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1
Mishchenko, Natalia. "Analysis of production methods and industril methods of streptomycin production." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/50641.
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1. Wainwright M. Streptomycin: discovery and resultant controversy. Hist Philos Life Sci. 1991. Vol. 13 (1). P. 97–124.
2. World Health Organization. Critically important antimicrobials for human medicine, 6th revision. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2019. 45 p.The purpose of the study: to analyze the methods of obtaining streptomycin. Relevance of the study: streptomycin is a drug that is widely used in industry, so it is advisable to analyze the production of streptomycin. Task: to analyze the methods of production and industrial methods of streptomycin production.
Актуальність дослідження: стрептоміцин - це препарат, який широко використовується в промисловості, тому доцільно аналізувати виробництво стрептоміцину. Завдання: Проаналізувати методи виробництва та промислових методів виробництва стрептоміцину.
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Raslan, Alenezi. "Biodiesel production from different methods." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5434/.
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Hydrolysis, esterification and transesterification reactions were conducted in different reactor configurations, with the overall objective of enhancing the fundamental knowledge of Free Fatty acids (FFA) and biodiesel production, while providing key processing parameters and kinetic models for process design. Hydrolysis and esterification reactions were conducted in a non-catalytic continuous flow reactor, esterification reactions in a stirred batch reactor and transesterification reactions in a state-of-the-art Downflow Gas contactor Reactor (DGCR). The DGCR was operated in batch mode with a recycle loop. All samples were collected as a function of time and the concentrations of FFA and Fatty Acid Methyl/Ethyl Esters (FAME/FAEE) were determined, using gas chromatography for FFA and FAME/FAEE and titration for FFA. Tested processing variables for each reaction were varied according to the reaction objectives and reactor limits. Extensive kinetic models for continuous flow and batch reactions were performed and rate constants were established. FFA are an important intermediate for several industrial applications. Non-catalytic continuous flow hydrolysis with the aid of subcritical water produced high quality FFA with a maximum yield of 92 % at 350 \(^0\)C, 20 MPa and 50:50 water oil volume ratio. Temperature, time and water/oil initial ratio were found to be significant factors in the hydrolysis reactions. However, pressure had a minor influence.
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Zanganas, Panayiotis. "Fermentation methods for dextransucrase production." Thesis, Aston University, 1993. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/9693/.
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Several fermentation methods for the production of the enzyme dextransucrase have been employed. The theoretical aspects of these fermentation techniques have been given in the early chapters of this thesis together with a brief overview of enzyme biotechnology. A literature survey on cell recycle fermentation has been carried out followed by a survey report on dextransucrase production, purification and the reaction mechanism of dextran biosynthesis. The various experimental apparatus as employed in this research are described in detail. In particular, emphasis has been given to the development of continuous cell recycle fermenters. On the laboratory scale, fed-batch fermentations under anaerobic low agitation conditions resulted in dextransucrase activities of about 450 DSU/cm3 which are much higher than the yields reported in the literature and obtained under aerobic conditions. In conventional continuous culture the dilution rate was varied in the range between 0.375 h-1 to 0.55 h-1. The general pattern observed from the data obtained was that the enzyme activity decreased with increase in dilution rate. In these experiments the maximum value of enzyme activity was 74 DSU/cm^3. Sparging the fermentation broth with CO_2 in continuous culture appears to result in a decrease in enzyme activity. In continuous total cell recycle fermentations high steady state biomass levels were achieved but the enzyme activity was low, in the range 4 - 27 DSU/cm^3. This fermentation environment affected the physiology of the microorganism. The behaviour of the cell recycle system employed in this work together with its performance and the factors that affected it are discussed in the relevant chapters. By retaining the whole broth leaving a continuous fermenter for between 1.5 - 4 h under controlled conditions, the enzyme activity was enhanced with a certain treatment from 86 DSU/cm^3 to 180 DSU/cm^3 which represents a 106% increase over the enzyme activity achieved by a steady-state conventional chemostat. A novel process for dextran production has been proposed based on the findings of this latter part of the experimental work.
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Gouvinhas, Reidson Pereira. "Design methods for production machinery companies." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266983.
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Manousakis, Emmanuil. "Cross-arts production methods utilising collectives." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/14337.
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The very notion of ‘cross-arts’ calls for large collaborations of artists that serve different art disciplines and are eager to spend time in an artistic collective environment. The roles of the participants are not always distinct; in these productions artists acquire roles in a variety of production elements. Work may be co-directed and music improvised by a group of musicians, and artists can have multiple roles as choreographers, directors or production managers. Within this thesis, I propose a methodology of how to develop a contemporary artistic collective; thus proposing ways of how to produce a cross-arts collective project. I give examples of works in which I participate as a composer and producer through the collective arts group Medea Electronique. These are collective cross-arts works that involve a number of practices like music, dance, video art, photography, set design, animation, and installation art. Simultaneously, examples of collective production ethics and practices are introduced within the context of Koumaria Residency that I established in 2009. When working on collective cross-arts productions, practical issues often dictate how the piece is created. I expand on these practical issues and propose methods for calling artists, sharing the profits, and organising a cross-arts production. Moreover, I take as a hypothesis that collective work is a serious answer to underfunded non-commercial art forms that aim to produce alternative art within limited budgets.
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Love, Velva Ann. "Conservation tillage methods for cabbage production." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101121.
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Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) production in Virginia is concentrated in the mountainous southwest region of the state where soil erosion and soil-moisture deficits are major problems associated with row-crop agriculture. The objectives of this study were to assess the applicability of conservation tillage systems for cabbage production. Four tillage systems (conventional tillage, CT; no-tillage, NT; and two types of strip tillage—Ro-till, RT, and chisel plow, CP) and three planting dates (early, mid and late) were compared in 1985 and 1986. Plants were set with a locally adapted no-till transplanter into a cover crop of cereal rye (Secale cereale L.). Under unusually rainy conditions in 1985, cabbage yields with NT were lower than with CT; while with dry weather prevailing in 1986, NT and CT yields were equal for all planting dates. Yields in strip tillage systems were equal or higher than NT and CT with ample or deficit soil moisture. RT out-yielded both CT and NT in 1986. Yield was positively correlated with soil moisture content in 1986, but not in 1985. Once-over resetting was done in all plots resulting in no differences in plant numbers among tillage treatments. Head size was affected by tillage systems and was highly correlated with yield. These data indicate that (i) conservation tillage systems are viable alternatives to CT for production of cabbage, and (ii) available water resources and soil drainage should be important considerations in selection of the most productive tillage system.M.S.
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Bak, Taner Smith Jeffrey S. "AE Simulator a serial production line simulator." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1840.
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Tubychko, K. V., and O. M. Pihnastyi. "About the methods of formalization of technological process." Thesis, Брама, 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/48303.
