Relevant bibliographies by topics / Product Return

Academic literature on the topic 'Product Return'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 14 March 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Contents

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Product Return.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Product Return"

1

Ene, Seval, and Nursel Öztürk. "Managing return flow of end-of-life products for product recovery operations." Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management: Current Issues 7, no. 1 (April 12, 2017): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjbem.v7i1.1393.

Full text
Abstract:
Increased consciousness on environment and sustainability, leads companies to apply environmentally friendly strategies such as product recovery and product return management. These strategies are generally applied in reverse logistics concept. Implementing reverse logistics successfully becomes complicated for companies due to uncertain parameters of the system like quantity, quality and timing of returns. A forecasting methodology is required to overcome these uncertainties and manage product returns. Accurate forecasting of product return flows provides insights to managers of reverse logistics. This paper proposes a forecasting model based on grey modelling for managing end-of-life products’ return flow. Grey models are capable for handling data sets characterized by uncertainty and small sized. The proposed model is applied to data set of a specific end-of-life product. Attained results show that the proposed forecasting model can be successfully used as a forecasting tool for product returns and a supportive guidance can be provided for future planning. Keywords: End-of-life products, grey modelling, product return flow, product recovery;
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Gustafsson, Emmelie, Patrik Jonsson, and Jan Holmström. "Reducing retail supply chain costs of product returns using digital product fitting." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management 51, no. 8 (July 13, 2021): 877–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpdlm-10-2020-0334.

Full text
Abstract:
PurposeThis paper investigate how fit uncertainty impacts product return costs in online retailing and how digital product fitting, a pre-sales fitting practice, can reduce fit uncertainty.Design/methodology/approachThe paper analyzes the current performance of a retailer's e-commerce and return operations by estimating costs generated by product returns, including product handling costs, tied-up capital, inventory holding costs, transportation costs, and order-picking costs. The estimated costs were built on 2,229 return transactions from a Scandinavian fashion footwear retailer. A digital product fitting technology was tested with the retailer’s products and resulted in estimations on how such technology could affect product returns.FindingsThe cost of a return is approximately 17% of the prime cost. The major cost elements are product handling costs and transportation costs, which together amount to 72% of the total costs. If well calibrated, the fitting technology can cut fit-related return costs by up to 80%. The findings show how customers reacted to the fitting technology: it was unable to verify fit every time, but it serves as a useful and effective support tool for customers when placing orders.Research limitations/implicationsVirtual fit verification using digital product fitting is key to retailers to reduce fit-related returns. Digital product fitting using three-dimensional scanning is more appropriate for some products, but it is unsuitable for products that are difficult to measure and scan.Originality/valueThe paper contributes an empirical estimate of retail supply chain costs associated with fit uncertainty, as well as theoretical understanding of the role of pre-sales fit verification in avoiding product returns.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Yang, Guang Yong. "Excavating Value of Life Cycle Based Product Returns." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 2681–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.2681.

Full text
Abstract:
Ecologic environment is increasingly polluted, amount of green consumers are expanding, and more countries and governments have enacted and implemented environmental protection regulations to curb firms environmental negative impact. Based on product life cycle return perspective, we divide returns into three types: beginning of life return, end of use return and end of life return. Then, we analyze return value evaluation through law of conservation and conversion of energy. Our conclusions show for between beginning of life and end of use product return, educating consumers environmental conscious and responsive collection and resell returned products measures are the core ingredients. For after end of life product return, the best strategy is that firm collects and disposes in cost efficient measures replacing consumers direct disposal.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Lin, Danping, Carman Ka Man Lee, M. K. Siu, Henry Lau, and King Lun Choy. "Analysis of customers' return behaviour after online shopping in China using SEM." Industrial Management & Data Systems 120, no. 5 (March 17, 2020): 883–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-05-2019-0296.

Full text
Abstract:
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the potential impacts of various variables on product return activities after online shopping. Previous studies on customer behaviour have been predominantly concerned with return on used products and other product-quality-related constructs in the model. This study aims to specially examine the logistics service-related and customer intention–related variables for general products under the e-commerce circumstance.Design/methodology/approachStructured questionnaire data for this study were collected in the two southeast cities of China (162 useable responses). Structural equation modelling was used to examine the latent variables.FindingsThe results confirmed that product return intention has the greatest impact on online shopping returns with a direct effect of 0.63, followed by the flexibility in return (logistics service) with a direct effect of 0.49.Originality/valueSuch a model not only enriches the theoretical understanding of customer behaviour studies but also offers online shopping stores and platforms a quantitative benchmark and new perspective on the design of online shopping supply chains by considering product returns so as to improve the customer satisfaction.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Shehu, Edlira, Dominik Papies, and Scott A. Neslin. "Free Shipping Promotions and Product Returns." Journal of Marketing Research 57, no. 4 (May 8, 2020): 640–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022243720921812.

