Journal articles: 'Production and sale'

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Arie, S. "Uruguay legalises sale and production of marijuana." BMJ 347, dec13 4 (December 13, 2013): f7499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f7499.

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M. Islam, Anisul, Muhammad Mahboob Ali, and Anita Medhekar. "Exploratory results of green production, sale, willing to pay and financing: case of Bangladesh." Environmental Economics 8, no. 3 (August 23, 2017): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.08(3).2017.01.

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Green production, sale, willing to pay and financing are related to green business. Bangladesh, a developing country in South Asia, is the most fertile delta region and identified as one of the front-line countries to suffer from the adverse consequences of climate change. Research question of the study is limited to examining several relationships related to green business production, sale, and willingness to pay. Primary data were utilized to test the hypothesized relationships. Based on the literature review, several conceptual relationships are presented and empirically tested. Findings conclude that production and sale of green products were related to the plan to produce and sell green products in Bangladesh. Consumers who are environmentally sensitive are willing to pay premium prices for green products and purchase these products frequently. Paper recommends that government, civil society organizations and the financial institutions should take a more active role in promoting and encouraging businesses to produce and market green products. Authors suggest that the government should provide incentives to set up community banking in the rural areas including informal sector, micro savings, and investment through green financing, for green production, green transportation and green consumption.

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Stovolos, N., and O. Sidakova. "MANAGEMENT OF THE PRODUCTION AND SALE OF DAIRY PRODUCTS." Agrosvit, no. 22 (November 30, 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32702/2306-6792.2018.22.61.

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Ireland, Norman J., and Geoff Stewart. "On the Sale of Production Rights and Firm Organization." Journal of Comparative Economics 21, no. 3 (December 1995): 289–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcec.1995.0002.

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Chen, Chung-Ho, and Chih-Lun Lu. "Optimum profit model considering production, quality and sale problem." International Journal of Systems Science 42, no. 12 (December 2011): 1917–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207721.2010.543479.

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Hsieh, S., and C. C. Chiang. "Manufacturing-to-Sale Planning Model for Fuel Oil Production." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 18, no. 4 (August 1, 2001): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001700170070.

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Wu, Xiao Fang, Dan Dan Gong, Dong Qing Xie, and Yan Ting Lei. "Developing of Agricultural Product Traceability Information System Based on WebGIS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 2344–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.2344.

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By using WebGIS technology and designing the traceability database of the production, wholesale and sale information of agricultural product, the agricultural product traceability information system based on ArcGIS server is developed and some functions are implemented. Firstly the production place, wholesale place and sale place of the agricultural product is visualized . Then the information of agricultural product is queried and analyzed quickly. At the same time, the shortest path analysis of production place, wholesale place and sale place is implemented. Finally, by using the relationship of production, wholesale and sale of agricultural product, the traceability of agricultural product is researched and implemented.

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Akhmetova, D. T., R. M. Zhunusova, and B. S. Utibaev. "Increasing production efficiency in crop production farms." Problems of AgriMarket, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.46666/2021-1.2708-9991.07.

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A comparative analysis of the efficiency of crop production and its cost is presented. The necessity of using an additive model and methodology for calculating the share influence of individual factors in determining production costs has been justified. The dynamics of indicators of the volume of proceeds depending on the sale of all products of crop production sector, as well as sales volume of wheat and barley according to the data of a specific agricultural enterprise are studied. The average annual growth rates of production and cost of these crops is calculated. The value and specific weight of production costs when growing them for the analyzed period is shown in comparison. It has been determined how, in quantitative terms, material costs and depreciation costs affect the amount of expenses. The relationship between the indicators of efficiency of crop production and cost price is considered. Its direct impact on the level of income in production and sale of products has been determined. The need for constant monitoring and stabilization of material costs is noted, especially for fuel and lubricants and spare parts, depreciation deductions, which are the main factors in increasing the profitability of goods. The necessity of constant monitoring of indicators calculated on the basis of economic factors that accumulate all elements of production process has been justified. In the conclusion of the article, the reserves for increasing the volume of crop production yields are revealed, recommendations on increasing competitive advantages in crop production sector are presented.

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Kwaśniewski, Dariusz, Maciej Kuboń, and Urszula Malaga-Toboła. "Profitability of biomass production in relation to harvesting technology." E3S Web of Conferences 154 (2020): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015401010.