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There are mass, serial and single types of production are determined by the coefficient of consolidation of operations at the workplace (GOST 3.1121.84). Mass production is characterized by a type of highly specialized departments and sections on output, limited and stable for a long period of the time range of products. The main objective of planning is to ensure the movement of workpieces on at a given pace of operations. A significant part of the calendar-planned regulations for the type of mass production is sustainable and just laid the basis for the planned regulations of the production lines. Planning is based on the calculation of the rate of release and details of the calculation of interoperable standards groundwork. When a batch type production nomenclature of manufactured products less stable, but still regularly repeated in the release program, the number performed in detail shops operations far exceeds the number of jobs that determines the production of goods parties. Main planning task in batch production, ensuring periodicity of manufacture products in accordance with the scheduled task. Increasing seriality achieved the unification of parts and typed processes. The objective of production planning is to manufacture products on time and uniform loading of production sites for a given production cycle. Each type of production of different methods can be arranged. The main ones are in-line, single party and methods of production. The most effective line method. The set of methods, tools, and principles of organization of the process to form the production planning and control system. Specifically shown what it takes to build a mathematical model of operations.
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Blackburn, C. S. "Articulatory methods for speech production and recognition." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.596687.
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The past 15 years have seen dramatic improvements in the performance of computer algorithms which attempt to recognise human speech. The falling error rates achieved by the best speech recognition systems on limited tasks have recently enabled the development of a diverse range of applications which promise to have a significant impact on many aspects of society. Examples of these range from dictation systems for personal computers to automated over-the-telephone enquiry services and interactive voice-controlled computing and mobility aids for disabled users. Engineering research into the recognition of acoustic signals has focused on the development of efficient, trainable models which are adapted to specific recognition tasks. While the acoustic signal parameterisations employed are usually chosen to crudely model the behaviour of the human auditory system, little or no use is typically made of knowledge regarding the mechanisms of speech production. Physical and inertial constraints on the movement of articulators in the vocal tract cause variations in the acoustic realisations of sounds according to their phonetic contexts. The difficulty of accurately modelling these contextual variations in the frequency domain represents a fundamental limitation on the performance of existing recognition systems. This dissertation describes the design and implementation of a self-organising articulatory speech production model which attempts to incorporate production-based knowledge into the recognition framework. By using an explicit time-domain articulatory model of the mechanisms of co-articulation, it is hoped to obtain a more accurate model of contextual effects in the acoustic signal, while using less parameters than traditional acoustically-driven approaches. Separate articulatory and acoustic models are provided, and in each case the parameters of the models are automatically optimised over a training data set.
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Ziankevich, Maryia. "Local Roots : Celebrating sustainable methods of food production." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen Designhögskolan, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-72781.
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Local Roots is a design of a system where local interest circles and study groups share their knowledge and interest in the context of an outdoor museum. Here, museum visitors can get inspired by a first glimpse into the local culture of traditional food production. This thesis project mainly focuses on the introduction experience to this system, on the outdoor museum plant tour "what's my flavor". Interactive plant audio installations of this tour are placed around the territory of the museum. By touching different parts of a plant, museum visitors trigger information about its nutritional and cultural values. They start to see food opportunities in natural ecosystems, gain experience and train watchfulness the same way they would do it for centuries before, by touching, smelling and reading the signs of nature together with the more experienced peers.
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Mora, Carlos A. "Comparison of computation methods for CBM production performance." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1958.
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Vermeulen, Adriaan. "Methods to optimise underground mine production / Adriaan Vermeulen." Thesis, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9717.
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The focus of this study was to investigate the current underground conventional
mining systems used in the platinum mining industry and to design a mine
production planning system to optimise the conventional operations - Anglo
Platinum specific. The maximum steady state micro output levels of underground
mines were determined from a mining and engineering perspective and the GAP,
or output potential compared to the current output levels, was established. All
the production facility's requirements with regard to services, equipment and
infrastructure to achieve optimum production levels were calculated from first
principles and a modelling tool for technical and mining optimisation evaluations
was designed for use by the operations. Furthermore, an analysis of the main
infrastructure or so-called "ongoing capital development" was done as a means
to determine the maximum sustainable shaft capacities.
With the main objective being to determine the existing production GAP and
thus the requirements to fill this GAP, a picture of the current conditions,
equipment capacities and output levels were determined. For this purpose,
specific checklists were designed to capture all the relevant information. It was
sub-divided in such a way that inputs could be made in a logical sequence to
prevent backtracking exercises. The existing infrastructure and equipment were
rated on a scale ranging from zero to ten with zero meaning non-existent and
ten being brand new. The involvement of the site personnel throughout the
entire process is a crucial part of the exercise as buy-in and ownership are
probably the most important aspects of any implementation process. This buy-in
was achieved through planning workshops and presentations where real
examples from the audience where modelled. Members were allowed to change
parameters and outcomes were debated. The systematic logical approach and
the suite of practical outputs sold the system during every session held. Support
came from all functions including mine design specialists and ore resource
managers using different systems.
The mining industry is the largest source of foreign income for South Africa and
it is also the main source of employment with Anglo Platinum employing in the
region of forty thousand employees1 and contractors. Reef deposits are not
replaceable and it is in the interest of all stakeholders to extract every unit in the
most efficient manner. Mines require vast amounts of capital and with risks like
fluctuating metal prices, exchange rates, rising costs, labour unrest and
geological uncertainties, it is important to have optimum planning and
management systems in place. This project focused on how to optimise the
output levels of current operations thus minimizing all of the mining-related risks
in a direct or indirect manner. It is a simple means to leap closer to mining
professionalism in first-world countries.
The GAP varied between the different operations and ranged between overproduction
and 60% below the optimum potential. On average it was 50% below
optimum performance levels2. It has to be noted that these observations are
based on half levels outputs and not on shaft capacities. In other words, where
shafts are operating at design capacities, the same production can be obtained
by manning half the amount of levels implicating cost savings instead of
increased production. The current planning practices are thus not adequate to
truly optimise the operations.MIng (Mechanical Engineering), Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2003
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Resnick, Richard J. (Richard Jay) 1971. "The economics of biological methods of hydrogen production." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17885.
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Thesis (S.M.M.O.T.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Management of Technology Program, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 98-108).
The costs to produce and utilize hydrogen are extremely high per unit of energy when compared to fossil fuel energy sources such as natural gas or gasoline. The cheapest hydrogen production approaches today are also the most polluting, as they use fossil fuels in even more inefficient ways than cars do. Renewable approaches to hydrogen production are- at best- three times more expensive per unit energy than the cost to produce the same amount of natural gas. The production of hydrogen through biological systems is one area of particularly promising research. There are countless biological systems that produce energy from sunlight, and countless others that produce energy from the metabolism of organic molecules such as glucose. Many microbial organisms produce hydrogen under certain conditions. Optimizing their innate ability to produce hydrogen and developing biohydrogen plants whose economics compete with current commercial plants are key hurdles that must be overcome. Economic models for the production of hydrogen through biological systems are examined in detail in this thesis. The key technical hurdles which drive the capital and production costs are identified. Fruitful areas of potential research are suggested to bring biological hydrogen production to commercial scale as rapidly as possible.
by Richard J. Resnick.
S.M.M.O.T.
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Kumar, Sushant. "Clean Hydrogen Production and Carbon dioxide Capture Methods." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1039.
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Fossil fuels constitute a significant fraction of the world’s energy demand. The burning of fossil fuels emits huge amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Therefore, the limited availability of fossil fuel resources and the environmental impact of their use require a change to alternative energy sources or carriers (such as hydrogen) in the foreseeable future. The development of methods to mitigate carbon dioxide emission into the atmosphere is equally important. Hence, extensive research has been carried out on the development of cost-effective technologies for carbon dioxide capture and techniques to establish hydrogen economy.
