Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Production Transformation'
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Chikkala, Veera, and veera chikkala@rmit edu au. "Production and transformation of tobacco and Brassica containing macrochloroplasts." RMIT University. Applied Sciences, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20091005.144005.
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Plastid division, sustained by the equilibrium expression and coordination of plastid division genes is vital for the maintenance of plastid populations in dividing plant cells. Macrochloroplasts (MCP), the occurrence of one or a few chloroplasts per cell is due to the imbalance in the expression of plastid division genes. Because of the MCP size and number it was proposed that they may provide better targets for the plastid transformation than the normal (WT) chloroplasts and result in better plastid transformation frequencies. The objective of this research was to produce transgenic plants containing macrochloroplasts by nuclear transformation and then to use these plants as a model for the development of plastid transformation of crop species. By using AtFtsZ1-1 and AtMinD1 as query sequences in the TIGR (U.S.A) and ASTRA (Australia) Brassica oleracea EST databases, this project resulted in the isolation of cauliflower FtsZ1-1 (EU684588) and MinD (EU684589) genes. In addition, AtFtsZ1-1 was used as a control gene for comparison to the cauliflower FtsZ1-1. Binary vectors were constructed to express these genes in tobacco and cauliflower either by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated or PEG-mediated transformation methods. Transgenic tobacco and cauliflower plants with abnormal chloroplasts (MCP, minichloroplasts, honeycomb or doughnut shaped chloroplasts, uneven surface membrane chloroplasts) were developed. Furthermore, the transgenic tobacco and cauliflower plants were examined by PCR, RT-PCR and Southern blotting. In addition, th ese plants were also analysed for the different abnormal chloroplast phenotypes by fluorescence microscopy. This project also generated the first plastid transformants from macrochloroplast bearing tobacco plants via biolistics. After one round of regeneration homoplasmic plastid transformants were obtained from both WT chloroplast and MCP tobacco plants. The homoplasmic nature of plastid transformants were confirmed by PCR and Southern blotting. Plastid expression of GFP in WT and MCP was confirmed by fluorescence/confocal microscopy and western blot analysis. This project showed for the first time the characterisation of cauliflower FtsZ1-1 and MinD plastid division genes in homologous and heterologous systems (cauliflower and tobacco). Moreover, obtaining homoplasmic plastid transformant shoots from one round of regeneration from the MCP containing tobacco plants is reported for the first time in this study. In addition this study explored the effect of transgene expression level on the chloroplast abnormality, highlighting the importance of analysing transgenic tobacco and cauliflower plants at the protein lev el specifically with regard to plastid division genes. The maintenance of MCP phenotype in the regenerated shoots and the requirement of standardisation of MCP containing plants via biolistics for increasing the plastid transformation frequency were also examined.
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Gruber, Wolfgang. "Modeling and transformation of workflows with temporal constraints." Berlin : Amsterdam : Aka, Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft ; IOS Press, 2004. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/57677828.html.
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Reiner, Dirk. "Methode der kompetenzorientierten Transformation zum nachhaltig schlanken Produktionssystem." Aachen Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/995471045/04.
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Ozden, Basak. "Transformation Of Architectural Space With The Aid Of Artistic Production." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613361/index.pdf.
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The goal of this thesis is to study the transformation of architectural space with the aid of artistic production. By questioning architectural production as a non-static process open to alteration and intervention, this condition is claimed to enlarge the frontiers of architecture in terms of interdisciplinary contributions and new design methods.
Inspired by the course ARCH 524, conducted by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Aysen Savas in the METU Department of Architecture, this study aims to understand the possible ways of transforming architectural space by the defined function of exhibition. The condition of exhibiting is claimed to manifest a &ldquotemporary&rdquo
and reciprocal relation between the architectural space and the artwork
therefore, it redefines architectural space as a temporary entity open to intervention.For this reason, &ldquo
site-specific artwork&rdquo
is believed to play a pragmatic role in the creation of the &ldquo
new space&rdquo
. This study will focus on the selected works of the artist Esther Stocker. Stocker&rsquo
s productions offer systematic and analytic (re)readings that analyze and decipher spatial qualities. Her productionsare claimed to shift the conventional definitions of architectural terminology and introduce physical, visual and cultural/social levels of understanding both for the built, and the yet-to-be-built space. Throughout this study, the transformation process is commonly referred to as (re)construction, and/or (re)definition, which will, at the end of the process, generate a &ldquo
new space&rdquo
open to continuous transformation. The analysis of the same space will provide new intellectual agents for the promotion of theoretical methods in architectural education and practice.
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Sorge-English, Lynn Marion. "Staymakers of London: Production, Consumption, and Body Transformation, 1680-1810." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490487.
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There are scholarly studies on various aspects of eighteenth-century tailoring and men's clothing, but none on the equally important branch of tailoring - staymaking. For most of the century male staymaking tailors created the most intimate garment for women - stays - raising questions related to gender, class, identity-formation, bodily health and aesthetics on the one hand, and, on the other hand, to production and consumption of stays, and the degree to which they transformed the body at all stages of the life cycle. Male staymakers did not have a monopoly on the trade, however, as females began to take a primary role in staymaking during the last two decades of the century, giving rise to questions about the masculinazation and feminization of stays-design as the century drew to a close. Moving thematically from production to consumption, the thesis seeks to make an original and valuable contribution to the place of a little-known trade in the trades history of Britain in general, and of London in particular. In doing so, it makes a number of discoveries, including the periodization of the separation of staymaking from tailoring, the gender differentiation of staymakers late in the century, the placement of the staymaker in his/her urban and working environment, details of stays-wearing through the life cycle, staymakers' relationships with their clients, the masculinization and feminization of stays-design, and the aesthetic, seductive and erotic qualities of stays, among others. The thesis takes a novel approach to its choice of sources, introducing an invaluable staymaker's diary never before used as a source of trades history, and calling upon the Old Bailey Proceedings, for example. The methodology used is innovative, as well. Combining a traditional textual approach with methods centering on material-culture and visual-imagery analyses allows for the contextualization of the staymaking trade from the widest possible perspective. The thesis argues that staymaking had a profound influence on transforming the female body to conform to fashionable silhouettes in Britain 1680 - 1810. In discussing relationships between working staymakers and their clients from the upper, middling and lower sorts, it illuminates wider issues pertaining to gender, class and society overall.
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Lamble, Sarah R. "Epistemologies of possibility: social movements, knowledge production and political transformation." Thesis, University of Kent, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.594232.
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Urgent global problems-whether military conflicts, economic insecu rities, immigration controls or mass inca rceration-not only call for new modes of po litical action but also demand new forms of knowledge. For if knowledge frameworks both shape the horizons of social intelli gi bil ity and chart t he realms of political possibility, then epistemological interventions constitute a crucial part of social change. Social movements play a key role in th is work by engaging in dissident knowledge practices that open up space for political transformation. But what are the processes and conditions through which social movements generate new ways of knowing?'What is politically at sta~e in the various knowledge strategies that activists use to generate social change? Despite a growing lite ratu re on the role of epistemological dimensions of protest, social movement studies tend to neglect specific questions of epistemological change. Often treating knowledge as a resource or object rather than a power relation and a socia l practice, social movement scholars tend to focus on content rather than production, frames rather than practices, taxonomies rather than processes. Missing is a more dynamic account of the conditions, means and power relations through which transformative knowledge practices come to be constituted and deployed. Seeking to better understand processes of epistemological transformation, this thesis explores the relationship between social movements, knowledge production and pol itical change. Starting from an assumption that knowledge not only represents the world, but also works to constitute it, th is thesis examines the role of social movement knowledge practices in shaping the conditions of political possi bility. Drawing from the context of grassroots queer, transgender and feminist organizing around issues of prisons and border controls in North America, the project explores how activists generate new forms of knowledge and forge new spaces of political possibility. Working through a series of concepts-transformation, resistance, exp_erience, co-optation, so lidarity and analogy-this thesis explores different ways of understanding processes of epistemological change with in social movement contexts. It considers processes that facil itate or enable epistemological change and those that lim it or prohibit such change. Bringing together a range of theoretical perspect ives, includ ing femin ist, queer, crit ica l race and post-structuralist analyses, and drawing on interviews with grassroots activists, the thesis explores what is politica lly at stake in the different ways we conceptua lise, imagine and engage in processes of epistemological change.
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Lee, Yuk-ting, and 李玉婷. "Production of transgenic plant-derived vaccines via plastid transformation technology." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3015943X.
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Triggs, Heidi M. "Haploid production and genetic transformation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243689.
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Richards, Philip L. (Philip Lloyd). "Effective synchronization of MRP to production during a lean transformation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39691.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-65).
Raytheon - Network Centric Systems (NCS) division develops and produces mission solutions for networking, command and control, battlespace awareness, and air traffic management. The facility in Largo, Florida, produces radios and their associated equipment for programs in the NCS division. The Largo facility uses traditional Material Resource Planning (MRP) systems to drive supply chain and production output. This push system runs directly against lean principles of flow and pull during Raytheon's continuous lean improvements. This tension makes the lean transition difficult for all aspects of the business. This thesis specifically examines the reduction in throughput variability that comes with lean controls and shows that the lean principles of flow, pull and pursuit of perfection help MRP be more accurate by providing the stability required for the MRP system. This is especially important during the transition between a classic MRP push system and the more efficient use of material planning available in a lean organization. Results of the alignment between operations and MRP include lower lead times, lower inventory and lower cost production. This thesis also explores the fundamental cultural, structural and political issues with implementing certain lean changes and the effects of these issues on variability of the system.
by Philip L. Richards.
S.M.
M.B.A.
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Maluk, Marta. "Improving barley for biofuel production : efficient transformation for lignin manipulation." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2014. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/ac9a09a3-e07e-4aeb-96e1-1b17abc31525.
