Academic literature on the topic 'Product distinctiveness'
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Journal articles on the topic "Product distinctiveness"
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Ghosh, Arghya, and Hodaka Morita. "Competitor collaboration and product distinctiveness." International Journal of Industrial Organization 30, no. 2 (March 2012): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2011.07.003.
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Moisă, Claudia Olimpia. "The Distinctiveness Of The Youth Travel Product." Annales Universitatis Apulensis Series Oeconomica 2, no. 12 (December 31, 2010): 638–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29302/oeconomica.2010.12.2.16.
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Fu, Ruiheng, and Wei Xu. "How social exclusion and high self-esteem negatively affect consumer attitudes toward anthropomorphized products." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 49, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.9604.
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Empirical studies have demonstrated that the anthropomorphism of products has positive effects on consumers' attitudes and behaviors toward those products. However, our findings in two experiments suggest that product anthropomorphism might produce negative effects under certain conditions. People who were socially excluded and who had high self-esteem evaluated anthropomorphized products more negatively than did those with low self-esteem, and the distinctiveness motivation mediated the effect of this interaction of social exclusion and self-esteem on attitudes toward anthropomorphized products. Our findings extend extant knowledge of product anthropomorphism and provide marketing managers with practical suggestions for applying marketing strategies that utilize anthropomorphized products.
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Hyun, Jae Hoon, and Suk Bong Choi. "Consumer purchase intention of a cosmetic product after the Fukushima nuclear incident." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 46, no. 4 (April 5, 2018): 551–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.6676.
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We examined the factors affecting consumer purchase intention of a cosmetic product after the Fukushima nuclear incident and the role of distinctiveness in postcrisis recovery. Through a 2-group experiment and structural equation modeling, we found that the incident did not affect the firm's reputation and brand image but it was perceived as a significant threat to health and product safety that consequently negatively affected purchasing intentions. Findings also showed that high distinctiveness is a valid factor in diminishing the impact of crisis. In particular, a firm's reputation and indirect effects on revenue are least affected by, or even positively related to distinctiveness. We have included discussion of the critical implications for firms around the importance of maintaining desirable relationships with the public as preparation for a crisis and for rapid postcrisis recovery.
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Phoenix, Gregory M., Michael J. Kalsher, and Matthew V. Champagne. "Allocation of Responsibility for Injuries Sustained from the Use of Technologically-Mediated Consumer Products." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 41, no. 1 (October 1997): 400–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107118139704100188.
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Kelly's (1972) theory of causal attribution was used as a basis for assessing how participants allocated responsibility for injuries sustained in four fictitious product-use scenarios. Each scenario described an injury (mild or severe) that occurred during the use of a consumer product that was mediated by a computerized device. Different versions of each product-use scenario were created to account for manipulations of consensus, consistency, distinctiveness, and injury type. Results showed that participants' overall scores of attribution allocations were consistent with Kelly's attributional model and McArthur's (1972) findings. In situations of low consensus, high consistency, and low distinctiveness, participants made internal causal attributions; and for situations of high consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness, participants made external attributions. The manipulation of accident severity (mild or severe) had no significant effect on attributional tendencies. The availability of a product-use warning was associated with a greater tendency to attribute responsibility for the injury to the consumer. Implications of these results are discussed and suggestions for further research are offered.
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Jia, Jayson Shi, Baba Shiv, and Sanjay Rao. "The Product-Agnosia Effect: How More Visual Impressions Affect Product Distinctiveness in Comparative Choice." Journal of Consumer Research 41, no. 2 (August 1, 2014): 342–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/676600.
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Mazzelli, Ambra, Josip Kotlar, and Alfredo De Massis. "Blending In While Standing Out: Selective Conformity and New Product Introduction in Family Firms." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 42, no. 2 (January 10, 2018): 206–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1042258717748651.
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Research on the conformity-distinctiveness trade-off in family firms is divided. Examining the product innovations of Spanish manufacturing firms between 1998 and 2012, we hypothesize that family and nonfamily firms conform selectively and are driven by different motivations. Family firms align with their closest peers to avoid social losses while nonfamily firms conform to firms with different attributes to pursue social gains. Moreover, propensity to conform leads to more substantive organizational responses in family firms. We contribute to understanding how family firms navigate the conformity-distinctiveness trade-off, unveil the cognitive dimension of conformity, and address the puzzling evidence on family firm innovation.
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Kvam, Gunn-Turid, Trine Magnus, and Egil Petter Stræte. "Product strategies for growth in niche food firms." British Food Journal 116, no. 4 (April 1, 2014): 723–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-06-2011-0168.
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Purpose – The aim of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of growth processes of speciality food firms and how these processes influence the producers' perception of quality demands of the products. Design/methodology/approach – A case study approach was chosen covering four specialty food companies in Norway. This explorative study was conducted from the producer's perspective. Findings – Results show that, as part of growth processes, firms invest in different activities to strengthen the quality of their products to achieve distinctiveness in more competitive markets. The most important quality that contributes to distinctiveness and increased value seems to be traditional handicraft production processes. In some cases, expensive and time-consuming processes are invested in developing qualities that are not transformed into higher value in the market. Research limitations/implications – The number of cases is too small for statistical analysis, but this explorative case study may provide a basis for a survey of a larger sample of firms. Practical implications – The study indicates a need for companies to gain more knowledge about consumers' preferences and behaviour, and to develop product qualities and market communication accordingly. Originality/value – Research is scarce on obstacles to growth in specialty food firms. This study contributes important knowledge to enhance further development of the industry.
