Journal articles on the topic 'Product distinctiveness'
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Ghosh, Arghya, and Hodaka Morita. "Competitor collaboration and product distinctiveness." International Journal of Industrial Organization 30, no. 2 (March 2012): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2011.07.003.
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Moisă, Claudia Olimpia. "The Distinctiveness Of The Youth Travel Product." Annales Universitatis Apulensis Series Oeconomica 2, no. 12 (December 31, 2010): 638–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29302/oeconomica.2010.12.2.16.
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Fu, Ruiheng, and Wei Xu. "How social exclusion and high self-esteem negatively affect consumer attitudes toward anthropomorphized products." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 49, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.9604.
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Empirical studies have demonstrated that the anthropomorphism of products has positive effects on consumers' attitudes and behaviors toward those products. However, our findings in two experiments suggest that product anthropomorphism might produce negative effects under certain conditions. People who were socially excluded and who had high self-esteem evaluated anthropomorphized products more negatively than did those with low self-esteem, and the distinctiveness motivation mediated the effect of this interaction of social exclusion and self-esteem on attitudes toward anthropomorphized products. Our findings extend extant knowledge of product anthropomorphism and provide marketing managers with practical suggestions for applying marketing strategies that utilize anthropomorphized products.
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Hyun, Jae Hoon, and Suk Bong Choi. "Consumer purchase intention of a cosmetic product after the Fukushima nuclear incident." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 46, no. 4 (April 5, 2018): 551–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.6676.
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We examined the factors affecting consumer purchase intention of a cosmetic product after the Fukushima nuclear incident and the role of distinctiveness in postcrisis recovery. Through a 2-group experiment and structural equation modeling, we found that the incident did not affect the firm's reputation and brand image but it was perceived as a significant threat to health and product safety that consequently negatively affected purchasing intentions. Findings also showed that high distinctiveness is a valid factor in diminishing the impact of crisis. In particular, a firm's reputation and indirect effects on revenue are least affected by, or even positively related to distinctiveness. We have included discussion of the critical implications for firms around the importance of maintaining desirable relationships with the public as preparation for a crisis and for rapid postcrisis recovery.
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Phoenix, Gregory M., Michael J. Kalsher, and Matthew V. Champagne. "Allocation of Responsibility for Injuries Sustained from the Use of Technologically-Mediated Consumer Products." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 41, no. 1 (October 1997): 400–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107118139704100188.
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Kelly's (1972) theory of causal attribution was used as a basis for assessing how participants allocated responsibility for injuries sustained in four fictitious product-use scenarios. Each scenario described an injury (mild or severe) that occurred during the use of a consumer product that was mediated by a computerized device. Different versions of each product-use scenario were created to account for manipulations of consensus, consistency, distinctiveness, and injury type. Results showed that participants' overall scores of attribution allocations were consistent with Kelly's attributional model and McArthur's (1972) findings. In situations of low consensus, high consistency, and low distinctiveness, participants made internal causal attributions; and for situations of high consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness, participants made external attributions. The manipulation of accident severity (mild or severe) had no significant effect on attributional tendencies. The availability of a product-use warning was associated with a greater tendency to attribute responsibility for the injury to the consumer. Implications of these results are discussed and suggestions for further research are offered.
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Jia, Jayson Shi, Baba Shiv, and Sanjay Rao. "The Product-Agnosia Effect: How More Visual Impressions Affect Product Distinctiveness in Comparative Choice." Journal of Consumer Research 41, no. 2 (August 1, 2014): 342–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/676600.
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Mazzelli, Ambra, Josip Kotlar, and Alfredo De Massis. "Blending In While Standing Out: Selective Conformity and New Product Introduction in Family Firms." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 42, no. 2 (January 10, 2018): 206–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1042258717748651.
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Research on the conformity-distinctiveness trade-off in family firms is divided. Examining the product innovations of Spanish manufacturing firms between 1998 and 2012, we hypothesize that family and nonfamily firms conform selectively and are driven by different motivations. Family firms align with their closest peers to avoid social losses while nonfamily firms conform to firms with different attributes to pursue social gains. Moreover, propensity to conform leads to more substantive organizational responses in family firms. We contribute to understanding how family firms navigate the conformity-distinctiveness trade-off, unveil the cognitive dimension of conformity, and address the puzzling evidence on family firm innovation.
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Kvam, Gunn-Turid, Trine Magnus, and Egil Petter Stræte. "Product strategies for growth in niche food firms." British Food Journal 116, no. 4 (April 1, 2014): 723–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-06-2011-0168.
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Purpose – The aim of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of growth processes of speciality food firms and how these processes influence the producers' perception of quality demands of the products. Design/methodology/approach – A case study approach was chosen covering four specialty food companies in Norway. This explorative study was conducted from the producer's perspective. Findings – Results show that, as part of growth processes, firms invest in different activities to strengthen the quality of their products to achieve distinctiveness in more competitive markets. The most important quality that contributes to distinctiveness and increased value seems to be traditional handicraft production processes. In some cases, expensive and time-consuming processes are invested in developing qualities that are not transformed into higher value in the market. Research limitations/implications – The number of cases is too small for statistical analysis, but this explorative case study may provide a basis for a survey of a larger sample of firms. Practical implications – The study indicates a need for companies to gain more knowledge about consumers' preferences and behaviour, and to develop product qualities and market communication accordingly. Originality/value – Research is scarce on obstacles to growth in specialty food firms. This study contributes important knowledge to enhance further development of the industry.
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Backovic, Vera, and Irena Petrovic. "Ethical consumption in Serbia: Analysing its prevalence and distinctiveness." Sociologija 63, no. 2 (2021): 381–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc2102381b.
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Ethical consumption refers to the conscious decision of individuals to purchase or decline to purchase particular goods, in which their choice is guided by certain values rather than financial considerations. In this case, the decision to purchase a product (buycott) or to avoid purchasing a product (boycott) does not depend on price or availability but is instead an expression of moral attitudes, cultural preferences and distinct lifestyle choices. This paper analyses the prevalence of ethical consumption in Serbia, as well as the impact of the following factors on ethical consumption: demographic and socio-economic factors (gender, age, education, place of residence, economic status, occupation and employment status); trust in institutions (national and supranational); level of interest in politics (as well as assessment of ability to influence politics but also assessment of the ?openness? of the political system to citizen participation); political activism and political orientation and values. The analysis is based on the data of the European Social Survey (ESS) conducted in 2018.
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Rice, Tom W., William P. McLean, and Amy J. Larsen. "Southern Distinctiveness over Time, 1972-2000." American Review of Politics 23 (July 1, 2002): 193–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2374-7781.2002.23.0.193-220.
