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Sohn, SugJe. "Modeling and Analysis of Production and Capacity Planning Considering Profits, Throughputs, Cycle Times, and Investment." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5083.
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This research focuses on large-scale manufacturing systems having a number of stations with multiple tools and product types with different and deterministic processing steps. The objective is to determine the production quantities of multiple products and the tool requirements of each station that maximizes net profit while satisfying strategic constraints such as cycle times, required throughputs, and investment. The formulation of the problem, named OptiProfit, is a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) with the stochastic issues addressed by mean-value analysis (MVA) and queuing network models. Observing that OptiProfit is an NP-complete, nonconvex, and nonmonotonic problem, the research develops a heuristic method, Differential Coefficient Based Search (DCBS). It also performs an upper-bound analysis and a performance comparison with six variations of Greedy Ascent Procedure (GAP) heuristics and Modified Simulated Annealing (MSA) in a number of randomized cases. An example problem based on a semiconductor manufacturing minifab is modeled as an OptiProfit problem and numerically analyzed. The proposed methodology provides a very good quality solution for the high-level design and operation of manufacturing facilities.
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Ouarkoub, Syrine. "Maximiser les profits : enquête sur les "faiseurs de changements" au sein de la banque et du conseil en management." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023EHES0062.
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Cruz, Ana Rita Jacinto. "Desmancha de carcaças de bovino: influência no rendimento comercial e nos custos de produção." Master's thesis, ISA, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6772.
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mestrado em Engenharia Zootécnica - Produção Animal - Instituto Superior de Agronomia / Faculdade de Medicina VeterináriaThe purposes of this study were to characterize the cutting of beef carcass, to compare suppliers and to develop models of meat dissection and production cost in order to evaluate its effects on the gross profits. The experimental basis was based on 50 samples of Holstein-friesian beef carcasses, 25 from supplier A and the remain 25 from supplier B. The average meat yield was 70,32±1,76%, with the 1st class meat presenting the highest yield (32,83±1,12%). Carcass weight presented itself as a good meat yield predictor. It was found that suppliers did not show a significant effect on the weight of the carcass pieces (P > 0,05). These pieces were grouped in “meat for processing” (MP) and in “vacuum packaged meat” (VPM). The highest meat dissection yield was obtained in MP from supplier B (51,02 %), while the highest cost was observed in VPM from the same supplier (4,24 €/kg). The highest production cost was verified in the VPM of supplier B (4,34 €/kg). It was demonstrated to be more profitable to buy carcasses from supplier A, since the gross profits was higher (0,76 €/kg) then from supplier B (0,64 €/kg). Results obtained with this study allow us to conclude that the implementation of these models in meat industry are of great importance for its economic viability.
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Nuti, Russell C. "Improving Cotton Production Margins through Management Decisions and Use of New and Standard commercial Products to Improve Quality and Profits." NCSU, 2004. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-09092004-101557/.
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Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a perennial plant managed as an annual crop to optimize yield and fiber quality while managing inputs to maximize profit. Transgenic improvements have simplified cotton production. Resistance to the non-selective herbicide glyphosate and in-plant production of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) endotoxin are two such advances. Cultural practices including use of mepiquat chloride (MC), and optimizing planting date contribute to crop uniformity and decrease risk involved with environmental stresses. Comparisons between conventional and transgenic weed and insect management systems, optimal and late planting dates, overhead sprinkle irrigation and drip irrigation, and use of MC were evaluated. Optimal-planted cotton had better yield than cotton planted late. Mepiquat chloride did not always provide an advantage, however never caused an undesirable response. At times, cotton plants treated with MC showed improved micronaire, compensation for boll loss, and earlier maturity. Broadcast glyphosate at the eight-leaf stage reduced yield of optimal-planted cotton in 1 of 3 years and 2 of 3 years in late-planted cotton. Glyphosate contact after the four-leaf stage in 2 of 3 years shifted the majority of bolls above node 10. Lint yield results were variable between overhead sprinkle and drip irrigation systems. Mepiquat chloride did not affect yield in irrigated cotton, however did control plant height, and improve fruit retention and cotton maturity. Non-labeled glyphosate applications reduced maturity in each irrigation system in 1 of 3 years. Cotton injury caused by conventional herbicides resulted in yield loss and poor returns compared to glyphosate systems. Early-season weed competition from low input herbicide programs caused cotton biomass reduction. High costs of conventional herbicide programs offset the available profit margin compared to glyphosate systems when yields were similar. Glyphosate systems provided excellent control of all weed species, while conventional herbicides gave acceptable control in most cases. Glyphosate resistant cotton cultivars with had better yield and returned more profit than the same cultivars treated with conventional herbicides.
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Bian, Yuan. "Tactical production planning for physical and financial flows for supply chain in a multi-site context." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IMTA0064/document.
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En période de crise financière, les entreprises ont besoin de trésorerie pour réagir efficacement aux aléas et assurer leur solvabilité. Cette thèse se situe à l’interface entre l’opérationnel et la finance pour développer des modèles de planification tactique gérant simultanément les flux physiques et financiers dans la supply chain. Le coût de financement des opérations basé sur le besoin en fond de roulement (BFR) est intégré comme un nouvel aspect financier jamais considéré dans la littérature de lot-sizing. Nous débutons par une extension du modèle EOQ considérant les coûts de financement du BFR. L’objectif est la maximisation du profit. Une quantité de production optimale est obtenue analytiquement ainsi que l’analyse de la sensibilité du modèle. De plus, les comparaisons avec le modèle EOQ et un modèle qui considère le coût du capital sont étudiées. Ensuite, un modèle basé sur un lot-sizing dynamique est établi. La propriété ZIO est démontrée et permet l’utilisation d’un algorithme en temps polynomial. Enfin un scénario multi-niveau à capacité infini est étudié avec une approche séquentielle puis centralisée. La propriété ZIO est prouvée dans ces deux cas. Des algorithmes de programmation dynamique sont utilisés pour obtenir une solution optimale. Cette thèse peut être considérée comme un premier, mais significatif, travail combinant la planification de production et la gestion du besoin en fond de roulement dans des modèles de planification tactique. Nous montrons que les aspects financiers ont un impact significatif sur les plans de production. Les cas étudiés dans cette thèse peuvent être considérés comme des sous-problèmes dans l’étude de scénario plus réalistesIn financial crisis, companies always need free cash flow to efficiently react to any uncertainties to ensure solvency. Thus, this thesis serves as an interface between operations and finance to develop tactical production planning models for joint management of physical and financial flows in the supply chain. In these models, the financing cost of operation-based working capital requirement (WCR) is integrated as a new financial aspect never before considered in the lot-sizing literature. We first focus on extending the classic EOQ model by considering the financing cost of WCR with a profit maximization objective. The optimal analytic production quantity formula is derived as well as sensitivity analysis of this model. Moreover, a comparison with the EOQ model and with the formula which considers the cost of capital are discussed. Secondly, a dynamic lot-sizing-based, discounted cash flow model is established based on Uncapacitated lot-sizing model. The zero-inventory ordering property is proven valid for this case and a polynomial-time algorithm can thus be established. Thirdly, multi-level and infinite capacity scenario is investigated with both sequential and centralized approaches. The ZIO property is demonstrated valid in both cases. Dynamic-programming based algorithms are constructed in order to obtain an optimal solution. This thesis should be considered as a first, but significant setup of combining production planning and working capital management. It is shown the significant financial consequences of lot-sizing decision on production planning. The cases investigated in this thesis may be tackled as subproblems in the study of more realistic scenarios
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Сердюк, Ю. С. "Аналіз формування та використання прибутку підприємства." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33059.
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Характерною ознакою економічного аналізу є об’єктивна оцінка ефективності виробничо-фінансової діяльності.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/33059
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Avalos, de la Cruz Dora Angélica. "Faisabilité de la production au Mexique de fromages de chèvre additionnés de piment : aspects technologiques, sensoriels, sanitaires et économiques." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL015N/document.
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Au Mexique, les fromages de chèvre ne sont pas très consommés en dehors des zones de production. Dans cette étude a été évalué : si l’ajout de piment (Capsicum annuum var. jalapeño) pouvait rendre les fromages de chèvre plus populaires auprès des consommateurs ; l’effet antibactérien d’un extrait aqueux de piment sur des bactéries d’intérêt alimentaire et la faisabilité économique d’une entreprise intégrée production-fabrication de fromage pimenté. La technologie de fabrication a été mise au point. Onze fromages avec quatre concentrations de capsaicinoïdes (0, 5, 10 et 15 ppm) ont été évalués par deux jurys non experts : Français et Mexicains. Les Français ont bien apprécié les fromages sans piment et peu pimentés avec jalapeño rouge et capsaicinoïdes et les Mexicains les peu et moyennement pimentés, quelle que soit la provenance du caractère brûlant. L’appréciation des fromages diminue avec l’augmentation de la couleur. Les souches de yaourt (S. thermophilus et Lb. delbrueckii) se sont révélées plus sensibles à l’extrait aqueux de piment et les bactéries Gram négatives étudiées n’ont pas montré aucun effet. Une entreprise intégrée est financièrement attractive et peu sensible à une variation de 15 % des coûts de l’alimentation du troupeau, de la main d’œuvre, de la somme des deux et de 8 % sur le taux de rentabilité ; elle est sensible mais faisable à une variation (15 %) du prix de vente du produit (fromage) et très sensible à la diminution en 50 % du rendement ; elle n’est pas économiquement intéressant si produit seulement du laitIn Mexico, the goat’s cheeses are not very much consumed outside production zones. The objective of this study was to obtain a cheese with chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum var. jalapeño). The technology, sensorial parameters for acceptance, hygienic and economical aspects were analyzed. A simple manufacturing process of goat cheeses with chilli pepper was developed. Eleven cheeses with fourth concentrations of capsaicinoids (0, 5, 10 and 15 ppm) were evaluated by two untrained groups: Mexicans and French. Cheeses without chilli pepper and lightly spiced (5 ppm) with red jalapeño and capsaicinoids were well appreciated by French subjects. These cheeses as well as fairly spiced ones (10 ppm), whatever the source of spiciness, were appreciated by Mexicans. The appreciation of cheeses decrease with the increase in red colour intensity. Yoghourt bacteria (S. thermophilus and Lb. delbrueckii) appeared more sensitive to the aqueous red pepper jalapeño extract and no effect could be shown on the studied negative Gram bacteria. The economic survey showed that a goat’s exploitation production-spiced cheese manufacture is profitable. The project is not very sensitive to a variation of 15% in cost of food, labour, sum of both and to 8% of profit rate. It is sensitive but feasible with a variation (15%) of the selling price of the cheese and very sensitive to a decrease of 50% in output and it is not economically interesting if the company produces only milk
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Cheaitou, Ali. "Modèles Stochastiques pour La Planification de Production et la Gestion de Stocks : Application aux Produits à Court Cycle de Vie." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00275821.
