Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Productivity- India'
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1
Vencappa, Dev V. "Trade policy, productivity and wages in India." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430483.
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Khachatryan, Armen. "Market access and aggregate crop productivity in India." Weikersheim Margraf, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2867933&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Corlett, Janet E. "Leucaena/millet alley cropping in India : microclimate and productivity." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328810.
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Marshall, Fiona M. "Resource partitioning and productivity of perennial pigeonpea/groundnut agroforestry systems in India." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12206/.
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The productivity of two spatial arrangements of a perennial pigeonpea/groundnut agroforestry system was examined in relation to the capture and use of light and water and alterations in microclimatic conditions. Line planted (5.4 m alleys) and dispersed arrangements (1.8 x 1.2 m spacing) of pigeonpea were compared, using populations of 0.5 plants m2 for pigeonpea and 33 plants m2 (0.3 x 0.1 m spacing) for groundnut in both treatments. Sole pigeonpea and groundnut treatments were included for comparison. The experiment was conducted between July 1989 and March 1991 on a 0.6 ha plot of Alfisol at ICRISAT Center, Andhra Pradesh, India, using a randomised block design with four replications. The first groundnut harvest took place in October 1989, while pigeonpea was harvested for grain and fodder in January 1990, and was cut to a height of 0.5 m during the 1990 dry season and again in August 1990 after a second groundnut crop was sown. The second groundnut harvest took place in November 1990 and the final pigeonpea grain harvest was in January 1991. Light interception, soil and leaf temperatures and saturation deficit were continuously monitored in all treatments and at various distances from the pigeonpea in the line and dispersed treatments, whilst windspeed was monitored at a single location in each treatment. Regular destructive samples of groundnut were used to establish effects on growth and development and the results were considered in relation to the concurrent physical measurements to determine the environmental factors influencing productivity. In order to establish a water balance, rainfall records were maintained, runoff plots were installed and soil moisture content was measured regularly throughout the drying cycle. Transpiration by pigeonpea was monitored using a heat balance technique, while transpiration by groundnut and soil surface evaporation were estimated from micrometeorological data. As pigeonpea is initially slow growing, there was little reduction in groundnut yield in either the line or dispersed treatments in 1989 and there was a slight intercrop advantage in overall biomass production when expressed in the terms of the land equivalent ratios. In 1990, groundnut pod yield was reduced by 20 and 44 % in the line and dispersed treatments relative to the sole crop, despite substantial increases in the light conversion coefficient for the shaded groundnut. The lower pod yield resulted from the delayed onset of pod initiation and a slower rate of development, and was mainly due the effects of shading by the pigeonpea canopy, although mild water stress may have been a minor contributory factor. The small reductions in saturation deficit and soil and leaf temperatures experienced by the shaded groundnut had a negligible effect on growth and development. There was a considerable increase in overall biomass production in the line and dispersed treatments as compared with 1989 due to rapid pigeonpea growth, which reflected an increase in overall resource use rather than in the light conversion coefficient or water use ratios of the systems. The influence of spatial arrangement on the growth and productivity of pigeonpea became apparent after the 1990 dry season. Biomass production by pigeonpea in the dispersed treatment was approximately double that of the line planting between August 1990 and January 1991. This was entirely due to increased transpiration by the dispersed pigeonpea as a result of greater utilisation of stored soil moisture and reduced losses by surface evaporation and deep drainage. There was no difference in the water use ratio. To examine further the mechanisms responsible for the differences in productivity and water use by the line and dispersed pigeonpea, trench profile methodology was used to examine the root systems in December 1990. The root system of the dispersed pigeonpea was distributed over the entire 2.0 m depth x 2.7 m width exposed soil profile, whilst that of the line arrangement occupied no more than 50 % of the same area. The results of this work are discussed in relation to previous studies of resource use and productivity in intercropping and agroforestry systems, and possible applications and future developments are considered. Finally, the major physical and socioeconomic factors determining the potential of perennial pigeonpea/groundnut agroforestry systems for adoption by farmers in semi-arid India are discussed.
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Ravishankar, Geetha. "Bank mergers and their efficiency and productivity effects : the case of India." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33740.
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This thesis examines the efficiency and productivity effects of mergers among Scheduled Commercial Banks in India over the post-economic reform period 1991–2005. It does so using the dual methodologies of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) applied to two datasets, the first comprising retail commercial banks and the second encompassing the entire commercial banking system. Under the DEA methodology, the potential for pre-merger efficiency gains is assessed using the Bogetoft and Wang (2005) approach and a comparative analysis with the realised post-merger efficiency is undertaken. A method to judge the success or failure of a merger along efficiency criteria is also provided. Under the latter methodology, an insight into the impact of the merger on the efficiency of the merging banks, the determinants of inefficiency and that of the variance of inefficiency is provided using a range of SFA models.
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Mahambare, Vidya. "Economic reforms in India : impact on savings and productivity of the manufacturing sector." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274202.
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Mishra, Abhishek. "ITES/BPO industry in India : a study of growth, market structure and productivity." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614280.
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Kaur, Japneet <1991>. "Impact of Climate Change on Agricultural Productivity and Food Security Resulting in Poverty in India." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/10586.
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“Tackling Climate Change is closely linked to poverty alleviation and economic development; I would call them different sides of the same coin.”
- Paul Polman, CEO, Unilever
Climate change has been considered to have catastrophic effects on planet Earth. It has become a major barrier to developing economies, like India where agriculture accounts for 55 per cent of its total working population (Registrar General 2013) and constitutes about 14.1 per cent of its GDP (GoI, 2013). Moreover, due to the alteration in climate, crop productivity is being affected adversely resulting in food and livelihood security issues. This study is based on state level data of 4 major seasonal Indian crops- Rice, Wheat, Cotton, Sugarcane which comprise of Food and Cash crops for the time span of 2004 to 2013. 7 agriculturally intensive states with varied climatic conditions have been taken into consideration for the study. States under tropical zones include West Bengal, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, while the subtropical regions are Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. This thesis makes an attempt to analyze the impact of climate change on Indian Agriculture and food security. It also examines the implications of climate change on food security and evaluates the multiple benefits of mitigation and adaptation. Cobb Douglas production function will be incorporated in this model to simulate this impact of climate change on agricultural productivity. Majority of the crops taken into consideration are expected to be adversely affected by the future climatic conditions. Local adaptation practices have also been scrutinized, highlighting the role of institutional support, national adaptation strategies and resilience at different scales.
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Furuta, Manabu. "Three Essays on the Indian Manufacturing: Wage Inequality, Export and Informality." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/225372.
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Tangen, Alyssa. "The Impacts of Expected Structural Changes in Demand for Agricultural Commodities in China and India on World Agriculture." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2009. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29866.