Full text
Abstract:
Free shipping promotions have become popular among online retailers. However, little is known about their influence on consumers’ purchases, return behavior, and, ultimately, firm profit. The authors propose that free shipping promotions encourage customers to make riskier purchases, leading to more product returns. They estimate the impact of these promotions on purchase incidence, high-risk and low-risk spend, and return share. The results show that free shipping promotions increase expenditure for high-risk products, expanding their share of the consumer’s market basket and thus increasing the overall return rate. This is validated in a field experiment. A field test and an online lab experiment analyze the mechanism linking free shipping and returns. The results suggest that the free shipping effect occurs through consumers’ perceptions that free shipping serves as a risk premium compensating them for potential returns and through positive affect generated by the promotion. A simulation shows that for the focal firm, free shipping promotions increase net sales volume, but higher product returns and lost shipping revenue render these promotions unprofitable.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Maulida Boru Butar Butar and Stephanus Liwun. "PENGUKURAN KINERJA RANTAI PASOK BALIK: STUDI KASUS PERUSAHAAN DAUR ULANG ALAT KOMUNIKASI X." Jurnal Teknik dan Science 1, no. 3 (October 30, 2022): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.56127/jts.v1i3.442.

Full text
Abstract:
The supply chain performance, as measured by observing the product return process that occurs at company X, will be presented in this paper. Product return is one of the things that encourages the use of a reverse supply chain in a company. The company must handle returned products from end users so that the returned products received can be profitable. The existing general model is used to examine the possibility of re-manufacturing processes in company X's existing reverse supply chain. The process model of the re-product is investigated and observed. Case studies on small and medium enterprises engaged in recycling electronic products already have a back supply chain process. A general model of the return supply chain at company X will be created, and a mathematical model based on the general model will be proposed to evaluate the performance of the return supply chain. The costs for product returns, when low and high, will be compared as a reference for the company. With the existence of a supply chain model of the processes that return products go through, companies can begin to measure the performance of the supply chain processes and evaluate this process as a way to gain benefits for the company.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Petersen, J. Andrew, and V. Kumar. "Are Product Returns a Necessary Evil? Antecedents and Consequences." Journal of Marketing 73, no. 3 (May 2009): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.73.3.035.

Full text
Abstract:
The firm–customer exchange process consists of three key parts: (1) firm-initiated marketing communications, (2) customer buying behavior, and (3) customer product return behavior. To date, the literature in marketing has largely focused on how marketing communications affect customer buying behavior and, to some extent, how past buying behavior affects a firm's decisions to initiate future marketing communications. However, the literature on product returns is sparse, especially in relation to analyzing individual customer product return behavior. Although the magnitude of the value of product returns is known to be high ($100 billion per year), how it affects customer buying behavior is not known because of a lack of data availability and understanding of the role of product returns in the firm–customer exchange process. Given that product returns are considered a hassle for a firm's supply chain management and a drain on overall profitability, it is important to study product return behavior. Thus, the authors empirically demonstrate the role of product returns in the exchange process by determining the exchange process factors that help explain product return behavior and the consequences of product returns on future customer and firm behavior. In addition, the authors demonstrate that product returns are inevitable but by no means evil.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Powers, Thomas L., and Eric P. Jack. "Understanding the causes of retail product returns." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 43, no. 12 (December 14, 2015): 1182–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-02-2014-0023.

Full text
Abstract:
Purpose – The distribution literature provides support for examining product returns from a customer-based perspective. Based on this need, the purpose of this paper is to identify the underlying causes of product returns based on a survey of 308 Wal-Mart and Target customers who engaged in product returns. Design/methodology/approach – Structural equation modelling was used to verify and test the relationships examined. Findings – It was found that dissatisfaction with a product results in an emotional dissonance that is positively related to product returns. Two primary reasons for return were examined, the expectation of the customer not being met and the customer finding a better product or price. Both reasons for return were found to influence the frequency of returns. It is also reported that gender, but not store brand moderated these relationships. Males had higher levels of product dissatisfaction and subsequent emotional dissonance than females. Males however did not have higher rates of return than females. Originality/value – The research provides new knowledge in the management of retail returns by identifying their underlying causes as well as specific reasons for returns. This knowledge can assist managers in identifying the behavioural influences on product returns and in developing methods to minimize those returns.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Wu, Dan, and Xinxin Lu. "Optimal Return Policy of Competitive Retailers’ Pre-Sale Products Based on Strategic Consumer Behavior." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 10, 2023): 1341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021341.

Full text
Abstract:
Because of incomplete information on pre-sold products, consumers face uncertainty about the value of what they have purchased, which leads to a mismatch between supply and demand and a large number of returns. By developing appropriate return policies and effectively managing and handling consumer returns, retailers can not only reduce waste but also ensure better resource utilization, which is essential for sustainable development. In this paper, we analyze the full-refund and full-and-freight-refund policies of retailers and develop a game model based on binary competition for selecting the optimal return policy for the pre-sold products of two retailers. The study shows that when both retailers have low capacity, there is no pre-sale stage. However, when their combined capacity is high and exceeds the demand of non-strategic consumers, equilibrium depends on their combined capacity and the proportion of strategic consumers who choose to keep the pre-purchased product under both return policies. When the number of strategic consumers who retain pre-order products is low under the full-refund policy and both retailers have moderate capacity, equilibrium is achieved when an asymmetric return policy is followed rather than a symmetric return policy. Specifically, when the percentage of strategic consumers who keep their reserved products under the product return strategy is small and the capacity of the two retailers is moderate, the maximum benefit is achieved if one of the retailers adopts the policy of a full refund and the other adopts the policy of a full-and-freight refund. Otherwise, when one retailer adopts the policy of a full refund or a full-and-freight refund, its competitor should adopt the same strategy to gain maximum revenue. The research on retailers’ pre-sale and return strategies in this paper helps to optimize the operational strategies and operational processes of e-retailers, further improve the management and decision making of their joint pre-sale and return strategies, and help optimize retailers’ profits.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Tan, Yean Chu, and Chin Chuan Gan. "The Role of Post-Purchase Emotional Dissonance on Product Return Intentions." GATR Global Journal of Business Social Sciences Review 2, no. 1 (January 14, 2014): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2014.2.1(10).