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Le phénomène d'incertitude, dont les sources sont variées, est rencontré dans plusieurs domaines et on devrait y faire face. Cette incertitude est due essentiellement à notre incapacité à prédire avec exactitude le comportement futur d'une partie ou de la totalité d'un système. Dans les dernières décades, plusieurs techniques mathématiques ont été développées pour maitriser cette incertitude, afin de réduire son impact négatif, et par conséquent, l'impact négatif de notre méconnaissance. Dans le domaine du « Supply Chain Management » la source principale d'incertitude est la demande future. Cette demande est, en général, modélisé par des lois de probabilité paramétrées en utilisant des techniques de prévision. L'impact de l'incertitude de la demande sur les performances de la « Supply Chain » est important: par exemple, le taux mondial de rupture de stock, dans l'industrie de distribution était en 2007 de 8.3%. De l'autre côté, le taux mondial de produits invendus, dans la grande distribution, était en 2003 de 1%. Ces deux types de coûts, qui sont dus essentiellement à l'incertitude de la demande, représentent des pertes significatives pour les différents acteurs de la « Supply Chain ».
Dans cette thèse, on s'intéresse au développement de modèles mathématiques de planification de production et de gestion de stock, qui prennent en compte ce phénomène d'incertitude sur la demande, essentiellement pour de produits à courte durée de vie. On propose plusieurs modèles de planification de production, à petit horizon de planification, qui prennent en compte les différents aspects de notre problématique, tels que les capacités de production, la remise à jour des prévisions de la demande, les options de réservation de capacité, et les options de retour « Payback » des produits. On souligne, dans ces modèles, un aspect important qui prend de l'ampleur à cause de la mondialisation, et qui est lié à la différence entre les coûts de production des différents fournisseurs. On propose à la fin de la thèse, un modèle généralisé qui pourrait être appliqué à des produits à longue durée de vie, et qui exploite quelques résultats obtenus pour les produits à courte durée de vie. Tous ces modèles sont résolus analytiquement ou bien numériquement en utilisant la programmation dynamique stochastique.
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Seppecher, Pascal. "Modélisation multi-agents d'une économie monétaire de production : un système dynamique et complexe d'interactions réelles et monétaires entre des agents multiples, hétérogènes, autonomes et concurrents." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00693151.
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Nous présentons un modèle numérique d'économie de marché décentralisée, fonctionnant hors de l'équilibre, composée de deux grands groupes d'agents (entreprises et ménages) auxquels sont respectivement associées deux fonctions économiques principales (production et consommation). Ces fonctions s'exercent dans le respect des règles des économies capitalistes (propriété privée des moyens de production, échanges monétaires, salariat). Les agents sont des individus en interaction directe et indirecte (et non des agents représentatifs ou des agrégats), chacun poursuivant son propre but, agissant en fonction de son état individuel et de l'environnement proche, sans se préoccuper du tout de l'équilibre général du système et sans contrôle supérieur (ni de la part d'un planificateur, ni d'un commissaire-priseur). Le modèle respecte les trois principes essentiels des économies monétaires: - le processus de production prend du temps et les entreprises ont besoin de crédit pour lancer ce processus; - la monnaie est endogène, elle est créée par le crédit bancaire à la production; - les entreprises sont guidées par le motif de profit et ce profit est monétaire. Implémenté en Java, le modèle se présente comme un laboratoire virtuel permettant de conduire de véritables expériences "in silico". Les interactions réelles et monétaires entre les agents (multiples, hétérogènes, autonomes et concurrents) forment un système dynamique et complexe dont les propriétés macroéconomiques ne sont pas postulées. Nous reconstruisons ainsi les conditions de l'émergence de comportements macroéconomiques inobservables dans les modèles basés sur les notions d'agent représentatif et d'équilibre général.
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Field, Daniel James. "Profit through product quality and quality service." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02162010-020036/.
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Shi, Chuan Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Efficient buffer design algorithms for production line profit maximization." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70425.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 447-465).
A production line is a manufacturing system where machines are connected in series and separated by buffers. The inclusion of buffers increases the average production rate of the line by limiting the propagation of disruptions, but at the cost of additional capital investment, floor space of the line, and inventory. Production lines are also a special case of assembly/disassembly systems as well as closed-loop systems. This thesis makes contributions to production system profit maximization. The profit of a production line is the revenue associated with the production rate minus the buffer space cost and average inventory holding cost. We assume that machines have already been chosen and therefore our only decision variables are the buffer sizes and the loop population. The difficulties of the research come from evaluation and optimization. We improve evaluation of loop systems. The optimization problem is hard since both the objective function and the constraints are nonlinear. Our optimization problem, where we consider the nonlinear production rate constraint and average inventory cost, is new. We present an accurate, fast, and reliable algorithm for maximizing profits through buffer space optimization for production lines, and extend the algorithm to closed-loop systems and production lines with an additional maximum part waiting time constraint. A nonlinear programming approach is adopted to solve the optimization problem. Two necessary modifications are proposed to improve the accuracy of the existing loop evaluation method before optimization of loops is studied. An analytical formulation of the part waiting time distribution is developed for two-machine one-buffer lines. It is used in the profit maximization for production lines with both the production rate constraint and the maximum part waiting time constraint. Numerical experiments are provided to show the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithms. Finally, a segmentation method and an additive property of production line optimization are studied. They enable us to optimize very long lines rapidly and accurately.
by Chuan Shi.
Ph.D.
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Barcsay, Katherine Eva. "Profit and production : Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice on film." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5152.
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Adaptation from literature to film has always been a much criticized enterprise, with fidelity
criticism, or an attempt to discredit fidelity criticism, often driving the critical discussion.
However, this type of thinking is somewhat limited, becoming circular and going nowhere
productive. Instead, taking into account what has come before, this thesis attempts to settle
on a method of examination that moves away from fidelity criticism and towards an approach
that aligns itself with cultural studies. Adaptations, then, can be seen as products of the
historical, cultural, political and general socio-economic framework out of which they
emerge, owing perhaps more to their context of production than to their source material. In
order to provide a case study that reflects this idea, this paper looks to an author who has
been adapted on multiple occasions, Jane Austen, and examines her as a cultural construct.
Looking at Austen’s most popular novel, Pride and Prejudice, and using Robert Z. Leonard’s
Pride and Prejudice (1940), Cyril Coke’s Jane Austen ‘s Pride and Prejudice (1980), Simon
Langton’s Pride and Prejudice (1995), Andrew Black’s Pride and Prejudice: A Latter Day
Comedy (2003), Gurinder Chadha’s Bride and Prejudice (2004) and Joe Wright’s Pride &
Prejudice (2005), the thesis argues that the appeal of Austen is a result of her cult status and
economic viability, and also the malleability of her text, which allows filmmakers to use it in
a number of different contexts, while still embodying the source material.
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Bhattacharyya, Arunava. "Production and Inefficiency." DigitalCommons@USU, 1990. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4051.
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The overall purpose of this three-part dissertation is to specify and estimate various components of inefficiency in the production and profit-generating processes. Flexibility in inefficiency-measurement techniques is introduced using stochastic fun ctional forms to overcome the restrictions of the simplifying assumptions used in previous studies. In addition, the profit function approach is used to measure firm specific inefficiency and to view profit inefficiency in the multiple output context. Empirical application of each approach is also attempted. Application of the measurement of the inefficiency component in the first two essays is made using data taken from Indian agricu lture. The multiple output model of the third essay is applied to data of the U. S. unit bank taken from the Functional Cost Analysis programme of the Federal Reserve banking system.
In the first essay, a quasi-translog production function is introduced and allocative, technical, and scale infficiencies are estimated for Indian agriculture with large and small farm divisions. Results obtained contradict earlier conclusions regarding the efficiency of Indian farms.
In the second essay, a Normalized Restricted Profit function is used to estimate allocative, scale, and profit inefficiency for the same set of farms. Empirical results confirm the conclusions of the first essay. Technical inefficiency cannot be isolated in this case, because the impact of technical inefficiency is confounded in the measure of profit inefficiency.
In the third essay, a translog profit function is used to estimate profit and allocative inefficiency in U. S. banking operations.
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Yalin, Mustafa. "Investigation Of Concentration Profiles In Carbon Nanotube Production Reactor." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611042/index.pdf.
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Carbon nanotubes have received considerable attention since their discovery due to their novel properties. They have potential application areas in physics, chemistry and biology. Arc discharge, laser furnace, chemical vapor deposition and floating catalyst methods are the most commonly used methods to produce carbon nanotubes. Although carbon nanotubes have superior properties compared to other materials, they could not be used widely. The main reasons of this are that continuous and large scale production of carbon nanotubes could not be achieved and impurities have to be removed. To solve these problems more information about formation of carbon nanotubes has to be known. In this study concentration profiles of reactant and byproducts in a cylindrical reactor are investigated during carbon nanotube production.