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Scholars have long been interested in the cultural differences between the southern United States and the rest of the nation. In this study we update and extend earlier work in this area by comparing and tracking the responses of southerners and non-southerners to over 75 questions from the 1972-2000 cumulative General Social Surveys. The analyses generate four conclusions. First, the attitudes and behaviors of southerners are more conservative than those of non-southerners in many areas, including race, gender, religion, sex, social capital, and tolerance. Second, the magnitude of these regional differences remains about the same regardless of whether we compare all southerners and non-southerners or just white southerners and non-southerners. This suggests that Southern culture is not just a “white” southern culture as many scholars have argued in the past. Third, the differences between southerners and non-southerners persist, although often to a lesser degree, after controlling for structural variables such as education, income, and urbanity. The implication is that southern distinctiveness is a product of both deep-seeded cultural differences and structural differences between regions. Fourth, there is very little evidence that regional differences have declined over the past quarter century, challenging those who contend that southern culture is in retreat.
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Susanto, Putu Chris, and Ni Made Eka Mahadewi. "Brand Name Distinctiveness of Star Hotels in Bali." Journal of Business on Hospitality and Tourism 1, no. 1 (December 28, 2015): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22334/jbhost.v1i1.8.
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A brand name is an important feature for a brand, serving as an identifier for a product and simultaneously attempting to shape consumers’ perception as a distinctive trademark. The present study explores branding in light of Peirce’s triadic model of signs in linguistics, using summary statistics and cross tabulation to empirically show trends in the choice of brand name and descriptor for 224 star hotels in Bali. The data shows that five trademark distinctiveness strategies are present in the core brand names of star hotels in Bali: generic, descriptive, suggestive, arbitrary, and fanciful—with arbitrary names being the most popular. Additionally, several trends are shown in regards to descriptors used in property names. The use of ‘Bali’ as a descriptor is still popular, while the use of descriptors ‘beach’ and ‘grand’ is declining. Using definite article ‘the’ as a descriptor is increasingly popular, as well as using descriptors ‘private’, ‘luxury’, and ‘collection’ to convey exclusivity and intimacy.
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Boulongne, Romain, and Rodolphe Durand. "Evaluating Ambiguous Offerings." Organization Science 32, no. 2 (March 2021): 257–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2020.1402.
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This paper studies how audience members categorize and evaluate ambiguous offerings. Depending on whether audience members categorize ambiguous offerings based on prototypes or goals, they activate two distinct cognitive mechanisms and evaluate differently ambiguous offerings. We expect that when audiences engage in goal- versus prototype-based categorization, their evaluation of ambiguous products increases. We theorize that, under goal-based categorization, the perceived utility of unclear attributes increases for audiences, which leads them to evaluate more positively ambiguous product offerings. We test and find support for these direct and mediated relationships through a series of laboratory, online, and field experiments. Overall, this study offers important implications for research on product and market categories, optimal distinctiveness, and market agents’ cognitive ascription of value.
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Gao, Min, and Bingqun Cui. "Literature Review on Product Distinctiveness Evaluation and Consumer Choice Based on Need for Uniqueness." American Journal of Industrial and Business Management 06, no. 07 (2016): 840–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2016.67079.
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Zangger, Andreas P. "Chops and Trademarks: Asian Trading Ports and Textile Branding, 1840–1920." Enterprise & Society 15, no. 4 (December 2014): 759–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700016104.
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This article is a contribution to the prehistory of modern branding, presenting a case study of the textile trade in colonial Southeast Asia. The visual appearance of brands as well as their social meaning were altered in the cultural encounter of colonial trade. Through these encounters, trademarks were modernized: the reputation of a producer became less important than the distinctiveness of the product.
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Derrington, Andrew M., Amanda Parker, Nick E. Barraclough, Alexander Easton, G. R. Goodson, Kris S. Parker, Chris J. Tinsley, and Ben S. Webb. "The uses of colour vision: behavioural and physiological distinctiveness of colour stimuli." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 357, no. 1424 (August 29, 2002): 975–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2002.1116.
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Colour and greyscale (black and white) pictures look different to us, but it is not clear whether the difference in appearance is a consequence of the way our visual system uses colour signals or a by–product of our experience. In principle, colour images are qualitatively different from greyscale images because they make it possible to use different processing strategies. Colour signals provide important cues for segmenting the image into areas that represent different objects and for linking together areas that represent the same object. If this property of colour signals is exploited in visual processing we would expect colour stimuli to look different, as a class, from greyscale stimuli. We would also expect that adding colour signals to greyscale signals should change the way that those signals are processed. We have investigated these questions in behavioural and in physiological experiments. We find that male marmosets (all of which are dichromats) rapidly learn to distinguish between colour and greyscale copies of the same images. The discrimination transfers to new image pairs, to new colours and to image pairs in which the colour and greyscale images are spatially different. We find that, in a proportion of neurons recorded in the marmoset visual cortex, colour–shifts in opposite directions produce similar enhancements of the response to a luminance stimulus. We conclude that colour is, both behaviourally and physiologically, a distinctive property of images.
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Kort, John, and Patricia Michiels. "Maple syrup from Manitoba maple (Acer negundo L.) on the Canadian prairies." Forestry Chronicle 73, no. 3 (June 1, 1997): 327–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc73327-3.
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Manitoba maple (Acer negundo L.), which occurs naturally throughout Saskatchewan and Manitoba and has been planted extensively in prairie shelterbelts, is now beginning to be used to produce maple syrup on a small commercial scale. The product is a light-coloured syrup which has been judged to have a distinctly pleasant flavour. The product is presently sold locally with an emphasis on its distinctiveness of flavour and its origin on the prairies. Studies completed at Indian Head, Saskatchewan show that sap sugar content is slightly less than that of the sugar maple and that its sap flow volume is considerably lower. A three year mean sap yield of 9.8 L per tap resulted in a syrup yield of 0.23 L per tap. This is about one quarter to one half of that in a sugar maple. Key words: Maple syrup, Manitoba maple, prairie shelterbelts
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Pranata Darma, I. Gusti Ketut Indra. "Peranan Batik Bakaran Sebagai Cenderamata Khas Kecamatan Juwana Abstrak." Jurnal Akademi Pariwisata Medan 2, no. 1 (January 23, 2020): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.36983/japm.v2i1.64.
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There are several factors that make a product can be categorized as a souvenir typical of a region. Among them is having the distinctiveness of a place or unique, relative price, can be carried by hand, has a value of reminiscence, is able to be awarded and have the memory of events from somewhere. Typical regional products Juwana one of them is Batik Offering. This study aims to determine whether Batik Bakaran fulfills the criteria for a souvenir and development efforts. The study was conducted using qualitative method by conducting depth interviews with informants. Informants are looking for is a trader and craftsmen Batik Bakaran, and buyers who frequently use the product Batik Offering. Based on research data obtained, Batik Bakaran can be called as souvenirs of the District Juwana because it has a strong characteristic 5 of the 6 available. For development efforts that have been made for this, among others, by utilizing technology to introduce the product, participated in the exhibition to get a new variation of the motif.
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Pranata Darma, I. Gusti Ketut Indra. "Peranan Batik Bakaran Sebagai Cenderamata Khas Kecamatan Juwana." Jurnal Akademi Pariwisata Medan 8, no. 1 (January 23, 2020): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36983/japm.v8i1.64.