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Cost effective production of biofuel from plant biomass (second generation biofuels) is currently a key challenge. To achieve this, accessibility of plant cell wall polysaccharides to chemical, enzymatic and microbial digestion could be improved by altering lignin structure and composition or by reducing lignin content, as lignin is one cell wall component that has already been shown to contribute to biomass recalcitrance. Therefore, this thesis reports the genetic manipulation of lignin biosynthesis through down-regulation of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) genes in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Barley has been chosen as the target plant for lignin manipulation for a few reasons: it is a major cereal crop that produces large amounts of lignocellulosic plant biomass that can potentially be used as animal feed or to produce second generation biofuels and also because it is a model grass for other bioenergy crops. CAD, as the final enzyme in the lignin pathway, is a perfect target for lignin manipulation. Characterised CAD mutants and transgenics have shown that down-regulation of CAD improves digestibility and does not influence plant growth and fertility. Due to the difficulty and complexity of transformation of monocot species, there are only a few reports describing down-regulation of CAD in monocots, and none in barley. Here, in this thesis, lignin was altered by down-regulating CAD genes using an RNAi construct with part of the HvCAD2 gene, the gene which has the highest expression level of all CAD genes. Transgenic barley plants showed reduced enzyme activity in the T0 generation (31% compared to EV plants) and enzyme activity was reduced even more in the T1 (to 3%) and T2 (to 2%) generations. The HvCAD2 RNAi barley lines had similar or slightly reduced Klason total lignin contents relative to control plants, but lignin structure and composition were altered. The RNAi plants had lower thioacidolysis yields, S/G ratio was reduced (1.59 in the empty vector controls versus 0.96–1.21 in the transgenic barley plants), the relative frequency of S units was reduced by 11–20%, the proportion of G units was increased by 17–32%, there was increased sinapaldehyde accumulation in lignin and ferulic acid abundance was reduced relative to control plants. Analysed transgenic barley plants had an orange stem phenotype. Growth season and conditions hugely affected the intensity of the phenotype. Because lignin plays a major role in culm strength and pathogen resistance, the influence of down-regulation of CAD on these features was characterised. The changed physicochemical nature of cell walls in HvCAD2 RNAi lines does not decrease the strength of the straw and does not decrease the resistance to the biotrophic Blumeria graminis and to the hemibiotrophic Rhynchosporium commune pathogens. The modified cell walls in the HvCAD2 RNAi lines had moderately improved sugar release for biofuel production. This study proves that it is possible to down-regulate CAD in cereal crops in order to change lignin structure and composition in plants without a negative impact on plant growth, fertility or pathogen resistance.
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Ihemere, Uzoma Enyinnaya. "Somatic embryogenesis and transformation of cassava for enhanced starch production." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1070549008.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxiii, 184 p.; also includes graphics (some color). Includes bibliographical references (p. 166-184).
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Kozicki, Gislaine. "Proposition d'un système de programmation lissée pour les industries de type mono-transformation." Valenciennes, 1994. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/d2806bf9-2450-428f-971f-d4d582062600.
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Il existe un type particulier de systèmes de production pour lesquels les problèmes de gestion prévisionnelle sont très différents des problèmes classiques: les systèmes de type mono-transformation. Parmi eux se trouvent les industries de process, les équipementiers automobiles. Ils comportent des caractéristiques et des contraintes spécifiques. La fonction de programmation a un rôle par l'importance des contraintes à respecter, alors que l'ordonnancement est simplifie. Nous avons constaté que les méthodes de programmation classiques (la méthode M. R. P2) ne conviennent pas pour les systèmes mono-transformation. Elles ne prennent pas en compte la capacité de production au moment du calcul des besoins. L'ordonnancement remet en cause ce calcul s'il ne correspond pas aux contraintes de charge et de capacité. La première partie de ce travail est la conception et la mise en œuvre d'un modèle de programmation lissée pour les systèmes mono-transformation. Il prend en compte leurs contraintes spécifiques, et la capacité de production lors du calcul des besoins. Il évite les remises en cause de calcul au niveau ordonnancement, permettant un gain de temps et une meilleure réactivité du système aux fluctuations du marché. La seconde partie est l'évaluation, dans le but de développer un outil industriel, des capacités de la programmation logique par contraintes: outil utilise pour la mise en œuvre du modèle. Enfin, nous avons appliqué la maquette de validation du modèle à un cas industriel réel, correspondant aux systèmes mono-transformation
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Erikson, Gustaf. "Contract farming and organic rice production in Laos : a transformation analysis." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-15657.
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As in many least developed countries the farmers in Laos are heavily dependent on subsistence based agriculture production for their livelihood. A key for increased welfare for the rural population inLaosis to increase their profits of small scale farmers and generate a higher income per capita. One possible way to increase the profits and income for smallholder farmers may be to convert in to organic rice production for the export market, since the international market for organic rice is growing, consumers are prepared to pay a premium prise for organic products and conditions for organic rice production are favourable in Laos. Organic rice farming has grown in Laos during the last decade as greater volumes of organic rice are produced and exported. Organic rice is mainly produced by smallholders in donor projects or by contract farmers supplying contract farming companies. In this thesis I try to determine the causes behind this structural transformation by incorporating evolutionary economic theory (Schumpeter, 1911; Dahmén, 1950 and Marmefelt, 1998) which focuses on entrepreneurial innovations and creditors as the basis for changes in the economy. By performing a Dahménian transformation analysis of the transition from conventional- to organic rice production within the development block around rice production in Laos, I try to determine the transformation pressure causing the transformation to take place. Emphasis is in particular given to the role of contract farming in this process. I investigate to what extent the contract farming firm can be regarded as a Schumpeterian banker, a concept introduced by Marmefelt (1998), that can coordinate the development block around rice production by providing credits to the entrepreneurs within the development block. The analysis shows that two types of transformation pressures are likely to have caused the farmers to convert to organic rice production. First of all it is likely that the relatively higher price paid for organic rice (42 percent higher than conventional rice) has convinced farmers to make the transition. This type of transformation pressure can be seen as a market pull type, as it originates from an increased demand in the international market, which in turn increases the relative price for the product. The analysis further shows that a production method innovation had taken place by the introduction of new inputs, made available by the contract farming firm. This has led to an increased productivity which, combined with the premium price, generated higher profits for the organic contract farmers. The production method innovation can be seen as a market push type of transformation pressure originating from the supply side. In this thesis I argue that it is unlikely that the transformation would have occurred without the involvement of the contract farming firm. On their own, farmers did neither have the means to grow the organic rice, nor the proper market channels to process and sell the organic rice on the international market. I argue that the contract farming firm’s ability to facilitate price signal information from the international market to farmers, provide access to the new market thru market links, and provide credits for new inputs as well as technical assistance essentially made the transition to organic rice possible. However the analysis also shows that the contract farming firm had a limited ability to fulfil its role as a coordinator in the evolvement of the organic rice production, in terms of a Schumpeterian banker, because of limited abilities to solve bottlenecks in the value chain. The reason for this is mainly limited financial resources to finance complementary investments in other parts of the development block.
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Kwesiga, Philip K. "Transformation in pottery education : production and use in Nkore, southwestern Uganda." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424260.
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Marks, Rachel. "Discourses of ability and primary school mathematics : production, reproduction and transformation." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2012. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/discourses-of-ability-and-primary-school-mathematics(3cade1fa-b3cf-4874-8963-7b6acf7fbaf3).html.
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This thesis investigates how discourses of mathematical-ability are produced and reproduced by pupils and teachers in the primary classroom and the impacts of these on teaching and learning. Building on a literature base suggesting the often negative and self-fulfilling outcomes of ability labelling and grouping, the thesis embeds this literature strongly in primary mathematics, exploring why these practices not only continue, but form the basis of much Government and school organisational policy. -- Utilising a critical realist meta-theory, the thesis draws pragmatically from multiple traditions. Data were collected from approximately 300 pupils and 14 teachers in two primary schools. Individual and group-interviews and classroom observations explored pupils’ and teachers’ productions of their own and others’ mathematical-ability, with pupil questionnaires and attainment tests used to examine the extent to which these impact on pupil attainment and learning in mathematics. -- The thesis finds that discourses of ability are pervasive, embedded in all aspects of teaching and learning in primary mathematics, and resistant to change. Pupils and teachers are fairly consistent in their understanding of mathematical-ability; this is thought of as a stable, innate quality connected to intelligence and genetics or else conceptualised in terms of, and muddled with, assessment outcomes. Assessment, labelling and inequitable ability practices create pupils from an early age as mathematically able or not, whilst setting places the focus on the mathematics, effectively ignoring the whole-child, raising many of the concerns about setting in secondary mathematics in a primary context. Many teachers recognise the inequity in the practices they engage in, yet reproduce the inequitable practices they experienced.
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Arai, Fuminori. "The transformation of production structure : the case of Japanese clothing industry /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7488.
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Sembada, Pria. "Transformation des systèmes bovins laitiers en Indonésie : évaluation de la durabilité et des trajectoires des exploitations." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NSAM0020/document.
