Relevant bibliographies by topics / Production landscapes

Academic literature on the topic 'Production landscapes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Production landscapes"

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Janku, Andrea. "Landscapes of Production-Landscapes for Consumption." International Journal of Public and Private Perspectives on Healthcare, Culture, and the Environment 1, no. 2 (July 2017): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijppphce.2017070102.

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This paper is the second part of an exploration into the history and meaning of landscapes, based on a case study of the “must-see” scenic spots or Eight Views (bajing ??) of Linfen County in the south of China's Shanxi province. While the first part focused on the value of these iconic landscapes as sources of identity, here I will show how their aesthetic appreciation is intrinsically linked to their productive power. I argue that it was largely the idea of productivity that made these landscapes amenable for aesthetic consumption and viable as sources of identity and meaning. It was the inherent instability of these productive aspects that made their aesthetic appreciation even more significant, as it ultimately depended on the precarious balance between the two.
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Tyutyunnik, Yu G., N. A. Pashkevych, and L. M. Gubar. "Production landscapes and their demutation (on the example of sugar beet industry of Ukraine)." Известия Русского географического общества 151, no. 5 (November 5, 2019): 48–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869-6071151548-66.

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The production landscapes including territories of the plants, factories, mines, power plants, industrial zones are considered as a product of an industrial tehnogenesis, and tehnogenesis itself is considered as a process of landscape formation. Industrial landscape is regarded as production landscape formed under man-made cover - industrial building and remote equipment. As a functional unity, the production landscapes of a given technological cycle form an industrial-landscape zone. Production landscapes of sugar plants of Ukraine are considered. The diversity and specificity of morpholitogenic basis, soils and plant communities peculiar to different types of production landscapes of sugar plants are shown. The processes of demutation of different industrial landscapes of sugar plants, which were abandoned in different periods of XX century, have been studied. The stages of destruction of their man-made cover, transformation of terrain, change of soils and vegetation are described. On the basis of the field survey of 68 operating and abandoned sugar plants of Ukraine, 8 stages of destruction of industrial building and 4 phases of demutation of industrial landscapes have been identified.
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Doherty, Tim S., and Don A. Driscoll. "Coupling movement and landscape ecology for animal conservation in production landscapes." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1870 (January 3, 2018): 20172272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2272.

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Habitat conversion in production landscapes is among the greatest threats to biodiversity, not least because it can disrupt animal movement. Using the movement ecology framework, we review animal movement in production landscapes, including areas managed for agriculture and forestry. We consider internal and external drivers of altered animal movement and how this affects navigation and motion capacities and population dynamics. Conventional management approaches in fragmented landscapes focus on promoting connectivity using structural changes in the landscape. However, a movement ecology perspective emphasizes that manipulating the internal motivations or navigation capacity of animals represents untapped opportunities to improve movement and the effectiveness of structural connectivity investments. Integrating movement and landscape ecology opens new opportunities for conservation management in production landscapes.
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Palkovitz, Rachel. "Gendered Landscapes of Production." Anthropology News 58, no. 4 (July 2017): e294-e296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/an.509.

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Tengberg, Anna, Malin Gustafsson, Lotta Samuelson, and Elin Weyler. "Knowledge Production for Resilient Landscapes: Experiences from Multi-Stakeholder Dialogues on Water, Food, Forests, and Landscapes." Forests 12, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12010001.

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Landscape-wide approaches integrating agriculture, forestry, energy, and water are considered key to address complex environmental problems and to avoid trade-offs. The objective of this paper is to analyse how knowledge production through multi-stakeholder dialogues on water, landscapes, forests, and agriculture can inform governance and the management of landscapes. Multi-stakeholder learning dialogues and platforms (MSPs) were established related to water and natural resources management, complemented by targeted reviews, to establish a shared understanding of the drivers of change and impacts on the hydrology of landscapes and ecosystem services. The MSP dialogues illustrate the need to address water as an integral part of landscape management and governance to achieve the wide range of the Sustainable Development Goals related to water and food security, climate action, life on land, as well as sustainable production and consumption, equality, and strong institutions. The co-production of knowledge through MSPs contributes to continuous learning that informs adaptive management of water flows in landscapes, above and below ground, as well as in the atmosphere. It helps to build a shared understanding of system dynamics and integrate knowledge about hydrology and water flows into policy recommendations. Co-production of knowledge also contributes to stakeholder participation at different levels, inclusiveness, and transparency, and to water stewardship.
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Darvishi, Asef, Maryam Yousefi, Naghmeh Mobarghaee Dinan, and Per Angelstam. "Assessing levels, trade-offs and synergies of landscape services in the Iranian province of Qazvin: towards sustainable landscapes." Landscape Ecology 37, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 305–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-021-01337-0.

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Abstract Context Evidence-based knowledge is crucial for place-based knowledge production and learning towards sustainable landscapes through stewardship and integrated spatial planning. Objectives We focus on the landscape service concept as a tool, and three fundamental challenges for its use: (1) how to monitor benefits provided by different landscapes; (2) to demonstrate trade-offs and synergies among benefits in a landscape; and (3) to discuss how to incorporate results from analyses into landscape stewardship and planning. Methods As a case study we chose the Iranian Qazvin province with diverse natural and anthropogenic landscapes, and top-down societal steering. Five landscape services (water yield, water regulation, pollination, actual net primary production (NPPact) and social-cultural connectivity) were assessed and compared. Results All landscape services were significantly correlated. Major trade-offs and synergies among services were between NPPact and water yield and regulation. Trade-off and synergy clusters showed that landscape functions depend on both natural and anthropogenic landscape patterns and processes. Conclusions Providing transparent data about trade-offs and synergies among landscape services can facilitate learning about which services are important among landscapes. For each of six settings we suggest action plans. We discuss the role of Iranian landscape stewardship and planning, and integrative research needs.
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Wilson, K. A., E. Meijaard, S. Drummond, H. S. Grantham, L. Boitani, G. Catullo, L. Christie, et al. "Conserving biodiversity in production landscapes." Ecological Applications 20, no. 6 (September 2010): 1721–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/09-1051.1.