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The aim of the paper was to determine the production costs and profitability of biomass production from Virginia mallow including various harvesting technologies. The paper covered theoretical calculation of the production costs of biomass form Virginia mallow with the use of the computer application “Biocalculator”. Calculations were made for a plantation with the surface area of 5 ha and four technologies of harvesting and the product form (pressed straw, chaff). The paper determines the profitability of production of biomass from Virginia mallow for four variants of sale prices of biomass at the level of 100, 120, 140 and 150 PLN∙t-1. In case of T1 technology all assumed prices of sale of Virginia mallow biomass with the obtained production costs were profitable. On the other hand, in T3 and T4 technology, the scope of sale prices from 120 to 150 PLN∙t-1 caused that the biomass production was profitable. While, the least profitable was application of T2 technology where only at the assessment of biomass sale 150 PLN∙t-1 production was profitable and in the remaining price options the profit was not obtained.

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Tvrdoň, O., and K. Krčová. "The reasons for creation of agricultural sales organizations." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 48, No, 7 (March 1, 2012): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5322-agricecon.

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Due to the transformation of the agricultural subjects realized after 1990, the new ownership relations occurred in the sectors of agriculture and food processing. The entrepreneurs started to build their activities on the base of market economy principles. The farmers started founding of specialized or universal-trading organizations aimed to sale of the agricultural production. The legal forms of the companies were cooperatives or companies incorporated. In practice, the subjects proved the reasonability of their existence not only on the side of agricultural production sale, but also on the side of purchasing inputs necessary for the agricultural production process. One of the best trading organizations is Agropork-družstvo in Brno, which is specialized in purchasing and sale of pigs, cows and recently poultry as well.

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Sawilowsky, Shlomo S. "Trivials: The Birth, Sale, And Final Production Of Meta-Analysis." Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods 2, no. 1 (May 1, 2003): 242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22237/jmasm/1051748700.

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Xie, Huadong, Lijun Bu, Zhengze Zhong, Yifan Zhang, Jun Lin, and Zhixi Li. "Tracking Microorganisms in Production and Sale Operations of Spiced Geese." Food and Nutrition Sciences 04, no. 09 (2013): 950–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/fns.2013.49123.

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Lindberg, Deborah L., Joseph C. Sanders, and Deborah L. Seifert. "Insuring Risks Associated With the Production and Sale of Marijuana." International Journal of Risk and Contingency Management 10, no. 2 (April 2021): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrcm.2021040102.

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The strong growth potential of the cannabis industry offers insurers significant new business expansion opportunities, but the industry is complex and faces many unique risks. Legalized cannabis businesses need and desire insurance to mitigate these risks. However, the availability of insurance lags behind this need for insurance. Marijuana is still illegal at the federal level, causing many insurers to be hesitate to insure a federally illegal activity. These legal uncertainties will continue until Congress settles the conflict between federal and state laws. Further, there is little data available on the cannabis industry, making it difficult to price insurance products. However, rapid expansion of the cannabis industry has produced multiple unique needs and complex risks that need to be insured. This paper examines many of the risks faced by the cannabis industry, and the issues keeping many insurance carriers from entering this growing market.

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Frye, Margaret, and Anna Woźny. "Moralizing the Production and Sale of Student Papers in Uganda." American Sociological Review 86, no. 3 (May 21, 2021): 430–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00031224211011466.

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Sociologists have shown that moral understandings of market exchanges can differ between historical periods and institutional settings, but they have paid less attention to how producers’ moral frameworks vary depending on their unequal positions within both markets and institutions. We use interviews and ethnographic observations to examine the vibrant market of research shops selling academic work to students around two of Uganda’s top universities. We identify three groups of researchers—Knowledge Producers, Entrepreneurs, and Educators—who construct different professional identities and moral justifications of their trade, and who orient their market action accordingly. We demonstrate that these identities and moral frameworks reflect an interplay between the institutional contexts and the social class positions that researchers occupy within this illicit market. Knowledge Producers and Entrepreneurs both experienced a sense of “fit” with their respective institutional cultures, but the former now see their work as compromising ideals of research, whereas the latter capitalize on what they view as a broken system. Educators, disadvantaged at both institutions, articulate a framework countering the dominant institutional cultures and sympathetic to underperforming students. This approach illuminates how institutional contexts and individual class positions within them influence producers’ moral frameworks, leading to differentiation of the market.

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Aripin, Sutisna, and Muhammad Aris Risnandar. "PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN IBU-IBU RUMAH TANGGA DALAM PEMBUATAN SALE PISANG DENGAN TEKNOLOGI PENGERING BIOMASSADI DESA PAKEMITAN,KEC. CIKATOMAS, KAB. TASIKMALAYA." BERNAS: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 1, no. 4 (October 6, 2020): 543–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31949/jb.v1i4.522.

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The average banana production in Pakemitan Village is 9.2 tons/year. The jackfruit and ambon bananas dominate nearly 63.84% of the total banana production in Pakemitan Village. When the number of harvests increases, jackfruit and ambon bananas were not sold in the market. With abundant and cheap bananas, and unhygienic drying of sale bananas using sunlight, it is necessary to encourage housewives to convert bananas into sale bananas and drying them with biomass drying technology. The training implementation method starts from program socialization, theoretical training on making banana sale, preparation of tools and materials, and field practice of making banana sale and drying it with biomass dryer. The housewives who attended the training were 15 people. Housewives are informed about the procedure and practice of making banana sale and the process of drying banana sale. The results of the evaluation showed that over 80% of housewives were categorized as skilled participants in making banana sale and using biomass dryers. The results show that there is an increase in insight and knowledge of making banana sale using a biomass dryer, so participants can make banana sale independently.

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Shi, Yun. "The Planning System Based on the Postponement Manufacturing Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 571-572 (June 2014): 1195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.571-572.1195.

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Based on postponement manufacturing theory and the characteristics of some advanced production management modes, this study proposed the planning strategy from the perspective of mass customization production mode and discussed the role of planning strategy in the plan and control of production. Moreover, according to the determination of the postponement manufacturing points in the planning, production, assembly, sale, and delivery of products, it was recommended to set the characteristics, production, and sale environment of specific products. Different production should be planed and controlled in different ways.

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Kirsanova, D. A., and V. D. Zharikov. "INCREASE OF COMPETITIVENESS OF PRODUCTION DUE TO DECREASE IN COSTS FOR ITS PRODUCTION AND SALE." Social - Economic Phenomena and Processes 11, no. 4 (2016): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1819-8813-2016-11-4-28-33.

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Chinweike Abednego Ugwu, , Modinat Adewunmi Alli, Kehinde Ademola Adesanya, Mutiat Oluwaseyi Agboola-Adedoja, Adejoke Adebusola Adelusi, Qudus Adebayo Ogunwolu, and Ayodeji Oladipo Akinpelu. "Health implications of kolanut production and consumption." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 8, no. 3 (December 30, 2020): 312–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2020.8.3.0485.

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This study examined the health implications of kolanut production and consumption. A desk research was done using past published literatures. The study outlined the effect of ill health on agricultural production. Numerous health benefits of kolanut consumption were identified despite several possible side effects when consumed in large quantity overtime. Benefits of kolanut consumption out-weigh the negative implications. Kolanut consumption should be encouraged as it is useful in treating some illnesses that otherwise will cost fortune when treated with conventional drugs. Also with the reported occurrence of Ochratoxin (A), safe and clean storage and shelf on-sale practices are encouraged. Government should also motivate more research on kolanut utilization in food and drug industries in order to stimulate production as this would also help boost the Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

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Patel, Sunil Das, Rupak Karn, Sagar Bhusal, Sujita Balami, Prabin Adhikari, and Raju Kharel. "Production and Marketing of Carp Species in Rupandehi, Nepal." Malaysian Journal of Halal Research 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mjhr-2020-0001.

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AbstractThe research was conducted from January 2019 to June 2019 to study the fish production and marketing system in fish zone, Rupandehi. Altogether 95 respondents including 27 small farmers, 35 medium farmers and 33 large farmers were selected for household survey using simple random sampling for the study. Statistical tools, Ms- excel and SPSS of version 23 were used for data analysis. From the study, it was evident that, six species of carps of fingerlings size were stocked with high average number of common carps (3885.5/ha.) followed by silver carp (3880.5/ha). The average production of fish species was 6.06ton/ha which is slightly higher than the national average. The observed data revealed that, marketing of major quantity of fish was from on farm sale i.e. 55.78% followed by local market sale (18.94%), live fish sale in retailers (5.26%). Similarly, percentage of farmers selling fish to wholesaler, consumers, retailers and neighbours were 63.3%, 30.5%, 26.5% and 26.3% respectively. Cost and returns analysis showed average B/C ratio of 2.13. Problem ranking using 5 point scale value showed high cost of feed as the most serious problem with index value of 0.94 in the study area.

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Voon, Tania. "United States—Measures Affecting the Production and Sale of Clove Cigarettes." American Journal of International Law 106, no. 4 (October 2012): 824–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/amerjintelaw.106.4.0824.

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Williams, Susan S. ""Promoting an Extensive Sale": The Production and Reception of The Lamplighter." New England Quarterly 69, no. 2 (June 1996): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/366664.

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Razin, A. F., M. A. Kosenko, M. I. Ivanova, A. V. Kornev, and L. M. Sokolova. "Efficient production and sale of root vegetables in the Moscow region." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 650, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 012057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/650/1/012057.

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Nabiev Muzaffar Abdumalikovich. "Special three processes of production and implementation." International Journal on Integrated Education 3, no. 11 (November 26, 2020): 190–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.885.

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This article discusses theoretical considerations about the production and sale process in the automotive industry. On this way, the way makes analyses both theorirical and practical analyses as the whole. In conlcusion, this makes emphesis on outcomes and shortcomings of the processes of production and implementation.

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Xu, Yifan, and Xiuli Chao. "DYNAMIC PRICING AND INVENTORY CONTROL FOR A PRODUCTION SYSTEM WITH AVERAGE PROFIT CRITERION." Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences 23, no. 3 (April 30, 2009): 489–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269964809000308.

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In this article we study the joint optimization of finished goods inventory and pricing in a make-to-stock production system with long-run average profit criterion. The production time is random with controllable rate and the demand is Markovian with rate depending on the sale price. The objective is to dynamically adjust the production rate and the sale price to maximize the long-run average profit. We obtain the optimal dynamic pricing and production control policy and present an efficient bisection algorithm for computing the policy parameters.

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Nugroho, Fitra Margi, Sriroso Satmoko, and Karno Karno. "Peran kelompok tani terhadap usahatani padi di Kecamatan Sale Kabupaten Rembang." Journal of Agro Complex 2, no. 2 (June 10, 2018): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/joac.2.2.109-119.

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Farming development through farmer groups is an effort to accelerate the improvement of farmers' welfare. The purpose of this research was to analyze the role of farmer groups as learning class, cooperation vehicle, and production unit in influencing farmer behavior, access of production facilities, application of Integrated Crop Management (ICM) and farming profit. The research population was members of farmer groups in Kecamatan Sale Kabupaten Rembang who have irrigated land with an area of 0.2-0.5 Ha. Determination of sampling was done by using purposive random sampling method with total sample of 276 farmers. Interviews with questionnaires were used as data collection methods. Data were analyzed using path analysis to know the relationships between variables. Results of research indicated that role of farmer group as study class, cooperation vehicle, and production unit had an effect to farmer behavior. The role of farmer groups as a vehicle for cooperation, production unit and farmer behavior had an effect on access production facilities. Behavior of farmers and access to production facilities affected the application of ICM. The application of ICM had an effect on the profit of farming. R/C Ratio of paddy farming in Sale District, Rembang Regency was equal to 1,23. Keywords : farmer group; farmer behavior; application of ICM

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Dinu, Vasile, Cristina Lazar, and Ion-Stelian Chihai. "Features on Sale in Dual-Use Items." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 23, no. 2 (June 25, 2017): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2017-0085.

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Abstract This study addresses a very special issue, i.e. the import-export of those products, goods and technology that normally have civilian uses, but which, because of their nature, may also have military applications. In our opinion, the subject is particularly interesting since these products are related to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction. Therefore, we aimed at highlighting the most important aspects of the marketing standards and practices for the control on dual-use items, with reference to the national and international legal systems in the field. We used the latest bibliography, focusing on documentary sources for certain credibility.

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Yuriy, Sherstennikov, and Yakovenko Aleksandr. "Modeling Co-optimization of an Enterprise’s Production Capacity, Retail Sale and Advertising." International Journal of Economics, Finance and Management Sciences 7, no. 4 (2019): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijefm.20190704.14.

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Radosavljevic, Katica. "The competitiveness of agricultural products: Case study of plum production and sale." Ekonomika preduzeca 63, no. 7-8 (2015): 449–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekopre1508449r.

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Tang, Mark G. "A stochastic machine maintenance and sale problem: Results with different production functions." Naval Research Logistics 40, no. 5 (August 1993): 677–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-6750(199308)40:5<677::aid-nav3220400510>3.0.co;2-3.

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Dumont, Guillaume. "Creativity at work: the production of work for sale by brand ambassadors." Journal of Cultural Economy 11, no. 1 (December 18, 2017): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17530350.2017.1403947.

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Sopilniak, I. S. "Peculiarities of forming strategies for organic production sale by domestic agricultural enterprises." Scientific Bulletin of Mukachevo State University. Series “Economics”, no. 1(9) (2018): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31339/2313-8114-2018-1(9)-63-68.

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Saidin, Nurulaina, Fadilah Abd Rahman, and Noriham Abdullah. "A critical analysis of the legal framework on animal feed in Malaysia: with special reference to the Feed Act 2009." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.10 (April 2, 2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.10.10947.

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In the halal food supply chain, animal feed is an essential element which has direct implication for the safety, quality and halal integrity of animal-based food products. Comprehensive monitoring and control in the preparation, production, storage, and distribution of the animal feed are needed to ensure acceptable quality standard. Matters related to the importation, manufacture, sale and uses of feed and feed additive in Malaysia is regulated under the Feed Act 2009 and its regulations. This Act is introduced to ensure the quality and safety of feed by controlling the importation, manufacture, sale, and uses of feed and feed additive. In the context of animal feed in Malaysia, this paper seeks to highlight and examine its legal framework, focusing on the analysis of the Feed Act 2009. This study utilises qualitative approach using library research. The findings of the study demonstrate that, despite the existence of a specific law governing the animal feed activities, there is no provision addresses the issue of halal in the ingredients, preparation, production, storage, and distribution of animal feed. It is therefore suggested that a halal standard for animal feed preparation, production, storage, and distribution is further be developed to enhance the production of halal and safe animal feed in Malaysia.