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En Indonésie, la croissance économique rapide et la sensibilisation à la consommation d'aliments nutritifs sont des facteurs importants qui stimulent la consommation d'aliments d'origine animale, y compris laitiers.Le PIB de l'élevage a ainsi augmenté de plus de 56% entre 2011 et 2015. Même si elle reste relativement faible par rapport aux autres pays d'Asie du Sud-Est, la demande de produits laitiers n’est pas couverte par la production nationale. Celle-ci ne représentait qu'environ 835 000 tonnes en 2015, produites principalement par des petites exploitations familiales.Les petites exploitations représentent la grande majorité des fermes laitières en Indonésie. Avec seulement 4 vaches et moins de 1 ha de terres cultivées par ménage en moyenne, les activités laitières jouent un rôle important dans la sécurisation des moyens de subsistance de ces petites exploitations. Cependant, ces fermes font face à plusieurs contraintes qui empêchent leur durabilité. Dans ce contexte, nous souhaitions rechercher «dans quelle mesure les petites exploitations laitières peuvent-elles être plus durables ?».Notre approche visait à évaluer la durabilité des petites exploitations et à apprécier la dynamique et les changements dans les systèmes de production laitière dans la province de Java Ouest. La première phase (2014) consistait à identifier le rôle d'un projet de développement laitier local et les besoins des fermes laitières. Nous avons recueilli des données auprès de 61 fermes à travers une enquête formelle et auprès de la coopérative laitière. La deuxième phase (2015-2016) consistait à évaluer la durabilité des petites exploitations familiales. Après une revue de bibliographie, nous avons mené des entretiens avec des experts et des acteurs locaux (chercheurs, experts, gouvernement, coopérative, ONG, agriculteurs) afin de proposer six indicateurs de durabilité. Nous avons ensuite mené une enquête formelle auprès de 355 agriculteurs, ce qui nous a permis de quantifier ces indicateurs. La troisième phase (2016-2017) consistait à comprendre la dynamique des systèmes de production laitière. Sur la base des résultats de l'enquête formelle de 355 agriculteurs, nous avons construit une typologie agricole et caractérisé chaque type de fermes. Nous avons ensuite sélectionné 20 fermes qui représentaient chaque type de ferme pour des entretiens approfondis afin de comprendre leurs trajectoires.Nous voulons souligner 3 résultats principaux. Nous montrons l'importance de fournir des formations et un soutien technique pour le développement des moyens de subsistance des agriculteurs. Nous notons que le niveau de capital et la diversification des activités à la ferme jouent un rôle important dans la durabilité des exploitations agricoles. Enfin, si les systèmes mixtes agriculture-élevage restent stables en termes de production laitière, les exploitations spécialisées disposant d'une dotation en capital plus importante ont rapidement augmenté leur taille de troupeau.En conclusion, les agriculteurs ayant une activité diversifiée affichent de meilleures performances en matière de durabilité, mais leur contribution à la production nationale augmente plus lentement. Les fermes spécialisées pourraient jouer un rôle clé pour soutenir la production nationale en raison de l'augmentation rapide du cheptel laitier. Néanmoins, dans une politique de développement laitier il ne serait pas pertinent de se concentrer uniquement sur ces exploitations spécialisées. En raison de leur nombre élevé, les petites exploitations jouent un rôle important dans la réduction de la pauvreté, la création d'emploi, l'alimentation et la fourniture d'un marché national. À l'avenir, les politiques laitières devraient mettre davantage l'accent sur les formations et les programmes de crédit des petits exploitants et fournir des stratégies pertinentes tenant compte du type de ferme, du modèle de durabilité, des trajectoires agricoles afin d'assurer un développement durableIn Indonesia, rapid economic growth and awareness to consume nutritious food boost animal source foods, consumption, including dairy. As consequence, GDP from livestock sub-sector shows an enhancement to more than 56 percent during five years (2011-2015). Even though, it remains relatively low compared to other South East Asian countries, the demand of dairy products could not be covered by national production. The national production accounted for only around 835.000 tons in 2015 which is produced mostly by smallholder farms.Smallholder farms represent the vast majority of dairy cattle farms in Indonesia. With only 4 cows and less than 1 ha of cultivated land per household on average, dairy activities play an important role in securing the livelihoods of those smallholder farms. However, those farms face several constraints that preclude their sustainability. In that context, we wanted to research “in what condition smallholder dairy farms are more sustainable”.Our approach aimed at evaluating the sustainability of smallholder farms and assessing the dynamics and changes in milk production systems, in West Java Province. The first phase of our study (2014) was to identify the role of a local dairy development project and the needs of the dairy farms. We collected data from 61 farms through formal survey and from milk cooperative The second phase (2015-2016) was to evaluate the sustainability of smallholder dairy farms. After an extensive literature review, we carried out in-depth interviews with experts and local stakeholders (researchers, lecturers, government, cooperative, NGO, farmers) in order to propose six main indicators of sustainability scoring from 0 to 100. We then conducted a formal survey of 355 farmers that allowed us to quantify those indicators. The third phase (2016-2017) was to understand the dynamics of dairy farming systems. Based on the results of the formal survey of 355 farmers, we built a farm typology and characterized each type of farm. We then selected 20 farms which represented each type of farm for in-depth interviews to understand their farm trajectories.From our study, we want to underline 3 main results. First, we show the importance of providing trainings and technical support for the development of farmers’ livelihoods. Second, we note that the level of capital and the diversification of the activities on farm both play important roles in the sustainability of the farms. Third, if mixed crop-livestock systems remain stable in terms of milk production, specialized farms with higher capital endowment increased their herd size rapidly.To conclude, farmers with diversified activity show better sustainability performances than specialized ones, but their contribution to national production increases more slowly. Specialized farm might play a key role to support national production due to rapid increase of the dairy herd. Nevertheless, in a dairy development policy to supply national market, to focus only on those specialized farms could not be relevant. Due to the high number, small-scale farms are important to reducing poverty, to opening job opportunity, to ensuring nutrition and to providing national market. In the future, dairy policies should give more emphasis to smallholders’ trainings and credit programs and to provide relevant strategies considering the farm type, the sustainability pattern, the farm trajectories in order to have sustainable development
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Fang, Wenhao. "Production d’hydrogène par transformation du bioéthanol sur catalyseurs à base de nickel." Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10026/document.
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Produire l’hydrogène, énergie propre, à partir de ressources renouvelables (biomasse) est un enjeu international d’actualité. Deux types de catalyseurs à base de Ni, CeNiXOY et NiXMg2AlOY, sont étudiés pour la production de H2 à partir de l’éthanol selon deux voies, le reformage vapeur et le reformage oxydant (H2O/EtOH = 3). De nombreuses caractérisations physico-chimiques des catalyseurs permettent de proposer des sites actifs et un mécanisme réactionnel. Les nano-composés CeNiXOY et NiXMg2AlOY sont capables de stocker différentes espèces hydrogène, en particulier des espèces hydrures. Une fois traités in situ sous H2 à température adéquate, ces oxydes mixtes deviennent des nano-oxyhydrures avec la présence d’espèces O2-, de cations en interaction forte et de lacunes anioniques. Ces solides sont des catalyseurs très actifs et efficaces pour la transformation de l’éthanol. Le catalyseur Ni12Mg2AlOY permet d’obtenir un haut rendement en H2 à basse température avec une production de 3 mol molEtOH-1 à 300 °C sans formation de CO. Les catalyseurs Ni3Mg2AlOY et CeNi1OY permettent une forte production de H2 avec 5 mol molEtOH-1 à 650 °C. En présence de O2, les oxyhydrures CeNiXHZOY et NiXMg2AlHZOY (30 mg) sont capables de convertir totalement l’éthanol en produisant 45 mol% de H2 avec une température de four de seulement 60 °C, avec une remarquable stabilité pendant au moins 75 h. Cette réaction auto-entretenue à température ambiante est principalement due à l’énergie dégagée par la réaction exothermique entre les espèces hydrures stockées dans les catalyseurs avec O2 ; les espèces hydrures sont continuellement formées à partir de l’éthanol permettant une réaction soutenueThe potential benefits of hydrogen economy based on renewable energy sources (biomass) have drawn much attention. Hence studies on H2 production from catalytic transformation of bio-ethanol are very interesting and promising. Two types of Ni-based catalysts, CeNiXOY and NiXMg2AlOY, are studied for H2 production from ethanol through two routes, steam reforming and oxidative steam reforming (H2O/EtOH = 3). Numerous physico-chemical characterizations of the catalysts allow proposing active sites and possible mechanism. The CeNiXOY and NiXMg2AlOY nano-compounds are able to store different hydrogen species in particular hydride species. Once in situ treated in H2 at proper temperature, these mixed oxides become nano-oxyhydrides with the presence of anionic vacancies, O2- species and cations in close interactions which are highly active and efficient catalysts for ethanol steam reforming. The Ni12Mg2AlOY catalyst allows obtaining a low-temperature high-yield H2 production of 3 mol molEtOH-1 at 300 °C without the formation of CO. The Ni3Mg2AlOY and CeNi1OY catalysts are able to produce a very high H2 production of about 5 mol molEtOH-1 at 650 °C. In the presence of O2, CeNiXHZOY and NiXMg2AlHZOY oxyhydrides (30 mg) enable to completely convert ethanol with about 45 mol% H2 production with the oven temperature at only 60 °C, showing remarkable stability for 75 h on stream. This self-sustainable reaction is driven by the energy released from the strong exothermic reaction between the hydride species stored in the catalysts with O2, at the same time hydride species are continuously formed from ethanol to make the reaction sustainable
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Rönnberg, Hanna, and Jenny Areback. "Initiating transformation towards AI in SMEs." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Industriell Ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79343.
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Purpose – The purpose is to explore how SMEs can initiate transformation towards AI. The purpose will be fulfilled through identifying which opportunities that exist for SMEs and which challenges they are facing. Additionally, we will identify which requirements are necessary to face these challenges. Method – A qualitative approach was most suitable for this study since the purpose is to explore how SMEs can initiate transformation towards AI. It was also suitable since we have collected data through interviews. We have done a single case study where we have studied one supply chain. Finally, we have had an inductive research approach which means that we have gathered a theoretical background which has founded the base and the background for our study, but our interviews have founded the result of the study and created a conclusion based on that. Findings –The result of the study provides identified opportunities with AI for SMEs, what challenges can occur, and which requirements that are needed to face the challenges. The opportunities are identified as forecasting, maintenance and repair, self-optimization, and tracing and tracking. The identified challenges when initiating transformation towards AI are cultural difficulties, lack of external communication, lack of internal communication, limited internal processes, and lack of resources. The requirements are identified as automation, data, strategy, and capabilities. The opportunities, challenges and requirements are summarized in a framework. Theoretical and Managerial Implications – We have contributed to literature by exploring how an SME, as a mass production company, can benefit from AI by identifying opportunities, challenges, and requirements. Additionally, the framework guides SMEs to prepare for opportunities with AI and ensure that they have all of the requirements. Further, by understanding which requirements that are necessary for a transformation and which challenges that can occur, managers can reduce risk of failing projects. Limitations and Future Research –The number of studied companies together with that the study is a single case study limits the generalizability. It creates a suggestion for future research where a wider set of data can be collected. Additionally, we have identified challenges that can occur, however how companies should face these challenges in the best way is a suggestion for future research.
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Starrett, C. "The role of residents in the production and transformation of their residential environment." Thesis, University of Reading, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380681.
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Klang, Jakob. "Kreativ transformation : Från musikalisk hantverkare till kreativ musikskapare." Thesis, Kungl. Musikhögskolan, Institutionen för musik- och medieproduktion, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kmh:diva-4142.
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Detta masterprojekt handlar om omvandlingen från att ”bara” vara en musikalisk hantverkare till att bli en kreativ musikskapare. Musiken som det här projektet har resulterat i är åtta låtar, i instrumentala genrer med teman och improvisationer. Metoden som har tillämpats är forskning genom konsten. I den inledande fasen av processen fanns det ett icke-dömande förhållningssätt till musikskapandet där fokus låg på att skapa musik utan att ta hänsyn till om musiken som skapades var bra eller dålig. Under resans gång utkristalliserade sig målet till att bli arbete mot en två-dagars inspelningssession tillsammans med en kvintett i studio 1 på Kungl. Musikhögskolan i Stockholm. Genom denna process har åtta parametrar visat sig vara av betydelse för att bli en kreativ musikskapare. Parametrarna är välmående, lekfullhet, struktur, fokus, mål och drivkraft. Studiens resultat påvisar att de verkar samexistera och nära varandra och på det sättet utgör de tillsammans en grund för kreativitet i musikskapandet.This master project is about the transformation from ”only” being a craftsman in the art of music into becoming a creator of music. The music in this case has resulted in eight songs in some kind of instrumental genre with themes and improvisations. The method for this journey is research through the arts. In the initial phase of the process there were a non-judgemental approach to music making where focus layed on the act of creating music, not paying any attention to whether the music was good or bad. As the process moved on, goals outlined themselves into becoming work towards two days of recording with a quintet in the biggest studio in the Royal College of Music in Stockholm. Through this process, eight parameters have shown to be of importance in the act of becoming a creative music maker. The parameters are Well-being, Playfulness, Structure, Focus, Goal and Driving force. They seem to co-exist and feed one another and in that way lay a foundation for creativity in music making.