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Zhang, Hang, Hai Chen, Tianwei Geng, Di Liu, and Qinqin Shi. "Evolutionary Characteristics and Trade-Offs’ Development of Social–Ecological Production Landscapes in the Loess Plateau Region from a Resilience Point of View: A Case Study in Mizhi County, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (February 18, 2020): 1308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041308.

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Social-ecological production landscape resilience (SELPR) is a significant representation of the continuous supply capacity of landscape services. It is a quantitative assessment of the spatial-temporal evolution of SELPR under internal and external disturbances that provides a scientific basis for regional ecological environments and socio–economic development. Taking Mizhi County for the study of the Loess Plateau region, a three-dimensional (social system, ecosystem, and production system) SELPR evaluation framework was constructed. Data integration was performed using the watershed as the evaluation unit. This study quantitatively evaluated the spatial–temporal differentiation of the social–ecological production landscape (SELPs) subsystem’s resilience and the total SELPR in the study area and classified the areas from the three-system resilience combination level to achieve regional development trade-offs. The results were as follows: (1) In 2009–2018, the change in the social–ecological production landscapes pattern in Mizhi County showed a significant reduction in agricultural production landscapes, relatively stable social living landscapes, and an increase in ecological landscapes; (2) in 2009–2018, the SELPR increased by 12.38%. The spatial distribution of resilience was significantly different, showing a distribution pattern of high central and low surrounding areas; (3) the county’s watershed development zones were divided into five partitions: synergistic promotion areas, ecological restoration areas, social development areas, production optimization areas, and comprehensive remediation areas. The five types of zones have a certain agglomeration effect. In addition, the main obstacle factors affecting the SELPR of each zone are quite different. The key issues and development directions of different types of watersheds are also proposed in this paper.
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Jeanneret, Ph, S. Aviron, A. Alignier, C. Lavigne, J. Helfenstein, F. Herzog, S. Kay, and S. Petit. "Agroecology landscapes." Landscape Ecology 36, no. 8 (June 26, 2021): 2235–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-021-01248-0.

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Abstract Context Agroecology combines agronomic and ecological concepts. It relies on the enhancement of biodiversity and related ecosystem services to support agricultural production. It is dependent on biological interactions for the design and management of agricultural systems in agricultural landscapes. Objectives We review the role of landscape ecology to understand and promote biodiversity, pest regulation and crop pollination for the designing of “agroecology landscapes”. We illustrate the use of landscape ecological methods for supporting agroforestry systems as an example of agroecological development, and we propose pathways to implement agroecology at landscape scale. Methods The state of the art of how landscape ecology contributes to agroecology development is summarized based on a literature review. Results Agroecology requires thinking beyond the field scale to consider the positioning, quality and connectivity of fields and semi-natural habitats at larger spatial scales. The spatial and temporal organisation of semi-natural elements and the crop mosaic interact. Understanding this interaction is the pre-requisite for promoting patterns and mechanisms that foster biodiversity and ecosystem service provision. Promoting agroecological practices beyond individual farm borders can be rooted in a bottom-up approach from agroecological lighthouse farms to farm networks to amplify agroecology adoption at the landscape scale. Conclusions Achieving agricultural landscapes composed of fields and farms following agroecological management requires understanding of biodiversity patterns, biological interactions and mechanisms that determine and boost ecosystem functioning to improve services at landscape scale, involving farmers in a bottom-up and context-specific approach.
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Rodi, Vanessa Sartori, and Rubens de Andrade. "Landscape-innovation-policy: counter-hegemonic practices at the Cícero Guedes Camp (MST)." Cadernos Metrópole 25, no. 56 (April 2023): 277–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2236-9996.2023-5612.e.

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Abstract Since colonization in Brazil, populations resistant to its agrarian model have fought for the right to land, alternative agricultural production, and usufruct of the landscape. Such prerogatives indicate the possibility of hybrid landscapes in the rural sphere and show horizons that favor healthy production, non-exploitation of rural workers, and policies that contribute to resolving inequalities in the countryside. The struggle of the Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST) is discussed in this article, focusing on the landscapes they inhabit and on their ways of taking possession of such landscapes. Our reflection is based on the analysis of the Cícero Guedes (MST) camp, grounded on the Performance Assessment of the Built Environment, with readings from the innovation matrix in relation to the territory to see how it can affect the movement’s landscapes.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Production landscapes"

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Friedman, Devyn Irene. "Fusing Landscapes: The Production of Self." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297565.

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The production of self is a complex process of discovery. In my thesis, I draw from the idea that landscapes have meaning for different people. I use images of the two places that have defined me as a scholar and an artist: California and Guatemala. In my work, I am interested in place as a function of memory; to me, thinking back to iconic images and where I spent a lot of time is more important than representing places as they "actually" are. In my thesis, these defining landscapes fuse together, weaving a complex fabric of my identity.
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McGirr, Diana Rosemary. "Legitimate landscapes: repositioning regional art production." Thesis, Curtin University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/48488.

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This thesis employs art history and critical ethnography to examine contemporary art production in the South West of Western Australia. Responding to a paucity of publications and critique, and a claim the art scene is ‘folksy’ and ‘not up-to speed’ with metropolitan art scenes, I argue that ‘being regional’ is a legitimate position on its own terms and as part of a growing global tendency to recognises the validity of regional contexts and perspectives.
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Fischer, Joern, and joern@cres anu edu au. "Beyond fragmentation : Lizard distribution patterns in two production landscapes and their implications for conceptual landscape models." The Australian National University. Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, 2004. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20060718.150101.

