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Academic literature on the topic 'Production primaire brute (GPP)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Production primaire brute (GPP)"
Dansereau, Patrice, André Martens, and Hermann Schnabl. "Les liens de production entre activités informelles et formelles." L'Actualité économique 74, no. 3 (February 9, 2009): 445–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/602270ar.
Full textMartínez, Beatriz, Sergio Sánchez-Ruiz, Manuel Campos-Taberner, Francisco Javier García-Haro, and María Amparo Gilabert. "Cambios en la producción primaria bruta (GPP) de la vegetación naturalen la Comunidad Valenciana (2001-2018)." Revista de Teledetección, no. 61 (January 30, 2023): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/raet.2023.18659.
Full textTarpaga, Windpouiré Vianney, Larbouga Bourgou, Moussa Guira, and Albert Rouamba. "Agro morphological characterization of cashew trees (Anacardium occidental L.), in improvement for the high yield and high quality of raw nuts in Burkina Faso." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 9 (March 25, 2021): 3188–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i9.17.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Production primaire brute (GPP)"
Balde, Hamadou. "Remote sensing of laser- and sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence for studying water and carbon functioning in terrestrial ecosystems." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS674.pdf.
Full textSun-Induced chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) is used as a tool to monitor Gross Primary Production (GPP) across different ecosystems. SIF is important to understand the global carbon cycle under changing climate conditions. However, the use of SIF to probe variations in GPP is challenged by confounding factors (canopy biochemical properties, abiotic factors, etc.). In this thesis, we proposed to use multiple scale measurements (spaceborne with the TROPOMI and MODIS sensors, and ground-based) of SIF, reflectance, GPP, and active chlorophyll fluorescence yield (FyieldLIF), useful to observe the physiological variations of the vegetation. In order, first, to evaluate the strength and the nature of the relationship between GP-SIF and to predict GPP using remote sensing metrics; second, to examine the relationship between FyieldLIF and SIFy (SIF normalized by the photosynthetically active radiation, PAR) and the effects of canopy structure and sun-canopy geometry on SIF signal, and third, to explore the influence of canopy structure, light intensity and abiotic factors on SIF and GPP variations and on their links. We found that the strength and the nature of the links between GPP and TROPOMI SIF, across forty flux sites, depend on sites and vegetation types. Further, combined use of SIF and reflectance from satellite observations predicted over 80% of GPP variations. However, we observed that daily surface reflectance at different bands when taken as a whole outperformed daily TROPOMI SIF in predicting GPP, but the relative importance of variables in the random forest model using SIF and VIs (NDVI, PRI and NIRv) as inputs to predict GPP shows that SIF is the most important variable for predicting GPP. This result indicates that at a broad spatial scale, reflectances could be used to predict GPP and the use of SIF as a proxy of GPP raises the question of whether the physiological information related to photosynthesis contained in SIF could be detected at this scale. Based on top-of-canopy measurements in Fontainebleau-Barbeau, we show that active FyieldLIF was not correlated with passive SIFy at the diurnal timescale due to sun-canopy geometry effects. We also observed that the diurnal patterns in SIF and PAR did not match under clear sky conditions, underlining the effects of shadows on the measured canopy SIF. We also showed that the SIF and the reflectance can be used to predict FyieldLIF, while Φk =SIFy/FyieldLIF (an indicator of the interaction between canopy structure and irradiance geometry) is strongly correlated with reflectance and sun-canopy geometry. The analyses show that the links between GPP and SIF and their variations, resulting from ground-based measurements, depend on the temporal scale considered. More specifically, at the seasonal scale, we observed that variations in GPP, SIF, SIFy and FyieldLIF respond to the structural and biochemical development of canopies and to variations in abiotic factors, especially during the heatwaves in 2022. During these extreme weather conditions, we observed that, on one hand, SIF and VIs (NDVI, NIRv and mNDI), and on the other hand, SIF and PAR are not correlated, while GPP, SIF and FyieldLIF strongly decreased. This indicates that SIF and FyieldLIF can be used to monitor impact on photosynthetic activity under stress conditions, while VIs cannot. This specific response of SIF and FyieldLIF compared to VIs highlights the growing interest in the use of SIF as a proxy of GPP under changing climate conditions. However, at the diurnal scale, the interactions between canopy structure and sun geometry, as well as the light intensity control the variations in SIF and GPP and their links. We strongly recommend the use of the synergy between reflectance, SIF and active fluorescence measurements to better understand the dynamics of SIF and its link to GPP in other vegetation types at the canopy scale
Diaz, Marcelo Bortoluzzi. "ANÁLISE DE DIFERENTES MÉTODOS DE PREENCHIMENTO DE FALHAS NOS FLUXOS DE CO2: ESTIMATIVAS SOBRE O ARROZ IRRIGADO." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10276.
