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Academic literature on the topic 'Produced waters'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 January 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Produced waters"

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Ghosh, Santanu, Tushar Adsul, Balram Tiwari, Dinesh Kumar, and Atul Kumar Varma. "Exploring Geochemical Signatures in Production Water: Insights from Coal Bed Methane and Shale Gas Exploration—A Brief Review." Methane 3, no. 1 (March 4, 2024): 172–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/methane3010011.

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This article furnishes a brief review of the geochemistry of waters produced during coal bed methane and shale gas exploration. Stable deuterium and oxygen isotopes of produced waters, as well as the stable carbon isotope of dissolved inorganic carbon in these waters, are influenced by groundwater recharge, methanogenic pathways, the mixing of formation water with saline water, water–rock interactions, well completion, contamination from water from adjacent litho-units, and coal bed dewatering, among many others. Apart from the isotopic fingerprints, significant attention should be given to the chemistry of produced waters. These waters comprise natural saturated and aromatic organic functionalities, metals, radioisotopes, salts, inorganic ions, and synthetic chemicals introduced during hydraulic fracturing. Hence, to circumvent their adverse environmental effects, produced waters are treated with several technologies, like electro-coagulation, media filtration, the coupling of chemical precipitation and dissolved air flotation, electrochemical Fe+2/HClO oxidation, membrane distillation coupled with the walnut shell filtration, etc. Although produced water treatment incurs high costs, some of these techniques are economically feasible and sustain unconventional hydrocarbon exploitation.

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Journal, Baghdad Science. "Oilfield Produced Water Management: Treatment, Reuse and Disposal." Baghdad Science Journal 9, no. 1 (March 4, 2012): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.9.1.124-132.

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Produced water is accompanied with the production of oil and gas especially at the fields producing by water drive or water injection. The quantity of these waters is expected to be more complicated problem with an increasing in water cut which is expected to be 3-8 barrels water/produced barrel oil.Produced water may contain many constituents based on what is present in the subsurface at a particular location. Produced water contains dissolved solids and hydrocarbons (dissolved and suspended) and oxygen depletion. The most common dissolved solid is salt with concentrations range between a few parts per thousand to hundreds parts per thousand. In addition to salt, many produced waters also contain high levels of heavy metals like zinc, barium, chromium, lead, nickel, uranium, vanadium and low levels of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM).This study will highlight the main aspects of the different international experiences with the produced water treatment for subsequent reuse or disposal. These different treatment methods vary considerably in effectiveness, cost and their environmental impacts. Samples of produced water from Al-Mishrif formation in ten wells belongs to five fields southern Iraq were taken and analyzed chemically to define the basic features of these waters and to have guide lines for the best strategy that required handling the increased water cut in these fields.

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Al-Razaq, Ayad A. Al-Haleem A. "Oilfield Produced Water Management: Treatment, Reuse and Disposal." Baghdad Science Journal 9, no. 1 (March 4, 2012): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2012.9.1.124-132.

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Produced water is accompanied with the production of oil and gas especially at the fields producing by water drive or water injection. The quantity of these waters is expected to be more complicated problem with an increasing in water cut which is expected to be 3-8 barrels water/produced barrel oil.Produced water may contain many constituents based on what is present in the subsurface at a particular location. Produced water contains dissolved solids and hydrocarbons (dissolved and suspended) and oxygen depletion. The most common dissolved solid is salt with concentrations range between a few parts per thousand to hundreds parts per thousand. In addition to salt, many produced waters also contain high levels of heavy metals like zinc, barium, chromium, lead, nickel, uranium, vanadium and low levels of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM).This study will highlight the main aspects of the different international experiences with the produced water treatment for subsequent reuse or disposal. These different treatment methods vary considerably in effectiveness, cost and their environmental impacts. Samples of produced water from Al-Mishrif formation in ten wells belongs to five fields southern Iraq were taken and analyzed chemically to define the basic features of these waters and to have guide lines for the best strategy that required handling the increased water cut in these fields.

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Miadonye, Adango, and Mumuni Amadu. "Theoretical Interpretation of pH and Salinity Effect on Oil-in-Water Emulsion Stability Based on Interfacial Chemistry and Implications for Produced Water Demulsification." Processes 11, no. 8 (August 17, 2023): 2470. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11082470.