A special probe to collect gas samples along the reactor and samples loops to store the gas samples were designed and constructed. Gas samples were analyzed one by one in GC/MS. Experiments were done with and without catalyst at same experimental conditions. Thus, effects of catalyst on concentration profiles of chemicals were analyzed. To produce carbon nanotubes more acetylene was used compared to amount of acetylene used in pyrolysis. Increasing reaction temperature from 800°C to 875°
C caused decomposing more acetylene and producing more carbon nanotubes. It is believed that data accumulation on the reactions involved in the gas phase will lead to large scale production and lower product costs with a large catalyst surface to be produced in the reactor.
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Sousa, Guilherme Tomishiyo Teixeira de. "Thinning effects in the simulation of muon production profiles." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76131/tde-22032017-160056/.
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Extensive air showers’ (EAS) observables sensible to primary cosmic ray mass are a valuable asset in constraining competing astrophysical and particle physics scenarios proposed both to explaining cosmic rays features, such as their all-particle spectra, as well as their origin. These observables, however, need to be interpreted by comparison to EAS simulations, which are a source of great uncertainty. Shower simulations need to rely on a technique called thinning, an algorithm created to reduce computing time and storage requirement. In this work, we evaluate the effects of thinning over the muon production profile of an EAS simulation. For heavier particles it appears that thinned showers generate profiles with a deeper maximum, while results were not conclusive for protons and photon primaries. We investigate the thinning technique by constructing a toy model for shower simulations in which we have full control of the thinning implementation. To that end, we parameterized the energy distribution and particle production multiplicity from proton-air interactions and proton-pion interactions. However, we find that thinning effects over our model were too severe, rendering it impossible to draw further conclusions about its effects on full air showers simulations.Observáveis sensíveis à composição de raios cósmicos primários em chuveiros atmosféricos extensos são um recurso valioso na constrição de cenários competidores em astrofísica e física de partículas, propostos tanto para explicar características dos raios cósmicos, como o espectro de energia de todas as partículas, quanto sua origem. Estes observáveis, no entanto, precisam ser interpretados por comparação a simulações de chuveiros atmosféricos, que constituem fonte de grandes incertezas. Simulações de chuveiros são dependentes de uma técnica chamada thinning, um algoritmo criado para reduzir o tempo de computação e exigências de armazenamento. Neste trabalho, nós avaliamos os efeitos do thinning sobre o perfil de produção de múons em uma simulação de chuveiro atmosférico. Para partículas mais pesadas, aparentemente, chuveiros sujeitos ao thinning geram perfis com máximos mais profundos, e para prótons e fótons nossas análises foram inconclusivas. Nós investigamos a técnica do thinning construindo um simulador de chuveiros simplificado, em que o total controle sobre a implementação do thinning é garantido. Para este fim, parametrizamos a distribuição de energia e a multiplicidade de partículas em interações de próton com o ar e de píons com o ar. Entretanto, descobrimos que o efeito do thinning sobre o nosso modelo era muito severo, tornando impossível concluir seus efeitos sobre simulações completas.
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Berthelot, Xavier. "Profils circadiens et taux de production de la mélatonine chez la vache." Toulouse, INPT, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPT014A.
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L'etude des profils circadiens et de leurs variations saisonnieres a permis de montrer que la secretion de melatonine chez la vache est episodique (etroitement associee a la duree de la nuit), pulsatile (en moyenne 1 a 1,5 pic de secretion par heure au cours de la periode de secretion) et qu'il existe d'importantes variations individuelles des concentrations plasmatiques moyennes de l'hormone. L'etude des parametres pharmacocinetiques a permis de montrer, notamment, que la clairance corporelle est voisine de 0,33 l/kg/mn, valeur proche de celle du flux sanguin hepatique, suggerant un effet de premier passage hepatique. En outre, des experimentations specifiques ont permis de montrer la stationnarite et la linearite de la cinetique de la melatonine chez la vache. Enfin, le calcul des taux de production de l'hormone a differentes saisons a permis la mise en evidence de variations saisonnieres significatives (de 400 a 1800 ng/kg par 24 heures), correlees aux variations de la duree de la nuit
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Carter, Patrice. "Navigating development: the case of the non-profit documentary production company STEPS." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23759.
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Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the Global South that work in development are said to operate autonomously from their governments yet their very existence depends largely on dominant bureaucratic bodies - mostly Northern influencers. Indeed, many Southern NGOs are dissatisfied with the sector due to these structural and institutional forces that can be exclusionary, dominating and restricting to their autonomy, affecting the organization's sustainability as leaders within their civil societies. I have ventured to explore how one Southern NGO contends with such an environment. Through conducting an ethnography on Social Transformation and Empowerment Projects (STEPS), a nonprofit documentary production company based in Cape Town, South Africa, I have explored how they navigate within these confines. I have investigated what tacit rules they adhere to in order to remain operational in the sector while also exploring what other rules they attempt to subvert in order to emancipate themselves from these structural forces. This dissertation investigates power struggles in line with Foucault's (1980) theoretical framing on how power exists everywhere and in everything. This study also employs Bourdieu's (1977) concept of habitus and Vigh's (2009) utilization of the concept of navigation as ways to gain a deeper introspection into how these particular practitioners negotiate their positionality within development. Overall, I argue that central to how STEPS navigate the terrain of a contentious development field rest primarily in key decision-makers within the organization. The nature of these practitioners as informed by their life histories has created dispositions that not only inform their agency as individuals but also transfer to their organization (culture, structure, vision, ideologies, ambition). Despite external structures that can also act as roadblocks or allies in actions, choices and agency, the habitus of these prominent figures within the organization are key to actions of the collective when presented with negative or positive structural forces.
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Figuera, Stefano. "Monnaie, crédit financier et crise : rôle du profit et des banques et dysfonctionnement dans une économie capitaliste moderne." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOE019.
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L'objectif de la thèse est d'étudier le rôle de la monnaie et du crédit financier dans une économie capitaliste en tant qu'économie salariale afin de vérifier leur impact sur le dysfonctionnement de ce système. La théorie néo-classique n'a pas donné une réponse satisfaisante à ce problème, car elle se fonde sur un modèle d'économie d'échange. En revanche, dans une analyse fondée sur une économie de production, la valeur des biens et des services est déterminée à la production, comme le confirment les analyses de Smith, Ricardo et Marx. Les contributions de ces auteurs, bien que fondamentales, n'ont pas toujours été en mesure d’éclairer le rôle de la monnaie; en effet, elles n'expliquent pas la monétisation de tout le produit. L'oeuvre de Keynes représente le passage qui permet de progresser davantage. Elle est déterminante pour comprendre le fonctionnement d'une économie monétaire de production. Néanmoins, du fait que l'économie capitaliste se fonde sur la monnaie de crédit, il est difficile d'accepter l'explication keynesienne de la crise. C'est à travers la "théorie monétaire de la production" (dont les points de repères sont certains auteurs classiques et keynesiens) qu'il a été possible d'obtenir des résultats très importants. Les réflexions proposées par des économistes comme A. Graziani, en Italie, et les représentants de la théorie du circuit monétaire de l'école de Dijon sont fondamentales pour la compréhension du fonctionnement de l'économie capitaliste. A la lumière de ces analyses, les rôles et les responsabilités de la monnaie et du crédit financier sont bien définis. Il est ainsi possible de donner une explication de la crise en tant que dysfonctionnement (insuffisance irréversible de la demande globale). Les apports des théoriciens du circuit proposent différentes interprétations, tout en restant à l'intérieur d'une théorie monétaire de la production. Elles nous offrent en outre des arguments importants pour une réforme du système bancaireThe aim of this thesis is to study the role of money and financial credit in a capitalist economy, since it is a very wage economy, with the aim of verifying their impact in the malfunctioning of this system. Neo-classic theory has been unable to provide a satisfactory answer to this to this question, since it is based on an exchange economy model. Alternatively, in an analysis based on an economy of production, the value of goods and services is seen as determined at the moment of production, as confirmed in the analyses of Smith, Ricardo and Marx. The contribution of these authors, whilst fundamental, has not always been able to clarify the role of money - in fact they do not explain the monetization of all production. Keynes' contribution represents the transition which allows us to progress further. Keynes' work is determinant in our understanding of the workings of a monetary production economy. Not withstanding this, since capitalist economy is based on monetary credit, it is difficult to accept his explanation of the economic crisis. It is through contributions that have given place to an elaboration of a "monetary theory of production" (whose references are represented by classic authors and keynesians) that it has been possible to obtain very important results from an analytical perspective. The ideas proposed by economists such A. Graziani in Italy and represented by the theories of the monetary circuit from the Dijon school in France, are fundamental in an understanding of the workings of a capitalist economy. In the light of these analyses the roles and responsibility of money and financial credit are clearly defined. So it is possible to explain economic crisis as a malfunction (i. E. ): irreversible insufficiency to global demand. Whilst they remain in the field of a monetary theory of production, the contribution of these theories provide diverse interpretations. Further, they offer important indications towards a reform of the banking system itself
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Marroquin, Jacklin Beatriz. "Examination of North Dakota's Production, Cost, and Profit Functions: A Quantile Regression Analysis." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29736.
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This thesis estimates the production, cost, and profit functions for North Dakota agriculture using state-level input-output quantity and price data for the period 1960-2004. A Cobb-Douglas functional form with Hick-neutral technology change is used to measure the contribution of capital, land, labor, materials, energy, and chemical inputs quantities and output quantity using the primal production function; contribution of capital quantity, land quantity, output quantity, labor price, materials price, energy price, and chemical price to cost using the dual restricted cost function; and the contribution of capital quantity, land
quantity, labor price, materials price, energy price, chemical price, output price to profit using the dual restricted profit function. In contrast to previous studies, quantile regression is used to explore the linear or nonlinear relationship between the independent and dependent variable by estimating parameter coefficients at each quantile using time-series data. Empirical findings suggest the cost function is the best model to examine the relationship between input prices, output quantity and cost using quantile regression for North Dakota agriculture, Further, the quantile regression suggests a linear and non-linear
relationship between cost and certain independent variables.