Full textThe net exchange of CO2 between the atmosphere and the ecosystem (NEE), represent the balance of the ecosystem respiration (Reco) and gross primary production (GPP), which are directly related to temperature and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) respectively. Studies related to the exchange of CO2 between ecosystems and atmosphere has been conducted in different ecosystems, with the objective of finding the contribution of different ecosystems to the atmospheric CO2. For this it is important to have a continuous data series. However, these series may fail causing gaps in time series data. Here, were studied gapfilling techniques( multiple linear regression , nonlinear regressions , Look-up Tables, Mean diurnal variation and Neural networks) and the technique of non-linear regressions excel the other, it is indicated to fill the gaps when available variables weather temperature and radiation, not available when these forcings , advise the use of Mean Diurnal variation . Three years of CO2 fluxes over irrigated rice were used to compare the techniques: two years at the Cachoeira do Sul site and one year at Paraiso do Sul site, both located at Rio Grande do Sul. As a result of gapfilling by nonlinear regression, NEE was estimated to be -92 ± 80gC / m² (2010/2011) and 429 ± 188gC / m² (2011/2012), for Cachoeira do Sul and -43 ± 72gC / m² (2003/2004), for Paraíso do Sul.
As trocas líquidas de CO2 entre a atmosfera e o ecossistema (NEE) representam o balanço entre a respiração do ecossistema (Reco) e a produção primaria bruta (GPP), que estão diretamente relacionados à temperatura e a radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (PAR), respectivamente. Estudos relacionados às trocas de CO2 entre ecossistemas e a atmosfera têm sido realizados em diferentes sítios experimentais com o objetivo de conhecer quanto cada ecossistema contribui para o CO2 atmosférico. Para tanto, é importante ter uma série de dados contínuos. Conquanto, estas séries podem apresentar falhas, gerando lacunas nas séries temporais dos dados, que devem ser preenchidas. Neste trabalho, foram estudas técnicas de preenchimento de dados (Regressões lineares múltiplas, Regressões não lineares, Look-up Tables, Mean diurnal variation), Redes neurais para estimativa do NEE anual sobre culturas de arroz irrigado no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram utilizados três anos de dados de NEE coletados em dois anos para o sítio de Cachoeira do Sul e um ano para Paraíso do Sul. As diferentes técnicas foram avaliadas através da incerteza e do calculo do erro na estimativa do NEE para lacunas artificiais de cada técnica. A técnica de regressões não lineares mostrou-se mais adequada, sendo indicada para o preenchimento das falhas quando disponíveis as variáveis meteorológicas de temperatura e radiação. Quando não disponíveis, o uso da Mean diurnal variation é aconselhada. Como resultado do preenchimento de dados por meio da técnica de Regressão não linear, foram estimados os seguintes valores acumulados de carbono: -92 ± 80gC / m² (2010/2011) e 429 ± 188gC / m² (2011/2012), para Cachoeira do Sul e -43 ± 72gC / m² (2003/2004), para Paraíso do Sul.
Carneiro, Janaína Viário. "Estimativas das trocas líquidas de carbono em duas áreas de cultivo de arroz irrigado na região central do RS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3919.
Full textThe turbulent fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) were investigated in two sites of irrigated rice in southern Brazil, using the eddy covariance technique over 385 days of analysis at the site of Paraiso do Sul and 683 days in site Cachoeira do Sul also used the model of filling the gaps in order to estimate the net ecosystem exchange CO2 -C (NEE). Throughout the growing season, rice fields, both for the site of Paraiso do Sul to the site of Cachoeira do Sul, acted as carbon sinks (C). During fallow periods, these fields were the source of C. The NEE accumulated at the site of Cachoeira do Sul was similar in both cycles and practically equal to the estimated site of Paraiso do Sul. The GPP accumulated during the crop cycle 2010-2011, the rice field of Cachoeira do Sul, was less than 12% of the 2011-2012 cycle and higher than 15% of the site of Paraiso do Sul. The Re accumulated was similar at the site of Paraíso do Sul in the 2010-2011 cycle Cachoeira do Sul, but less than the 2011- 2012 cycle. The values of NEE, GPP and R e for the site of Paraíso do Sul were - 270.53 gCm2 , -821.19gCm2 and 527.59gCm2 , respectively. To the site of Cachoeira do Sul, were -282,53 gCm2 , -933,40gCm2 and 597,05gCm2 for NEE, GPP and Re , respectively, in the 2010-2011 cycle. For the 2011-2012 cycle in the rice field of Cachoeira do Sul, the values of NEE, GPP and Re were -279,69gCm2 , - 1062,64gCm2 and 716,58gCm2 , respectively. The total C accumulated over the period analyzed for the site of Paraíso do Sul was -45,90gCm2 , considering this area of rice cultivation, as a sink for C. While the growing area of Cachoeira do Sul was considered a source of C (19,94 gCm2 ). Showing by this that long periods of fallow contribute significantly to the accumulated fluxes due to constant presence of vegetation. The contribution of this work will assist in the investigation of CO2 in these ecosystems.