Hydrogen is a clean energy fuel with a very high specific energy content of about 120MJ/kg and an energy density of 10Wh/kg. However, its potential is limited by the lack of environment-friendly production methods and a suitable storage medium. Conventional hydrogen production methods such as Steam-methane-reformation and Coal-gasification were modified by the inclusion of NaOH. The modified methods are thermodynamically more favorable and can be regarded as near-zero emission production routes. Further, suitable catalysts were employed to accelerate the proposed NaOH-assisted reactions and a relation between reaction yield and catalyst size has been established. A 1:1:1 molar mixture of LiAlH4, NaNH2 and MgH2 were investigated as a potential hydrogen storage medium. The hydrogen desorption mechanism was explored using in-situ XRD and Raman Spectroscopy.
Mesoporous metal oxides were assessed for CO2 capture at both power and non-power sectors. A 96.96% of mesoporous MgO (325 mesh size, surface area = 95.08 ± 1.5 m2/g) was converted to MgCO3 at 350°C and 10 bars CO2. But the absorption capacity of 1h ball milled zinc oxide was low, 0.198 gCO2 /gZnO at 75°C and 10 bars CO2. Interestingly, 57% mass conversion of Fe and Fe3O4 mixture to FeCO3 was observed at 200°C and 10 bars CO2. MgO, ZnO and Fe3O4 could be completely regenerated at 550°C, 250°C and 350°C respectively. Furthermore, the possible retrofit of MgO and a mixture of Fe and Fe3O4 to a 300 MWe coal-fired power plant and iron making industry were also evaluated.
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Šumbera, Jiří. "Application of optimisation methods to electricity production problems." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-196939.
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This thesis deals with application of optimisation methods based on linear and mixed-integer linear programming to various problems in the power sector related to electricity production. The thesis goal is to test the applicability of such methods to formulating and solving various instances from the class of real-world electricity production problems, and to find the advantages and disadvantages associated with using these methods. Introductory chapters describe the main characteristics of power markets, including the historical and regulatory context. Fundamental properties of power markets on both demand and supply side are also described, both from a real-world and a modelling point of view. Benefits of optimisation and modelling are discussed, in particular the solution feasibility and optimality as well as insights gained from sensitivity analysis which is often difficult to replicate with the original system. In the core of the thesis, optimisation techniques are applied to three case studies, each of which deals with a specific problem arising during electricity production. In the first problem, the profit of gas-fired power plant in Slovakia from selling power on the day-ahead market is maximised. The model is set up using both technical and commercial constraints. The second problem deals with the problem of representing a two-dimensional production function which primarily arises for a hydro generator with large variations in the level of its reservoir. Several representations of the original function using piecewise linear subsets are presented, compared, and characterised by their computational intensity both theoretically and practically. In the third problem, the prices on the German day-ahead market in 2011 are modelled. Contrary to the previous two models, the model does not capture an optimisation problem faced by a single producer, but incorporates a large subset of the whole market instead. Consequently the model is formed out of generic constraints relevant to all power plants whose parameters are estimated. By combining information about the aggregate availability of power plants with the estimated efficiencies a full supply curve for each day is created. Different scenarios are analysed to test the impact of uncertain inputs such as unknown or estimated constraints. The choice of the investigated problems stems from the attempt to cover electricity production problems from the point of view of multiple criteria. The three investigated electricity production problems span a broad range from the decisions of a single power plant to the modelling a power market as a whole. Formulations of the production function with different level of detail are presented ranging from a simple linear relationship to several bivariate function formulations. While each problem answers a specific question, they all illustrate the ease with which various electricity production problems can solved using optimisation methods based on linear and mixed-integer linear programming. This is mainly due to the ability of these methods to approximate even non-linear functions and constraints over non-convex domains and find global solutions in reasonable time. Moreover, models formulated with these methods allow sensitivity and scenario analyses to be carried out easily as is illustrated in each of the case studies.
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Martin, E. C., E. J. Pegelow, and S. Stedman. "Comparison of Irrigation Scheduling Methods in Cotton Production." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/210291.
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Three different irrigation scheduling techniques were compared in this study; aerial infrared, hand -held infrared, and neutron moisture gage measurements. There were four treatments with three replications of each. Treatment one was scheduled using aerial infrared imaging and analyzes performed by Agrometrics, Inc. Treatment two was scheduled using a hand -held infrared gun. Irrigations for this treatment were initiated at a crop water stress index value of 0.3. Treatments three and four were scheduled using neutron probe measurements. Treatment three was irrigated at 45% depletion of the available soil water. Treatment four was irrigated at 45% depletion of the available soil water until mid-bloom, when the strategy was changed to irrigate at 35% depletion. Yield results showed no significant difference between the treatments.
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Sumner, Aaran. "New production methods for salient pole rotor manufacture." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/51865/.
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The current design for a salient pole rotor consists of hundreds of laminations joined together to form a core pack, which is then pressed onto shaft. This thesis examines the possibility of using a solid cast rotor to reduce the complexity of rotor construction. To produce a solid salient pole rotor that has the capability to match the performance of the current lamination based rotor three fundamental areas which affect rotor performance were investigated. They are: • The magnetic performance of cast steel and a lower saturation Fe-Ni alloy for the magnetic shielding of pole faces. • The comparison of the performance of a solid steel rotor verses the lamination based rotor. • The use of laser cladding to produce a soft magnetic coating to prevent eddy currents from being induced into the rotor. Samples of cast steel were tested after various heat treatments were applied and their DC B-H curves were measured. The samples were examined, via optical microscopy, to determine the effect of heat treatments on their microstructure. The changes in their B-H curves and permeability were linked to the changes in microstructure by examination of the optical images. A prototype of a solid rotor was produced to determine its performance compared with the lamination based rotor. The prototype rotor was produced with a Fe-Ni alloy on the rotor pole faces. The prototype rotor was found to require an average of 72% more power in the field windings to match the performance of the lamination based rotor. This was true until the generator’s output reached 72kW when the Fe-Ni alloy on the rotor pole faces saturated, resulting in the air gap between the rotor and stator increasing from 2mm to 34.5mm. After the increase in air gap the prototype rotor required an average of 188% more power to match the lamination based rotor. The point at which the Fe-Ni alloy saturates is critical, as once saturated the power in the field windings must increase sharply to bridge the larger air gap. From this work it is clear that a cast steel with a better magnetic performance is required and that the point at which the lower saturation material on the pole shoes saturates needs to more closely match the normal operating power of the generator. Laser cladding was used to produce a coating that can be applied to the pole faces, with a sufficient thickness to allow a controllable increase in the air gap between the rotor and the stator at predetermined field strengths. The use of laser cladding in this way enables the pole face to act as a magnetic shield stopping heating in the rotor due to induced eddy currents. The use of annealing in both inert and reactive atmospheres was examined to determine their effect on the DC magnetic properties of the deposited coating. Annealing in an inert atmosphere of argon was found to improve the saturation magnetisation of the coating 30% better than annealing in a reactive hydrogen atmosphere.
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Osso, J. A. "'7'7Br isotope production for medical use." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377460.
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Magnúsdóttir, Auður. "Structural Studies on PP2A and Methods in Protein Production." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för biokemi och biofysik, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8261.