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Fauna conservation outside protected areas can make an important complementary contribution to conservation within reserves. This thesis aimed to contribute new information and analytical frameworks to the science of fauna conservation in human-modified landscapes. Two approaches were used: (1) empirical data collection and analysis, and (2) the discussion and development of conceptual landscape models. ¶ Empirical work focused on lizard distribution patterns in two production landscapes in southeastern Australia. Lizards were targeted because ectotherms are frequently neglected by conservation biologists. The “Nanangroe grazing landscape” was used for sheep and cattle grazing. In this landscape, approximately 85% of pre-European woodland cover had been cleared, and understorey vegetation was sparse. Lizards were surveyed at 16 landscape units, which were stratified by aspect, topographic position and amount of tree cover. Each landscape unit contained three sites, and each site contained three plots. Regression modelling showed that different species responded differently to their environment. For example, the four-fingered skink (Carlia tetradactyla) and Boulenger’s skink (Morethia boulengeri) were more likely to occur at woodland sites with northerly aspects, whereas the striped skink (Ctenotus robustus) and olive legless lizard (Delma inornata) were more likely to inhabit sites with a simple microhabitat structure. Statistical analysis further showed that the habitat attributes that lizards were related to varied continuously through space, and over different spatial scales. For example, invertebrate abundance (a proxy for food availability) varied most strongly over tens of metres, whereas the amount of grass cover varied most strongly over hundreds to thousands of metres. Thus, work at Nanangroe revealed spatially complex patterns of lizard occurrence and habitat variables. ¶ The “Tumut plantation landscape” was a spatial mosaic of native eucalypt (Eucalyptus) forest patches embedded within a plantation of the introduced radiata pine (Pinus radiata). In this landscape, thirty sites were surveyed for lizards. Sites were stratified by forest type and patch size, and included eucalypt patches, pine sites, and extensive areas of eucalypt forest adjacent to the plantation. Regression modelling showed that lizard species responded to various habitat attributes, including elevation, the amount of eucalypt forest within 1 km of a site, invertebrate abundance and ground cover. Variables related to habitat fragmentation often were significant predictors of lizard occurrence. However, work at Tumut suggested that important additional insights into lizard distribution patterns could be obtained by considering variables related to food and shelter resources, and climatic conditions. ¶ The Nanangroe and Tumut landscapes were in close proximity, but together spanned an altitudinal gradient of 900 m. An investigation of changes in lizard community composition with altitude showed that (1) only one species was common to Nanangroe and Tumut, (2) different species had different altitudinal preferences, and (3) ecologically similar species replaced one another with increasing altitude. These results highlighted that even in highly modified landscapes, natural gradients (such as climate) can play an important role in shaping animal assemblage composition and species distribution patterns. ¶ Empirical work suggested that, in some landscapes, the frequently used “fragmentation model” is a relatively weak conceptual basis for the study of animal distribution patterns. The fragmentation model implicitly assumes that “habitat patches” can be defined unequivocally across many species, and that patches are located within a relatively inhospitable matrix. Where these assumptions are breached, conservation guidelines arising from the fragmentation model may be too simplified. In spatially complex production landscapes, it may be more appropriate to maintain habitat heterogeneity at multiple spatial scales than to focus solely on the management of large, pre-defined patches. ¶ Given the potential limitations of the fragmentation model, a new, more holistic landscape model was developed. The “continuum model” was derived from continuum theory as developed for plant ecology. The continuum model recognises (1) spatial continua of environmental variables, and (2) species’ individualistic responses to these variables. For animals, key environmental variables may be related to the availability of food, shelter, sufficient space, and suitable climatic conditions. Unlike the fragmentation model, the continuum model is inherently process-based and thus may help to link the perceived gap between patterns and processes in landscape ecology. ¶ Three general conclusions arise from this thesis: 1. Some heterogeneous production landscapes support many native species, and therefore represent important conservation opportunities. 2. In some modified landscapes, the fragmentation model does not capture the complexity of animal distribution patterns. In those landscapes, conservation recommendations derived from the fragmentation model may be overly simplistic. 3. The continuum model may be a useful extension of the fragmentation model. It provides a process-based conceptual basis for empirical work on animal distribution patterns.
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Fischer, Joern. "Beyond fragmentation : lizard distribution patterns in two production landscapes and their implications for conceptual landscape models /." View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2004. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20060718.150101/index.html.

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Mattsson, Joar. "Productive landscapes and the cultural historical environment : Prototyping a small-scale productive system utilizing the immediate landscape." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Arkitekthögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-160022.

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The thesis is an investigation of global exploitation of nature, use of productive landscapes and itsremaining structures as the cultural historical environment. The further aim has been to seek analternative approach against a large-scale utilization of the environment through an elaborativeprocess of an architectural intervention, combining public space and local production. The thesisbackground is exploring the human activities and outcomes in exploited landscapes and is departingfrom the issue of an anthropocentric approach toward the environment. Further on, it analyzesdifferent mindset on natural resources in relation to the building of civilization and society, the ruralcontra the urban. Against the background of a linear withdrawal of resources and in the long-termlandscape productive decline, the aim is to prototype a productive infrastructure that works in acyclical manner, re-using energy and being less dependent on resources at a large-scale. Departingfrom the regional environment in Umeå and its traditional agricultural and former industrial use ofthe landscape, the intervention is tested by considering the principles of sustained life by theimmediate landscape. The aim has been to analyze and translate principles at the scale of landscape,farm and unit into a reproducible, productive infrastructure that harvest energy from recreation,cultivation, production and the condition of the topography.
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Vallet, Améline. "Tradeoffs between ecosystem services : From landscapes to stakeholders." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLA011.