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Plumb, James. "Trends in eastern Australia gas sale agreements." APPEA Journal 55, no. 1 (2015): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj14017.

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The development of an LNG export market in Queensland in recent years has seen the eastern Australia gas market transform from an isolated, relatively stable and low-priced market to an international market with higher, more variable prices. These structural shifts are changing the landscape for negotiators of domestic gas sale or supply agreements (GSAs) in eastern Australia. With much production now underpinned by export projects, sellers are increasingly unwilling to commit to long-term domestic supply arrangements, and are more willing to adopt a take-it-or-leave-it approach when considering other terms of trade. Pricing mechanisms are also moving into line with the new exposure to global forces. This paper examines how some of the key standard terms in GSAs are being addressed in the market particularly in respect of pricing mechanisms.

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Kim. "Production Planning to Reduce Production Cost and Formaldehyde Emission in Furniture Production Process Using Medium-density Fiberboard." Processes 7, no. 8 (August 9, 2019): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7080529.

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This research seeks to improve the production process in the Korean furniture industry by reducing the amount of medium-density fibreboard, that is commonly used to produce furniture, in order to reduce production costs and formaldehyde emissions. This research selects a representative company from the Korean furniture industry to examine its optimal amount of medium-density fibreboard used, using the variables of a previous company; the sale levels, the Korea National Productivity Award Index, and technical efficiencies obtained from a previous study. By using its 2016 production level, we compare it with the amount of medium-density fibreboards actually used in 2016, and apply the results to the entire Korean furniture industry. In conclusion, the Korean furniture industry can minimize the amount of medium-density fibreboards used without reducing current production levels, and thereby save production costs, and contribute to substantially reducing formaldehyde emissions.

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Kacmary, Peter, Andrea Rosova, Marian Sofranko, Peter Bindzar, Janka Saderova, and Jan Kovac. "Creation of Annual Order Forecast for the Production of Beverage Cans—The Case Study." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 30, 2021): 8524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158524.

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This article is focused on the creation of a system for forecasting of future orders for a specific beverage cans manufacturer. The problem comes from the irregular ordering of cans from different customers; not only national companies, but also from companies abroad. This causes fluctuations in production and consequently an irregular transport regime. That is why the beverage can producer demanded a forecasting system that would help to create an annual production plan. The aim is to analyze the ordering process for the last two years and on that basis to create a forecast system of the possible ordering process for the following year. This is necessary for the introduction of regularity of production, because the frequent transitions of the line to another assortment range or other surface printing requires long downtimes due to the technological setting, thus creating large losses due to inactivity of the production line. As drinking habits of final customers reflect the sale of cans, it was expected that sale data would have a seasonable character; this was proved after a brief analysis of the former data. After that, the appropriate forecasting methods were chosen. The methodology was created to combine multiple forecast results into one to increase the forecast objectivity. Forecasting is performed at three different levels: forecasting of assortment, forecasting of region sale and total forecasting of all orders. In spite of the change in market behavior in 2020, due to the pandemic situation in the first wave of the COVID-19 crisis, the sale of beverage cans is expected to stabilize and return to pre-crisis level as early as 2021. Then the forecasting system will fully meet the company’s requirements.

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Kurniawansyah, Deddy. "Model Penentuan Harga Jual dengan Metode Time Driven Activity Based Costing Pada UMKM ”Sale Pisang” di Kabupaten Banyuwangi." Berkala Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia 6, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/baki.v6i1.25312.

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The purpose of this study to examine (1) how the stages of the production process for “Sale Pisang Product’ that affects the determination of the selling price of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises in Banyuwangi? (2) How is the selling price computing model "Banana Sale Products" able to determine a competitive selling price for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Banyuwangi?. This Study used survey, qualitative exploratory and action. The analysis data used triangulation method. The results obtained in this studi is the process of computing the production cost of “Sale Pisang Product” still uses a traditional method, so that the resulting product cost is distorted and the selling price becomes uncompetitive. In fact, the product cost compute model using Time Driven Activity Based Costing provides more accurate and informative information for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises actors in making decisions such as determining the selling price. The Time Driven Activity Based Costing method is able to reduce costs and increase the net income of each “sale pisang” variant. The contribution of this study is expected to create competitive selling price of “Sale Pisang Product” and improve the economic competitiveness of Kab. Banyuwangi is more dynamic based on the potential of natural resources and local wisdom.