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The objective of this study is to evaluate the changes in import and export demand in China and India on the United States and global agriculture in 2018. A spatial equilibrium model is developed to optimize production and trade in China, India, and other major importing and exporting regions in the world. This research focuses on four primary crops: wheat, com, rice and soybeans. In the model China and India are divided into 31 and 14 producing and consuming regions, respectively. The model also includes five exporting countries and ten importing countries/regions. The results indicate that India will be able to stay largely self-sufficient in 2018 and China will increase its soybean and com imports to meet rising domestic demand. The research also gives perspectives on production and trade in the United States and other major exporting and importing countries.
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Gummadi, Sridhar. "Simulating the impacts of extreme climate events on crop productivity in current and future climates in India." Thesis, University of Reading, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.553635.
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We need to understand the impacts of climate variability and change at a regional level on crop productivity in order to develop response strategies to the changing climate. This thesis seeks to investigate the impacts of extreme climate events on crops in current and future climates in India. The response of observed yield to present day climate variability was examined. Paddy rice and groundnut yields had a significant positive correlation with rainfall (r = 0.40, p < 0.05), while maximum temperature showed a strong negative relationship (-0.45); no such relationship was found for maize. The EPIC crop model simulated yields over regions of India were evaluated by forcing with observed climate data. Simulated yields were within ±20% of observed yields, significant positive correlations were noted between the EPIC simulated and detrended observed crop yields (paddy rice 0.38; groundnut 0.40 and maize 0.29). Significant negative relationships were found between yield and extreme precipitation (above 50 mm/day) and maximum temperature (above 33°C). Global coupled climate models (HadCM3, GFDL 2.1 and ECHAM5) were used to assess impacts of the SRES A2 projected future emission scenario on yield. Yields were 40% lower compared with IMD-forced values due to poor representation of the current climate. The PRECIS Regional Climate Model was used to examine the impact of the SRES A2 scenario in more detail at the regional scale. Groundnut and maize yield decreased by 40%, while paddy rice yield decreased by 35%.
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Kakati, Vikramjit [Verfasser]. "Tealeaf harvesting. Mechanisation and the improvement of productivity and efficiency : A case study of an improved harvesting device in the context of Assam, India / Vikramjit Kakati." München : GRIN Verlag, 2020. http://d-nb.info/121914522X/34.
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Poli, Elena. "Can social capital help Indian smallholder farmers? Analysis of its impact on rural development, agricultural efficiency, production and risk." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/393944.
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This research project intends to investigate empirically the potentials of Social Capital to act as a mechanism to improve the performance of India's small-holder agriculture.
The study employs both a qualitative and quantitative research approach.
The qualitative analysis aims to provide initial empirical evidence of the relationship between social capital, smallholder's production costs and long-standing production constraints. Results indicate that all three dimensions of social capital i.e. collective production, information sharing and trust and mutuality, are significant in explaining farmers' production costs and productivity levels, representing a vital determinant of poor smallholder performance. The quantitative part of the analysis is then set out to provide a two-fold contribution to the state of knowledge on social capital: assess the effect of Social Capital on productive efficiency on one side and assess its impact on farmer's vulnerability and output risk on the other.
The first line of investigation uses a stochastic frontier analysis to analyze the contribution of social capital to the productive efficiency of small-holder Indian farmers. To our knowledge, it is the first time that social capital is investigated into its separate functional parts from this analytical viewpoint, using a parametric approach. Results from this part of the research suggest that higher levels of technical efficiency are obtained when small-holder farmers use higher levels of social capital. Specifically, the aspects of social capital that greatly influence efficiency and productivity levels are information sharing and collective production. Following the research findings, efficiency ratings are also positively correlated with social capital levels. Moreover, the strengthening of social capital result to be particularly effective in improving productive efficiency of less educated and less experienced/younger farmers. By the second line of investigation, this research contributes to the academic literature offering the first study to analyse empirically the impact of social capital on production risk in a developing country's setting. The effects of social capital on the productivity and the riskiness of India's smallholder agriculture are explored using the Just-Pope (1978) production function. Our results suggest social capital to be the input with the highest contribution to productivity after labour. Another interesting result is that social capital can be risk increasing, even when its effect on risk improves farmer welfare.
This is a very interesting research topic, given the magnitude of social, institutional, economic and technical constraints faced by this category of farmers who have trouble increasing conventional input use such as land, capital, labour, etc. In this context, social capital may enhance agricultural production where other conventional inputs are hard to improve.
Our findings could be particularly useful in providing policy makers with clear guidelines to identify and mobilize local social capital in order to effectively improve the sustainability of Indian agriculture and its impact on poverty.Este proyecto de investigación se propone estudiar empíricamente el potencial del Capital Social para que actúe como mecanismo de mejora del rendimiento entre los pequeños agricultores de la India. El estudio emplea un enfoque de investigación tanto cualitativa como cuantitativa. El análisis cualitativo tiene como objetivo proporcionar evidencia empírica de la relación entre el Capital Social, los costes de producción de los pequeños agricultores y sus restricciones de producción. Los resultados indican que las tres dimensiones del Capital Social, es decir, producción colectiva, intercambio de información y confianza y reciprocidad, son significativas en la explicación de los costes de producción y los niveles de productividad de los agricultores, lo que representa un importante determinante del rendimiento entre los pequeños agricultores pobres. La parte cuantitativa del análisis se establece con el fin de proporcionar una doble contribución al estado actual del conocimiento sobre el capital social: evaluar el efecto del capital social en la eficiencia productiva de un lado, y evaluar su impacto en la vulnerabilidad y el riesgo de producción de los agricultores por el otro. La primera línea de investigación utiliza un análisis de frontera estocástica para examinar la contribución del capital social en la eficiencia productiva de los pequeños agricultores de la India. Según nuestro conocimiento, es la primera vez que el capital social se investiga desde este punto de vista analítico en sus partes funcionales por separado, utilizando un enfoque paramétrico. Los resultados de esta parte de la investigación sugieren que niveles más altos de eficiencia técnica se obtienen cuando los pequeños agricultores utilizan mayores niveles de capital social. En concreto, los aspectos del capital social que influyen en gran medida los niveles de eficiencia y productividad son el intercambio de información y la producción colectiva. Siguiendo los resultados de la investigación, los índices de eficiencia también se correlacionan positivamente con los niveles de capital social. Además, el desarrollo del capital social resulta particularmente eficaz en la mejora de la eficiencia productiva de los menos educados y menos experimentados/jóvenes agricultores. En la segunda línea de investigación, este estudio contribuye a la literatura académica ofreciendo el primer estudio que analiza empíricamente el impacto del capital social sobre el riesgo de producción en el marco de un país en desarrollo. Los efectos del capital social en la productividad y el riesgo de los pequeños agricultores de la India se exploran mediante la función de producción Just-Pope (1978). Nuestros resultados sugieren que el capital social es el input de mayor contribución a la producción después del trabajo. Otro resultado interesante es que el capital social puede incrementar el riesgo, incluso cuando su efecto sobre el riesgo mejora el bienestar de los agricultores. Se trata de un tema de investigación muy interesante, dada la magnitud de las limitaciones sociales, institucionales, económicas y técnicas que enfrenta esta categoría de agricultores que tienen problemas para aumentar el uso de inputs convencionales tales como tierra, capital, mano de obra, etc. En este contexto, el capital social puede mejorar la producción agrícola, donde otros inputs convencionales son difíciles de incrementar. Nuestros hallazgos podrían ser particularmente útiles en proveer a los responsables políticos con directrices claras para identificar y movilizar el capital social local con el fin de mejorar efectivamente la sostenibilidad de la agricultura en la India y su impacto en la pobreza.