Full text
Abstract:
Objective Retailers often impose strict returning policies to control product returns without understanding the consumers' returned intention in the first place. Past research has shown that product return policies have little effect on product returns. As such, the aim of this research is to identify the underlying factors of emotional dissonance, which focus on high product involvement, consumer opportunism and switching barriers, and as well as its effect on product return intentions. Methodology/Technique - A total of 250 respondents who is smartphone users and aged between 17 and 35 were invited to participate in the self-administered online questionnaire with a total of 24 items included to measure the construct. Findings A The finding reveals that high product involvement has no significant effect on emotional dissonance and product return intentions. Whereas, switching barriers has significant effect on emotional dissonance, but no significant effect on product return intentions. Consumer opportunisms havea significant effect on emotional dissonance, thus forming product return intentions. Novelty This study is important in assisting the retailers in managing their customer relationships better, whereby consumers deem the connection with the purchased product as part of the buying experience with the retailers. Type of Paper: Empirical paper Keywords: Customer Opportunism; Emotional Dissonance; Post-Purchase; Product Involvement; Return Intensions; Switching Barriers.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Product Return"

1

Pei, Zhi. "Internal and External Drivers of Consumers’ Product Return Behaviors." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc804862/.

Full text
Abstract:
Product return is a necessary part of the exchange process between companies and customers. It accounts for approximately 16% of total sales and a reduction in retailer / manufacturer profits by 3.8% on average. However, industry data also indicates that a significant portion of products are returned for reasons other than product failure – e.g., change of mind, found a lower price elsewhere, or fraudulent and unethical reasons. Consequently, many firms (e.g., REI) have altered their generous return policies to protect their profits. However, it’s been found that the restricted return policy could also reduce customer satisfaction, increase the perceived risk, and thus negatively affect customers’ loyalty towards a particular store or firm. Thus having a restrictive return policy does not help either. Extant literature mainly focuses on return policies. Little attention has been devoted to the product return behavior itself, thus missing the consumer’s perspective. This study, therefore, focuses on understanding consumers’ return behaviors, including different types of return behaviors, and the drivers and consequences of these different return behaviors. Towards this goal, this study first categorizes all possible types of consumers’ return behaviors into two broad categories - legitimate return behaviors and opportunistic return behaviors. Second, both internal (i.e., variety seeking, impulsiveness, perceived uniqueness, materialism, level of morality, and self-monitoring) and external drivers (i.e., product compatibility, returning cost, perceived risk, complexity of procedure, and social group influence) of consumers’ product return behaviors are identified. Third, the relationship between these drivers of return behavior and the type of return behavior are examined. Finally, the influence of these two different types of return behaviors on consumer’s re-patronage intention is examined. This study uses a survey method to collect data in two phases - pilot phase and main study. In the pilot phase, data were collected from students and used to assess the factor structure, reliability and validity. In the main study, data were collected from both students (N=367) and non-students using M-Turk (N=395). The psychometric properties of the scale items were once again assessed using covariance based Confirmatory Factor Analysis procedure. Finally, multivariate regression was used to test the hypothesized relationships between the drivers of return behavior, types of return behavior, and the re-patronage intention. The findings indicate that product compatibility and desire for uniqueness negatively influence legitimate return behavior; whereas impulsiveness, perceived risk and social group have a positive influence. For opportunistic return behavior, social group and immorality positively influence both legitimate and opportunistic return behavior. However, other drivers have no influence on consumers’ return behavior. Finally, legitimate return behavior positively influences consumer’s re-patronage intention, while opportunistic return behavior has a negative influence. This study makes two major contributions. First, it contributes to the theoretical understanding of complex return behavior, including legitimate return and opportunistic return behavior, and thus adds depth to the literature of product returns. Second, by identifying the drivers of product return behaviors such as product compatibility, perceived risk of keeping the product, social group influence, and immorality, this study offers managers knowledge that will help reduce product returns, thus increasing their profits.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Zetterberg, Maria, Ellinor Lönnström, and Filippa Bäckegren. "Customers’ return reasons and preferences about product-oriented tools : An exploratory mixed methods research in a fashion e-commerce context." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-23933.