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There are several factors that make a product can be categorized as a souvenir typical of a region. Among them is having the distinctiveness of a place or unique, relative price, can be carried by hand, has a value of reminiscence, is able to be awarded and have the memory of events from somewhere. Typical regional products Juwana one of them is Batik Offering. This study aims to determine whether Batik Bakaran fulfills the criteria for a souvenir and development efforts. The study was conducted using qualitative method by conducting depth interviews with informants. Informants are looking for is a trader and craftsmen Batik Bakaran, and buyers who frequently use the product Batik Offering. Based on research data obtained, Batik Bakaran can be called as souvenirs of the District Juwana because it has a strong characteristic 5 of the 6 available. For development efforts that have been made for this, among others, by utilizing technology to introduce the product, participated in the exhibition to get a new variation of the motif.
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Makhitha, Khathutshelo Mercy. "Marketing Of Craft To Retailers: Understanding Their Buying Process, Supplier Selection Criteria And Information Sources Used." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 14, no. 6 (November 3, 2015): 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v14i6.9486.
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The purpose of the study was to investigate the buying process, supplier selection criteria and information of craft retailers in South Africa (SA). The information collected about the buying process, supplier selection criteria and information sources used were to propose a marketing strategy for craft producers wanting to target retailers. Craft retailers play a dominant role in the craft industry value chain yet craft producers face difficulties selling to this market. Instead, they resort to selling directly to end consumers and not through craft retailers. An understanding of the retailer’s buying process, supplier selection criteria and information sources is a necessity for craft producers who want to sell their products successfully through the craft retailers. A survey was conducted among 233 craft retailers in SA. A convenience sampling method was adopted for the study. The findings revealed that craft retailers go through homogenous buying stages. Craft retailers go through a lengthy process when buying crafts. The most important supplier selection criteria are product quality, product is exciting and attractive, product styling and design and product distinctiveness/uniqueness. The information sources most often used are existing sales records, buyer’s experience and sales persons visiting with samples.
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Susanty, Aries, and Aprilia Tresnaningrum. "Effect of Value Congruence, Brand Distinctiveness, Brand Social, Brand Warmth, and Memorable Brand Experience on Customer-Brand Identification and Brand Loyalty (Case Study: Brand of ACER Laptop)." E3S Web of Conferences 31 (2018): 11001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183111001.
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This study has several purposes. First, this study aims to investigate the effect of consumer–brand value congruence, brand distinctiveness, brand social benefit, brand warmth, and memorable brand experience on customer-brand identification (CBI). We call all of those factors as the antecedent factor of CBI. Second, this study aims to investigate the effect of CBI on customer loyalty. Third, investigate the role of product involvement as a moderating variable of the relationship between brand distinctiveness, brand social benefit, brand warmth, memorable brand experience and CBI. This research used primary data collected through closed questionnaires using a Likert scale of 1 - 5. The total sample size was 273 respondents located in Semarang City who has or has been using Acer Laptop for minimal one year. This research was conducted using Partial Least Square (PLS) method through SmartPLS 3.0 software. The result of data processing indicated that all of the antecedent factors of CBI have the positive and significant effect on CBI of the user of Acer Laptop. In this case, among the five antecedent factors of CBI, value congruence has the greatest effect on CBI of the user of Acer Laptop. The result of data processing also indicated that CBI has the positive and significant effect on brand loyalty of user of Acer Laptop. This study fails to prove the role of product involvement as a moderating variable of the relationship between brand distinctiveness, brand social benefit, brand warmth, memorable brand experience and CBI of the user of Acer Laptop. Moreover, based on the result of hypothesis testing, this study gives some recommendation to Acer Laptop to develop or create some features which are match with the value of user of Laptop Acer in Semarang City.
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Moon, Jang Ho, and Yongjun Sung. "Individuality Within the Group: Testing the Optimal Distinctiveness Principle Through Brand Consumption." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 43, no. 1 (February 7, 2015): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2015.43.1.15.
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In optimal distinctiveness theory, it is suggested that individuals pursue an optimally distinctive identity at the personal level when their collective identity no longer sustains the balance between need for assimilation and differentiation. We tested this assumption via 2 online experimental studies in the context of brand consumption. In Study 1, with 86 participants, we found that individuals with a high need for uniqueness were less likely to purchase brands used by the majority of members of an in-group when the group was homogeneous and the product was identity relevant because of their need for arousal of differentiation under these conditions. In Study 2, we temporarily primed need states of 93 participants and results supported the relationships we had observed in Study 1. By using brands as an identity-signaling mechanism, we found that the need for internal balance would be activated at the collective or personal level to ensure an individual's optimal distinctiveness.
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Mayasari, Dian Ety. "Protection of Geographical Indications as a Form of Consumer Rights Protection." Yuridika 35, no. 1 (October 21, 2019): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v35i1.13990.
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The potential of natural resources in a region that is well managed and provides economic benefits to the local communities deserves protection for geographical indications. It is part of intellectual property rights as it relates to the protection of the identities of producer regions that are affected by both human and natural factors. The provision of protection for geographical indications, that adopts a constitutive registration system, put emphasis on the potentials of the certain region because the distinctiveness of a product from the region cannot be found in the others. The protection of geographical indications granted for an unlimited period of time protects not only the producer regions but also the reputation, quality, as well as characteristics of their products. To provide protection of geographical indications means also to protect the consumer rights; consumers that purchase or use certain products are supplied with correct information on the production sites, quality and being protected from the potentially harmful effect of the products.
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Lee, Seon Min, Gangseog Ryu, and Seungwoo Chun. "Perceived control and scarcity appeals." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 46, no. 3 (March 25, 2018): 361–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.6367.
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We examined how individuals would respond to scarcity appeals when they felt low (vs. high) in personal control. We proposed that scarcity would be an effective way to compensate for loss of control because it symbolizes distinctiveness, stimulates urgency, and offers an opportunity to obtain resources. Results from 2 experiments confirmed our prediction. In Study 1, participants (64 Korean college students) indicated a greater intention to purchase a limited-edition product when they perceived low (vs. high) control. In Study 2, participants (228 Korean college students) who perceived low (vs. high) control chose a larger-sized product more often when the product used an only-time frame than when it did an any-time frame. Our findings contribute to the literature by introducing a compensatory paradigm to scarcity effects and identifying its promotional use as a new mechanism for compensatory control.
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Dutta, Palash, and Rupjit Saikia. "A Decision-making Approach for Choosing a Reliable Product under the Hesitant Fuzzy Environment via a Novel Distance Measure." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 45, no. 3 (September 2020): 147–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920976765.
