Dissertations / Theses: 'Production landscapes'

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Friedman, Devyn Irene. "Fusing Landscapes: The Production of Self." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297565.

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The production of self is a complex process of discovery. In my thesis, I draw from the idea that landscapes have meaning for different people. I use images of the two places that have defined me as a scholar and an artist: California and Guatemala. In my work, I am interested in place as a function of memory; to me, thinking back to iconic images and where I spent a lot of time is more important than representing places as they "actually" are. In my thesis, these defining landscapes fuse together, weaving a complex fabric of my identity.

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McGirr, Diana Rosemary. "Legitimate landscapes: repositioning regional art production." Thesis, Curtin University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/48488.

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This thesis employs art history and critical ethnography to examine contemporary art production in the South West of Western Australia. Responding to a paucity of publications and critique, and a claim the art scene is ‘folksy’ and ‘not up-to speed’ with metropolitan art scenes, I argue that ‘being regional’ is a legitimate position on its own terms and as part of a growing global tendency to recognises the validity of regional contexts and perspectives.

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Fischer, Joern, and joern@cres anu edu au. "Beyond fragmentation : Lizard distribution patterns in two production landscapes and their implications for conceptual landscape models." The Australian National University. Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, 2004. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20060718.150101.

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Fauna conservation outside protected areas can make an important complementary contribution to conservation within reserves. This thesis aimed to contribute new information and analytical frameworks to the science of fauna conservation in human-modified landscapes. Two approaches were used: (1) empirical data collection and analysis, and (2) the discussion and development of conceptual landscape models. ¶ Empirical work focused on lizard distribution patterns in two production landscapes in southeastern Australia. Lizards were targeted because ectotherms are frequently neglected by conservation biologists. The Nanangroe grazing landscape was used for sheep and cattle grazing. In this landscape, approximately 85% of pre-European woodland cover had been cleared, and understorey vegetation was sparse. Lizards were surveyed at 16 landscape units, which were stratified by aspect, topographic position and amount of tree cover. Each landscape unit contained three sites, and each site contained three plots. Regression modelling showed that different species responded differently to their environment. For example, the four-fingered skink (Carlia tetradactyla) and Boulengers skink (Morethia boulengeri) were more likely to occur at woodland sites with northerly aspects, whereas the striped skink (Ctenotus robustus) and olive legless lizard (Delma inornata) were more likely to inhabit sites with a simple microhabitat structure. Statistical analysis further showed that the habitat attributes that lizards were related to varied continuously through space, and over different spatial scales. For example, invertebrate abundance (a proxy for food availability) varied most strongly over tens of metres, whereas the amount of grass cover varied most strongly over hundreds to thousands of metres. Thus, work at Nanangroe revealed spatially complex patterns of lizard occurrence and habitat variables. ¶ The Tumut plantation landscape was a spatial mosaic of native eucalypt (Eucalyptus) forest patches embedded within a plantation of the introduced radiata pine (Pinus radiata). In this landscape, thirty sites were surveyed for lizards. Sites were stratified by forest type and patch size, and included eucalypt patches, pine sites, and extensive areas of eucalypt forest adjacent to the plantation. Regression modelling showed that lizard species responded to various habitat attributes, including elevation, the amount of eucalypt forest within 1 km of a site, invertebrate abundance and ground cover. Variables related to habitat fragmentation often were significant predictors of lizard occurrence. However, work at Tumut suggested that important additional insights into lizard distribution patterns could be obtained by considering variables related to food and shelter resources, and climatic conditions. ¶ The Nanangroe and Tumut landscapes were in close proximity, but together spanned an altitudinal gradient of 900 m. An investigation of changes in lizard community composition with altitude showed that (1) only one species was common to Nanangroe and Tumut, (2) different species had different altitudinal preferences, and (3) ecologically similar species replaced one another with increasing altitude. These results highlighted that even in highly modified landscapes, natural gradients (such as climate) can play an important role in shaping animal assemblage composition and species distribution patterns. ¶ Empirical work suggested that, in some landscapes, the frequently used fragmentation model is a relatively weak conceptual basis for the study of animal distribution patterns. The fragmentation model implicitly assumes that habitat patches can be defined unequivocally across many species, and that patches are located within a relatively inhospitable matrix. Where these assumptions are breached, conservation guidelines arising from the fragmentation model may be too simplified. In spatially complex production landscapes, it may be more appropriate to maintain habitat heterogeneity at multiple spatial scales than to focus solely on the management of large, pre-defined patches. ¶ Given the potential limitations of the fragmentation model, a new, more holistic landscape model was developed. The continuum model was derived from continuum theory as developed for plant ecology. The continuum model recognises (1) spatial continua of environmental variables, and (2) species individualistic responses to these variables. For animals, key environmental variables may be related to the availability of food, shelter, sufficient space, and suitable climatic conditions. Unlike the fragmentation model, the continuum model is inherently process-based and thus may help to link the perceived gap between patterns and processes in landscape ecology. ¶ Three general conclusions arise from this thesis: 1. Some heterogeneous production landscapes support many native species, and therefore represent important conservation opportunities. 2. In some modified landscapes, the fragmentation model does not capture the complexity of animal distribution patterns. In those landscapes, conservation recommendations derived from the fragmentation model may be overly simplistic. 3. The continuum model may be a useful extension of the fragmentation model. It provides a process-based conceptual basis for empirical work on animal distribution patterns.

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Fischer, Joern. "Beyond fragmentation : lizard distribution patterns in two production landscapes and their implications for conceptual landscape models /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2004. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20060718.150101/index.html.

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Mattsson, Joar. "Productive landscapes and the cultural historical environment : Prototyping a small-scale productive system utilizing the immediate landscape." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Arkitekthögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-160022.

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The thesis is an investigation of global exploitation of nature, use of productive landscapes and itsremaining structures as the cultural historical environment. The further aim has been to seek analternative approach against a large-scale utilization of the environment through an elaborativeprocess of an architectural intervention, combining public space and local production. The thesisbackground is exploring the human activities and outcomes in exploited landscapes and is departingfrom the issue of an anthropocentric approach toward the environment. Further on, it analyzesdifferent mindset on natural resources in relation to the building of civilization and society, the ruralcontra the urban. Against the background of a linear withdrawal of resources and in the long-termlandscape productive decline, the aim is to prototype a productive infrastructure that works in acyclical manner, re-using energy and being less dependent on resources at a large-scale. Departingfrom the regional environment in Umeå and its traditional agricultural and former industrial use ofthe landscape, the intervention is tested by considering the principles of sustained life by theimmediate landscape. The aim has been to analyze and translate principles at the scale of landscape,farm and unit into a reproducible, productive infrastructure that harvest energy from recreation,cultivation, production and the condition of the topography.

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Vallet, Améline. "Tradeoffs between ecosystem services : From landscapes to stakeholders." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLA011.

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Les écosystèmes participent au bien-être des populations au travers de multiples services d’approvisionnement, de régulation et culturels. Un territoire ne peut pas forcément offrir tous ces services écosystémiques (SE) simultanément et à tous. Des conflits d’usage peuvent apparaitre, impliquant des arbitrages entre SE et entre acteurs. Cette thèse de doctorat propose une approche interdisciplinaire pour rendre compte de ces arbitrages. Elle vise plus précisément à répondre aux questions de recherche suivantes : Comment les configurations et les dynamiques temporelles des territoires influencent-elles les arbitrages entre SE et leurs conséquences pour les acteurs ? Comment décrire et étudier les arbitrages entre SE et leurs implications ? Les dynamiques temporelles des SE et l’effet de moteurs socio-économiques sont étudiés au Costa Rica en appliquant le cadre de la transition forestière pour révéler l’existence d’arbitrages entre SE au cours du temps. Plusieurs méthodes permettant de décrire les arbitrages entre SE (corrélations et frontières de production) sont comparées, notamment afin de discuter de leur pertinence pour différents cadres de décision. L’analyse de la distribution des bénéfices fournis par les SE et de la participation à la gestion des SE met en lumière les arbitrages entre acteurs dans le bassin du Mariño au Pérou
Ecosystems contribute to human well-being by providing multiple provisioning, regulating and cultural ecosystem services (ES, i.e. benefits of nature to people). Even though appealing, landscape multifunctionality is challenging and conflicts may appear between competitive uses. In this PhD thesis, we analyzed tradeoffs between ES resulting from landscape configurations and their implications for multiple stakeholders. More precisely, we addressed the following questions: How do landscape configuration and evolution determine the tradeoffs between ecosystem services and their implications for multiple stakeholders? How to study the tradeoffs between ecosystem services and their implications? We mobilized interdisciplinary methods, relying on ecology, economics and sociology. We proposed a framework for analyzing temporal changes of ES and linking socio-economic drivers to ES demand at different scales. We applied it to the upper part of the Reventazón watershed in Costa Rica to reveal tradeoffs between ES. We compared different methods for assessing ES tradeoffs (correlations and production frontiers) and discuss their relevance for different decision context. Finally, we highlighted the tradeoffs between stakeholders by analyzing the differentiated distribution of ES benefits and participation in the governance of ES in the Mariño watershed (Peru)

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Deakin, Elizabeth Louise. "Impacts of land-use intensification on forest remnants embedded within production landscapes." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8712.