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Pelkonen, V. P. (Veli-Pekka). "Biotechnological approaches in lily (Lilium) production." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2005. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514276590.
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Abstract
Biotechnology has become a necessity, not only in research, but also in the culture and breeding of lilies. Various methods in tissue culture and molecular breeding have been applied to the production of commercially important lily species and cultivars. However, scientific research data of such species and varieties that have potential in the northern climate is scarce.
In this work, different biotechnological methods were developed and used in the production and culture of a diversity of lily species belonging to different taxonomic groups. The aim was to test and develop further the existing methods in plant biotechnology for the developmental work and the production of novel hardy lily cultivars for northern climates.
Most of the plant material was started from seeds, which provided genetic variability and new material for breeding. Different features in seed structure were studied with light microscopy and SEM, and different parameters affecting germination were tested. Several tissue culture protocols were also compared with different species using both solid and liquid media. Molecular biological methods were used in assessing genetic background of traditionally grown lilies. Somatic embryogenesis in callus differentiation of callus cultures was studied, and gene expression behind differentiation processes was analyzed with various molecular biological methods. Particle bombardment system was used in genetic transformation. In addition, protoplast isolation methods from various tissues were tested.
The main results indicate that many tissue culture methods can be used in research and in mass production with all tested species. Especially in a large-scale production, temporary immersion system is promising. In addition to the conventional bulb scale material, seeds were found to be a suitable starting material for genetic variability required for production of new cultivars, and in the preservation of natural populations. RAPD techniques proved a suitable method for revealing phylogenetic relations of different lily species and cultivars. Methods in DNA and RNA isolation, cloning and analysis were optimized for lily material. In addition, particle bombardment system was successfully used for genetic transformation of lily callus.
In the future, more information is needed to understand better the germination and differentiation processes, focusing especially in the genes, their products and function. In addition, the large and still mostly unknown lily genome is a challenge for research in the future. However, the currently presented results provide good opportunities for further developmental work and research of hardy lily species.
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Van, Niekerk Dirk Bouwer. "Small and medium enterprise transformation (South African manufacturing)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53055.
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Thesis (MScEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT "The environment sets many new requirements and SMEs can reactively adapt or they can design themselves to affect and operate in the environment as effective as possible. " - Trade and Industry Minister Alec Erwin (2000). The objective of this thesis is to assess how applicable transformation methodologies (essentially a design process) are to South African small and medium manufacturing enterprises (SMEs). Enterprise Engineering was chosen as the reference discipline for this study. Enterprise Engineering is an emerging discipline that draws upon a wide variety of reference disciplines as a foundation. Transformation from an Enterprise Engineering perspective is considered as a rigorous engineering approach through careful planning to transform an enterprise from a current state to desired future state. Two methodologies from the Enterprise Engineering discipline were chosen, and their applicability to serve as transformation methodologies was assessed for South African manufacturing SMEs. The thesis starts by stating the thesis objective, problem statement, approach followed, limitations of the research and thesis outline. Global competitive trends for nations and manufacturing enterprises are then discussed. The current South African environment for manufacturing SMEs is reviewed in order to better understand the specific needs for transformation. Current literature on the reference disciplines of Enterprise Engineering is introduced to establish a sound foundation for understanding the transformation concepts. Transformation, Enterprise Engineering methodologies and the type of transformation that each methodology presents are defined, and some important concepts of the methodologies are discussed and evaluated against prevailing South African practices. A pre-transformation assessment method is established to help in the decision process of whether a SME should go ahead with transformation at all, and if so, what the extent and type of transformation approach should be. An application for each of the two transformation methodologies is done. The Transform Enterprise Methodology was applied at a small manufacturer of microwave components for the electronic warfare industry, and the Master Planning methodology was applied to a business unit that specialises in rapid product development. The results of the applications are included in this report. Lessons learnt and conclusions drawn are presented in the sections following.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: "Die omgewing stel baie nuwe vereistes en klein en medium ondernemings kan reaktief aanpas of hulle self herontwerp om die omgewing te beinvloed en om so effektief as moontlik daarin te werk. " - Handel en Nywerheid Minister Alec Erwin (2000). Die doewit van die tesis is om te bepaal hoe toepasbaar transformasie metodologië is tot Suid Afrikaanse klein en medium vervaardiging ondernemings. Ondernemings Ingenieurswese is gekies as verwysings disipline vir hierdie studie. Ondernemings Ingenieurswese is 'n opkomende disipline wat gebaseer is op 'n wye verskeidenheid verwysings disiplines. Transformasie vanuit 'n Ondernemings Ingenieurswese oogpunt kan beskou word as 'n werksintensiewe ingenieurs benadering om 'n onderneming te transformeer van 'n huidige tot 'n toekomstige begeerlike toestand in ooreenstemming met 'n plan. Twee metedologië vanuit die Ondernemings Ingenieurswese disipline is gekies, en hulle toepasbaarheid om as transformasie metedologië gebruik te word is bepaal vir Suid Afrikaanse klein en medium vervaardiging ondernemings. Die tesis begin deur die tesis doelwit, probleem stelling, benadering gevolg, begrensing van die navorsing en oorsigtelike skema te gee. Globale kompeterende tendensies vir nasies en vervaardinging ondernemings word daarna bespreek. Die huidige omgewing vir klein en medium vervaardiging ondernemings in Suid Afrika word dan beskou. Dit word gedoen om beter te verstaan wat die spesifieke behoeftes vir transformasie is. Huidige literatuur oor Ondernemings Ingenieurswese verwysmgs disiplines word bekend gestelom 'n goeie fondasie daar te stel vir begrip van transformasie konsepte. Transformasie word gedefinieer en twee tipes transformasie metedologië word bekendgestel. Die belangrikste konsepte van die twee metedologië word dan bespreek en geevalueer teen algemene Suid Afrikaanse werkpraktyke. 'n Pro-transformasie evalueerings metode is opgestel om te help met die besluitneming of daar voortgegaan moet word met transformasie in 'n onderneming, en indien wel, watter tipe metedologie gebruik moet word en wat die omvang van transformasie moet wees. Toepassings van beide metedologië is gedoen. Die Transformeer Onderneming Metedologie is toegepas op 'n klein vervaardiger van mikrogolf komponente vir die elektroniese oorlog industrie, en die Meester Plan metedologie is toegepas op a besigheids eenheid wat spesialiseer in pas komponent vervaardiging.
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Gromov, Nikolay. "Transformation catalytique de la cellulose en milieu aqueux pour la production de molécules plateformes." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0156/document.
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Ce projet de thèse a concerné la recherche et le développement de catalyseurs multifonctionnels efficaces et de procédés catalytiques en une étape (hydrolyse-déshydratation, hydrolyse-oxydation) pour la transformation de la cellulose en produits chimiques à valeur ajoutée (glucose, 5-HMF, acide formique). Ces produits sont également connus sous le nom de molécules plateformes et ils présentent un intérêt dans une large gamme d'applications, par exemple, pour les industries alimentaires et chimiques et pour la production de carburants. Dans ce projet, des recherches systématiques sur la synthèse de l'acide formique en présence de catalyseurs HPA contenant du vanadium ont d'abord été conduites. En particulier, l'influence de la composition du catalyseur et des paramètres du procédé sur le rendement en produit cible a été étudiée. Le rendement en AF obtenu (66%) est supérieur à tous les résultats rapportés dans la littérature à ce jour. Les catalyseurs NbOx / ZrO2 ont été évalués pour la première fois sur la réaction d'hydrolyse-déshydratation de la cellulose microcristalline activée en milieu aqueux. Des rendements élevés en glucose et en 5-HMF (22 et 16%, respectivement) ont été observés. Des catalyseurs carbonés à base du matériau Sibunit modifié ont été utilisés pour la première fois pour l'hydrolyse-déshydratation de la cellulose. Les rendements en glucose (jusqu'à 74% dans un réacteur en continu) et en 5-HMF (jusqu'à 21% dans un réacteur statique) ont été obtenus en présence de Sibunit modifié par sulfonation et / ou oxydation. Ces résultats sont également supérieurs à ceux reportés à ce jour sur les systèmes catalytiques carbonés. La relation entre l'activité sur les réactions d’hydrolyse-déshydratation et la méthode d'activation du carbone a été étudiée en profondeur. L'étude du mécanisme et de la cinétique de la réaction d'hydrolyse-déshydratation de la cellulose en présence de catalyseurs acides solides a également été réaliséeThe PhD project was devoted to search for and to develop effective multifunctional catalysts and catalytic one-stage processes (hydrolysis-dehydration, hydrolysis-oxidation) for transformation of cellulose to valuable chemicals (glucose, 5-HMF, formic acid). These products are also known as platform molecules and they seem to be promising for a wide range of application in food and chemical industries and for fuel production. In this project, systematic investigations of the formic acid synthesis in the presence of vanadium-containing HPA catalysts was first conducted; the influence of the catalyst composition and process parameters on the yield of the target product was studied. The obtained FA yield (66 %) was superior to all the results reported in literature. The NbOx/ZrO2 catalysts were applied for the first time for hydrolysis-dehydration of activated microcrystalline cellulose in pure water. High yields of glucose and 5-HMF (22 and 16 %, respectively) were observed. Carbon catalysts based on modified Sibunit material was used for the first time for cellulose hydrolysis-dehydration. The yields of glucose (up to 74 % in a flow reactor) and 5-HMF (up to 21 % in a static reactor) were obtained in the presence of Sibunit modified by sulfation and/or oxidation; these are much superior to the results on carbon catalytic systems reported in literature. The relation between the activity to hydrolysis-dehydration and the method of the carbon activation was thoroughly studied. Investigations of the mechanism and kinetics of cellulose hydrolysis-dehydration in the presence of solid acid catalysts were also carried out
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Sheng, Yongwei Will 1967. "Ultrafine ferrite production in low carbon steel by means of dynamic strain-induced transformation." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79260.