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Executive Summary In the contemporary time, the reliability of any product has become a big issue from the customer’s perspective due to exponentially mushrooming markets of electronics and digital gadgets. Since the use of digital equipment is tremendously increasing, as a consequence, the production and availability of products are also increasing rampantly. Due to the flooding of digital products, customers often end up in a dilemma regarding the abundant choice and subsequently, become very much dependent upon the reviews of experts and fellow customers as well. In many cases, unfortunately, it is encountered that the products are not reliable enough as suggested by the reviewers. Besides, it is often seen that the manufacturing companies provide almost similar types of features and facilities for products and customers usually end up in a dilemma The confusion gets triggered when varieties of commodities are manufactured and supplied by different manufacturers bearing almost the same features nearly at the same price. In such situations, the reviews of experts and customers already using the product become essential. The reliability of a product relies upon the reviews of the previous customers of the same product. In this article, fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making methodology has been employed to find the reliability of a product considering different features of the product based on the reviews of customers and experts. This paper presents a neo distance measure on hesitant fuzzy set which is found on the notion of score function and mean deviation. Explanatory instances are provided to reveal the distinctiveness and merit of our proposed idea on distance measure over existing distance measures. After that, the proposed distance measure is applied in the decision-making approach for taking up the best electronic products. It is evidenced that the proposed distance measure is beneficial to measure distance degree between two unequal Hesitant Fuzzy Elements (HFEs) without putting extra elements in the shorter HFE. The proposed distance measures can be utilized in the decision-making field in the near future under diverse conditions to display undetermined particulars in a much-clarified manner.
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Anderson, Kym. "Changing Varietal Distinctiveness of the World's Wine Regions: Evidence from a New Global Database." Journal of Wine Economics 9, no. 3 (April 14, 2014): 249–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jwe.2014.1.
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AbstractConsumers are always looking for new types of wines. Producers compete for their attention by trying to product differentiate at the same time as they are responding to technological improvements, climate change, and evolving demand patterns. In doing so, wineries are increasingly highlighting their regional and varietal distinctiveness. This paper examines the extent to which the choice of winegrape varieties in wine regions has already changed over the first decade of the twenty-first century in both the Old World and New World. In doing so, it reports a varietal intensity index of different regions and an index of similarity of varietal mix between regions. The study is based on a new database of vine-bearing areas circa 2000 and 2010 for nearly 1,300 DNA-distinct winegrape varieties, spanning over 600 regions in 44 countries that together account for 99 percent of the world's wine production. (JEL Classifications: D24, L66, Q13, Q15)
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Panjaitan, Jenri, Muhadjir Darwin, Indra Bastian, and Sukamdi Sukamdi. "What Do Banks, Rural Credit Institutions, and Regulators Infer from the Current Strengths and Standing of Indonesian SMEs?" Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business 22, no. 1 (March 18, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/gamaijb.53968.
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This study investigates whether the Indonesian regulators control Indonesian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with matching or mismatching empowerment strategies, in light of their strengths and current standing. Indonesian SMEs contributed approximately 60.34% to Indonesia’s gross domestic product (GDP) in 2018. In addition, Indonesian regulators have focused on financial support through credit policies and tax incentives. Indonesian SMEs have been standing on organizational readiness and readiness for change, based on their social networks and social cognition. It collected thirteen informants with different expertise and experiences. This study’s results suggest Indonesia’s regulatory body and financial institutions should consider the SMEs’ social cognition and organizational readiness for change. According to the current situation, to empower Indonesian SMEs, we recommend strategies such as achieving knowledge supremacy, creating an economic development board, as in Singapore, formulating comprehensive industry-wide policies, adopting omnibus laws, and implementing a shifting balance strategy. In other words, the Indonesian regulators should implement major reforms, which are similar to glasnost and perestroika in the former Soviet Union. This is to enhance Indonesian SMEs and achieve the goal of the Government of Indonesia (GoI) with respect to the optimal distinctiveness of Indonesia’s future economy. This optimal distinctiveness refers to the GoI’s policies, which focused on knowledge supremacy, an industry-wide regime, and research for empowerment.
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Choi, Nak Hwan, BADRAL NARAN, and TENG ZHUOQI. "The Mediators in the Effect of Social Identity Distinctiveness on Attitude towards Product Preferred by the In-Group Expended." Journal of Industrial Economics and Business 33, no. 1 (February 29, 2020): 181–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22558/jieb.2020.2.33.1.181.
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Batkovsky, A. M., P. A. Kalachykhin, Yu F. Telnov, and А. V. Fomina. "Assessment of the level of requirements to key competencies of enterprises under conditions of digital economy." Radio industry (Russia) 29, no. 3 (August 21, 2019): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21778/2413-9599-2019-29-3-91-99.
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The main subject of the research is the key competencies of innovation-active enterprises in the digital economy. Approach to the identification of core competencies of the enterprises on the basis of the inverse engineering of the requirements to competencies satisfying valuable characteristics of a product is formulated. It is proposed to consider the network enterprise as an intermediate link upon transition from the creation of the traditional enterprise to virtual. Decomposition of the value chain of the product into activities corresponding to the core competencies in the context of the network enterprise participants is executed. The technique of assessment of requirements to core competencies of the enterprises on the basis of comparison to the value offer on the creation of an innovative product is developed. Criteria of optimization of the network enterprise structure on the basis of estimates of the level of requirements to core competencies are developed. The distinctiveness of the study consists in the use of expert assessment methods, fuzzy logic, multisets, and multi-criteria optimization during its conducting. The practical implementation of the research results presented in this article will improve the efficiency of innovatively active enterprises.
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McGowan, Michael. "Four Dimensions of Diamond T: Combination Trade Marks of Colours And Shapes." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 37, no. 4 (November 1, 2006): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v37i4.5584.
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This article examines the relatively new fields of colour and shape trade marks. It was initially feared by some academics that the new marks would encroach on the realms of patent and copyright. However, the traditional requirements of trade mark law, such as functionality and descriptiveness, have meant that trade marks in colour and shape are extremely hard to acquire if they do not have factual distinctiveness. As colour and shape trade marks have no special restrictions, it is proposed that the combination trade mark theory and analysis from the Diamond T case should be used as a way to make them more accessible. The combination analysis can be easily applied because every product has a three dimensional shape and a fourth dimension of colour.
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Chen, Ting-Ting, Shih-Ju Wang, and Heng-Chiang Huang. "“Buy, buy most Americans buy”: country of reference (COR) effects and consumer purchasing decisions." International Marketing Review 37, no. 3 (May 5, 2020): 533–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-04-2018-0130.
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PurposeThe international marketing field has witnessed many studies related to “country of origin” (COO) effects or the “made in” concept over the past few decades. Yet COO research is deeply rooted in the so-called “production-related” approach, which mainly accounts for production- or technology-based factors. Barely considered is the “consumption-related” perspective, which reflects consumers' proclivity to base their buying decisions on foreigners' product choice. In this paper, we propose the “country of reference” (COR) concept, in which consumers deliberately imitate the product choices of consumers from another country, to whom the former (i.e. the imitators) attribute superior or more prestigious personas.Design/methodology/approachUnlike the made in concept, which emphasizes favored product qualities from superior manufacturing countries, we believe product preferences may arise from cross-border benchmarking or “cross-country referencing.” Pivoting on the optimal distinctiveness theory, this paper suggests a COR framework that incorporates the system justification theory and the self-discrepancy concept, along with decision heuristics and mental simulation effects. The proposed framework aims to explain consumers' inclination to “buy what certain foreigners buy.”FindingsWe suggest critical propositions related to the COR concept, discuss its marketing implications, and pinpoint further research issues.Originality/valueCOR may become a coping strategy through which low-status consumers perceiving themselves as less privileged than their high-status counterparts can narrow this gap by means of decision mimicking.