Full text
Abstract:
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore whether customers’ return reasons differ between product groups and if their e-commerce experience is related to the return reasons. Moreover, we test if customers’ e-commerce experience is related to whether they refrain from ordering apparel when there is a perceived absence of information, and what product-oriented tools they prefer when purchasing apparel online. Design/methodology/approach: This is an exploratory mixed methods research within a fashion e-commerce context. We initiated the study by a systematic literature review to identify an underdeveloped area in the literature. As a result, it details an investigation of return reasons and product-oriented tools based on a focus group and customer survey. Findings: Results show that return reasons to some extent were similar between the product groups, where size and fit were the most common reasons for returns. However, the given share of the return reasons differed between the product groups. It became evident that some product-oriented tools are more preferred than others, namely product reviews and model-related tools (i.e. specified measurements and pictures on different sized models). Findings further show that a majority of respondents would completely or sometimes refrain from purchasing when there is an absence of information online. These findings were also investigated in relation to customers’ e-commerce experience, where we found a relationship between the variables. Practical implications: Several meaningful insights for fashion online retailers are developed from the results of this study, which can help them minimise unnecessary returns. While return reasons among apparel have, in the past, been analysed on an aggregated level, this study contradicts this practice. This study further suggests retailers to determine whether and how to manage, maintain and prioritise product-oriented tools on their website while still being in line with customers’ preferences and expectations. Originality/value of paper: This study contributes toward the literature of returns management in the fashion e-commerce context by, firstly, examining whether customers’ return reasons differ between product groups and secondly by investigating their preferences of product-oriented tools when purchasing apparel online. Lastly, it contributes through taking customers’ e-commerce experience of purchasing apparel online into consideration.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Posazhennikova, Victoria, Kathleen Davey, and Claudia Hirschfeld. "Catching the Boomerang : The Product Return Process of Swedish E-Retailers." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12341.

Full text
Abstract:

One of the newest emerging areas of research in supply chain management is ReverseLogistics. It involves all activities related to the flow of products from the customerback to the supplier. In the last decade scholars have developed theories and models,however empirical data is still in its infancy. In response, this paper strives to close thisgap by conducting research to create new knowledge on the first element of reverselogistics, which is the product return process. The main intention of having a returnprocess is to handle returned products efficiently in order to recover value and to savecosts. Therefore, it is a value-adding operation and can become profitable for thecompany.The purpose of this study is to investigate the implementation and perception of thereturn process of Swedish e-retailers. Sweden is considered to be one of the mostmatured e-commerce markets. In addition, e-retailers experience the highest rate ofproduct returns. Together those two factors influenced the decision to dedicate thisthesis to this particular region and industry.Initially, this paper introduces reverse logistics focusing specifically on the productreturn process. An overview of the existing theories and concepts within the returnprocess is presented and summarized, resulting in the creation of the Boomerang ReturnModel. Based on this foundation the questionnaire was created. By cooperating with theSwedish e-retail federation - Svensk Distanshandel, access to the industry was gained toperform a quantitative study.It was found that the empirical data only gives insight into the implementation andperception of the return process of small sized companies. The findings demonstrate thelimited awareness of the importance of an efficient return process. Companies tend toperceive the return process as unimportant instead of value adding. Hence, there is anopportunity for improvements in the Swedish e-retail market. From these findings amodified version of the Boomerang Return Model was created to adjust the initialmodel particularly for small sized companies. The model can be utilized as a theoreticalgroundwork in future research. Additionally, it could also serve as guidance for smallcompanies how to implement an appropriate return process.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Forslind, K. H. "Return to sender : essays on extended producer responsibility /." Linköping : Ekonomiska institutionen, Linköpings universitet [distributör], 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8218.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Lamsali, Hendrik. "Selection of return channels and recovery options for used products." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13528.

Full text
Abstract:
Due to legal, economic and socio-environmental factors, reverse logistics practices and extended producer responsibility have developed into a necessity in many countries. The end results and expectations may differ, but the motivation remains the same. Two significant components in a reverse logistics system -product recovery options and return channels - are the focus of this thesis. The two main issues examined are allocation of the returned products to recovery options, and selection of the collection methods for product returns. The initial segment of this thesis involves the formulation of a linear programming model to determine the optimal allocation of returned products differing in quality to specific recovery options. This model paves the way for a study on the effects of flexibility on product recovery allocation. A computational example utilising experimental data was presented to demonstrate the viability of the proposed model. The results revealed that in comparison to a fixed match between product qualities and recovery options, the product recovery operation appeared to be more profitable with a flexible allocation. The second segment of this thesis addresses the methods employed for the initial collection of returned products. A mixed integer nonlinear programming model was developed to facilitate the selection of optimal collection methods for these products. This integrated model takes three different initial collection methods into consideration. The model is used to solve an illustrative example optimally. However, as the complexity of the issue renders this process ineffective in the face of larger problems, the Lagrangian relaxation method was proposed to generate feasible solutions within reasonable computational times. This method was put to the test and the results were found to be encouraging.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Nordgren, Jonathan, and Debora Johansson. "Reverse logistics management and its environmental impact: the return transportation in Sweden." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Jönköping University, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-48632.