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The petroleum industry produces thousands of barrels of oilfield waters from the initial stage driven by primary production mechanisms to the tertiary stage. These produced waters contain measurable amounts of oil-in-water emulsions, the exact amounts being determined by the chemistry of the crude oil. To meet strict environmental regulations governing the disposal of such produced waters, demulsification to regulatory permissible levels is required. Within the electric double layer theory, coupled with the analytical solutions to the Poisson–Boltzmann Equation, continuum electrostatics approaches can be used to describe the stability and electrokinetic properties of emulsions. In the literature, much of the surface charge density and zeta potential relationship to emulsion stability has been confined to systems with less salinity. In this paper, we have exploited the theoretical foundations of the electric double layer theory to carry out theoretical evaluations of emulsion salinity based on zeta potential and surface charge density calculations. Most importantly, our approaches have enabled us to extend such theoretical calculations to systems of the higher salinity characteristic of oil-in-water emulsions found in oilfield-produced waters, based on crude oil samples from the literature with varying surface chemistry. Moreover, based on the definition of acid crude oils, our choice of samples represents two distinct classes of crude oils. This approach enabled us to evaluate the stability of emulsions associated with these produced oilfield waters in addition to predicting the potential of demulsification using demulsifiers. Given that the salinity range of this study is that encountered with the vast majority of produced oilfield waters, the findings from our theoretical predictions are perfect guides as far as emulsion stability is concerned.

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Wang, Jingbo, Dian Tanuwidjaja, Subir Bhattacharjee, Arian Edalat, David Jassby, and Eric M. V. Hoek. "Produced Water Desalination via Pervaporative Distillation." Water 12, no. 12 (December 18, 2020): 3560. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12123560.

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Herein, we report on the performance of a hybrid organic-ceramic hydrophilic pervaporation membrane applied in a vacuum membrane distillation operating mode to desalinate laboratory prepared saline waters and a hypersaline water modeled after a real oil and gas produced water. The rational for performing “pervaporative distillation” is that highly contaminated waters like produced water, reverse osmosis concentrates and industrial have high potential to foul and scale membranes, and for traditional porous membrane distillation membranes they can suffer pore-wetting and complete salt passage. In most of these processes, the hard to treat feed water is commonly softened and filtered prior to a desalination process. This study evaluates pervaporative distillation performance treating: (1) NaCl solutions from 10 to 240 g/L at crossflow Reynolds numbers from 300 to 4800 and feed-temperatures from 60 to 85 °C and (2) a real produced water composition chemically softened to reduce its high-scale forming mineral content. The pervaporative distillation process proved highly-effective at desalting all feed streams, consistently delivering <10 mg/L of dissolved solids in product water under all operating condition tested with reasonably high permeate fluxes (up to 23 LMH) at optimized operating conditions.

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Naomi Amoni Ogolo, Pascal Ugwu, Martins Otokpa, Imo Ukut, and Mike O. Onyekonwu. "Detecting Scaling Potential in Oilfield Waters." Journal of Applied Science & Process Engineering 10, no. 1 (April 30, 2023): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jaspe.5092.2023.

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Production of formation water during petroleum exploitation is sometimes inevitable, necessitating disposal strategies. Produced formation water can be re-injected back into the reservoir either for enhanced oil recovery schemes or for the purpose of disposal. In any case, there is a need to prevent scale formation because it leads to permeability impairment. In this work, formation water compatibility tests were conducted to detect scaling potentials using the Langelier Saturation Index (LSI). Six water samples were used; four produced water samples intended for use in water injection schemes and two water samples obtained from reservoirs needing water injection programs. The water composition of scale-forming elements such as barium, strontium and calcium were determined for all the samples. Other determined parameters included pH values, total dissolved solids (TDS) and LSI. The LSI for different ratios of produced and reservoir water mixtures were determined. Laboratory results indicated that all the water samples contained scale-forming elements and compounds, and they all had to scale potential at ambient temperature but especially at higher temperatures. The produced formation waters were incompatible with the reservoir waters in terms of their scale-forming tendency. To prevent scale formation, especially at higher temperatures, it was recommended that scale inhibitors be used with the least scale-forming produced water. It was also recommended that produced formation waters be subjected to fluid compatibility studies before use in water injection schemes to prevent scale formation.

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Harasymchuk, Vasyl, Halyna Medvid, Oleh Cheban, and Olha Telehuz. "Observance of the principle of environmental conversion in the extraction of hydrocarbon raw material on the example of the Dobrivliany gas condensate field (Precarpathian oil-and-gas-bearing region)." Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals 3-4, no. 195-196 (2024): 87–99. https://doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2024.195-196.087.