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Ferrite grain refinement is one of the best methods to improve the mechanical properties of low carbon steels.The present work is a continuation of this past research and was conducted using a torsion machine. The aim was to improve the understanding of the strain levels and deformation temperatures required for UFF formation, as well as the influence of silicon addition. Two steels were studied: a low silicon (LSi) steel containing 0.09% C-0.02%Si-1.3%Mn-0.07%Al-0.036%Nb and a high silicon (HSi) steel containing 0.09%C-0.48%Si-1.2%Mn-0.02%Al-0.038%Nb. In the hot torsion tests, both steels were deformed to 5 true strain levels: 2, 2.5, 3.2, 3.5 and 4 at a strain rate of 3/s. The Ar3 temperatures for the two steels were measured as 758°C for LSi and 776°C for HSi. It was found that at a strain level of 4 or above, UFF was formed. The optimum deformation temperature was just above the Ar3 and the higher the strain, the finer the ferrite grain size achieved. The results indicated that silicon addition impedes ferrite grain size refinement.
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Sonmez, Abdulkerim. "Peasant household survival strategies : rural transformation in the heartland of Turkey's hazelnut production belt." Thesis, Durham University, 1993. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5616/.
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This study analyses the dynamics of persistence of the peasantry in a capitalist social formation through a case study of a village (Kayadibi) of hazelnut producers in the Central Black Sea region of Turkey. In the analysis the peasant household is given analytical priority as it is seen to be the single most important social institution through which the peasantry interacts, condition and is conditioned by the wider social, economic and political structures. Within such an analytical framework, this study concentrates on three areas of inquiry concerning the dynamics of survival of peasant modes. This is carried out in the context of the process of rural socio-economic transformation which took place under the impact of capitalism and with the start of hazelnut production for the world market in the early nineteenth century. These are: (1) the historical and contingent factors which contributed to the emergence and decline of big land- ownership and the new forms of development of capitalism in agriculture; (2) the areas of disputes and clashes of interests between the peasantry, the state and the merchants concerning the actual form of organization of the commodity and credit markets and further development or restriction of hazelnut production in the country; and (3) the patterns and mechanisms which enable the peasant households to have continuous access to land, labour and credit. The thesis arrives at the conclusion that the key to the persistence of the peasantry, as a property-owning social category of the society in a capitalist formation, is its strategy of diversifying its sources of income in order to decrease the degree of its dependency on land-bound agricultural production. This is combined with the strategy of consolidating its savings in the means of production in its own possession instead of using them to improve its standards of living and consumption.
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Tangphatsornruang, Sithichoke. "Chloroplast transformation : studies on plastid gene expression and production of viral antigens in tobacco." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615922.
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Inersjö, Adam. "Transformation of Time-based Sensor Data to Material Quality Data in Stainless Steel Production." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414802.
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Quality assurance in the stainless steel production requires large amounts of sensor data to monitor the processing steps. Digitalisation of the production would allow higher levels of control to both evaluate and increase the quality of the end products. At Outokumpu Avesta Works, continuous processing of coils creates sensor data without connecting it to individual steel coils, a connection needed to achieve the promises of digitalisation. In this project, the time series data generated from 12 sensors in the continuous processing was analysed and four alternative methods to connect the data to coils were presented. A method based on positional time series was deemed the most suitable for the data and was selected for implementation over other methods that would apply time series analysis on the sensor data itself. Evaluations of the selected method showed that it was able to connect sensor data to 98.10 % of coils, just short of reaching the accuracy requirement of 99 %. Because the overhead of creating the positional time series was constant regardless of the number of sensors, the performance per sensor improved with increased number of sensors. The median processing time for 24 hours of sensor data was less than 20 seconds per sensor when batch processing eight or more sensors. The performance for processing fewer than four sensors was not as good, requiring further optimization to reach the requirement of 30 seconds per sensor. Although the requirements were not completely fulfilled, the implemented method can still be used on historical production data to facilitate further quality estimation of stainless steel coilsKvalitetssäkring av rostfritt stål produktion kräver stora mängder av sensordata för att övervaka processtegen. Digitalisering av produktionen skulle ge större kontroll för att både bedöma och öka kvaliteten på slutprodukterna. Vid Outokumpu Avesta Works skapas sensordata vid kontinuerlig bearbetning av stålband utan att datan sammankopplas till enskilda band, trots att denna sammankoppling krävs för att uppnå löftena som digitaliseringens ger. I detta projekt analyserades tidsseriedata från 12 sensorer vid den kontinuerliga bearbetningen av band och fyra alternativa metoder för att sammankoppla sensordatan till stålband presenterades. En metod som byggde på tidsserier med positionsvärden bedömdes vara mest passande för sensordatan och valdes för implementation över andra metoder som byggde på tidsserieanalys av själva sensordatan. Evaluering av den valda metoden visade att den kunde sammankoppla sensordata till 98.10 % av ståldbanden, något lägre än kravet på 99 % korrekthet. På grund av att skapandet av tidsserierna med positionsvärden tog lika lång tid oberoende av antalet sensorer så förbättrades bearbetningstiden desto fler sensorer som bearbetades. För bearbetning av 24 timmar av sensordata låg median bearbetningstiden på mindre än 20 sekunder per sensor när åtta eller fler sensorer bearbetades tillsammans. Prestandan för bearbetning av färre än fyra sensorer var inte lilka bra och kräver ytterliga optimering för att nå kravet på 30 sekunder per sensor. Fastän kraven på metoden inte uppnåddes till fullo kan den implementerade metoden ändå användas på historisk data för att främja kvalitetsbedömning av rostfria stålband.
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Collins, Alan, Alessio Ishizaka, and Jeanette D. Snowball. "Film production incentives, employment transformation and domestic expenditure in South Africa: visualizing subsidy effectiveness." Taylor & Francis Group, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/67456.
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Publisher versionIn 2004 the South African Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) introduced a Film and Television Production Rebate Programme. In order to qualify for the rebate, certain criteria have to be met including success in job creation and skills development within the industry, alongside a particular focus on the percentage of ‘historically disadvantaged individuals’ employed. This study sets out the issues associated with evaluating success in meeting these various criteria and is, to the best of our knowledge, the first study to apply multi-criteria visualization techniques to inform the evaluation of public subsidy effectiveness. The ‘PROMETHEE’ method is applied and apart from presenting project performance in a visually intuitive manner, the approach helps to clarify patterns of relative success, show where policy objectives are competing, and to identify project exemplars for more efficiently guiding future public support in the sector.
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Kasap, Hatice. "Carbon nitride for solar H2 production coupled to organic chemical transformations." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/289454.
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Artificial photosynthesis utilises solar-light for clean fuel H2 production and is emerging as a potential solution for renewable energy generation. Photocatalytic systems that combine a light harvester and catalysts in one-pot reactor are promising strategies towards this direction. Yet, most of the reported systems function by consuming excess amount of expensive sacrificial reagents, preventing commercial development. In this thesis, carbon nitrides (CNx) have been selected as non-toxic, stable and low-cost photocatalysts. CNx are first introduced as efficient light harvesters, to couple alcohol oxidation with proton reduction, in the presence of a Ni-based molecular catalyst. This system operated in a single compartment while the oxidation and reduction products were collected in the solution and gaseous phases, respectively, demonstrating a closed redox system. In the presence of an organic substrate and absence of a proton reduction catalyst, photoexcited CNx was found to accumulate long-lived "trapped-electrons", which enables decoupling oxidation and reduction reactions temporarily and spatially. This allows solar H2 generation in the dark, following light exposure, replication light and dark cycle of natural photosynthesis in an artificial set-up. The stability of the designed system was found to be limited by the Ni-based molecular catalyst, and the spectroscopic studies revealed electron transfer from CNx to catalyst as the kinetic bottleneck. Graphene based conductive scaffolds were introduced to the CNx-Ni system, to accelerate the rate of electron transfer from CNx to the Ni catalyst. Time-resolved spectroscopic techniques revealed that introducing these conductive binders enabled better electronic communication between CNx and Ni, resulting in significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity. To improve the solar-light utilisation and the photocatalytic performance of bulk CNx, a straightforward ultra-sonication approach was introduced. This pre-treatment was found to break aggregates of bulk CNx, and the resulting activated CNx had significantly improved activity. The activated CNx showed record activities per gram of the material used, for H2 evolution with a molecular Ni catalyst. The use of abundant waste sources instead of organic substrates was investigated in the presence of activated CNx. The system demonstrated to photoreform purified and raw lignocellulose samples into H2 in the presence of various H2 evolution catalysts over a wide range of pH.
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Vesterlund, Mattias. "District heating system analysis and challenges within the urban transformation of Kiruna." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Energivetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-63091.
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There is currently an ongoing urban transformation in a small Swedish town named Kiruna, it is located in the very north of Sweden well above the Arctic Circle in a sub-arctic climate. Large part of the town will be relocated due to the ground deformation that is caused by the progressing iron ore mining activity and it is affecting all infrastructures of the town. This thesis aims to accomplish a holistic analysis on the district heating (DH) system for the town of Kiruna and its future challenges. Energy companies with a DH system recognize the importance in having a good understanding about the network characteristics, for obtaining an efficient and stabile heat delivery to the end-users. In this thesis, a method for modeling and simulation of meshed DH networks is described, that makes it possible to study and analyze the flow pattern in order to locate non-obvious paths, bottlenecks and overloaded pipes. For carrying out the DH simulations a fundamental input is to set the thermal losses for each pipe segment in the model, a fictitious series with all pipe diameters is created which corresponds to the annual losses in the real network. In comparison with the pipes series manufactured today the created one is best described by the series with least insulation and highest thermal losses. The studied network has its origin in the 60th and is the sum of the different piping technics that has been valid over time, this mixture is positioning the thermal performance as a close to a worst-case scenario. To the meshed DH network a number of heat production sites are connected for delivering the thermal requested by the end-users, each site consisting of several boilers and using different resources. A hybrid evolutionary-Mixed Integer Linear Programing (MILP) optimization approach is developed and applied for finding the cost-optimal heat production for three scenarios in combination of two heating demand levels. It is stated that no matter the geographically location of the site the cheapest resource should always be favorable as fuel, in the case when the same resource is viable at different sites a differentiated heat production is obtained. The supply temperature from each site is found to be the one lowest possible in order to serve all site-concerned end-users with a temperature level high enough for hot water production. The findings recommend a network temperatures reduction with the consequence in higher cost related to pumping work, but is lower than the savings due to the reduction in thermal losses. In order to provide the relocated part of the town with DH the hybrid evolutionary-MILP optimization routine is reshaped for finding different alternatives for network expansion layouts. The result is presented as a multi objective analysis between the operation cost and installation cost, showing the complete spectra of all optimal possible solutions and how the different cost correlate to each other. In this way, the outcome can be used for support in decision making, helping network owners is their planning and pipe sizing for new areas. For constructing the buildings that will populate the new city-area the Swedish government has stated a number of recommendations for achieving livable thermal indoor climate. An investigation is carried out analyzing the impact from the usage of three different heating system; air/air heat pump, air heating and floor heating in a low energy family house, where the first two system are aimed to use heat from the DH network. The analysis show that only the floor heating system satisfies the recommendations stated, but with carefully planning an air heating system could also fulfill the recommendations. Further, a techno-economical evaluation declares that the cheapest heating cost over 30 years is by using an air/air heat pump. In order to make DH competitive as heating source the needed price reduction is found for the hydronic floor and air heating system. Finally, three different building energy performance scenarios are studied in conjunction with the urban transformation in combination with the suggested energy measures from the Energy Performance certificates (EPC). In order to reach the national target entailing a reduction of 50% until 2050 all re-built buildings have to be built with passive standard and all advised measures in the EPC has to be carried out. Wort noticing is that the scenarios is analyzed as part of a 3-D City Model, which is found to be a worthwhile working tool for staff dealing with energy related issues.