Full text
Abstract:
With product returns, reverse logistics management is causing a big environmental impact, especially product returns from online shopping provided by the third-party logistics (3PL) companies. There is a need for understanding in what ways 3PL companies could reduce the environmental impact and at the same time stay competitive. This thesis qualitative method is based on semi-structured interviews with the objective to highlight the management of return transportation. Specifically, the challenges for third-party logistics (3PL) companies to reduce their environmental impact by managing the transportation of product returns and keeping their economic performances. Supporting the study, 3PL companies and end-customers, in Sweden, proposed long-term organized advice (as additional service) to the 3PLs customers for helping them reducing cost and their impact on the environment. The study suggested that 3PL companies are required to emphasize the management of transportation agreements, not only to include adequate economic clauses but also the terms for achieving environmental performances. In the long-term, these agreements will allow 3PL companies to achievetheir environmental performances and remaining competitive. The study recognized that implication for managers might be, for them to keep updated on environmental changes applying that customer’s new demands could require a different way (than today) for managing their logistics organizations. For example, these changes could have great implications for early and consistent managerial actions, impacting the reverse logistics processes, like the transportation of the returned products.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Yaschhuk, Lyudmila. "Ecological and economic aspects of processing return the product to OJC "Cherkasyhlib"." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10345.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Nilsson, Malin, and Louise Lantz. "Product Return Process : Developing a Web-Based Return Form to Improve the Information Flow between an Apparel Company and Its Retailers." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-16803.

Full text
Abstract:
Handling product returns has become a critical activity for organizations as the volume of gods flowing back through the supply chain rapidly increases. Few research studies have published specific empirical data concerning the reverse logistics practices of companies. Information technology and information support has long been recognized as a competitive weapon – capable of enhancing company performance and achieving efficient reverse logistics. Reverse logistics is very unlike the forward, as it is more reactive and also has less visibility. Unlike forward logistics, incoming products from reverse logistics are not tracked broadly because of the lack of information systems resources necessary.The investigated apparel company in this study is operating on the global market and expands their sales twenty per cent each year, resulting in increased pressure in the return flow. To meet this future demands, the return process has to be more efficient and not so time consuming. This study emerged from a case study made at the return department of this apparel company based on a research question. An improvement area was discovered through interviews, internal documents and observations. This area was investigated in existing theories through books and scientific research papers. From the theories and the case study, a hypothesis was created in order to be tested. To strengthen the hypothesis, an experiment was developed and performed at selected retailers and at the apparel company.Research Question Where in the product return process can improvements be made in order to make the information flow more efficient between retailers and an apparel company?HypothesisBy creating a web-based return form, the information flow between retailers and an apparel company will be more efficient, resulting in a more effective and structured product return process.Through the experiment, various factors that strengthen the hypothesis were discovered. For instance, the information flow becomes more effective when retailers have clear guidelines how to send back products and when inserting the information into the computer system before returning. As the apparel company knows what is coming back, the disposition of returned products can be predetermined which will speed up the return process. Shared and available information across various parties facilitate the daily work with better communication. Furthermore, activities that are existing today within the return process can be eliminated which result in more effective product return process. Refund for retailers can be made quicker which result in more satisfied retailers and creates stronger relationships.
Program: Master programme in Applied Textile Management
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Knight, Darren C. "Return on Investment Analysis for Implementing Barriers to Reverse Engineering and Imitation." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2633.

Full text
Abstract:
Reverse engineering (extracting information about a product from the product itself) is a competitive strategy for many firms and is often costly to innovators. Recent research has proven metrics for estimating the reverse engineering time and barrier and has shown that products can strategically be made more difficult to reverse engineer, thus protecting the innovator. Reverse engineering, however, is only the first phase of attempting to duplicate a product. Imitating – the process of discovering how to physically reproduce the performance of the reverse engineered product in one or more of its performance areas – is the second and final phase. This thesis presents metrics for the time and barrier to imitating and shows how they can be joined with reverse engineering metrics to estimate a total time and total barrier to duplicate a product. As there is a cost associated with the design of barriers to reverse engineering and in imitating it is important that a return on investment analysis be performed to ensure a profitable endeavor. Details of such an analysis are presented here. To illustrate the methodology, two case studies are presented. The first is an analysis of KithcenAid's Stand Mixer. The second is an analysis of a cantilevered "L-beam" that has been structurally optimized under four conditions to achieve a specified mechanical performance. Additionally, anecdotal solutions to creating barriers to reverse engineering and imitating are discussed throughout.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Rubenking, Brian Harold. "Market forces and aircraft safety: a daily stock market return analysis." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45178.

Full text
Abstract:
The relationship between market forces and product safety in the context of the commercial passenger air travel market was investigated. The analysis was based on a detailed review of the events surrounding three airline accidents, each resulting in a substantial number of fatalities, and the subsequent investigations. The presence or absence of statistically significant market impacts of the accidents on aircraft manufacturers and airlines was determined using a combination of event analysis and the market model of modern finance theory. For a period following each accident, daily and cumulative abnormal stock market returns (i.e., returns not explained by pre-accident market trends) were calculated for the three domestic commercial aircraft manufacturers, the airline involved, and the major airline carrier industry. The results indicated that market forces exist that provide an incentive for manufacturers and airlines to devote resources to product safety, even though it is not possible for consumers to rationally evaluate the level of safety being provided, due to the inherent complexity of the products. The calculated market impacts generally conformed to expectations, in terms of sign and significance, and varied depending on the primary cause of a particular accident. However, the results with respect to the individual airlines involved in each accident did not support the hypotheses in several cases, indicating that other market, regulatory, or judicial factors may have had an impact on the calculated abnormal stock market returns. A description of the background theory, the methodology used, and the detailed results is included.
Master of Arts
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Books on the topic "Product Return"