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Băcilă, Mihai F., Raluca Ciornea, Alexandra M. Drule, and Andreea M. Cohut. "Investigation of the Attitudes Towards Celebrities Endorsed Advertisements – Audience Groups Comparison." Marketing – from Information to Decision Journal 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/midj-2019-0006.
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Abstract The use of celebrities for endorsement activities is a well established part of the marketing communication strategy. Yet, the communication “playground” is changing as we witness significant changes in the channels used for information transmission (as digital dominate the traditional) and in the audience (as generations change, growing up in a digital world). More, removing the communications’ constraints of space and time, the Internet led to the emergence of a new type of celebrity that seems to surpass the traditional ones. In this context, research in the celebrities’ endorsement area is still of significant relevance. Although many studies focused on investigating the effect of celebrity endorsement over consumer attitudes and behaviour, only few examined how audience factors influence these relationships. Hence, the main objective of this paper is to establish the variations in attitudes towards celebrities endorsed advertisements, considering the consumers’ age, gender, income and celebrity-product fit importance. The findings revealed significant differences in attitudes based on consumers’ age, income and product-celebrity fit importance, yet no distinctiveness in case of gender.
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Magesh, S., and S. Vijayalakshmi. "Purchaser's Optimistic Response to Social Media Advertisements—A Data Mining Approach." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 16, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 664–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.7787.
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The paper aspires at discovering the most indispensable factors persuading customer reactions and purchasing commodities after observing online advertisements of social media and recognizing the distinctiveness of clusters of Purchaser having the optimistic reaction, over and above of buying customer clusters after analyzing online advertisement in social media. The selection of attribute and clustering techniques are incorporated in the analysis of data to find significant factors and target customer clusters correspondingly through data mining approach. It has been identifies that there is a strapping correlation between the advertisement being clicked on social media and the fulfillment with commodities, and amidst purchasing commodities online and saving information for supplementary deliberations. The findings also points out the characteristics of product and price Conscious clusters for Purchasers' reaction and procuring after seeing online social media advertisement.
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Petrović, Milica. "Legal conditions for the protection of three dimensional signs in trademark law." Pravo - teorija i praksa 38, no. 2 (2021): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ptp2102054p.
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The need to define three-dimensional trademarks and determine the conditions for their registration has arisen as a consequence of increasingly rapid technological development. The changes in the market and the changes in behaviour of economic entities have resulted in the use of signs for marking goods that differ significantly from the traditional trademarks. The concept of protection of a three-dimensional shape is relatively new and it is necessary to clearly define the conditions for its protection as a trademark. What causes a problem is the fact that the mark, in this case, represents the product itself, which implies that such signs of this sort lack distinctiveness, and it is not clear what is protected by that mark. The analysis of the afore-mentioned cases from practice, presented by the author, aims to show the differences in opinions of the courts regarding the criteria by which it will be assessed whether the condition of distinctiveness is satisfied in a specific case or not. The main reason for the lack of reliable criteria is the hasty regulation of unconventional signs and the lack of the harmonized, clear rules both at the level of the European Union and at the global level. The author considers it necessary for the World Trade Organization or the World Intellectual Property Organization to offer guidelines within which an adequate protection of unconventional signs will be provided at the national level in order to eliminate the state of legal uncertainty that may arise when applying for protection of three-dimensional signs.
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Karlsson, Christer, and Martin Sköld. "Specialization and commonalization in multi-branded manufacturing corporations." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 38, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 67–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-01-2016-0045.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify areas and issues for management to consider in balancing specialization and commonalization in large manufacturing corporations with multiple brands from a strategic R&D and manufacturing point of view. Design/methodology/approach Three global manufacturing corporations from the automotive sector are used as a strategic sample composing three sequential clinical research projects. The data come from complementary data-gathering methods combining documents and interviews and workshops with top executives, project leaders, platform managers and product brand managers, thus enabling triangulation. Findings The study shows that managing manufacturing corporations with multiple brands is not just on a scale between full specialization and full commonalization but instead has its own logic of categorizations and portfolio formations. In order to develop the value of the brand portfolio, management must simultaneously embrace and address a number of highly integrated corporate values and highly differentiated brand company values. Research limitations/implications This study contributes primarily by relating economy of scale in relation to the need for differentiation of products and brands that have different values, customers and market positions. A model for balancing commonalization and specialization provides several opportunities for further research and development; however, generalizations are issue and context specific. Practical implications The critical issues in balancing how to deal with specialization and commonalization in a company with multiple brands are explored and summarized in a framework for the practitioner to use in analyzing a real situation. Originality/value Previous literature focuses on the maximization of synergies within one brand, missing the specific dynamics of large manufacturing corporations with many entities, such as individual products and brands. This paper adds knowledge regarding how to balance synergies from commonalization with important objectives to preserve the specialization and distinctiveness of each product brand.
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HAY, COLIN. "Contemporary capitalism, globalization, regionalization and the persistence of national variation." Review of International Studies 26, no. 4 (October 2000): 509–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026021050000509x.
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The literatures on globalization and regionalization on the one hand, and on the institutional distinctiveness of national capitalisms on the other, seem to pull in very different directions. Nonetheless, an increasing number of international and comparative political economists sensitive to the institutional and cultural variability of contemporary capitalism identify tendencies towards convergence—often towards an Anglo-US model of deregulated neoliberal capitalism. In this article I critically review the literature on convergence, difference and divergence in the global political economy, differentiating between neoclassical and institutionalist perspectives. Resisting arguments which posit a natural selection process initiated by untrammelled free market competition and free capital mobility, I identify the contingent, political and frequently coercive nature of the convergence process. This is illustrated through a discussion of regional selection mechanisms in the context of European Monetary Union and the East Asian financial crisis. In so far as evolutionary selection mechanisms can be identified in the European context, selecting for a more residual social model, these are more a product of the contingent process of European economic integration than they are a necessary consequence of globalization. Moreover, in so far as similarly convergent processes can be identified in contemporary East Asia, they are less a product of globalization than of the ‘predatory neoliberalism’ of a beleagured Washington Consensus.
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Wickens, Eugenia. "The consumption of cultural experiences in city tourism." Tourism and Hospitality Research 17, no. 3 (May 2, 2016): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1467358416646606.
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Whilst considerable attention has been given to the role of cultural tourism in city development and the ‘gentrification’ of inner city areas, there has been little research into the experiences of cultural tourists. Past research shows that their experience is conceptualised as a ‘pre-programmed’ product made especially for mass consumption. It is often assumed that the commoditisation of urban tourism results in ‘standardised’ city environments, loss of culture and traditions, loss of place distinctiveness and subsequent loss of ‘authenticity’. According to this line of reasoning, cultural tourists consume ‘specimens of the artificial’ which are mass produced, predictable, standardised, superficial, and hence ‘inauthentic’. The central focus of this article is the ongoing debate concerning the consumption of tourists’ cultural experiences within the context of city tourism. Issues associated with the various dimensions of ‘authenticity’ that inform cultural tourism studies are critically assessed. Finally, by way of conclusion the article offers a fresh perspective for understanding the consumption of urban experiences.