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Huang, Ying. "Antibiotic Resistance in Aquaculture Production." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1417709599.
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Цвях, Павло Володимирович. "Економічне обґрунтування напрямів зниження собівартості продукції ПАТ «Житомирський маслозавод»." Bachelor's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2019. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/29683.
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Метою дипломної роботи є обґрунтування практичних рекомендацій щодо зниження собівартості продукції на підприємстві ПАТ «Житомирський маслозавод».
В роботі розглянуто поняття собівартості продукції, детально розглянуті витрати підприємства, фактори впливу на зниження собівартості, проаналізований фінансово-економічний стан підприємства ПАТ «Житомирський маслозавод», розраховані економічні показники діяльності підприємства; запропоновано напрями зниження собівартості продукції завдяки оновленню основних засобів та скороченню кількості працівників; розраховано економічний ефект щодо запропонованих заходів на ПАТ «Житомирський маслозавод».
Об’єкт дослідження – процес зниження собівартості продукції ПАТ «Житомирський маслозавод».
Предмет дослідження – сукупність теоретичних, методичних і практичних підходів до обґрунтування напрямів зниження собівартості продукції на підприємстві ПАТ «Житомирський маслозавод».The purpose of the thesis is to substantiate the practical recommendations for reducing the cost of production at PJSC «Zhytomyrski maslozavod». In the work, the cost of production at the enterprise was analyzed, to achieve the reduction of the cost can be in the following ways: replacing the technique to a newer, more efficient; increase production volume; reduce the average number of workers. New equipment will help reduce energy costs and depreciation, as well as increase the volume of produced products. An increase in the volume of produced products will significantly reduce the cost. The object of research - is the process of reducing the cost of production of PJSC "Zhytomyr Butter Plant". Subject of research - a set of theoretical, methodological and practical approaches to substantiation of the ways of reducing the cost of production at the enterprise PJSC «Zhytomyrski maslozavod».
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Tarom, Nematollah. "Numerical modelling to evaluate temperature profile along an injection or production wellbore." Thesis, Curtin University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/482.
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This study developed numerical model to predict the flowing wellbore temperature profile (FWTP) of injection/production well for single and multiphase flow. A computer simulator, named WTP was developed employing this model. Case studies and sensitivity results demonstrated that: the simulator can be used as a powerful tool to analyse FWTP; and the behaviour and nature of dependency of FWTP is very complex. Such behaviour can be further influenced by many fluid and well related parameters.
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Ozturk, Alev Deniz. "Production Of Tannase By Aspergillus Niger." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12607444/index.pdf.
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ABSTRACT
PRODUCTION OF TANNASE BY ASPERGILLUS NIGER
Öztü
rk, Alev Deniz M.S., Department of Chemical Engineering Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ufuk Bakir Co-Supervisor: Prof. Dr. B. Zü
mrü
t Ö
gel August 2006, 90 pages In this study, a filamentous fungus, Aspergillus niger was evaluated in terms of extracellular tannase production. The effect of tannic acid, glucose and nitrogen sources on tannase and biomass productions was investigated and their concentrations were optimized. The highest enzyme activity was recorded as 316 U/ml in the optimized medium containing 8% Tannic acid, 1% Glucose, 0.4% (NH4)2HPO4, 0.1% K2HPO4, 0.1% MgSO4.7H2O, 0.01% ZnSO4.7H2O, 0.0005% NaCl in a shake-flask bioreactor at 35oC and 175 rpm. The bioreaction profile including tannic acid, gallic acid, pyrogallol, glucose concentrations, pH, biomass and extracellular tannase production were determined under the optimized conditions. The maximum extracellular tannase activity (316 U/ml) was observed on the 4th day of cultivation. However, biomass continued to increase up to the 9th day of fermentation. Increase in biomass concentration during the first two days and after the 7th day was high. The microorganism used tannic acid and glucose during the first two days by considering the sharp decrease in tannic acid and glucose concentrations. The increase in biomass concentration after the 7th day was directly proportional to the decrease in pyrogallol concentration in this period of time. The pH of the cultivation medium decreased from 5.5 to 2.3 owing to the assimilation of glucose and the production of gallic acid. Keywords: Tannase, Aspergillus niger, Enzyme production, Cultivation profile, Tannic acid.
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Petersson, Anton, and Peter Hallberg. "A model to increase profit by optimizing the production process within a cutting station: A case study." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för maskinteknik (MT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-26268.
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Studies have shown that it is necessary for manufacturing industries, in order to stay competitive and increase the profitability, to work with optimizations and continuous improvements of processes. Existing models and philosophies aiming for this, such as PDCA (Plan Do Check Act), IDEA (Investigate Design Execute Adjust), DMAIC (Define Measure Analyze Improve Control), and Lean Production, are either ambiguous or only focusing on one specific area or field. Due to this it is not suitable to apply these singly at a cutting station because root causes to problems can derive from many different factors. The purpose of this thesis has been to develop a model, with the advantage of having a clear and structured approach, and still considering all affecting factors of the cutting station. This leads to a better chance of finding the actual root causes, consequently maximizing the profits gained from the improvement solutions suggested. The model has been applied and tested on a case company and it has been proven to be suitable to use when optimizing a cutting station. Eight alternatives for possible improvements were found, where five of these were estimated to generate more than 800 000 SEK in cost savings each year. For the other three there were no estimations done due to the large extent of the suggestions, but it is believed that these will have an even larger impact on the profitability than the other alternatives. The results found will provide a solid foundation for the company in order to achieve the best possible outcome, when completing the rest of the model. The model has been developed for cutting stations but with small modifications it can be applied on any other production station in a plant.Studier har visat att det är nödvändigt för tillverkande industrier, för att kunna bibehålla en hög konkurrenskraft och en ökad vinst, att arbeta med optimeringar och ständiga förbättringar av processer. Existerande modeller och filosofier som har detta som mål, såsom PDCA (Plan Do Check Act), IDEA (Investigate Design Execute Adjust), DMAIC (Define Measure Analyze Improve Control), och Lean Production, kan vara otydliga eller fokuserar endast på ett specifikt område eller fält. På grund av detta är det inte passande att applicera dessa individuellt på en skärande bearbetningsstation, då felorsaker kan härstamma från många olika faktorer. Syftet i detta examensarbete har varit att utveckla en modell som har fördelen att ha ett tydligt och strukturerat tillvägagångssätt, men fortfarande ta hänsyn till alla påverkande faktorer i den skärande bearbetningsstationen. Detta medför en större chans till att hitta den verkliga felorsaken, därmed också maximera den tjänade vinsten från förbättringslösningarna som föreslagits. Modellen har blivit applicerad och testad på ett fallföretag samt blivit bevisad att vara passande att använda vid optimeringar av skärande bearbetningsstationer. Åtta alternativ för möjliga förbättringar har hittats, varav fem av dessa var estimerade att generera mer än 800 000 kr i kostnadsbesparingar varje år. På de andra tre alternativen var inga estimeringar utförda på grund av storleken på förslagen, men dessa tros ha en ännu större inverkan på vinsten jämfört med de andra alternativen. Dessa resultat tillhandahåller företaget med en solid grund att stå på, för att kunna uppnå bästa möjliga utfall när resten av modellen slutförs. Modellen har utvecklats för skärande bearbetningsstationer men kan, med mindre modifikationer, även appliceras på vilken produktionsstation som helst på en fabrik.
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Zereyesus, Yacob Abrehe. "Essays in applied demand and production analysis." Diss., Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/6911.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Vincent R. Amanor-Boadu
This dissertation is composed of two essays in applied microeconomics. Using farm level data, the first essay applied nonparametric methods to test the adherence of individual farm’s production choices to profit maximization objective. Results indicate that none of the farms consistently satisfy the joint hypothesis of profit maximization. The study took into account the uncertainty prevalent in agricultural production by systematically modeling the optimization behavior of farms. Departures of observed data of individual farms from profit maximization objectives were attributed more due to stochastic influences caused by output production decisions than input use decisions. Results also support the existence of technological progress during the study period for Kansas farms. At an alpha level of 5%, assuming both input and output quantities as stochastic, only 5.3% of the farms violated the joint hypothesis of profit maximization with standard error exceeding 10%. Whereas when only input quantities are considered stochastic, a total of 71.73% and 2.09% of the farms had minimum standard errors of greater than 10% and 20% respectively required for the joint profit maximization hypothesis to hold. When only output quantity measurements were assumed as stochastic, a total of 80.10 % and 18.84 % of the farms had minimum standard errors of greater than 10% and 20% respectively required for the profit maximization hypothesis to hold. The second essay examines the demand for alcoholic beverages (beer, wine and distilled spirits) for the U.S. using time series data from 1979-2006. The estimation is done using an error correction form of the Almost Ideal Demand System . Results indicate that there is a significant difference between short run and long run elasticity estimates. The paper addresses the exogeneity of log of prices and log of real expenditures. For the beer and wine equations, the hypothesis of joint exogeneity of price index and real expenditure cannot be rejected at all the conventional levels of significance. For the spirits equation, the tests strongly reject the simultaneous exogeneity of price index and real expenditure. When independently tested, price index appears to be endogenous variable where as real expenditure seems exogenous variable. Based on these results, the real expenditure was considered as an exogenous variable, where as the price index for spirits as an endogenous variable.
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Van, Vooren Gérard. "Influence des conditions de culture sur les profils lipidiques de microalgues pour la production de biodiesel." Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT2099.