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Backovic, Vera, and Irena Petrovic. "Ethical consumption in Serbia: Analysing its prevalence and distinctiveness." Sociologija 63, no. 2 (2021): 381–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc2102381b.
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Ethical consumption refers to the conscious decision of individuals to purchase or decline to purchase particular goods, in which their choice is guided by certain values rather than financial considerations. In this case, the decision to purchase a product (buycott) or to avoid purchasing a product (boycott) does not depend on price or availability but is instead an expression of moral attitudes, cultural preferences and distinct lifestyle choices. This paper analyses the prevalence of ethical consumption in Serbia, as well as the impact of the following factors on ethical consumption: demographic and socio-economic factors (gender, age, education, place of residence, economic status, occupation and employment status); trust in institutions (national and supranational); level of interest in politics (as well as assessment of ability to influence politics but also assessment of the ?openness? of the political system to citizen participation); political activism and political orientation and values. The analysis is based on the data of the European Social Survey (ESS) conducted in 2018.
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Rice, Tom W., William P. McLean, and Amy J. Larsen. "Southern Distinctiveness over Time, 1972-2000." American Review of Politics 23 (July 1, 2002): 193–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2374-7781.2002.23.0.193-220.
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Scholars have long been interested in the cultural differences between the southern United States and the rest of the nation. In this study we update and extend earlier work in this area by comparing and tracking the responses of southerners and non-southerners to over 75 questions from the 1972-2000 cumulative General Social Surveys. The analyses generate four conclusions. First, the attitudes and behaviors of southerners are more conservative than those of non-southerners in many areas, including race, gender, religion, sex, social capital, and tolerance. Second, the magnitude of these regional differences remains about the same regardless of whether we compare all southerners and non-southerners or just white southerners and non-southerners. This suggests that Southern culture is not just a “white” southern culture as many scholars have argued in the past. Third, the differences between southerners and non-southerners persist, although often to a lesser degree, after controlling for structural variables such as education, income, and urbanity. The implication is that southern distinctiveness is a product of both deep-seeded cultural differences and structural differences between regions. Fourth, there is very little evidence that regional differences have declined over the past quarter century, challenging those who contend that southern culture is in retreat.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Product distinctiveness"
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Luechaikajohnpan, Pinijsorn Economics Australian School of Business UNSW. "Collaboration and international trade." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Economics, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40905.
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Over the last two decades there has been a tremendous increase in collaboration among competing firms. A significant number of these collaborations are international. This thesis explores the incentives and welfare consequences of collaboration in the context of international trade. We consider two types of cross-border collaborations. The first is collaboration by sharing a part of firms' value creating activities, such as technology development, product design and distribution. This saves on production costs but reduces product distinctiveness. Firms collaborate if and only if the reduction in product distinctiveness is lower than a threshold level. We find that the threshold increases with an increase in trade costs. That is, an increase in trade costs makes collaboration more likely. Higher trade cost lowers competition, which in turn enables the firms to save on fixed costs while forgoing some product distinctiveness. Furthermore, we demonstrate that contrary to standard intuition, higher trade cost could enhance consumers' welfare by inducing competitors to collaborate. We extend our model to endogenise location choice by the firms where collaboration requires co-location (due to the benefit of local spillovers or joint investment in key infrastructures). Unlike the original model, we find that an increase in trade costs can discourage collaboration. In both circumstances, we find that an increase in trade cost can improve consumer surplus. The second type of collaboration considered in this thesis is licensing. We extend the standard licensing literature to an environment where firms compete in the domestic as well as foreign market. We examine how trade cost affects the licensing decision as well as the optimal payment mechanism. We find that an increase in trade costs reduces the possibility of licensing. Concerning the payment mechanism, we find that (i) either royalty or (ii) a two-part tariff (involving a fixed fee as well as royalty payments) is optimal. An increase in trade costs reduces the likelihood of royalty only being the optimal payment mechanism.
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Truong, Thi Lan Huong. "Quelle place pour la typicité locale et l'authenticité dans l'expérience touristique : le cas de Dalat, station de montagne au Vietnam Exploiting local distinctiveness in tourism product development: the case of Dalat, Vietnam Destination distinctiveness: Concept, measurement, and impact on tourist satisfaction Integrating destination’s distinctiveness into local suppliers’ touristic offer La place des espaces ruraux périphériques dans la construction par et pour le tourisme de l’identité de la région de Dalat (Vietnam)." Thesis, Avignon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AVIG1189.