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Dayal, Ranu. "Indian industry 1950-1990 : growth, demand and productivity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359660.
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Zane, Giulia. "Workers' absences and productivity in the Indian registered manufacturing sector." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3469/.
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It is a well-established fact that increasing firms’ productivity is a necessary step to achieve sustainable growth and development. In fact, low levels of productivity, in particular in the registered manufacturing sector, represent a major challenge for the Indian economy. One key obstacle faced by these firms is the high level of employment protection, which makes it difficult to compete with the other sectors that largely rely on informal labour or flexible contracts. High labour protection increases the incentive for workers to be absent from the factories whenever they have access to better job opportunities elsewhere. Moreover, India is undergoing a process of structural transformation, which is characterised by movement of workers from agriculture into manufacturing. During this process workers are often engaged in both sectors, particularly so across seasons. In fact, the lack of job opportunities during the lean agricultural seasons allows manufacturing firms to pay relatively low wages but, during the peak seasons, workers may find casual jobs in agriculture attractive and leave the firm temporarily. Using firm level data, representative of the entire registered manufacturing sector, I find that absence rates are very high and negatively correlated with firms’ productivity. In particular, I notice that absence rates tend to be highest when labour demand in agriculture is highest, i.e. during the harvest seasons. Using worker level data from a large jute mill, I find that this behaviour is most common among workers who are recent migrants from rural to urban areas who have access to agricultural jobs in their home villages. I exploit exogenous shocks to agricultural productivity, that increase seasonality in agricultural labour demand, to estimate the effect of seasonal absences on firms’ output. Finally, I develop a theoretical framework that that illustrates how seasonal absences can be interpreted as a consequence of asymmetric labour market rigidities between the two sectors and estimate the cost of these rigidities in terms of loss in manufacturing output and employment.
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Chakravarty, Mukherjee Tanusree. "Patent Protection, Technical Efficiency and Productivity Growth in Indian Manufacturing Industries." Thesis, Curtin University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/86428.
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This thesis analyses the effect of patent reforms on firm-level technical efficiency and productivity growth in selected Indian manufacturing industries by computing and decomposing productivity changes. The empirical results demonstrate a mixed effect on the components of TFP across the four sunrise industries. It decomposes inefficiency into persistent and transient technical inefficiencies. Two industries experience persistent technical inefficiencies. The mixed impact of the firm-specific variables identifies the significance of specific policies for the different industries.
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Kulkarni, Kedar <1991>. ""Indian Agriculture – Productivity, Climate Change and Institutions An essay in Agricultural Economics"." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/8815.
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"Agricultural sector in India has recorded tremendous growth since Independence. This has been largely possible due to the new agricultural reforms and the arrival of the green and white revolutions. The impact of the new agricultural reforms can be felt in the massive increase in the productivity of coarse cereals and pulses which has enabled India to attain self-sufficiency in food grains. A by-product of this has been the gradual rise of energy inputs. In particular, fertilizer consumption, diesel use and electricity consumption, have seen a dramatic rise post 1960. There also has been a large scale substitution of capital for labour. This is a direct consequence of the increasing population size and food grain demand as India strives to maintain self-sufficiency. However, more importantly, the extravagant use of energy inputs and substitution of capital for labour coupled with new agricultural technology has had an adverse effect on the climate. This thesis makes an attempt to analyse the growth in Indian Agriculture and derive its implications in relation to energy use and CO2 emissions. The specific objective is to estimate the relationship between carbon emissions and agricultural productivity. Although agricultural production in India has witnessed a tremendous growth, it is unclear whether the high intake of energy has an adverse impact on climate. Over the past years, the northern states of India have blossomed partly due to favourable climatic conditions, while the western and southern states have experienced drastic climatic conditions that have adversely impacted agricultural productivity, repercussions of which are felt in farmer suicides and rural to urban migration. This thesis also investigates this issue by throwing light on the role of institutions in the development of agriculture and its implications on climate change.
The findings of the study show the presence of a positive relationship between agricultural productivity and the level of carbon emissions. Further, the study also finds that states with good institution are able to perform better than their competitors endowed with bad institutions."
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James, Amballur Joseph. "The measurement of total factor productivity, technical efficiency and allocative efficiency in agriculture in the Indian Punjab (1972-1988)." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244747.
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Sidibe, Daouda Kalifa. "Improving the management and productivity of Tamarindus indica and Ziziphus mauritiana in agroforestry parklands systems in Mali, West Africa." Thesis, Bangor University, 2010. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/improving-the-management-and-productivity-of-tamarindus-indica-and-ziziphus-mauritiana-in-agroforestry-parklands-systems-in-mali-west-africa(1f984deb-8608-457b-b98f-5ed8d0f30657).html.