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Il est possible d'augmenter la teneur en lipides de certaines microalgues, en vue de transformer une partie de ces lipides en biodiesel, en modifiant leurs conditions environnementales. Ceci a constitué l'objet de cette thèse, ayant eu pour but d'étudier à l'aide de photobioréacteurs contrôlés la relation entre ces conditions et la réponse biologique. Rapidement, il s'est avéré qu'un suivi précis du procédé était nécessaire. La chromatographie ionique et le cotmètre ont permis de déterminer les besoins en nutriments majeurs. L'interaction entre les nutriments azote et carbone a été ainsi mise en évidence. L'étude des différents protocoles analytiques usuels de caractérisation de la biomasse (protéines, glucides et lipides) a révélé également leur très grande imprécision. Le choix analytique s'est donc limité à la caractérisation, par chromatographie gazeuse, des acides gras extraits par la méthode «cellules entières». La production de biodiesel privilégiant l'utilisation de triacylglycérols purs a conduit à les isoler des lipides extraits afin d'identifier et de quantifier leurs acides gras. Deux protocoles de carence en azote ont été testés en photobioréacteurs, imposant à la cellule une adaptation métabolique instantanée ou progressive. L'ensemble des expériences de carence a montré que la synthèse de triacylglycérol dépendait de l'intensité lumineuse reçue par la cellule, paramètre complexe dépendant de caractéristiques variant au cours de la carence. Deux verrous technologiques relatifs à la culture industrielle des microalgues ont également été brièvement abordés : la récolte par autofloculation et le milieu recyclableIncreasing lipids content of some microalgae, in order to produce biodiesel, can be obtained by modifying culture medium. The aim of this work was to investigate the relation between culture conditions and lipids production. Lt was rapidly shown the relevance of an accurate monitoring of the process evolution. Microalgae needs in major nutrients were measured with ionic chromatography and cotmeter. Interaction between carbon and nitrogen was then highlighted. A study of the analysis protocols used for biomass characterization (proteins, carbohydrates and lipids) revealed a lack of accuracy. Then, biomass characterization was restricted to lipids with a method ("whole cells") where fatty acids analysis is directly conducted on the sample without a prior extraction. Due to biodiesel process specifications, fatty acid analysis was realized on triacylglycerids after their separation from total lipids. Progressive and sudden nitrogen starvation protocols were tested in photobioreactors. All experiences indicated that light received by individual cell is a relevant parameter for increasing triacylglycerids cell content. Two production steps related to the industrial microalgae production were briefly studied: harvesting by autofloculation and medium recycling
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Murphy, Carol-Anne. "Profiles and characteristics of sentence production difficulties in children with specific language impairment." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2660.
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Sentence production difficulties in children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) include problems with production of verb argument structure, complex sentences and morphology, with several studies attesting to particular weaknesses in verb knowledge Children may group according to relative strengths and weaknesses in production of verb argument structure and morphology. Guided by a theoretical model of sentence production as a framework for profiling and choice of assessment tasks and tools, this researach aimed to differentially diagnose profiles of sentence production difficulties in children with SLI and to determine stability profiles and change. Data was gathered from typically developing children (n=92) for the purposes of standardising a verb knowledge and sentence generation task designed for the study. Cluster analysis based on assessment results at two time periods, for school-aged children with SLI (n=20), on a range of single word, sentence level and narrative tasks that probed semantic-syntactic and morphological levels of sentence production, with consideration of non-standardised measures of morphological and argument structure errors, was carried out. Possible interactions between levels of sentence processing were explored through a randomised cross-over intervention study targeting verb argument structure and morphology. The results of profiling indicate small clusters of children who had weaknesses across several aspects of sentence production, or weaknesses confined to one or two aspects only. One large cluster presented considerable heterogeneity and stability of profiles for the whole group at follow-up assessment was poor. Variability within profiles and over time, with task differences, point to the importance of detailed profiling in order to specify deficits for intervention. The results of the intervention study indicate treatment effects in both argument structure and past tense production with some limited support for an order of intervention effect, suggesting that complexity effects and interactions between levels of sentence processing could be exploited to maximise change from intervention.
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Said, David Michael, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, of Health Humanities and Social Ecology Faculty, and School of Social Ecology. "Defining the green consumer : a legitimisation of the process of marketing products with lower environmental impacts." THESIS_FHHSE_SEL_Said_D.xml, 1996. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/45.
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Everything manufactured has an impact on the environment, either by consuming unrenewable resources as raw materials, or consuming energy, or adding excess nutrients to soils and waterways, or generating greenhouse gasses, wastes or pollutants. Many environmental critics believe that the most effective way to reduce this damage is to regulate to force manufacturers to produce and distribute goods with lower environmental impacts. Others believe that consumers should be educated to demand these improvements from manufacturers. The author of this thesis believes the most effective way to persuade the private sector to reduce the environmental impacts of its products would be to convince them that this would be profitable. At this point in time, most Australian manufacturers do not believe this to be the case, otherwise there would be many more green products in the marketplace. Many marketers have a negative attitude to green marketing, while others who would like to investigate the potential of the green market lack the data to do so. The original research for this thesis takes the form of a commercial market segmentation study designed to analyse the green market and provide answers to the following questions : Which segment or segments of the Australian population are actual or potential green consumers? What are their motivations, attitudes and buying habits? What new products would they welcome in the future? The findings of the research are that at least 50 percent of the Australian market has made considerable behavioural adjustments for environmental reasons and would welcome greener products. Marketers can therefore only ignore the green market at the risk of ignoring the needs and wants of 50 percent of the population. Thus, the original research provides a map of the Australian Green Market which will legitimise the corporate decision, develop and promote greener productsMaster of Science (Hons) (Social Ecology)
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Elmi, Abdirashid A. "Denitrification and nitrous oxide dynamics in the soil profile under two corn production systems." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38482.
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Concerns for environmental quality stimulate the development of various management strategies that mitigate nutrient losses to the environment.Field experiments were conducted at St. Emmanuel, Quebec, from 1998 to 2000 to investigate the combined effects of water table management and N fertilizer application rates on corn yield, concentrations of NO3- -N in the soil profile and tile subsurface drainage water, denitrification and N2O production rates, and N2O:N2O+N 2 production ratios in the soil profile. There were two water table treatments: free drainage (FD) with open drains at a 1.0 m depth from the soil surface and subirrigation (SI) with a water table depth of 0.6 m below the soil surface, and two N fertilization rates: 120 kg N ha-1 (N120) and 200 kg N ha-1 (N 200) arranged in a split-plot design. Compared to FD, subirrigation reduced NO3--N concentration in the soil by up to 50% and in drainage water by 55 to 73%. Water table had little effect on corn yield during the study period. Greater denitrification rates under SI were not accompanied with greater N2O emissions as ratios of N2O:N2O+N2 were lower under SI than in FD plots. Denitrification rate, N2O emissions, and their ratios were unaffected by N rate.
A second field experiment was initiated from 1999 to 2000 to assess impacts of tillage systems on NO3--N, denitrification, N2O, and ratios of denitrification end-products (N2O:N 2O+N2). The experiment was conducted on long-term momocropped corn experimental plots under conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT), and no-till (NT), located at the Macdonald Research Farm, McGill University. Soil NO3--N concentrations tended to be lower under RT than under NT or CT. Denitrification and N2O were similar among tillage systems.
Approximately 50% of soil denitrification activity was measured within the 0.15--0.45 m soil layer. Consequently, we propose that sampling the 0--0.15 m soil layer alone, as is usually done, may not give an accurate picture of soil denitrification activity. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations remained high in all soil depths sampled, but was not affected by water table, N rate or tillage system.
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Fleenor, Bradley S. "The effects of policosanol on reaction time, force production, and the blood lipid profile." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1231340.
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Thirty recreationally active individuals, 16 males and 14 females, participated in the study to examine the effects of policosanol supplementation on reaction time, force production and the blood lipid profile. The subjects were matched based on height, weight. gender, current physical activity level and body fat percentage. The matched subjects where randomly assigned to either the policosanol or placebo group. Supplementation period lasted 8 weeks with reaction and decision time measurements taken at baseline, weeks 2, 4, 6 and 8. Force production was evaluated with the Cybex Dynamometer at speeds of 60, 120, 180 and 240 degrees/second at baseline, weeks 2, 4, 6 and 8. Blood was drawn and analyzed at baseline, weeks 4 and 8. A two way repeated analysis of variance was used to analyze differences between pre and post measurement at a significance level of p <_ .05. There were no significant changes in reaction ordecision time between groups. Force production significantly increased in both groups however, there was no significance between groups. The blood analysis demonstrated significant changes in total cholesterol and triglycerides. No differences were found in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or liver function measurements. It was concluded that further research in needed to examine the effects of reaction time in older individuals with possibly slower reaction times. The increase in force was due to a training effect and not from policosanol supplementation. However, future research with policosanol and strength needs to incorporate a training protocol. The trend observed with the blood parameters was concluded be a normalizing effect rather than a lowering effect.School of Physical Education
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Frei, Patrick Pius. "A health profile of Swiss dairy cows : study design and description of production systems /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1995. http://www.stub.unibe.ch/html/haupt/datenbanken/diss/bestell.html.
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Robin, Marie-Hélène. "Analyse et modélisation des effets des pratiques culturales et de la situation de production sur les dégâts causés par les bioagresseurs des cultures. Application au blé d’hiver." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0067/document.