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Agricultural expansion has transformed and fragmented natural forest habitats at an alarming rate, and dramatic increases in agricultural intensification have since taken place in order to keep pace with human population growth and food demands. This simultaneously poses a considerable threat to biodiversity in agricultural landscapes, as production land is now one of the largest terrestrial biomes on the planet. Therefore, its contribution to biodiversity conservation is critical. Links between the intensification of agricultural systems and ‘in situ’ declines of biodiversity on farmland have been well documented. However, despite growing recognition that system inputs such as fertiliser and livestock can move or ‘spillover’ into adjacent natural habitats, there has been no direct quantification of the extent of impacts in recipient ecosystems. These abiotic and biotic pathways can cause dramatic impacts on the diversity, composition, and functioning of remaining natural ecosystems, and on their ability to provide a variety of essential ecosystem services. Due to concerns regarding future food security, balancing trade-offs between agriculture and conservation has subsequently become a hot topic in ecological research. However, without any direct quantification of the off-site ecological impacts of agricultural intensification in mosaic landscapes, it is inherently difficult to fully evaluate strategies aimed at balancing production and conservation. Using New Zealand farming systems as a case study, this thesis aims to address gaps in our current understanding of how increasing agricultural intensification impacts biodiversity in native forest remnants embedded within production landscapes. The first main chapter explores whether the magnitude of ecological impact in forest remnants (for a suite of 26 response measures) and severity of edge effects, scale with the degree of land-use intensity in surrounding agricultural pastures. This chapter also examines whether ecological responses differ in remnants ‘spared’ for conservation purposes (i.e. where livestock are excluded by fencing). The second chapter uses a model food-chain approach native to New Zealand, to test whether nutrient spillover from agricultural pastures influences plant-herbivore and herbivore-parasitoid interactions in forest remnants. This chapter also includes a large-scale common garden fertilisation experiment using the same tri-trophic system, which was established to examine bottom-up multi-trophic responses to the independent and combined effects of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and cow dung and urine. The third main chapter uses a novel stable isotope approach for quantifying community-wide incorporation of resources into trophic structure. I test for the first time whether increasing intensity of farming systems drives greater nutrient spillover spatially into adjacent forest remnant soils and examine scaling effects of 15N (as a marker for anthropogenic N) through multiple trophic levels. Beyond finding that agricultural land-use intensity generally has negative off-site effects on biodiversity, the key findings of this thesis were (i) spillover of nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural systems into adjacent remnant soils is exacerbated by increases in land-use intensity, with (ii) percolating bottom-up effects on plant and insect community dynamics. (iii) The magnitude of ecological impacts in forest remnants scales linearly with increasing land-use intensity, as does (iv) direct anthropogenic N enrichment across multiple trophic levels, which has the potential to severely jeopardise the stability of ecologically important remnant habitats. (v) Although there were stark structural differences in remnants with and without livestock exclusion, impacts of land-use intensity on ecological response metrics were actually comparable across all sites. (vi) Livestock exclusion should be a priority first step towards conserving native forest remnants, however it should be recognised that fencing does not prevent abiotic channels of nutrient spillover (fertiliser drift, overland flow, leaching) in land characteristic of land spared for nature. (vii) Consequently, increasing land-use intensity compromises the effectiveness of the land-sparing trajectory for conserving native biodiversity, which is currently undertaken in New Zealand production systems. Given the overall strength of these findings and the novel, ecosystem-wide and landscape-scale approaches taken to address fundamental questions, the work in this thesis greatly enhances our knowledge of the relationships between agricultural productivity and ecological impacts in spatially-coupled ecosystems. This is highly important, not only in New Zealand but worldwide, as it is anticipated that unstoppable human population growth and food security pressures will cause ecological impacts both on the farm and in adjacent natural ecosystems to become even more severe. Therefore, determining the relationship between land-use intensification and biodiversity loss represents the cornerstone of sustainable agricultural development in the future.

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Vieira, Rosana Silva. "Paisagens invisíveis: os sertões de Ubatuba - SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16135/tde-17032010-103345/.

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A presente pesquisa investiga os processos de produção das paisagens dos sertões litorâneos no município de Ubatuba, extremo norte do litoral paulista, baseada no estudo de dois sertões: Poruba e Sesmaria. Pretende analisar e interpretar essas paisagens, numa abordagem que valoriza a experiência humana, focando na vivência dos lugares, seus diferentes usos, seus olhares e interpretações, seus estigmas e o cotidiano de seus moradores, a fim de compreender os processos sócio-espaciais desses bairros chamados sertões e suas formas de apropriação.
The present research examines productions processes of the coast backlands of Ubatuba, which is a town located at the north end of Sao Paulos coast, based on the study of two backlands: Poruba e Sesmaria. It intends to analyze and to interpret these landscapes, taking an approach that values the human experience, taking focus at the places existence, its different applications, looks and interpretations, its stigmas and the residents quotidian, in order to comprehend the procedures social and of space of these city districts, known as backlands and its ways of appropriation.

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Bruijn, Natasja de. "Lithic landscapes and taskscapes : obsidian procurement, production and use in west central Sardinia, Italy." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2006. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3765/.

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This thesis studies lithic landscapes and taskscapes from an explicit perspective of social practice. It explores the spatial and temporal dimensions of the three main interlocking lithic activities: procurement, production and use/discard. Five key concepts are used to explore human choice and interaction in these three fields: practice, knowledge, skill, strategy and tradition. Sardinia and the obsidian artefacts from the Riu Mannu Survey Project data have served as a case study. My research approach was developed to gain an understanding of the spatial and temporal developments of Sardinian lithic landscape and taskscapes. It has provided much-needed information on procurement and production strategies in Sardinia. Careful examination of the spatial and temporal interplay between source location, obsidian types, primary and secondary chaîne opératoires and aesthetic preferences has demonstrated that lithic practice is an inherently social day-to-day practice. Analysis has revealed a number of long-standing habitus in Sardinian lithic practice; procurement, production and use/discard strategies are not easily tied to specific regions or time periods. At the same time, variations also existed, and local choices are clearly visible. Production and use/discard is organised at a house-hold level and occurs primarily, but not exclusively, at permanent settlements. Part of the dataset has also shown that occasional and different activities occurred elsewhere. Moreover, this study revealed that so-called simple or expedient assemblages, especially single-stage flake, blade and mixed flake/blade reduction and bipolar flake reduction are skilfully knapped.

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Schaffer, M. J. "Spatial aspects of bumble bee (Bombus spp. Apidae) foraging in farm landscapes." Lincoln University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/2243.

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Bumble bees (Bombus spp.: Apidae) are valuable pollinators of many crop and wildflower species. However, in some situations their potential is limited. Evaluation of, and management to improve bumble bee efficacy should include spatial information which is currently limited. Distance and direction determine the success of gene flow via pollen cross-over within and between plant populations at several scales. Studies of movement by bumble bees at large scales in semi-natural and intensively managed habitats are scarce. Few studies of bumble bee dispersal from the nest exist, particularly in relation to crops. At a small scale, directional rather than random movement between flowers has benefits for pollen flow. Results to date of directionality studies at small scales and their interpretation are inconsistent. The purpose of this thesis was to assess distances and directions moved by foraging bumble bees at a range of scales in two contrasting farm habitats in order to predict their pollination potential. A novel method was developed to mark automatically all the occupants of nests of bumble bees B. terrestris (L.) placed around a Lucerne seed crop Medicago sativa L. in New Zealand. Reobservation data from eight nests showed that of bumble bees which foraged within the crop, 81 % travelled ≤ 50 m and 56% ≤ 20 m from their nest. Results should be interpreted with extreme caution because fewer than 1 % of bumble bees marked at nests were reobserved in the crop. Because it was not established where the other 99% of the bumble bees went, foraging areas for nests could not be calculated as anticipated. Theories to explain the non-specificity of bumble bees to the crop include; resource depletion near nests, competition with honey bees in the crop, or an evolved strategy to disperse in order to minimise nest predation. Lucerne flowers contained a significantly lower concentration of sugar in nectar, and significantly fewer pollen grains than did those of purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria L., a species on which bumble bees appeared to forage in preference Lucerne. The higher rewards offered by L. salicaria may have diverted bumble bees from the less-rewarding Lucerne crop. In a Norwegian meadow system, all foraging bouts by bumble bees B. lucorum (L.) within a patch of wood cranesbill flowers Geranium sylvaticum L. were random with respect to direction. This result is not consistent with predictions, based on optimal foraging theory, that movement should be directional to enable optimal pollen flow, and to avoid revisitation of just-emptied flowers by the pollinator. A medium-scale study of several bumble bee species moving between patches of northern wolfsbane Aconitum septentrionale Koelle in Norway revealed considerable loyalty by bumble bees to patches in which they were marked. In a different landscape-scale study (over 5 ha), several bumble bees exhibited a high degree of loyalty to areas in which they were marked (87% were reobserved ≤ 50 m from marking points). These restricted movement patterns are discussed in terms of potential pollen flow. Of 260 bumble bees marked, only five were recorded crossing between meadows, which could be a result of innate loyalty to small forage areas, an artefact of the sampling technique used, or forest boundaries acting as physical impediments to movement. In the future, spatial data of the type collected in this thesis will aid in the management of bumble bee populations to achieve both commercial and conservation goals. Spatial data can be applied to predict the optimal placement of artificially-reared nests, predict suitable isolation distances for pure seed crops, and aid in the positioning of supplementary forage sources and nest-site refuges.

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Watakabe, Takuma. "Controlling Factors for Hillslope Denudation by Soil Formation and Shallow Landsliding in Low-relief Landscapes under Contrasting Lithological Conditions." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253100.

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Salgueiro, Pedro Alexandre Marques da Silva. "Network analysis of connectivity thresholds in fragmented landscapes. A multi-species approach using birds in pine and oak forests." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/28598.