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Winit, Warat, Gary Gregory, Mark Cleveland, and Peeter Verlegh. "Global vs local brands: how home country bias and price differences impact brand evaluations." International Marketing Review 31, no. 2 (April 8, 2014): 102–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-01-2012-0001.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to re-conceptualize the distinction between global and local brands, providing a more comprehensive framework, which considers both geographical distribution and ownership. It examines main and interactive effects of consumers’ perceptions of these factors, and studies how ethnocentrism (CET) and price affect brand evaluations, considering a range of price difference thresholds. Design/methodology/approach – A preliminary study (n=243) examined main and interaction effects of brand globalness and ownership on consumers’ brand quality attitudes and purchase intentions in four different product categories. The main study (n=558) further explored brand ownership effects by examining the interaction of CET and price differences. Findings – The preliminary study confirmed the distinctiveness of brand globalness and ownership. Consumers evaluated global (vs non-global) brands more positively, regardless of brand ownership (local vs foreign). The main study found that effects of price and CET varied considerably across product categories. Research limitations/implications – Limitations include the use of student samples from a single country (Thailand), and of scenarios instead of real life purchase decisions. Practical implications – The findings suggest that perceived brand globalness positively impacts brand evaluations. Companies may cultivate a global brand image by emphasizing global cues. Local origin allows (global) brands to command a price premium, although this varies across product categories. An emphasis on globalness seems valuable, especially for local brands. Originality/value – This research offers a refined conceptualization of brand globalness, a key construct in international marketing. Additional value is provided by studying price effects, which have received limited attention in international marketing, and substantial data collection (total N>800) in an understudied yet important economy (Thailand).
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Alston, Julian M., Kym Anderson, and Olena Sambucci. "Drifting Towards Bordeaux? The Evolving Varietal Emphasis of U.S. Wine Regions." Journal of Wine Economics 10, no. 3 (December 2015): 349–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jwe.2015.29.
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AbstractIn an ever-more-competitive global market, vignerons compete for the attention of consumers by trying to differentiate their product while also responding to technological advances, climate changes and evolving demand patterns. In doing so, they highlight their regional and varietal distinctiveness. This paper examines the extent to which the winegrape varietal mix varies within and among states of the United States and relative to the rest of the world, and how that picture has been evolving. It reports varietal intensity indexes for different regions, indexes of similarity of varietal mix between regions and over time, and price-based quality indexes across regions and varieties within and among the three west-coast States. Broadly speaking, the mix of winegrape varieties in the United States is not very different from that in the rest of the world and, since 2000, it has become even less differentiated and closer to that of France and the world as a whole. But individual U.S. regions vary considerably in the mix of varieties in which they specialize and in the quality of grapes they produce of a given variety; and region-by-variety interactions have complex influences on the pattern of quality and production. We use measures of regional varietal comparative advantage and a Nerlovian partial adjustment model to account for some of the shifting varietal patterns in the U.S. vineyard and in winegrape production. (JEL Classification: D24, L66, Q13)
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Zajc Petranovic, Matea, Zeljka Tomas, Tatjana Skaric-Juric, Nina Smolej Narancic, Branka Janicijevic, Anita Stojanovic Markovic, and Marijana Pericic Salihovic. "The variability of multi-drug resistance ABCB1 gene in the Roma population from Croatia." Molecular and experimental biology in medicine 2, no. 1 (April 4, 2019): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33602/mebm.2.1.2.
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When overexpressed, a large transmembrane P-glycoprotein, the product of the ABCB1 gene, is a notable impediment to brain-targeted therapies (like antiepileptics) and chemotherapies. Some of the genetic biomarkers with evidence of multi-drug resistance in ABCB1 ― rs1045642, rs1128503, and rs3213619 ― were analyzed in 440 subjects, members of three socio-culturally different Roma (Gypsy) groups of Croatia. Minor allele frequencies (MAFs) of rs1045642 and rs1128503 were the highest in the Balkan Roma (63.6% and 69.4%, respectively) when compared to the Baranja (52.3% and 62.5%) and the Međimurje Roma (48.8% and 54.5%) (p=0.0005 and p=0.0011, respectively). rs3213619 was monomorphic in the Međimurje group, while its MAFs in other two Roma groups were very low (<1.9%). The distribution of five detected haplotypes (four in the Međimurje group) significantly differed between the Roma subpopulations (p<0.0001), just like the frequencies of diplotypes (p=0.0008). At a global scale, the positive relationship between genetic and geographic distances between the 21 investigated populations indicates isolation by spatial distance. However, this is not true for the relationship between Roma and other populations due to their population history. The analyzed ABCB1 loci indicate genetic distinctiveness of the Roma population.
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Jeffery, David W. "Spotlight on Varietal Thiols and Precursors in Grapes and Wines." Australian Journal of Chemistry 69, no. 12 (2016): 1323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch16296.
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Wine is an amazingly complex natural product that requires dedicated scientists to resolve many of its mysteries. Traditional synthetic organic chemistry and modern analytical techniques are powerful tools at the disposal of wine chemists who tackle the complexities of wine in order to improve scientific understanding and provide practical solutions to industry. Part of this quest for knowledge relates to maintaining or improving wine quality, which underpins consumer acceptance and links to the competitiveness of wineries in a global market. Wine aroma is an important aspect of wine quality and garners much attention from researchers. Grape-derived aroma compounds are one area of particular importance owing to their distinctiveness and ability to impart ‘varietal aromas’ to wines. Varietal thiols imparting tropical and citrus notes that are characteristic of wines such as Sauvignon Blanc have emerged, along with their grape-derived precursors, as an area of interest over the past two decades. These compounds have also caught our attention and we have made some important contributions to this field, including identifying new precursors, developing novel analytical methods, and conducting studies that provide unique insights into the biochemical transformations occurring in grape berries and juice, and during fermentation.
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Bertodo, R. G. "On the Deployment of Automotive Engineers." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 203, no. 1 (January 1989): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1989_203_143_02.
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British automotive design philosophies, engineering traditions, organizational structures and managerial practices have been geared to the generally recognizable European product concept. This distinctiveness has been eroding due to the convergence of Japanese and North American trends towards European values. Regaining the competitive edge has become the challenge facing the industry. The present paper describes a determined attempt to do so. Earlier investigations had shown that, in automotive engineering, the attainment of customer-perceived superb ‘quality’ was the only assurance of market acceptability and competitiveness. Traditional design methodologies were demonstrated as inadequate and incapable of ensuring the attainment of product attributes in line with end-user needs and expectations. The subsequent evaluation of an alternative design logic indicated the need for a reappraisal of the engineering culture. The organizational, managerial and operational changes necessary to implement this new philosophy are described in detail. A preliminary quantification of the benefits reaped are presented. Scope for further improvement is shown to exist. Although the transition was broadly successful, different areas showed different rates of progress. This highlighted the need for a commonality of ethos, objectives, goals and understanding by all. Apprehension and discomfort was encountered at all levels, but was particularly evident among middle management. This underlined the importance of mutual trust, good communications and appropriate training. The continuing evolution of the automotive industry and the pressing challenge of competition will force ongoing changes in engineering organizations to meet new market needs. The likely directions of such changes in the management of automotive engineering work are outlined.