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The implementation of the principle of ecological conversion during the extraction of hydrocarbons at the Dobrivliany gas condensate field consists in the return of highly mineralized and enriched with microcomponents and organic matter produced waters to depleted horizons. From 2022 the volumes of produced water reach 275 m3/year. From the beginning of the development of the field to the end of 2023, 572.37 m3 of produced water were from the beginning of the development of the deposit to the end of 2023, 250 m were accumulated and utilized. It has been established that the chemical parameters of produced waters are identical to those of the aquifers of the field. They have a calcium-sodium chloride, magnesium-sodium composition, with increased mineralization values. Total dissolved solids of waters, depending on the aquifer from which they came, is 28.5–100.3 g/dm3. Its lower values are characteristic of the Badenian-Sarmatian aquifer complex, while higher values are characteristic of the Mesozoic-Carpathian complex. The values of total dissolved solids of these waters almost do not change during 2017–2023. Total dissolved solids of waste water mixtures in collection tanks (settling tanks) during the period of analytical research was 31.72–77.66 g/dm3. The waters were characterized by a slightly acidic reaction (pH 6.07–6.80). The content of total Ferrum does not exceed 16.8 mg/dm3, ammonium – 105.1 mg/dm3, Bromine – 193 mg/dm3, Iodine – 42.3 mg/dm3, petroleum products – no more than 7.3 mg/dm3, methanol – < 0.1 mg/dm3. Injection of produced waters is carried out through well No. 4. The reservoir-collector ND-12a in this well is characterized by favourable conditions: average porosity – 19.5 %, permeability – 0.1–0.8 mD, thickness – up to 86 m. It is well isolated by waterproof rocks that provide hydrodynamic closure of the system. The acceptability of well No. 4 is 15 m3/h (360 m3/day). The geochemical compatibility of produced waters with waters of the horizon ND-12a was evaluated, which does not involve precipitation of salts and clogging of the pore space. The results of monitoring studies of the chemical composition of the waters of the Quaternary aquifer of the field site and nearby settlements indicate the absence of the impact of the utilization of produced waters.

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Kurchikov, A. R., and M. V. Vashurina. "ASPECTS OF ECOLOGY SAFETY AT OPERATING THE FRESH GROUND WATERS INTAKE FACILITIES FOR RESERVOIR PRESSURE MAINTENANCE PURPOSES IN OIL FIELDS OF WEST SIBERIA." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 1 (February 28, 2016): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2016-1-21-27.

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The aspects of ecology safety related to operation of underground fresh waters intake facilities aimed at maintenance of reservoir pressure at development of oil fields are discussed in the article. When speaking about a change of the fresh underground waters state in the process of their use the authors imply the produced water quality degradation (pollution of productive water-bearing intervals); lowering of the water level in the reservoir (damage of hydrodynamic conditions, depression cone formation). The main, most significant factors determining the change, mentioned above, include inadequacy to meet the normative requirements toward the technical condition of wells of different purposes and the adjacent territory, absence of systematic control of the produced water quality and the impact of the produced fluid (water, oil, gas) quantity on the level conditions of the underground fresh waters. The suggested ways for optimization of these factors and the methods of control will permit to improve the ecology safety of the discussed above waters use.

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Amakiri, Kingsley Tamunokuro, and Naomi Amoni Ogolo. "QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF DISPOSED OILFIELD PRODUCED WATER IN THE NIGER DELTA." Romanian Journal of Petroleum & Gas Technology 4 (75), no. 1 (2023): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.51865/jpgt.2023.01.08.

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Oilfield produced water is the largest waste stream generated during oil and gas production and it has a high potential for contamination of marine environments when disposed without treatment. However, effective treatment before disposal is acceptable, but meeting the approved standards for discharge remains a challenge for the petroleum industry. To determine the extent of compliance with regulated standards in the Niger Delta, the physicochemical properties of produced water from two oil fields before and after treatment were investigated in this study. Concentrations of heavy metals and organic compounds in the water samples were analysed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer and gas chromatography respectively. Results show that oilfield waters from the Niger Delta contain high concentrations of heavy metals and organic compounds. It is observed that treated produced waters for disposal fall below the approved standards for heavy metals and organic compounds while concentrations of dissolved oxygen fall below 5mg/l which is detrimental to aquatic organisms. Disposal of large volumes of such waters into the ecosystem over an extended period of time endangers aquatic lives and degrades the marine environment. It is therefore recommended that produced water be re-injected back into the very formations from where they are produced to ensure environmental protection and preservation of marine ecosystems.

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Shafer-Peltier, Karen, Colton Kenner, Eric Albertson, Ming Chen, Stephen Randtke, and Edward Peltier. "Removing scale-forming cations from produced waters." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 6, no. 1 (2020): 132–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ew00643e.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Produced waters"

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Multon, Lance Michael. "Removal of oil from produced waters." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60239.pdf.

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Jackson, Richard E. "Geochemistry of coalbed natural gas produced waters in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1799840421&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Tohidikaloorazy, Foroogh. "Fundamental controls on kinetic hydrate inhibitor performance and polymer removal from produced waters." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/3235.