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Over the last decades, the pervasiveness of human activities has leading landscapes worldwide to experience unprecedented changes often resulting on the loss, simplification or fragmentation of habitats. Concomitantly, species diversity and the self-regulated ecological processes mediated by landscape are severely threatened. This thesis extends the theoretical considerations of the fragmentation conundrum into realworld fragmented landscapes to determine the effects of structural and functional landscape connectivity in mediating the spatial distribution of bird communities. We describe conceptual approaches to capture landscapes’ heterogeneity on different forest contexts to uncover the adequate surrogacy of the structural connectivity of the landscape. Critical ecological thresholds of forest cover are explored to preview community turnovers and establish the limits where populations are more sensitive. Finally, we demonstrate how functional connectivity mediates the spatial distribution of bird species and bird community composition. Our results point out that, though species reveal overall interdependent behaviour, they show highly specific responses to patch and landscape cues suggesting differences on how they perceive their quality and structure, respectively. Consequently, this denotes that the spatial distribution and composition of bird communities depend on the intrinsic ability of each species to move across the landscape (functional connectivity) and reach a patch, as well as on the capacity of patches to provide vital resources for different species. The implications of our findings leverage concrete and specific management strategies to prevent the downfall of avian diversity in the two most representative forest systems in Portugal: pine forest plantations and oak woodlands. We establish the limits beyond which major changes in community are expected and suggest practices that behold the maintenance of high bird diversity levels. Overall, we endorse sustainable approaches previewing exploitation alternatives that reconcile both human interests and the conservation of natural assets; Resumo: O impacto das actividades humanas nas paisagens tem promovido alterações sem precedentes a uma escala global nas últimas décadas, resultando na perda, simplificação ou fragmentação dos habitats. Consequentemente, a diversidade de espécies e os processos ecológicos associados à dinâmica paisagística encontram-se profundamente ameaçados. Nesta tese são explorados os efeitos da conectividade estrutural e funcional da paisagem na distribuição espacial de comunidades de aves, transferindo para um contexto de paisagens reais as considerações teóricas formuladas no âmbito da investigação em fragmentação. Para o efeito, são descritas diferentes abordagens conceptuais na caracterização da heterogeneidade da paisagem, aferindo a adequabilidade de descritores de conectividade estrutural, em diferentes contextos florestais. São explorados os limiares de sensibilidade ecológica e alteração das comunidades ao longo de um gradiente reflectindo a disponibilidade de recursos. Por último, é investigado o papel da conectividade funcional na distribuição espacial e a composição das comunidades de aves. Os resultados demonstram que a percepção da qualidade de habitat e da estrutura da paisagem é dependente da espécie embora existam relações de interdependência entre estas. Isto implica que a distribuição espacial e os processos inerentes à composição das comunidades dependam da capacidade de cada espécie em alcançar parcelas de habitat adequado (conectividade funcional), e da disponibilidade de recursos providenciada pelas mesmas em satisfazer um conjunto diverso de espécies. As implicações dos resultados obtidos estendem-se à aplicabilidade de estratégias de gestão concretas e específicas que previnem a perda de diversidade avifaunística nos sistemas florestais mais representativos de Portugal – plantações de pinheiro e montado –, nomeadamente através da identificação dos limites além dos quais estão previstas alterações significativas na comunidade, e sugerindo práticas que contemplam a manutenção de níveis elevados de diversidade. Abordagens sustentáveis associadas a estratégias alternativas de exploração contribuirão para conciliar os interesses humanos e a conservação dos valores naturais.

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Rais, Saadia Subah. "Can You Hear Me? Reflexive Feminist Methodologies and Diasporic Self-Representation in the Digital Age." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71763.

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In this exploratory thesis project, I consider what emerging approaches we can take as social scientists to showcase and critically engage self-representations of diasporic individuals, who often lack visibility and legibility within the dominant cultural archive. Filmmaking as a social research practice can provide rich audiovisual data, physical and social access to materials for nonacademics, and opportunities to document and share subjects' comments and settings without the limitations of transcription. This is especially salient in the emerging media landscape of Web 2.0, where digital communications technology applications (such as Facebook, Skype, and Snapchat) are accessible by a global audience, and can act as tools for cultural identity production by diasporic individuals. This project documents the experiences of several first- and second-generation Bangladeshi American immigrants in relation to digital communications technology advances within the past decade, for the purposes of collecting and sharing stories of diasporic individuals, offering a venue for self-expression through empathetic interviewing and collaborative oral history methods, and contributing to the American cultural archive in the context of emerging media and academic landscapes. The full project is comprised of this text document, alongside a short documentary film containing portions of audiovisual data from interviews which can be found at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oh9puazpdrw.
Master of Science

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Gatien-Tournat, Amandine. "Spécificités de l'agriculture dans les vallées principales du bassin versant de la Maine." Thesis, Le Mans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LEMA3003/document.

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La thèse examine les relations entre l'activitéagricole et le milieu qu'elle transforme : l'intérêt estici porté aux vallées. Dans ces espaces spécifiquesen matière de sols, de topographie et de modesd'écoulement, l'activité agricole doit s'adapter,valoriser ou surmonter les spécificités naturelles,tout en répondant à des attentes sociales fortes(qualité de l'eau et des paysages, aménagementdes cours d'eau, biodiversité...). L'espaced’analyse est constitué des trois principales valléesdu bassin de la Maine (Loir, Mayenne et Sarthe).Ces vallées de l'Ouest concentrent des fonctions etusages variés, dont l'agriculture représente l'un desprincipaux éléments structurants.Il est d'abord montré en quoi l'agriculture desvallées considérées est spécifique des points devue environnemental et socio-économique, àl'échelle du bassin versant jusqu'à celle de zonesd'études de quelques communes en vallée, et defaçon diachronique (du XIXe siècle à l'époqueactuelle). Puis, des entretiens auprès d'agriculteursà l'échelle des exploitations agricoles permettentd'accéder à la diversité des prises en compte d'unmême milieu, caractérisé par des contraintesd'hydromorphie dans le fond de vallée et de pentesur les versants. Les usages spécifiques à la valléesont mis en évidence : types de cultures,accessibilité des parcelles, type d'usage dufourrage herbager, etc. Enfin, grâce à huit critèresd'ordres quantitatifs et qualitatifs, tels que ladispersion des parcellaires, les dynamiquesd'usages des terres de vallée ou la relation à l'eau,une typologie d'exploitations est construite sur troisniveaux d'appréciation de la vallée portée par lesagriculteurs
This PhD thesis analyzes relationships betweenfarming activity and its local environment,precisely in the valleys. In these valleyenvironments that have specific features in termsof soils, topography and water flows modes,farming activities have to adapt, take advantage orcope with the natural features, as well as satisfyresource management requirements (such aswater and landscapes quality, riverbankmanagement, biodiversity...). The case study fieldis made of the three main valleys of a basin inwestern France, Maine river basin (Loir, Mayenneand Sarthe rivers). In these valleys areconcentrated several functions and social uses, inwhich agriculture represents one of the mostdominant elements. First, it is shown thatagriculture is specific in these valleys in terms ofenvironmental conditions and socio-economicalcontext, at different scales (from basin level tostudy areas level composed of a few municipalitiesin valleys), and throughout time (from 19th centuryuntil today). Then, interviews with farmers at thefarming system level give access to the variety ofassessments of a same local environment, namelythe bottom of the valley characterized by wet soilsand sloped sides. Specific land uses in the valleysare revealed from these investigations: kinds ofcrops, plots accessibility, grass forage types, etc.Finally, the selection of eight qualitative andquantitative criteria, such as distribution of plots,land use dynamics or nature of the relationship towater resources in the valley, has allowed us tobuild a typology of three types of farms, based onthe level of appreciation of the valley environmentby farmers

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Guan, Tao. "Alternative Food Production Landscape in Stockholm." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254557.

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McDonnell, Timothy Gerard. "Urban fusion: creating integrated productive landscapes." Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9182.

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Master of Landscape Architecture
Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Lee R. Skabelund
Urban agriculture is an industry located within or in close proximity to a town, city or a metropolis, which grows, raises, processes and distributes a diversity of food to that urban area (Mougeot 2000). Traditionally, agricultural practices have been viewed as fringe or rural activities that do not belong in urban centers. As cities continue to grow, the distance between food production and consumers increases. On average, a meal eaten in America has traveled approximately 1,500 miles from field to plate (Hill 2008). This distance creates a system that requires food to be imported to cities and removes physical connections between urban populations and their source of food. Increased distances raise concerns of food security as urban areas are now dependent on outside sources. It will continue to be an issue in the future with fossil fuel depletion and the influence this will have on transportation costs and the cost of food. The quality of life in urban areas has also been compromised as centers grow. Individuals get lost in the fast-paced lifestyle of cities and lose the ability to interact socially. As urban populations continue to grow, it will be crucial to create centers that provide potential for a prosperous future. The placement of integrated productive landscapes in cities focuses food production locally while providing public spaces that encourage community interaction, helping transform the urban environment. Like many cities, Kansas City, Missouri has created an urban structure void of food production, relying on food from outside sources. Additionally, the city lacks public spaces deterring community and social interaction. Integrated productive landscapes are presented as opportunities to introduce agriculture into the urban fabric using suitable sites located in the very heart of the city. In this report, the Interstate 670 Corridor is re-envisioned as a productive landscape used to connect the community to local food and encourage social interaction. The corridor demonstrates the seamless integration of agriculture into Kansas City’s urban core, creating a multi-functional productive space that fuses with the public realm in a way that can be appreciated by those who experience it.

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Correll, David. "Optimized landscape plans for bio-oil production." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1464191.