1

Nichols, David. Return on ideas: Making innovation pay. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2007.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Bernstein, Jeffrey Ian. Product demand, cost of production, spillovers and the social rate of return to R&D. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1991.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Alexander Hamilton Institute (U.S.), ed. Sales motivation: Selling your people on selling your products. New York, N.Y., U.S.A: Alexander Hamilton Institute, 1985.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Guadalupe, Maria. Product market competition, returns to skill and wage inequality. Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2005.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Gatsios, K. International trade under increasing returns product differentiation and monopolistic competition. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Department of Applied Economics, 1985.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

McGrath, Gavin. Evaluating management proficiencies in the Irish dairy processing industry 1992-1996. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1997.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Mary, Ahearn, and Vasavada Utpal, eds. Costs and returns for agricultural commodities: Advances in concepts and measurement. Boulder, Colo: Westview Press, 1992.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Castaldi, Mark Anthony. Economic returns and impacts of alternative pricing and product mixes in wineries. [Pullman, Wash.]: Agriculture Research Center, College of Agriculture and Home Economics, Washington State University, 1985.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Rust, Roland T. Return on quality (ROQ): Making service quality financially accountable. Cambridge, Mass: Marketing Science Institute, 1994.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Return to beauty: Old world wisdom & recipes for great skin. New York: Atria Books, 2009.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Book chapters on the topic "Product Return"

1

Pei, Zhi, and Audhesh Paswan. "Consumers’ Legitimate and Opportunistic Product Return Behaviors: An Extended Abstract." In Marketing at the Confluence between Entertainment and Analytics, 1405–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47331-4_278.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Maity, Devdeep. "Forming Product Return Intentions To Reduce Cognitive Dissonance After Purchase." In Marketing Dynamism & Sustainability: Things Change, Things Stay the Same…, 456. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10912-1_148.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Manners, George E., and Louis H. Stone. "Target Return Applications for Individual Product Lines in Merchandising Firms." In Proceedings of the 1985 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference, 187–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16943-9_39.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Unger, F. "Cost-Effectiveness in Coronary Artery Surgery: In Relation to the Gross National Product." In Return to Work After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery, 307–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69855-2_43.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Sawyer, Tom Y. "Cost of Product Development Model: Ensure a Return on Your Investment." In Financial Modeling for Business Owners and Entrepreneurs, 157–83. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-0370-5_8.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Birim, Şule Öztürk, Filiz Erataş Sönmez, and Yağmur Sağlam Liman. "Estimating Return Rate of Blockchain Financial Product by ANFIS-PSO Method." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 802–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09173-5_92.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Gotzel, Christian, and Karl Inderfurth. "Performance of MRP in Product Recovery Systems with Demand, Return and Leadtime Uncertainties." In Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, 99–114. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56183-2_7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Paul, S., M. I. M. Wahab, and X. F. Cao. "Supply Chain Coordination with Energy Price Uncertainty, Carbon Emission Cost, and Product Return." In Handbook of EOQ Inventory Problems, 179–99. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7639-9_9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Zhou, Gengui, Zhenyu Cao, Jian Cao, and Zhiqing Meng. "A Genetic Algorithm Approach on Reverse Logistics Optimization for Product Return Distribution Network." In Computational Intelligence and Security, 267–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11596448_38.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Alexouda, G., and K. Paparrizos. "A Decision Support System for the Seller’s Return Problem in the Product Line Design." In Applied Optimization, 131–40. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4919-9_9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Product Return"

1

Zhu, Yada, Jianbo Li, Jingrui He, Brian L. Quanz, and Ajay A. Deshpande. "A Local Algorithm for Product Return Prediction in E-Commerce." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/517.

Full text
Abstract:
With the rapid growth of e-tail, the cost to handle returned online orders also increases significantly and has become a major challenge in the e-commerce industry. Accurate prediction of product returns allows e-tailers to prevent problematic transactions in advance. However, the limited existing work for modeling customer online shopping behaviors and predicting their return actions fail to integrate the rich information in the product purchase and return history (e.g., return history, purchase-no-return behavior, and customer/product similarity). Furthermore, the large-scale data sets involved in this problem, typically consisting of millions of customers and tens of thousands of products, also render existing methods inefficient and ineffective at predicting the product returns. To address these problems, in this paper, we propose to use a weighted hybrid graph to represent the rich information in the product purchase and return history, in order to predict product returns. The proposed graph consists of both customer nodes and product nodes, undirected edges reflecting customer return history and customer/product similarity based on their attributes, as well as directed edges discriminating purchase-no-return and no-purchase actions. Based on this representation, we study a random-walk-based local algorithm for predicting product return propensity for each customer, whose computational complexity depends only on the size of the output cluster rather than the entire graph. Such a property makes the proposed local algorithm particularly suitable for processing the large-scale data sets to predict product returns. To test the performance of the proposed techniques, we evaluate the graph model and algorithm on multiple e-commerce data sets, showing improved performance over state-of-the-art methods.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Liu, Xuwang, Yanyang Liu, Wei Qi, Xiwang Guo, Liang Qi, and Ying Tang. "Product pricing considering product quality in return case." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc52423.2021.9658611.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Puspitasari, Rosi, Ary Arvianto, Dyah Ika Rinawati, and Pringgo Widyo Laksono. "Q inventory model with product expiry and product return on pharmaceutical products at hospital kardinah." In 2016 2nd International Conference of Industrial, Mechanical, Electrical, and Chemical Engineering (ICIMECE). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icimece.2016.7910425.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Qing-Guo, Ma, and Meng Li-Jun. "Simulation Study about Perishable Products Inventory System with Resalable Product Return." In 2008 International Conference on Information Management, Innovation Management and Industrial Engineering (ICIII). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciii.2008.139.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Gaidarzhy, Karyna, Thomas Wozniak, and Matthias Schu. "Returns Management Practices in Swiss Online Apparel Retailing: A Multiple Case Study Approach." In Digital Restructuring and Human (Re)action. University of Maribor Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.fov.4.2022.25.