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Gas hydrate formation is one of the major concerns in the oil and gas industry, posing considerable risks to production operation when it is not controlled. Gas hydrates are traditionally avoided by injecting thermodynamic inhibitors (THIs) such as methanol or MEG, however over the past two decades, in response to economic and HS&E concerns associated with THIs, low dosage “Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitors” (KHIs) have seen increasing use in the industry as an alternative. Although KHIs use is now quite widespread and can offer considerable CAPEX/OPEX benefits, their hydrate inhibition mechanisms are still relatively poorly understood. In this thesis, a novel PVT phase behaviour/ crystal growth inhibition (CGI) method previously developed in-house has been used to study fundamental controls on KHI inhibition mechanisms in terms of gas and aqueous phase composition, pressure, polymer type and presence of other pipeline chemicals. Particular focus has been placed on gas composition, notably acid/sour gases, with results strongly suggesting that cage occupancy patterns play a crucial role in KHI inhibition performance as a function of pressure and presence of CO2 and H2S being a significant factor. In contrast, work on the effect of pH does not suggest pH reduction to be the main contributor to the observed behaviour in system containing CO2/H2S. In addition, extensive studies on KHI-THI mixtures for different KHI polymers in multi-component natural gas systems have revealed a potential synergistic effect of methanol up to a certain concentration, while proving a consistent ‘top-up’ effect for ethylene glycol, opening up options for novel combined KHI-THI inhibition strategies. While KHIs are gaining particular interest, there is the issue of handling/disposal of produced waters with the potential of polymer fouling problems. To address this problem, robust evaluation of a recently developed solvent extraction based polymer removal method shows this to have significant promise. Results also suggest that presence of other pipeline chemicals will not affect the removal effectiveness significantly. Work has also been expanded to examine whether the treatment chemicals themselves might offer a novel means to create “water immiscible KHIs” for certain applications. Results indicate that such a KHI formulation can work well, even though the bulk of the polymer is not in the aqueous phase but in an immiscible organic chemical. The treatment chemical extraction method also opens up options for potential KHI recovery and re-use.

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Furrow, Brendan Eugene. "Analysis of hydrocarbon removal methods for the management of oilfield brines and produced waters." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2611.

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According to the Texas Railroad Commission (TRC), ????over 250 billion gallons of produced water is taken out of Texas Soil every year, and more than 35% of this water is not currently fit to use.?? Therefore, it can be assumed that domestically and globally, the petroleum industries challenge has been to develop a high-tech and cost effective method to purify the large volumes of oilfield brines and produced water. Currently, most of the produced water requires several pre- and post- treatment methods to aide in reducing fouling of membranes, separation of components, increasing influent and effluent quality, and preventing unwanted work stoppage during the desalination process. As a result, the pre- and post- treatment conditioning of the produced water affects the economics and scale-up (i.e. residence times, absorption capacity, etc??) of the varying processes parameters. Therefore, this research focuses on developing an economic analysis and determining the adsorption capacity of an organoclay system to remove oil.

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Johnson, Brenda Marie. "Remediation of risks in natural gas storage produced waters the potential use of constructed wetland treatment systems /." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1171041556/.

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Dong, Xiao. "Techno-Economic Analysis of a Cost-Effective Treatment of Flowback and Produced Waters via an Integrated Precipitative Supercritical Process." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1429533649.

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King, Lyle A. "Land application with saline-sodic coalbed natural gas co-produced waters in Wyoming's Powder River Basin impacts to soil and biological properties /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1221694361&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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BARBOSA, Tellys Lins Almeida. "Desempenho e validação de um sistema com automação para processos de separação água/óleo com membranas cerâmicas." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2014. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/531.

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Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-04-30T17:51:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TELLYS LINS DE ALMEIDA BARBOSA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEQ 2014..pdf: 2340446 bytes, checksum: 3a2ea16e16c4359a82b431379410d16c (MD5)
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O presente trabalho visa estudar o desempenho e validação de um sistema com automação para processos de separação de águas oleosas com membranas cerâmicas. O trabalho foi dividido em duas partes: testes em escala de bancada e no sistema com automação. Nos ensaios em escala de bancada foram realizados experimentos de caracterização da membrana cerâmica com água deionizada e com efluente sintético, com intuito de estimar o comportamento das membranas para auxiliar no desenvolvimento do sistema com automação. Para avaliar o desempenho dos sistemas de separação água/óleo com membranas cerâmicas os seguintes parâmetros foram analisados: fluxo do permeado (J, em L/h.m2) e taxa de rejeição de óleo. Nos experimentos no sistema com automação foi avaliado o desempenho no processo de separação água/óleo com membranas cerâmicas, o efluente sintético utilizado obedeceu às mesmas condições do sistema de bancada. Os experimentos com efluente sintético foram simulados com concentração de óleo fixada em 20 mg/L. Observou-se que a redução do fluxo de permeado com o tempo de operação é fortemente dependente da pressão e do teor de óleo emulsionado, podendo ser relacionada aos fenômenos de polarização por concentração, inerentes aos PSM. Contudo, a redução do fluxo no permeado foi atenuada no sistema com automação que possui processos de limpeza backpulse e backwash. Quanto à taxa de rejeição da fase dispersa, para todas as condições analisadas, apresentou-se maior que 97%. A utilização do backwash tendo como agente de limpeza uma solução de hidróxido de sódio não foi eficaz na recuperação do fluxo do permeado, porém o comportamento do processo de limpeza foi extremamente satisfatório o que indica com a mudança do agente de limpeza no processo terá uma melhor recuperação do fluxo do permeado. A partir dos experimentos realizados no sistema com automação os resultados obtidos demostram potencial para separação com membranas cerâmica, para o tratamento de águas oleosas.
This work aims to study the performance and validation of system with automation to oily water separation processes with ceramic membranes. It was divided into two phases: laboratory-scale tests and tests with the system with automation. In the laboratory-scale tests, experiments to characterize the ceramic membrane were carried out with deionized water and synthetic effluent, aiming to estimate the behavior of membranes to assist the developing of the system with automation. To evaluate the performance of the water-oil separation systems with ceramic membranes the following parameters were analyzed: permeate flow (J, L/h.m2) and oil rejection rate. In the experiments with the automatic system the performance was evaluated in oil-water separating process with ceramic membrane, the synthetic effluent used followed the same conditions as the benchtop system. The experiments with synthetic effluent were simulated with oil concentration set at 20 mg/L. It was observed that the reduction of the permeate flux with the operation time is strongly dependent of the pressure and emulsified oil content, may be related to concentration polarization, inherent to membrane separation processes. However, the reduction of permeate flow was attenuated in the system with automation where backpulse and blackwash cleaning processes were used. The dispersed phase rejection rate, for all conditions analyzed, was greater than 97%. The backwash cleaning system having sodium hydroxide as cleaning agent was not effective to increase the permeate flow, but the cleaning agent performance was extremely satisfactory which indicates that the change of the cleaning agent in the process will increase the flow in the permeate stream. From the experiments carried out with the system with automation results demonstrate the potential for separation with ceramic membranes, for oily water treatment.