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PP2A is a major phosphatase in the cell that participates in multiple cell signaling pathways. It is a heterotrimer of a core dimer and variable regulatory subunits. Details of its structure, function and regulation are slowly emerging. Here, the structure of two regulators of PP2A are de-scribed; PTPA and B56γ. PTPA is a highly conserved enzyme that plays a crucial role in PP2A activity but whose biochemical function is still unclear. B56γ is a PP2A regulatory subunit linked to cancer and the structure presented here of B56γ in its free form is particularly valuable in light of the recent structures of the PP2A holoenzyme and core dimer. Protein production is a major bottleneck in structural genomic projects. Here, we describe two novel methods for improved protein production. The first is a colony based screening method where any DNA library can be screened for soluble expression of recombinant proteins in E.coli. The second method involves improvements of the well established IMAC purification method. We have seen that a low molecular weight component of E.coli lysate decreases the binding capacity of IMAC columns and by removing the low molecular weight components, recombinant proteins only present at low levels in E.coli lysate can be purified, which has previously been believed to be unfeasible.
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von, Axelson Jens. "On development of production methods for transfer to SMEs." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4502.
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The main problem in this thesis is: How should research and development results regarding production methods be represented for better adoption by SMEs? Manufacturing SMEs in Sweden have in general low profit margins and risk to go bankrupt. Different production methods could facilitate the needed performance improvement. Networking provides an arena where research and development needs could be determined and effective transfer activities could be carried through. How new production methods could be characterized and represented are presented. Several case studies, surveys and literature studies have been carried through. The results from these studies have been analyzed and compared to literature on the production method diffusion process – Dissemination-Clustering-Transfer. This analysis has resulted in a specification of requirements on how new production methods should be presented for better adoption by SMEs. One suggestion to the specification of requirements, the DFMTsme process, is described. The process is based on a repeated development procedure and follows a six-step development process in five phases. It is concluded that the DFMTsme process works. The research project is finally reviewed due to verification, validation and the contribution to knowledge. Implications for actors in the production method diffusion process as well as for policy makers are discussed.QC 20100729
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Suwartadi, Eka. "Gradient-based Methods for Production Optimization of Oil Reservoirs." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for teknisk kybernetikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-16584.
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Production optimization for water flooding in the secondary phase of oil recovery is the main topic in this thesis. The emphasis has been on numerical optimization algorithms, tested on case examples using simple hypothetical oil reservoirs. Gradientbased optimization, which utilizes adjoint-based gradient computation, is used to solve the optimization problems. The first contribution of this thesis is to address output constraint problems. These kinds of constraints are natural in production optimization. Limiting total water production and water cut at producer wells are examples of such constraints. To maintain the feasibility of an optimization solution, a Lagrangian barrier method is proposed to handle the output constraints. This method incorporates the output constraints into the objective function, thus avoiding additional computations for the constraints gradient (Jacobian) which may be detrimental to the efficiency of the adjoint method. The second contribution is the study of the use of second-order adjoint-gradient information for production optimization. In order to speedup convergence rate in the optimization, one usually uses quasi-Newton approaches such as BFGS and SR1 methods. These methods compute an approximation of the inverse of the Hessian matrix given the first-order gradient from the adjoint method. The methods may not give significant speedup if the Hessian is ill-conditioned. We have developed and implemented the Hessian matrix computation using the adjoint method. Due to high computational cost of the Newton method itself, we instead compute the Hessian-timesvector product which is used in a conjugate gradient algorithm. Finally, the last contribution of this thesis is on surrogate optimization for water flooding in the presence of the output constraints. Two kinds of model order reduction techniques are applied to build surrogate models. These are proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and the discrete empirical interpolation method (DEIM). Optimization using a trust-region framework (TRPOD) is then performed on the surrogate models. Furthermore, the output constraints are again handled by the Lagrangian barrier method
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Hüttner, Björn [Verfasser]. "Biomechanical Analysis Methods for Substitute Voice Production / Björn Hüttner." Aachen : Shaker, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1050342607/34.
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Elsässer, Thomas. "PERSPECTIVE METHODS OF SEWAGE SLUDGE UTILISATION FOR ENERGY PRODUCTION." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233941.
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Tato práce o energetickém využití čistírenských kalů obsahuje popis vlastností kalu (hustota, měrná tepelná kapacita a dynamická viskozita). Stěžejní kapitoly jsou věnovány desintegraci kalu pro zvýšení obsahu sušiny po odvodnění a experimentálnímu zkoumání tvorby emisí při spalování kalu, kde byl posuzován vliv přídavku alkálie. Spalování vysušeného kalu proběhlo ve fluidní vrstvě, byla zkoumána produkce škodlivin a distribuce těžkých kovů. Druhá ucelená část práce je věnována termochemické desintegraci stabilizovaného kalu, přičemž byl experimentálně vyhodnocován vliv na obsah vody v odvodněném kalu. Provedené experimenty sloužily k detekci vhodné teploty a dávky chemikálie. Výsledky experimentů byly rovněž podkladem pro ekonomickou bilanci, která je založena na úsporách za likvidaci menšího množství kalu.
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Magnúsdóttir, Auður. "Structural studies on PP2A and methods in protein production /." Stockholm : Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm university, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8261.
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Rocha, Jordano Vieira. "Forecast comparison with nonlinear methods for Brazilian industrial production." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/13661.
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This work assesses the forecasts of three nonlinear methods — Markov Switching Autoregressive Model, Logistic Smooth Transition Autoregressive Model, and Autometrics with Dummy Saturation — for the Brazilian monthly industrial production and tests if they are more accurate than those of naive predictors such as the autoregressive model of order p and the double differencing device. The results show that the step dummy saturation and the logistic smooth transition autoregressive can be superior to the double differencing device, but the linear autoregressive model is more accurate than all the other methods analyzed.
Este trabalho avalia as previsões de três métodos não lineares — Markov Switching Autoregressive Model, Logistic Smooth Transition Autoregressive Model e Autometrics com Dummy Saturation — para a produção industrial mensal brasileira e testa se elas são mais precisas que aquelas de preditores naive, como o modelo autorregressivo de ordem p e o mecanismo de double differencing. Os resultados mostram que a saturação com dummies de degrau e o Logistic Smooth Transition Autoregressive Model podem ser superiores ao mecanismo de double differencing, mas o modelo linear autoregressivo é mais preciso que todos os outros métodos analisados.
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Brook, Simon Richard. "Industrial playwriting : forms, strategies, and methods for creative production." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/30137/1/Simon_Brook_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This study, in its exploration of the attached play scripts and their method of development, evaluates the forms, strategies, and methods of an organised model of formalised playwriting. Through the examination, reflection and reaction to a perceived crisis in playwriting in the Australian theatre sector, the notion of Industrial Playwriting is arrived at: a practice whereby plays are designed and constructed, and where the process of writing becomes central to the efficient creation of new work and the improvement of the writer’s skill and knowledge base.
Using a practice-led methodology and action research the study examines a system of play construction appropriate to and addressing the challenges of the contemporary Australian theatre sector. Specifically, using the action research methodology known as design-based research a conceptual framework was constructed to form the basis of the notion of Industrial Playwriting. From this two plays were constructed using a case study method and the process recorded and used to create a practical, step-by-step system of Industrial Playwriting. In the creative practice of manufacturing a single authored play, and then a group-devised play, Industrial Playwriting was tested and found to also offer a valid alternative approach to playwriting in the training of new and even emerging playwrights. Finally, it offered insight into how Industrial Playwriting could be used to greatly facilitate theatre companies’ ongoing need to have access to new writers and new Australian works, and how it might form the basis of a cost effective writer development model. This study of the methods of formalised writing as a means to confront some of the challenges of the Australian theatre sector, the practice of playwriting and the history associated with it, makes an original and important contribution to contemporary playwriting practice.
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Brook, Simon Richard. "Industrial playwriting : forms, strategies, and methods for creative production." Queensland University of Technology, 2009. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/30137/.
Full textAbstract:
This study, in its exploration of the attached play scripts and their method of development, evaluates the forms, strategies, and methods of an organised model of formalised playwriting. Through the examination, reflection and reaction to a perceived crisis in playwriting in the Australian theatre sector, the notion of Industrial Playwriting is arrived at: a practice whereby plays are designed and constructed, and where the process of writing becomes central to the efficient creation of new work and the improvement of the writer’s skill and knowledge base.
Using a practice-led methodology and action research the study examines a system of play construction appropriate to and addressing the challenges of the contemporary Australian theatre sector. Specifically, using the action research methodology known as design-based research a conceptual framework was constructed to form the basis of the notion of Industrial Playwriting. From this two plays were constructed using a case study method and the process recorded and used to create a practical, step-by-step system of Industrial Playwriting. In the creative practice of manufacturing a single authored play, and then a group-devised play, Industrial Playwriting was tested and found to also offer a valid alternative approach to playwriting in the training of new and even emerging playwrights. Finally, it offered insight into how Industrial Playwriting could be used to greatly facilitate theatre companies’ ongoing need to have access to new writers and new Australian works, and how it might form the basis of a cost effective writer development model. This study of the methods of formalised writing as a means to confront some of the challenges of the Australian theatre sector, the practice of playwriting and the history associated with it, makes an original and important contribution to contemporary playwriting practice.
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Hatoum, Karim P. W. "Experimental investigation of intelligent search methods for job scheduling." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30063.
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Arnela, Coll Marc. "Numerical production of vowels and diphthongs using finite element methods." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/286279.
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Recentment, les simulacions tridimensionals per ordinador han esdevingut bastant populars per modelar l’acústica del tracte vocal. Aquestes són capaces de superar algunes de les limitacions clàssiques de les tècniques unidimensionals i permeten incloure tots els detalls de la geometria del tracte vocal, millorant d’aquesta manera la qualitat dels sons generats. El mètode dels elements finits (FEM) és probablement l’aproximació més indicada per resoldre les equacions subjacents de la veu.
En la primera part de la tesi s’aborda el problema de generació de vocals. S’utilitza FEM per resoldre l’equació d’ones per a la pressió acústica, la qual es combina amb una capa perfectament adaptada (PML) per tal de considerar condicions de radiació en camp lliure. Això permet la simulació d’ones acústiques propagant-se a través del tracte vocal i emanant de l’obertura de la boca. L’aproximació FEM proposada es valida després mitjançant experiments realitzats en rèpliques simplificades del tracte vocal. A continuació s’adapta el mètode de la funció de transferència entre dos micròfons per tal de calcular impedàncies del tracte vocal. Aquest s’utilitza a posteriori per a analitzar els efectes de radiació en vocals que comporten simplificacions del cap humà. Finalment, es proposa realitzar simulacions en dues dimensions (2D) basades en un procés d’ajust que permet a tractes vocals 2D imitar en gran mesura l’acústica de tractes vocals 3D, aconseguint un molt bon balanç entre cost computacional i qualitat de la veu. En la segona part de la tesi es generen diftongs. Per a aquesta finalitat es desenvolupa un esquema estabilitzat d’elements finits que resol l’equació d’ones en forma mixta expressada en un marc Lagrangià-Eulerià Arbitrari (ALE). Es produeixen diftongs tant usant tractes vocals mòbils 3D com ara tractes vocals 2D.
L’enfocament proposat per a vocals i diftongs permet no només visualitzar ones propagant-se a través del tracte vocal sinó també escoltar-ne els corresponents sons generats.Recientemente, las simulaciones tridimensionales por ordenador han resultado bastante populares para modelar la acústica del tracto vocal. Éstas son capaces de superar algunas de las limitaciones clásicas de las técnicas unidimensionales y permiten incluir todos los detalles de la geometría del tracto vocal, mejorando de esta manera la calidad de los sonidos generados. El método de los elementos finitos (FEM) es probablemente la aproximación más indicada para resolver las ecuaciones subyacentes de la voz. En la primera parte de la tesis se aborda el problema de generación de vocales. Se utiliza FEM para resolver la ecuación de ondas para la presión acústica, la cual se combina con una capa perfectamente adaptada (PML) para considerar condiciones de radiación en campo libre. Esto permite la simulación de ondas acústicas propagándose a través del tracto vocal y emanando de la obertura de la boca. La aproximación FEM propuesta se valida después mediante experimentos realizados en réplicas simplificadas del tracto vocal. A continuación se adapta el método de la función de transferencia entre dos micrófonos para calcular impedancias del tracto vocal. Éste se utiliza a posteriori para analizar los efectos de radiación en vocales que conllevan simplificaciones de la cabeza humana. Finalmente, se propone realizar simulaciones en dos dimensiones (2D) basadas en un proceso de ajuste que permite a tractos vocales 2D imitar en gran medida la acústica de tractos vocales 3D, consiguiendo un muy buen balance entre coste computacional y calidad de la voz. En la segunda parte de la tesis se generan diptongos. Per a esta finalidad se desarrolla un esquema estabilizado de elementos finitos que resuelve la ecuación de ondas en forma mixta expresada en un marco Lagrangiano-Euleriano Arbitrario (ALE). Se produce diptongos tanto usando tractos vocales móviles 3D como tractos vocales 2D. El enfoque propuesto para vocales y diptongos permite no solo visualizar ondas propagándose a través del tracto vocal sino que también escuchar los correspondientes sonidos generados.
In recent times, three-dimensional computer simulations have become quite popular to model the acoustics of the vocal tract. They can overcome some of the classical limitations of one-dimensional techniques and include all intricate details of the vocal tract geometry, greatly improving the quality of the generated sounds. The finite element method (FEM) is probably the most appropriate approach for solving the underlying equations of voice. In the first part of this thesis the problem of vowel production is addressed. FEM is used to solve the wave equation for the acoustic pressure combined with a Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) to account for free-field radiation conditions. This allows the simulation of acoustic waves propagating through the vocal tract and emanating from the mouth aperture. The proposed FEM approach is then validated against experiments performed with simplified vocal tract replicas. Following is an adaptation of a two-microphone transfer function method to compute vocal tract impedances, which becomes later used to analyze the radiation effects of human head simplifications on vowels. Finally, it is proposed to perform two-dimensional (2D) simulations based on a tuning process that allows 2D vocal tracts to mimic the acoustics of 3D vocal tracts, to a large extent. This results in a very good balance between computational cost and voice quality. In the second part of the thesis diphthong sounds are generated. A stabilized finite element scheme for the mixed wave equation in an Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) framework is derived for that purpose. Diphthongs are produced using both, 3D moving vocal tracts as well as 2D tuned vocal tracts. The proposed approach for vowels and diphthongs allows not only to visualize waves propagating within the vocal tract but also to listen to the corresponding generated sounds.