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Les écosystèmes participent au bien-être des populations au travers de multiples services d’approvisionnement, de régulation et culturels. Un territoire ne peut pas forcément offrir tous ces services écosystémiques (SE) simultanément et à tous. Des conflits d’usage peuvent apparaitre, impliquant des arbitrages entre SE et entre acteurs. Cette thèse de doctorat propose une approche interdisciplinaire pour rendre compte de ces arbitrages. Elle vise plus précisément à répondre aux questions de recherche suivantes : Comment les configurations et les dynamiques temporelles des territoires influencent-elles les arbitrages entre SE et leurs conséquences pour les acteurs ? Comment décrire et étudier les arbitrages entre SE et leurs implications ? Les dynamiques temporelles des SE et l’effet de moteurs socio-économiques sont étudiés au Costa Rica en appliquant le cadre de la transition forestière pour révéler l’existence d’arbitrages entre SE au cours du temps. Plusieurs méthodes permettant de décrire les arbitrages entre SE (corrélations et frontières de production) sont comparées, notamment afin de discuter de leur pertinence pour différents cadres de décision. L’analyse de la distribution des bénéfices fournis par les SE et de la participation à la gestion des SE met en lumière les arbitrages entre acteurs dans le bassin du Mariño au Pérou
Ecosystems contribute to human well-being by providing multiple provisioning, regulating and cultural ecosystem services (ES, i.e. benefits of nature to people). Even though appealing, landscape multifunctionality is challenging and conflicts may appear between competitive uses. In this PhD thesis, we analyzed tradeoffs between ES resulting from landscape configurations and their implications for multiple stakeholders. More precisely, we addressed the following questions: How do landscape configuration and evolution determine the tradeoffs between ecosystem services and their implications for multiple stakeholders? How to study the tradeoffs between ecosystem services and their implications? We mobilized interdisciplinary methods, relying on ecology, economics and sociology. We proposed a framework for analyzing temporal changes of ES and linking socio-economic drivers to ES demand at different scales. We applied it to the upper part of the Reventazón watershed in Costa Rica to reveal tradeoffs between ES. We compared different methods for assessing ES tradeoffs (correlations and production frontiers) and discuss their relevance for different decision context. Finally, we highlighted the tradeoffs between stakeholders by analyzing the differentiated distribution of ES benefits and participation in the governance of ES in the Mariño watershed (Peru)
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Deakin, Elizabeth Louise. "Impacts of land-use intensification on forest remnants embedded within production landscapes." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8712.

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Agricultural expansion has transformed and fragmented natural forest habitats at an alarming rate, and dramatic increases in agricultural intensification have since taken place in order to keep pace with human population growth and food demands. This simultaneously poses a considerable threat to biodiversity in agricultural landscapes, as production land is now one of the largest terrestrial biomes on the planet. Therefore, its contribution to biodiversity conservation is critical. Links between the intensification of agricultural systems and ‘in situ’ declines of biodiversity on farmland have been well documented. However, despite growing recognition that system inputs such as fertiliser and livestock can move or ‘spillover’ into adjacent natural habitats, there has been no direct quantification of the extent of impacts in recipient ecosystems. These abiotic and biotic pathways can cause dramatic impacts on the diversity, composition, and functioning of remaining natural ecosystems, and on their ability to provide a variety of essential ecosystem services. Due to concerns regarding future food security, balancing trade-offs between agriculture and conservation has subsequently become a hot topic in ecological research. However, without any direct quantification of the off-site ecological impacts of agricultural intensification in mosaic landscapes, it is inherently difficult to fully evaluate strategies aimed at balancing production and conservation. Using New Zealand farming systems as a case study, this thesis aims to address gaps in our current understanding of how increasing agricultural intensification impacts biodiversity in native forest remnants embedded within production landscapes. The first main chapter explores whether the magnitude of ecological impact in forest remnants (for a suite of 26 response measures) and severity of edge effects, scale with the degree of land-use intensity in surrounding agricultural pastures. This chapter also examines whether ecological responses differ in remnants ‘spared’ for conservation purposes (i.e. where livestock are excluded by fencing). The second chapter uses a model food-chain approach native to New Zealand, to test whether nutrient spillover from agricultural pastures influences plant-herbivore and herbivore-parasitoid interactions in forest remnants. This chapter also includes a large-scale common garden fertilisation experiment using the same tri-trophic system, which was established to examine bottom-up multi-trophic responses to the independent and combined effects of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P) and cow dung and urine. The third main chapter uses a novel stable isotope approach for quantifying community-wide incorporation of resources into trophic structure. I test for the first time whether increasing intensity of farming systems drives greater nutrient spillover spatially into adjacent forest remnant soils and examine scaling effects of 15N (as a marker for anthropogenic N) through multiple trophic levels. Beyond finding that agricultural land-use intensity generally has negative off-site effects on biodiversity, the key findings of this thesis were (i) spillover of nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural systems into adjacent remnant soils is exacerbated by increases in land-use intensity, with (ii) percolating bottom-up effects on plant and insect community dynamics. (iii) The magnitude of ecological impacts in forest remnants scales linearly with increasing land-use intensity, as does (iv) direct anthropogenic N enrichment across multiple trophic levels, which has the potential to severely jeopardise the stability of ecologically important remnant habitats. (v) Although there were stark structural differences in remnants with and without livestock exclusion, impacts of land-use intensity on ecological response metrics were actually comparable across all sites. (vi) Livestock exclusion should be a priority first step towards conserving native forest remnants, however it should be recognised that fencing does not prevent abiotic channels of nutrient spillover (fertiliser drift, overland flow, leaching) in land characteristic of land spared for nature. (vii) Consequently, increasing land-use intensity compromises the effectiveness of the land-sparing trajectory for conserving native biodiversity, which is currently undertaken in New Zealand production systems. Given the overall strength of these findings and the novel, ecosystem-wide and landscape-scale approaches taken to address fundamental questions, the work in this thesis greatly enhances our knowledge of the relationships between agricultural productivity and ecological impacts in spatially-coupled ecosystems. This is highly important, not only in New Zealand but worldwide, as it is anticipated that unstoppable human population growth and food security pressures will cause ecological impacts both on the farm and in adjacent natural ecosystems to become even more severe. Therefore, determining the relationship between land-use intensification and biodiversity loss represents the cornerstone of sustainable agricultural development in the future.
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Vieira, Rosana Silva. "Paisagens invisíveis: os sertões de Ubatuba - SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16135/tde-17032010-103345/.

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A presente pesquisa investiga os processos de produção das paisagens dos sertões litorâneos no município de Ubatuba, extremo norte do litoral paulista, baseada no estudo de dois sertões: Poruba e Sesmaria. Pretende analisar e interpretar essas paisagens, numa abordagem que valoriza a experiência humana, focando na vivência dos lugares, seus diferentes usos, seus olhares e interpretações, seus estigmas e o cotidiano de seus moradores, a fim de compreender os processos sócio-espaciais desses bairros chamados sertões e suas formas de apropriação.
The present research examines productions processes of the coast backlands of Ubatuba, which is a town located at the north end of Sao Paulos coast, based on the study of two backlands: Poruba e Sesmaria. It intends to analyze and to interpret these landscapes, taking an approach that values the human experience, taking focus at the places existence, its different applications, looks and interpretations, its stigmas and the residents quotidian, in order to comprehend the procedures social and of space of these city districts, known as backlands and its ways of appropriation.
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Bruijn, Natasja de. "Lithic landscapes and taskscapes : obsidian procurement, production and use in west central Sardinia, Italy." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2006. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3765/.

