Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Procurement'
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Cizner, Pavel. "Procurement Automation." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-359252.
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The research goal was to find out the current and possible level of procurement automation and its contribution to less routine and more creative jobs. The goal was accomplished by literature review and data collection via survey. The data collected evaluated enterprises in developing and developed countries. The research hypothesis of developing countries automating more than developed ones was not supported by the data tested via Mann-Whithey U test. The data collected was from 146 respondents from all around the world. Therefore, there are limitations of the conclusions. The thesis and its survey contributes to the knowledge about the level of procurement automation.
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Mahanama, Dissanayaka Sunil. "Comparing procurement and non-procurement related contributors to project performance." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20666913.
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Fu, Qi. "Portfolio procurement management /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?IELM%202007%20FU.
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Flisníková, Klára. "Procurement KPIs analysis." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-194223.
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The work aims to analyze and deduce subsequent key performance indicators in the Procurement department of the gas transmission company operating in the Czech Republic. In the first part are summarized the theoretical principles concerning procurement processes and performance measurement theories. By combining these two theoretical scopes was created a concept of Balanced Scorecard for Procurement and simultaneously was drawn a process for derivation of the key performance indicators. In the practical part were analyzed current processes in the procurement department and simultaneously were performed external and internal analyses and from the ascertained data was formed the SWOT matrix. Subsequently, the findings from the theoretical part were used and was proceeded accordingly to the pre-defined process in order to identify key performance indicators. In the conclusions were summarized the outputs of the work, the proposed key performance indicators and recommendations were given for successful implementation of the indicators into the process.
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Yuksek, Murat. "Legal Framework Comparison Of Public Procurement Law With State Procurement Law." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12605854/index.pdf.
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This thesis makes the comparison of legal frameworks of the two Procurement Laws, the New Public Procurement Law (4734) and the Ex-State Procurement Law (2886) respectively. As a result of this comparison, it is seen that a lot of provisions starting from tender notice time limits to the awarding of contracts, have been changed substantially by the introduction of Turkish Public Procurement Law. Besides this comparison, the related procurement directive on construction works in European Community, namely EEC 93/37 is analyzed through the topics pertinent to the New Public Procurement Law, from which it is observed that there are both similar and different application regarding tender process in this directive when compared with the provisions of Turkish Public Procurement Law on construction works. This thesis study also aims to put forward the conception of Turkish contractors about the New Public Procurement Law by means of a questionnaire containing 15 questions. From the results of questionnaire, it is seen that majority of the contracting companies have a positive attitude towards the New Public Procurement Law although some provisions of the Law do not meet the expectations
of the companies.
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Nompunga, Simpiwe. "The theory and practice of procurement systems and affirmative procurement policy." Thesis, Click here for online access, 2005. http://dk.cput.ac.za/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1075&context=td_cput.
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Aldherwi, Aiman. "Conceptualising a Procurement 4.0 Model for a truly Data Driven Procurement." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar produktionsutveckling (ML), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297583.
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Purpose - Procurement is an integrated part of the supply chain and crucial for the success of manufacturing. Many organisations have already started the digitalisation of their manufacturing processes using Industry 4.0 technologies and consequently trying to understand how this would impact the procurement function. The research purpose is to conceptualize a procurement of 4.0 model for a truly data driven procurement. Two research questions were proposed to address the model from digital capabilities and sustainability preceptive. Design/Methodology/approach - This study is based on a systematic literature review. A method of reviewing the literature and the current research for the propose of conceptualizing a procurement 4.0 model. Findings - The findings from the literature review contributed to the development of a proposed procurement 4.0 model based on Industry 4.0 technologies, applications, mathematical algorithms and procurement processes automation. The model contributes to the research field by addressing the gap in the literature about the lack of visualization and conceptualization of procurement 4.0. Originality/Value - The current literature discusses the advantages, implementation and impact of individual or a group of industry 4.0 technologies and applications on procurement but lacks visualization of the transformation process of combining the technologies to enable a truly data driven procurement. This research supports the creation of knowledge in this area. Practical Implementation /Managerial Implications - The proposed model can support managers and digital consultants to have practical knowledge from an academic perspective in the area of procurement 4.0. The knowledge from the literature and the systematic literature review is used to create knowledge on procurement 4.0 applications and analytics taking in to consideration the importance of visibility, transparency, optimization and the automation of the procurement function and its sustainability.Syfte - Upphandling är en integrerad del av supply chain och avgörande för tillverkningens framgång. Många organisationer har redan börjat digitalisera sina tillverkningsprocesser med hjälp av Industry 4.0-teknologier och försöker därför förstå hur detta skulle påverka upphandlingsfunktionen. Målet med studien är att konceptualisera en upphandling av 4.0-modellen för en verkligt datadriven upphandling. Två forskningsfrågor föreslogs för att ta itu med modellen från digital kapacitet och hållbarhet. Design / metod / tillvägagångssätt - Denna studie baseras på en systematisk litteraturstudie. En metod för att granska litteraturen och den aktuella forskningen för att föreslå konceptualisering av en upphandlings 4.0-modell. Resultat - Resultaten från litteraturstudien bidrog till utvecklingen av en föreslagen upphandlings 4.0-modell baserad på Industry 4.0-teknologier, applikationer, matematiska algoritmer och automatisering av upphandlingsprocesser. Modellen bidrar till forskningsområdet genom att ta itu med klyftan i litteraturen om bristen på visualisering och konceptualisering av upphandling 4.0. Originalitet / värde - Den nuvarande litteraturen diskuterar fördelarna, implementeringen och effekten av individer eller en grupp av industri 4.0-teknologier och applikationer på upphandling men saknar visualisering av transformationsprocessen för att kombinera teknologierna för att skapa en verklig datadriven upphandling. Denna forskning stöder skapandet av kunskap inom detta område. Praktisk implementering / chefsimplikationer - Den föreslagna modellen kan stödja chefer och digitala konsulter att ha praktisk kunskap ur ett akademiskt perspektiv inom området upphandling 4.0. Kunskapen från litteraturen och den systematiska litteraturstudien används för att skapa kunskap om inköp 4.0 applikationer och analyser med beaktande av vikten av synlighet, transparens, optimering och automatisering av upphandlingsfunktionen och dess hållbarhet.