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Oppong, Peter Kwasi, and Maxwell A. Phiri. "The Influence of Packaging and Brand Equity on Over-The-Counter Herbal Medicines in Kumasi, Ghana." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 5(J) (November 3, 2018): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i5(j).2498.
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In today`s competitive business environment, packaging and brand equity provide a competitive advantage to a firm which may increase and maintain its market share. However, the role of packaging in supporting the brand equity is relatively new in the over-the-counter pharmaceutical market and currently, there is a lack of empirical research to uncover its significance in this product segment. This paper seeks to investigate the impact of packaging on brand equity through the mediating effect of dimensions of brand equity in the over-the-counter drug market in Kumasi metropolis. Based on Aaker`s customer-based brand equity model, eight hypotheses were formulated and tested through structural equation modelling. Using systematic sampling, data was collected through survey questionnaires from a sample of 348 consumers who patronize in herbal medicines from herbal stores in Kumasi Metropolis. The study found that packaging significantly contributes to support brand equity of plant medicines through the mediating effect of brand awareness, brand association and brand loyalty. These results indicate that brand managers in the plant medicine industry need to consider packaging as an important brand-building tool in their marketing strategy to enhance brand equity in the over-the-counter pharmaceutical market. This will enh0ance their competitive distinctiveness in the over-the-counter market.
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Nallasamy, Soundiraraj, and Rajasekaran Vairamani. "Analysis and Performance Evaluation of Control Methods for LLC Resonant Converter." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 15, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 685–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2018.7144.
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An LLC resonant dc to dc converter in the company of an LC ant resonant tank circuit for civilizing the act of pulse frequency modulation (PFM) is projected in this manuscript. The planned converter, known as LLC-LC converter, can expand a voltage guideline area below the unity gain with a lesser frequency variation of Pulse frequency modulation by the effect of the antiresonant tank. This beneficial possessions contribute for shielding over current in the case of the short-circuit load condition as well as the bring into being interval in the planned band of switching frequency. The circuit topology and working theory of the planned converter is described, subsequent to the design method of the working frequency and circuit parameters are offered. The performance of the soft switch and the steady-state pulse frequency modulation distinctiveness of the LLC-LC converter are evaluated underneath the open-loop control in conduct experiment of a 2.0-kiloWatts trial product, and its real effectiveness is compared with an LLC converter model. Intended for enlightening the usefulness of the LLC-LC resonant circuit, voltages and currents of the series and ant resonant tanks are analyzed, correspondingly, with state-plane trajectory based on computation and experimentation, where by the power and energy of resonant tank is verified. To conclude, the possibility of the projected converter is evaluate from the realistic point of vision.
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Stevenage, Sarah V. "Can caricatures really produce distinctiveness effects?" British Journal of Psychology 86, no. 1 (February 1995): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1995.tb02550.x.
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Bonev, Martin, Michael Wörösch, and Lars Hvam. "Utilizing platforms in industrialized construction." Construction Innovation 15, no. 1 (January 5, 2015): 84–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-04-2014-0023.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the development of a platform-based project execution in the industrialised construction sector, with a focus on systematically balancing cost and value. Offering custom-tailored buildings at reasonable costs has been a growing concern for many construction companies. A promising approach adapted by operations management and design theory regards individual building projects as the adjustment and recombination of components and processes from a set of predefined platforms, while configuration systems assure feasible building solutions. Design/methodology/approach – After adapting some of the underlying assertions of platform design to the engineer-to-order (ETO) situation in construction, the practical implications are evaluated on a case study of a precast manufacturer using high performance concrete. Findings – Based on empirical findings from three distinct platform strategies, this research highlights key aspects of adapting platform-based developed theory to industrialised construction. Building projects use different layers of product, process and logistics platforms to form the right cost – value ratio for the target market application, while modelling methods map structural platform characteristics so as to balance commonality and distinctiveness. Originality/value – This paper proposes a general theory of platform-based development and execution in the industrialised construction sector, which goes beyond concurrent approaches of standardising and systemising buildings projects. It adapts and extends established frameworks for platform development to the ETO situation in construction and empirically validates their cost and value effects.
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Antunes, André, Fred A. Rainey, Gerhard Wanner, Marco Taborda, Jürgen Pätzold, M. Fernanda Nobre, Milton S. da Costa, and Robert Huber. "A New Lineage of Halophilic, Wall-Less, Contractile Bacteria from a Brine-Filled Deep of the Red Sea." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 10 (March 7, 2008): 3580–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01860-07.
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ABSTRACT A novel strictly anaerobic bacterium designated strain SSD-17BT was isolated from the hypersaline brine-sediment interface of the Shaban Deep, Red Sea. Cells were pleomorphic but usually consisted of a central coccoid body with one or two “tentacle-like” protrusions. These protrusions actively alternated between a straight, relaxed form and a contracted, corkscrew-like one. A peptidoglycan layer was not detected by electron microscopy. The organism forms “fried-egg”-like colonies on MM-X medium. The organism is strictly anaerobic and halophilic and has an optimum temperature for growth of about 30 to 37°C and an optimum pH of about 7. Nitrate and nitrite are reduced; lactate is a fermentation product. The fatty acid profile is dominated by straight saturated and unsaturated chain compounds. Menaquinone 4 is the major respiratory quinone. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated strain SSD-17BT represents a novel and distinct lineage within the radiation of the domain Bacteria. The branching position of strain SSD-17BT was equidistant to the taxa considered to be representative lineages of the phyla Firmicutes and Tenericutes (with its sole class Mollicutes). The phenotypic and phylogenetic data clearly show the distinctiveness of this unusual bacterium, and we therefore propose that strain SSD-17BT (= DSM 18853 = JCM 14575) represents a new genus and a new species, for which we recommend the name Haloplasma contractile gen. nov., sp. nov. We are also of the opinion that the organism represents a new order-level taxon, for which we propose the name Haloplasmatales.
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Tu, Rungting, Wenting Feng, Cheryl Lin, and Pikuei Tu. "Read into the lines: the positive effects of queues." Journal of Service Theory and Practice 28, no. 5 (September 10, 2018): 661–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstp-07-2017-0119.
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PurposeCompanies work hard to reduce queue lengths due to the common belief that queues in general are undesirable. Extant literature mainly has focused on the negative consequences of queues and overlooked the potential positive effects. The purpose of this paper is to address the benefits of queues by examining how consumers of different segments may read into the lines (queues) as well as why and when positive effects occur.Design/methodology/approachApplying and integrating psychology and marketing theories, the study develops a model with several propositions to identify and explain the mechanism and conditions under which queues have positive effects.FindingsContrary to conventional belief, queues may serve as positive signs. In certain segments, consumers can perceive a queue as a reflection of superior service/product quality, an opportunity to fulfill the need(s) for self-uniqueness or social inclusion or an avenue to avoid social exclusion. In addition, the benefits of long queues may come from consumers’ joining a line to seek desirable outcomes/gains based on their attribution of the queue, and consumers’ prefactual thinking that regards “not joining” the queue as potential losses. Furthermore, the magnitude of such effects depends on queue distinctiveness, choice heterogeneity, consumption hedonism and performance uncertainty.Originality/valueThis paper explains how, why and when a long queue can be read as positive cues and benefits both the firms and target/potential consumers. The authors demonstrate the psychological mechanisms of joining a queue based on attribution and prefactual thinking, and identify conditions under which positive queue effects are most likely to occur.