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La protection intégrée des cultures (PIC) apparaît comme une stratégie durable de protection des plantes contre les bioagresseurs, satisfaisant les exigences à la fois économiques, écologiques et sanitaires auxquelles est confrontée l’agriculture. L’amélioration des connaissances sur les interactions entre les bioagresseurs et les pratiques agricoles est indispensable afin de concevoir des méthodes de lutte plus économes en produits phytosanitaires Le modèle IPSIM (Injury Profile SIMulator), développé dans ce travail de thèse, vise à simuler l’effet des pratiques culturales, du pédoclimat et de l’environnement de la parcelle sur les dégâts causés par les bioagresseurs sur une culture. Ce modèle est basé sur une approche hiérarchique et agrégative. Ce travail décrit la base conceptuelle de la modélisation IPSIM et son application pour construire le modèle IPSIM-Wheat, simulant les profils de dégâts sur le blé en fonction des pratiques culturales et de l’environnement biotique et abiotique. Plusieurs modèles ont été conçus pour prédire les sévérités de six maladies, un ravageur et les plantes adventices du blé. Ces modèles contribuent ainsi au développement d’IPSIM-Wheat, dont une première version est présentée pour des bioagresseurs majeurs en interaction. Ce futur modèle pourra contribuer à concevoir des systèmes de culture incluant du blé, moins soumis aux pressions biotiques et moins dépendants des pesticidesIntegrated pest management (IPM) appears as a sustainable strategy to protect plants against pest while answering the economical, ecological, and toxicological expectations that agriculture must face. The effects of cultural practices on pest dynamics have to be thoroughly analyzed in order to reduce the reliance of cropping systems on pesticides. A model, named IPSIM ((Injury Profile SIMulator), currently under development in this thesis, aims at simulating the effects of cropping practices, as well as soil, climate and field environment on the injuries caused by multiple pests of a given crop. This model is based on a hierarchical and aggregative approach. This study describes the conceptual basis of the modeling and its applications in order to develop IPSIM-Wheat, a model simulating injury profiles on wheat. Thus, several models have been designed to predict six diseases, one insect pest and weeds. This study thus contributes to the development of IPSIM-Wheat which will help design innovative sustainable wheat-based cropping system
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Karlin, Joel. "Analysis of forward contracting by California dairy producers on input and output sides using least- cost and profit-maximization methods." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/3904.
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Amini, Keyvan. "Strategies for improving fatty acid profile of eggs for production of omega-3 enriched eggs." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100759.
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Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of Pearl Millet in combination with different levels of flaxseed and natural pigment (Oro Glo 15RTM) on quantity of n-3 fatty acids in eggs, laying performance and yolk pigmentation. In the first experiment, six different diet treatments were used for six weeks, with 24 hens per treatment (three birds per cage, eight cage replicates). Control diet was a corn-soybean meal diet, and diets containing 0, 2, 4, 8 or 12% ground flaxseed in which all the corn was replaced by pearl millet. In the second experiment, the diet treatments consisted of pearl millet and three inclusion levels of ground flaxseed (4%, 6% and 8%) and two levels (0.1% and 0.2%) of natural pigment in a factorial arrangement. The experiment lasted for twelve weeks, with 18 hens per treatment (three birds per cage, six cage replicates). In each of the experiments, all the diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous and to meet or exceed NRC requirements. Body weight of the birds and feed consumption were recorded at weekly (first experiment) and biweekly (second experiment) intervals. Number of eggs and egg mass produced were measured and recorded on a daily basis. At the end of each of the experiments, all the hens were euthanized to determine liver integrity. In both of the experiments, flock performance parameters were not different among treatments. In regard to egg traits, in the second experiment after 8 week of the start of the experiment, birds fed with diets containing 8% flaxseed produced significantly ( P < 0.05) smaller eggs compared to hens fed 4% flaxseed. Yolk pigmentation was lower (P < 0.05) for the eggs produced by hens fed diets containing pearl millet compared with those produced by feeding corn-based diet. However, 0.1% or 0.2% inclusion of the pigment both proved to be suitable to restore yolk pigmentation to marketable levels. No difference was observed among diets in regard to liver haemorrhage. Evaluation of FA profiles indicated that birds fed a diet containing PM as the sole grain source, and low levels of flaxseed (6%) can produce eggs with more than 350 mg/egg of n-3 FA, which is the lower standard to market eggs as "n-3 FA enriched".Keywords: laying hens, pearl millet, flaxseed, natural pigment, flock performance, eggs, liver haemorrhage.
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Chocano, Magdalena. "Profiles of Textile Production in a Regional Space: Conchucos, Ancash, Perú, between 1593 and 1876." Economía, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118284.
Full textAbstract:
There is a good deal of data to suggest that the corregimiento of Conchucos was a significant textile production center. The systematization of this data has allowed us to map out the geography of the textile economy in the area, highlighting those zones where the work was carried out. On the other hand, although the lack of series for the textile production of Conchucos precludes a study of this sector that is comparable with that of Huamanga or Cusco, the available demographic information for the corregimiento allows the long-term evolution of its textile economy to be traced through to the eventual division into provinces during the Republican era. This analysis allows the ethnic and gender distribution of work in the textile sector to be discerned, while elucidating some of the elements of economic change that affected this territory.Existe una gran cantidad de datos que sugieren que el corregimiento de Conchucos tuvo una significativa producción textil. La sistematización de esa información nos ha permitido trazar una geografía de la economía textil de ese territorio que destaca las zonas donde se desarrollaron los obrajes. Por otra parte, aunque la carencia de series para la producción textil de Conchucos no permite realizar un estudio de ese sector equiparable a los realizados para Huamanga o el Cusco, la información demográfica existente para aquella circunscripción, permite trazar un panorama de la evolución a largo plazo de su economía textil hasta su escisión en provincias ya en la época republicana. A través de ese análisis se puede percibir la distribución étnica y sexual del trabajo en el sector textil, y esclarecer algunos elementos de cambio económico que afectaron a ese territorio.
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Miranda, Mozarth Dias de Almeida [UNESP]. "A pauta jornalística na convergência digital: outros caminhos e novos desafios." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89528.
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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2011-03-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:48:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
miranda_mda_me_bauru.pdf: 2352987 bytes, checksum: 149c98d4dd6d5a4af9ff3ce95d5ab1db (MD5)Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
A produção da pauta jornalística em TV Digital transita pelo novo espaço que é essa plataforma. A nova maneira de informar no meio televisivo oferece um novo comportamento de emissores e receptores. A análise de telejornais da GloboNews e BandNews na produção de notícias para a televisãom e portais são exemplos de interação entre as mídias. Novas competências e habilidades serão agregadas ao perfil dos profissionais que atuam nesse meio. Os avanços tecnológicos e a produção de conteúdo andam em paralelo e influenciam todo o processo que abordamos.
The production of the jounalistic guidelines in the digital TV transit through the new space that is such platform. The new manner of informing in the television media offer a new behaviour from emitters and recipients. The analysis of TV news programs from GloboNews and BandNews in the production of information for television and journalistic websites are examples of interaction between those medias. New competences and habilities are brought together to the profile of professionals that act in this media. The technological advances and the content production walk in parallel and influence the process that we approach.
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Al-Saedi, Nadia Hanoon Salman. "Study on protein profiles of soybean and lupin milk and their vegan cheese productions." Thesis, Al-Saedi, Nadia Hanoon Salman (2021) Study on protein profiles of soybean and lupin milk and their vegan cheese productions. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2021. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/61541/.
Full textAbstract:
The prospects of lupin grain as an animal alternative and functional food have increased over recent decades due to its high protein content and low level of anti-nutritional fractions that can help to improve the nutritional value and human health benefits. Australian Sweet Lupins are used in making foods such as tempe, miso and traditional soy sauces. Soybeans are used in food products such as meals, drinks, and sports beverages. They aretherefore, very beneficial to demonstrate the possibility of lupin milk and soybean proteins to produce cheese without the saturated fat found in dairy milk.
This thesis focuses on proteomic analysis of soybean and lupin seed milk in cheese products made with different coagulation methods, using a range of proteome technologies including isoelectric focusing (IEF), two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and liquid chromatograph mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Two narrow-leaf lupin cultivars PBA Jurien and Mandelup cultivar and one cultivar (Bunya) of soybean (Glycine max) were studied for proteomic analysis to identify their diverse proteins. Whole and split-seed milk from soybean were extracted via two filtration methods, cheesecloth and centrifugation. A total of 97 protein spots were identified, 49 of which displayed different abundances. Of the two separation techniques, centrifuge separation gave higher protein and more intense protein spots than cheesecloth separation. In addition, split-seed soybean milk contained fewer allergenic proteins, then did whole-seed milk. Also, the results indicate that cheese can be obtained from soybean milk filtered by either cheesecloth or centrifugation.
This thesis also investigates the influence of filtration techniques on lupin seed milk. A total of 230 proteins were identified, of which 60 protein spots showed differential abundance, different proteins either present or absent, or differential protein quantity between the samples of lupin milk. For both cultivars, cheesecloth separation gave much better protein extraction than centrifugation. The protein reference maps constructed for whole and split-seed soybean and lupin milk was further used in the study of soybean and lupin cheesemaking from their seed milk. This study was conducted to identify the optimal method of cheese production, based on temperature, coagulation method, sensory evaluation, yield, and also to identify the proteins associated with cheese production. Lupin cheeses were obtained from split-seed lupin milk using cheesecloth filtration but could not be obtained from centrifuge-separated lupin milk. To understand protein yield and composition, lupin milk proteins were separated from the first and second cheesecloth filtrations and analysed using 2D-PAGE followed by LC-MS. The results indicated that the first filtration method produced better extraction and higher yield of lupin proteins than the second filtration method. Lupin cheese products by vinegar 7.80% (expressed as acetic acid) coagulation were characterized by a relatively higher yield, higher protein content and preference by sensory panellists. Lupin cheese finding that has not been previously explored in the literature. These outcomes have potential for the dairy industry and will assist in understanding the health benefits of lupin cheeses.
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Beneventi, Elisa. "Production and Characterization of New Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenases." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423431.
Full textAbstract:
The Baeyer-Villiger reaction is a very important oxidative reaction in organic synthesis that leads to the production of optically pure esters and lactones from ketones. It is typically performed by peroxyacids, oxydative reagents that are toxic, hazardous and lacking selectivity. By using "green chemistry", it is possible to perform the same reaction using "bio-catalyzers", enzymes named Baeyer-Villiger monoxygenases (BVMOs), a group of avin dependent monooxygenases, that use NAD(P)H and molecular oxygen in order to catalyze chemo-, regio-, and enantio-selective oxidative reactions. BVMOs have been identied in a large number of bacteria and fungi but only a restricted number of them is available in recombinant form. In order to discover novel BVMOs, new sources of enzymes will become important.
Using bioinformatics tools, we have identied and selected ve new putative type I BVMOs from dierent organisms: Oryza sativa (Os; plant), Physcomitrella patens (Pp; moss), Cyanidioschyzon merolae (Cm; red alga), Trichodesmium erythraeum (Te; cyanobacterium), Haloterrigena turkmenica (Ht; archeabacterium).
In particular, basing on most updated literature, the photosynthetic eukaryotes Oryza, Physcomitrella and Cyanidioschyzon would result very uncommon
sources for BVMOs.
The cloning and expression strategy used was the same for all the ve putative sequences. The very low solubility of the expressed proteins was the real bottleneck of the work. To overcome the solubility problem many strategies have been performed lowering the inducer concentration, the growth temperature and using chaperones. Adding on the culture an excess of ribo avin, the precursor of the FAD, results successful to obtain soluble avoproteins from Physcomitrella patens and Cyanidioschyzon merolae, showing the importance of the avin cofactor in the folding process.
A biocatalytic characterisation of both expressed proteins was made at the Molecular Enzymology group of the Groningen Biomolecular Science and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen (The Netheralnds) headed by Prof. Dr. M.W. Fraaije, a main expert in avoenzymes and particularly in Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenses. Once veried their Baeyer-Villiger monooxyge-3 nase activity a condition optimization (pH, temperature and stability) has been performed; then the two proteins were tested to investigate their substrate speci-city. A steady-state study was carried out in order to obtain kinetics parameters and many conversions were made to determine their selectivity prole.
The work presented led to discover new type I BVMOs enlarging the possibility to nd out novel and promising biocatalysts for oxidative reactions.La reazione di Baeyer-Villiger è una reazione di ossidazione di grande interesse sintetico in chimica organica e consiste nella conversione di composti carbonilici nei corrispondenti esteri o lattoni. L'approccio classico per eseguire la reazione di Baeyer-Villiger prevede l'utilizzo di agenti ossidanti quali perossidi o perossiacidi; questi catalizzatori sono tuttavia il più delle volte intrinsecamente insatabili e/o tossici mancando anche di enantioselettività. Ciò ha portato allo sviluppo di differenti sistemi catalitici che hanno implementano il concetto di "green chemistry" quali gli enzimi, utilizzati come biocatalizzatori. Gli enzimi che in natura catalizzano la reazione di Baeyer-Villiger sono flavoenzimi chiamati "Bayer-Villiger monoossigenasi" (BVMOs). Ad oggi solo pochi geni codificanti per le BVMOs sono stati clonati ed espressi e ciò ha rappresentato sicuramente un grosso ostacolo verso l'applicazione industriale di questa classe di enzimi. Attraverso un'analisi bioinformatica è stato possibile identicare cinque sequenze codificanti proteine ritenute BVMOs putative, le quali presentano al loro interno il motivo caratteristico delle BVMOs di tipo I (FxGxxxHxxxW). Gli organismi individuati sono stati i seguenti: Oryza sativa (pianta), Physcomitrella patens (muschio), Cyanidioschyzon merolae (alga rossa), Trichodesmium ery-thraeum (cianobattere), Haloterrigena turkmenica (archeobattere). In particolare gli eucarioti fotosintetici Oryza, Physcomitrella e Cyanidioschyzon risultano fonti di BVMOs alquanto inusuali, considerando che fino ad oggi questi enzimi sono stati identificati solamente in batteri e funghi. La strategia di clonaggio e di espressione utilizzate è stata la stessa per tutte e cinque le sequenze identificate. La bassa solubilità delle proteine espresse si è rivelata il fattore limitante di tutto il lavoro. Le strategie utilizzate per migliorare la solubilità proteica sono state quelle che hanno portano a una diminuzione della velocità della sintesi proteica come ad esempio la diminuzione della temperatura di crescita di coltura e la diminuzione della concentrazione dell'induttore. Un fattore risolutivo è stato l'aggiunta al terreno di coltura di riboflavina, il precursore del FAD, il quale ha permesso di ottenere in forma solubile le proteine putative da Physcomitrella patens e Cyanidioschyzon merolae, dimostrando inoltre l'importanza del cofattore flavinico nel processo di ripiegamento proteico. La caratterizzazione biocatalitica delle proteine espresse è stata eseguita presso il gruppo di Biocatalisi del Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), University of Groningen (The Netheralnds), guidato dal Prof. Dr. M.W. Fraaije, esperto in flavoproteine. Confermata la loro attività come Baeyer-Villiger monoossigenasi è stata eseguita un'ottimizzazione delle condizioni di reazione (in termini di pH, temperatura e stabilità) ed è stata investigata la loro specifità di substrato. In seguito sono stati determinati i parametri cinetici per ciascun enzima e infine sono state eseguite delle bioconversioni con diversi substrati per capire il loro profilo di selettività. Il lavoro riportato ha portato alla scoperta di nuove Baeyer-Villiger monoossigenasi di tipo I, ampliando il panorama di nuovi promettenti biocatalizzatori ossidoriduttivi.
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Guillemin, Hervé. "La rentabilite des entreprises industrielles et les conditions de la production." Reims, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988REIME001.
Full textAbstract:
L'industrie francaise a vu sa rentabilite (percue comme le rapport entre la masse de profit realisee annuellement et l'ensemble des capitaux avances) diminuer sensiblement au cours de la decennie soixante-dix. La cause fondamentale de cette degradation est a rechercher au coeur des proces de production; l'efficacite de ces derniers (productivites du travail, du capital fixe, des consommations intermediaires) s'est deterioree ou a augmente moins vite qu'auparavant. Le freinage des gains de productivite a retroagi en particulier sur la hausse du rapport salaires-profit (ralentissement de la plus-value relative) ainsi que sur la composition organique du capital, mais dans une moindre mesure, alors que la composition valeur est restee quasi stable pendant cette periode. La combinaison de ces phenomenes conduit a s'interroger sur les formes de de la manifestation de la loi de baisse tendancielle du taux de profit telles que les avait envisagees marx. Derriere ce mouvement d'ensemble se cachent des mouvements particuliers au niveau des branches de production. Deux constats originaux peuvent etre faits. Premierement, les branches d'industrie realisant les taux de profit les plus eleves possedent les compositions de capital les plus faibles, et inversement. Ce constat remet en cause l'approche traditionnelle de la perequation des taux de profit entre branches qui veut que la plus-value sociale soit repartie proportionnellement aux avances en capital total (constant et variable). Deuxiemement, sur l'ensemble de la periode, et pour la grande majorite des branches, les gains de productivite ne sont pas synonymes de meilleure rentabilite. Au contraire, nous observons plutot une hierarchisation des branches en termes de rentabilite inverse a la hierarchisation des branches en termes d'efficacite productive. Cela conduit a s'interroger dans certains cas (branches, economie nationale) sur la pertinence du taux de profit comme indicateur de l'efficacite d'un proces de productionThe french industry saw its profitability (perceived as being the ratio between the total amount of profits made yearly and the capital invested as a whole) noticeably decrease during the 70ies. The main cause of this decline is to be found in the heart of the process of production; the efficiency of the latter (productivity of the work, of the equipment, of intermediate consumptions) worsened or increased less quickly than before. The slackening of the rise in productivity retroacted particularly on the rise of the ratio wages-profit (the slowdown of the relative surplus-value) as well as on the organic composition of capital, but to a lesser extent, while the value-composition has remained stable during that time. The combination of these phenomena leads us to wonder about the different forms that the law of the falling tendency of the rate of profit can take as marx had envisaged them. Peculiar movements at the level of production branches are concealed by this general tendency. Two original remarks can be made. First, the industrial sectors which realize the highest rates of profit own the lowest compositions of capital and vice-versa. This observation questions the traditional approach to the equalization of the rates of profit in different sectors which says that the social surplus-value should be distributed proportionally to the total capital investment (constant and variable). Second, during this whole period and for most sectors, the rise in productivity is not synonymous with better profitability. On the contrary, we can notice rather a hierarchical organization of sectors in terms of profitability as opposed to a hierarchical organization of sectors in terms of productive efficiency. Thus we come to wonder in some cases (sectors, national economy) about the relevance of the rate of profit as an indicator of the efficiency of a process of production
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Драгун, О. С. "Прибуток як інтегративний показник ефективності роботи фірми." Thesis, Cумський державний університет, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/49009.
Full textAbstract:
У даній роботі ми розглянули тему прибутку як інтегративного показника роботи фірм. Визначили теоретичні особливості визначення сутності витрат з позиції їх впливу на такі економічні показники, як прибуток та рентабельність фірми, та врахували сучасну економічну ситуацію в Україні.
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Неженець, А. І. "Розвиток стратегічного потенціалу підприємства." Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/76242.
Full textAbstract:
У першому розділі роботи представлені складові стратегічного економічного потенціалу підприємства та розкривається їх суть.
У другій частині роботи проаналізовано та оцінено вплив кожного з складових економічного потенціалу на ефективну роботу підприємства.
У третьому розділі роботи використовується набір фінансових індикаторів для аналізу та оцінки діяльності компанії.
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Kirwin, Roan. "Modification and adaptation of WEDM wire-lag models for use in production environments." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1564759778566713.
Full text
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Pavasovic, Marko. "Digestive profile and capacity of the mud crab (Scylla serrata)." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2004. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15973/1/Marko_Pavasovic_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Commercial farming of mud crab Scylla serrata is a significant industry throughout South East Asia. The limited scientific knowledge of mud crab nutritional requirements and digestive processes, however, is recognised as a
major constraint to the future growth of this industry. To better understand the
mechanisms of digestion in the mud crab we have analysed the diversity of digestive enzymes from the hepatopancreas. Significant protease, amylase,cellulase and xylanase activities were detected in soluble extracts from this
organ.