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La ressource territoriale, parce qu'elle permet de réactiver l'identité locale, et constitue un objet d'action locale, peut être considérée comme un construit social qui participe à la reconstruction et à la spécification de la destination touristique, qui ajoute de la valeur et contribue à des expériences mémorables pour les touristes. L’objectif de cette thèse est de comprendre le rôle et la place que jouent la typicité locale et l’authenticité dans les expériences des touristes. Cette thèse présente la particularité de se situer au croisement de la géographie du tourisme, de la sociologie compréhensive et de l’économie territoriale.Le recours à l'approche pluridisciplinaire favorise un regard croisé sur la typicité locale et l’authenticité et sur leur place dans le cadre d’un processus de construction de l’identité territoriale auquel participent différents acteurs du tourisme. Les expériences touristiques seront envisagées des deux côtés : côté de l’offre et côté de la demande.Sur le plan théorique, cette thèse a éclairci le concept de typicité locale (local distinctiveness) en analysant ses relations avec l’authenticité et l’identité locale ou territoriale dans la logique du développement territorial en lien avec le tourisme. Cette étude propose aussi un cadre conceptuel de la notion d’expérience touristique globale de la destination en comparant les points de vue de l’offre et de la demande. Un cadre d’analyse de la gouvernance territoriale autour de la construction identitaire basée sur la typicité locale apporte une perspective de valorisation de la ressource territoriale spécifique en tourisme. Sur le plan méthodologique, cette thèse propose une échelle de mesure sous forme d’une grille d’identification avec des méthodes standardisées pour repérer, identifier et évaluer les caractères et attributs potentiellement typiques d’une destination qui s’ajoute à la littérature croissante consacrée aux attributs des destinations touristiques.L’application empirique se fait à travers une étude de cas en profondeur de la ville de Dalat, station de montagne de la partie méridionale du Vietnam, fondée dès l’époque coloniale, en mobilisant différentes sources de données. Elle montre le rôle et la place de la typicité locale et de l’authenticité dans les expériences touristiques de destination. Le fait d’analyser les différentes stratégies de valorisation de la typicité locale dans le processus de construction identitaire reposant sur la préservation et l'intensification des éléments physiques, la diversification des activités humaines (y compris touristiques) et la construction de l’image, à travers différentes période de développement de la ville, apporte des évidences empiriques pour le modèle conceptuel proposé concernant la gouvernance territorialeThe territorial resource, by reactivating the local identity, and constituting the local action object, can be considered as a social construct that participates in the reconstruction and the specification of the destination which adds value and contributes to memorable tourism experience. The aim of this thesis is to understand the role and the place that local distinctiveness and authenticity play in the tourist experience. This thesis presents the peculiarity of being at the crossroads of the geography of tourism, of comprehensive sociology and of the territorial economy. The use of the multidisciplinary approach favors a cross-examination of local distinctiveness and authenticity and their place in the process of constructing territorial identity with the participation of various tourism stakeholders. Tourism experiences will be considered from both sides: supply side and demand side.Concerning theoretical insights, this thesis has clarified the concept of local distinctiveness by analyzing its relationship with authenticity and local or territorial identity in the logic of territorial development in relation to tourism. In addition, this study provides a conceptual framework of the notion of the destination's overall tourism experience by comparing the supply and demand perspectives. A framework of territorial governance analysis around the construction of identity based on the local distinctiveness brings a perspective of valorization of the specific territorial resource in tourism.Methodologically, this thesis proposes a measurement scale in the form of an identification grid with standardized methods to identify, identify and evaluate potential typical characters of a destination in order to figure out the most unique and distinctive attributes, which adds to the growing literature devoted to destination attributes.The empirical application through an in-depth case study of Dalat city, a mountain resort in the Central Highlands of Vietnam, founded in the colonial era, by mobilizing different data sources, has shown the role and the place of local distinctiveness and authenticity in destination tourist experiences. The analysis of the different strategies of valorization of the local distinctiveness in the process of construction of identity through the preservation and the intensification of the physical elements, the diversification of the human activities (including tourism) and the construction of the destination image through different historical periods of the city provides empirical evidences for the proposed conceptual framework concerning the territorial governance
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Zima, Jiří. "Právní otázky reklamního trhu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-73486.
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Thesis deals with product placement in Czech marketing practice in the light of existence of regulations given by EC directive 2007/65/EC. It arbitrates alternatives of product placement regulation ban as it works now or liberalization under restrictive conditions.
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Steyn, Ettiene. "Brand distinctiveness of a new trade name for MC Design & Contracting." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97361.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study aimed to answer the question whether a change of trade name would affect the brand distinctiveness of MC Design & Contracting. MC Design & Contracting is a small to medium-sized enterprise based in Port Elizabeth, South Africa. The business falls within a segment of the manufacturing sector known as the engineering sector. The business manufactures and installs engineered production facilities and components to industrial markets. As MC Design & Contracting is based in the Eastern Cape where the majority of South African automotive manufacturers are situated, it has a strong reliance on the automotive industry. In an attempt to break this single industry reliance, MC Design & Contracting management has deployed customer diversification strategies. The brand MC Design & Contracting is unique and the business therefore has achieved brand distinctiveness within its industry sector. The customer differentiation strategy requires marketing and sales personnel to target new customers that are not familiar with the business. As a promotional aspect of business-to-business marketing, the element of personal selling plays an important role. The salesforce and marketing personnel felt that the trade name of the business, MC Design & Contracting, was no longer aligned with its customer value proposition. They considered the trade name to be a distraction to the selling and promotions process. In order to assess the impact of a trade name change, MC Design & Contracting’s board requested an independent study dealing with the matter. This study set out to establish the various elements relating to the design of a trade name, including the procedural and legal requirements within a South African context. The ultimate goal of branding is for a business to achieve a degree of ‘uniqueness’ over its competitors. Referred to as ‘brand distinctiveness’, this study explored how trade names relate to brand distinctiveness. The study utilised a qualitative research methodology in the form of semi-structured interviews to gather data from internal and external stakeholders of MC Design & Contracting. The study found that MC Design & Contracting has a distinctive brand, but its trade name is no longer relevant. Furthermore, the study suggests that a change of trade name would affect both brand recognition and brand distinctiveness. The study concludes with recommendations to MC Design & Contracting’s board of directors. The recommendations revolve around the process of selecting an effective trade name that contains an element of distinctiveness. It also deals with the element of brand protection by suggesting the registration of a trademark.