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BOLOGNINI, SARA. "Towards the evaluation of innovation procurement: The Pre-Commercial Procurement in Italy." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/291095.
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Negli ultimi due decenni, l'uso strategico degli appalti pubblici è diventato un tema sempre più centrale della politica europea dell'innovazione poiché può migliorare i servizi pubblici guidando il cambiamento tecnologico verso obiettivi socialmente condivisi. L'applicazione degli appalti pubblici in acquisti innovativi si basa su una triplice logica: (1) il miglioramento dei servizi pubblici; (2) l'incentivo delle aziende a essere più innovative; e (3) il perseguimento di obiettivi o missioni sociali più ampie. Il dibattito accademico ha affrontato, in diverse prospettive, il ruolo degli appalti pubblici come motore dell'innovazione. Dagli anni 90 ', diversi autori si sono interessati al ruolo degli appalti come strumento di politica dell'innovazione, hanno discusso degli appalti pubblici come uno degli elementi critici di una politica di innovazione orientata alla domanda e hanno sottolineato il ruolo dei policymakers nella promozione pratiche favorevoli all'innovazione in tutti i tipi di appalti. Nonostante la crescente consapevolezza che la domanda pubblica può stimolare l'innovazione, gli investimenti dedicati all'adozione di soluzioni innovative in Europa sono appena sopra la metà del livello atteso. uesta tesi affronta il tema degli appalti per l'innovazione concentrandosi sull'attuazione degli appalti Pre-commerciali (o Pre-Commercial Procurement-PCP), un approccio relativamente nuovo per l'approvvigionamento di servizi di ricerca e sviluppo, definito dalla Commissione Europea COM (2007) 799. La tesi considera i tre attori chiave coinvolti l'implementazione della politica di approvvigionamento di innovazione: il decisore politico, l'acquirente pubblico e il fornitore. Analizzando in parallelo (e in qualche modo anche congiuntamente) queste tre diverse prospettive sulle esperienze di appalto PCP, la dissertazione mira a valutare la politica degli appalti per l'innovazione nel quadro politico italiano. A questo proposito, la tesi si basa su tre studi originali: Studio 1- L'esperienza in italiano e nelle regioni italiane; Studio 2- Il punto di vista del procuratore; Studio 3-La prospettiva dei fornitori.L'approccio metodologico per l'intero lavoro si basa sul "Monitoraggio, valutazione e valutazione dell'impatto delle attività legate all'innovazione" (MLE- on Innovation Related Procurement), che incoraggia l'approccio multi-metodo di triangolazione nella valutazione delle politiche di appalti pubblici per l'innovazione. Lo studio 1. adotta principalmente: "analisi della legislazione", "ricerca documentale”. Lo studio 2. applica un approccio di mixed-method basato principalmente su "Survey" e "interviste One-to-one" con attori chiave dal lato del committente (coinvolgendo 12 delle 18 pubbliche amministrazioni che hanno gestito PCP in Italia). Lo studio 3. fa leva sulla metodologia del "caso studio" supportata dalla "osservazione partecipativa"; tale studio ha coinvolto Tech4Care Srl, una start up italiana particolarmente attiva nel campo degli appalti PCP. L'analisi dei tre studi ha portato a diverse considerazioni, che possono essere brevemente riassunte come segue. La politica sugli appalti per l'innovazione, sebbene fortemente promossa, è relativamente immatura per quanto riguarda l'attuazione e la valutazione sia a livello nazionale che regionale. L'appalto PCP potrebbe effettivamente rappresentare un'ottima opportunità di crescita dal lato per l’impresa. Il fornitore può sperimentare un notevole miglioramento riguardo lo sviluppo del business grazie all'esperienza dei PCP. Tuttavia, alcuni requisiti preliminari del fornitore potrebbero essere necessari per sfruttare appieno le opportunità del PCP. Anche l’Ente appaltante subisce generalmente impatti positivi diretti e indiretti. Tuttavia, quando un Appalto di Innovazione non segue l'esperienza del PCP, la conoscenza derivante dall'attività di ricerca e sviluppo rimane non sfruttata dal punto di vista dell’attore pubblico. Over the two past decades, the strategical use of public procurement has increasingly become a central theme of European innovation policy. Public Demand for Innovation can improve public services steering technological change towards socially shared objectives. The application of public procurement of goods and services to innovation has thus a triple rationale: (1) the improvement of public services; (2) the incentive of supplier firms to be more innovative; and (3) the pursuit of broader societal goals or missions. Academic debate has, in different perspectives, dealt with the role of public procurement as an innovation driver. From 90', authors interested on the role of procurement as an innovation policy tool or as a tool of industrial policy, have discussed public procurement as one of the critical elements of a demand-oriented innovation policy and have emphasised the role of policymakers in promoting innovation-friendly practices across all types of procurement. Despite the growing awareness of public demand to spur innovation, the investments devoted to adopting innovative solutions in Europe are just above half of the ambition level. This dissertation addresses the theme of innovation procurement by focusing on the implementation of Pre-commercial procurement, which is a relatively new approach to procuring R&D services, defined by the European Commission's COM (2007) 799. The dissertation considers the three key actors involved in the innovation procurement policy implementation: the policymaker, the procurer, and the supplier. By analysing in parallel (and somehow also jointly) these three different perspectives on the Pre-Commercial Procurement experiences, the dissertation aims to evaluate innovation procurement policy in the Italian policy framework. In this respect, the thesis is built upon three original studies: Study 1- The experience in Italian and in the Italian Regions; Study 2- The Procurer’s perspective; Study 3-The Suppliers perspective. The methodology approach for the whole dissertation draws on the "Monitoring, evaluation and impact assessment of innovation-related" (MLE- on Innovation Related Procurement), which encourages the triangulation multi-methods approach in Innovation public procurement policies evaluation. Study 1. primarily adopts: "Legislation analysis", "documentary desk research". Study 2. applies a mixed-method approach mainly based on "Survey" and "One-to-one interviews" with key actors from the procurer's side (involving 12 out of 18 public administration who has run PCP in Italy). Study 3. leverages the "case study" methodology supported by the "participatory observation"; this study involved Tech4Care Srl, an Italian start-up particularly active in the Pre-Commercial procurement field. The analysis of the three studies led to several considerations, which can be briefly picked up as follow. The Innovation procurement policy, although severely promoted, is relatively immature concerning the implementation and evaluation both at the national and regional level. The pre-commercial procurement could effectively represent an excellent opportunity for growing concerning the supply-side. The supplier can experience a strengthened improvement concerning business development due to the PCPs experience. However, some preliminary requirements of the supply-side may be necessary to exploit the PCP opportunities fully. Concerning the procurer-side, the Procuring Entity (PE) generally experiences either direct and indirect positive impacts. However, when a wider PPI does not follow the PCP experience, the knowledge arisen from R&D activity remains unexploited from the Procurer side.
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Kuyzu, Gultekin. "Procurement in Truckload Transportation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14618.
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We address a number of operational challenges encountered in two emerging types of practices in the procurement of truckload transportation services: collaboration and auctions. The main objective in these two types of procurement strategies is identifying and exploiting synergies between the lanes of a carrier's network. In shipper collaboration, we take the perspective of a shipper who collaborates with other shippers to seek synergy between his lanes and other participants' lanes. On the other hand, in procurement auctions, although we take the carriers' perspective in our work, a shipper tries to discover the carrier (or carriers) whose network has the most synergy with his lanes.
The first part of the thesis concerns the solution of optimization problems arising in collaborative transportation procurement networks where a group of shippers comes together and jointly negotiates with carriers for the procurement of transportation services. Through collaboration, shippers may be able to identify and submit sequences of continuous loaded movements to carriers, reducing the carriers' need for repositioning, and thus lowering the carriers' costs. A portion of the carriers' cost savings may be returned to the shippers in the form of lower prices. We discuss optimization technology that helps identify repeatable, dedicated truckload continuous move tours with little truck repositioning. Timing considerations are critical to practical viability and are a key focus of our efforts. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithms on randomly generated instances as well as on instances derived from real-world data.
The second part concerns the pricing of transportation services offered by the trucking companies (carriers). We look at the bid determination problem faced by carriers in transportation procurement auctions where a shipper requests quotes from multiple carriers and purchases the services of the lowest bidder. The specific problem being studied is the bid valuation problem in the case where the carrier must place bids on multiple lanes simultaneously. We model the problem as a stochastic optimization problem and propose a coordinate search algorithm for solving this problem. Then, we conduct a simulation study to demonstrate the positive impact of the approach on carrier profits.
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Brianas, Christopher G. "DoN procurement metrics evaluation." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10027.
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MBA Professional ReportThe purpose of this MBA Project was to investigate and provide a comprehensive evaluation of the current Department of the Navy Procurement Metrics that are collected. These metrics are collected by the Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Acquisition Management. This project was conducted at their request and with their support. The goal of this project was to determine if the current metrics are the appropriate procurement performance measures. Specifically, this MBA Project attempted to answer these three questions: (1) Do the metrics align with strategy? (2) Can they be measured effectively? and (3) Are they linked to value? The framework used to explore these questions is Robert Simon's Levers of Control model. These procurement metrics are part of a Diagnostic Control System and are being evaluated as such. Simon's Nature of Measures model is also used in the analysis and helps determine metric objectiveness, completeness and responsiveness.
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Huang, Jefferson. "Piecewise truckload network procurement." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70766.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-110).
Faced with procuring transportation over its freight network, a shipper can either bid out all of its lanes at once, or somehow divide up the network and bid it out in pieces. For large shippers, practical concerns such as attendant manpower requirements and exposure to financial/operational risks can make the former undesirable or even infeasible. Such a shipper therefore needs to determine how to best allocate the lanes in its freight network to different bids to be run at different times. This thesis addresses this allocation problem. Two related approaches are presented. The first focuses on explicitly preserving the synergies that arise in truckload network operations while attempting to balance the sizes of each bid, and is framed as a graph partitioning problem. The second treats lanes as independent entities and frames network allocation as a bin-packing problem, with constraints that attempt to achieve both balance and, implicitly, synergy preservation. These two approaches are illustrated and evaluated using a small subnetwork consisting of lanes from a large shipper. While the graph partitioning approach works in theory, the as yet unresolved question of what constitutes a "correct" synergy definition for network partitioning purposes, and the practical significance of the constraints considered in the bin-packing approach, make this second approach more attractive. The development of a lane allocation model that can explicitly consider inter-lane synergies as well as the kinds of constraints addressed in the second approach is left for future work.
by Jefferson Huang.
S.M.
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Delpiazzo, Rodríguez Carlos Enrique. "Public Procurement and Sustainability." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118738.
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Currently, we can say that the environment is one of the most important topics, being that its incidence is increasingly valued by society.In that sense, in this article we study the figure of sustainable procurement. In this regard, the author believes that it would imply a due balance between wealth creation and social welfare. Therefore, the figure study goes beyond the change of words, but involves a change inperspective that should be analyzed in the light of the principles governing the law.Actualmente, podemos afirmar que el medio ambiente es uno de los temas más importantes a tratar, siendo que su incidencia es cada vez más valorada por la sociedad. En ese sentido, en el presente artículo se aborda el concepto y función que cumpliría en nuestra sociedad la figura de la contratación sostenible. Al respecto, el autor considera que la misma implicaría un debido balance entre la generación de riqueza y el bienestar social. Por lo tanto, la figura estudiada va más allá de la variación de palabras, sino que implica un cambio en la perspectiva que debe ser analizada a la luz de los principios que rigen el derecho.
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Shields, M. Dale. "An examination of the importance of purchase planning and decision management activities in industrial firms." Connect to resource, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1263049285.
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Newell, Robert E. "Effects on procurement productivity at Naval hospitals utilizing the Automated Procurement System (APS)." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1994. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA291709.
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Leal, Pedro Manuel Mariano. "Evolution in public procurement and the impact of e-procurement platforms: a case study." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10312.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsThe aim of this project is to understand the evolution that occurred in the public procurement due to the new Public Contracts Code that changed the procurement procedures and forced public entities to use electronic procurement platforms. This work is a contribution to the understanding of the main procurement changes with this new code as well to understand the impact and functioning of electronic procurement platforms. Moreover, a case study is presented, using the Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, to assess the impacts of these changes and the inevitable adjustments needed.
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Messner, Stephan. "Procurement strategies in the health sector: how advanced are procurement processes in portuguese hospitals." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10279.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsApplying advanced strategies for procurement can save hospitals substantial amounts of money. Many different strategies exist which fulfil different aims. Group purchasing organizations, the use of a consignment stock and supplier performance management are especially suited to improve the hospitals’ procurement. Based on focus interviews with procurement managers of Portuguese hospitals it became clear that there is enormous room to improve the general way how procurement is done but also the application of the three strategies mentioned. Given the overall importance of hospital logistics, the hospitals’ performance could make substantial progress when improving the hospitals’ procurement processes.
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Shabbir, Aqsa. "Corruption in infrastructure procurement : a study based on procurement of infrastructure projects in Pakistan." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/corruption-in-infrastructure-procurement--a-study-based-on-procurement-of-infrastructure-projects-in-pakistan(90318909-f748-4428-a7da-e8a60f6210d7).html.
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The main purpose of this research project is to bridge the existing knowledgegap in the empirical identification and understanding of the most frequentcorrupt actions and the causes behind during procurement of infrastructureprojects in Pakistan, in addition to exploring the ways to enhance institutionalbasedtrust between the participants of the procurement process. Consequentlythe study aims to provide a conceptual framework to control corruption ininfrastructure procurement while proposing the institutional trust-buildingmechanisms. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches are utilised in thisstudy to achieve this research aim. Quantitative research data is collected usinga questionnaire survey. A total of 450 questionnaires were sent to variouspeople engaged in procurement of infrastructure projects in Pakistan. Theresponse rate was 36.7% (n=165). The questionnaire comprises of two mainquestions; one is about the most frequent corrupt actions in traditional andPublic Private Partnership (PPP) infrastructure procurement processes whileother question asks about the perceived institutional trust-building mechanismsin context of infrastructure procurement market in Pakistan. Various appropriatestatistical methods, including Mean Ranking and ANOVA were utilised toanalyse the collected data. The questionnaire survey was followed by 15 indepth semi-structured interviews with a variety of stakeholders. Theseinterviews provided information on various causes of corruption and reasons asto why people do not for example report a known incident of corruption. A traditional content analysis approach was used to analyse the data collectedusing interviews. From the analysis a cyclical framework of corruption controlemerged, and this is outlined within the thesis. The goal of this framework is tofacilitate procurement stakeholders (individuals, groups, or organisations), toimprove their anti-corruption plans from project to project. This research studyhas filled the knowledge gap through identifying the top twenty potentialcorrupt practices in traditional and PPP infrastructure procurement processes inPakistan and explored the causes behind their occurrence. The study alsorecommends the solutions to mitigate this problem throughout the life cycle ofprocurement process. In addition, the study proposes the institutional trustbuildingmechanisms in the context of infrastructure procurement market inPakistan to cater for the likely loss in trust due to perceived level of corruptionin this sector. The study has also introduced a conceptual framework to controlcorruption in infrastructure procurement process in general and particularly inPakistan. The framework does not intend to introduce new alternatives butinstead builds on existing practices so that users can more easily adapt to theimprovement. The findings of this research are believed to be useful for allpractitioners who are either considering or currently involved in infrastructureprocurement process in Pakistan and trying to avoid or minimise the influenceof corruption.
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McCarthy, Teresa F. "Innovating the standard procurement process." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA359892.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1998."December 1998." Thesis advisor(s): Mark E. Nissen, David V. Lamm. Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-129). Also available online.
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Szerman, Dimitri. "Public procurement auctions in Brazil." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/681/.
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This thesis provides an empirical analysis of data generated by ComprasNet, the online procurement bidding platform developed and used by the Brazilian federal government. ComprasNet is a large bidding platform used since 2001 by more than 2200 public purchasing units who list around one million lots each year. Over 70,000 unique bidders have participated in these auctions. In 2010, 46 percent of all procurement for the federal government was conducted through ComprasNet, totaling R$ 27 billion, or 0.7 percent of Brazil’s GDP. In short, these auctions represent a large share of federal tenders and a substantial amount is contracted through them each year. Chapter 1 provides an overview of ComprasNet. After reviewing the literature on various topics which this dissertation contributes to, I describe the institutional background surrounding ComprasNet. I then present the baseline data used throughout the remainder of this dissertation. Chapter 2 addresses one important aspect of designing an online ascending auction, namely how to end the auction. ComprasNet varied its ending rules over time, providing an unique opportunity to test theories of bidder behaviour, as well as assessing the impact of ending rules on auction outcomes. Chapter 3 analyses a two-stage auction format which ComprasNet uses. Two-stage designs have long been proposed by the theoretical literature, but there are virtually no empirical works apart from experimental studies. Finally, chapter 4 analyses a bid preference programme targeted at small and micro enterprises (SMEs). The programme consists of setting aside eligible lots for SMEs. We first use eligibility rules as a source of exogenous variation in the treatment assignment to estimate the effects of the programme on auction outcomes. We then set up an open auction model with endogenous entry and asymmetric bidders and estimate the model’s primitives. In particular, we estimate entry costs, which we interpret as red tape costs.
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Sutton, David R. "Multiyear procurement: a desktop guide." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/8709.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedThis thesis provides a desktop guide to assist the program manager in the use of multiyear procurement. Information is provided to help the program manager in selecting multiyear candidates and guidance is provided to assist the program manager in the implementation of multiyear procurement. A questionnaire was used to elicit information from multiyear procurement users about problematic issues they have encountered. It is difficult to develop a system that meets the disparate needs of the contractor, Department of Defense, and Congress. The end result has been the development of a system based on compromise and accommodation. The responses to the questionnaires indicated, while there are aspects of multiyear procurement that some program offices would, at times, like to change, multiyear procurement is workable as is
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Carlsson, Axel, and Eric Oxelbark. "Public Procurement - Pitfalls and Possibilities." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikations- och transportsystem, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119953.
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Syftet med denna studie är att den ska lyfta fram problematiken byggföretagen upplever samt fungera som en fingervisning om i vilken riktigt eventuella förändringar i upphandlandets genomförande kan göras. Målet är att ta reda på vad branschen tycker om LOU och hur företagen förhåller sig till lagen. Vilka är dess problemområden som orsakar misstro och överklaganden? Undersökningens frågeställning: Vad tycker entreprenörerna om tillvägagångssättet? Vilken förändring skulle entreprenörerna vilja se?
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Ray, James L., Raymond W. Smith, and Miguel Joseph G. San. "Competitive procurement of electrical power." Thesis, Monterey, California: U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/22680.
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Beck, David John. "Qualitative fastener standards: procurement issues." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27230.
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Guzmán-Barrón, Sobrevilla César, and Maravi Rigoberto Zúñiga. "Institutional Arbitration in Public Procurement." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117229.
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In the present article, the authors give us an overview about the advantages of institutional arbitration over ad hoc arbitration, on public procurement matter. Thus, starting by describing the present situation of arbitration on that field, they describe the advantages of institutional arbitration, in favor of reaching a more efficient and transparent arbitration system, which is the desired goal.En el presente artículo, los autores nos dan un panorama de las ventajas del arbitraje institucional sobre el arbitraje ad hoc, en materia de contratación pública. Así, partiendo del panorama actual del arbitraje en dicha materia, describen las ventajas del arbitraje institucional, en aras de tener un sistema más eficiente, transparente, que es el objetivo deseado.
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Carpio, Ramírez Carlos. "Public Procurement and Precautionary Measures." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118792.
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In the present paper, the author analyses some problems that he considers relevant on the field of the public procurement on Peru and Latin America. Parting from the problems on the application of the Public Procurement Law in Peru, he proposes the installation of a new instance that watches for the right behavior of supervisor entities of public procurement.En la presente ponencia, el autor analiza algunos de los problemas que considera más relevantes en la situación actual de la contratación pública en el Perú y en Latinoamérica. A partir de los defectos que presenta la aplicación de Ley de Contrataciones del Estado en el Perú, propone la creación de una nueva instancia que vigile el correcto actuar de las entidades supervisoras de dichas contrataciones.
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Schindler, Sven. "Public Electronic Procurement kommunaler Einkaufsgemeinschaften." Chemnitz GUC - Verl. der Ges. für Unternehmensrechnung und Controlling, 2008. http://www.guc-online.de/index_67.html.
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Stiti, Karim, and Shih Jung Yape. "Bid Forecasting in Public Procurement." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-260258.
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Public procurement amounts to a significant part of Sweden's GDP. Nevertheless, it is an overlooked sector characterized by low digitization and inefficient competition where bids are not submitted based on proper mathematical tools. This Thesis seeks to create a structured approach to bidding in cleaning services by determining factors affecting the participation and pricing decision of potential buyers. Furthermore, we assess price prediction by comparing multiple linear regression models (MLR) to support vector regression (SVR). In line with previous research in the construction sector, we find significance for several factors such as project duration, location and type of contract on the participation decision in the cleaning sector. One notable deviant is that we do not find contract size to have an impact on the pricing decision. Surprisingly, the performance of MLR are comparable to more advanced SVR models. Stochastic dominance tests on price performance concludes that experienced bidders perform better than their inexperienced counterparts and companies place more competitive bids in lowest price tenders compared to economically most advantageous tenders (EMAT) indicating that EMAT tenders are regarded as unstructured. However, no significance is found for larger actors performing better in bidding than smaller companies.Offentliga upphandlingar utgör en signifikant del av Sveriges BNP. Trots detta är det en förbisedd sektor som karakteriseras av låg digitalisering och ineffektiv konkurrens där bud läggs baserat på intuition snarare än matematiska modeller. Denna avhandling ämnar skapa ett strukturerat tillvägagångssätt för budgivning inom städsektorn genom att bestämma faktorer som påverkar deltagande och prissättning. Vidare undersöker vi prisprediktionsmodeller genom att jämföra multipel linjära regressionsmodeller med en maskininlärningsmetod benämnd support vector regression. I enlighet med tidigare forskning i byggindustrin finner vi att flera faktorer som typ av kontrakt, projekttid och kontraktsplats har en statistisk signifikant påverkan på deltagande i kontrakt i städindustrin. En anmärkningsvärd skillnad är att kontraktsvärdet inte påverkar prissättning som tidigare forskning visat i andra områden. För prisprediktionen är det överraskande att den enklare linjära regressionsmodellen presterar jämlikt till den mer avancerade maskininlärningsmodellen. Stokastisk dominanstest visar att erfarna företag har en bättre precision i sin budgivning än mindre erfarna företag. Därtill lägger företag överlag mer konkurrenskraftiga bud i kontrakt där kvalitetsaspekter tas i beaktning utöver priset. Vilket kan indikera att budgivare upplever dessa kontrakt som mindre strukturerade. Däremot finner vi ingen signifikant skillnad mellan större och mindre företag i denna bemärkning.
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Chiappinelli, Olga. "Interdisciplinary essays on public procurement." Thesis, IMT Alti Studi Lucca, 2015. http://e-theses.imtlucca.it/167/1/thesis_CHIAPPINELLI.pdf.
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Accounting for about 15-20% of GDP in developed economies,
public procurement is both a paramount economic phenomenon
and a leading activity of governments. Sound procurement
policies and practices are therefore essential not only to achieve
best value for money when purchasing goods and services of
public utility, but also to pursue strategic objectives of crucial
importance (e.g., sustainable growth and innovation) and to
optimize spending in an era where public money has a high
opportunity cost.
This dissertation contributes to the research on public procurement
by providing original investigations and results in
an interdisciplinary fashion. The three essays presented adopt
different methodologies to analyze relevant issues in public
procurement which have been so far neglected by the literature.
The first essay provides an auction-theoretical analysis of “Precommercial
Procurement” (PCP), which is an innovative stepwise
practice recently introduced in the EU for the public procurement
of R&D. In particular, PCP is modeled as a multistage
elimination contest with budget-constrained players and
non-sunk bids. The non-sunk feature constitutes a novelty
in the modelization of elimination contests and relies on the
consideration that when budget-constrained contestants initially
strategize on how much to bid in each stage, they do not
regard bids spent in earlier stages as strategically irrelevant.
This is due to the fact that contestants face a trade-off when
allocating scarce resources over stages: the more they spend
earlier the less they have to spend later, and vice versa. In a
simple two-stage all-pay framework with complete information and asymmetric players, it is found that, notwithstanding
the trade-off, the ex-ante strongest player is always able
to deter other players from submitting a positive bid in the
first stage, guaranteeing herself shortlisting with the smallest
outlay, and saving most resources for the second stage.
This is shown to imply that the two-stage all-pay contest has
a lower performance, in terms of expected revenue, than the
single-stage one. On the basis of these results, PCP does not
seem to be a very advantageous practice for the procurement
of R&D.
The second essay provides a contract-theoretical framework
to explain the occurrence of embezzlement of public money
in the execution of public contracts. It is argued that at the
core of the phenomenon is an agency problem where the room
for the contracting firm’s moral hazard is created by the opportunism
of its principal - a corruptible top-tier politician.
It is considered that often corruption interests the execution
stage of a contract (rather than only the award stage) and has
a political nature (rather than only bureaucratic): top-level
politicians may as well have to gain from large-scale corruption.
In particular, the model allows for the political principal
to be partially selfish and for both the auditing technology
and the stakes of corruption to be endogenous and dependent
on the selfishness of the politician. The model shows
that while a moderately opportunist politician prevents the
firm from embezzling money, an enough opportunist politician
creates an incentive for embezzlement in optimal contracts,
in order to ask for a share of the money conditional
upon detection.
The third essay investigates empirically the relationship between
the degree of centralization in a procurement system
and its performance. Despite its centrality, this issue has been
only marginally considered by the literature, and without conclusive
findings. The essay exploits the TED dataset to provide a preliminary investigation of the issue for Italy. The
Italian case is appropriate in this context since all levels of
government plus a number of other public institutions are involved
in procurement, and are largely subjected to the same
rules. Using winning rebate as a measure of procurement
performance, and controlling for other determinants of rebate,
it is found that small decentralized units (i.e., municipalities
and public enterprises) are less efficient than (more)
central purchasers, despite they currently award most procurement
contracts. It is argued that at the basis of this performance
gap is the fact that small decentralized purchasing
units lack the specialized and competent human resources
which are needed to efficiently administrate the procurement
process. It is therefore concluded that the Italian procurement
system is probably too much decentralized and that some reorganization
on a more centralized basis could improve on
the general performance gap.
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Dolva, Christiane. "Green Public Procurement (GPP) : How widespread is Green Public Procurement in Norway, and what factors are seen as drivers and barriers to a greener procurement practice?" Thesis, Stockholm University, Stockholm Resilience Centre, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7822.
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The public sector in Norway purchases products and services for more then 300 billion NOK per year.
This purchasing power can play an important role in leveraging the market share of environmentally
sound products by increasing the level of environmental requirements in public contracts.
Environmental considerations in public procurement have been on the international agenda since
the 1992 conference in Rio, and the OECD, the EU and the Nordic Council of Ministers have also
placed Green Public Procurement (GPP) on their agendas. Together with statements from the 2002
World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg, they all underline GPP as a tool for
making a shift to more sustainable production and consumption practices.
In Norway, the Government launched a Norwegian Action Plan on Environmental and Social
Responsibility in Public Procurement in 2007. The aim of the plan was to encourage the public sector
to demand environmentally sound products and services. However, several previous studies that
have assessed the status of GPP show that, despite efforts to promote environmental considerations,
there is a long way to go before these are fully integrated into public procurement practice
The aim of this study was to produce information about how widespread the use of environmental
criteria are in Norway, and to identify what drivers and barriers are seen to influence the GPP status.
Based on experiences from other studies, the method design chosen was an analysis of tender
documents complemented by case studies with interviews. Using both methods provided a way of
balancing the results so as to get the most objective status scores on GPP together with more
detailed answers on perceived drivers and barriers.
The results revealed that almost 60% of all tender documents included some kind of environmental
criteria, but 1/3 of these were so unclear that it was doubtful as to whether or not they would result
in any green procurement. Of the product groups that were in focus, the one that included paper and
print was by far the “greenest” of the groups, with the others both containing less GPP and more
unclear criteria. Compared to other studies this puts Norway at the same level as Sweden, and shows
a slight improvement in total GPP compared to previous assessments. Still, taking the high amount of
unclear criteria into account may lower the overall GPP score.
The interview results indicated that lack of knowledge, focus on economic considerations and
product functionality, lack of support and management focus and work pressure were the five main
barriers preventing GPP. Increased co-operation, increased focus from management, simplification of
criteria and more available products with environmental labels were identified as drivers. The drivers
and barriers identified correspond to those of previous studies, with some new finding such as
identifying the lack of product specific knowledge, where previous studies have focused more on lack
of procurement knowledge.
The findings are all important when it comes to working out a strategy to follow up the Norwegian
Action Plan. They give information about the needs identified by the procurement officers
themselves, thus giving an indication of what initiatives to prioritise.
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Varnäs, Annika. "Enhancing Environmental Performance by Green Procurement : A study of environmental procurement preferences in the construction industry." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Land and Water Resources Engineering, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4766.
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In recent years, the general awareness of the environmental impacts that industrial production gives rise to has radically increased throughout the world. Finding ways to minimise these impacts has become a major concern of the authorities in many countries. In order to promote a more sustainable industrial production, different incentives can be used. Among these incentives, the consideration of environmental issues in public procurement is increasingly being emphasised.
While much attention regarding sustainable procurement has centred on the purchase of products, this thesis focuses on green procurement of construction contracts. The construction industry is a major contributor to environmental pollution. It consumes about half of all resources humans take from nature and accounts for about 25 – 40 per cent of all energy used and about 30 – 50 per cent of all waste generated in OECD countries.
In the procurement of products, the environmental impacts of the available products can be estimated and compared, for example by using tools such as life cycle assessments. When construction contracts are procured, assessing the suppliers’ environmental capabilities can be more challenging, as the contract to be procured has not yet been performed. However, at the same time, there are considerably more opportunities to steer the construction towards more environmentally friendly alternatives.
In the thesis, it is suggested that the environmental requirements and the environmental criteria for tender evaluation should be used in combination, in order to safeguard environmental performance in the construction project and at the same time stimulate a green development within the industrial sector. In addition, the role of the client in ensuring that the environmental requirements are fulfilled during construction work is emphasised.
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Abdel, Meguid Tarek A. "Managed claims procurement strategy (MCPS), a comparative study of the performance of alternate building procurement strategies." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0004/NQ32567.pdf.
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Varnäs, Annika. "Enhancing environmental performance by green procurement : a study of environmental procurement preferences in the construction industry /." Stockholm : Arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad, Architecture and the Built Environment, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4766.
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Braun, Peter. "The practical impact of E.U. public procurement law on PFI procurement practice in the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10913/.
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The emergence of Private Finance Initiative (PFI) in the 1990s has been described as the largest cultural change for decades in the way the public sector operates. PFI projects distinguish themselves from traditional methods of public purchasing by their commercial complexity and long contractual term. Most of these projects have to be delivered within the regulatory framework of public procurement which has remained largely unchanged since the 1970s. The overall objective of the study has been to gain a complete picture of PFI practice in the light of the apparent divergence between the law and commercial requirements. It was aimed to investigate whether this divergence has brought about a "PFI procurement practice." If so, it was aimed to examine the reasons for the emergence of the practice and whether it deviated from procurement law. To achieve these objectives, PFI practice was approached from an outsider and insider perspective. The perspective of insiders was gained by conducting a qualitative empirical study based on interviewing PFI experts. The outsider perspective was derived from legal analysis backed up by relevant material provided by interviewees. The main conclusion of the study is that legal practitioners have adopted solutions in different PFI projects largely resembling each other. The resemblance justifies referring to them as PFI procurement practice. This, practice was found to be not always in compliance with a literal interpretation of procurement law. Factors driving the divergence between law and practice include the perception of practitioners that strict compliance disproportionately hampers the commercially oriented PFI procurement practice. In addition, H. M. Treasury has increased the divergence by publishing guidance notes on PFI procurement which disregard procurement law in many respects. A further reason for the divergence is that private sector bidders have abstained from enforcing procurement law in the courts. In so doing, they have significantly reduced the risk of challenges for authorities developing PFI procurement practice.
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Büsch, Mario P. "The role of procurement professionals in industrial projects : organisation, roles, and tasks for professional project procurement." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2013. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/646/.