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This thesis studies lithic landscapes and taskscapes from an explicit perspective of social practice. It explores the spatial and temporal dimensions of the three main interlocking lithic activities: procurement, production and use/discard. Five key concepts are used to explore human choice and interaction in these three fields: practice, knowledge, skill, strategy and tradition. Sardinia and the obsidian artefacts from the Riu Mannu Survey Project data have served as a case study. My research approach was developed to gain an understanding of the spatial and temporal developments of Sardinian lithic landscape and taskscapes. It has provided much-needed information on procurement and production strategies in Sardinia. Careful examination of the spatial and temporal interplay between source location, obsidian types, primary and secondary chaîne opératoires and aesthetic preferences has demonstrated that lithic practice is an inherently social day-to-day practice. Analysis has revealed a number of long-standing habitus in Sardinian lithic practice; procurement, production and use/discard strategies are not easily tied to specific regions or time periods. At the same time, variations also existed, and local choices are clearly visible. Production and use/discard is organised at a house-hold level and occurs primarily, but not exclusively, at permanent settlements. Part of the dataset has also shown that occasional and different activities occurred elsewhere. Moreover, this study revealed that so-called simple or expedient assemblages, especially single-stage flake, blade and mixed flake/blade reduction and bipolar flake reduction are skilfully knapped.
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Schaffer, M. J. "Spatial aspects of bumble bee (Bombus spp. Apidae) foraging in farm landscapes." Lincoln University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/2243.

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Bumble bees (Bombus spp.: Apidae) are valuable pollinators of many crop and wildflower species. However, in some situations their potential is limited. Evaluation of, and management to improve bumble bee efficacy should include spatial information which is currently limited. Distance and direction determine the success of gene flow via pollen cross-over within and between plant populations at several scales. Studies of movement by bumble bees at large scales in semi-natural and intensively managed habitats are scarce. Few studies of bumble bee dispersal from the nest exist, particularly in relation to crops. At a small scale, directional rather than random movement between flowers has benefits for pollen flow. Results to date of directionality studies at small scales and their interpretation are inconsistent. The purpose of this thesis was to assess distances and directions moved by foraging bumble bees at a range of scales in two contrasting farm habitats in order to predict their pollination potential. A novel method was developed to mark automatically all the occupants of nests of bumble bees B. terrestris (L.) placed around a Lucerne seed crop Medicago sativa L. in New Zealand. Reobservation data from eight nests showed that of bumble bees which foraged within the crop, 81 % travelled ≤ 50 m and 56% ≤ 20 m from their nest. Results should be interpreted with extreme caution because fewer than 1 % of bumble bees marked at nests were reobserved in the crop. Because it was not established where the other 99% of the bumble bees went, foraging areas for nests could not be calculated as anticipated. Theories to explain the non-specificity of bumble bees to the crop include; resource depletion near nests, competition with honey bees in the crop, or an evolved strategy to disperse in order to minimise nest predation. Lucerne flowers contained a significantly lower concentration of sugar in nectar, and significantly fewer pollen grains than did those of purple loosestrife Lythrum salicaria L., a species on which bumble bees appeared to forage in preference Lucerne. The higher rewards offered by L. salicaria may have diverted bumble bees from the less-rewarding Lucerne crop. In a Norwegian meadow system, all foraging bouts by bumble bees B. lucorum (L.) within a patch of wood cranesbill flowers Geranium sylvaticum L. were random with respect to direction. This result is not consistent with predictions, based on optimal foraging theory, that movement should be directional to enable optimal pollen flow, and to avoid revisitation of just-emptied flowers by the pollinator. A medium-scale study of several bumble bee species moving between patches of northern wolfsbane Aconitum septentrionale Koelle in Norway revealed considerable loyalty by bumble bees to patches in which they were marked. In a different landscape-scale study (over 5 ha), several bumble bees exhibited a high degree of loyalty to areas in which they were marked (87% were reobserved ≤ 50 m from marking points). These restricted movement patterns are discussed in terms of potential pollen flow. Of 260 bumble bees marked, only five were recorded crossing between meadows, which could be a result of innate loyalty to small forage areas, an artefact of the sampling technique used, or forest boundaries acting as physical impediments to movement. In the future, spatial data of the type collected in this thesis will aid in the management of bumble bee populations to achieve both commercial and conservation goals. Spatial data can be applied to predict the optimal placement of artificially-reared nests, predict suitable isolation distances for pure seed crops, and aid in the positioning of supplementary forage sources and nest-site refuges.
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Books on the topic "Production landscapes"

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J, Hobbs R., and Saunders Denis A, eds. Reintegrating fragmented landscapes: Towards sustainable production and nature conservation. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1993.

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Saito, Osamu, Suneetha M. Subramanian, Shizuka Hashimoto, and Kazuhiko Takeuchi, eds. Managing Socio-ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes for Sustainable Communities in Asia. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1133-2.

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Satoyama--satoumi ecosystems and human well-being: Socio-ecological production landscapes of Japan. New York: United Nations University Press, 2012.

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Nishi, Maiko, Suneetha M. Subramanian, Himangana Gupta, Madoka Yoshino, Yasuo Takahashi, Koji Miwa, and Tomoko Takeda, eds. Fostering Transformative Change for Sustainability in the Context of Socio-Ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes (SEPLS). Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6761-6.

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Saito, Osamu. Managing Socio-ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes for Sustainable Communities in Asia: Mapping and Navigating Stakeholders, Policy and Action. Singapore: Springer Nature, 2020.

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Production of landscape plants. Stillwater, Okla: Lacebark Publications, 1987.