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Furno, Laetitia. "Etude et caractérisation d’additifs anticorrosion utilisés dans l’industrie pétrolière par chromatographie en phase liquide à ultra haute performance et spectrométrie de masse haute résolution." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPSLS028.

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Les additifs sont des mélanges complexes de substances chimiques utilisés en petite quantité pour améliorer la production, ou prévenir des problèmes (corrosion des infrastructures, formation d’émulsions, dépôts de cire, etc.). Ces produits sont mal connus des industriels qui les utilisent car les compositions sont gardées secrètes par les fournisseurs, et les méthodes de suivi usuellement employées sont peu sensibles et souvent non spécifiques. L’objectif de la thèse est d’améliorer la connaissance de l’une de ces familles d’additifs, les inhibiteurs de corrosion, et de développer une approche UHPLC-HRMS permettant leur analyse dans des eaux de production.Dans un premier temps, une méthode UHPLC-HRMS a été développée. Un criblage de colonnes a été mené sur 8 colonnes de chromatographie en phase inverse, afin de trouver celle qui permettrait la meilleure séparation de molécules modèles représentatives de celles retrouvées dans les additifs commerciaux. Pour réaliser cette comparaison multicritère, les fonctions de désirabilité de Derringer ont été utilisées. Dans un second temps, trois additifs commerciaux ont été analysés en HRMS (Orbitrap) et en spectrométrie de masse en tandem. La haute résolution, ainsi que l’étude des mécanismes de fragmentation des ions, ont permis l’élucidation des structures des molécules majoritairement présentes dans les mélanges commerciaux. Ensuite, la méthode UHPLC-HRMS développée a été appliquée pour l’analyse des inhibiteurs de corrosion précédemment étudiés, dans de l’eau pure et dans des eaux de production. Enfin, il a été observé que ces additifs peuvent s’adsorber sur de nombreuses surfaces, incluant le verre des flacons utilisés pour l’injection en chromatographie. La méthode développée a donc été mise en œuvre pour mieux comprendre les phénomènes d’adsorption des inhibiteurs de corrosion à l’aide notamment de plans d’expériences, et ainsi mieux maitriser leur quantification
Additives are blends of chemicals used in small quantities to improve production or prevent issues (infrastructure corrosion, emulsion formation, wax deposits, etc.). These products are not well understood by the end user because their composition is kept secret by suppliers, and the monitoring methods typically employed are not very sensitive and often non-specific. The objective of the thesis is to improve the understanding of one of these families of additives, the corrosion inhibitors, and to develop a UHPLC-HRMS method for their analysis in produced waters.Firstly, a UHPLC-HRMS method was developed. A column screening was conducted on 8 reverse-phase chromatography columns to find the one that would allow the best separation of model molecules representative of those found in commercial additives. To perform this multi-criteria comparison, Derringer’s desirability functions were used. Secondly, three commercial additives were analyzed using HRMS (Orbitrap) and tandem mass spectrometry. The high resolution, as well as the study of ion fragmentation mechanisms, allowed the elucidation of the structures of the molecules predominantly present in the commercial mixtures. Then, the developed UHPLC-HRMS method was applied to the analysis of the commercial corrosion inhibitors previously studied, in pure water and in produced waters. Finally, it has been observed that these additives can adsorb onto various surfaces, including the glass of the vials used for injection in chromatography. The developed method was therefore implemented to better understand the adsorption phenomena of corrosion inhibitors, using experimental designs, and thus better control their quantification

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Sousa, Magna Ang?lica dos Santos Bezerra. "Desenvolvimento de um destilador solar para tratamento de ?guas de produ??o de petr?leo com vistas a sua utiliza??o na agricultura e gera??o de vapor." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2004. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15754.