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Verdonk, Naomi, John Wilkinson, Julie Culbert, Renata Ristic, Karma Pearce, and Kerry Wilkinson. "Toward a model of sparkling wine purchasing preferences." International Journal of Wine Business Research 29, no. 1 (March 13, 2017): 58–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwbr-10-2015-0048.
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Purpose This paper aims to provide further insight into factors influencing Australian consumers’ purchasing preferences for sparkling wine, including champagne. Design/methodology/approach Focus groups were conducted and thematic analysis was undertaken to identify factors influencing sparkling wine consumers’ purchasing preferences. Findings Personal taste was found to influence choice of a sparkling wine rather than another type of beverage, and selection of a particular style and brand of sparkling wine. Country or region of origin was found to be important, often linked to the product being champagne. Brand image, reputation and symbolism were found to influence purchase decisions (sometimes linked to consumption occasion), especially for purchases of gifts. Advice, recommendations and expert reviews, and consumption occasion also were found to influence purchase decisions. Price was found to influence style and brand of sparkling wine purchased. A high price was found to be a barrier for some participants, while other participants were found to avoid sparkling wines priced below some particular level. Thematic analysis enabled development of a preliminary model of purchasing preferences. Research limitations/implications Being exploratory in nature, findings cannot be generalised. Further studies are required to confirm the preliminary model and to evaluate the validity and significance of proposed relationships. Practical implications Findings suggest a producer could benefit from marketing a range of sparkling wines to cater to different tastes, occasions and gift purchases. Findings also confirm the importance of marketers pursuing opportunities to obtain and promote favourable expert reviews for their sparkling wines, and of identifying and promoting regional distinctiveness. Originality/value The first comprehensive model of sparkling wine consumers’ purchasing preferences has been developed. Empirical testing would enable refinement and enhance understanding.
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Kim, Hyunji, Sun-Young Park, and Won-IL Joh. "A Study on Technology Development Performance and Technology Commercialization Performance According to the Technology Development Capability of SMEs Focusing on a Comparative Analysis of Technology Business Groups." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 5, no. 3 (August 30, 2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc5030065.
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Recently, a lot of small- and mid-sized companies have emerged through continuous technological development and start-up successes despite insufficient scales and resources compared to medium companies or conglomerates in fierce market competition. Technological development capability, which is required to acquire, select, or utilize source technology for company competitiveness, becomes the competitive edge and key capability to gain distinctiveness. Accordingly, the objective of this research was to investigate the influential factors on performance by suggesting technological development results and technology commercialization as the outcome of technological development capability and to identify the capability required for successful technological development performance and technology commercialization for companies through previous academic research. Moreover, the study aimed to investigate performance differences according to technology business groups by dividing the groups into high-technology companies, medium-technology companies, and low-technology companies. As a result of the analysis, among the indicators constituting technological development capability, manpower in technological development and technological development-specialized research centers had a positive influence on the product competitiveness of technological development performance. Also, technological development expenses and technology skill levels were verified to have positive impacts on the technology competitiveness of technological development performance. As for technology commercialization performance, the more manpower that is in research and development, the higher the sales amounts by technological development; also, the higher the technology skill levels, the higher the export amounts by technological development. Moreover, technology business groups had differences in performance. This research has significance in focusing on the influence of the technological development capability of companies on technological development performance and technology commercialization performance. Future research is expected to draw new variations different from the analysis results from existing studies by setting variations, investigating complementary relationships among variations in detail, and utilizing statistical techniques that can control mutual relationships among variations.
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Wibowo, Ari, and Teguh Pribadi Adinugroho. "PERLUNYA NATIONAL DIFFERENCES DALAM SNI PRODUK TUSUK KONTAK DAN KOTAK KONTAK." Jurnal Standardisasi 17, no. 1 (August 31, 2016): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31153/js.v17i1.292.
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<p>Abstrak<br />Tusuk kontak dan kotak kontak adalah perangkat yang memungkinkan peralatan yang dioperasikan secara elektrik dihubungkan pada sumber listrik di sebuah instalasi listrik dalam bangunan. Saat ini terdapat berbagai model tusuk kontak dan kotak kontak di seluruh dunia, sekurang-kurangnya terdapat 14 jenis bahkan 20 jenis dan antar negara memiliki karakter dasar tersendiri yang antara lain terkait dengan geografi, iklim, teknologi, infrastruktur, sosial dan budaya. Kekhasan atau karakterteristik unik yang menyebabkan sesuatu yang dimiliki oleh negara tersebut menjadi berbeda dengan yang dimiliki oleh kebanyakan negara lain ini biasa disebut sebagai National Differences (ND). Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah mengidentifikasi potensi perlunya national differences untuk produk tusuk kontak dan kotak kontak untuk dapat diusulkan dalam persyaratan mutu Standar Nasional Indonesia yang diadopsi dari standar IEC. Studi ini mengolah data primer dan data sekunder dengan analisa kualitatif deskriptif. Data sekunder diperoleh dari identifikasi SNI, IEC dan data penunjang lainnya terkait produk tusuk kontak dan kotak kontak, sedangkan data primer melalui diskusi dengan anggota Panitia Teknis bidang kelistrikan dan praktisi. Diperoleh hasil potensi national differences untuk produk tusuk kontak dan kotak kontak adalah bentuk dan ukuran yang dilengkapi dengan pembumian, uji kandungan kimia berbahaya, pemberian penutup (shutter) dan uji ketahanan terhadap rayap.<br />Kata Kunci: SNI, national differences, tusuk kontak dan kotak kontak.</p><p><br />Abstract<br />Plug and socket are devices that allows electrically operated equipment connected to the power source in a building. Currently there are various models of plugs and socket-outlets all over the world , there are at least 14-20 types. Each country have the basic character of its own which are related to geography, climate, technology, infrastructure, social and cultural. Distinctiveness or unique characteristic that causes something that is owned by a state to be different to that of most other countries is commonly referred to as the National Differences (ND). The purpose of this study is to identify potential national differences for plug and socket to be proposed in SNI adopted from the IEC standard. The study process the primary data and secondary data with qualitative descriptive analysis. Secondary data were obtained from the identification of SNI, IEC and other supporting data related product plug and socket, while the primary data gained through discussions with members of the Technical Committee and the practioner. The results obtained indicate the potential national differences in product plugs and socket are: different shapes and sizes equipped with earthing, dangerous chemical substances testing, need of shutter and resistance to termites.<br />Keywords: SNI, national differences, plug and socket.</p>