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Palliere, Augustin. "" Un sac de riz vide ne tient pas debout ". Dynamiques agraires régionales et marginalisation de la paysannerie sierra-léonaise." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01055562.

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En Sierra Leone, la marginalisation de l'agriculture est une composante essentielle de la crise économique, sociale et politique dont la manifestation la plus tragique a été la guerre civile entre 1991 et 2001. À l'échelle nationale, le secteur agricole représente toujours la majorité des actifs, mais la production alimentaire a chuté depuis les années 1970. Parallèlement au développement du secteur diamantifère, les importations massives de riz à bas coût ont dévalorisé le travail des producteurs nationaux. Cette marginalisation se poursuit avec l'émergence, récente, d'un secteur agro-industriel financé par des capitaux internationaux. A l'échelle d'une petite région, cette crise des agricultures paysannes se décline selon une trajectoire spécifique. La diversité de la mosaïque paysagère témoigne de la transformation profonde des modes d'exploitation du milieu. Les paysans combinent la culture sur brûlis historique avec la riziculture inondée, le billonnage des savanes, les plantations pérennes, ... La pression démographique a pesé sur ces dynamiques mais c'est la marchandisation des rapports sociaux qui a constitué la tendance déterminante. Les grands groupes domestiques, structurés par les rapports lignagers, ont éclaté. Aujourd'hui, les échanges de force de travail entre producteurs sont à l'origine de disparités économiques non négligeables. Cependant, dans des conditions d'intégration économique défavorables, la productivité du travail a stagné voire à reculé. De ce fait, la persistance de rapports sociaux d'antériorité, notamment l'adoption enfantine comme modalité d'accumulation, limite les processus de différenciation au sein de la paysannerie.

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Mann, William T. "The fruits of landscape: the power of landscape in presenting sustainable food production." Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15665.

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Master of Landscape Architecture
Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional & Community Planning
Laurence A. Clement, Jr.
Our current agricultural system in the U.S. involves procedures that appear to maintain high levels of productivity. However, the long-term outlook regarding this system indicates an overall degradation of the ecological resources that generate the abundance of agricultural products to which we are accustomed (Lyle, 1994). This project applies sustainable food production strategies specifically addressed in permaculture as a regenerative alternative to industrial agriculture to a site on the Kansas State University campus. This research initiative quantifies the productive benefits of sustainable agriculture in providing for the Derby Dining Hall, and illustrates how sustainable food production strategies can be shaped through landscape form and space in ways that connect people with ecologically sound food production. The literature review addressed landscape architecture theory and sustainable agriculture. In addition, a set of interviews as well as three precedent studies helped to focus project considerations and to inform design decision-making. The site design process comprised the primary method for exploration and subsequent development of conclusions. The first two design iterations were performed with a specific focus on garden productivity and then garden form, with the third acting as a synthesis of the first two. The final plan suggests that there is a potential for a positive didactic experience of sustainable food production through the artful synthesis of landscape form, particularly with regard to carefully arranged circulation patterns. In addition it was found that, given the average growing season rainfall of 3 inches per month, the water harvested from the roofs of Moore and West residence halls can support over 7,300 square feet of intensive produce beds with a 1 inch per week application rate. In regard to food production, select non-bulk items on Derby Dining Hall’s menu (e.g. Parsley, Garlic, Basil, Kale, Radishes, Turnips, & Oregano) can be provided for or supplemented entirely, given the designed array of produce in the proposed gardens. It would appear that incorporating permaculture and organic farming strategies into the campus fabric would facilitate K-State Housing and Dining’s efforts to promote healthy food -- and sustainable thinking -- by increasing the variety, freshness and interest of its menu.

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Blomqvist, Lovisa. "Attractive landscape and biofuel production - a possible combination? /." Uppsala : Department of Bioenergy, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/10330892.pdf.

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Palhinhas, Alexandre Galrito. "Landscape and energy: from planning to landscape integration of infrastructures for renewable energy production." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/15525.

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Esta dissertação é uma reflexão sobre os distúrbios climáticos devido à actividade humana e sua dependência histórica dos combustíveis fósseis para produzir energia. Chama a atenção para a necessidade do uso de energia renovável e que medidas podem ser tomadas para tal, respondendo a algumas questões neste contexto: que tipo de estruturas existem para produzir diferentes tipos de energia renovável? E no caso específico dos parques eólicos: que impactos podem ter na paisagem? O objectivo da tese é identificar os critérios mais importantes a considerar no planeamento de áreas destinadas à instalação de parques eólicos. Assumindo que a produção de energia renovável exige a instalação de estruturas, é importante uma análise cuidada no planeamento destas áreas. A tese não estabelece regras aplicáveis a todos os casos. Cada paisagem tem as suas próprias características e é percebida de forma diferente por cada pessoa; ABSTRACT:The study is a reflection on the climate disturbances due to human activity and its historic dependence on fossil fuels to produce energy. It notes the need for the use of renewable energy and what steps can be taken for such, addressing some issues in this context: what kind of structures exists to produce different types of renewable energy? And in the specific case of wind farms: what impacts have in the landscape? The aim of this thesis is to identify the most important criteria to consider when thinking about planning an area for a wind farm installation. Assuming that the production of renewable energy requires the installation of structures, is important to care on the planning of these places. The thesis does not establish any formula that applies anywhere. Each landscape has its own characteristics and is perceived differently by the people.

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van, Schalkwyk Julia. "Biodiversity conservation in a fragmented landscape : arthropod assemblages in smaller corridors within a production landscape." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96752.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Habitat loss and fragmentation are major threats to global biodiversity. A cornerstone of traditional conservation involves setting aside land as formally protected areas (PAs). However, for effective biological conservation in the long term there needs to be connectivity between these PAs. When possible, improved connectivity can be achieved using natural corridors at a landscape scale. Even better is to establish a network of corridors and nodes in the form of ecological networks (ENs). ENs are currently being employed by commercial forestry companies in South Africa. While larger corridors and nodes are considered optimum, factors other than design, such as management and environmental heterogeneity, have also been found to be important for species maintenance. This study aims to explore the role of corridor width in driving the composition of invertebrate assemblages across a transformed landscape in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, and to investigate other possible environmental variables significant for species distributions. In Chapter 2, I investigated the contribution of smaller grassland corridors within a timber production matrix to overall biodiversity conservation using two important bioindicator taxa. Ants and dung beetles were sampled in grassland corridors of three size classes, plantation blocks and a nearby PA, iMpendle Nature Reserve. The two taxa showed differential responses to landscape level fragmentation. Dung beetles showed a decrease in species richness and corresponding increase in species turnover with increased fragmentation, while ants were unaffected, although counter intuitively smaller corridors even contained more unique ant species compared to larger corridors. Dung beetle assemblages also showed strong differences between the PA and grassland corridors. While the conservation effectiveness of large corridors undoubtedly exceeds that of smaller corridors, for ants it seems that smaller corridors contribute to their overall conservation within this production landscape. In Chapter 3, I explore the importance of spatial and environmental factors for species distribution across this landscape. Dung beetles were split into functional guilds according to size and nesting behaviour for analyses. Within grassland corridors, tunnelling dung beetle species richness was sensitive to landscape level fragmentation, especially for larger species, while elevation and vegetation type influenced ant species richness. Since rolling dung beetles showed a close association with the PA, the marked difference in dung beetle assemblages between these two land-uses may be due to the presence of pellet producing grazers in the protected area and their replacement by pat producing cattle in the grassland corridors. Other environmental variables that were found to be important for dung beetle species composition were elevation, vegetation type, and soil hardness. For ant species composition, only elevation was found to be important. In conclusion, as large corridors were comparable to the PA in dung beetle and ant species richness, ENs act as extensions of formally PAs, given that they are large enough. Nevertheless, smaller corridors had surprisingly high species richness. Including additional information other than species data improved our knowledge of the underlying factors that drive dung beetle species composition. Even though dung beetle and ant species responded differentially to habitat fragmentation, environmental heterogeneity seemed important for both taxa. Incorporating habitat heterogeneity into the current management scheme may improve the conservation effectiveness within this transformed landscape.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die vermindering en fragmentasie van natuurlike habitat is ‘n groot bedreiging vir globale biodiversiteit. ‘n Belangrike tradisionele benadering tot natuurbewaring behels die afbakening van land vir formele beskermde areas (BAs). Ten einde effektiewe biologiese bewaring oor die langtermyn te verseker moet daar verbinding wees tussen hierdie BAs. Indien moontlik kan verbeterde verbinding verkry word deur die gebruik van natuurlike gange op ŉ landskaps-vlak. Nog beter is om ŉ netwerk van gange en nodes in die vorm van ekologies netwerke (ENe) saam te stel. ENe word tans deur kommersiële bosboumaatskappye in Suid Afrika aangewend. Terwyl groter gange en nodes as optimaal beskou word, is ander faktore behalwe ontwerp, soos bestuur en omgewingsheterogeniteit, ook al gevind as belangrik vir die onderhouding van spesies. Hierdie studie is gemik daarop om die rol van gangwydte as dryfkrag vir die samestelling van invertebraatversamelings oor ŉ getransformeerde landskap in KwaZulu-Natal, Suid-Afrika, te ondersoek, asook ander moontlike omgewingsveranderlikes wat belangrik vir spesiesverpreidings kan wees. In Hoofstuk 2 het ek die bydrae van kleiner gange tot totale biodiversiteit-bewaring ondersoek deur twee belangrike bio-indikator taxa te bestudeer. Miere en miskruiers is versamel in grasland-gange van drie grootte-klasse, plantasie blokke en ‘n naby geleë BA, iMpendle Natuurreservaat. Die twee taxa het verskillende reaksies tot landskaps-vlak fragmentasie getoon. Miskruiers het ‘n verlaging in spesiesrykheid en ‘n gesamentlike verhoging in spesiesomset met verhoogde fragmentasie gewys, terwyl miere nie geaffekteer is nie, alhoewel kleiner gange het trouens meer unieke mierspesies bevat as groter gange. Die miskruierversamelings in die BA het ook opmerklik verskil van dié in die grasland-gange. Alhoewel die bewaringsdoeltreffendheid van groot gange beslis dié van kleiner gange oorskry, kom dit voor dat kleiner gange wel bydra tot die totale bewaring van miere binne hierdie produksielandskap. In Hoofstuk 3 het ek die belangrikheid van ruimtelike en omgewingsfaktore vir spesiesverspreiding oor hierdie landskap ondersoek. Miskruiers is ook in funksionele groepe verdeel volgens grootte en nes-gedrag vir aparte analise. Binne grasland-gange was tonnellende miskruierspesies sensitief vir landskaps-vlak fragmentasie, veral groter spesies, terwyl hoogte bo seevlak en vegetasie tipe mier spesiesrykheid beïnvloed het. Aangesien rollende miskruierspesies ‘n nabye assosiasie met die BA gewys het, mag die opmerklike verskil in miskruier versamelings tussen hierdie twee grondgebruike ŉ gevolg wees van die aanwesigheid van korrel-mis produserend beweiders in die BA en hulle vervanging deur nat-mis produserende beeste in die grasland-gange. Omgewingsveranderlikes uitsluitende ganggrootte wat belangrik gevind is vir miskruier spesiessamestelling was hoogte bo seevlak, vegetasie tipe en grond-hardheid. Vir mier spesiessamestelling was slegs hoogte bo seevlak belangrik. Om af te sluit, aangesien groot gange vergelykbaar was met die BA in miskruier en mier spesiesrykheid, tree ENe op as uitbreidings van BAs, mits hulle groot genoeg is. Desnieteenstaande het kleiner gange ‘n verbasende hoë spesiesrykheid gehad, veral onder miere. Die insluiting van addisionele inligting buiten spesiesdata het ons kennis van die onderliggende faktore wat miskruier spesiessamestelling dryf verbeter. Alhoewel miskruier- en mierspesies verskillend gereageer het op habitat fragmentasie, het dit voorgekom asof omgewingsheterogeniteit belangrik was vir die spesiesverspreiding van beide taxa. Die insluiting van habitatheterogeniteit binne die huidige bestuursplan mag die doeltreffendheid van bewaring binne hierdie getransformeerde landskap verbeter.