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Puengpapat, Peerasak. "The Comparison between Cost and Benefit Business Model of Organic and Chemical Agricultural Vegetable Farming System." 11th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 11, no. 1 (December 9, 2020): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2020.11(133).

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This research is intended to compare and demonstrate the difference between the cost and benefit of organic farming and chemistry. Compare differences in the quality of yields and minerals in the soil both before and after cultivation and modeling of agribusiness. Using Business Model Canvas for the decision of agricultural entrepreneurs who want to modify the farming process.The research found that in the experiment comparing between the costs of Organic farming and Chemical farming to produce three types of vegetables that are cucumber ,red oak salad and radish, with the total cost of growing vegetables in Organic farming, higher than the total cost of growing vegetables in Chemical farming. There is a greater frequency of fertilizing and injecting Organic matter than chemical farming. The net profit from the sale of vegetables in the Organic agricultural sector is higher than the net profit from the sale of vegetables in the Chemical agricultural sector, as the production price of Organic agricultural sector is higher than the production price of Chemical agricultural sector because the production process of organic farming has a higher production process and requires higher production attention to produce quality, and another factor is that Organic vegetables have a higher production cost than vegetables from chemical farming, resulting in less volume of organic production in the market than vegetables from Chemical agricultural sector. Consumers are demanding more healthy Organic vegetables. As a result, the price of vegetables that produced by Organic agricultural sector is higher than the price of vegetables that produced by Chemical agricultural sector, and the Return on Investment in Organic vegetables is higher than the vegetables that produced by Chemical agricultural .The Return on Investment in production of Organic farming is 61.48% and The Return on Investment in production of Chemical farming is 33.87%. It is therefore possible to conclude that growing vegetables in Organic way is safe for vegetable farmers who do not have to be exposed to any harmful Chemicals, as well as the resulting produce that is safe from residues, allowing consumers to be safe from toxin residues and receive good quality vegetables. Type of Paper: Empirical/Experimental Keywords: Agricultural; Organics; Cost ;Business Model ;Comparison.

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Adamu, Z., M. B. Ardo, and Y. H. Aliyara. "Dairy production practices at pastoral settlements of Adamawa and Taraba states, Northeastern Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 47, no. 3 (December 17, 2020): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v47i3.164.

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A survey was undertaken to investigate the dairy production practices in pastoral communities in Adamawa and Taraba states using a well-structured questionnaire. A total of 600 pastoralists in 20 local government areas (LGAs) were used in this study. Data from the questionnaires were presented in simple percentages. The survey showed that dairy pastoralists was dominated by married middle aged men (82.0%), low in literacy level (78.0%), herding local breeds of cattle (97.0%) that used rivers (91.7%) around their settlements as source of water. Most of them sale raw milk once a day (98.2%), with highest quantity during rainy season (98.3%) which was mostly used in their families as food and sale remainder (81.5%), but were willing to sale to milk collectors (62.5%). The unavailability of extension agents to assist them improves their dairy practices (89.2%) and non-membership of cooperative societies by pastoralists (82.7%) were constraints to dairy production in pastoral settlements. However, majority of pastoralists are willing to join milk cooperative society (96.6%) indicates the future development and commercialization of pastoralist milk industry is bright. Extension agents are required to enlighten on the good feeding regimens, marketing and cross breeding techniques. The result from this study indicated the need for government to exploit the potentials of improving the business and entrepreneurship skills of pastoralists through encouraging private entrepreneurs in dairy production.

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Livinskyi, A. I. "The Governmental Regulation, Certification of Production and Sale of Organic Products in Ukraine." Business Inform 6, no. 509 (2020): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2020-6-167-173.

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FAROOQ, SUMAIRA, JYOTI KACHROO, and NAVEED HAMID. "Critical analysis on sale and production : A case of milk and milk products." INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS 8, no. 2 (September 15, 2017): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/irjaes/8.2/387-392.

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Darwish, Mohammed A., and Fawaz Abdulmalek. "Generalized lot sentencing rule for estimating the value of production lot for sale." Journal of the Operational Research Society 67, no. 7 (July 2016): 982–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jors.2015.112.

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Santoso, U., and Y. Fenita. "THE EFFECT OF Sauropus androgynus LEAF EXTRACT ON PERFORMANCE, EGG QUALITY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF EGGS." Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture 41, no. 3 (August 30, 2016): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.41.3.125-134.