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Three experiments were conducted on Tamarindus indica (Tamarind) and Ziziphus mauritiana (Ber) in parkland systems in Mali between 2006 and 2009: 1) the effect of Tamarind on yield and nutritional quality of African eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum L) in comparison with sorghum (Sorghum bicolour (L. ) Moench) was performed in Siramana village; 2) methods of domesticating an improved cultivar of Ber on farms through intercropping with African eggplant and sorghum were performed in Sanankoroba and 3) methods of enhancing the growth of Tamarind and Ber seedlings through mycorrhizal inoculation were performed in the nursery of Sotuba research Centre. All the three sites are situated in South Sudanian zone with annual rainfall ranging from 900 to 1200 mm. The soils in Siramana and Sanankoroba have sandy clay loan and sandy loan texture respectively. For the third experiment, nursery soil was used which consisted of local soil (1/3), sand (1/3) and compost (1/3). Concerning the first experiment, six adult trees of Tamarind were randomly selected in the collaborating farmers' fields. The area around each sample tree was subdivided into three concentric zones: Zone A; Zone B and Zone C. A control plot (Zone D) was installed in an open area. Crop production (eggplant and sorghum) in these zones was assessed over two cropping seasons. Regarding the second experiment, an experimental plantation was established with seedlings of the local variety of Ber half of which were grafted in-situ with an improved cultivar of Ber called SEB. Crop production as well as the performance of Ber was assessedin each experimental plot over two cropping seasons. Concerning the experiment on mycorrhizas, three inocula were used: Glomus aggregatum, Glomus fascia and unselected nursery soil inoculum as a control. The results of the study on the intercropping trial of Tamarind showed that Tamarind may have a positive effect on yield of eggplant but a negative effect on yield of sorghum. Tamarind had, however, no effect on nutritional composition of both crops. The results of farmer's feedback survey showed that growing eggplants under Tamarind has a great potential for adoption by farmers in Mali because majority of respondents mentioned that the tree-crop association tested was a good idea and should be promoted for making more productive use of land under trees, improving crop yields and increasing farmers' incomes. The results of the study on Ber domestication showed that SEB, the improved variety as well as the local variety of Ber had no detrimental effect on either eggplant or sorghum, both in terms of yield and nutritional quality, two years after establishment. In fact a beneficial effect of trees was found on the performance of both crops (yield, dry matter production) which suggest a complementarity of resource use. The high level of fruit production of the improved variety of Ber observed on farms under rain-fed conditions may be a source of additional income and diversification of diet for rural communities in Africa. Therefore, the adoption by farmers of the agroforestry practice of domesticating improved Ber varieties in association with food crops may help considerably in alleviating poverty in the region. The results of the mycorrhizal studies showed that VAM species differed in their ability to enhance plant growth. The growth of Ber was significantly improved by G. aggregatum inoculum while the growth of Tamarind was enhanced with nursery soil inoculum. The results on Tamarind suggest the need for isolating the local soil mycorrhizal fungi in future screening experiments.
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Malinowska, Rachel Elizabeth. "Molecular approaches for the study of bacterial biodiversity in sediments from contrasting regions of productivity in the deep Indian Ocean." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/69026/.
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Bacteria dominate the remineralization of organic carbon in marine systems. Examining patterns of abundance, diversity and distribution is critical to understanding the contribution of bacteria to global biogeochemical cycles. In the oligotrophic deep sea, the role of bacterial communities is intimately linked to the flux of organic matter from primary productivity in surface waters. Deep-sea sediments are a major site of nutrient regeneration, supporting bacteria that comprise up to 90% of the benthic biomass and account for almost 45% of all respiration that occurs in the deep sea. The study of benthic bacterial communities in relation to organic matter flux may help to further scientific understanding of the contribution of bacteria to trends in the carbon cycle that have global significance. In this study, the bacterial abundance and diversity in deep-sea sediments beneath two zones of contrasting productivity in the Southern Ocean were compared. Sediments were taken at two abyssal sites, to the east and south of the Crozet Island Archipelago, in the Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean. To the east of the islands, enhanced productivity levels are generated by seasonal blooms in marked contrast to the southerly, oligotrophic site where high nutrient, low chlorophyll conditions, predominate. Bacterial abundance was examined in sediment to a depth of 20 cm. No significant difference in abundance was found between sites, although a trend in decreasing abundance with vertical sediment depth was observed. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) showed consistent distribution of different bacterial groups at both sites, where the gamma- and alpha-Proteobacteria were dominant. Similar denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles were observed for both sites. A comparison of the eutrophic and oligotrophic surface sediment clone libraries found that approximately 36% of operational taxonomic units were common to both sites, however, richness was higher at the oligotrophic site. The results indicated a consistency in abundance and community structure between the two sediments, which may reflect shared biogeochemical characteristics. Both sites supported the same dominant community members. Differences in richness were observed between sites among the less dominant bacteria and these differences might reflect the contrasting productivity regimes of the overlying water.
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Biermann, Lauren. "Linking foraging behaviour of post-breeding adult female elephant seals from Marion Island to physical dynamics and productivity at the South-West Indian Ridge." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10166.
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Advances in remote sensing and tagging technology have made it possible to investigate the relationship between oceanographic dynamics and the distribution of certain marine species. For this study, surface chlorophyII-a concentration was used as a proxy for underlying related productivity, rather than as a direct indicator of prey density. Post-breeding, adult female southern elephant seals from Marion Island were tagged with conductivity, temperature and depth satellite-relayed data loggers (CTD-SRDL's) and their foraging behaviour was examined in relation to different chlorophyII-a concentrations. Optimal foraging and area restricted search theories predict that travelling speed and turning frequency would be quantifiably affected by prey density, which is in turn affected by the underlying richness of primary producers.
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Cavalcante, Lucas Aroaldo Dantas. "Avaliação da palma forrageira em diferentes densidades de plantio." Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, 2013. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/6358.
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The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Center of the Coastal Plains Agricultural Research - CPATC - Embrapa, in Frei Paulo - SE to evaluate the morphology, chemical composition and productivity of forage cultivars in different planting densities. The experimental design was a randomized block in factorial 3X4. The treatments consisted of a combination of three species of cactus pear (Palma Giant and Tiny Round), four planting densities (10,000, 20,000, 40,000 and 80,000 plants.ha-1), with three replications. The sample collection was performed at 24 months after planting, and evaluated the morphometric measurements, production and chemical composition in each treatment. The species of forage presented different behaviors regarding morphometry, productivity and chemical composition and independent of the kind denser planting increases productivity and provides greater accumulation of water and nutrients per hectare2 years.O experimento foi instalado no Campo Experimental do Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária dos Tabuleiros Costeiros - CPATC - Embrapa, em Frei Paulo SE objetivando avaliar a morfometria, produtividade e a composição química de cultivares de palma forrageira em diferentes densidades de plantio. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 3X4. Os tratamentos constituíram-se da combinação de três espécies de palma forrageira (Palma Gigante, Redonda e a Miúda), quatro densidades de plantio (10.000, 20.000, 40.000 e 80.000 plantas.ha-1), com três repetições. A coleta das amostras foi realizada aos 24 meses após plantio, sendo realizadas avaliações das medidas morfométricas, produção e composição química em cada tratamento. As espécies de palma forrageira apresentaram comportamentos diferentes quanto à morfometria, produtividade e composição química e independente da espécie o plantio adensado eleva a produtividade e proporciona maior acúmulo de água e nutrientes por hectare2 anos.