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Witmer, Robert K. "Water Use of Landscape Trees During Pot-In-Pot Production and During Establishment in the Landscape." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30199.

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Water conservation and pollution concerns from nutrient runoff will very likely dictate precise irrigation regimes for nursery managers in Virginia. Maximum plant growth with minimum input of water and fertilizer is becoming increasingly important. Therefore, water use and growth of red and sugar maple (Acer rubrum L. 'Franksred' and Acer saccharum Marsh.) were studied during two years of pot-in-pot (P+P) production and during three years after transplanting to field soil. Three major experiments were completed. The first experiment studied the effect of frequent irrigation (three-times-a-day) versus standard once-a-day irrigation and found that frequent irrigation increased trunk diameter growth of sugar maples in the second production cycle and for red maples in both production cycles. Height growth of neither species was affected by frequent irrigation. A study of sap flow pattern indicated that late day water stress of red maples was partially alleviated by frequent irrigation. In the second experiment, red and sugar maples were transplanted to field soil after one (1-yr) or two (2-yr) years of P+P production. Irrigation frequency requirement decreased as the trees grew and depended on environmental conditions, size at planting, source of water (rainfall versus irrigation) and species. Height and trunk diameter of 1-yr red maple was equal to that of 2-yr trees after only one year. Height and trunk diameter differences between 1-yr and 2-yr sugar maple trees persisted three years after transplanting. In the third experiment water use of 1-yr and 2-yr red and sugar maple while in P+P production was investigated. Four models of daily water-use were developed. A simple model that is suitable for growers includes species, trunk cross-sectional area (BA) and air temperature (TA) observations. An environmental model was developed using the Penman-van Bavel estimate of evapotranspiration (ET). ET required modifications based on tree characteristics, air temperature, windspeed and relative humidity to be an effective predictor of water-use. A complex model was based on a sine-cosine function of day-of-the-year. This model fits water-use data well for each species and production cycle and includes BA, ET and TA. An alternate simpler model requires only day-of-the-year, TA and BA, offering growers a relatively simple and accurate model of water use.
Ph. D.

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Satsuka, Shiho. "Re-creation through landscape subject production in Canadian cottage country /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq27376.pdf.

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Sullivan, Neal H. "An algorithm for a landscape level model of mast production /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3013030.

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Li, Shaojun, and 黎少君. "From production landscape to consumption landscape: a study of factory 798 and the Jiuchang arts district inBeijing." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47308370.

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Urban landscape offers an effective means to improve local capability for regional and global competitions. Along with the growing power of cultural economy, urban landscape with unique identity is increasingly repackaged as venue for cultural, particularly visual, consumption. At the same time, globally oriented cities compete with one another by promoting arts districts. In this context, arts districts have become a global urban phenomenon, contributing significantly to agglomerate cultural consumption activities. For the past two decades, arts districts in Beijing have gained rapid increase in terms of locations and spatial patterns. However ,they were called ‘artist villages’ which represent their undergrounded statues in the early 1990s.It was not until 2000s that some of them were soon commercialized with international galleries, trendy restaurants, caf?s and night clubs appearing on the scene. These underground settlements were eventually recognized as “creative clusters” by the government. Speculative developers have seized the opportunity to investigate arts districts along with the growing importance of cultural economy. Compared with western cases, Beijing’s arts districts merely took less than 20 years to shift from its isolated state to a tremendously popular one among local citizens and foreign visitors. Under this specific circumstance, the mechanism that contributes to such transformation has yet to be explored. Knowledge in this field in China is still on the stage of adopting the western model with a strong passion for explaining their economic capability. Whereas, in order to explore the relation between production landscape and consumption landscape, there is need to conduct a critical investigation for arts districts as a cultural spatial product in a social process. In light of the scenario given above, the study aims to examine the role of place identity in producing Beijing’s arts districts with special focus placed on their branding strategy. The first step of the study is to review the overall development process of Beijing’s arts districts to identify specific background conditions and analyze their development characteristics. In the given urban context, two case studies of Factory 798 and Jiuchang are carried out, which are designed to achieve the research objectives. The two cases display different patterns of development mode. However, according to the study findings, similarities between them can be explored. Based on the distinctive image that the cases create, the study arrives at a conclusion that the role of place identity is evident in forming the characteristic of the consumption pattern. The significance of place identity is recognized for lending its value to Beijing’s arts districts. Further, from production landscape to consumption landscape, the commodification process of arts districts is ineffective without the interplay of social actors.
published_or_final_version
Architecture
Master
Master of Philosophy

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POLIZZO, ANA PAULA. "LANDSCAPE, ARCHITECTURE, CITY: A DISCUSSION ABOUT THE PRODUCTION OF MODERN SPACE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=32395@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
A relação que o homem estabelece com o espaço natural a partir da necessidade de ocupação e humanização do território no Brasil, ao longo do processo histórico, sem dúvida passa por percepções conflitantes ou até mesmo antagônicas. A partir de um mapeamento das intrincadas relações entre natureza e artificio na constituição das paisagens brasileiras, tomando como referência principalmente o ambiente cultural da cidade do Rio de Janeiro desde as primeiras ocupações até o século XX, este trabalho busca gerar uma reflexão e uma problematização acerca da construção de uma espacialidade moderna, caracterizada por uma dependência complexa e orgânica entre arquitetura e meio, capaz de esmaecer seus limites e fronteiras, desconstruindo a velha dicotomia rígida entre campos, e propondo pensar natureza, arquitetura, paisagem, cidade,como novos domínios disciplinares de caráter híbrido.
The relation that man establishes with the natural space since the need to occupy and humanize the territory in Brazil, during the historical process, certainly involves conflicting or even opposed perceptions. From a mapping of the intricate relation between nature and artifice in the constitution of Brazilian landscapes, taking as mainly reference the cultural environment of Rio de Janeiro city since the first occupations until the twentieth century, this work seeks to generate a reflection and questioning about the construction of a modern spatiality, characterized by a complex and organic dependency between architecture and environment, capable of fade their limits and boundaries, deconstructing the old rigid dichotomy between fields, and proposing to think nature, architecture, landscape, city, as new disciplinary fields of hybrid character.

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Wood, Michael. "Valuing vacancies : Temporal productive revitalisation of neglected land." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23774.

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Neglected or underutilised spaces in cities have never been as important as they are today as land is consumed by rapid urbanisation. Landscape architects have been transforming these sites into public places, an example being the repurposing of a disused rai l line to create the High Line in New York, testimony to the inherit opportunity that brownfield sites possess. However, these projects require a significant capital injection making them unsuitable for the South African context. This presents an opportunity for an alternative landscape revitalisation model. This project will endeavour to create a new landscape architectural model to utilise temporary vacant sites within the urban realm- sites with high land value. This model is based around productive landscapes for growing food and has the potential to address some key challenges that cities face, including but not limited to recreational deficits, limited job opportunities and limited education regarding the production of food. The project draws inspiration from the unrestrained beauty of the weedscapes that have colonised derelict sites within the foreshore for the past 79 years and been responsible for the transformation of dredged beach sand into fertile soils, rich in opportunity for temporal productivity. The currently vacant site is located within the reclaimed foreshore of Cape Town's CBD and will act as a pilot site for further initiatives within the city. The abundance of vacant land parcels adjacent to the Port of Cape Town has the ability to provide temporary productive landscapes and initiate new pedestrian linkages to the Waterfront precinct. The project utilises a methodology that begins with detailed transects showing existing relationships between plant communities and the material and soils of the derelict site. It additionally uses the inherit seasonal aesthetic potential that weeds possess, merging it with productive planting compositions· a methodology utilised by Piet Oudolf.