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The purpose of this research was to produce the enriched eggs, but low in cholesterol content. Forty eight layer chickens aged 72 weeks (strain Dekalb Warren) were distributed into six treatment groups. One group of laying hens was fed diets without Sauropus androgynusleaf extract (SALE) as the control, and another five groups were fed diet supplemented to 9 g SALE, 18 g SALE, 27 g SALE, 36 g SALE, and 45 g SALE/kg diet, respectively. Completely randomized design was used in the present study.The experimental results showed that SALE supplementation had no effect on egg production, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, egg weight, yolk weight, albumen weight, shell egg, egg index, eggshell thickness, and yolk index (P>0.05), but significantly affected Haugh Unit, albumen index, yolk color, egg odor, egg taste, and yolk color (P<0.05). The protein, fat, calsium, phosphor, kaliumand iron contents of eggs did not change (P>0.05), but the cholesterol content of egg was significantly reduced (P<0.05). In conclusion, the supplementation of SALE did not enhance performance, but it improve egg quality and its chemical composition.

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Voznyak, Orest, Khrystyna Myroniuk, Iryna Sukholova, Oleksandr Dovbush, and Mariana Kasynets. "Increase of ventilation systems procurement and installation works efficiency." Theory and Building Practice 2020, no. 2 (November 20, 2020): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2020.02.077.

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The article presents the results of theoretical research on obtaining of the maximum profit by the installation and procurement company in the manufacture and sale of pipe billets for the installation of ventilation systems in the production premise. Graphical and analytical dependences are given. The results of research substantiate the receipt of the maximum profit in the manufacture and sale of the ventilation pipe billets of the different diameters by the installation and procurement enterprise. The purpose of the work is to increase the efficiency of ventilation system installationin production facilities, to determine the maximum profit for the installation and procurement company in the manufacture and sale of pipe billets of the different diameters of ventilation system in the presence of several restrictions on materials and manpower, identify ways to improve installation of ventilation system in production facilities of small volume and justification of the calculation method. Quantitative characteristics of the objective function under given initial conditions are established. The calculated dependences for determining the parameters of the objective function are obtained. The obtained results allow to determine the optimal parameters of the values at the given restrictions on materials and labor intensity of production. The maximum profit in the manufacture and sale of ventilation pipe billets of different diameters by the procurement and installation company is determined. Using of the graphical method and the simplex method to determine the required parameters can significantly increase the efficiency criteria for procurement and installation work and thus reduce the amount of labor and material consumption for the manufacture and installation of ventilation systems.

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Rojowski, Ryszard. "System Open Payment by R&G for MKS Mielec." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 12 (December 31, 2018): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.346.

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Open Payment System allows safe charging, management and monitoring of the payment through different channels. The system produced by R&G for MKS Mielec allows to introduce a modern additional channel of public transport ticket sale in Mielec. It has been created by R&G in cooperation with Ingenico, Bee-Tech and eService. System Open Payent solution allows wireless card payment for the ticket in R&G production ticket validator.

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Marčan, Peter, Ján Rofár, and Branislav Mičieta. "Implementation of Robots Cooperating with Humans in Production Systems." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 18 (October 2015): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.18.12.

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This paper describes a new approach to robotics. The new trend in the field of robotics is human-robot cooperation. Manufacturers of robots as well as manufacturing plants are aware of that fact, hence it is expected to increase the robotics co-workers sale in the coming years. The article deals with the safety of humans and cooperating robots and consequently with application development using ROS (Robot Operating System).

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McGrath, Shawn R., Cesar S. Pinares-Patiño, Scott E. McDonald, Richard J. Simpson, and Andrew D. Moore. "Utilising dual-purpose crops in an Australian high-rainfall livestock production system to increase meat and wool production. 2. Production from breeding-ewe flocks." Animal Production Science 61, no. 11 (2021): 1074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an20433.