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Stenfeldt, Alexander, and Jens Brauer. "Strategy for digital transformation that supports manufacturing business value." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-53048.
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The emergence of new digital technologies and their potential strategic contribution is currently one of the most prominent concerns for organizations. Despite the opportunity brought on by modern digital technology, an estimated 66-84% of digital transformation projects end up failing. Therefore, a research question was formulated as; How to formulate a strategy for digital transformation that supports manufacturing business value? An abductive research approach was utilized to reach two main research objectives; Creating a description of how the current and future digital landscape is understood and creating a description of how digital transformation can be constructed and what strategies and/or strategical elements exist within that construct. Furthermore, one manufacturing case company within the automotive industry and specifically its formal initiative and efforts to conduct a digital transformation were examined. By creating this comprehensive context, it was believed that existing knowledge could be solidified, and new knowledge could be created to answer the research question. Scattered and diverse findings regarding a multitude of elements are presented in the frame of reference, in order to build a strong basis for analysis. Distinguished levels of conceptual strategies within the construct of digital transformation are recognized as “Digital Business Strategy” and “Digital Transformation Strategy”. An empirical study is presented that examines present elements such as a conceptual roadmap, task teams, and an overall description of a formal initiative towards digital transformation, as well as how these elements are interpreted and understood by leaders within the organization. The analysis consists of a comparison between the presented literature and the empirical findings. This is viewed through the lens of the research objectives in order to show commonalities and differences between the literature and the case company, and to corroborate findings. Most prominent is the absence of a digital business strategy at the case company in contrast to the expressed necessity for one in the literature. In a presented discussion, strategy as a linkage between business value and digital transformation is argued to be direct through a digital business strategy. The answer to the stated research question is that digital transformation and strategy formulation can not be understood as a linear, but rather an iterative and evolving process involving building an absorptive capacity, assessing maturity, formulating a digital business strategy, and creating a roadmap and a digital transformation strategy that support the digital business strategy and the maturity level. Conclusively, the findings of this report are corroborated by each other but lack empirical evidence as to the meaning of being successful and valuable manufacturing business in the setting of the fourth industrial revolution is yet unknown. However, practitioners are encouraged to employ a conscious business model perspective, while researchers are discouraged of thinking about digital transformation as a linear and sequential process.
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Pinard, Émilie. "«Construire son futur» : production de l'habitation et transformation des rapports de genre à Pikine, Sénégal." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25529.
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Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdorales, 2014-2015Cette thèse porte sur la production de l’habitation des quartiers informels et sur sa participation dans le processus d’autonomisation des femmes sénégalaises. Elle documente les acteurs, normes et pratiques impliqués dans la construction résidentielle, par l’étude des cas de dix-sept femmes propriétaires et de leur maison dans quatre quartiers de Pikine, en périphérie de Dakar. Supportée par un cadre théorique qui permet de concevoir l’habitation comme un processus dynamique et multidimensionnel, cette étude met en lumière les rapports sociaux développés autour de la mobilisation des ressources pour construire et de la transformation de la forme bâtie. L’approche méthodologique combine des entretiens narratifs avec les propriétaires sur des séquences de vie et l’histoire de leur maison, des relevés architecturaux, des entretiens avec des intervenants locaux et une enquête sur la population et les habitations des quartiers étudiés. Une attention particulière est portée aux moyens individuels et collectifs déployés par les femmes pour la production de leur habitation, afin d’en éclairer les possibilités et contraintes pour la transformation des rapports de genre et l’autonomisation. La thèse montre que les femmes doivent s’appuyer sur divers réseaux pour mobiliser les ressources pour construire, tout en s’assurant de sécuriser celles-ci pour protéger, à long terme, les possibilités qu’elles ont créées pour elle-même et leur famille et, par le fait même, négocier ou transformer les normes sociales qui les désavantagent. Dans ce processus, l’espace résidentiel devient pour les propriétaires un médium des rapports aux autres et peut contribuer au maintien ou à la perte de cet équilibre entre l’accès à de nouvelles ressources et la sécurisation des acquis. Cette étude remet ainsi en question les interprétations, à la base de nombreux écrits et politiques de logement, sur la nature spontanée des quartiers informels et sur les principaux objectifs associés à la construction dans ce contexte. Pour les femmes propriétaires, le processus de production en lui-même représente une voie vers de nouvelles possibilités sociales et économiques porteuses d’une plus grande sécurité et d’une autonomie; pour « construire son futur », transformer activement sa maison est donc souvent plus important que l’obtention d’un bâtiment fini.
This thesis examines informal housing production and its contribution to the empowerment of Senegalese women. It documents the everyday practices, norms and social relationships involved in the construction of houses “from below”, through a detailed analysis of women owners and their houses in four unplanned neighbourhoods of Pikine, in the periphery of Dakar. Considering housing as a dynamic and multidimensional process, this study sheds light on people’s interactions over resource transactions and space, while paying attention to negotiations and inequalities associated with these processes and their consequences for daily life in the city. It describes the strategies through which women owners produce their house and secure a place for themselves and their family in the urban agglomeration, and the spatial and social consequences of these processes. In-depth interviews and life stories with women owners and their families were conducted in combination with architectural surveys of their houses, interviews with key actors involved in land subdivision and housing production, and surveys on land transaction and housing conditions. The thesis shows that women need to draw on a wide range of networks to access resources and at the same time continually negotiate and protect the space of opportunity they have created for themselves; in doing so, they resist and transform social and spatial norms. These results question the usual interpretation according to which obtaining a finished house is the main objective of house construction: for women, the production process itself represents a path towards greater security, but also towards an array of new social and economic possibilities, that are often more significant than the (sometimes never reached) final result.
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Delamare-Calot, Agnès. "Approches méthodologique d'amélioration des performances des systèmes de production de la seconde transformation du bois." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10120.
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Les marchés industriels évoluent vers la personnalisation de la production et la nécessite de diminuer les coûts de production. Le but des entreprises est de répondre aux demandes des clients dans les temps et à des prix compétitifs. Notre travail a consisté à mettre au point une méthodologie d'analyse des systèmes de production dans le but d'améliorer leurs performances. Pour cela, nous avons proposé l'utilisation combinée de techniques comme la simulation de processus, la méthode des plans d'expériences et des mthodes d'analyse de donnees. Nous avons formalise et structure la simulation de processus en developpant ses phases les moins etudiees: analyse des données et exploitation des résultats. Cette méthodologie a été, ensuite, mise en application pour aider des entreprises de l'ameublement et des menuiseries industrielles à concevoir et à réorganiser leur atelierThe industrial markets evolve to the personnalization of the production and the need of reducing the production costs. The aim of firms is to satisfy the custom demands in time and at competitive prices. Our work consisted in setting a methodology of production systems' analysis aiming to improve their performances. In this context, we have proposed to use the combination of technics as process simulation, method of experimental designs and data analysis methods. We have deepened process simulation in the steps which have been less studied : data analysis and results exploitation. This methodology has been, next, implemented to help the furniture and joinery firms on designing their workshop
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Saner, Mehmet. "The Transformation Of Old Industrial District Of Ankara And Political Actors." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605110/index.pdf.
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This thesis is a monographic study to examine the transformation of the old industrial district of Ankara, which is yet incomplete. Investigating the significant reasons for its incompleteness, the study will concentrate on the intrinsic dynamics of this process, and particularly on such important contributions of its political actors. The aims of the study are to figure out the roles of political actors in urban transformations, and to evaluate the position of architectural production within such processes. As a consequence of this evaluation, the possible approaches for the similar forthcoming urban transformations will be questioned, with special reference to the political framework and the position of architectural production within the same framework.
Maltepe developed as an industrial district since the end of the 19th Century, and served with the same function during the Republican period, until the 1950s when there were necessities and requirements for transformation. The transformation of the district occurred as two distinct processes on industrial production and industrial service areas. The industrial production area remained partially transformed, as a result of resistance mechanisms generated by the unavoidable practical difficulties. The transformation of the industrial service area remained incomplete as a result of varying design decisions at different periods. In general, the incompleteness of the transformation of the old industrial district was reasoned by either the incapability of political actors, or by the confrontations between them.
The architectural production in this transformation was defined by the political actors, whose positions were characterized by such circumstances, within which the transformation occurred. Since the circumstances are different in any case, any urban transformation has different intrinsic dynamics and peculiarities in itself. Therefore, rather than approaching the issue of transformation with general policies, the strategies must be developed for each specific case. These strategies would also include the political actors, and the architects who participate in the formation of those political actors.
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McElgunn, Hannah. "The discursive (re)production and transformation of social life at the occupy wall street general assembly." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=107912.
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This study focuses on a consensus-based deliberative practice, known as the New York City General Assembly (NYCGA). This practice, built on the values of inclusivity and equality of voice, is a key component of the Occupy Wall Street (OWS) protest. While political commentators have criticized the protest's lack of a singular demand, such a critique ignores the matrix of values and interactional norms that underlie communicative events occurring at the OWS camp, particularly the NYCGA. Consequently, this critique risks overlooking the ways in which the NYCGA produces, reinforces, and potentially transforms social relationships and sociocultural subjects, both within the real-time of the assembly and beyond. To investigate these processes of (re)production and transformation of social life, I conduct a linguistic analysis of two different aspects of the NYCGA. Firstly, I analyze the textual archive of the NYCGA that comprises (1) written documents passed through the consensus process, and (2) how-to guides and minutes produced about the consensus process. Secondly, I analyze performances of this discursive practice reconstructed through minutes and video footage. I suggest the NYCGA is a pedagogic ritual that equips participants to disrupt, or more ideally transform, ongoing discursive interactions by recontextualizing them and thus shifting their norms and attendant values.Cette étude porte sur l'Assemblée Générale de la Ville de New York (AGNY), une pratique délibérative basée sur le consensus. Cette pratique, qui épouse les valeurs d'inclusion et d'égalité, est au coeur des manifestations des indignés de « Occupy Wall Street ». La critique de cette pratique générée par des commentateurs politiques et selon laquelle celle-ci ne fabriquerait pas de demande singulière néglige cependant la matrice de valeurs et de normes sociales qui sous-tend tout événement communicatif, tels que l'AGNY. Par conséquent, le risque de cette critique est qu'elle ignore les façons dont l'AGNY construit, soutient et potentiellement transforme les relations sociales ainsi que leurs sujets socioculturels, et ce non seulement pendant, mais également au-delà des assemblées. Afin d'explorer ces processus de (re)production et de transformation de la vie sociale, cette étude propose une analyse linguistique de l'AGNY en deux parties : dans un premier temps, un examen des archives textuelles de l'AGNY (composées des documents écrits retenus par l'assemblée par voie de consensus, et des guides pratiques et des compte-rendus qui décrivent ces assemblées) et dans un deuxième temps, une analyse du déroulement de l'AGNY au travers de ses comptes-rendus et de ses enregistrements vidéo. Ces analyses démontrent que l'AGNY est un rituel pédagogique qui apprend à ces participants à intervenir (par voies d'interruptions ou plus idéalement, de transformations) au cours de discours interactifs, modifiant, par un processus de recontextualisation, les normes et les valeurs de ces discours.
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Vera, García Jorge. "Global challenge to local production systems : the transformation of Mexican clusters after the opening to trade." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2006. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2139/.
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In recent years the world has gone through significant changes in terms of trade liberalisation, globalisation of industry and economic integration between different types of countries. The global context calls for new arrangements of industry, leading to an adjustment in the regions where production actually takes place. In this context, local productions systems (LPSs) need to adapt to the change in trade regimes. The challenge appears bigger for less developed countries, which in many cases have relied on productive structures of import substitution industrialisation (ISI). This thesis studies different types of clusters in Mexico after trade liberalisation and economic integration. The main aim of this thesis is to examine the capacity of different LPSs to adapt and learn in conditions of higher competition. Using empirical evidence, three clusters specialised in clothing production that originally shared similarities during ISI but that then followed different forms of organisation and trajectories during the open economy were assessed using both the flexible industrial district and value chain approaches. Industrial organisation and linkages are traced to identify to what extent LPSs have improved or weakened in the open economy in comparison to the ISI times. The research found that LPSs that have restructured their production towards international production systems have not only survived the change in trade regime but have also benefited from the new context. They have adjusted their industrial organisation, upgraded knowledge and strengthened their LPSs, leading to greater local spillovers. Foreign partners have been crucial for product and process upgrading in the export-oriented LPSs, and notably NAFTA reduced and eliminated trade and production barriers, thereby permitting functional upgrading. In contrast, nationally-oriented LPSs have not adapted their organisation and production practices and lack internationalisation, strong linkages and innovation. This kind of cluster stays in the same traditional platform and is unable to upgrade and benefit from the new environment. Results suggest the rising of new, stronger and more competitive LPSs under a new trade regime.
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Moss, Stephanie. "Transformation of Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense by Rhizobium rhizogenes: Hairy root induction and gossypol production." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2006. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/496.
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Gossypol and its methylated derivatives are produced in the leaves, seeds, stems, and roots of cotton plants. Although gossypol is toxic to many animals, other uses for gossypol are actively being investigated. To develop an experimental model for gossypol biosynthesis, a project to produce hairy root cultures from cotton was initiated. Hairy root cultures from two cotton species, Gossypium hirsutum (DPL 90) and Gossypium barbadense (Sea Island) were developed in this study. Gossypol was synthesized and retained by hairy root tissue at levels similar to that found in cottonseed. Cultures originating from a single transformation event were more similar in their gossypol levels than cultures originating from different transformation events. The effects of media composition, temperature, and addition of elicitors and a signal transducer on culture growth rate and gossypol content were also monitored. The hairy root culture system developed by this project is a suitable model for studying gossypol biosynthesis and nematode resistance.
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PHILIPPOT, JEAN-BAPTISTE. "Strategies des entreprises de transformation et contingentement d'un facteur de production - le cas de l'industrie laitiere -." Angers, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ANGE0008.
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Dans une contribution a l'analyse des effets economiques d'une politique de regulation de l'offre par application de quotas, nos recherches en economie industrielles s'interessent specifiquement a l'industrie de transformation dont le droit d'approvisionnement est limite. La these defendue consiste a montrer, a partir de trois arguments majeurs, que le contingentement d'un facteur de production ne fige pas l'industrie : - il ne bloque pas la dynamique industrielle, mais avive la concurrence - il n'induit pas d'adaptation strategique uniforme ( par exemple la diversification), mais autorise une diversite de comportements de la part des firmes - il ne provoque pas de rupture fondamentale, mais incite les entreprises a consolider leur trajectoire strategique. A partir du cas de l'industrie laitiere de l'ouest de la france considere comme champ d'application, a pu etre mise en evidence l'existence de trois trajectoires strategiques distinctes (domination par les couts et restructuration focalisation regionale et diversification recentrage et differenciation). Dans le prolongement des travaux de porter, nous avons tente de montrer combien l'analyse de la concurrence etait enrichie par une segmentation de l'offre en groupes strategiques, elabores avec le recours aux methodes d'analyse multidimentionnellesTo contribute to the analysis of the economic results obtained by a policy of input quotas regulation, our industrial economic research concentrate on converting-process enterprises for wich a supply right is under limitation. The thesis being depended here, on the basis of three major arguments will present the statement that the limitation of a production input does not immobilize industry - it does not hold back industrial motion ability but exerts a stronger competition. - it does not bring about a single strategic way of adaptation (diverting activities for instance) but the enterprises are allowed for behaviors of a large diversity. - it does not procedure basic turn-about but drive the enterprises to reinforce their strategic trajectory. From the situation of the western france dairy industry taken as our application sphere, evidence has been pointed out of three strategic trajectories existing by themselves : costs supremacy and mergers - concentrated efforts on a local market and diversionconcentration and differenciation. As a continuity to porter's work, we tried to demonstrate how competition analysis was valued by the segmentation of the offer into strategic groups worked out by means of multidimensional analysis
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Haghshenas, Nima. "Agile transformation, from classical- to agile project management in a multidisciplinary production environment, a case study." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Handelshögskolan (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-84665.
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The increase for project efficiency has led to some businesses adopting the agile project management model. This research project has studied how a project-oriented manufacturing company has introduced the agile model in its Research & Development organization. The report here is based on qualitative analysis of 9 interviews with respondents and intends to evaluate how far the agile transformation in the Research & Development organization has progressed. The report further aims to describe how the respondents have perceived and have been affected by the agile transformation. The respondents in this study have been working as developers and have experienced the agile transformation in the organization from day one. The respondents´ experiences have been analyzed using Self-Determination Theory and the mediating role of psychological safety. Furthermore, previous studies on project transition and agile transformation have been used in the analysis. This research study has also sought to learn how the temporary organization has introduced internal improvements in its organization through the introduction of the agile model.
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Holade, Yaovi. "Transformation électrocatalytique de sucres couplée à la réduction enzymatique de l'oxygène moléculaire pour la production d'énergie." Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT2262/document.
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Le développement de générateurs d'énergie pour alimenter des micro-appareils électroniques implantés est devenu une option inéluctable. L'objectif général qui a orienté ces recherches était l'élaboration et les études approfondies des propriétés nanomatériaux métalliques utilisables comme électrocatalyseurs afin de convertir l'énergie chimique en énergie électrique. Les nanomatériaux sont obtenus par la méthode de synthèse : Bromide Anion Exchange (BAE) qui a été scrupuleusement revisitée puis optimisée avec un agent réducteur faible (AA) et fort (NaBH4). Cette voie de synthèse a permis d'obtenir (rendement ≥ 90 %) des matériaux plurimétalliques composés d'or, de platine et de palladium. Un prétraitement des supports commerciaux des nanoparticules a permis d’augmenter leurs surfaces, spécifique et active respectivement de 48 et 120 %. Les études (électro)analytiques ont permis d'identifier les intermédiaires et produits de réaction du combustible. Le glucose s'oxyde sans rupture de la liaison C-C pour donner majoritairement du gluconate avec une sélectivité ≥ 88 %. Les tests réalisés en biopile hybride (cathode enzymatique) indiquent que les catalyseurs Au/C-AA et Au60Pt40/C-NaBH4 sont les meilleures anodes abiotiques (Pmax = 125 µW·cm-2 à 0,4 V). Par ailleurs, les piles sans membrane séparatrice et sans enzyme ont été réalisées avec succès pour activer un stimulateur cardiaque et un système de transmission d'information en mode "Wifi". Ces dispositifs, rapportés pour la première fois, ouvrent une ère nouvelle pour la conception de convertisseurs d'énergie pour alimenter les implants médicaux ou des appareils sans fil de détection et de surveillanceThe development of energy converters to power implanted micro-electronic devices has become a cornerstone item. The whole target which has governed this research was the design of advanced nanostructures metals used as electrocatalysts for converting chemical energy into electrical one. These nanomaterials were obtained by the synthesis method: Bromide Anion Exchange (BAE) that has been carefully revisited and optimized, using a weak reducing agent (AA) and strong one (NaBH4). It allowed to prepare efficiently various plurimetallic nanomaterials composed of gold, platinum and palladium (yield ≥ 90%). A thermal pretreatment of commercial carbon supports of nanoparticles has highly boosted their specific and active surface areas with a gain of 48 and 120%. Based on in situ and ex-situ (electro)analytical methods, the intermediates and final reaction products of the fuel oxidation were identified. Glucose electrooxidation occurs without C-C bond cleavage and gives predominantly gluconate with a selectivity ≥ 88 %. Results from the hybrid biofuel cell tests (with an enzyme as cathode catalyst) indicate that Au/C-AA and Au60Pt40/C-NaBH4 are the best abiotic anodes (Pmax = 125 µW cm-2 at 0.4 V cell voltage). A fuel cell without separating membrane and enzyme has been successfully constructed and used to activate a pacemaker and an information transmission system based on "wireless" mode. These last experiments, reported for the first time as using nanomaterials in membrane-less configuration, open a new approach in the design of advanced energy converters to power medical implants or remote systems for detection and electronic monitoring
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Geryville, Mohammed Hichem Bouras Abdelaziz Nikolaos Sapidis. "Une architecture d'échange et de partage d'information produit transformation et adaptation des connaissances dans un contexte d'entreprise étendue /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2008/geryville_mh.