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Mashazhu, Mabasa. "Waste farm: a productive landscape for integrated waste management." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28251.

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In 2010 the city of Cape Town partnered with the Department of Environmental Affairs to initiate a project to investigate and evaluate the possible re-opening and licensing of Historic and Old landfill sites. The project to reassess these landfill sites is due to the fact that the three main operating landfill sites in Cape Town are nearing capacity. This calls for the city to re-imagine its waste management infrastructure. Meanwhile, within the urban areas of Cape Town, there exists a network and constellations of informal waste pickers working in conjunction with buy-back centres and recyclers to form an economically, environmentally and socially sustainable solution that diverts volumes of recyclable waste from landfills. These informal waste pickers contribute to filling in a gap within the formal recycling system but there is no infrastructure supporting these individuals on whom the formal recycling industry depends on. Most of the waste pickers sleep 'on the streets' with little access to amenities such as water, toilets and washing facilities. The spaces they occupy/sleep make it hard to store their pickings and hence they are forced to sell as soon as they collect. It also forces them to make multiple trips to the buy-back centres whom they are always at the mercy of, particularly when the ever changing price of recyclable waste is low. This project aims at creating a productive landscape that uses waste as a vehicle to enhance the livelihoods of informal waste pickers and encourage local communities to see the economic and environmental value of recycling waste. By providing secure storage and sorting, safe/hygienic sleeping and cleaning spaces coupled with social and productive areas; the project seeks to unlock the potential of recycling using a suitable architectural intervention that is self-sustaining.

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Takkar, Sonal. "From Protected to Productive." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad (ABE), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280009.

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The Stockholm Archipelago has a unique natural landscape - rugged nature that blends with wooded islands, rocky cliffs and sandy beaches enriched by cultural and ecological values. The islands, dating back to the Viking Age are faced with a progressively uneven growth compared to the city developing an inevitable socio-economic dependency on the city core through infrastructural connections. Emigration from already diffusely scattered settlements made life unaffordable on the islands for both permanent residents and municipalities. According to official surveys and analyses, the islands claimed to lack a live-work-play balance and social potential that could be developed better for the residents. This struggle is loaded with the seasonal influx of tourists who exploit the landscape, leaving the responsibility for care onto those who live there. This situation added to climate change, strains energy and (water) resources causing summer droughts. All these struggles raise a question for the future - “How can urban planning and design help re-imagine the potential of existing systems to adapt to a more sustainable Archipelago?” The project envisions to transform the fragmented, protected landscape of the Stockholm Archipelago into a continuous productive landscape, bringing meaning to the scattered and dynamic context. With an approach that closely integrates fields of planning, landscape and design, the goal is realised through a three-layered strategy - (1) continuous blue-green systems of resource capture and nutrient circulation, (2) building local economy through collective production and diversification through exchange, and (3) community exchange through robust networking and production as a way of life. For design possibilities on the local scale, the island of Runmaro is explored with the aim of building synergies with the existing context of landscape, mobility networks, food production, resident villages, local businesses and popular landmarks. The idea is to strengthen existing socio-economic nodes while developing new ones through programs offering shared production and exchange, a year-round activation and continuous accessibility (circulation and systemic) that bring continuity to the overall experience.

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Abrahamsson, Markus. "High-stumps and wood living beetles in the Swedish production forest landscape /." Alnarp : Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/2007126.pdf.

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Richardson-Calfee, Lisa E. "Post-Transplant Root Production, Mortality, and Periodicity of Landscape-Sized Shade Trees." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28315.

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A more thorough knowledge of rooting behavior of transplanted trees is needed to better understand plant establishment. The objectives of this research were to: 1) determine if transplant timing affected root system regeneration of northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and willow oak (Q. phellos L.), 2) determine the effect of transplant timing and nursery production system on root, shoot, and trunk growth periodicity of balled-and-burlapped (B&B) and pot-in-pot (PIP) sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), and 3) characterize seasonal patterns of root production and mortality of transplanted sugar maple. No new root growth occurred outside or within the root balls of red or willow oak between November transplanting and January excavation. However, new root growth was observed when November- and March-transplanted oaks were excavated in April, indicating that new root growth occurs primarily in late winter and/or early. Transplanted and non-transplanted sugar maples exhibited a pattern of maximum rates of shoot extension in early May, root length accumulation in late May, and trunk expansion in mid June. Rate of root length accumulation was less in summer and fall. Transplanting did not appear to disrupt the normal growth periodicity of sugar maple, except when transplanted in July. Abundant root length accumulation occurred in the July transplants at a time when root length accumulation had slowed in all other treatments, resulting in the July transplants having similar standing root lengths as the other transplants by fall. Standing root length of non-transplanted PIP sugar maple declined dramatically in spring. While root production in sugar maple was limited to the growing season, root mortality occurred at a steadier rate throughout the year. Most root mortality occurred in winter in transplanted trees and spring and summer in non-transplanted trees. Non-transplanted PIP trees had greater standing root length, production, and mortality than the other treatments. Indices of root activity (analogous to turnover rates) and production:mortality ratios illustrated the dominant role that root production plays relative to mortality in recently transplanted trees. These data indicate that transplanting and the PIP production system disrupt typical patterns of root production and mortality in sugar maple.
Ph. D.

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Jackson, Eric Alan. "Towards a Prediction of Landscape Evolution from Chemical Weathering and Soil Production." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1516116071724445.

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Parker, Darren John. "Characterizing the landscape of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase protein production in Bacillus subtilis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129034.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 2020
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis. Vita.
Includes bibliographical references.
The phenotype of a cell is a consequence of both the identity of the genes in the genome and the magnitude of their expression into proteins. While the biochemical function of many proteins has been uncovered, for most it is unclear how important native protein abundances are for cell fitness. Furthermore, linking changes in abundances with downstream effects on enzymatic output, pathway function, and ultimately cell fitness is unexplored in nearly all cases. Here I use a model enzyme family, the aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (aaRS), to explore how sensitive Bacillus subtilis are to changes in aaRS production from the molecular to phenotypic level. This culmination of protein levels, functional output, and fitness, leads to a complete "fitness landscape" for the aaRS proteins and provides a framework for future study in quantitative biology.
In Chapter I, I outline the conceptual questions explored in this thesis, review the current understandings of bacterial translation and aaRS function, and note the various regulatory strategies bacteria utilize to adapt to perturbations. In Chapter II, I find that the aaRS proteins are produced to optimize the growth rate of cells despite the presence of uncharged tRNAs. These native levels are positioned near a 'fitness cliff' as the underlying molecular processes of tRNA charging, translation, and regulation, are sensitive to reductions but not increases in synthetase production. In Chapter III, I complete the characterization of the aaRS fitness landscapes by exploring the source of the fitness defects of aaRS overproduction. In Chapter IV, I present a novel protocol for RNA-seq library preparation to reduce the cost and time associated with generating transcriptomic datasets.
In Chapter V, using the aforementioned protocol, I characterize the transcriptomes of over 70 strains within the Escherichia coli single gene knockout collection. With the help of a colleague we find that strong selective pressures to induce genes involved in motility leads to a large amount of transcriptome heterogeneity within the collection. Finally, in Chapter VI, I discuss the results of my work, setting up future directions within the context of gene expression, bacterial physiology, and beyond.
by Darren John Parker.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology

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Janeke, Anita. "Botshabelo : The Symbiosis Between the Land and the People." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/63669.

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Hidden, 12 km from Middelburg, lies the historic mission village Botshabelo. Named Botshabelo, meaning “place of refuge” in the Pedi language as a symbol of a place that became a refuge for the people who fled from Sekhukhune land because of their faith. Within 10 years of its establishment, Botshabelo was self sustainable and it served as a trading post throughout the surrounding farmlands. Education was also seen as one of the driving factors behind the success of Botshabelo, however, the education system was severely affected by the Bantu Education Act, implemented in the 1950s. The apartheid legislation had many negative effects on Botshabelo, whose population predominantly consisted of Bapedi and Bakopa people, and eventually led to the forced removal of 100 families from the site. The site was then turned into an open air museum. In 2005 the families who were forcibly removed won a land claim in relation to Botshabelo and since then the site has been unused and its future is still uncertain. This dissertation addresses the reintroduction of the Botshabelo Community Trust1 to the site, thereby creating a new narrative for the site, while evoking memories of the past. The intention of this project is to protect Botshabelo’s value for the future, while creating continuity of experience between the past, present and future by using its narrative as a research method.
Versteek 12km buite Middelburg lê die historiese sendingdorpie Botshabelo. Benoem “Botshabelo, plek van toevlug” ‘n simbool van ‘n plek van toevlug vir die mense wat van Sekhukhune-land gevlug het weens hul geloof oortuiging. Binne 10 jaar van sy vestiging was Botshabelo selfonderhoudend en het dit ‘n soort handelspos geword in die omliggende omgewing. Onderwys was ook gesien as een van die bestuursfaktore wat die sukses van Botshabelo behels, maar die onderwysstelsel is ernstig benadeel deur die Wet op Bantoe-onderwys, wat in die 1950’s geïmplementeer is. Die apartheidswetgewing het baie negatiewe gevolge vir Botshabelo gehad, waarvan die bevolking oorwegend bestaan uit die Bapedi- en Bakopa-mense, wat uiteindelik gelei het tot die gedwonge verwydering van 100 gesinne van die terrein. Die werf is daarna in ‘n opelugmuseum omskep, maar in 2005 het die gesinne wat tydens die Apartheid era verwyder is, ‘n grondeis in verband met Botshabelo gewen. Sedertdien is die terrein ongebruik en die toekoms daarvan is nog onseker. Hierdie proefskrif handel oor die hervestiging van die Botshabelo gemeenskap na die terrein, met die skep van ‘n nuwe narratief vir die terrein, wat herinneringe uit die verlede terugroep. Die bedoeling van hierdie projek is om Botshabelo se toekomstige waarde te beskerm. Deur gebruik te maak van n narratief navorsings metode is kontinuïteit van ervaring tussen die verlede, hede en toekoms geskep.
Mini Dissertation MArch(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2018.
Architecture
MArch(Prof)
Unrestricted

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Tannous, Joseph. "Wine production in rural area of Bekaa - Lebanon." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/28568.