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Elie, Baudelaire Djantou Njantou. "Optimisation du broyage des mangues séchées (manguifera indica var Kent) : influence sur les propriétés physicochimiques et fonctionnelles des poudres obtenues." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPL081N/document.
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La mangue représente une source naturelle de provitamine A pouvant être utilisée dans la lutte contre l’avitaminose A. Ce travail a été effectué dans le but de développer un procédé de préparation de poudre de mangue par des techniques de séchage et de broyage généralement employées sous les tropiques pour la production de poudre. Le travail a également consisté en l’étude des caractéristiques physicochimiques et fonctionnelles des poudres préparées. Les résultats ont montré que la teneur en eau est responsable de l’encrassement lors du broyage des mangues. L’association de l’éminçage et de la déshydratation osmotique à l’alternance de phase de séchage et de broyage permet d’éviter l’encrassement et d’obtenir des rendements élevés de poudre. Le broyage des mangues décrit un modèle sigmoïdal qui permet de relier le temps de broyage à l’énergie, la distribution des particules, l’aptitude et le rendement de broyage. Il a été montré que les caractéristiques biochimiques des poudres sont significativement influencées par le procedé (p<0,05). Il a été également relevé que l’utilisation de prétraitements d’éminçage et de déshydratation osmotique conduisent à une augmentation du rendement de broyage de 50 %. Les mêmes observations ont été effectuées avec la méthode d’alternance de phase de séchage et de broyage permettant d’obtenir des rendements proches de 68 %. La modification de la composition biochimique des poudres affecte leurs caractéristiques physiques. En modifiant les caractéristiques physicochimiques des poudres, il est apparu que le procédé de production influence leurs propriétés d’usage telles que la rhéologie et la réhydratation. Il est globalement ressorti de cette étude que la méthode par alternance de phases associée à l’éminçage et à la deshydratation osmotique est l’approche technologique permettant d’obtenir la poudre possédant la teneur la plus élevée en provitamine A et en vitamine C. Cette approche permet également d’obtenir un meilleur écoulement des poudresMango is a natural source of provitamin A that can be used to fight against vitamin A deficiency, a serious problem in developing countries. The objective of this work was to elaborate a process for mango powder preparation based on drying and grinding technics generally used in subsaharan areas for powder processing. The work also studied the effect of biochemical, physicochemical, rheological characteristics and rehydration properties of mango powder. Concerning powder production, it has been shown that mango grinding ability varies according to their moisture content. It has been observed that slincing and osmodrying reduces mango moisture content and increases their grinding yield. Increasing in dried mango grinding ability was characterised by particles sizes and grinding energy reduction and a higher grinding yield. The highest grinding yield (90%) and the lowest energy consumption was obtained with a combined process that associates slicing, osmotic dehydration with alternating drying and grinding. It has been shown that the process modified the biochemical composition, the physicochemical characteristics and functional properties of powders. In general, the alternating drying and grinding method associated with slicing and osmodrying appears to be the best technological approach for powder processing from ripe mango. This method leads to powder with better rheological properties and high Vitamin A and C contents
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GORLA, CHIARA. "Influssi e riflessi della lingue indiane sul british english: analisi dei prestiti e della produttività lessicale in prospettiva diacronica e sincronica." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/274.
Full textAbstract:
La tesi si concentra sugli influssi lessicali che le lingue indiane hanno esercitato sulla lingua inglese sia in prospettiva diacronica sia sincronica. La prima parte dell'elaborato indaga, tramite l'impiego di uno strumento lessicografico, l'Oxford English Dictionary edizione on-line, la presenza in inglese di prestiti veri e propri, ma anche di derivati e composti, sorti in seguito al contatto tra l'inglese le lingue indiane a partire dal Sedicesimo secolo e fino ai nostri giorni, arrivando a individuare 1791 forme lessicali. La seconda parte intende verificare l'effettiva presenza, la frequenza d'uso e il significato di tali prestiti, composti e derivati nel British English contemporaneo, avvalendosi degli strumenti offerti dalla linguistica dei corpora. Il corpus di riferimento impiegato in questa seconda fase della ricerca è Bank of English. L'elaborato, oltre a delineare lo scenario storico culturale di riferimento, mette in evidenza le procedure metodologiche impiegate, e ricostruisce l'impianto teorico sulle questioni di interferenze tra codici linguistici, lingue in contatto e prestiti lessicali, riferendosi ai maggiori e più recenti studi in materia.The research focuses on lexical influences exerted by Indian languages on British English as a result of linguistic contacts between Great Britain and India. Both diachronic and synchronic perspectives are taken into consideration in evaluating the extent of such lexical influences. The first part of the research analyses the presence of words of East Indian origin in English by means of the Oxford English Dictionary, on-line edition, be these words authentic lexical borrowings, or derivatives or compounds arisen as a consequence of such linguistic contacts. The historical period taken into consideration goes from the 16th century till nowadays. The second part of the research aims to verify the actual presence, frequency of usage and meaning of such words in contemporary British English by means of a linguistic corpora tool, namely the Bank of English by Harper Collins. The historical and cultural background of the relationships between Great Britain and India, as well as the theoretical background about linguistic interferences as a whole are also illustrated, with reference to the most authoritative and recent studies.
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GORLA, CHIARA. "Influssi e riflessi della lingue indiane sul british english: analisi dei prestiti e della produttività lessicale in prospettiva diacronica e sincronica." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/274.
Full textAbstract:
La tesi si concentra sugli influssi lessicali che le lingue indiane hanno esercitato sulla lingua inglese sia in prospettiva diacronica sia sincronica. La prima parte dell'elaborato indaga, tramite l'impiego di uno strumento lessicografico, l'Oxford English Dictionary edizione on-line, la presenza in inglese di prestiti veri e propri, ma anche di derivati e composti, sorti in seguito al contatto tra l'inglese le lingue indiane a partire dal Sedicesimo secolo e fino ai nostri giorni, arrivando a individuare 1791 forme lessicali. La seconda parte intende verificare l'effettiva presenza, la frequenza d'uso e il significato di tali prestiti, composti e derivati nel British English contemporaneo, avvalendosi degli strumenti offerti dalla linguistica dei corpora. Il corpus di riferimento impiegato in questa seconda fase della ricerca è Bank of English. L'elaborato, oltre a delineare lo scenario storico culturale di riferimento, mette in evidenza le procedure metodologiche impiegate, e ricostruisce l'impianto teorico sulle questioni di interferenze tra codici linguistici, lingue in contatto e prestiti lessicali, riferendosi ai maggiori e più recenti studi in materia.The research focuses on lexical influences exerted by Indian languages on British English as a result of linguistic contacts between Great Britain and India. Both diachronic and synchronic perspectives are taken into consideration in evaluating the extent of such lexical influences. The first part of the research analyses the presence of words of East Indian origin in English by means of the Oxford English Dictionary, on-line edition, be these words authentic lexical borrowings, or derivatives or compounds arisen as a consequence of such linguistic contacts. The historical period taken into consideration goes from the 16th century till nowadays. The second part of the research aims to verify the actual presence, frequency of usage and meaning of such words in contemporary British English by means of a linguistic corpora tool, namely the Bank of English by Harper Collins. The historical and cultural background of the relationships between Great Britain and India, as well as the theoretical background about linguistic interferences as a whole are also illustrated, with reference to the most authoritative and recent studies.