Books on the topic "Product distinctiveness"
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Geismer, Lily. Grappling with Growth. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691157238.003.0005.
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This chapter looks at how the issues of open space and environmental protection revealed the tension between the structural processes of growth that had produced Route 128 and its suburbs and the ideology of historical and liberal distinctiveness of many of the residents along its ring. The area was considered “unique and special”—an outlook which propelled a genuine concern about the environmental degradation advanced by postwar suburbanization. Yet the localist measures that residents took to protect their communities elevated both a sense of their own distinctiveness and a focus on their own individual standard of living and quality of life, further obscuring an acknowledgment of their role in perpetuating many of the problems of environmental and social inequality.
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White, Robert E. Soils for Fine Wines. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195141023.001.0001.
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In recent years, viticulture has seen phenomenal growth, particularly in such countries as Australia, New Zealand, the United States, Chile, and South Africa. The surge in production of quality wines in these countries has been built largely on the practice of good enology and investment in high technology in the winery, enabling vintners to produce consistently good, even fine wines. Yet less attention has been paid to the influence of vineyard conditions on wines and their distinctiveness-an influence that is embodied in the French concept of terroir. An essential component of terroir is soil and the interaction between it, local climate, vineyard practices, and grape variety on the quality of grapes and distinctiveness of their flavor. This book considers that component, providing basic information on soil properties and behavior in the context of site selection for new vineyards and on the demands placed on soils for grape growth and production of wines. Soils for Fine Wines will be of interest to professors and upper-level students in enology, viticulture, soils and agronomy as well as wine enthusiasts and professionals in the wine industry.
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Geismer, Lily. No Ordinary Suburbs. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691157238.003.0002.
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This chapter shows how structural processes, policies, and national trends intersected with the particular history, geography, and reputation of the Boston area to produce the set of juxtapositions—between history and progress, tradition and technology, open-mindedness and exclusivity, meritocracy and equality—that characterized the physical landscape and political culture of the Route 128 suburbs and the political ideology of many of their residents. It reveals that homeowners' view of themselves in rural Lincoln and cosmopolitan Newton fueled grassroots activism on a range of liberal issues. This sense of individual and collective distinctiveness simultaneously made many residents see themselves as separate from, and not responsible for, many of the consequences of suburban growth and the forms of inequality and segregation that suburban development fortified.
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Kynes, Will. The Intertextual Network of Job and the Selective Nature of Genre. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777373.003.0006.
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The Wisdom Literature category has never been able to contain Job’s vast intertextual potential, and the category’s exclusive application distorts the book’s meaning through canonical separation, theological abstraction, and hermeneutical limitation. Job is embedded in a dense intertextual network. Appreciating the book’s distinctiveness requires reading it in relationship to as many literary groupings as its content and form justify. These include pre-modern genre designations, such as poetry, prophecy, and drama, as well as those produced by ancient Near Eastern parallels, such as the exemplary-sufferer texts. In recent scholarship, some of these have been resurrected, along with proposed adapted genres, such as dramatized lament or metaprophecy, and meta-genres, such as parody and polyphony. As selective perspectives, each of these proposed textual groupings underscores some salient feature of the book and thus combining them reveals the complexity and nuance of its meaning.
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Bellamy, Alex J. Decline. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777939.003.0003.
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This chapter demonstrates the significant decline in the incidence of genocide and mass atrocities in East Asia. It shows how, and why, the region’s most significant atrocities were brought to an end and demonstrates that the East Asian experience was not simply a symptom of global trends in the incidence of violence. The first section provides a detailed account of the decline of mass atrocities in East Asia. The second section briefly examines how this account corresponds with the evidence from various other research programs that track patterns of violent conflict in East Asia. The third part explains how mass atrocities in East Asia were terminated, highlighting the individual decisions that produced the cumulative effect. The final part contrasts East Asia’s experience with global trends in order to demonstrate the region’s distinctiveness and show that the decline of mass atrocities there was not simply a manifestation of broader global trends.
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Kenny, Neil. Born to Write. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198852391.001.0001.
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Scratch the surface of literary production from the late fifteenth to the mid-seventeenth century in France, and a large number of the authors, translators, and editors turn out to be relatives of other authors, translators, and editors. Why was this? Why did some 200 families contain more than one literary producer and so exercise disproportionate influence over what people read in the period? The phenomenon ranged from poetry (the Marots, the Des Roches) to scholarship (the Scaligers), from history-writing (the Godefroys) to engineering (the Errards). It included not just fathers and sons but also mothers, daughters, siblings, uncles, cousins, grandchildren. One family, the Sainte-Marthes, took this so far that sixteen of its own became literary producers, rising to twenty-seven if one broadens the chronological parameters. The phenomenon was European rather than just French, as the Sidneys or the Tassos show. But it took distinctive forms in France, where it was often connected to royal office-holding, and where it eventually faltered only with the French Revolution. Literary production was for many families a way of representing, and so claiming, their own place in the world; a way, alongside others, of clutching at distinctiveness and social status; a way of generating sociocultural legacy within the family. Not that everything went to plan or that the plan was always precise. Family literature, as defined by this study, was orientated towards the future but was sometimes even rejected or parodied by descendants rather than imitated or venerated. Whether harmonious or disunited, families were central to the hierarchical social fabric out of which much literature and learning emerged. Restoring that centrality changes our understanding of the works produced.