Temperature profiles for all enzymes were basically similar with optimal activities observed at 500C. Examination of pH tolerance revealed optimal activities for protease and amylase at pH 7.0 while optimal activities for
cellulase and xylanase were observed at pH 5.5. Under optimum conditions,protease and amylase activities were approximately two orders of magnitude greater than those seen for either cellulase or xylanase. Interestingly,
hepatopancreatic extracts were able to liberate glucose from either starch or carboxymethyl (CM)-cellulose suggesting that a range of carbohydrates may be utilised as energy sources. The effects of dietary carbohydrates on feed
digestibility, digestive enzyme levels and growth were also studied by inclusion of additional starch or CM-cellulose at the expense of casein in formulated diets. It was shown that amylase, cellulase and xylanase activities
in extracts from the hepatopancreas were highest in mud crabs fed diets containing 47% carbohydrate. Based on the findings, we suggest that the ability of the mud crab to modulate digestive enzyme activities may represent
a mechanism to maximise access to essential nutrients when the dietary profile changes.
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Pavasovic, Marko. "Digestive profile and capacity of the mud crab (Scylla serrata)." Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15973/.
Full textAbstract:
Commercial farming of mud crab Scylla serrata is a significant industry throughout South East Asia. The limited scientific knowledge of mud crab nutritional requirements and digestive processes, however, is recognised as a major constraint to the future growth of this industry. To better understand the mechanisms of digestion in the mud crab we have analysed the diversity of digestive enzymes from the hepatopancreas. Significant protease, amylase,cellulase and xylanase activities were detected in soluble extracts from this organ. Temperature profiles for all enzymes were basically similar with optimal activities observed at 500C. Examination of pH tolerance revealed optimal activities for protease and amylase at pH 7.0 while optimal activities for cellulase and xylanase were observed at pH 5.5. Under optimum conditions,protease and amylase activities were approximately two orders of magnitude greater than those seen for either cellulase or xylanase. Interestingly, hepatopancreatic extracts were able to liberate glucose from either starch or carboxymethyl (CM)-cellulose suggesting that a range of carbohydrates may be utilised as energy sources. The effects of dietary carbohydrates on feed digestibility, digestive enzyme levels and growth were also studied by inclusion of additional starch or CM-cellulose at the expense of casein in formulated diets. It was shown that amylase, cellulase and xylanase activities in extracts from the hepatopancreas were highest in mud crabs fed diets containing 47% carbohydrate. Based on the findings, we suggest that the ability of the mud crab to modulate digestive enzyme activities may represent a mechanism to maximise access to essential nutrients when the dietary profile changes.
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Battarra, Claudia. "Brewing Production investigated by 1H NMR Metabolomics on samples from Finnish American IPA and Sweet Stout Beers." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
Find full textAbstract:
This study has characterized beer samples taken from two different Finnish beer: Claudia’s Citra Stout (Mustialan Kartano Panimo) and Thunder Chief (Hopping Brewsters Panimo). Both of them have been analyzed from several steps of the brewing process, in order to characterize the final product (4.) and the metabolites change (1. after mashing, 2. after Whirlpool and 3. after secondary fermentation). The aim of this research was to discover how each compound changed during the beer making process, how this could be useful to characterize different styles of beers and if there was any by-product, in the liquids extract discarded, that could be valorized. The beermaking process has been followed from a metabolomics perspective, based on 1H NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) .
In order to get a representative result, 33 NMR spectra have been analyzed, which we obtained by experimenting with different samples preparation methods [(a),(b),(c),(d)], to get the best characterization possible. The majority of the metabolites identified decreased in concentration from the steps before fermentation to post-secondary fermentation. In particular, it has been possible to distinguish 73 metabolites in unfiltered and unpasteurized beer (artigianal), and in commercial beer (Viktor), which has been used as reference. All of them were different in quantitative terms and through their characterization it was possible to identify exactly their presence in others beer samples. Furthermore was possible to obtain an objective opinion on the specific molecules and metabolisms acting on them, in order to optimize a recipe or to modify one that presents problems. Just for this last purpose, it was useful to verify changes that occur during the main steps (1-2-3-4), in order to identify not only the problem, but also in which step this is presented, and consequently how to intervene.
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Криничний, А. В. "Статистичні методи розрахунку рівня рентабельності." Thesis, Cумський державний університет, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/47911.
Full textAbstract:
У часи ринкових відносин виключно велику роль відіграє аналіз прибутковості і рентабельності виробництва. Аналіз рентабельності допомагає отримати максимальне число ключових складових, які дають реальну і найбільш повну картину фінансового становища підприємства, його прибутковість або збитковість, змін в структурі активів і пасивів, у розрахунках з дебіторами і кредиторами. Це пояснює часте використання методів фінансового аналізу при складанні фінансових звітів підприємств для прийняття рішень по оптимізації виробничих потужностей.
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Гук, О. В., and О. В. Головата. "Застосування теорії обмежень на вітчизняних і зарубіжних підприємствах." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/42412.
Full textAbstract:
Сьогодні у світі та в Україні зокрема перед підприємствами постають принципово нові завдання, пов'язані з ефективним управлінням організацією та її ресурсами. В останні роки зарубіжними економістами було розроблено багато концепцій (наприклад, теорія обмежень, ощадливе виробництво, кайдзен, шість сигм та інші), метою яких є покращення ефективності діяльності підприємства. Теорія обмежень (Theory of Constraints, TOC) – методика управління системами (як комерційними, так і некомерційними організаціями), розроблена Еліаху Голдраттом у 1980-х рр. В основі її формування закладено пошук і управління ключовими обмеженнями системи, що заважають успіху і знижують ефективність всієї системи.
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Borovská, Veronika. "Podnikatelský plán výrobního podniku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-222717.
Full textAbstract:
This master’s thesis deals with business plan of production company. Based on the theoretical pieces of knowledges acquired during studies and discovered facts, it contains the proposal of establishment of the company and its conceivable positioning on the market.
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Ponchio, Leandro Augusto. "Produtividade, custo e lucro na produção de leite no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-11042006-170042/.
Full textAbstract:
O contínuo aumento na produção leiteira, associado à diminuição no número de produtores na atividade, acaba por levantar um questionamento no tocante à produtividade. Afinal, quais os fatores socioeconômicos que podem estar afetando esta produtividade? A fim de investigar mais sobre o assunto, o presente trabalho analisou o comportamento das funções de produtividade, de custo e de lucro. Além das variáveis econômicas propriamente ditas como escala de produção, nível e tipo de tecnologia, essas funções incluíram algumas especificidades do produtor como escolaridade, idade, experiência, domicilio etc. Para sintetizar tais especificidades, utilizou-se o método dos componentes principais da análise fatorial. Em seguida, os fatores obtidos foram incorporados nos modelos de lucro, custo e da produtividade. As variáveis econômicas tiveram efeito predominante sobre a produtividade. Observaram-se ganhos moderados de escala, que reduzem os custos e aumentam os lucros. Dessa forma, há uma tendência moderada de longo prazo de expansão de volume produzido em maiores propriedades, ficando os pequenos produtores em desvantagem competitiva. A permanência desses produtores na atividade dependerá da capacitação que venham a receber, o que costuma ser oferecido por cooperativas e laticínios. Esse treinamento deveria ser estendido também aos filhos. Investimentos nesse sentido trariam ganhos na receita e um impacto social positivo por reter o jovem no campo e/ou prepará-lo para que, em melhores condições, busque outras formas de ocupação nas áreas urbanas.The continuous growth of the milk production along with the reduction of the number of producers raises questions concerning productivity. What factors might be affecting productivity? This work aimed to analyze the effects of economic variables on the cost, the profit and the milk productivity functions. In addition some specificities of the farmer such as age, experience etc. - were considered in those functions. The method of principal components of the factorial analysis was used to group the specificity variables in factors that later entered the models of profit, cost and the productivity. As for the economic variables, they are the main variables that affect the productivity. Moderate increasing returns to scale were observed. Therefore there is a tendency in the long run of increasing production in large farms. The permanence of small producers in the activity will depend on the training they will receive, which is usually offered by cooperatives and some milk companies. It is essential that this training also be extended to their children. Investments in this direction would bring gains in income either by enhancing farm productivity or by improving the chances of success in urban activities.
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Guziana, Bozena. "Corporate Greening : Product and Production Perspectives." Doctoral thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Framtidens energi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-18667.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis describes corporate greening in general, and specifically the environmental technology (ET) sector as a green sector. The thesis has also particular focus on production and products related aspects and the influence of the environmental profile of the ET sector on the environmental engagement of companies in the sector. The study is based on a questionnaire-based survey, online surveys and on semi-structured open-ended interviews. The organizations within the ET sector were identified using existing platforms within this sector: Sustainability Sweden and Swentec. The results show that not all companies and industry associations in the ET sector clearly distinguish between product and production related environmental aspects. Furthermore, the product related environmental profile, which constitutes the legitimacy for the sector, can influence companies’ environmental strategy, not only positively but also negatively. The results from the survey on Global Supersector Leaders 2009/2010 in Dow Jones Sustainability Indexes (DJSI) show that all companies are aware of production and product related environmental issues. Based on results from this survey a model of corporate environmental profile consisting of product and production oriented activities as well as initiatives that go beyond the core business operations is proposed. These initiatives can be divided into two groups: environmental education and environmental projects and sponsorship. This thesis proposes products and production related impacts and environmental activities as bases for defining corporate environmental profiles, corporate greening, and for defining ‘green’ and ‘green-green’ business as well as environmental leaders. The distinction between product and production related environmental initiatives as well as the other dimensions of the proposed model in this thesis can support companies in their communication of environmental performance and environmental activities. Furthermore, ‘competitive advantage’, ‘environmental responsibility’ and ‘environmental leadership’ should motivate companies within the ET sector to be ‘vocal’ green-green firms.