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Kundi, Mini. "Productivity and efficiency analysis of energy intensive industries in India." Thesis, 2018. http://localhost:8080/iit/handle/2074/7614.
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Gambhir, Dhwani. "Productivity & efficiency analysis of apparel sector in India." Thesis, 2018. http://eprint.iitd.ac.in:80//handle/2074/8007.
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Barik, Kaustuva. "Study of productivity growth in paper industry of India." Thesis, 2001. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/12345678/5775.
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Ramjas. "Trade union and productivity-A study of selected industries in India." Thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/4621.
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Apparaju, Venkata Seshu Kamesh. "Organizational context, communication technology and productivity: A study of organic chemists' community in India." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/1098.
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Khan, Shagafta. "Fronties approach to the evalution of efficiency and productivity in the india pharmaceutical industry." Thesis, 2007. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/12345678/5805.
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Sinha, Kompal. "Essays in nutrition and labour supply : an empirical investigation for rural India." Phd thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150087.
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Majumdar, Rumki. "Analysis Of Productivity Growth In Indian Electronics Industry : Significance Of Management Decision Variables As Determinants." Thesis, 2008. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/852.
Full textAbstract:
The present study is an attempt to analyze the impact of changing policy regime during the liberalization era on the behaviour of 81 sample firms in Indian electronics industry in terms of factor productivities. We categorise a period of 12 years (1993-2004) as the two phases of liberalisation: - Period/ Phase 1: 1993-1998 and Period/ Phase 2: 1999-2004. The 81 sample firms are segregated into four primary sub-sectors of electronics industry based on their use pattern: communication equipments, computer hardware, consumer electronics and other electronics. The objective is to trace the growth of output in the four sub-sectors in Indian electronics industry over two phases of liberalisation and to determine the relative contributions of Input Growth (IG) and Total Factor Productivity Growth (TFPG) to Output Growth (OG). Further, the study focuses on determining the relative contributions of Technological Progress (TP) and Technical Efficiency Change (TEC) to TFPG and establishes the influence of firm specific managerial decision making and management efficiency variables on TEC and TP. The methodology follows a three-step approach in order to achieve the above objectives. The first step is to determine a potential stochastic production function using stochastic frontier production function model and measure firm-wise technical inefficiency levels. The second step is to measure the growth of TFP over two phases and to derive the components TEC and TP. The third step measures the influence of management decision variables on TEC and TP using a frontier approach model on a panel data.
The contribution of labour to output was found to be higher than the contribution of capital in all four sub-sectors. However, capital contribution improved in phase 2 relative to phase 1 for computer hardware and other electronics sub-sectors. Computer hardware was the only sub-sector that experienced an improvement in returns to scale from constant returns to scale in phase 1 to increasing returns to scale in phase 2 of liberalisation. The Technological Progress (TP) and Technical Efficiency Change (TEC) that contributed to TFPG exhibited a contrasting relationship for all the four sub-sectors in the electronics industry: TEC declined when there was high TP while it improved when there was a decline in TP. This could be because Indian electronics firms generally focus on either technology imports/ develop indigenous technology to achieve TP or to assimilate the imported/ indigenous technology for better use. The lag in assimilation of imported/ developed technology could be a reason for the negative relation between TEC and TP. The communication equipment sub-sector had a balanced growth in terms of TEC and TP among the four sub-sectors. The computer hardware and the other electronics sub-sectors were worse performers in terms of TEC in period 2 relative to period 1 and so had been the electronics industry as a whole. The computer hardware sub-sector had the highest average OG in period 2 relative to period 1 among all the sub-sectors due to relatively high contribution of IG. Other electronics sub-sector had the highest average TP that compensated for the negative average TEC. On an average, percentage contribution of TP to TFPG was high for the electronics industry and its sub-sectors in period 2 relative to period 1. This is an indication that the sub-sectors of Indian electronics industry have strived and achieved steady technological progress in the period of economic liberalisation to cope with the intensifying competition internally as well as externally. The sample firms in the electronics industry were in favour of towards external acquisition of sophisticated technology, which explains the relatively high contribution of TP to the TFPG of the industry. However, this was not followed up with adequate in-house R&D in order to develop indigenous technology or to absorb imported technology as a result of which TEC for the sub-sectors and the whole industry suffered.
Growth in Operating Margin (OMG) and Growth in Returns on Capital Employed (ROCEG) generate additional revenue that could be ploughed back into the firm for improvement of its existing indigenous technology or absorption of imported technology thereby leading to improvement in TE and TP. The positive influence of OMG as well as ROCEG on TEC and TP for all the sub-sectors is an indication of efficient management in these sub-sectors in utilizing assets and profits to generate earnings. However, the trend of operating margin and returns on capital employed had been declining for all the sub-sectors. Inventory management proved to be costly for TP as financial resources diverted to maintain inventory had an undesirable effect on their indigenious technology. Most of the sample firms in the electronics industry were found to have incurred R&D expenditure to derive tax incentives. As a result the resources got diverted away from other creative operational or skill improvement efforts to unproductive and wasteful R&D activities. Thus, R&D did not have the desirable influence on the components of TFPG. The present study showed that unplanned and ad hoc technology imports or even raw material imports was not conducive to the growth of both the components of TFPG.
Older firms need to develop their technology or adequately import better and more sophisticated technology. This would enable older (more experienced) electronic firms to overcome the negative influence of age, reflected in our analysis. This is, however, applicable to only those segments of the electronics industry where firms preferred to serve lower end of the market as well as lower end of the technological spectrum (eg. Computer hardware and other electronics sub-sectors). Electronics industry like any other capital goods industry offers scope for vertical integration. Management of the firms in electronics industry should emphasize on vertical integration, expansion of scale of operations and should initiate R&D investments to build up R&D base, among others to improve TEC and TP. This would also help to check the decline in operating margin and returns from invested capital among the firms. Thus, improved managerial effectiveness and decision making do help in the form of generating thereby surpluses facilitating to achieve higher TP and even TEC. Regional and State governments should provide adequate policy support and appropriate industrial infrastructure to electronic firms which would in turn improve their managerial effectiveness and TFPG.