Full text
Abstract:
Product returns are a critical, costly task for online retailers; yet the process of managing and avoiding returns is neither actively coordinated nor investigated. Based on a multiple case study approach, six in-depth interviews with top- and middle-level apparel industry managers were conducted to explore and describe practices of managing product returns in online apparel retailing. Our findings revealed returns management practices implemented in online apparel retailing and identified several applications to reduce the environmental footprint of product returns and improving the company’s performance, based on five facets of returns management: (1) the interplay of return policy, product category, and preventive actions; (2) the application of avoidance practices; (3) the management of returns in omnichannel retail; (4) the potential of artificial intelligence to reduce return rates; and (5) the role of sustainability in consumer behaviour. To reduce product returns and enhance a company’s performance, we propose to map the practices against different phases of the return journey.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Makkonen, Markus, Lauri Frank, and Tiina Kemppainen. "The Effects of Consumer Demographics and Payment Method Preference on Product Return Frequency and Reasons in Online ShoppingEffects of Consumer Demographics and Payment Method Preference on Product Return Frequency and Reasons in Online Shopping." In Digital Support from Crisis to Progressive Change. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-485-9.40.

Full text
Abstract:
In online shopping, product returns are very common. In order to reduce them, one must first understand who are making them and why are they being made. In this study, we aim to address these questions by examining product return behaviour from a consumer-centric rather than the more traditional product-centric, retailer-centric, and order-centric perspectives. More specifically, we focus on the effects of four demographic characteristics of consumers (i.e., gender, age, education, and income) as well as their payment method preference on their product return frequency and product return reasons. As the data, we use the responses from 560 Finnish online consumers, which were collected with an online survey and are analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively. We find gender, age, payment method preference, and average online shopping frequency to affect average product return frequency, whereas product return reasons were found to be affected by only gender and average product return frequency.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Raihanian Mashhadi, Ardeshir, Behzad Esmaeilian, and Sara Behdad. "Modeling Consumer Decisions on Returning End-of-Use Products Considering Design Features and Consumer Interactions: An Agent Based Simulation Approach." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-46864.

Full text
Abstract:
As electronic waste (e-waste) becomes one of the fastest growing environmental concerns, remanufacturing is considered as a promising solution. However, the profitability of take back systems is hampered by several factors including the lack of information on the quantity and timing of to-be-returned used products to a remanufacturing facility. Product design features, consumers’ awareness of recycling opportunities, socio-demographic information, peer pressure, and the tendency of customer to keep used items in storage are among contributing factors in increasing uncertainties in the waste stream. Predicting customer choice decisions on returning back used products, including both the time in which the customer will stop using the product and the end-of-use decisions (e.g. storage, resell, through away, and return to the waste stream) could help manufacturers have a better estimation of the return trend. The objective of this paper is to develop an Agent Based Simulation (ABS) model integrated with Discrete Choice Analysis (DCA) technique to predict consumer decisions on the End-of-Use (EOU) products. The proposed simulation tool aims at investigating the impact of design features, interaction among individual consumers and socio-demographic characteristics of end users on the number of returns. A numerical example of cellphone take-back system has been provided to show the application of the model.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Spruce, Jon, and Sarah Moriarty. "A SLIGHT RETURN: DEVELOPING AN AUGMENTED DESIGN STUDIO PEDAGOGY." In 24th International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education. The Design Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35199/epde.2022.116.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Nugroho, Aditya, and Chung-Chi Hsieh. "Pricing Decisions with Product Return and Consumer Fit Uncertainty." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieem44572.2019.8978506.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Knight, Darren C., and Christopher A. Mattson. "Return on Investment Analysis for Implementing Barriers to Reverse Engineering." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47094.