Os fluxos turbulentos de dióxido de carbono (CO2 ) foram investigados em dois sítios de cultura de arroz irrigado no Sul do Brasil, utilizando a técnica de covariância de vórtices ao longo de 385 dias de análise no sítio de Paraíso do Sul e de 683 dias, no sítio de Cachoeira do Sul. Além disso, utilizou-se o modelo de preenchimento das lacunas com o objetivo de estimar a troca líquida de C-CO2 no ecossistema (NEE). Ao longo do período de cultivo, os campos de arroz, tanto para o sítio de Paraíso do Sul quanto para o sítio de Cachoeira do Sul, atuaram como sumidouros de carbono (C). Durante os períodos de pousio, esses campos foram fontes de C. O NEE acumulado, no sítio de Cachoeira do Sul foi semelhante em ambos os ciclos e praticamente igual ao estimado no sítio de Paraíso do Sul. A GPP acumulada durante o ciclo de cultivo de 2010-2011, no campo de arroz de Cachoeira do Sul, foi inferior a 12% do ciclo de 2011-2012 e superior em 15% a do sítio de Paraíso do Sul. A Re acumulada foi semelhante no sítio de Paraíso do Sul e no ciclo de 2010- 2011 de Cachoeira do Sul, mas inferior a do ciclo de 2011-2012. Os valores de NEE, GPP e Re para o sítio de Paraíso do Sul foram de -270,53 gCm2 , -821,19gCm2 e 527,59gCm2 , respectivamente. Para o sítio de Cachoeira do Sul, foram de - 282,53gCm2 , -933,40gCm2 e 597,05gCm2 para NEE, GPP e Re , respectivamente, no ciclo de 2010-2011. Para o ciclo de 2011-2012, no campo de arroz de Cachoeira do Sul, os valores de NEE, GPP e Re foram de -279,69gCm2 , - 1062,640gCm2 e 716,58gCm2 , respectivamente. O total de C acumulado ao longo do período analisado para o sítio de Paraíso do Sul foi de -45,90gCm2 , considerando esta área de cultivo de arroz, como um sumidouro de C. Enquanto que a área de cultivo de Cachoeira do Sul foi considerada fonte de C (19,94 gCm2 ). Mostrando com isso, que períodos longos de pousio contribuem consideravelmente para os fluxos acumulados devido a permanência constante de vegetação. A contribuição deste trabalho auxiliará na investigação das emissões de CO2 nesses ecossistemas.
Polsenaere, Pierre. "Echanges de CO2 atmosphérique dans la lagune d’Arcachon et relations avec le métabolisme intertidal." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14253/document.
Full textThe coastal zone is only taken into account since recently in global carbon budgeting efforts. Although covering globally modest surface areas, carbon and nutrient fluxes in the coastal zone appear significant at the global scale. However, little is known about the CO2 behaviour in lagoons and even less in intertidal zones where exchanges with the atmosphere occur alternatively with the water and the sediment. The purposes of this work are, on one hand, to establish the carbon budget between the Arcachon lagoon, the atmosphere and the terrestrial watershed and on the other hand, to link these fluxes with the net ecosystem production (NEP) and better characterize its metabolic status along with the relevant environmental factors. For the first time, CO2 flux measurements by Eddy Correlation have been carried out at different seasons and stations in the tidal flat. In parallel, the total terrestrial carbon export from river waters has been quantified throughout a complete hydrological cycle in nine watercourses flowing into the lagoon. The total carbon export from the watershed through surface river waters is estimated at 116 t C km-2 yr-1 on which 39% is exported to the lagoon as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) owing to the predominance of podzols in the watershed. Intense organic matter mineralization in soils and groundwaters largely over-saturate river waters in CO2 on which export accounts for 21% as dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). The mathematical “StreamCO2-DEGAS” model formulation based on water pCO2, DIC concentrations and isotopic composition measurements permits to show that 43% of the total carbon export was degassed as CO2 from the riverine surface waters to the atmosphere, lowering then this latter to 66 t C km-2 yr-1. With respect to the CO2 flux measurements in the lagoon, cospectral analysis and the well accordance of results with physical and biological controls at the tidal, diurnal and seasonal time scales permit to validate the Eddy Correlation technique over tidal coastal zone. CO2 fluxes with the atmosphere, during each period, were generally weak and ranged between -13 and 19 µmol m-2 s-1. Low tide and daytime conditions were always characterized by an uptake of atmospheric CO2. In contrast, during the immersion and during low tide at night, CO2 fluxes where either positive or negative, or close to zero, depending on the season and the site. The concomitant analysis of CO2 fluxes with satellite images of the lagoon at low tide during the day clearly discriminate the relative importance of the two distinct metabolic carbon cycling involving the main primary producers, i.e. (1) the Zostera noltii seagrass meadow predominance on the NEP in autumn and summer in the more central station, with an annual cycling and (2) the microphytobenthos community predominance on the gross primary production (GPP) in spring at the same station and in autumn in the inner part of the bay where a rapid carbon cycling during the immersion and the emersion was clearly highlighted. The different results obtained with the Eddy Correlation technique over tidal flats opens interesting perspectives on the knowledge of the carbon budget and the biogeochemical and ecological processes within the coastal zone