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Although wine production has an extremely long history across Lebanon, it is relatively suffering from a loss of identity due to globalization, and the huge rupture that occurred during the Islamic era. A development of a collective strategy that focuses on brand identity and territorial promotion is a must for an identity development. Luckily the rich history and culture of Lebanon, make them great assets to build upon them this identity. Accordingly, in this thesis we are going to seek the current vineyard landscapes, vineyards and the cultural potentials that the wine industry has, having the Bekaa region as our framework, and propose upon these potentials and characteristics a touristic map which could be used in a collective development strategy to guide landscape valorisation and wine identity development; Résumé: Bien que la production de vin ait une histoire extrêmement longue au Liban, elle souffre relativement d'une perte d'identité due à la mondialisation et à l'énorme rupture qui s'est produite pendant l'ère islamique. L'élaboration d'une stratégie collective axée sur l'identité de marque et la promotion territoriale est indispensable au développement de l'identité. Heureusement, la richesse de l'histoire et de la culture du Liban en font de grands atouts pour construire sur eux cette identité. Par conséquent, dans cette thèse, nous allons rechercher les paysages viticoles actuels, les vignobles et les potentiels culturels dont dispose l'industrie du vin, en ayant la région de la Bekaa comme cadre, et proposer sur ces potentiels et caractéristiques une carte touristique qui pourrait être utilisée dans une stratégie de développement collectif pour guider la valorisation des paysages et le développement de l'identité du vin; Resumo: Produção de vinho na zona rural de Bekaa - Líbano Embora a produção de vinho tenha uma história extremamente longa em todo o Líbano, sofre relativamente de uma perda de identidade devido à globalização, e à enorme ruptura que ocorreu durante a era islâmica. O desenvolvimento de uma estratégia colectiva centrada na identidade da marca e na promoção territorial é um imperativo para o desenvolvimento de uma identidade. Felizmente, a rica história e cultura do Líbano, fazem deles grandes trunfos para construir sobre eles esta identidade. Assim, nesta tese, vamos procurar as actuais paisagens vitícolas, vinhas e potenciais culturais que a indústria vinícola tem, tendo a região de Bekaa como quadro, e propor sobre estes potenciais e características um mapa turístico que poderia ser utilizado numa estratégia de desenvolvimento colectivo para orientar a valorização da paisagem e o desenvolvimento da identidade do vinho.

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Martin, Thomas Paul. "Observations of mycorrhizal inoculation of pin and scarlet oak production in containers." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33174.

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Over the course of the last century mycorrhizal symbiosis has come to be recognized as highly beneficial for the host plant. Increased growth, water relations, nutrient acquisition, amelioration of the effects of metal toxicity, and increased resistance to pathogens are all benefits attributed to plants colonized by mycorrhizal fungi. A large body of literature exists that indicates that mycorrhizal inoculation programs are useful for improving the performance of forest tree seedlings. Commercial mycorrhizal products, many containing the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker and Couch (Pt), have emerged from this research and are now being marketed for landscape tree growers. In this study, two experiments were conducted to determine the best protocol for inoculation of landscape trees, and to determine if mycorrhizal inoculation is beneficial to trees growing in modern landscape tree container production systems. The first experiment evaluated mycorrhizal inoculation programs utilizing two inocula types employing various substrates for landscape tree production in containers. Quercus palustris Muenchh. (pin oak) and Q. coccinea Muenchh. (scarlet oak) grown in pine bark, sterilized pine bark, sterilized mineral soil, and sterilized vermiculite-based substrates were inoculated with Pt commercial spore inoculum or Pt vegetative inoculum. The vegetative inoculum was unsuccessful at forming mycorrhizae even though the Pt continued to live in the planting substrates. A higher proportion of pin oak was colonized than scarlet oak in all substrates, and vermiculite was a superior environment for mycorrhizal formation than the other three substrates. The second experiment examined the effectiveness of an indigenous mycorrhizal fungus, Scleroderma bovista Fr., to increase growth and resistance to drought stress of scarlet oak grown in containers in the pot-in-pot growing system. Scleroderma bovista did not affect tree growth, and mycorrhizal trees in containers proved to be more susceptible to drought stress than nonmycorrhizal trees. Leaf water potential was more negative for mycorrhizal trees, and conductance was lower for mycorrhizal trees after a 10 day dry down period. A commercial Pt product was also used as an inoculum in this study and again proved completely ineffective at colonizing scarlet oak in pine bark substrate.
Master of Science

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Kriz, Kay Dian. "Genius as an alibi ; the production of the artistic subject and english landscape painting, 1795-1820." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/41450.

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Nineteenth-century writers and modern scholars have agreed that there was a major shift in the practice of landscape painting in England around the turn of the nineteenth century. Paintings by up-and-coming artists such as J. M. W. Turner, Thomas Girtin, and A. W. Callcott were seen to exhibit a concern for atmospheric effects and an "expressivity" lacking in earlier works. This shift has often been explained by invoking artistic genius: the keen intellect and sensibility of the artistic producer has served as a self-evident explanation of the rise to prominence of this form of landscape painting. This study endorses the centrality of the artistic subject to the enterprise of landscape painting, but disputes the notion that genius is a natural and self-evident phenomenon. It is argued here that the native landscape genius was a category of the creative individual which was socially produced at this historical moment in conjunction with or in opposition to other contemporaneous formulations of the artist. This examination of artistic subjectivity as determined by gender, social status, education, wealth, and so forth, is organized around three interrelated subject positions: the "man of letters" derived from the notion of the academic history painter, the "market slave," a negative construction of the artist who was seen to pander to the demands of the market and the "imaginative man of genius." The inscription of these positionalities in landscape imagery i s contingent upon a range of historically specific social phenomena. The discussion focuses particularly upon the discourse of nationalism during and immediately after the Napoleonic wars, epistemoiogical debates concerning the type of knowledge appropriate for a commercial society, and the discourse on the market as it relates to the circulation of paintings as cultural commodities. Determining the relationship of the artistic subject to these various social phenomena involves an examination of the physical spaces in which paintings were displayed and exhibited, the discursive spaces in which they were discussed and evaluated—including art criticism, aesthetic treatises, illustrated county histories and social and political commentary—and the institutional practices which shaped their production and reception. The power and appeal of the landscape genius, I argue, lay in its ability to a serve broad range of social interests in negotiating successfully the seemingly contradictory demands of the market in luxury commodities and of a social ideal of Englishness marked by independence, intellectual power and sensibility. The genius's imaginative encounter with external nature provided it with an alibi which served to obscure it s activities as an economic producer in a highly competitive market society.
Arts, Faculty of
Art History, Visual Art and Theory, Department of
Graduate

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Wilkinson, Timothy John. "Modes of engagement with a national landscape : cultural production of Exmoor National Park." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/18817.

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This thesis is a study of the cultural production of Exmoor National Park. It proceeds through analysis of both historical representations of the space called ‘National Park’ and contemporary social processes in which National Park users engage with the landscape. This project draws on a cross-disciplinary range of literature, from local histories of Exmoor, to tourism studies, critical human geography and cultural theory. Empirical material includes primary texts, transcripts from discussion groups and ethnographic experiences. The research unpacks the reproduction of the space called ‘Exmoor National Park’. It traces the composition of this space in historical and contemporary texts, charting the authorised visions of National Parks in metanarratives and official discourses. Through close reading and textual analysis, assumptions and prevailing wisdoms about the territory ‘Exmoor National Park’ are unsettled. The way that National Parks were represented as a space, or territory, is explored in three ways. First, by considering the boundary which defined the space ‘National Park’, second, by exploring the conceptualisation of National Park land and landscape, and third, by examining governance of engagements between National Park users and the terrain. Analysis highlights multiplicity and political striation in the idea of a territory called ‘National Park’. The thesis develops by exploring contemporary National Park users’ narratives of their engagement with Exmoor. . Findings from discussion groups and ethnographic experiences are used to advance an understanding of the ways users organise their enjoyment of Exmoor. These comprise three modes of engagement with the national landscape: processes of connecting, encountering conflict and working. As an ESRC CASE commissioned project, the findings of this research have been applied through the production of a toolkit called From Special Qualities to Special Experiences (ENPA, 2015), in collaboration with Exmoor National Park Authority. This title articulates the shift from a concern with features of the National Park as a territory, towards the social processes in which Exmoor is experienced.