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The production of petroleum is frequently accomplished with great volumes of water, that it is carried of the underground with the oil. It is a challenge of the present century the development of technologies that allow the use of waste water for purposes that consume great amounts of water and don't demand as rigid as the one of the drinking water requirements. The solar distillation has been configuring as an alternative of clean technology for desalination of brine and saline. Besides causing the minimum possible damage to the environment, it takes advantage of an abundant and free energy source: the solar energy. That study aims to develop a Solar Distillator for treatment of the produced water of the oil wells, to obtain an efluent to use in agriculture and vapor generation. The methodology for collection, conservation and analysis of the physical-chemical parameters obeyed the norms in APHA (1995). The sampling was of the composed type. Experiments were accomplished in the solar distillation pilot and simulation in thermostatic bathing. The operation was in batch system and for periods of 4, 6 and 12 h. The developed Distillator is of the type simple effect of two waters. It was still tested two inclination angles for covering; 20? and 45?. The Distillator presented minimum of 2,85 L/m2d revenues and maximum of 7,14 L/m2d. The removals of salts were great than 98%. The removal of TOC in the simulation was great than 90%. In agreement with the data of energy and mass balance, it was verified that the developed solar Distillator presented compatible revenues with those found in literature for similar types. It can be inferred that the obtained distilled water assists to the requirements CONAMA in almost all the points and could be used for irrigation of cultures such as cotton and mamona. As the distilled water has characteristics of fresh water it can be used in the generation of vapor
A produ??o de petr?leo ? realizada freq?entemente com grandes volumes de ?gua, que ? carreada do subsolo junto com o ?leo. ? desafio do presente s?culo o desenvolvimento de tecnologias que possibilitem ou uso ou reuso de efluentes para outros fins. A destila??o solar ? uma alternativa de tecnologia limpa para dessaliniza??o de ?guas salobras e salinas. Esse estudo visa desenvolver um Destilador Solar para tratamento da ?gua de produ??o de petr?leo, com vistas a se obter um efluente pass?vel de utiliza??o na agricultura e gera??o de vapor. A metodologia para conserva??o e an?lise dos par?metros f?sico-qu?micos obedeceu preconiza??o do APHA (1995). A amostragem foi do tipo composta. Foram realizados experimentos no destilador solar piloto e simula??o em banho termost?tico. A opera??o foi em sistema de batelada e por per?odos de 4, 6 e 12 h. O destilador desenvolvido ? do tipo simples efeito de duas ?guas. Testou-se ainda dois ?ngulos de inclina??o para cobertura; 20? e 45?. O destilador apresentou rendimentos m?nimo de 2,50 L/m2d e m?ximo de 7,5 L/m2d. As remo??es de sais foram superiores a 98%. A remo??o de TOC na simula??o foi superior a 90%. De acordo com os dados dos balan?os energ?tico e de massa, verificou-se que o destilador solar desenvolvido apresentou rendimentos compat?veis com os encontrados na literatura para seus similares. Enfatiza-se que o isolamento utilizado n?o estava nas condi??es de otimiza??o, logo, esse rendimento pode ser melhorado. Pode-se inferir que a ?gua destilada obtida atende aos requisitos CONAMA em quase todos os pontos, podendo ser utilizada, com ressalvas, na irriga??o de culturas n?o comest?veis como o algod?o e a mamona. Como a ?gua destilada tem caracter?sticas de ?gua doce pode ser utilizada na gera??o de vapor

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Books on the topic "Produced waters"

1

Dunne, Ed J., ed. Flowback and Produced Waters. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/24620.

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1950-, Rabalais Nancy N., and Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, eds. Fate and effects of nearshore discharges of OCS produced waters. New Orleans (1201 Elmwood Park Boulevard, New Orleans 70123-2394): U. S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico OCS Regional Office, 1991.

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Wanty, Richard B. USGS research on saline waters co-produced with energy resources. Denver, CO: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.

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F, Boesch Donald, Rabalais Nancy N. 1950-, United States. Minerals Management Service. Gulf of Mexico OCS Region., and Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium, eds. Produced waters in sensitive coastal habitats: Central coastal Gulf of Mexico. New Orleans: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico OCS Regional Office, 1989.

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McLaughlin, J. Fred. 2009 coalbed natural gas regional groundwater monitoring update: Powder River Basin, Wyoming. Laramie, Wyoming: Wyoming State Geological Survey, 2012.