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Al-Hawi, Mohammad Abdullah Mubarak. "Lipopolysaccharide of different bacteria : extraction methods, signalling and cytokine production." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24453.
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Different LPS extraction methods were utilized to investigate the differences between them in terms of producing proinflammatory immune response. A further application of a repurification method was to eliminate any possible protein contaminants. These purified LPS preparations were used for the other main approach this study in which different unpurified and repurified Bacteroides fragilis LPSs together with different heat killed B. fragilis populations were examined to elucidate their Toll-like receptor (TLR) specificity. Four different extraction methods were chosen to extract LPS from Escherichia coli O18K-, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pa-O1, B. fragilis NCTC 9343 and Rhodobacter sphaeroides NCIMB 8253. All of these species, except of R. sphaeroides, were able to simulate the production of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β with differences apparent between different LPS preparations according to their extraction methods. R. sphaeroides LPS was able to inhibit the ability of these LPSs to induce TNF-α production except for B. fragilis LPS which was not effected by R. sphaeroides LPS. All different B. fragilis LPSs showed the ability to exert an antagonist effect on different E. coli on production of TNF-α or IL-1β from both human monocytes and THP-1 cell lines, which indicated that there was not such a profound effect of the extraction method in totally changing the bioactivity of specific LPS. Moreover, unpurified or purified LPSs of B. fragilis on the one hand and heat killed bacteria of B. fragilis from different capsular polysaccharide populations on the other hand all showed an obvious TLR2 signalling specificity but not TLR4 specificity. This adds further evidence that different LPS extraction methods with or without applying a repurification procedure do not change the TLR specificity of the B. fragilis LPS.
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Johnson, Mary Elaine. "Production planning and productivity methods for a molding manufacturing facility." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33531.
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Gaustad, Gabrielle G. "Stochastic methods for improving secondary production decisions under compositional uncertainty." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55075.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Computation for Design and Optimization Program, 2009.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-80).
A key element for realizing long term sustainable use of any metal will be a robust secondary recovery industry. Secondary recovery forestalls depletion of non-renewable resources and avoids the deleterious effects of extraction and winning (albeit by substituting some effects of its own). For most metals, the latter provides strong motivation for recycling; for light metals, like aluminum, the motivation is compelling. Along aluminum's life-cycle there are a variety of leverage points for increasing the usage of secondary or recycled materials. This thesis aims to improve materials decision making in two of these key areas: 1) blending decisions in manufacturing, and 2) alloy design decisions in product development. The usage of recycled aluminum in alloy blends is greatly hindered by variation in the raw material composition. Currently, to accommodate compositional variation, firms commonly set production targets well inside the window of compositional specification required for performance reasons. Window narrowing, while effective, does not make use of statistical sampling data, leading to sub-optimal usage of recycled materials. This work explores the use of stochastic programming techniques which allow explicit consideration of statistical information on composition. The computational complexity of several methods is quantified in order to select a single method for comparison to deterministic models, in this case, a chance-constrained model was optimal. The framework and a case study of cast and wrought production with available scrap materials are presented.
(cont.) Results show that it is possible to increase the use of recycled material without compromising the likelihood of batch errors, when using this method compared to conventional window narrowing. The chance-constrained framework was then extended to improving the alloy design process. Currently, few systematic methods exist to measure and direct the metallurgical alloy design process to create alloys that are most able to be produced from scrap. This is due, in part, to the difficulty in evaluating such a context-dependent property as recyclability of an alloy, which will depend on the types of scraps available to producers, the compositional characteristics of those scraps, their yield, and the alloy itself. Results show that this method is effective in, a) characterizing the challenge of developing recycling-friendly alloys due to the contextual sensitivity of that property; b) demonstrating how such models can be used to evaluate the potential scrap usage of alloys; and (c) exploring the value of sensitivity analysis information to proactively identify effective alloy modifications that can drive increased potential scrap use.
by Gabrielle G. Gaustad.
S.M.
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Neubert, Joshua 1981. "Analysis of lunar oxygen production methods under varying lunar conditions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/114109.
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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2003.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Page 36 missing from original thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 37).
This research thesis compares the major, most feasible methods of providing the needed amounts of oxygen on the lunar surface for a future human mission. Past studies are combined to provide a comprehensive look at each process and their processing requirements (for example, the mass a processing plant requires, the speed at which the oxygen could be produced, and the cost of setting up such a processing system). There are three methods of in-situ oxygen production that will be researched: hydrothermal reduction, carbothermal reduction, and water/ice electrolysis. Transportation from the Earth is also noted as a basis of comparison. These three methods were chosen because they are the three simplest, most studied methods of regolith reduction to produce oxygen. There have been several studies done on these methods from which I base my research. Pure electrolysis is being studied because of the possibility of water ice at the lunar poles. All three processes are compared and analyzed under various lunar constraints. These constraints limit the feedstock of the system at different locations on the lunar surface. It is found that the water ice concentrations estimated at the north-pole are significantly above that needed to make ice electrolysis the most beneficial method of extraction. However, in mid-latitudes and the south-pole such a definite conclusion is not yet seen. In the south polar regions if the water ice concentration is in the lower half of the bound estimated then ice electrolysis is not the most beneficial, yet if it is in the upper half it will be at least more beneficial than the hydrothermal process, if not the most beneficial. More research must be conducted on the carbothermal system to make definite analysis quantitatively conclusive.
by Joshua Neubert.
S.B.
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Jewad, Raeid. "Novel methods for production of pharmaceutical tablets with complex geometries." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614052.
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Ward, Samantha. "The welfare and production implications of fostering methods in sheep." Thesis, University of Northampton, 2013. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/7050/.
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Fostering is a method used by shepherds that allows the successful rearing of abandoned lambs onto other ewes, or the ability to provide surplus lambs a new mother in the case of triplets. Past research has focused on the success rates of the varying methods available, however, more research is needed to increase the knowledge about commonly selected fostering methods and the behaviour, welfare and production implications of the different methods used. Questionnaires were distributed at national farming events targeting registered sheep farms around the UK to establish which foster methods were currently in use and to collate the farmers opinions of their usage in modern day sheep farming. An experimental study was carried out to assess the welfare and production implications of the use of these methods. 84 ewes were allocated to one of the three experimental foster methods or the control group (twin lambing). They were also classified according to their lambing experience (multiparous or primiparous). Behavioural observations were conducted post-foster on the ewes and their lambs. The ewes’ salivary cortisol concentration and heart rate frequency were also monitored at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 180 minutes post-foster. To assess the production implications of the different foster methods, lamb weights and body measurements were taken at 0, 7, 30, 90 and 180 days of age to asses growth rates. Lambs were weaned at 3 months of age and remained at pasture until slaughter, at approximately 6 months of age. The lambs’ carcass quality was assessed by means of weights, zoometric measurements and conformation scores and some meat quality parameters (ultimate pH, water holding capacity and colour) were also investigated. 93% of farmers used fostering, preferring to foster rather than artificially rear lambs. Almost two-thirds favoured birth fluids (64%) and 19% of farmers used restraint crates, The most popular combination of foster methods was cervical stimulation plus birth fluids (CSBF). Exploratory factor analysis showed two main components helping farmers to decide which foster method to use, the ewes’ health and welfare and the farmers previous knowledge and success of a foster method. Birth fluids, restraint and CSBF were methods selected for behavioural data, showing that negative behaviours were significantly higher for restrained ewes compared to other treatments. Restrained ewes also showed significantly higher heart rates and salivary cortisol concentrations. Production data showed that ewe reared lambs gained significantly more weight than artificially reared lambs up to 90 days of age. However, there was no difference from that time until slaughter. Conformation and chest roundness scores were significantly better for ewe reared lambs compared to artificially reared ones. Foster methods did not have any significant effect on the growth rates, carcass or meat quality measurements for the lambs studied. The majority of farmers selected to use birth fluids, seen as a welfare friendly and less-invasive method of fostering. However, some farmers selected the restraint method based on the urgency of the lambs to receive milk and to avoid artificial rearing. The restraint crates caused significant changes to the ewes’ behaviour and increased their heart rates and cortisol concentrations, indicating a higher level of distress that could be compromising the ewes welfare. Lamb growth rates, carcass and meat quality were not affected by the different foster methods, proved that successfully established foster methods of any kind have no differential implications for the farms productivity (under UK commercial practices). Artificially reared lambs did show worse carcass conformation, suggesting that ewe rearing, and therefore fostering, offers advantages for the productivity of sheep farmers.