Book chapters on the topic "Product distinctiveness"
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Calboli, Irene. "Hands Off “My” Colors, Patterns, and Shapes! How Non-Traditional Trademarks Promote Standardization and May Negatively Impact Creativity and Innovation." In The Protection of Non-Traditional Trademarks, 287–308. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826576.003.0016.
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This chapter criticizes the protection of non-traditional trademarks (NTTMs) by focusing on three specific examples from the fashion industry: Louboutin, Gucci, and Bottega Veneta. In particular, besides repeating that granting exclusive rights to NTTMs equates in foreclosing competitors and third parties from using any identical and similar product design and products feature, this chapter highlights an additional problem related to the protection of NTTMs. Notably, that, by recognizing and protecting as marks elements that are product design and aesthetic product features, protecting these marks supports a system of intellectual property protection that promotes standardization, rather than creativity and innovation, in product development. In turn, in the view of the author, protecting NTTMs has a twofold negative impact. First, it induces businesses to standardize the aesthetic features of their products and repeatedly use them on their products to acquire the level of necessary market recognition (distinctiveness) to be protected as trademarks. Second, protecting NTTMs may lead to less investment not only in product and design innovation but also in product quality. Notably, securing and enforcing NTTMs allows businesses to capitalize on, and extract value from, the attractive power of the marks, which can be a short-term more viable means to attract consumers toward purchasing their products rather than investment in long-term product quality. This situation could be avoided, in the view of the author, by effectively curtailing the protection of these marks, which remain product designs and, albeit being appealing, valuable, and frequently distinctive, are not meant to be protected for a virtually unlimited period of time as trademarks.
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Brown, Abbe, Smita Kheria, Jane Cornwell, and Marta Iljadica. "14. Trade marks 2: definition of a registrable trade mark, absolute grounds for refusal and invalidation, and revocation." In Contemporary Intellectual Property, 546–602. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198799801.003.0014.
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This chapter examines the definition of a registrable trade mark, absolute grounds for refusal or invalidation of a registered trade mark, the extent to which objections can be overcome through proof of distinctiveness acquired through use and the rules on revocation of a registered trade mark, both at national and EU levels. It examines these issues looking at many different kinds of trade mark, from traditional work marks and logos to so-called ‘non-conventional’ trade marks such as three-dimensional product shapes, sounds, smells, colours, and ‘position’ marks. The chapter reflects evolving legislation at an EU level (particularly the EU’s 2015 trade mark reform package), a rich base of case law, and links to the the theroetical debates seen in Chapter 13.
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Sierhuis, Freya, and Adrian Streete. "Calvinism and Theater in Early Modern England and the Dutch Republic." In Cultures of Calvinism in Early Modern Europe, 117–37. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190456283.003.0007.
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The effect of Calvinism on European literary culture was powerful and long-lasting, creating a highly mobile, dynamic, transnational community of writers, publishers, translators, and readers. Many of these readers of Calvin had an interest in the stage. After all, the Institutes of the Christian Religion was translated into English in 1561 by Thomas Norton, coauthor of the blank verse, political tragedy Gorboduc. Calvin’s ideas and imagery were appropriated by English and Dutch playwrights from across the confessional spectrum. This chapter argues that there is a distinctiveness to this literature, often itself the product of the experience of religious war, persecution, and exile: a militant, combative providentialism, combined with a pronounced dualism, often shading over into apocalypticism; a preoccupation with, and fear of, the dangers of idolatry; and an inclination to a rigorous, frequently punishing, form of religious introspection and self-examination.
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Cairney, Paul, and Emily St Denny. "The Scottish Government’s Decisive Shift to Prevention." In Why Isn't Government Policy More Preventive?, 116–36. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793298.003.0006.
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The Scottish Government faces the same ‘prevention puzzle’ as the UK government, but often argues that it deals with it in different ways. Some of this potential distinctiveness relates to a Scottish ‘policy style’ or ‘approach’, in which it encourages relatively consensual policy consultation and delivery. However, as Chapter 4 suggests, a lot of the ‘Scottish approach’ is aspirational. Further, many policymaking differences relate to the size of the Scottish Government, its responsibilities, and the scale of its task. If we account for such differences, the Scottish and UK governments often seem to respond in similar ways to the dilemmas posed by multi-centric policymaking and Westminster-style accountability. In the absence of clear and systematic differences between them, we need to produce empirical analysis of how each government: (a) makes sense of prevention policy, and (b) produces models of preventive policymaking. In that context, the Scottish Government experience provides a rich source of case study evidence on how governments address policy problems, and how territorial governments act while operating within wider multi-level systems.
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Neumann, David J. "The Creation of a Yogi Guru Persona." In Finding God through Yoga, 107–55. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469648637.003.0004.