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Stafford, James E. 2012 coalbed natural gas regional groundwater monitoring update: Powder River Basin, Wyoming. Laramie, Wyoming: Wyoming State Geological Survey, 2013.

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7

Neff, Jerry M., and Kenneth Lee. Produced water: Environmental risks and advances in mitigation technologies. New York: Springer, 2011.

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K, Otton James, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Effects of produced waters at oilfield production sites on the Osage Indian Reservation, northeastern Oklahoma. [Reston, Va.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.

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K, Otton James, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Effects of produced waters at oilfield production sites on the Osage Indian Reservation, northeastern Oklahoma. [Reston, Va.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.

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O'Neil, Patrick E. Development of an instream bioassessment methodology for the surface disposal of coalbed methane produced waters. Tuscaloosa, Ala: Geological Survey of Alabama, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Produced waters"

1

Rayle, M. F., and M. M. Mulino. "Produced Water Impacts in Louisiana Coastal Waters." In Produced Water, 343–54. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2902-6_28.

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Sauer, T. C., T. J. Ward, J. S. Brown, S. O’Neil, and M. J. Wade. "Identification of Toxicity in Low-TDS Produced Waters." In Produced Water, 209–22. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2902-6_17.

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Cox, R. J. "Subsurface Disposal of Produced Waters: An Alberta Perspective." In Produced Water, 549–60. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2902-6_43.

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Hamilton, L. D., A. F. Meinhold, and J. Nagy. "Health Risk Assessment for Radium Discharged in Produced Waters." In Produced Water, 303–14. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2902-6_25.

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Neff, J. M., T. C. Sauer, and N. Maciolek. "Composition, Fate and Effects of Produced Water Discharges to Nearshore Marine Waters." In Produced Water, 371–85. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2902-6_30.

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Simms, K., A. Zaidi, and O. Bhargava. "A Protocol for Determining Oil and Grease in Produced Waters." In Produced Water, 455–71. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2902-6_36.

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Nakles, D. V., I. Ortiz, and J. R. Frank. "An Analysis of Management Strategies for Produced Waters from Natural Gas Production." In Produced Water, 73–87. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2902-6_7.

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Turnbull, R. W., and S. J. Tulloch. "Dissolved Component Removal from Oilfield Waters." In Produced Water 2, 425–29. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0379-4_39.

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Gulley, D. D., D. R. Mount, J. R. Hockett, and H. L. Bergman. "A Statistical Model to Predict Toxicity of Saline Produced Waters to Freshwater Organisms." In Produced Water, 89–96. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2902-6_8.

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Fillo, J. P., S. M. Koraido, and J. M. Evans. "Sources, Characteristics, and Management of Produced Waters from Natural Gas Production and Storage Operations." In Produced Water, 151–61. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2902-6_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Produced waters"

1

Ireland, Jim. "Corrosion Monitoring Of Produced Waters." In Technical Meeting / Petroleum Conference of The South Saskatchewan Section. Petroleum Society of Canada, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/ss-85-12.

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Holliday, George H. "A Need for Converting Produced Waters to Useable Waters." In E&P Environmental and Safety Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/105094-ms.

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Boal, Andrew K., and Charles Mowery. "Chloramine: An Effective Biocide for Produced Waters." In SPE Produced Water Handling & Management Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/174528-ms.

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Galindo, Tanhee. "Optimizing Fluid Compatibility in Produced Waters." In Unconventional Resources Technology Conference. Tulsa, OK, USA: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15530/urtec-2020-1052.

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Franks, Rich, Xiaofei Huang, and Craig Bartels. "Improved Reverse Osmosis Membranes for Treating Produced Water." In SPE Western Regional Meeting. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209256-ms.

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Abstract For many years, reverse osmosis (RO) elements have been used in the treatment of produced water, including at several sites in California. The RO reduces salts and organics in the produced water to a level that allows for disposal or reuse. The RO elements used to treat produced water are similar in chemistry and construction to the conventional seawater RO membrane. But compared to seawater, the characteristics of produce water are unique and varied. The conventional seawater membrane comes with pressure and temperature limitations that restrict its ability to treat a wide range of produced waters. Specifically, conventional membranes have a temperature limit and a pressure limit. Only a portion of the produce waters needing treatment fall within the membrane's temperature and pressure limitations. Many produced waters, including produce waters associated with SAGD, require membranes that can accommodate higher temperatures up to 60 C. Other produced waters may allow for treatment at ambient temperatures but their higher salinities above 60,000 mg/l TDS require RO membrane to overcome high osmotic pressures and operate at feed pressures up to 1800 psi. In recent years, membrane manufacturers have enhanced their exiting RO elements to address the challenges associated with the treatment of unique industrial streams such as produced water. Specifically, new, more robust element construction allow designers to push beyond the normal limits of temperature and pressure. One such element allows for operation at temperatures up to 90 C while a second, ultra high-pressure RO (UHPRO), can concentrate the total dissolved salts (TDS) up to 120,000 ppm (12%) while operating at pressures up to 1,800 psi (124 bar). These unique elements can be used to increase the overall efficiency of the treatment facility by reducing the cost of brine disposal and maximizing water recovery. This paper will show how these new elements perform when operated beyond conventional pressure and temperature limits - including how individual ion passage and water permeability are affected at extreme conditions. This paper will share element performance data from laboratory and pilot studies. The data will be used as a basis for new designs at the extreme conditions associated with produced water treatment.