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WU, YINING. "Will different pretreatment methods influence the biogas production of seaweeds." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-37396.
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Global warming along with energy demand and rising prices of natural energy resources have motivated studies to find some renewable and clean energy. The use of algae as third generation biofuel can avoid the competition for farmland and algae can be considered as a potential future source of renewable energy. Algae can be used for biogas production through anaerobic digestion (AD). Fucus vesiculosus and Fucus serratus are the two dominating species of brown seaweed growing in the Baltic sea in the southwest of Sweden. Pretreatment can significantly affect the biogas production since hydrolysis of algae cell wall structure is a rate-limiting step in AD process. In this study, four different pretreatments: mechanical, microwave (600W, 2min), ultrasonic (110V, 15min), and microwave combined with ultrasonic (600W, 2min;110V, 15min) were applied to the seaweed and then co-digested with biogas plant leachate. The aim was to investigate the biogas production and methane yield from AD after these pretreatments. The results showed when comparing with mechanical pretreated only, that the ultrasonic, ultrasonic combined with microwave and microwave pretreatments could obtain increased cumulative methane yields with 167%, 185% and 156% , respectively. The maximum methane yield was 260 ml/g∙VS with combined pretreatment after 20 days of digestion. The ultrasonic combined with microwave pretreatment showed a significant improvement of methane yield when comparing with mechanical pretreatment.
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Pennell, R. D. "Batch and continuous fermentation methods for the production of dextransucrase." Thesis, Aston University, 1991. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/9758/.
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The available literature concerning dextransucrase and dextran production and purification has been reviewed along with the reaction mechanisms of the enzyme. A discussion of basic fermentation theory is included, together with a brief description of bioreactor hydrodynamics and general biotechnology. The various fermenters used in this research work are described in detail, along with the various experimental techniques employed. The micro-organism Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B512 (F) secretes dextransucrase in the presence of an inducer, sucrose, this being the only known inducer of the enzyme. Dextransucrase is a growth related product and a series of fed-batchfermentations have been carried out to extend the exponential growth phase of the organism. These experiments were carried out in a number of different sized vessels, ranging in size from 2.5 to 1,000 litres. Using a 16 litre vessel, dextransucrase activities in excess of 450 DSU/cm3 (21.67 U/cm3) have been obtained under non-aerated conditions. It has also been possible to achieve 442 DSU/cm3 (21.28 U/cm3) using the 1,000 litre vessel, although this has not been done consistently. A 1 litre and a 2.5 litre vessel were used for the continuous fermentations of dextransucrase. The 2.5 litre vessel was a very sophisticated MBR MiniBioreactor and was used for the majority of continuous fermentations carried out. An enzyme activity of approximately 108 DSU/cm3/h (5.20 U/cm3/h) was achieved at a dilution rate of 0.50 h-1, which corresponds to the maximum growth rate of the cells under the process conditions. A number of continuous fermentations were operated for prolonged periods of time, with experimental run-times of up to 389 h being recorded without any incidence of contamination. The phenomenon of enzyme enhancement on hold-up of up to 100% was also noted during these fermentations, with dextransucrase of activity 89.7 DSU/cm3/h (4.32 U/cm3/h) being boosted to 155.7 DSU/cm3 (7.50 U/cm3) following 24 hours of hold-up. These findings support the recommendation of a second reactor being placed in series with the existing vessel.
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Morita, shigeru. "Improved methods for production of useful recombinant proteins in eukaryotes." Kyoto University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150355.
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Cornuelle, Tracy Lee. "Alternative methods for the production and modification of natural products." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187417.
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Alternative methods for the production of several triterpenoid compounds were investigated. The first compound, 15-glucopyranosylglaucarubolone, has been isolated from the desert plant Castela emoryi (Gray) Moran and Felger (Simaroubaceae) and has been found to have potent activity against grape downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) (Hoffmann et al., 1992). During the course of this research, methods for the production of C. emoryi callus, suspension, root, and shoot cultures were developed. These cultures were analyzed via HPLC for the presence of 15-glucopyranosylglaucarubolone as well as two other closely related compounds, glaucarubolone and holacanthone. Biotransformation of holacanthone and glaucarubolone was also investigated as a means of producing 15-glucopyranosylglaucarubolone. Microbial transformation of holacanthone by five different microbes produced glaucarubolone but not the glucoside. Excised root cultures of Castela emoryi successfully converted glaucarubolone into the active metabolite 15-glucopyranosylglaucarubolone. The excised shoot culture, on the other hand, converted glaucarubolone into the acetylated compound, holacanthone. The second half of this investigation involved the feasibility of converting three triterpenoids (incanilin, argentatin A, and argentatin B) from the hybrid, Parthenium argentarum x Parthenium tomentosa, into biologically active compounds. These compounds, which are isolated in high yields from the hybrid, are structurally similar to two compounds that have biological activity. Deacetoxypapyrific acid, from the plant Betula glandulosa has been found to have rodent antifeedant activity (Williams et al., 1992). Polacandrin from the plant Polanisia dodecandra, has cytotoxic activity (Shi et al., 1992). Microbial 12β-hydroxylation was investigated as a first step towards generating the desired activities. Microbial transformation of incanilin acetate and argentatin A acetate by Septomyxa affinis and Gibberella saubinetii generated the 3-keto reduction metabolites, 20,24-epoxy-lanost-8-ene-3,25-diol-16-acetate and 20,24-epoxy-cycloart-3,25-diol-16-acetate. In addition, the S. affinis transformations also produced several interesting A-ring scission products: 20,24-epoxy-3,4-seco-lanost-8-ene-4,25-diol-16-acetyl-3-oic acid; 20,24-epoxy-3,4-seco-cycloart-4,25-diol-16-acetyl-3-oic acid; 20,24-epoxy-3,4- seco-lanost-1,8-diene-4,25-diol-16-acetyl-3-oic acid; 20,24-epoxy-3,4-seco-cycloart-1-ene-4,25-diol-16-acetyl-3-oic acid; and 20,24-epoxy-3,4-seco-lanost-1,4(28),8-triene-25-ol-16-acetyl-3-oic acid. In the process of isolating incanilin and argentatin A, a new, previously unreported triterpenoid, cycloart-25-ene-3-one-16,24-diol, was isolated and identified by spectral analysis as the 16-acetate, 16-acetoxy-cycloart-25-ene-3-one-24-ol.