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Majumdar, Rumki. "Analysis Of Productivity Growth In Indian Electronics Industry : Significance Of Management Decision Variables As Determinants." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/852.
Full textAbstract:
The present study is an attempt to analyze the impact of changing policy regime during the liberalization era on the behaviour of 81 sample firms in Indian electronics industry in terms of factor productivities. We categorise a period of 12 years (1993-2004) as the two phases of liberalisation: - Period/ Phase 1: 1993-1998 and Period/ Phase 2: 1999-2004. The 81 sample firms are segregated into four primary sub-sectors of electronics industry based on their use pattern: communication equipments, computer hardware, consumer electronics and other electronics. The objective is to trace the growth of output in the four sub-sectors in Indian electronics industry over two phases of liberalisation and to determine the relative contributions of Input Growth (IG) and Total Factor Productivity Growth (TFPG) to Output Growth (OG). Further, the study focuses on determining the relative contributions of Technological Progress (TP) and Technical Efficiency Change (TEC) to TFPG and establishes the influence of firm specific managerial decision making and management efficiency variables on TEC and TP. The methodology follows a three-step approach in order to achieve the above objectives. The first step is to determine a potential stochastic production function using stochastic frontier production function model and measure firm-wise technical inefficiency levels. The second step is to measure the growth of TFP over two phases and to derive the components TEC and TP. The third step measures the influence of management decision variables on TEC and TP using a frontier approach model on a panel data.
The contribution of labour to output was found to be higher than the contribution of capital in all four sub-sectors. However, capital contribution improved in phase 2 relative to phase 1 for computer hardware and other electronics sub-sectors. Computer hardware was the only sub-sector that experienced an improvement in returns to scale from constant returns to scale in phase 1 to increasing returns to scale in phase 2 of liberalisation. The Technological Progress (TP) and Technical Efficiency Change (TEC) that contributed to TFPG exhibited a contrasting relationship for all the four sub-sectors in the electronics industry: TEC declined when there was high TP while it improved when there was a decline in TP. This could be because Indian electronics firms generally focus on either technology imports/ develop indigenous technology to achieve TP or to assimilate the imported/ indigenous technology for better use. The lag in assimilation of imported/ developed technology could be a reason for the negative relation between TEC and TP. The communication equipment sub-sector had a balanced growth in terms of TEC and TP among the four sub-sectors. The computer hardware and the other electronics sub-sectors were worse performers in terms of TEC in period 2 relative to period 1 and so had been the electronics industry as a whole. The computer hardware sub-sector had the highest average OG in period 2 relative to period 1 among all the sub-sectors due to relatively high contribution of IG. Other electronics sub-sector had the highest average TP that compensated for the negative average TEC. On an average, percentage contribution of TP to TFPG was high for the electronics industry and its sub-sectors in period 2 relative to period 1. This is an indication that the sub-sectors of Indian electronics industry have strived and achieved steady technological progress in the period of economic liberalisation to cope with the intensifying competition internally as well as externally. The sample firms in the electronics industry were in favour of towards external acquisition of sophisticated technology, which explains the relatively high contribution of TP to the TFPG of the industry. However, this was not followed up with adequate in-house R&D in order to develop indigenous technology or to absorb imported technology as a result of which TEC for the sub-sectors and the whole industry suffered.
Growth in Operating Margin (OMG) and Growth in Returns on Capital Employed (ROCEG) generate additional revenue that could be ploughed back into the firm for improvement of its existing indigenous technology or absorption of imported technology thereby leading to improvement in TE and TP. The positive influence of OMG as well as ROCEG on TEC and TP for all the sub-sectors is an indication of efficient management in these sub-sectors in utilizing assets and profits to generate earnings. However, the trend of operating margin and returns on capital employed had been declining for all the sub-sectors. Inventory management proved to be costly for TP as financial resources diverted to maintain inventory had an undesirable effect on their indigenious technology. Most of the sample firms in the electronics industry were found to have incurred R&D expenditure to derive tax incentives. As a result the resources got diverted away from other creative operational or skill improvement efforts to unproductive and wasteful R&D activities. Thus, R&D did not have the desirable influence on the components of TFPG. The present study showed that unplanned and ad hoc technology imports or even raw material imports was not conducive to the growth of both the components of TFPG.
Older firms need to develop their technology or adequately import better and more sophisticated technology. This would enable older (more experienced) electronic firms to overcome the negative influence of age, reflected in our analysis. This is, however, applicable to only those segments of the electronics industry where firms preferred to serve lower end of the market as well as lower end of the technological spectrum (eg. Computer hardware and other electronics sub-sectors). Electronics industry like any other capital goods industry offers scope for vertical integration. Management of the firms in electronics industry should emphasize on vertical integration, expansion of scale of operations and should initiate R&D investments to build up R&D base, among others to improve TEC and TP. This would also help to check the decline in operating margin and returns from invested capital among the firms. Thus, improved managerial effectiveness and decision making do help in the form of generating thereby surpluses facilitating to achieve higher TP and even TEC. Regional and State governments should provide adequate policy support and appropriate industrial infrastructure to electronic firms which would in turn improve their managerial effectiveness and TFPG.
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Singh, Rajive K. "Tree and crop productivity and soil organic matter changes as influenced by Leucaena hedge-row management in sub-humid India /." 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/11059.
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Pillai, V. N. "Further studies on the process of coastal upwelling along the south west coast of India - possible correlations with biological productivity." Thesis, 1993. http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/14065/1/Thesis_1993_Pillai%20V%20N.pdf.
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An attempt is made to study the possible relationship between the process of upwelling and zooplankton biomass in the shelf weters along the south west coast of India between Cape comorin and Ratnagiri based on oceanographic and Zooplankton data collected by the erstwhile FAO/UNDP Pelagic Fishery Project,Cochin between 1973 and 1978. Different factors such as the depth from which the bottom waters are induced upwards during the process of upwelling,the depth to which the bottom waters are drawn, vertical velocity of upwelling and the resultant zooplankton productivity were considered while arriving at the deductions. Except for nutrients and phytoplankton productivity, for which simultaneous data is lacking, all the major factors were taken into consideration before cocluding- xon positive/negative correlation.
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Tyagi, Balram. "Productivity and efficiency analysis of Indian aviation industry." Thesis, 2015. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/12345678/6916.
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Sharma, Seema. "Study of total factor productivity in Indian fertiliser industry." Thesis, 2003. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/12345678/5788.
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Sharma, Y. B. "Estimation of total factor productivity on Indian railways- a cost function approach." Thesis, 1995. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/12345678/5757.