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Wood, Rachel Louise. "Later Romano-British pottery production in context : Crambeck ware and its landscape setting." Thesis, University of York, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15545/.

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Pottery is an ever-present aspect in the study of Roman Britain, although the focus is frequently on distribution, decoration and the location of kilns. The landscape of production is therefore often a neglected aspect of pottery studies. This thesis examines the late Romano-British Crambeck pottery industry with an emphasis on its surrounding landscape. It suggests that such industries need to be considered in their landscape settings before processes of trade and distribution can be fully understood. It argues the need to contextualise the process of production through an understanding of the character of landscape use and scale of the production site(s).

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Srauy, Sambo. "SPEAKING ABOUT RACE: BIOPOWER AND RACISM IN THE VIDEOGAME LANDSCAPE." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/275331.

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Media & Communication
Ph.D.
This dissertation explores how discourses surrounding race and economics inform the way in which videogame creators understand their world and use that understanding to create content. Employing a Foucauldian discourse analysis, the content of two videogames, Skyrim and Max Payne 3, were analyzed. The analysis of Skyrim revealed that race is constructed as an inherently biological phenomenon. Moreover, culture is constructed as emerging from biology. The analysis of Max Payne 3 revealed that capitalism grounds the construction of race so that biology and culture serves to justify the economic position of light-skinned and dark-skinned Brazilians. These constructions come from various sources such as the works of J. R. R. Tolkien and film noir. The dissertation also interviews videogame developers using semi-structured interviews to examine the extent to which content creators are aware of these discourses and how industry norms and economics affect those discourses. Videogame developers revealed that these discourses stem from a market pressure to make videogame narratives understandable and sellable.
Temple University--Theses

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OLIVEIRA, MARIANA DE BEAUCLAIR DOMINGUES DE. "WOOD CHARCOAL PRODUCTION AND LANDSCAPE CHANGE IN PEDRA BRANCA MASSIF, RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=16644@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Dezenas de carvoarias históricas ocorrem na bacia do Rio Caçambe, localizada no sudeste do Maciço da Pedra Branca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Estas carvoarias são vestígios da produção de carvão no final do século XIX e início do XIX, destinadas ao abastecimento da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O objetivo desta dissertação é analisar os fragmentos de carvão que compõem essas carvoarias, através de sua identificação taxonômica e estimativa de diâmetro, e comparar os resultados com levantamentos fitossociológicos atuais, permitindo uma melhor compreensão da dinâmica da Mata Atlântica sob influência antrópica, assim como contextualizar a produção do carvão na história do Rio de Janeiro e suas florestas. Foram analisados 944 fragmentos de carvão de duas carvoarias, uma localizada no fundo do vale e outra no divisor de drenagem. Na carvoaria do fundo de vale predominaram pioneiras e secundárias iniciais como Cecropia, Guarea e Tibouchina e pequenos diâmetros, enquanto na carvoaria do divisor de drenagem predominaram gêneros característicos de estágios sucessionais mais avançados, como Copaifera, Pouteria e Lamanonia e diâmetros maiores. A produção de carvão não parece ter alterado de forma significativa a estrutura e diversidade da floresta no divisor de drenagem. No fundo de vale, embora a estrutura provavelmente não tenha sido afetada, a diversidade parece ter se reduzido de forma significativa. A ampla distribuição e dominância de Guarea guidonia, uma espécie com propriedades alelopáticas, parece ser a causa da manutenção de uma baixa diversidade no fundo de vale por meio de um processo alternativo de sucessão secundária. A intensidade de atividades antrópicas na área provavelmente criou as condições ambientais que favoreceram a dominância de G. guidonia. A produção de carvão era muito comum na cidade e no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Além de provavelmente ter tido um importante papel na formação das paisagens que conhecemos hoje, os fragmentos de carvão remanescentes desta atividade são uma fonte inestimável de informações a respeito do passado das florestas e de sua dinâmica sob influência antrópica.
Vestiges of dozens of historical charcoal kilns can be found in the Caçambe River watershed, located in Southeastern Pedra Branca Massif, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. These archaeological sites are remains of the charcoal production that took place in the region from late XIXth to mid XXth century, probably to supply Rio de Janeiro city. This dissertation’s aim is to understand the Atlantic Forest dynamics under human influence through the analysis of charcoal fragments from these kilns (taxonomic identification and diameter estimates), comparing the results to present day phytosociological data, as well as to contextualize the charcoal production in Rio de Janeiro’s history. Almost a thousand fragments were analyzed from a kiln at the valley bottom and another one at the water divide. In the bottom valley kiln pioneers and secondary initials like Cecropia, Guarea, and Tibouchina were the most frequent taxa, and small diameters predominated. In the water divide kiln genera characteristic of more advanced successional stages, such as Copaifera, Pouteria, and Lamanonia were most frequent, and larger diameters were more common. Charcoal production does not seem to have significantly altered the structure and diversity in the water divide. In the bottom valley we found no structural difference, but species diversity was considerably diminished. The spread and dominance of Guarea guidonia, a species with allelopathic properties in this area, is responsible for the maintenance of lower diversity through an alternative successional pathway. The intensity of human activity in the area is believed to have created environmental conditions that favored G.guidonia. Charcoal production was probably very common in Rio de Janeiro city and state. Besides the fact that this activity probably had an important role in the development of modern landscapes, its remains are an invaluable source of information about past forests and their dynamics under human influence.

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Law, Justine. "Building Future Forests: Politics, Ecology, and the Co-Production of Landscape in Southeastern Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1275416406.

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Symonds, Leigh Andrea. "Landscape and social practice : the production and consumption of pottery in tenth century Lincolnshire." Thesis, University of York, 1999. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14029/.

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Hiatt, Michael John. "Synergetic Algal Infrastructure: Investigating the Benefits of Algae Production in an Airport Environment." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366241697.

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Davey, Calayde A. "Productive urban landscapes: the relationship between urban agriculture and property values in Minneapolis, Minnesota." Diss., Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20577.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Environmental Design and Planning
Huston Gibson
Lee R. Skabelund
Urban agriculture and urban food-systems are locally productive landscapes and their supporting programs and networks. Urban agriculture is now valued and actively promoted by many urban communities. Having numerous community benefits, UA is often considered to have desirable neighborhood amenities and is assumed to have effects on nearby property prices. However, very little is known about the primary or secondary economic contribution of these productive landscapes to urban environments, particularly in regards to how urban agriculture relates to property values in a neighborhood. Because urban agriculture sites are often overpowered by increasing exchange-values of surrounding properties, the original values (economic and non-economic) to the neighborhood or community may be lost as urban agricultural sites are transformed by “higher return” development schemes. Since urban agriculture can disappear or fail without effective financing and adequate policy and planning support, it is imperative to the longevity of such programs to understand how important land-use and economic variables interrelate. This study examines the spatial-temporal magnitude and economic relationship between urban agriculture parcels and property values. The study uses the hedonic method employing the Spatial-Durbin modeling approach. Findings expand the theoretical and policy discourse on how investment of public resources aids neighborhood development through low exchange-value programs such as urban agriculture. In understanding the advantages of local food systems to urban form, context-specific neighborhood strategies developed in tandem with targeted community development and comprehensive plans can improve urban revitalization and (re)development within a larger resilient city planning framework. The key findings from the study illustrate that there is great value in understanding the most appropriate design approach and features of urban agriculture for different neighborhoods and market groups. Important design considerations include scale, design aesthetic, abundance and quality of urban agriculture sites within different market groups and neighborhoods.

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Martell, Natalie. "Productive ground : 21st century design strategies for Fairmont Park." Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15781.

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Master of Landscape Architecture
Department of Landscape Architecture and Regional and Community Planning
Jessica Canfield
As urban populations continue to grow, parks will become a critical component to creating and sustaining healthy cities. A review of literature related to landscape performance and 21st century parks reveals a paradigm shift in the ways we engage our built landscapes. No longer is it environmentally or fiscally responsible to implement and maintain resource consumptive city parks that are exclusively concerned with fulfilling social needs. To create environmentally, socially, and economically beneficial spaces, 21st century parks must include design elements and best management practices that ensure long-term sustainability. In Manhattan, Kansas, most of the city’s parks are recreation centric and primarily focused on fulfilling social needs. However, Fairmont Park has yet to be fully realized, and therefore presents the city an opportunity to implement its first sustainable park. Using the Sustainable Sites Initiative’s 2009 Guidelines and Performance Benchmarks as a guide, a series of sustainability evaluations were conducted on Fairmont Park’s existing conditions in order to reveal its current level of sustainability. To understand how the park was originally envisioned to perform, the same analysis was conducted on Fairmont Park’s 1998 Master Plan. Findings from this process revealed an opportunity to update the park’s current master plan, in order to achieve enhanced environmental, social, and economic benefits. Guided by 21st century park design, implementation, and management strategies, the redesign of Fairmont Park will not only help Riley County fulfill its goal of becoming a State leader in sustainable design, but it will provide the Manhattan community with a state-of-the-art productive park, which promotes environmental education and stewardship, physical activity, local food production and composting, and stormwater management practices.

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Schrüfer-Kolb, Irene. "Roman iron production in Britain : technological and socio-economic landscape development along the Jurassic Ridge /." Oxford : Archaeopress, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb399435708.

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Bryan, Donita Lynn. "Influence of planting depth on landscape establishment of container-grown trees." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-3179.

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Bellchamber, Sara B. "Simulating the effects of riparian zone delineation and management practices on landscape pattern and timber production." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4106.

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Thesis (M.S.) University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (June 29, 2006) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Production landscapes'

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