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OUMAROU, AMADOU AMADOU. "SELECTIVE SUSTAINABLE COBALT RECOVERING METHODS FROM HARDMETAL PRODUCTION BY-PRODUCTS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/294327.
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The aim of the present work is to study new sustainable solvometallurgical routes for the selective Co-leaching from WC-Co-based "HardMetals" (HM) recovery powders, with the view to turn these hazardous by-products of the HM manufacturing process in valued secondary materials to be directly re-employed for industrial purposes.
An overview on HM, their peculiar properties as well as the criticalities related to their main constituents, W and Co, is provided in Chapter 1, besides the green chemistry-based approach this thesis would like to follow for pursuing the scope of a sustainable and profitable circular economy model in HM manufacturing, through the identification of sustainable leaching systems (PART I) and the design of sustainable processes for industrial application (PART II).
Bio-derived organic acids for hydrometallurgy are described in Chapter 2. They are classified on the bases of the oxidizing specie involved in leaching process (H+ or O2) and tested on Co-metal powder as well as on the HM test specimens. Several of them demonstrated high leaching efficiency and selectivity in Co-dissolution from WC-Co powders, preserving WC for following application. A selection of acids working in non-water solvents like alcohols were studied in Chapter 3, maleic acid ethanolic solutions showing to be the most interesting for solvometallurgy. Chapter 4 investigates soft- and hard-donor ligand-based solvometallurgy in the presence of iodine as external, recyclable and safe oxidizing agent. S-donor organic ligand/I2 systems demonstrated to be the most powerful with Co-leaching times significantly shorter than those found in acidic-solvometallurgy. Very promising was lactate/I2 system that coupled high effectiveness and sustainability being based on the use of a low cost, biodegradable and bio-derived ligand.
On the bases of the obtained results of PART I, PART II - Chapter 5 reports the scale-up of lactic, succinic and maleic acid-based leaching processes as well as the preliminary results on materials recovery for applicative HM production. Besides the confirmation of leaching efficiency and selectivity towards Co, the chapter points out the high quality of the recovered materials, prone to be used for industrial purposes. Supported by the successful experimentation, attempts of designing sustainable and profitable circular economy models in HM manufacturing, based on the use of dairy waste as source of lactic acid both for hydro- and solvo-metallurgical treatments, are proposed and discussed in Chapter 6 in the light of the idea that the greater the sustainability the greater the profitability of the model. The overall conclusions of the thesis are finally discussed in Chapter 7.
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Ouyang, Jintao. "Cumulative quantity control chart and maintenance strategies for industrial processes." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31121184.
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Ross, Wanda. "The Westray Mine explosion: The production of a public inquiry." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9299.
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The Westray Mine disaster, that occurred on May 9, 1992 in Pictou County, Nova Scotia led to the death of twenty-six miners and has been linked to gross corporate violations. A public inquiry into the Westray Mine explosion was called on May 15, 1992 by Nova Scotia premier Donald Cameron. In this thesis a qualitative discourse analysis is applied to the examination of the Westray Mine Inquiry Report, the seventy-four recommendations from the Inquiry and a sample of the Inquiry transcripts. This research includes the exploration of the key players, problematizations which emerged in the discourse, the formal and informal rules and the relationships of truth and power. There is also an analysis of several key themes, including: the nature of the Inquiry discourse, the Inquiry's conceptualization of risk and its construction of the distinction between the private and public sectors. The theoretical framework for this thesis was provided by literature on governmentality which I found particularly pertinent to the analysis of public inquiries. In this thesis, the governmentality framework was helpful in formulating research questions and an analytics of government approach provided useful research guidelines for my study. Public inquiries are also analyzed as an example of reflexive government since they react to governability problems by including the public and developing recommendations for changes in the governing style. The aim of this thesis is to examine how the Westray Mine Inquiry evolved as a form of governing. This is accomplished through an exploration of mechanisms, practices and discourses related to the production of the Inquiry. The thesis traces its frame of reference, formal and informal rules, power relations, hierarchies of knowledge, tactics, rules of inclusion and exclusion as well as the relationship between the Inquiry discourse and the final set of recommendations.
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Fozzard, Gary James Walter. "Simulation of clothing manufacture." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329525.
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There is considerable pressure on the U.K. clothing industry to remain competitive in the face of foreign competition. Market forces and the trend of decreasing contract sizes have produced perceived problems with current methods of production which, coupled with the inertia to radical change, justify research. Computer simulation is an established production management tool but its potential in clothing manufacture could not be inferred. Concentrating on progressive bundle systems as the dominant method of production, this research considers the capacity of simulation in this context. Factory-based studies identified factors affecting system performance which allowed a conceptual model with high face validity to be defined. The requirement to handle complex supervisory control strategies led to the identification of visual interactive simulation as an experimental route. A computerised model, with an appropriate user interface and reporting facilities, was developed in the ~Siman si@ulat~£~~Dguage __ This was supported by animated graphics which played a substantial role in the attainment of face validity. Replication was considered to be essential for sound estimates of system performance to be obtained from this stochastic model but, as interactive control works against replication, steps were taken to reduce compromise. Software development facilitated an experimental technique that employed interaction to develop a control strategy, which then became embedded in the model for replication. By providing control consistency between replications, a more reliable assessment of system sensitivity to stochastic variability was possible. Pilot runs and single factor analysis enabled the effect of controllable factors on system performance to be quantified. Supervisory control was found to have a major effect on system performance so that the need for consistency in interaction was amplified. Considering alternative experimental methods and the practical use of the model, application areas for simulation in the absence of real time data capture were identified and demonstrated. Each application offered significant advantage over currently available planning methods and the use of simulation was supported. Information from the model can be gained about the design and control of progressive bundle lines at the pre-production phase, and the output of performance indicators can be useful in assessing real production lines. The evidence presented by this research illustrates that animated simulation can provide insight that is otherwise unobtainable.
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Gilby, Caroline. "Studies on regeneration of watercress (Rorippa nasturtium aquaticum L. Hayek) in vitro." Thesis, University of Bath, 1988. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234675.
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Ramesh, Abishek Smith Jeffrey S. "Bottleneck detection and mitigation in serial production systems." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1298.
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Pangarad, Arm. "Applying decomposition methods to solve a stochastic available-to-promise problem." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3087.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2008.Vita: p. 104. Thesis director: Karla L. Hoffman. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Information Technology. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed July 7, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 100-103). Also issued in print.
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Jaeckle, Christiane M. "Product and process improvement using latent variable methods." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0006/NQ42853.pdf.
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Centeno, Luis E. "Application of demand flow technology to cable assembly production line." Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002centenol.pdf.
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Reinhardt, Timothy Patrick. "Empirical methods for comparing governance structure." Thesis, [Austin, Tex. : University of Texas, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2009-05-134.
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龐維宗 and Wai-chung Pong. "Interstage stock control for series production lines with variable operation times." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31207054.
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