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In this chapter, Yogananda’s ministry is evaluated through the lens of modern consumer religion, mass marketing, and religious branding. The early portion investigates the religious products he touted, most centrally, his systematic, practical method for God-realization through yoga—in the innovative form of a correspondence course. Yogananda’s instruction inculcated a larger Hindu worldview, not just a set of meditative techniques. His East-West magazine was a promotional tool designed to highlight his brand’s distinctiveness. The chapter also explores the way the yogi, like evangelists of the time, promoted his message to a modern American audience saturated in savvy advertising and modern products. The final section considers the hazards of the religious market, including negative press attention and several lawsuits that threatened his brand image as well as his solvency just as the Depression arrived.
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Reed, Eleanor. "Lower-middle-class Domestic Leisure in Woman’s Weekly, 1930." In British Women's Writing, 1930 to 1960, 17–36. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789621822.003.0002.
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Eleanor Reed explores the status of domestic leisure in issues of Woman’s Weekly during 1930 when many middle-class housewives looked to labour-saving technologies to produce status-defining domestic leisure. Woman’s Weekly initiates and reflects the aspirations and anxieties of a readership eager to cement its position in an expanding, diversifying and competitive middle class. The magazine’s lower-middle-class distinctiveness emerges through comparison to Good Housekeeping, a glossy domestic monthly targeting middle-class housewives with larger budgets. Rather than following Pierre Bourdieu and others in portraying lower-middle-class culture as an inauthentic copy of leisure-class culture, this essay argues that Woman’s Weekly contributes to the production of an ideologically distinctive lower-middle-class domestic culture in which its readers can take pride. This culture is problematized however by its suspected source in the magazine’s unknown producers, some of whom were men; a circumstance alluded to in Stevie Smith’s 1936 Novel on Yellow Paper.
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Alworth, David J. "Roads." In Site Reading, 73–95. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691183343.003.0004.
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This chapter focuses Jack Kerouac and Joan Didion, arguing that the postwar American road narrative produces a sophisticated account of the nonhuman social actor through its treatment of the automobile, an entity that is both a material thing and a social site. In Kerouac's On the Road, a semiautobiographical account of his road trips in the late 1940s, the car plays no less potent a role in facilitating male bonding and in constituting the social world of the novel. To capture the distinctiveness of that world, the chapter contrasts it with the representation of two other automotive subcultures—the hot-rodders and the Merry Pranksters—in seminal works by Tom Wolfe that appeared in the wake of On the Road. Then, the chapter turns to the writing of Joan Didion, arguing that Play It as It Lays functions as a self-conscious response both to Kerouac's novel and to the mythology of road-tripping that it fostered.
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Jackson, Cailah. "Saūtıū ibn Hḥ asan: A Mevlevi Patron of Erzincan." In Islamic Manuscripts of Late Medieval Rum, 1270s-1370s, 169–225. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474451482.003.0005.
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The fourth and final chapter focuses on the patronage of one individual, who emerges from surviving material as the most prolific manuscript patron of late medieval Rum. The three manuscripts discussed in this chapter were commissioned by Sharaf al-Din Sati ibn Hasan, an amir, history writer and Mevlevi devotee. The key manuscripts are a copy of the Masnavi of Sultan Walad from 1366, a two-volume Divan-i Kabir from 1368 and a 1372 copy of the Masnavi, both by Jalal al-Din Rumi. Several manuscripts belonging to Sati’s son, Mustanjid, are also considered. Although a production centre is not named in the manuscripts, the patron and his family were based in Erzincan. This chapter outlines and contextualises the political and cultural activities of Sati and Mustanjid and considers where the manuscripts may have been produced. Moreover, the distinctiveness of the manuscripts’ illumination, and the patron’s connection to the Jalayirids, generates a discussion concerning the relationship between the arts of the books of Rum and the Mongol successor states.
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Fish, Stanley. "A Conclusion and Two Voices from the Other Side." In Save the World on Your Own Time. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195369021.003.0011.
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In conclusion, let me summarize my argument and the entailments it implies. The grounding proposition is that both the coherence and the value of a task depend on its being distinctive. Beginning with that proposition, I ask: What is the distinctive task college and university professors are trained and paid to perform? What can they legitimately (as opposed to presumptuously) claim to be able to do? My answer is that college and university professors can introduce students to bodies of material new to them and equip those same students with the appropriate (to the discipline) analytical and research skills. From this professional competence follow both obligations and prohibitions. The obligations are the usual pedagogical ones—setting up a course, preparing a syllabus, devising exams, assigning papers or experiments, giving feedback, holding office hours, etc. The prohibitions are that an instructor should do neither less nor more. Doing less would mean not showing up to class or showing up unprepared, not being alert to the newest approaches and models in the field, failing to give back papers or to comment on them in helpful ways, etc. Doing more would be to take on tasks that belong properly to other agents—to preachers, political leaders, therapists, and gurus. The lure of these other (some would say larger or more noble) tasks is that they enhance, or at least seem to enhance, the significance of what a teacher does. But in fact, I argue, agendas imported into the classroom from foreign venues do not enrich the pedagogical task, but overwhelm it and erode its constitutive distinctiveness. Once you start preaching or urging a political agenda or engaging your students in discussions designed to produce action in the world, you are surely doing something, but it is not academic, even if you give it that name.
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White, Robert E. "Putting it All Together." In Understanding Vineyard Soils. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199342068.003.0009.