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Context The use of dual-purpose crops (for grazing and grain) has increased in the high-rainfall zone in southern Australia. Aim A systems experiment examined the impact on livestock production and supplementary feeding when dual-purpose crops were incorporated into a production system based on Merino ewes producing yearling lambs for sale. Methods The experimental site near Canberra, ACT, was subdivided into nine experimental units (‘farmlets’) with three replicate farmlets for each of three production-system treatments. Each farmlet was managed as a self-contained unit with six Merino ewes and their progeny during 2013–16 (4 years). Ewes were joined in February, lambed in July and shorn in spring; the original cohort of ewes (born 2009) was replaced by a new cohort (born 2012) at the midpoint of the experiment. Six weaners were retained after weaning in each farmlet and sold as yearlings. Control farmlets were sown to pasture based on phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) and subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) and comprised sub-paddocks to allow rotational grazing. Farmlets in treatments that included dual-purpose crops comprised six sub-paddocks (0.231 ha), with two sown to permanent pasture, and four supporting a rotation of pasture–pasture–dual-purpose canola (Brassica napus L.)–dual-purpose wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In one of the crop–pasture production system treatments, crop-grazing was prioritised for ewes (ECG treatment); in the other, crop-grazing was prioritised for their progeny weaners (WCG treatment). Key results Greasy fleece weight from ECG (5.3 kg) and WCG (5.1 kg) ewes was higher (P < 0.001) than from control ewes (4.7 kg) averaged over the 4 years. The final sale weight of yearling weaners from the WCG system (44.3 kg) was higher (P < 0.001) than from the control (39.2 kg) or ECG (39.1 kg) systems when averaged over the 4 years. The benefit was predominantly due to greater weight gain during the period when weaners grazed the crop during late autumn and winter. Sale weight of lamb per hectare was higher (P = 0.003) in the WCG treatment (216 kg) compared with the ECG treatment (186 kg) when averaged over the 4 years of the experiment but did not differ (P > 0.05) to the control (201 kg). Meat production over the 4 years was higher (P < 0.001) in the WCG system (226 kg/ha) than other treatments when weight gain from wethers in 2014 was included. The impact of including dual-purpose crops on supplementary feeding was variable and depended on seasonal conditions. Conclusions Incorporation of dual-purpose crops into the high-rainfall production system can increase meat and wool production, with the highest meat production being obtained when crop grazing was prioritised for young carry-over livestock. Implications Prioritising dual-purpose crops for young growing livestock can increase meat production from the system while allowing other livestock classes (wethers or ewes) to graze the crops in better seasons when there was excess forage that would otherwise have been under-utilised.

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Kirillov, V., O. Gavryushin, Yu Savinov, and E. Taranovskaya. "Digital transformation of international transactions of purchase and sale." Mezhdunarodnaja jekonomika (The World Economics), no. 2 (February 1, 2020): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-04-2002-03.

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Development of scientifi c and technical progress and in particular the creation and development of technologies for processing and transmission via communication channels of the digital information, the development of fi ber-optic communication networks and mass production of automatic data processing have been the basis for the development of the transformation of transactions of sale as at the enterprise level (in the B2B segment), and retail (B2C segment). The authors show the development of digital technologies and, based on them, the expansion of commercial activity through e-Commerce channels.

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Lee, Shinje, Hyun Seung Kim, Junhyung Park, Boo Min Kang, Churl-Hee Cho, Hankwon Lim, and Wangyun Won. "Scenario-Based Techno-Economic Analysis of Steam Methane Reforming Process for Hydrogen Production." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13 (June 28, 2021): 6021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11136021.

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Steam methane reforming (SMR) process is regarded as a viable option to satisfy the growing demand for hydrogen, mainly because of its capability for the mass production of hydrogen and the maturity of the technology. In this study, an economically optimal process configuration of SMR is proposed by investigating six scenarios with different design and operating conditions, including CO2 emission permits and CO2 capture and sale. Of the six scenarios, the process configuration involving CO2 capture and sale is the most economical, with an H2 production cost of $1.80/kg-H2. A wide range of economic analyses is performed to identify the tradeoffs and cost drivers of the SMR process in the economically optimal scenario. Depending on the CO2 selling price and the CO2 capture cost, the economic feasibility of the SMR-based H2 production process can be further improved.

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CRETU, Georgeta, and Camelia SPASICI. "THE SUPPLY CONTRACT: A SIMPLE SALE OF GOOD?" Jurnalul de Studii Juridice 15, no. 3-4 (December 20, 2020): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/jls/15.3-4/74.

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This paper aims to address two objectives: in general, to briefly outline the particularities of the supply contract and, in particular, to distinguish its position among the special civil law contracts. The supply contract is a new production of the Civil Code (art. 1166-1771). In this respect it is important to differentiate the supply contract from the other two civil law contract, namely the sale contract and the subcontracting agreement. By defining the contract we aim at establishing its legal nature, particularly that of an independent (distinct) agreement. This paper is structured as follows: “Introduction”; “The Supply Contract. Definition, Object and Legal Characteristics”; “The Parties’ Obligations According to the Supply Contract”; “Modifications of the Legal Supply Relationships. Subcontracting.”; “Supplying: an Independent (distinct) Contract or a Different Form of Sale?” This legal undertaking ends with a lege ferenda and conclusions.

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Csikósová, Adriana, and Mária Antošová. "Supply Chain Management in Condition of Production Company." Applied Mechanics and Materials 718 (December 2014): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.718.168.

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Contribution presents application of logistic access, solved through Supply Chain Management (SCM) with orientation mainly to the capacity planning of production with aim to increase flexibility and productivity of production process. Such changes are necessary to be realized by change of company strategy, as well as by project’s preparation and change of investment’s aims for realization of transition to new system of production management. Discussion is orientated to concrete conditions of polygraph company in Slovakia, orientated to production, refinement and sale of flexible foils for packages.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Production and sale'

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