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Taylor, Windle. "NORM In Produced Water Discharges in the Coastal Waters of Texas." In SPE/EPA Exploration and Production Environmental Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/25941-ms.

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Kaishentayev, Damir, and Berna Hascakir. "Pretreatment of Produced Waters Containing High Total Dissolved Solids." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206371-ms.

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Abstract There are mainly two types of solids in the oil field waters; Suspended Solids (SS) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). While it is easy to remove SS from water, removal of TDS requires the application of advance filtration techniques such as reverse osmosis or ultra-filtration. Because these techniques cannot handle high volumes of the oilfield waters with high TDS content, produced waters originated from hydraulic fracturing activities cannot be treated by using these advance technologies. Thus, in this study we concentrated on the pretreatment of these waters. We investigated the feasibility of the Coagulation, Flocculation, and Sedimentation (CFS) process as pretreatment method to reduce mainly SS in Produced Water (PW) samples. We collected samples from 14 different wells in the Permian Basin. First, we characterized the water samples in terms of pH, SS, TDS, Zeta potential (ZP), Turbidity, Organic matter presence and different Ion concentration. We tested varying doses of several organic and inorganic chemicals, and on treated water samples we measured pH, TDS, SS, Turbidity, ZP and Ions. Then, we compared obtained results with the initial PW characterizations to determine the best performing chemicals and their optimal dosage (OD) to remove contaminants effectively. The cation and anion analyses on the initial water samples showed that TDS is mainly caused by the dissolved sodium and chlorine ions. ZP results indicated that SS are mainly negatively charged particles with absolute values around 20 mV on average. Among the tested coagulants, the best SS reduction was achieved through the addition of ferric sulfate, which helped to reduce the SS around 86%. To further lessen SS, we tested several organic flocculants in which the reduction was improved slightly more. We concluded while high TDS in the Permian basin does not implement a substantial risk for the reduction of fracture conductivity, SS is posing a high risk. Our study showed, depending on components of the initial PW, reuse of the pretreated water for fracturing may minimize fracture conductivity damage.

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8

Bridle, M. "Treatment of SAGD Produced Waters Without Lime Softening." In SPE International Thermal Operations and Heavy Oil Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/97686-ms.

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9

Pillard, D. A., J. M. Evans, and D. L. DuFresne. "Acute Toxicity of Saline Produced Waters to Marine Organisms." In SPE Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/35845-ms.

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Ochi, J., J.-L. Detienne, P. Rivet, and Y. Lacourie. "External Filter Cake Properties During Injection of Produced Waters." In SPE European Formation Damage Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/54773-ms.

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Reports on the topic "Produced waters"

1

Krumhansl, James Lee, Jason Pless, Tina Maria Nenoff, James A. Voigt, Mark L. F. Phillips, Marlene Axness, Diana Lynn Moore, and Allan Richard Sattler. Desalination of brackish ground waters and produced waters using in-situ precipitation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/919133.

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2

T.M. Whitworth and Liangxiong Li. MODIFIED REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEM FOR TREATMENT OF PRODUCED WATERS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826003.

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Robert L. Lee and Junghan Dong. MODIFIED REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEM FOR TREATMENT OF PRODUCED WATERS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/827721.

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4

Tuggle, K., M. Humenick, and F. Barker. Treatment of produced waters by electrocoagulation and reverse osmosis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10187607.

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T.M. Whitworth and Liangxiong Li. MODIFIED REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEM FOR TREATMENT OF PRODUCED WATERS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/816388.

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6

Negri, M. C., R. R. Hinchman, and J. Mollock. Biotreatment of produced waters for volume reduction and contaminant removal. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/554814.

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7

McGrail, Bernard. Magnetic Nanoparticle Extraction of Lithium from Produced Waters - CRADA 483. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1867265.

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8

Lynn E. Katz, R.S. Bowman, and E.J. Sullivan. TREATMENT OF PRODUCED OIL AND GAS WATERS WITH SURFACTANT-MODIFIED ZEOLITE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/826265.

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Lynn E. Katz, E.J. Sullivan, and R.S. Bowman. TREATMENT OF PRODUCED OIL AND GAS WATERS WITH SURFACTANT-MODIFIED ZEOLITE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/816386.

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Lynn E. Katz, E.J. Sullivan, and R.S. Bowman. TREATMENT OF PRODUCED OIL AND GAS WATERS WITH SURFACTANT-MODIFIED ZEOLITE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/816387.

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