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In reality, there can be no generic definition of an “ideal soil” because a soil’s performance is influenced by the local climate, landscape characteristics, grape variety, and cultural practices and is judged in the context of a winegrower’s objectives for style of wine to be made, market potential, and profitability of the enterprise. This realization essentially acknowledges the long-established French concept of terroir: that the distinctiveness or typicity of wines produced in individual locations depends on a complex interaction of biophysical and human cultural factors, interpreted by many as meaning a wine’s sense of place. As discussed in “Soil Variability and the Concept of Terroir” in chapter 1, because of this interaction of factors that determine a particular terroir, it is not surprising that no specific relationships between one or more soil properties and wine typicity have been unequivocally demonstrated. While acknowledging this conclusion, it is still worthwhile to examine how variations in several single or combined soil properties can influence vine performance and fruit character. These properties are: • Soil depth • Soil structure and water supply • Soil strength • Soil chemistry and nutrient supply • Soil organisms Provided there are no subsoil constraints, the natural tendency of long-lived Vitis vinifera, on own roots or rootstocks, to root deeply and extensively gives it access to a potentially large store of water and nutrients. In sandy and gravely soils that are naturally low in nutrients, such as in the Médoc region of France, the Margaret River region in Western Australia, and the Wairau River plain, Marlborough region, New Zealand, the deeper the soil the better. A similar situation pertains on the deep sandy soils on granite in the Cauquenas region, Chile. However, such depth may be a disadvantage where soils are naturally fertile and rain is plentiful, as in parts of the Mornington Peninsula, King and Yarra Valley regions, Victoria, Australia, and the Willamette Valley region in Oregon (see figure 1.11, chapter 1), because vine growth is too vigorous and not in balance.
Conference papers on the topic "Product distinctiveness"
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Thevenot, Henri J., and Timothy W. Simpson. "A Comparison of Commonality Indices for Product Family Design." In ASME 2004 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2004-57141.
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Today’s highly competitive and global marketplace is redefining the way companies do business: many companies are being faced with the challenge of providing as much variety as possible for the market with as little variety as possible between products. In order to achieve this, product families have been developed, allowing the realization of a sufficient variety of products to meet the customers’ demands while keeping costs relatively low. The challenge when designing a family of products is in resolving the tradeoff between product commonality and distinctiveness: if commonality is too high, products lack distinctiveness, and their individual performance is not optimized; on the other hand, if commonality is too low, manufacturing costs will increase dramatically. Toward this end, several commonality indices have been proposed to assess the amount of commonality within a product family. In this paper, we compare and contrast six of the commonality indices from the literature based on their ease of data collection, repeatability and consistency. Eight families of products are dissected and analyzed, and the commonality of each product family is computed using each commonality index. The results are then analyzed and compared, and recommendations are given on their usefulness for product family design. This study lays a foundation for understanding the relationship between different platform leveraging strategies and the resulting degree of commonality within a product family.
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Park, Jaeil, and Timothy W. Simpson. "Production Cost Modeling to Support Product Family Design Optimization." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/dac-48720.
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Product family design involves carefully balancing the commonality of the product platform with the distinctiveness of the individual products in the family. While a variety of optimization methods have been developed to help designers determine the best design variable settings for the product platform and individual products within the family, production costs are thought to be an important criterion to choose the best platform among candidate platform designs. Thus, it is prerequisite to have an appropriate production cost model to be able to estimate the production costs incurred by having common and variant components within a product family. In this paper, we propose a production cost model based on a production cost framework associated with the manufacturing activities. The production cost model can be easily integrated within optimization frameworks to support a Decision-Based Design approach for product family design. As an example, the production cost model is utilized to estimate the production costs of a family of cordless power screwdrivers.
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Du, Xuehong, Mitchell M. Tseng, and Jianxin Jiao. "Graph Grammar Based Product Variety Modeling." In ASME 2000 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2000/dfm-14041.
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Abstract This paper discusses the issue of product variety modeling, i.e. the means to organize the data of a family of products according to the underpinning logic among them. The targeted product families are characterized by providing user-selectable product features and feature values and achieving variety by combining parameterized functional or physical modules. A graph grammar based (GGB) model is proposed for the purpose of enhancing the comprehensiveness and manipulability of the data of product families for different functional departments in a company in order to facilitate effective order processing as well as direct customer-manufacturer interaction. To deal with variety effectively, both structural and non-structural family data are represented as family graphs whereas order-specific products are represented as variant graphs derived by applying predefined graph rewrite rules to the family graphs. The most important characteristics of the GGB model are three folds. While emphasizing the distinctiveness of the information that different users are concerned about, it provides cross view data transferring mechanisms. It also supports data manipulation for variety generation. Finally, taking advantage of the graph grammar based language of PROGRES, GGB is a model to be easily implemented as a visualized computer system. The specification of an office chair product family illustrates the principles and construction process of GGB models.
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Kang, Sung Woo, and Conrad S. Tucker. "Automated Concept Generation Based on Function-Form Synthesis." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47687.