Full text
Abstract:
Reverse engineering (extracting information about a product from the product itself) is a competitive strategy for many firms and is often costly to innovators. Recent research has proven metrics for estimating the reverse engineering time and barrier and has shown that products can strategically be made more difficult to reverse engineer, thus protecting the innovator. Reverse engineering, however, is only the first phase of attempting to duplicate a product. Imitating — the process of discovering how to physically reproduce the performance of the reverse engineered product in one or more of its performance areas — is the second and final phase. This paper presents metrics for the time and barrier to imitating and shows how they can be joined with reverse engineering metrics to estimate a total time and total barrier to duplicate a product. As there is a cost associated with the design of barriers to reverse engineering and imitating it is important that a return on investment analysis be performed to ensure a profitable endeavor. Details of such an analysis are presented here.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Product Return"

1

Kim, Hye-Shin. No problem, I'll just return it! Purchase effort, product returns, and cognitive dissonance. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, November 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-185.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Marshak, Ronni. Making It as Easy to Return or Exchange a Product as It Is to Purchase One. Boston, MA: Patricia Seybold Group, September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1571/csp09-11-08cc.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Bernstein, Jeffrey, and M. Ishaq Nadiri. Product Demand, Cost of Production, Spillovers, and the Social Rate of Return to R&D. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3625.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Barbour, R. James, Roger D. Fight, Glenn A. Christensen, Guy L. Pinjuv, and Rao V. Nagubadi. Thinning and prescribed fire and projected trends in wood product potential, financial return, and fire hazard in Montana. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-606.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Fight, Roger D., R. James Barbour, Glenn Christensen, Guy L. Pinjuv, and Rao V. Nagubadi. Thinning and prescribed fire and projected trends in wood product potential, financial return, and fire hazard in New Mexico. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-605.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Bhattarai, Rabin, Yufan Zhang, and Jacob Wood. Evaluation of Various Perimeter Barrier Products. Illinois Center for Transportation, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-009.

Full text
Abstract:
Construction activities entail substantial disturbance of topsoil and vegetative cover. As a result, stormwater runoff and erosion rates are increased significantly. If the soil erosion and subsequently generated sediment are not contained within the site, they would have a negative off-site impact as well as a detrimental influence on the receiving water body. In this study, replicable large-scale tests were used to analyze the ability of products to prevent sediment from exiting the perimeter of a site via sheet flow. The goal of these tests was to compare products to examine how well they retain sediment and how much ponding occurs upstream, as well as other criteria of interest to the Illinois Department of Transportation. The products analyzed were silt fence, woven monofilament geotextile, Filtrexx Siltsoxx, ERTEC ProWattle, triangular silt dike, sediment log, coconut coir log, Siltworm, GeoRidge, straw wattles, and Terra-Tube. Joint tests and vegetated buffer strip tests were also conducted. The duration of each test was 30 minutes, and 116 pounds of clay-loam soil were mixed with water in a 300 gallon tank. The solution was continuously mixed throughout the test. The sediment-water slurry was uniformly discharged over an 8 ft by 20 ft impervious 3:1 slope. The bottom of the slope had a permeable zone (8 ft by 8 ft) constructed from the same soil used in the mixing. The product was installed near the center of this zone. Water samples were collected at 5 minute intervals upstream and downstream of the product. These samples were analyzed for total sediment concentration to determine the effectiveness of each product. The performance of each product was evaluated in terms of sediment removal, ponding, ease of installation, and sustainability.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Ogodo, Moses Ogal, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn, and Kari L. Clase. Defects Analysis and Root Cause Robustness of Product Labels of an Acaricide Product in East Africa. Purdue University, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317441.

Full text
Abstract:
This project aimed at investigating online damages of packaging materials generated during production because of imperfectness of production processes. These online damages may lead to upsurge in production cost and/or market returns, causing the company to experience losses and even damage its reputation. Data on online damages were collected for 20ml, 40ml and 100ml labels of an acaricide product for the period between July 2018 and June 2019 and statistically analyzed. Investigation was done on the causes of online damages, then corrective and preventive actions carried out. Analysis of online damages of labels of the three pack sizes revealed a loss of 1.01% on labels alone during the year under analysis. After implementing corrective and preventive actions, there was a reduction of online damages of labels.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Wheelock, David C., and Paul W. Wilson. New Evidence on Returns to Scale and Product Mix Among U.S. Commercial Banks. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.1997.003.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Hamill, Daniel, and Gabrielle David. Hydrologic analysis of field delineated ordinary high water marks for rivers and streams. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41681.

Full text
Abstract:
Streamflow influences the distribution and organization of high water marks along rivers and streams in a landscape. The federal definition of ordinary high water mark (OHWM) is defined by physical and vegetative field indicators that are used to identify inundation extents of ordinary high water levels without any reference to the relationship between streamflow and regulatory definition. Streamflow is the amount, or volume, of water that moves through a stream per unit time. This study explores regional characteristics and relationships between field-delineated OHWMs and frequency-magnitude streamflow metrics derived from a flood frequency analysis. The elevation of OHWM is related to representative constant-level discharge return periods with national average return periods of 6.9 years using partial duration series and 2.8 years using annual maximum flood frequency approaches. The range in OHWM return periods is 0.5 to 9.08, and 1.05 to 11.01 years for peaks-over-threshold and annual maximum flood frequency methods, respectively. The range of OHWM return periods is consistent with the range found in national studies of return periods related to bankfull streamflow. Hydraulic models produced a statistically significant relationship between OHWM and bank-full, which reinforces the close relationship between the scientific concept and OHWM in most stream systems.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Olsen, K. B., J. C. Evans, D. S. Sklarew, D. C. Girvin, C. L. Nelson, E. A. Lepel, D. E. Robertson, and R. W. Sanders. Characterization of mercury, arsenic, and selenium in the product streams of the Pacific Northwest Laboratory 6-kg retort. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6194571.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Product Return' for particular source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography