Academic literature on the topic 'Product design approaches'
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Journal articles on the topic "Product design approaches"
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Hapsari, Filia Nauli, Ratna Purwaningsih, Faradhina Azzahra, and Diana Puspita Sari. "Velcro Product Design with Biomimicry Approaches." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1111, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1111/1/012057.
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Abstract Nature has experienced so many adjustments throughout its life cycle, such as evolutions, climate change, and natural selection, and it still manages to exist today. Therefore, it will be an excellent example to be imitated into a product or process since it is most likely sustainable and comply human needs. Imitating nature’s process, design, or system is called Biomimicry Approach. In this research, researchers develop a new design for Velcro. Velcro is a fastener that consists of 2 parts: hook and loop. Both parts are made of nylon thread and will be fastened together. Current Velcro products are not durable because of the design and also materials. It can be easily wrinkled and damage the fabric it is glued. This study aims to develop Velcro design to have a sustainable design using the technical steps in each biomimicry design spiral methodology stage. Researchers used Biomimicry Approach to find the best development for the Velcro product and generate a conceptual design for Velcro. The natural model used in the conceptual design was a Lentinula edodes (shitake mushroom). The design assessment indicator used were von mises stress, safety factory, and displacement. The results showed that the development design of Velcro with the Biomimicry Design Spiral Approach was acceptable and safe.
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Niu, Xiaojing, Shengfeng Qin, Haizhu Zhang, Meili Wang, and Rose Wong. "Exploring product design quality control and assurance under both traditional and crowdsourcing-based design environments." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 12 (December 2018): 168781401881439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018814395.
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Small and medium-sized enterprises face the challenges that they do not have enough employees and related resources to produce high-quality products with limited budget and time. The emergence of crowdsourcing provides an opportunity for them to improve their products by leveraging the wisdom of a large community of crowds, including their potential customers. With this new opportunity, product design could be conducted partially in a traditional design environment (in-house design) and partially in a crowdsourcing environment. This article focuses on product design stages to investigate what key factors affect product design quality and how it can be controlled and assured. First, we define the concept of product design quality and then identify its attributes and sub-attributes. Second, we separately survey key factors affecting product design quality in traditional and crowdsourcing-based design environments, quality control approaches/theories and quality assurance policies in traditional design environment. Third, a comparison of product design quality issues between the traditional and crowdsourcing-based design environments is progressed focusing on various aspects influencing product design activity quality. Finally, we discuss product design quality control approaches and quality assurance policies, quality control challenges and corresponding solutions in crowdsourcing-based design environment.
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Raffaeli, Roberto, Maura Mengoni, and Michele Germani. "Improving the link between computer-assisted design and configuration tools for the design of mechanical products." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 27, no. 1 (January 15, 2013): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060412000388.
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AbstractThe competitive market forces companies to offer tailored products to meet specific customer needs. To avoid wasting time, design efforts generally address the configuration of existing solutions, without producing substantial design modifications. Configuration tools are used to achieve customized products starting from a common platform. Many approaches have been successfully proposed in literature to configure products. However, in the mechanical field they need further investigation in order to be efficiently linked to computer-aided design technologies. Research is focused on tools and methods to automatically produce geometrical models and improve the flexibility of the continuous product updating process. In this context, this paper aims to combine product configuration approaches with design automation techniques in order to support design activities of products to fulfill specific requirements. The approach is based on entities called configurable virtual prototypes. Three different domains are managed and connected via configurable virtual prototypes: product specifications, geometrical data, and product knowledge. In particular, geometry recognition rules are used to identify the parameterization of parts and the assembly mating constraints. The approach is exemplified through an industrial case study where a tool has been developed on the basis of the described method. Advantages of the system are shown in terms of achieved product configuration efficiency.
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ISSA, Waleed Muhammad Mahdi. "METHODS OF ANALYSIS IN INDUSTRIAL DESIGN." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 03, no. 06 (July 1, 2021): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.6-3.17.
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The research discussed the analytical approaches that fall into the essence of product design analysis process, and the research focused on six basic approaches to analysis of industrial product design: (formal analysis method, functional analysis approach - pragmatism, structural analysis approach, semiotic analysis approach, Marxist analysis approach, and Anthropological analysis approach), and it was concluded that each of the proposed approaches intends to analyze industrial products based on the knowledge structure and intellectual references that define the approach. A set of conclusions were reached, the most important of which were: The process of analyzing industrial products is in fact a complex process, and it needs a lot of knowledge references to analyze the design product based on the fact that the design product is a complex entity and thus needs a comprehensive system that combines the proposed approaches to form a comprehensive approach to analyzes Industrial products according to it.
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Dianat, Iman, Parvin Adeli, and Amir Hossein Talebian. "Ergonomic Approaches and Challenges in Product Design." Journal of Ergonomics 4, no. 2 (October 1, 2016): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21859/joe-040247.
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Chen, Steven, Ray Benedicktus, Yuna Kim, and Eric Shih. "Teaching Design Thinking in Marketing: Linking Product Design and Marketing Strategy in a Product Development Class." Journal of Marketing Education 40, no. 3 (January 16, 2018): 176–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0273475317753678.
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Design thinking refers to the implementation of a firm’s design philosophy into design processes and outputs. This article introduces two design thinking approaches—user-centered design and design-driven innovation—that frame product design activities and show how these approaches can be incorporated into marketing curricula. The aim of this article is to show how marketing educators can help students appreciate and understand the processes and consequences of developing new products using different design thinking approaches. First, an experiment is conducted to examine the effect of design thinking approaches (user-centered design, design-driven innovation) on design and marketing outcomes (perceived originality, perceived usefulness, and perceived value). Second, based on the results of the study, the article develops a step-by-step guide on how to execute a design thinking module in a product-oriented marketing course.
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PALS, NICO, MARC G. D. STEEN, DAVID J. LANGLEY, and JOKE KORT. "THREE APPROACHES TO TAKE THE USER PERSPECTIVE INTO ACCOUNT DURING NEW PRODUCT DESIGN." International Journal of Innovation Management 12, no. 03 (September 2008): 275–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919608002023.
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This paper addresses three different approaches which can be employed to adequately answer different questions faced by product developers. These approaches differ in the ways users themselves are involved in developing the "real" user perspective. In participatory design, products and product concepts are developed together with users so that they fit better with what the users do and want to do. The modelling of product adoption quantifies the likely market adoption of products, based on user characteristics and product attributes. The evaluation of user experience describes a way to evaluate products in terms of their users' interaction with the product daily life. These approaches have originated from different areas and are often seen as competing viewpoints. This paper shows that the three approaches be seen as complementary to each other and suggests a method for to choose the right approach.
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Husung, S., C. Weber, and A. Mahboob. "Integrating Model-Based Design of Mechatronic Systems with Domain-Specific Design Approaches." Proceedings of the Design Society 2 (May 2022): 1895–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2022.192.
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AbstractIn addition to the known approaches for product development new or supplementary approaches have emerged. An important approach in this field is Systems Engineering (SE) and Model-Based Systems Engineering. Through these approaches, new procedures, level-focused description concepts and terms come into product development. However there are still some uncertainties as to how the known approaches of product development can be combined with the SE approaches. This paper aims to show how the known development approaches can be extended by and integrated with SE approaches.
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Mendikoa, I., M. Sorli, J. I. Barbero, A. Carrillo, and A. Gorostiza. "Collaborative product design and manufacturing with inventive approaches." International Journal of Production Research 46, no. 9 (May 2008): 2333–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207540701737658.
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Clayton, Richard J., Chris J. Backhouse, and Samir Dani. "Evaluating existing approaches to product‐service system design." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 23, no. 3 (March 9, 2012): 272–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17410381211217371.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Product design approaches"
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Börjesson, Fredrik. "Approaches to Modularity in Product Architecture." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Maskinelement, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-96491.
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Modular product architecture is characterized by the existence of standardized interfaces between the physical building blocks. A module is a collection of technical solutions that perform a function, with interfaces selected for company-specific strategic reasons. Approaches to modularity are the structured methods by which modular product architectures are derived. The approaches include Modular Function Deployment (MFD), Design Structure Matrix (DSM), Function Structure Heuristics and many other, including hybrids. The thesis includes a survey of relevant theory and a discussion of four challenges in product architecture research, detailed in the appended papers. One common experience from project work is structured methods such as DSM or MFD often do not yield fully conclusive results. This is usually because the algorithms used to generate modules do not have enough relevant data. Thus, we ask whether it is possible to introduce new data to make the output more conclusive. A case study is used to answer this question. The analysis indicates that with additional properties to capture product geometry, and flow of matter, energy, or information, the output is more conclusive. If product development projects even have an architecture definition phase, very little time is spent actually selecting the most suitable tool. Several academic models are available, but they use incompatible criteria, and do not capture experience-based or subjective criteria we may wish to include. The research question is whether we can define selection criteria objectively using academic models and experience-based criteria. The author gathers criteria from three academic models, adds experience criteria, performs a pairwise comparison of all available criteria and applies a hierarchical cluster analysis, with subsequent interpretation. The resulting evaluation model is tested on five approaches to modularity. Several conclusions are discussed. One is that of the five approaches studied, MFD and DSM have the most complementary sets of strengths and weaknesses, and that hybrids between these two fundamental approaches would be particularly interesting. The majority of all product development tries to improve existing products. A common criticism against all structured approaches to modularity is they work best for existing products. Is this perhaps a misconception? We ask whether MFD and DSM can be used on novel product types at an early phase of product development. MFD and DSM are applied to the hybrid drive train of a Forwarder. The output of the selected approaches is compared and reconciled, indicating that conclusions about a suitable modular architecture can be derived, even when many technical solutions are unknown. Among several conclusions, one is the electronic inverter must support several operating modes that depend on high-level properties of the drive train itself (such as whether regeneration is used). A modular structure for the electronic inverter is proposed. Module generation in MFD is usually done with Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), where the results are presented in the form of a Dendrogram. Statistical software can generate a Dendrogram in a matter of seconds. For DSM, the situation is different. Most available algorithms require a fair amount of processing time. One popular algorithm, the Idicula-Gutierrez-Thebeau Algorithm (IGTA), requires a total time of a few hours for a problem of medium complexity (about 60 components). The research question is whether IGTA can be improved to execute faster, while maintaining or improving quality of output. Two algorithmic changes together reduce execution time required by a factor of seven to eight in the trials, and improve quality of output by about 15 percent.QC 20120605
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Adler, Niclas. "Managing complex product development : three approaches." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Programmet Människa och Organisation (PMO), 1999. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-13.
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Despite its strategic importance most firms managing complex product development fail to meet their pre-set or emerging targets. This thesis argues that this is due to a number of limitations in the fundamental assumptions behind the dominant approach based on planning. Two alternative approaches are introduced and elaborated based on extensive empirical investigation of five organizational settings at Ericsson applying the dominant approach and two organizational settings also at Ericsson that repeatedly succeed to meet pre-set and emerging targets. The two alternative approaches; integrationdriven development and dynamic synchronization are based on integration, building dependencies, allocating resources to the boundaries and building a capacity for real-time handling of both emerging problems and opportunities rather than minimizing deviations from the pre-set plan.Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 1999
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Marie-Rose, Aymerick. "IN-BETWEEN: PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT STUDY THROUGH INDUSTRIAL AND EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES." Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Industridesign, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-54775.
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Experimental design is a practice operating at the limit between craftmanship, art and technology. In collaboration with the studio breadeEscalope (Vienna, Austria) this project oscillates between research and production to study the link between industrial and experimental approach to design. Hitherto initiated from an impulse or a problem requiring solution, the action of designing suggest a product or a service to fulfill needs. In industrial design, the creative process follows contextually anchored steps to frame, define, develop and deliver. For the sake of a pragmatic answer, the delivery is centred around the user and its needs, often leading to an opaque finished product. Home’s basic, the coat rack was selected to support this study as a concrete product base for trend and consumer behavior analysis. From shared ornamental and functional object placed in the entrance of houses, the coat rack previously “hatstand”, is today an unnoticed domestic object. The final product was hand manufactured with recycled and raw component, allowing transparency on the production process and used material. Stacking up coats on the produced rack create a private space for the user to sit in, questioning the relationship between user and product (ownership, trust, value). Based on architectural concept and design theory, the product aims to bridge creative and technical disciplines to suggest a functional yet questionable product as dialogue starter. How sustainable are the objects that surround us every day? What is the story of the product? With those question in head the experimental design thinking studio breadedEscalope based in Vienna (Austria), offers an alternative approach to design. Always starting projects with the production process as a story of formations, offering unique and playful outcome to the act of designing.Experimentell design är en praxis som fungerar på gränsen mellan hantverk, konst och teknik. I samarbete med studio breadeEscalope (Wien, Österrike) pendlar detta projekt mellan forskning och produktion för att studera sambandet mellan industriell och experimentell strategi för design. Hittills initierad från en impuls eller ett problem som kräver lösning, föreslår åtgärden att designa en produkt eller en tjänst för att uppfylla behoven. Inom industriell design följer den kreativa processen kontextuellt förankrade steg för att rama in, definiera, utveckla och leverera. För ett pragmatiskt svar är leveransen centrerad kring användaren och dess behov, vilket ofta leder till en ogenomskinlig färdig produkt. Hemmets grund, klädhänget valdes för att stödja denna studie som en konkret produktbas för trend- och konsumentbeteendeanalys. Från delat prydnads- och funktionellt föremål placerat i ingången till hus är klädhänget tidigare "hatstand", idag ett obemärkt inhemskt föremål. Slutprodukten tillverkades för hand med återvunnen och rå komponent, vilket gav insyn i produktionsprocessen och använt material. Att stapla upp rockar på det producerade racket skapar ett privat utrymme för användaren att sitta i och ifrågasätter förhållandet mellan användare och produkt (ägande, förtroende, värde). Baserat på arkitektoniska koncept och designteori syftar produkten till att överbrygga kreativa och tekniska discipliner för att föreslå en funktionell men tvivelaktig produkt som dialogstartare. Hur hållbara är de objekt som omger oss varje dag? Vad är historien om produkten? Med dessa frågor i huvudet erbjuder den experimentella designtänkande studion breadedEscalope baserad i Wien (Österrike), ett alternativt tillvägagångssätt för design. Alltid starta projekt med produktionsprocessen som en berättelse om formationer, erbjuder unikt och lekfullt resultat till handlingen att designa.
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Wynn, David Charles. "Model-based approaches to support process improvement in complex product development." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/237006.
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The performance of product development processes is important to the commercial success of new products. The improvement of these processes is thus a strategic imperative for many engineering companies - the aero-engine is one example of a complex product for which market pressures necessitate ever-shorter development times. This thesis argues that process modelling and simulation can support the improvement of complex product development processes. A literature review identified that design process modelling is a well-establishedresearch area encompassing a diverse range of approaches. However, most existing tools and methods are not widely applied in industry. An extended case study was therefore conducted to explore the pragmatic utility of process modelling and simulation. It is argued that iteration is a key driver of design process behaviour which cannot be fully reflected in a mechanistic model. Understanding iteration can help select an appropriate representation for a given process domain and modelling objective. A model-based approach to improve the management of iterative design processes was developed. This approach shows that design process simulation models can support practice despite their limited fidelity. The modelling and simulation framework resulting from this work was enhanced for application to a wider range of process improvement activities. A robust and extensible software platform was also developed. The framework and software tool have made significant contribution to research projects investigating process redesign, process robustness and process optimisation. These projects are discussed to validate the framework and tool and to highlight their applicability beyond the original approach. The research results were disseminated in academia and industry - 72 copies of the software were distributed following requests in the first three months of its release.
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Gudur, Raghavendra Reddy. "Approaches to designing for older adults' intuitive interaction with complex devices." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/58070/1/Raghavendra_Gudur_Thesis.pdf.
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Many older people have difficulties using modern consumer products due to increased product complexity both in terms of functionality and interface design. Previous research has shown that older people have more difficulty in using complex devices intuitively when compared to the younger. Furthermore, increased life expectancy and a falling birth rate have been catalysts for changes in world demographics over the past two decades. This trend also suggests a proportional increase of older people in the work-force. This realisation has led to research on the effective use of technology by older populations in an effort to engage them more productively and to assist them in leading independent lives. Ironically, not enough attention has been paid to the development of interaction design strategies that would actually enable older users to better exploit new technologies.
Previous research suggests that if products are designed to reflect people's prior knowledge, they will appear intuitive to use. Since intuitive interfaces utilise domain-specific prior knowledge of users, they require minimal learning for effective interaction. However, older people are very diverse in their capabilities and domain-specific prior knowledge. In addition, ageing also slows down the process of acquiring new knowledge. Keeping these suggestions and limitations in view, the aim of this study was set to investigate possible approaches to developing interfaces that facilitate their intuitive use by older people.
In this quest to develop intuitive interfaces for older people, two experiments were conducted that systematically investigated redundancy (the use of both text and icons) in interface design, complexity of interface structure (nested versus flat), and personal user factors such as cognitive abilities, perceived self-efficacy and technology anxiety. All of these factors could interfere with intuitive use. The results from the first experiment suggest that, contrary to what was hypothesised, older people (65+ years) completed the tasks on the text only based interface design faster than on the redundant interface design. The outcome of the second experiment showed that, as expected, older people took more time on a nested interface. However, they did not make significantly more errors compared with younger age groups. Contrary to what was expected, older age groups also did better under anxious conditions.
The findings of this study also suggest that older age groups are more heterogeneous in their capabilities and their intuitive use of contemporary technological devices is mediated more by domain-specific technology prior knowledge and by their cognitive abilities, than chronological age. This makes it extremely difficult to develop product interfaces that are entirely intuitive to use. However, by keeping in view the cognitive limitations of older people when interfaces are developed, and using simple text-based interfaces with flat interface structure, would help them intuitively learn and use complex technological products successfully during early encounter with a product. These findings indicate that it might be more pragmatic if interfaces are designed for intuitive learning rather than for intuitive use.
Based on this research and the existing literature, a model for adaptable interface design as a strategy for developing intuitively learnable product interfaces was proposed. An adaptable interface can initially use a simple text only interface to help older users to learn and successfully use the new system. Over time, this can be progressively changed to a symbols-based nested interface for more efficient and intuitive use.
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Watz, Matilda. "Utilizing requirements to support sustainable product development : Introductory approaches for strategic sustainability integration." Licentiate thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för strategisk hållbar utveckling, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-18807.
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The attention to sustainability impacts arising during the lifecycle of products is growing as industry wants to increase its contribution to a sustainable society. To do so, companies must find ways to navigate the complexity of the needs within the socio-ecological system in which they operate. In engineering design projects, the interpretation of needs into requirements is essential, as they represent the collective understanding of the design problem to be solved. Ideally, requirements are possible to verify and validate, which makes it challenging for industry to integrate socio-ecological considerations, often based on qualitative models, into requirements. Sustainability then tends not to be prioritized in trade-offs with traditionally identified requirements for engineering design. A qualitative research approach within design research methodology framed a sequence of studies guided by the research question ‘How can requirements be utilized to support Sustainable Product Development?’ First, a research gap was identified from a literature review which indicated a lack of socio-ecological systems contextualization in the identification, as well as the traceability of sustainability criteria to integrate into requirements. Secondly, a conceptual model was established for how management of requirements can be improved to facilitate traceability, as well as how contextual socio-ecological systems perspective can be introduced in the selection, of sustainability criteria for engineering design projects. For this purpose, the results from a multiple-case study based on semi-structured interviews with seven design and manufacturing companies was triangulated with findings of an in-depth literature analysis. Five key elements of management of sustainability in requirements were proposed in a profile model corresponding to different levels of sustainability maturity. A third study explored, based on literature and prototype causal loop diagramming, the potential of a group model building approach to enhance contextual understanding of strategically identified, i.e., company-tailored, sustainability criteria in relation to traditional requirements in early phases of the product innovation process. A final study investigated how a strategic sustainability perspective can be integrated with engineering design methods and value modelling to create a decision support for concept selection. The studies together indicate that key constituents of good requirements, traceability and systems contextualization, can be achieved also for socio-ecological sustainability considerations. This requires organizational commitment and will be reflected in the design of the operational management system for their product innovation process. Following the proposed five key elements of sustainability integration in requirements, a company is expected to increase the organizational sustainability maturity, and hence its capability to contribute to a sustainability transition. This research also shows that there is a gap in current methods and tools for enhanced socio-ecological systems contextualization. The two last studies of this thesis give promising approaches of tools and methods to be further developed and analyzed, namely group model building, system analysis and value modelling.
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LINDGREN, NATALIA, and MORTENSEN JULIA HEDE. "Product development in low income markets : Identifying user needs and approaches in design in a low income market, with focus on the water filtration market in Malaysia." Thesis, KTH, Produkt- och tjänstedesign, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-234254.
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The water situation in Malaysia is not ideal. Due to the unsatisfactory quality of the piped water, the demand of domestic water filters in Malaysia is increasing. At the same time, 40 percent of the Malaysian population are described as a low income group who are especially vulnerable against increases in living costs. Developing products that meet the needs of consumers who are constrained in resources is vital for straining the growth of poverty and reaching the global SDGs. To ensure that the access to clean water is achievable for all, regardless of income group, established methodologies within product development in emerging markets with low income target groups needs to be identified. The intention with this study is to identify and evaluate some of the existing models and methods within this area through thorough research and a case study. The main focus is to analyse the methodologies for identifying user needs, as well as the approaches in design and conceptualization, when developing products for the lower income group. An extensive literature study has been made, in combination with interviews from Engineers without borders, Sweden. The results were that no models or methods were frequently used in their different projects but every project was individually structured. These results were then applied in a field study in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. During the field study, a market analysis took place and a new product concept was shaped. The project was in collaboration with the company Blöndal, a water purification company in Kuala Lumpur. Their point of use water filter called Källa 8 was further developed, guided by the identified models and methods gained from the pre-development research. Before the development of Källa 8, the user needs were identified through surveys, in-home visits and shorter interviews. To translate the identified user want and needs to product attributes, a House of Quality matrix was used and worked as a basis of discussion during the conceptualization of the new Källa 8. Throughout the conceptualization, the mindset originating from the theory of Frugal Innovation was constantly present. The result of the market analysis clearly pointed to a too high of a price of the product, but stating that the already existing design of the product was both attractive and important for the lower income group. These attributes were later realized by foremost changing the configuration of the piping in the product. The purpose was to make the filters easily changeable, sparing the users the service cost of changing the filters. This was done without interfering with the most valued features of the product.Vattensituationen i Malaysia är inte ideal. På grund av den dåliga kvalitén av kranvatten, har efterfrågan av vattenfilter för hemmabruk i Malaysia ökat. Samtidigt beskrivs 40 procent av Malaysias befolkning som en del av en låginkomstgrupp som är särskilt sårbara för ökade levnadskostnader. Att utveckla produkter som möter behoven hos konsumenter som är begränsade i ekonomiska resurser är avgörande för att förhindra tillväxten av fattigdom och för att uppnå FN:s Millenniemål. För att försäkra att tillgången till rent vatten är uppnåeligt för alla, oavsett inkomstgrupp, måste beprövade metoder inom produktutveckling i tillväxtmarknader med låginkomsttagare som fokusgrupp identifieras. Målet av denna studie är att identifiera och utvärdera vissa av de existerande modellerna och metoderna inom detta område genom grundliga studier och en fallstudie. Huvudfokus ligger på att analysera metoder för att identifiera användarbehov samt konceptualisering och utformning av produkter för låginkomstgrupper. En omfattande litteraturstudie har gjorts samt intervjuer med Ingenjörer utan gränser. Resultatet från intervjuena visade på att inga specifika metoder användes frekvent utan varje project utformades på eget vis. Detta resultat applicerades sedan på ett fältarbete i Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Projektet var i samarbete med företaget Blöndal, ett vattenfilterföretag med huvudkontor i Kuala Lumpur. Deras så kallade “point of use”-vattenfilter, vid namn Källa 8, vidareutvecklades med de identifierade modellerna och metoderna från förstudien som ledsagare. Före vidareutvecklingen av Källa 8, identifierades användarbehoven genom enkätundersökningar, hembesök och kortare intervjuer. För att översätta de identifierade användarbehoven till faktiska produktegenskaper, utarbetades en så kallad House of Quality-matris som sedan användes som diskussionsunderlag under konceptualiseringen av det nya Källa 8. Tankesättet som användes under utformningen av den nya produkten härleddes av konceptet Frugal Innovation. Frugal Innovation visade sig vara en värdefull teoretisk ramverk, men var inte så lätt att implementera på just denna fallstudie. Resultaten från marknadsanalysen visade tydligt att produkten kostade för mycket men att den yttre designen var attraktiv och viktig för låginkomstgrupper. Dessa attribut realiserades i produkten genom att främst förändra konfigurationen av rören i produkten. Anledningen till detta var att minska underhållskostnader för användaren, eftersom hen själv ska kunna byta ut filtrena. Detta gjordes utan att större förändringar på produktens högst värderade egenskaper.
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Kriett, Phillip Oliver [Verfasser], Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Grunow, Hubert [Gutachter] Missbauer, and Martin [Gutachter] Grunow. "Optimization-based approaches for product platform design, production planning, and capacity modeling in semiconductor supply chains / Phillip Oliver Kriett ; Gutachter: Hubert Missbauer, Martin Grunow ; Betreuer: Martin Grunow." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1221719254/34.
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Serna, Rodas Juliana. "Methodological approach for the sustainable design of structured chemical products during early design stages." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0219.
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En raison de la compétitivité dans le marché des produits chimiques et la demande croissante pour les produits de qualité, l'industrie et l'académie sont à la recherche de nouvelles méthodes pour la conception des produits chimiques. Par conséquent, cette étude propose une approche méthodologique pour faciliter la prise de décisions dans la conception de produits de type émulsion. Les caractéristiques de la méthodologie proposée sont les suivantes: elle propose des méthodes pour l’analyse des besoins de consommateurs, la génération d'idées pour la conception du produit et la sélection du meilleur produit, en prenant en compte la nature multi-variée du problème de conception avec l'intégration de la notion de durabilité dans le processus de conception. La méthodologie comporte trois étapes de conception: Étape de besoins, étape de génération d'idées et étape de sélection d'idées. Dans la première étape, les besoins sont analysés et classifiés en fonction de leur impact sur la satisfaction du client. Ensuite, ils sont traduits aux spécifications du produit avec l’aide des experts et des clients. Les informations de saisie correspondent aux besoins des clients et celles de sortie correspondent aux spécifications du produit, c'est-à-dire des caractéristiques du produit qui peuvent être évaluées. Également, deux méthodes sont utilisées: le modèle de kano et la méthode QFD (Déploiement des Fonctions Qualités). Dans la seconde étape, les produits répondant aux spécifications sont conçus en suivant une démarche en trois phases: 1) le problème de conception est divisé selon un groupe défini de sous-problèmes généraux. 2) Chaque sous-problème est connecté à un groupe de stratégies de solution selon une première matrice de décision prédéfinie. 3) Les stratégies de solution sont connectées avec des ingrédients et des conditions opératoires selon une deuxième matrice de décision. Cette démarche est faite en utilisant deux matrices de décision développées dans cette recherche sur la base de la connaissance de science d'émulsion, ainsi que sur des connaissances des experts. Dans la troisième étape, les alternatives de produit sont évaluées selon le cahier de spécifications définis dans la première étape et les indicateurs de durabilité appropriés. Ces indicateurs sont utilisés pour évaluer et classer les alternatives de produit selon un indice de développement durable global. Pour développer cette étape un ensemble d'indicateurs évaluant la dimension économique, environnementale et sociale de produits est choisi et ils sont intégrés par la mise en oeuvre d’une méthode d'analyse de multi-critère. Finalement, afin d’illustrer la méthodologie, une étude de cas est développée: la conception d'une crème hydratanteEmulsion based chemical products, which belong to the category of micro-structured chemical products, have a broad range of commercial applications. Despite their importance, there is not a general methodology for their design. With the aim to contribute to the progress on this matter, this research presents a product design methodology focused on emulsion design with the following characteristics: it proposes methods for customer needs analysis, product ideas generation and selection of the best product alternative. It considers the multivariate nature of emulsion design by taking into account the multiple effects of design variables into product properties. It integrates sustainability concepts into the product design process. The methodology comprises three design stages: needs stage, ideas generation stage and ideas selection stage. In the needs stage, customer needs are first analyzed and classified according to their effect on customer satisfaction and second translated into product specifications with the aid of experts and customers. The input is customer needs, i.e., statements expressing customers’ desires about the product, and the output corresponds to product specifications, i.e., product characteristics that can be measured. To perform this stage two methods are used: Kano model and Quality Functional Deployment. In ideas generation stage, product concepts accomplishing product specifications are generated in three sub-steps: First, problem specifications are classified into a predefined group of design sub-problems. Second, each sub-problem is connected with one or more pre-defined solution strategies through a prefilled relational matrix. Third, compatible solution strategies are selected and connected to ingredients and processing conditions through a second relational matrix. As result, a set of product concepts is generated. Thisprocedure is developed by the implementation of two relational matrices proposed in this research based on emulsion science and expert knowledge. The first connects sub-problems with solution strategies and the second connects solution strategies with ingredients and processing conditions. In the selection stage, generated product concepts are evaluated according to product specifications. In addition, appropriated sustainability indicators are included to assess and rank product alternatives according to a global sustainability index. To perform this stage, a set of indicators are selected and integrated by the implementation of multi-criteria analysis methods. The application of the methodology is exposed with a case study: the design of a moisturizing cream
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Chamberlain, Matthew Kipp. "An Approach to Decision Support for Strategic Redesign." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19838.
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Researchers have paid relatively little attention to the fact that most design activities are actually more like redesign. These activities are characterized by an attempt to leverage experience, knowledge, and the capital that a company has already invested into existing engineering systems. In this dissertation, it is proposed that an approach be developed to aid designers in making decisions in redesign problems when there exist systems to be leveraged and multiple new systems to be created. In addition, strategy is introduced to the problem through the consideration that new systems may not be offered all at once, as is often assumed in product family design research. In this dissertation, the aim of the designer is assumed to be a creation, through redesign, of a series of new systems with desirable and distinct performance levels. In addition, a plan is required to involve as little redesign effort throughout the life of the family of systems as possible
The proposed approach is based upon the concepts of Constructal Theory and previous work to create methods for the design of mass customized families of products. The existing methods are abstracted and heavily modified through the infusion of the compromise Decision Support Problems at all stages of the decision-making process. In addition, two indices are developed to represent considerations unique to redesign as opposed to original design. These indices for redesign effort and commonality value are utilized in the overall objective formulation for the approach. Through a thorough validation process and a large number of redesign scenarios, it is shown that the overall approach proposed can lead the designer towards promising redesign plans involving leveraging of existing systems, but that the constructal-inspired approach in and of itself has certain limitations when applied to redesign.
Books on the topic "Product design approaches"
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Krishnan, Vish. A model-based approach for planning and developing a family of technology-based products. Cambridge, MA: Marketing Science Institute, 2000.
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Krishnan, Vish. A model-based approach for planning and developing a family of technology-based products. Cambridge, MA: Marketing Science Institute, 2000.
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Hu, Ruguo. Food product design: A computer-aided statistical approach. Lancaster, Pa: Technomic Pub. Co., 1999.
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Maik, Maurer, and Braun Thomas Dr -Ing, eds. Structural complexity management: An approach for the field of product design. Berlin: Springer, 2009.
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Chhajed, Dilip. An integrated approach to product design and process selection. [Urbana, Ill.]: College of Commerce and Business Administration, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1992.
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Getting design right: A systems approach. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2010.
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Chhajed, Dilip. An integrated approach to product design and process selection: Revised. [Urbana, Ill.]: College of Commerce and Business Administration, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1993.
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Lindemann, Udo. Structural complexity management: An approach for the field of product design. Berlin: Springer, 2009.
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Lindemann, Udo. Structural complexity management: An approach for the field of product design. Berlin: Springer, 2009.
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Lindemann, Udo. Structural complexity management: An approach for the field of product design. Berlin: Springer, 2009.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Product design approaches"
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Aguilera, J. M. "Towards Food Product Design." In Food Engineering: Integrated Approaches, 265–75. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-75430-7_15.
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Kumar, Ranjan, and Kaushik Kumar. "Design Thinking—Innovation Approaches and Challenges Toward Product Design." In Design Thinking, 41–63. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003189923-5.
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Sjöström, Jonas, Brian Donnellan, and Markus Helfert. "Product Semantics in Design Research Practice." In Shaping the Future of ICT Research. Methods and Approaches, 35–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35142-6_3.
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Nieveen, Nienke. "Prototyping to Reach Product Quality." In Design Approaches and Tools in Education and Training, 125–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4255-7_10.
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Sassanelli, Claudio, Paolo Rosa, and Sergio Terzi. "Exploring How Design Can Contribute to Circular Economy Through Design for X Approaches." In Product Lifecycle Management Enabling Smart X, 439–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62807-9_35.
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Keivanpour, Samira. "Industry 4.0 Impacts on the Sustainable Product, Process, and Material." In Approaches, Opportunities, and Challenges for Eco-design 4.0, 19–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87371-4_2.
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Esteves, Marcela, and Vladimir Andrade. "Designing Interaction Concepts, Managing Customer Expectation and Mastering Agile Development in Rich Application Product Development." In Human-Computer Interaction. Design and Development Approaches, 54–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21602-2_6.
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Wang, Donglin, Jiong Fu, and Yuning Qian. "Investigation on Research Model of Product Design Integrated with Big Data Technology." In Human-Computer Interaction. Theoretical Approaches and Design Methods, 312–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05311-5_22.
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Ostrosi, Egon, Denis Choulier, and Martin Kurth. "A Meta-Model for Engineering Analysis in Product Design." In Concurrent Engineering Approaches for Sustainable Product Development in a Multi-Disciplinary Environment, 545–56. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4426-7_47.
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Razinkov, Vladimir, Jerry Becker, Cenk Undey, Erwin Freund, and Feroz Jameel. "Automation and High-Throughput Technologies in Biopharmaceutical Drug Product Development with QbD Approaches." In Quality by Design for Biopharmaceutical Drug Product Development, 475–510. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2316-8_20.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Product design approaches"
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null. "Ethnography and design." In IEE Workshop on Soft Approaches to Product Introduction Improvement. IEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19971159.
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Jung, Sangjin, Timothy W. Simpson, and Christina Bloebaum. "Multi-Level Value-Driven Design Approaches for Product Family Design." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67432.
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Companies usually launch families of products into the market to provide value to different segments based on different customer needs; however, most of the research on Value-Driven Design (VDD) in the literature has focused on modeling value functions and optimizing the design of single products, not families of products. In order to increase profit and minimize total cost for product design and manufacturing, VDD should be applicable to product family design. In this work, we propose a multi-level VDD approach for product family design by extending multidisciplinary design optimization methods. The multi-level VDD is applied to a family of front-loading washing machines to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. With this example, we demonstrate that design problems that optimize traditional objective functions (e.g., cost, performance) at each level do not necessarily maximize value when compared to an appropriate VDD formulation. On the other hand, when the value function is set as an objective function throughout the organization (company, product family, and product level), we find that the VDD formulation provides the best value. Future work based on these promising findings is also discussed.
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Jagodzinski, P. "Use of ethnography to acquire an insider's view of engineering design teams." In IEE Workshop on Soft Approaches to Product Introduction Improvement. IEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19971161.
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Trott, Steven J., James E. Baxter, Alison McKay, Alan de Pennington, and Brian Henson. "Supporting Product Introduction Processes Through Product Structures." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/dtm-8745.
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Abstract This paper reports research on approaches for accessing and controlling product data within the Product Introduction Process (PIP) through the specification, prototyping, and integration of a set of product structures, product viewpoints and their relationships. A significant achievement has been the validation of a collection of computer-based models of product structures that enable the capture of work breakdown, product specification, product functionality, and the physical parts that comprise the product. Furthermore, a number of relationships between these product structures and the business processes that use and create them have been identified. The work presented in this paper demonstrates the importance of representing relationships between product introduction processes and products through the adoption of product structures. The potential for exploiting product structures to improve understanding of relationships between products and processes is illustrated. A case study captures flows of related functional and physical product structures within PIPs across a two-tier supply chain, and discusses the issues involved in supporting such related product and process information.
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Andrew, Heumann, and Ryan Mullenix. "Digitally Designing Collaboration: Computational Approaches to Process, Practice, and Product." In ACADIA 2014: Design Agency. ACADIA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.317.
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Fujita, Kikuo, and Kosuke Ishii. "Task Structuring Toward Computational Approaches to Product Variety Design." In ASME 1997 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc97/dac-3766.
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Abstract This paper discusses the direction toward computational approaches for product variety design. Product variety design here refers to an engineering challenge for designing multiple models simultaneously. This paper defines the formal representation of product variety design, and proposes a structure of design tasks involved in product variety. The analysis reveals several characteristics of product variety design, and identifies unique and essential tasks for simultaneously designing multiple models: correlation analysis, competing against system constraints, control variable selection, coverage distribution and combination selection. The paper closes with the scenario toward computational methods and difficulties to overcome for product variety optimization.
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Buck, Lyndon, and Sua Lee. "SUSTAINABLE DESIGN APPROACHES USING WASTE FURNITURE MATERIALS FOR DESIGN STUDENTS." In The 22nd International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education. The Design Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35199/epde.2020.38.
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Donaldson, Krista M., and Sheri D. Sheppard. "Approaches to Product Design in Kenya: Is Design Practice Universal?" In ASME 2004 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASME, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2004-57577.
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Ozcan, Arif. "New approaches in smart packaging technologies." In 10th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design,, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p1.
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Customer expectations have changed due to the developing technology and changing and improving product variety. This has led the printing industry, the packaging sector in particular, to grow considerably. The food industry along with the increasing need to preserve food long periods of time have led to the need to develop methods that preserve the freshness and safety of food products during their shelf-life. For this reason, attention was paid to packaging systems to facilitate food processing, preserve food quality, extend shelf-life, and prevent the food from spoiling. Thanks to these systems, packaging went beyond being a simple barrier outside the food, and has also taken upon roles of releasing protective agents or removing unwanted matter. Microbial growth is one of the most important factors that cause food to spoil. Although the problem has previously been tried to be solved by heating, drying, fermentation, freezing and adding antimicrobial agents, there are limitations, especially when used with fresh food. Today, a new generation of technologies have been introduced to monitor the condition of products with a tiny sensor or label placed onto the packaging. Smart packaging is a packaging material that not only improves the basic functions of a product, but also responds to stimuli around this product. Smart packaging in general, has two main categories, namely intelligent packaging and active packaging. This study will examine the concept of smart packaging that has emerged due to increased competitiveness, digital interaction and consumer awareness, changes in consumer behaviour and expectations, and improved interest in product safety. As a result, it is obvious that state-of-the-art smart packaging, which can connect to the Internet and has many channels of interaction, will bring about new business models and create new customer experiences and will replace conventional packaging, which has no interactions, in the near future.
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Flores Caldero´n, Alejandro, Vicente Borja, Marcelo Lo´pez Parra, and Alejandro C. Rami´rez Reivich. "A Conceptual Taxonomy Study of Sustainable Product Design Processes." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-13088.
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The evolution of methods on sustainable product design has been wining a high level of maturity showing the possibility of being applied to different types of products. This paper shows a comparative study of recent sustainable product design approaches. The study was carried out developing a three level taxonomy to compare the approaches: sustainable development, sustainable product development and sustainable product design tasks. The compared approaches were selected because they were considered the most robust and referred in the literature. The study provides designers an overview of the methods, vision, purpose and concepts used by the selected approaches to sustainable product design.
Reports on the topic "Product design approaches"
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Vigneri, Marcella, and Howard White. When time is of the essence: Timely evaluations in international development evaluation. Centre for Excellence and Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/cmb8.
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Timely evaluations produce results when they are needed to inform decision making while using appropriate, rigorous designs. While traditionally evaluations are carried out at the end of a programme, this brief explores methods for evaluation during the course of a programme. Such approaches are important for informing decisions on project design for which information is needed in a timely manner. Timely evaluations can be used when trying out new intervention approaches, when working in a new context, or when the context is rapidly changing.
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Amin, Sajeda. BALIKA study design. Population Council, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2016.1015.
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The BALIKA project evaluated whether three skills-building approaches to empower girls can effectively delay the age at marriage among girls aged 12–18 in parts of Bangladesh where child marriage rates are at their highest. BALIKA results show that programs that educate girls, build their skills for modern livelihoods and engage their communities can delay child marriage and produce better health, educational and social outcomes for girls.
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Fang, Mei Lan, Lupin Battersby, Marianne Cranwell, Heather Cassie, Moya Fox, Philippa Sterlini, Jenna Breckenridge, Alex Gardner, and Thomas Curtin. IKT for Research Stage 4: Study Design. University of Dundee, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001251.
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In 2020, the University of Dundee initiated the development of an Open Research strategy. As part of this initiative, in February 2021 the University’s Library and Learning Centre together with Open Research Champions from the Schools of Health Sciences and Dentistry, formed an Open Research Working group. To build on the University’s open research policy and infrastructure, the purpose of the group was to facilitate ongoing research and development of best practice approaches for our interdisciplinary environment to make outputs, data and other products of our research publicly available, building on University of Dundee’s Open Research policy and infrastructure. Through informal consultations with academic staff and students, the Open Research Working Group found that: → access and reach of research findings can be amplified through effective knowledge mobilisation, and stakeholder and patient and public involvement; and → there was a need for guidance and resources on how-to implement knowledge mobilisation activities with and for stakeholders throughout the entire research process – from proposal development to project completion. In June 2021, the Open Research working group, in partnership with Simon Fraser University’s Knowledge Mobilization Hub began the development of an Integrated Knowledge Translation (IKT) Toolkit, with funding support from the University of Dundee’s Doctoral Academy and Organisational Professional Development. IKT is an approach to knowledge translation that emphasises working in an engaged and collaborative partnership with stakeholders throughout the research cycle in order to have positive impact. The aim was to co-produce evidence-informed, best practice learning materials on how-to: → maintain ongoing relationships between researchers, community stakeholders and decision-makers in research development and implementation; and → facilitate an integrated, participatory way of knowledge production whereby researchers, practitioners and other knowledge users can collaborate to co-generate new and accessible knowledge that can be utilised in contexts ranging from supporting community development to policy guidance for practice. The IKT Toolkit was informed by a focused evidence review and synthesis of published peerreviewed and grey literature and consists of 8 knowledge briefs and a slide deck co-produced for use in any discipline or sector. Each knowledge brief provides practical guidance and resources to support an IKT process in each of eight key research stages: (i) Partnership Building; (ii) Generating Priorities and Ideas; (iii) Proposal development; (iv) Study Design; (v) Data Collection; (vi) Data Analysis; (vii) Reporting and (viii) Dissemination. The current knowledge brief provides IKT guidance on Research Stage 4: Study Design.
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Roschelle, Jeremy, Britte Haugan Cheng, Nicola Hodkowski, Lina Haldar, and Julie Neisler. Transfer for Future Learning of Fractions within Cignition’s Microtutoring Approach. Digital Promise, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51388/20.500.12265/95.
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In this exploratory research project, our team’s goal was to design and begin validation of a measurement approach that could provide indication of a student’s ability to transfer their mathematics understanding to future, more advanced mathematical topics. Assessing transfer of learning in mathematics and other topics is an enduring challenge. We sought to invent and validate an approach to transfer that would be relevant to improving Cignition’s product, would leverage Cignition’s use of online 1:1 tutoring, and would pioneer an approach that would contribute more broadly to assessment research.
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Avis, William. Technical Aspects of e-Waste Management. Institute of Development Studies, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.051.
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Population growth, increasing prosperity and changing consumer habits globally are increasing demand for consumer electronics. Further to this, rapid changes in technology, falling prices, increased affordability and consumer appetite for new products have exacerbated e-waste management challenges and seen millions of tons of electronic devices become obsolete. This rapid literature review collates evidence from academic, policy focussed and grey literature on the technical aspects e-waste value chains. The report should be read in conjunction with two earlier reports on e-waste management1. E-waste is any electrical or electronic equipment, including all components, subassemblies and consumables, which are part of the equipment at the time the equipment becomes waste. The exact treatment of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) can vary enormously according to the category of WEEE and technology that is used. Electrical and electronic items contain a wide variety of materials. As a result of this complex mix of product types and materials, some of which are hazardous (including arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury and certain flame retardants) multiple approaches to WEEE are required, each with specific technical guidelines. This report is structured as follows: Section two provides an introduction to the technical aspects of e-waste management, including a reflection on the challenges and complexities of managing a range of product types involving a range of components and pollutants. Section three provides an annotated bibliography of key readings that discuss elements of the technical aspects of managing e-waste. This bibliography includes readings on national guidelines, training manuals and technical notes produced by the Basel convention and courses. WEEE recycling can be a complex and multifaced process. In order to manage e-waste effectively, the following must be in place Legislative and regulatory frameworks Waste Prevention and minimisation guidelines Identification of waste mechanisms Sampling, analysis and monitoring expertise Handling, collection, packaging, labelling, transportation and storage guidelines Environmentally sound disposal guidelines Management is further complicated by the speed of technological advance with technologies becoming redundant much sooner than initially planned. Case studies show that the average actual lifetimes of certain electronic products are at least 2.3 years shorter than either their designed or desired lifetimes.
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Wolf, Eva. Chemikalienmanagement in der textilen Lieferkette. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627987.
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The World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg in 2002 set the goal of minimising the adverse impacts of chemicals and waste by 2020. This goal has not been achieved yet. Therefore, other approaches are needed to prevent, minimise, or replace harmful substances. One possible approach is this master thesis which deals with the challenges that the textile importer DELTEX is facing with regard to a transparent communication of chemicals used and contained in the product in its supply chain. DELTEX is bound by legal regulations and requirements of its customer and must ensure that there are no harmful substances in the garments. For each order, the customer requires a chemical inventory from DELTEX which contains the chemical substances and formulations used (so-called "order-wise chemical inventory"). Currently, the suppliers are not willing to pass this on to DELTEX. As a result, DELTEX is faced with the problem of having no knowledge of the materials used in the garments and is thus taking a high risk. The structure of this study is based on the transdisciplinary "delta analysis" of the Society for Institutional Analysis at the University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt. This compares the target state with the actual state and derives a delta from the difference. Based on this, suitable design options are to be developed to close the delta. The study defines the target state on the basis of normative requirements and derives three criteria from this, which can be used to measure design options. By means of guideline-based interviews with experts, an online survey and literature research, it examines the current state. The analysis shows that the relevant actors are in an unfavourable incentive and barrier situation. The textile supply chain can be seen as a complex construct in which a whole series of production sites (often in developing and emerging countries where corruption and low environmental standards exist) carry out many processing steps. Chemicals are used at almost all stages of processing, some of which have harmful effects on people and the environment. At the same time, factory workers in the production countries are under enormous price and time pressure and often have insufficient know-how about chemical processes. DELTEX is dependent on its main customer and therefore has little room for price negotiations. To close this delta, the study formulates design options on macro, meso and micro levels and measures them against the developed criteria. None of the measures completely meets all the criteria, which is why a residual delta remains. The study concludes that not one, but rather a combination of several design options at all levels can achieve the target state. For DELTEX, an alliance with other textile importers, membership in the Fair Wear Foundation, strengthening the relationship with its suppliers and cooperation with another customer are recommended. Furthermore, the use of material data tools that support proactive reporting approaches such as a Full Material Declaration is recommended. The study is carried out from the perspective of the textile importer DELTEX. The results can therefore only be applied to the entire textile supply chain to a limited extent.
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Roye, Thorsten. The Right Level of Automation for Industry 4.0. SAE International, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2022013.
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In its entirety, automation is part of an integrated, multi-disciplinary product development process including the design, process, production, logistics, and systems approach—it depends on all these areas, but it also influences them as well. Automation in aerospace manufacturing is present throughout the entire supply chain, from elementary part manufacturing at suppliers up to final assembly, and a clear understanding of all the benefits (and drawbacks) of automation would help designers and engineers select the right designs for and levels of automation. The Right Level of Automation Within Industry 4.0 examines all impacts of automation that should be known by designers, manufacturers, and companies before investments in automation-related decisions are made—regardless of the which industry they work in. The process and the set of criteria discussed in this report will help decision makers select the right level of automation.
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Zhang, Cheng, and Yue Yang. Impact of adaptive design on reducing the duration of clinical trials in rare cancers: a meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.2.0081.
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Review question / Objective: Whether the application of adaptive design in clinical trials of rare cancers can shorten the duration of clinical trials? Condition being studied: Currently, the development of innovative drug products (InMPs) for rare cancers faces many challenges, including the difficulty of enrolling sufficient numbers of patients from small and heterogeneous patient populations for clinical trials, and the significant risks of high financial investment, long development times and potential failure from a pharmaceutical company's perspective for rare cancer drugs due to limited knowledge of the natural history of the disease. Therefore, alternative approaches to clinical trial design are needed to conduct cost-effective, well-controlled analyses that can assess treatment effects in small, heterogeneous populations within shorter time frames. Adaptive trials, on the other hand, may be an effective solution to this problem. Adaptive clinical trials are designed to accelerate the clinical trial process by making predefined adjustments to key parameters through data accumulated at predefined time points during the trial without compromising the integrity and validity of the results.This study aims to examine the value of adaptive design in reducing the duration of clinical trials in rare cancers and encourage their wider implementation.
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Gurevitz, Michael, Michael E. Adams, and Boaz Shaanan. Structural Elements and Neuropharmacological Features Involved in the Insecticidal Properties of an Alpha Scorpion Neurotoxin: A Multidisciplinary Approach. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7573061.bard.
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Integrated pest management in modern crop protection requires the use of chemical or biological insecticides in many instances. Nontheless, the use non-selective chemical insecticides poses risks to the environment and livestock and consequently urgent need exists for safer alternatives, which target insects more specifically. Scorpions produce anti-insect selective polypeptide toxins that are biodegradable and not toxic to wam-blooded animals. Therefore, mobilization of these substances into insect pest targets is of major interest. Moreover, clarification of the molecular basis of this selectivity may provide valuable information pertinent to their receptor sites and to the future design of peptidomimetic anti-insect specific substances. These toxins may also be important for reducing the current overuse of chamical insecticides provided they have a synergistic effect with conventional pesticides. All of these objectives were addressed in this research. A direct approach for plant protection was the mobilization of toxins into target pests using baculoviral vectors. The other approach was to develop a suitable system enabling the elucidation of the toxin bioactive site, which would enable design of insecticidal peptidomimetics. In parallel, the mode of action and synergistic effects of scorpion insecticidal toxins, were studied at the sodium channel receptor site. All the above approaches show great promise and clearly indicate that scorpion insecticidal toxins may provide powerful means in insect pest control.
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Greene, Anne, Kelly Waldron, and Nuala Calnan. Quality Risk Management: State of the Industry—Part 1. Has the Industry Realized the Full Value of ICH Q9? Institute of Validation Technology, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21507090.ar1152014agkwnc-qrmsoi.
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This paper summarizes research designed to characterize the current state of pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries with respect to the adoption of Quality Risk Management as per ICH Q9. The research supports the hypotheses that the full value of QRM with respect to product quality and patient safety has not yet been realized. In addition, industry appears to be lagging behind regulatory expectations with respect to QRM maturity, indicating that current approaches to QRM require significant improvement.