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Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Sustainable use of biological diversity in socio-ecological production landscapes: Background to the 'Satoyama initiative for the benefit of biodiversity and human well-being'. Montreal, Quebec, Canada: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2010.

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Alberta. Alberta Environmental Protection. Natural Resources Service. Summary of the workshop titled "Achieving a Desired Future Forest: Planning Alberta Landscapes for Biodiversity and Fibre Production" April 7-8, 1999, Edmonton, Alberta. Alberta]: Natural Resources Service/Land and Forest Service, Alberta Environment, 2000.

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Holth, John S. Landscape production with stochastic sampling. [London]: Middlesex Polytechnic, 1989.

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Brisotto, Carla, and Fabiano Lemes de Oliveira, eds. Re-Imagining Resilient Productive Landscapes. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90445-6.

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Book chapters on the topic "Production landscapes"

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Potthoff, Kerstin, and Wenche E. Dramstad. "Resilient food production – resilient landscapes." In Creating Resilient Landscapes in an Era of Climate Change, 29–48. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003266440-3.

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Liu, Yunhui, Guishen Zhao, and Zhenrong Yu. "Developing Integrated Methods for Biological Conservation and Sustainable Production in Agricultural Landscapes." In Biocultural Landscapes, 45–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8941-7_5.

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García Ruiz, María José. "Implications of the New Social Characteristics of Knowledge Production." In Changing Educational Landscapes, 43–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8534-4_3.

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Wee, Lionel. "The production formats of linguistic landscapes." In The Communicative Linguistic Landscape, 17–38. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021. | Series: Routledge studies in sociolinguistics: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003021315-2.

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Saito, Osamu, Suneetha M. Subramanian, Shizuka Hashimoto, and Kazuhiko Takeuchi. "Introduction: Socio-ecological Production Landscapes and Seascapes." In Science for Sustainable Societies, 1–10. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1133-2_1.

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Wollentz, Gustav. "Memories, Landscapes and the Production of Narratives." In Palgrave Studies in Cultural Heritage and Conflict, 51–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57125-2_3.

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Hassall, Linda. "Greening Theatre Landscapes—Sustainable Australian Theatre Production." In Theatres of Dust, 105–21. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6159-4_7.

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Bebbington, Anthony J. "Landscapes of Possibility? Livelihood and Intervention in the Production of Andean Landscapes." In Political Economies of Landscape Change, 51–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5849-3_3.

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Mérida-Rodríguez, Matías, Rafael Lobón-Martín, and María-Jesús Perles-Roselló. "The Production of Solar Photovoltaic Power and Its Landscape Dimension." In Renewable Energies and European Landscapes, 255–77. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9843-3_14.

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Sileshi, Gudeta W., Demel Teketay, Aster Gebrekirstos, and Kiros Hadgu. "Sustainability of Faidherbia albida-Based Agroforestry in Crop Production and Maintaining Soil Health." In Agroforestry for Degraded Landscapes, 349–69. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6807-7_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Production landscapes"

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Heimsath, Arjun M., Oliver A. Chadwick, Joshua J. Roering, and Shaun Levick. "EQUILIBRIUM LANDSCAPES: WHERE SOIL PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS FAIL." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-283950.

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Myachina, Ksenya V. "PROBLEMS OF RUSSIAN STEPPE LANDSCAPES CAUSED BY OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION." In Treshnikov readings – 2021 Modern geographical global picture and technology of geographic education. Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33065/978-5-907216-08-2-2021-57-59.

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The depth and scale of man-made transformations of steppe landscapes in the course of oil and gas production remain underestimated. The sites provided for the development of oil and gas fields are not allocated to a separate category of the Russian Land Fund . Often there is a mismanagement of subsoil companies to the plots provided to them, provoked by the loyal attitude of the Supervisory authorities. Approved projects of oil and gas development often demonstrate minor significance of section on assessing the impact on the environment. Optimization of this type of land use becomes necessary at this stage of oil and gas production development.
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Soldatova, Irina, Soslan KOZYREV, and Eduard SOLDATOV. "Optimization of productive potential of mountain forage land in the Central Caucasus." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2022-28-76-40-46.

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The unregulated use of mountain fodder lands has led to the degradation of soil and vegetation. The use of the biologically active drug "Extrasol", zeolite-containing agro-ore and humus of sheep manure on the natural forage land of the mountain zone contributed to a change in the composition of soil nutrients by reducing the acidity of the soil solution. The germination of fallow seeds of cereals increased from 30.4 to 55.3%, legumes from 5.2 to 17.1-26.8%, which had an impact on the reduction of weed forbs from 64 to 27.6-19.5 %. The change in the structure of the herbage contributed to an increase in yield from 9.9 to 69.4 c/ha of dry weight, the concentration of feed units from 0.9 to 6.1 thousand feed units and MA to 73.9 GJ/ha, allowing to increase the load livestock on pasture and its productivity, while maintaining the ecological stability of mountain agricultural landscapes.
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Myachina, K. V. "FOR THE PRINCIPLES OF STEPPE LANDSCAPES OPTIMIZATION UNDER OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION." In Prirodopol'zovanie i ohrana prirody: Ohrana pamjatnikov prirody, biologicheskogo i landshaftnogo raznoobrazija Tomskogo Priob'ja i drugih regionov Rossii. Izdatel'stvo Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-954-9-2020-74.

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A number of principles of geo-ecological optimization of landscapes of the Volga-Ural steppe region that are influenced by oil and gas production are proposed. The optimization provisions are developed taking into account the classical approaches to optimizing the natural environment and the principles of formation and functioning of technogenic geosystems of oil and gas fields in the steppe zone.
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Smirnova, Elena. "SPECIFICS OF LAND COVER OF NATURAL ANTHROPOGENIC LANDSCAPES IN OIL PRODUCTION REGIONS." In 14th SGEM GeoConference on SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES IN GEOLOGY, EXPLORATION AND MINING. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b11/s6.099.

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P. McCarthy, James. "And What of Intellectual Landscapes in the Future?" In InSITE 2005: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2900.

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The world of librarianship has undergone a sea change in its understanding of itself and of its role as a contributor to scholarship, teaching and learning during the past twenty years. It now seems poised to facilitate the opening of new vistas on future knowledge access and interpretation. It has become a leading force in the evolution of new intellectual landscapes while at the same time becoming ever more conscious of its traditional custodial role in preserving the media of knowledge transmission. There are so many facets of change taking place, so much research, so many reports, so many scholars and so many commercial companies contributing to create the knowledge society; a knowledge economy. So much of the language and culture of the knowledge society is derived from the world of commerce. Its evolution seems to be more and more market driven. But what might happen if knowledge was no longer the focus of the marketplace? Would production cease? This paper speculates about such a future and the knowledge landscape which might emerge.
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Willis, Kathy, Randi Elisabet Hagemann, Mathijs G. D. Smit, Elizabeth Jeffers, Christain Collin-Hansen, and Jurgen Weissenberger. "Assessing The Physical Ecological Impact (Footprint) Of Industrial Development On Landscapes Beyond Protected Areas." In SPE European Health, Safety and Environmental Conference in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/140590-ms.

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Neely, Alexander, Roman A. DiBiase, Lee B. Corbett, Paul R. Bierman, and Marc W. Caffee. "BEDROCK FRACTURE DENSITY CONTROLS ON SOIL PRODUCTION, TRANSPORT, AND BEDROCK EXPOSURE IN STEEP LANDSCAPES." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-340881.

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Spiegelberg, M. "Serving the underserved: the water–energy–food nexus in in socio-ecological production landscapes." In SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING 2015, edited by S. Hoshino and S. Hashimoto. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/sdp150151.

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Халиков, Рауф Музагитович, and Закира Бадретдиновна Латыпова. "INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE REGIONAL PRODUCTION OF GYPSUM BUILDING COMPOSITES." In Высокие технологии и инновации в науке: сборник избранных статей Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Июль 2022). Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/vt198.2022.77.71.013.

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Сырьевая база региональной стройиндустрии гипсовых композиционных материалов Башкортостана включает достаточно крупные месторождения гипсового камня и ангидрита. Инновационная рекультивационная технология добычи гипса является природосберегающим способом восстановления эродированных ландшафтов в результате карьерных разработок гипсосодержащего сырья. В Башкортостане рентабельно выпускаются композиционные строительные материалы и востребованные изделия на основе гипсовых вяжущих. The raw material base of the regional building industry of gypsum composite materials of Bashkortostan includes quite large deposits of gypsum stone and anhydrite. Innovative recultivation technology of gypsum mining is a nature-saving way to restore eroded landscapes as a result of quarrying gypsum-containing raw materials. Composite building materials and demand products based on gypsum binders are produced cost-effectively in Bashkortostan.
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Reports on the topic "Production landscapes"

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Kelley, L. C. Management along a gradient: Southeast Sulawesi's cacao production landscapes. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp13265.pdf.

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Dunbar, William, Suneetha M. Subramanian, and Makiko Yanagiya. Recognising and Supporting the Role of Culture in Effective Area-based Conservation. United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53326/nrlk9587.

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Other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) can achieve positive biodiversity outcomes in a larger area than is covered by protected areas. But this requires OECMs to be better integrated into sustainable production systems in conjunction with protected areas. Good examples of productive social-ecological systems exist. Recognising potential OECMs requires recognising the cultures that make them possible. Recommendations: (i) fully recognise and support the role of culture in fostering interlinked human–nature relationships and nurturing biodiversity in production landscapes and seascapes; (ii) develop sustainable market mechanisms using landscape approaches that promote respect for local cultures and the rights of all stakeholders; (iii) apply good practices for empowering cultures to enhance long-term biodiversity outcomes; (iv) provide innovative incentives including capacity development to encourage local communities to manage their landscapes and seascapes for biodiversity conservation.
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Huff, Mark H., Roger D. Ottmar, Ernesto Alvarado, Robert E. Vihnanek, John F. Lehmkuhl, Paul F. Hessburg, and Richard L. Everett. Historical and current forest landscapes in eastern Oregon and Washington Part II: Linking vegetation characteristics to potential fire behavior and related smoke production. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-355.

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Phuong, Vu Tan, Nguyen Van Truong, Do Trong Hoan, Hoang Nguyen Viet Hoa, and Nguyen Duy Khanh. Understanding tree-cover transitions, drivers and stakeholders’ perspectives for effective landscape governance: a case study of Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province, Viet Nam. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21023.pdf.

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Integrated landscape management for sustainable livelihoods and positive environmental outcomes has been desired by many developing countries, especially for mountainous areas where agricultural activities, if not well managed, will likely degrade vulnerable landscapes. This research was an attempt to characterize the landscape in Chieng Yen Commune, Son La Province in Northwest Viet Nam to generate knowledge and understanding of local conditions and to propose a workable governance mechanism to sustainably manage the landscape. ICRAF, together with national partners — Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute — and local partners — Son La Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Son La Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Chieng Yen Commune People’s Committee — conducted rapid assessments in the landscape, including land-use mapping, land-use characterization, a household survey and participatory landscape assessment using an ecosystem services framework. We found that the landscape and peoples’ livelihoods are at risk from the continuous degradation of forest and agricultural land, and declining productivity, ecosystem conditions and services. Half of households live below the poverty line with insufficient agricultural production for subsistence. Unsustainable agricultural practices and other livelihood activities are causing more damage to the forest. Meanwhile, existing forest and landscape governance mechanisms are generally not inclusive of local community engagement. Initial recommendations are provided, including further assessment to address current knowledge gaps.
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Houzer, Ella, and Ian Scoones. Are Livestock Always Bad for the Planet? Rethinking the Protein Transition and Climate Change Debate. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/steps.2021.003.

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Urgent climate challenges have triggered calls for radical, widespread changes in what we eat, pushing for the drastic reduction if not elimination of animal-source foods from our diets. But high-profile debates, based on patchy evidence, are failing to differentiate between varied landscapes, environments and production methods. Relatively low-impact, extensive livestock production, such as pastoralism, is being lumped in with industrial systems in the conversation about the future of food. This report warns that the dominant picture of livestock’s impacts on climate change has been distorted by faulty assumptions that focus on intensive, industrial farming in rich countries. Millions of people worldwide who depend on extensive livestock production, with relatively lower climate impacts, are being ignored by debates on the future of food. The report identifies ten flaws in the way that livestock’s climate impacts have been assessed, and suggests how pastoralists could be better included in future debates about food and the climate.
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Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE), CGIAR Research Program on. Healthy soils for productive and resilient agricultural landscapes. International Water Management Institute (IWMI). CGIAR Research Program on Water, Land and Ecosystems (WLE), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5337/2017.211.

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Hunter, Fraser, and Martin Carruthers. Iron Age Scotland. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.193.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  Building blocks: The ultimate aim should be to build rich, detailed and testable narratives situated within a European context, and addressing phenomena from the longue durée to the short-term over international to local scales. Chronological control is essential to this and effective dating strategies are required to enable generation-level analysis. The ‘serendipity factor’ of archaeological work must be enhanced by recognising and getting the most out of information-rich sites as they appear. o There is a pressing need to revisit the archives of excavated sites to extract more information from existing resources, notably through dating programmes targeted at regional sequences – the Western Isles Atlantic roundhouse sequence is an obvious target. o Many areas still lack anything beyond the baldest of settlement sequences, with little understanding of the relations between key site types. There is a need to get at least basic sequences from many more areas, either from sustained regional programmes or targeted sampling exercises. o Much of the methodologically innovative work and new insights have come from long-running research excavations. Such large-scale research projects are an important element in developing new approaches to the Iron Age.  Daily life and practice: There remains great potential to improve the understanding of people’s lives in the Iron Age through fresh approaches to, and integration of, existing and newly-excavated data. o House use. Rigorous analysis and innovative approaches, including experimental archaeology, should be employed to get the most out of the understanding of daily life through the strengths of the Scottish record, such as deposits within buildings, organic preservation and waterlogging. o Material culture. Artefact studies have the potential to be far more integral to understandings of Iron Age societies, both from the rich assemblages of the Atlantic area and less-rich lowland finds. Key areas of concern are basic studies of material groups (including the function of everyday items such as stone and bone tools, and the nature of craft processes – iron, copper alloy, bone/antler and shale offer particularly good evidence). Other key topics are: the role of ‘art’ and other forms of decoration and comparative approaches to assemblages to obtain synthetic views of the uses of material culture. o Field to feast. Subsistence practices are a core area of research essential to understanding past society, but different strands of evidence need to be more fully integrated, with a ‘field to feast’ approach, from production to consumption. The working of agricultural systems is poorly understood, from agricultural processes to cooking practices and cuisine: integrated work between different specialisms would assist greatly. There is a need for conceptual as well as practical perspectives – e.g. how were wild resources conceived? o Ritual practice. There has been valuable work in identifying depositional practices, such as deposition of animals or querns, which are thought to relate to house-based ritual practices, but there is great potential for further pattern-spotting, synthesis and interpretation. Iron Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report v  Landscapes and regions:  Concepts of ‘region’ or ‘province’, and how they changed over time, need to be critically explored, because they are contentious, poorly defined and highly variable. What did Iron Age people see as their geographical horizons, and how did this change?  Attempts to understand the Iron Age landscape require improved, integrated survey methodologies, as existing approaches are inevitably partial.  Aspects of the landscape’s physical form and cover should be investigated more fully, in terms of vegetation (known only in outline over most of the country) and sea level change in key areas such as the firths of Moray and Forth.  Landscapes beyond settlement merit further work, e.g. the use of the landscape for deposition of objects or people, and what this tells us of contemporary perceptions and beliefs.  Concepts of inherited landscapes (how Iron Age communities saw and used this longlived land) and socal resilience to issues such as climate change should be explored more fully.  Reconstructing Iron Age societies. The changing structure of society over space and time in this period remains poorly understood. Researchers should interrogate the data for better and more explicitly-expressed understandings of social structures and relations between people.  The wider context: Researchers need to engage with the big questions of change on a European level (and beyond). Relationships with neighbouring areas (e.g. England, Ireland) and analogies from other areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the Low Countries) can help inform Scottish studies. Key big topics are: o The nature and effect of the introduction of iron. o The social processes lying behind evidence for movement and contact. o Parallels and differences in social processes and developments. o The changing nature of houses and households over this period, including the role of ‘substantial houses’, from crannogs to brochs, the development and role of complex architecture, and the shift away from roundhouses. o The chronology, nature and meaning of hillforts and other enclosed settlements. o Relationships with the Roman world
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Banya, Roland Mwesigwa. Landscape Analysis of Social Investment in East Africa. Centre on African Philanthropy and Social Investment, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47019/2022.rr13.

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ocial investment in East Africa is a nascent but fast-growing phenomenon with immense potential to realize the achievement of the sustainable development goals. It plays a very important role in the financing of a plethora of development sectors in East Africa, for instance, financial inclusion and poverty eradication, health and well-being, education, responsible energy production and consumption in the region. This article applies a mixed methods approach to carry out a non-exhaustive landscape analysis of the social investment market in East Africa with a keen focus on Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. Based on relevant literature, available secondary data and a survey administered to social investors, this article applies the basic social investment market framework to highlight the dominant players in the demand and supply market spheres. The findings show that the supply of investment capital is misaligned with the demand from organizations and businesses and demand outweighs the supply. This article further analyses the challenges faced by the social investment players and also provides viable recommendations to drive the scale of social investment in East Africa.
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Bell, Alexis T., Monty M. Alger, Maria Flytzani-Stephanopoulos, T. Brent Gunnoe, Johannes A. Lercher, James Stevens, Joe Alper, and Camly Tran. The Changing Landscape of Hydrocarbon Feedstocks for Chemical Production: Implications for Catalysis: Proceedings of a Workshop. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1344369.

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Thompson, William L., and Danny C. Lee. Relationships Between Landscape Habitat Variables and Chinook Salmon Production in the Columbia River Basin, 1999 Annual Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/751941.

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