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This work hypothesizes that enhancing next generation products’ distinctiveness through function-form synthesis results in feasible design concepts for designers. A data mining driven methodology that searches for novel function and form candidates suitable to include in next generation product design is introduced in this work. The methodology employs a topic modeling algorithm to search for functional relationships between the current product design and designs from related/unrelated domains. Combining the current product design and candidate products’ form and function, which is acquired from related/unrelated domains, generates next generation design concepts. These resulting design concepts are not only distinct from their parent designs but are also likely to be implemented in the real world by containing novel functions and form features. A hybrid marine model, which is differentiated from both the current design and candidate products in related/unrelated domains, is introduced in the case study in order to demonstrate the proposed methodology’s potential to develop concepts for novel product domains. By comparing the form and function similarity values between generated design concepts, an existing hybrid marine model (Wing In Ground effect ship: WIG), and source products, this research verifies the feasibility of these design concepts.
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Thevenot, Henri J., Jyotirmaya Nanda, and Timothy W. Simpson. "A Methodology to Support Product Family Redesign Using Genetic Algorithm and Commonality Indices." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84927.
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Many of today’s manufacturing companies are using platform-based product development to realize families of products with sufficient variety to meet customers’ demands while keeping costs relatively low. The challenge when designing or redesigning a product family is in resolving the tradeoff between product commonality and distinctiveness. Several methodologies have been proposed to redesign existing product families; however, a problem with most of these methods is that they require a considerable amount of information that is not often readily available, and hence their use has been limited. In this research, we propose a methodology to help designers during product family redesign. This methodology is based on the use of a genetic algorithm and commonality indices - metrics to assess the level of commonality within a product family. Unlike most other research in which the redesign of a product family is the result of many human computations, the proposed methodology reduces human intervention and improves accuracy, repeatability, and robustness of the results. Moreover, it is based on data that is relatively easy to acquire. As an example, a family of computer mice is analyzed using the Product Line Commonality Index. Recommendations are given at the product family level (assessment of the overall design of the product family), and at the component level (which components to redesign and how to redesign them). The methodology provides a systematic methodology for product family redesign.
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Kang, Chang Muk, and Yoo Suk Hong. "A Framework for Designing Balanced Product Platforms by Estimating Versatility of Components." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35879.
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Mass customization is a common trend in industries and platform-based product family strategy is widely used for an efficient mass customization. While commonization of a platform is a viable mean for reducing the customization cost, it also has a risk of losing some market share due to its limitation on differentiating individual products. This trade-off requires a platform to be balanced between commonality and distinctiveness of products. In this paper, we focus on developing a versatile platform that maximizes the use of common components while facilitating differentiations which are highly effective for increasing the market share of a product family. A versatile platform is comprised of versatile components which do not restrict effective differentiations even if it is commonized. To determine a certain component is versatile or not, we considered which specifications are preferred to be differentiated in the market and how much change would be required for the component to differentiate a specification. With these two measures, we define a versatility index representing how versatile a component is. Components with higher versatility values are appropriate to be platformized since they are less likely to be changed for differentiations. Furthermore, identification of non-versatile components may provide a clue for improving architecture of the product. The proposed method is applied to the PC mouse design, which yields reasonable alternatives for platform design.
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Sungur, Zerrin. "Women Entrepreneurship in Slow Cities of Turkey from a Sociological Perspective." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00786.
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Cittàslow movement was established in Italy in 1999. The Slow City movement incorporates a philosophy and a commitment to maintain the cultural heritage and quality of life of their membership towns. A slow city aims to improve the quality of life of its citizens and its visitors. Member towns are obliged to pursue local projects protecting local cultures, contributing to a relaxed pace of life, creating conviviality and hospitality and promoting a unique sense of place and local distinctiveness. There are nine slow cities in Turkey in 2013. This study examines the women entrepreneurship in slow cities of Turkey from a sociological perspective. Slow cities offer many opportunities in the meaning of local development especially for women in Turkey. They can engage with small business, hand-crafts, and organic farming in slow cities. But training of women, certification of the quality of artisan products and awareness of the citizens of slow cities are the critical issues in the sustainable local development process. Therefore, it is possible to increase income level of women living in slow cities in Turkey and also to preserve local tastes.
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Miller, Amy L., and Jerry Samples. "Building a Community - How to Enrich an Engineering Technology Program With an Identity, Presence and Pride." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65034.
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Potential students and their parents are looking at schools differently than in the past: an out cropping of the new generation of parents and students. Academics are still the prime concern but more frequently than in past years families are concerned about the organization. Does the program have an identity that will assist in getting jobs? Is there a presence within the community? Do the faculty and students take pride in what is being accomplished and are graduates proud of their education and their school? The best way to answer these questions is to allow the families a chance to interact with students, see their products, read the posters of their work and show where graduates work. This paper will discuss the process needed to cultivate an engineering or engineering technology program into one with an identity, presence and ultimately pride. The paper will describe leadership steps that can be taken to generate pride and distinctiveness, first to the faculty, and then to the student body. Resulting in a close nit and enviable community where education can flourish, and the students’ academic related clubs are active and involved on campus. Where alumni look forward to visiting and helping with student projects. Where they take pride in their alma mater and often seek new hires from the program. Where faculty members win teaching awards and enjoy their time in the classroom and advising students. A case study will be presented and, detailed examples will be cited demonstrating how the students “caught on” and took pride to a new level based on the successful implementation at a university. It will show that leadership lessons learned by students while in school, continued to be used after they graduated. The case study will further demonstrate why everyone associated with the program feels that the engineering technology program is a great place to learn and work.