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"Flexibility in quality and productivity strategy for corporate sucess-a study in Indian context." Thesis, 1997. http://localhost:8080/iit/handle/2074/4599.
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Bhattacharya, Satarupa Ray. "Efficiency and productivity growth in the Indian iron and steel industry : a stochastic frontier analysis." Thesis, 2009. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/12345678/5811.
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Pandey, I. Priyanka. "Explicit and implicit contracts in North Indian villages : effects of technology on incentive design /." 1999. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:9934105.
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Narasimha, Murthy K. V. "Manufacturing Strategy In Indian Industrial Organisations : An Exploratory Study Of Two Sectors." Thesis, 1995. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/1836.
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Narasimha, Murthy K. V. "Manufacturing Strategy In Indian Industrial Organisations : An Exploratory Study Of Two Sectors." Thesis, 1995. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/1836.
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Gangatharan, C. "Knowledge Integration Mechanisms, Organizational Capabilities, and Factors of Knowledge Worker Productivity : A Selective Study of Indian Software Firms." Thesis, 2015. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/3948.
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The importance of knowledge in organizations has been steadily growing. Traditional economies focused on land, labour, and capital as their main production factors, and saw knowledge as external to the economic process. Over the last few decades, economists have started discussing the role of knowledge and technology in economic growth. The Resource-Based View of the firm explains the contribution of resources and capabilities of the firm to accomplish sustainable competitive advantage. As an extension of this view, the Knowledge-Based View of the firm suggests that knowledge is the basic economic resource, which explains an organization's sustainable competitive advantage. This view argues that in the knowledge-based economy, management of productivity of the knowledge-worker is the crucial challenge for growth and development. Organizational Capabilities are important for enhancing the competitive advantage and performance of the firms. However, the relationship between Organizational Capabilities and Knowledge-Worker Productivity have not previously been empirically examined.
The current research, through Knowledge-Based View of the firm, examines the issue of effective knowledge integration from the perspective of Organizational Capabilities. This perspective suggests that effective knowledge integration improves the capabilities of an organization, which enhances the factors influencing the productivity of the knowledge-worker.
Knowledge Integration Mechanisms were studied using four variables: Rules and Directives, Sequencing, Routines, and Group Problem-Solving. All these four variables were hypothesized to positively influence the three forms of Organizational Capabilities, namely Local Capability, Architectural Capability, and Process Capability. Then, the effect of these Capabilities on the Factors of Knowledge-Worker Productivity was examined. These factors were identified as Task Clarity, Autonomy, Innovation, Learning, Quality, and Value Addition.
Through analysis of surveys collected from over three hundred knowledge professionals, this research empirically models and uncovers key aspects of these constructs. The results provide a basis for understanding the knowledge-based theory of the firm, which postulates that knowledge integration is the primary role of the firm. The data was analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. This method was chosen because it allows the analysis of all the relationships simultaneously. From the analysis of data collected, results of this research suggests that Process Capability has got maximum influence on the Factors of Knowledge-Worker Productivity; and Group Problem-Solving, as a Knowledge Integration Mechanisms, was found to be most significant in the development of Organizational Capabilities. These results conform to those reported in the literature, that is improved Factors of Knowledge-Worker Productivity is dependent on Organizational Capabilities, which are enhanced by effective Knowledge Integration Mechanisms.
Overall, this thesis expands the Knowledge-Based View of the firm by integrating the above mentioned three constructs. This integrated view provides insights on the significance of knowledge integration and illustrates how firms develop a set of capabilities that can improve the Factors of Knowledge-Worker Productivity. The findings from this research can be used to develop sound strategies for effective leverage of Knowledge Management, ensuring organizational development.
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Gangatharan, C. "Knowledge Integration Mechanisms, Organizational Capabilities, and Factors of Knowledge Worker Productivity : A Selective Study of Indian Software Firms." Thesis, 2015. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/2005/3948.
Full textAbstract:
The importance of knowledge in organizations has been steadily growing. Traditional economies focused on land, labour, and capital as their main production factors, and saw knowledge as external to the economic process. Over the last few decades, economists have started discussing the role of knowledge and technology in economic growth. The Resource-Based View of the firm explains the contribution of resources and capabilities of the firm to accomplish sustainable competitive advantage. As an extension of this view, the Knowledge-Based View of the firm suggests that knowledge is the basic economic resource, which explains an organization's sustainable competitive advantage. This view argues that in the knowledge-based economy, management of productivity of the knowledge-worker is the crucial challenge for growth and development. Organizational Capabilities are important for enhancing the competitive advantage and performance of the firms. However, the relationship between Organizational Capabilities and Knowledge-Worker Productivity have not previously been empirically examined.
The current research, through Knowledge-Based View of the firm, examines the issue of effective knowledge integration from the perspective of Organizational Capabilities. This perspective suggests that effective knowledge integration improves the capabilities of an organization, which enhances the factors influencing the productivity of the knowledge-worker.
Knowledge Integration Mechanisms were studied using four variables: Rules and Directives, Sequencing, Routines, and Group Problem-Solving. All these four variables were hypothesized to positively influence the three forms of Organizational Capabilities, namely Local Capability, Architectural Capability, and Process Capability. Then, the effect of these Capabilities on the Factors of Knowledge-Worker Productivity was examined. These factors were identified as Task Clarity, Autonomy, Innovation, Learning, Quality, and Value Addition.
Through analysis of surveys collected from over three hundred knowledge professionals, this research empirically models and uncovers key aspects of these constructs. The results provide a basis for understanding the knowledge-based theory of the firm, which postulates that knowledge integration is the primary role of the firm. The data was analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. This method was chosen because it allows the analysis of all the relationships simultaneously. From the analysis of data collected, results of this research suggests that Process Capability has got maximum influence on the Factors of Knowledge-Worker Productivity; and Group Problem-Solving, as a Knowledge Integration Mechanisms, was found to be most significant in the development of Organizational Capabilities. These results conform to those reported in the literature, that is improved Factors of Knowledge-Worker Productivity is dependent on Organizational Capabilities, which are enhanced by effective Knowledge Integration Mechanisms.
Overall, this thesis expands the Knowledge-Based View of the firm by integrating the above mentioned three constructs. This integrated view provides insights on the significance of knowledge integration and illustrates how firms develop a set of capabilities that can improve the Factors of Knowledge-Worker Productivity. The findings from this research can be used to develop sound strategies for effective leverage of Knowledge Management, ensuring organizational development.
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Guildford, S. "Depression of primary productivity by suspended sediment and dissolved humic material in limnocorral experiments at Southern Indian Lake, northern Manitoba." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/29891.
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