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Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Informatique : Lyon 2 : 2008. Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Informatique : Université de l'Egée : 2008.Thèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr.
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Yeung, Lisa Wing-tsui. "Public discourses, social identities and political realities : the production of discursive space in decolonising Hong Kong." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390823.
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Mirzaei, Pedram. "LEAN PRODUCTION: INTRODUCTION AND IMPLEMENTATION BARRIERS WITH SMEs IN SWEDEN." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Industriell organisation och produktion, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-14892.
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This research is a cross sectional study which is conducted as an email survey. Accordingly, 22 companies have been surveyed to investigate the tendency and barriers for SMEs in Sweden regarding implementation of lean production. For that, barriers are categorized into two categories. The first category includes the ones which prevent SMEs from starting lean production (introduction barriers). The second category encompasses the ones which SMEs face while they are implementing lean production (implementation barriers). Moreover, to obtain a better view about problematic areas in lean transformation for SMEs, improvements and achievements of the investigated companies in their lean implementation processes have been assessed. However, it was not a detailed or in depth analysis, since the main purpose of this research was not to assess SMEs progress, rather it was to identify the hindrances in SMEs’ path to become lean. The results from this survey showed that most of the lean principles are applicable in SMEs. However, SMEs have problem with lack of time, management support, finance, resistance to change, change process, and training. In addition lack of skilled employees for implementation of lean production was found as the biggest introduction barrier for SMEs. Moreover, the result of this research shows that small companies do not show tendency to implement lean production.
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Oey, Melanie. "Chloroplasts as bioreactors : high-yield production of active bacteriolytic protein antibiotics." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/2895/.
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Plants, more precisely their chloroplasts with their bacterial-like expression machinery inherited from their cyanobacterial ancestors, can potentially offer a cheap expression system for proteinaceous pharmaceuticals. This system would be easily scalable and provides appropriate safety due to chloroplasts maternal inheritance. In this work, it was shown that three phage lytic enzymes (Pal, Cpl-1 and PlyGBS) could be successfully expressed at very high levels and with high stability in tobacco chloroplasts. PlyGBS expression reached an amount of foreign protein accumulation (> 70% TSP) that has never been obtained before. Although the high expression levels of PlyGBS caused a pale green phenotype with retarded growth, presumably due to exhaustion of plastid protein synthesis capacity, development and seed production were not impaired under greenhouse conditions.
Since Pal and Cpl-1 showed toxic effects when expressed in E. coli, a special plastid transformation vector (pTox) was constructed to allow DNA amplification in bacteria. The construction of the pTox transformation vector allowing a recombinase-mediated deletion of an E. coli transcription block in the chloroplast, leading to an increase of foreign protein accumulation to up to 40% of TSP for Pal and 20% of TSP for Cpl-1. High dose-dependent bactericidal efficiency was shown for all three plant-derived lytic enzymes using their pathogenic target bacteria S. pyogenes and S. pneumoniae. Confirmation of specificity was obtained for the endotoxic proteins Pal and Cpl-1 by application to E. coli cultures. These results establish tobacco chloroplasts as a new cost-efficient and convenient production platform for phage lytic enzymes and address the greatest obstacle for clinical application. The present study is the first report of lysin production in a non-bacterial system. The properties of chloroplast-produced lysins described in this work, their stability, high accumulation rate and biological activity make them highly attractive candidates for future antibiotics.Lytische Enzyme aus Bakteriophagen bieten Eigenschaften, die sie zu vielversprechenden Medikamenten im Einsatz gegen bakterielle Krankheiten machen. Obwohl sie speziell beim Einsatz gegen bakterielle Infektionen, welche durch Antibiotika resistente Erreger hervorgerufen werden, eine maßgebende Rolle spielen könnten, waren bisher die hohen Produktionskosten ein Hindernis für die medizinische Anwendung. Ein kostengünstiges und einfach zu handhabendes System, wie beispielsweise Chloroplasten in Pflanzen, würde diese lytischen Enzyme zu einer effizienten Alternative zu herkömmlichen Antibiotika machen. In dieser Arbeit wird erstmals die erfolgreiche Produktion von lytischen Enzymen in Tabak-Chloroplasten vorgestellt, welche mit einem Fremdproteingehalt von mehr als 70% des gesamtlöslichen Proteins der Pflanze eine Menge beschreibt, die bisher mit diesem Verfahren noch nicht erreicht wurde. Alle in Chloroplasten hergestellten lytischen Enzyme zeigten hohe spezifische bakteriolytische Aktivität gegen die gewählten Humanpathogene und waren innerhalb von Minuten in der Lage diese Bakterien abzutöten. Zur Herstellung von zwei lytischen Enzymen wurde in dieser Arbeit ein spezieller Shuttle-Vektor entworfen, der die Expression von toxischen Genen innerhalb von E. coli Zellen im Zuge der DNA Replikation vermeidet, jedoch die Herstellung einer ungehinderten Expression der toxischen Gene in den Chloroplasten nach Beseitigung des Selektionsmarkers erlaubte. Ein Vergleich zwischen einem herkömmlich verwendeten Transformationsvektor und dem Shuttle-Vektor mittels eines Reportergens zeigte, dass das neu entwickelte System bis zu 4 mal mehr Protein produzierte. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen das Potential von Chloroplasten als kostengünstige und leicht zu handhabende Produktionsplattform für lytische Enzyme, welche als neue Generation von Antibiotika attraktive Alternativen zu herkömmlichen Therapien bieten.
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Labrosse, Isabelle. "Production de pommes de terre du cultivar Shepody resistantes aux virus PVX et PVY par transformation génétique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0016/MQ49101.pdf.
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Sadrvaghefi, Seyed Hossain. "The production of post-revolutionary Tehran : a study of transformation of contemporary Tehran through a Lefebvrian perspective." Thesis, Durham University, 2017. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12263/.
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The present study addresses the transformation of post-revolutionary Tehran beginning with its modern construction since the mid-19th century. In so doing, Lefebvre’s theories and concepts have been employed as a theoretical framework. However, it is not only a reading of Tehran’s transformation through a Lefebvrian lens. It is, also, a modification of Lefebvre’s theory through Tehran. Enhanced by the particularity of Tehran, this aim follows by introducing new concepts such as Islamification, externalisation of the interior and internalisation of the exterior, Arbab and Ra’yaat space and so on to the Lefebvrian conceptual framework. This research deals with three constitutive elements (economic processes, Islamification, and resistance) from three scales (global, national, and private) in three periods (pre-revolutionary, post-revolutionary, neoliberal). It is shown that Tehran in each period is characterised by constant interaction of the abovementioned elements and interpenetration of these varied scales. In this regard, not only is Tehran examined in distinct periods, but also it is proposed a logic of continuity between these analytically separated epochs. Therefore, this study reconstructs the development of Tehran through its continuities and discontinuities. This multi-dimensional study enables us to present a holistic view of the transformation of the city of Tehran. Keeping with the idea of totality, the research suggests that while the production of Tehran contains global processes and universal forms, it is differentiated through its particular characteristics such as Islamic ideology and its position within the global order.
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Mielnikov, V. S. "Prospects for the production of biodegradable tableware in the context of the transformation of international environmental policy." Master's thesis, Sumy State University, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/81361.
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Магістерська робота присвячена перспективам виробництва біорозкладаного посуду в контексті трансформації міжнародної екологічної політики. Досліджено сучасні технології виробництва одноразового посуду. Проаналізовано сучасні тенденції розвитку національного та світового ринків одноразового посуду, законодавчі зміни щодо заборони виробництва та споживання одноразового пластикового посуду. Розроблено стратегію розвитку ТОВ «Андрекс» з урахуванням трансформаційних змін міжнародної екологічної політики.Master’s level degree qualification paper is dedicated to the prospects for the production of biodegradable tableware in the context of the transformation of international environmental policy. Modern technologies of production of disposable tableware are investigated. The current trends in the development of the national and world markets for disposable tableware and legislative changes to ban the production and consumption of disposable plastic tableware are analyzed. The development strategy of “Andrex” LTD has been developed taking into account transformational changes in international environmental policy
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Basaran, Kaan Evren. "Petty Agricultural Production And Contract Farming: A Case In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609651/index.pdf.
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Understanding the class position of family owned small scale agricultural production units, which constitute a common feature of the rural context in the later capitalized countries, have been one of the major discussion points in the Marxist literature. The continual existence of such a form of production organization with significant non-capitalist features under the enlarging capitalist organization of production despite the initial assumptions of Marxist analysis that it was a transitory form which will soon differentiate between proletariat and bourgeoisie have prompted a number if attempts at explaining the survival of this category. These debates have strongly influenced the analyses in the field of rural sociology from 1960s onwards, providing the conceptual tools for sociological analysis of rural relations of production.
This thesis engages in an attempt of re-appraising the theoretical debates within Marxist analysis of petty agricultural production organization together with considering the recent transnational reorganization of agricultural production. The neo-liberal retraction of state as a regulating force and loosening the protectionist policies has lead to the rise of the power of Trans-National Corporations (TNCs) in the field of agriculture in the past couple of decades. Contractual farming is defined as a major form of direct relationship TNCs establish with petty agricultural producers to exercise their determining power over the organization of agricultural production.
Together with a case study of contractual farming, the thesis discusses how could we define the class positions of this segment and whether their relationship with TNCs have a significant affect over our definitions.
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Мельник, Леонід Григорович, Леонид Григорьевич Мельник, Leonid Hryhorovych Melnyk, Ольга Іванівна Мельник, Ольга Ивановна Мельник, Olha Ivanivna Melnyk, Ірина Михайлівна Бурлакова, Ирина Михайловна Бурлакова, and Iryna Mykhailivna Burlakova. "Sustainable development on a basis of greening of production-consumption cycle." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/36212.
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The "greening" of the economy implies a targeted process of economic transformation aimed at reduction of ecological impact on the environment. The concept of greening is realized through a system of organized measures, innovations, restructuring, technological transformations, and environmental policy activities at macro- and micro levels. Special attentions in greening the economy is devoted to the environmental innovations, as they are both profitable and environmentally friendly.
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