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This thesis deals with the involvement and role of procurement professionals in industrial projects. The role of procurement in industrial organisations with continuing operations has attracted considerable attention over the last several years; however, the role of procurement in industrial projects is rather under-researched. The literature review undertaken confirms that existing procurement literature based on continuous operations is in itself consistent and describes in depth the organisational principles as well as the role of procurement. From a project management point of view, procurement is mainly considered a transactional task, and remarkably few project management standards consider procurement at all. To overcome this gap, a Procurement Project Involvement Matrix has been developed in this thesis from the literature. This matrix defines, with examples, four possible project types in which procurement experts might be involved: an engineering project, a product development project, a multidisciplinary project, and a project portfolio. Based on these four project types, the research analyses what procurement experts do and what they should do. This thesis develops an integrated framework based on four interdependent research steps. The framework then allows the definition of the appropriate procurement tasks for all procurement job levels in relation to the project type. In addition, as both the procurement organisation and leadership tasks are of significant importance, a Project Procurement Organisation Model is developed. In general, the project procurement job tasks framework as well as the Project Procurement Organisation Model will help to implement, improve and audit the involvement level of procurement in projects. The thesis draws its findings from the analysis of a wide range of data. First secondary sources, such as job advertisements, public training programmes and presentations held at the BME (German member of the International Federation of Purchasing and Supply Management) symposium, were accessed. This was followed by an in-depth analysis of four consulting projects performed by the researcher in a project-based environment. The thesis concludes with a qualitative survey performed by means of interviews. Figure 1 summarises the thesis and provides an overview of the research, including references to the entire study. The numbers in the speech balloons below reference the appropriate figures. Even though the arrows suggest a sequential flow of the research, in reality the individual steps are interdependent, as shown in Figure 3 on page 9.
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Held, Christopher M. "Evaluation of strategies for repeat procurement." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43740.
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For the past several decades, there has been a fundamental dispute between the appropriate mechanism for repeat procurement. On one hand, the supporters of Porter (1979) advocate a competitive setting where short-term contracts are used to increase buyer power and lower supplier prices. On the other hand, the supporters of Deming (1986) advocate the idea of long-term contracts to align buyer and supplier incentives. This trade-off between long-term and short-term contracts has fundamentally affected the practice of procurement, with most suppliers opting for hybrid strategies such as Incumbent Biasing: a strategy characterized by short-term contracts with frequent rebidding with an advantage given to the incumbent. This work examines this hybrid strategy to determine its effectiveness. First, we create an empirical model that identifies and measures the trade-offs between the Porter and Deming strategies. Using this model, we find that Incumbent Biasing has an impact on procurement performance via two mechanisms: first, Incumbent Biasing decreases bidding competitiveness in repeat procurement bidding, which decreases performance; second, Incumbent Biasing has a moderating effect where it improves incentive alignment between the buyer and supplier and improves procurement performance. We show that depending on the current contract design, the net effect of Incumbent Biasing on overall procurement performance can be either positive or negative. This is first work to empirically test the impact of Incumbent Biasing on procurement performance and the first to identify the positive and negative mechanisms by which this impact occurs. Using this research, managers will be able to identify their firm's position with regards to incentive alignment with their supplier to determine if Incumbent Biasing has a net positive effect for their firm.
After identifying the impact of Incumbent Biasing on procurement performance, we contribute to the literature by testing this analysis through two additional extensions. First, using secondary data analysis we show that our construct for procurement performance is correlated with firm performance. We do this by comparing the answers to our procurement performance construct items to the change in gross margin of the publicly traded respondents in our study over time. This shows that our construct is not only reliable, but that procurement performance has a positive impact on overall firm performance. This is the first work to provide an empirical construct for procurement performance that is validated via secondary data analysis of firm performance. Second, we test a competing theory to Incumbent Biasing which is Multi-Sourcing: the strategy of spreading a contract to multiple suppliers to maintain competitiveness in bidding. Approximately $46\%$ of our sample identify as using both strategies simultaneously and we test for an impact between the two. We show that the two strategies to not impact each other and can be viewed independently. Subsequently, we test two Multi-Sourcing constructs in our model and find that there is no significant impact on bidding competitiveness from Multi-Sourcing.
Subsequently, we examine the impact of repeatedly awarding a contract to a pool of bidders. In our model, one contract is bid repeatedly over time, resulting in bidders gaining information about their competitors' cost. The academic literature is mixed on how a buyer should approach this type of contract bidding interaction. On one hand, it is argued that establishing an awarding structure that favors the incumbent decreases the frequency of switching, and thus cost. On the other hand, it is argued that an awarding structure that favors the non-incumbent (entrant) bidders places competitive pressure on the incumbent and generates low margin bids. This issue is further complicated by the practice cited in the academic literature of ``defection', where entrant firms either perceive a bias or believe that their cost is uncompetitive and will not bid in future stages.
We create a framework that explores the apparent contradictions in these recommendations and gives conditions when biasing toward the incumbent or entrant should be implemented. We first characterize bidders based on their effort to bid and their cost to supply the contract. We then show that in the case of low effort to bid and high cost for the entrant, entrant biasing is optimal; when the reverse is true incumbent biasing is optimal. Using the results from our analysis, we provide guidance to buyers facing a repeated procurement
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Karahan, Turan Hamide. "A Web-based Public Procurement System." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605145/index.pdf.
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This study focuses on developing and implementing a web-based public procurement system. As one innovative way of enhancing public procurement, an attempt to develop and implement electronic tendering system is to be made. In designing the system, not only technological aspects but also issues related to public procurement process improvement are considered. As an analysis and design approach, object oriented methodology was chosen and UML was used. Java as a development language was preferred because the resulting system is expected to be portable. This study also puts forward propositions as to how the government should perform direct purchases to ensure that both public and private sector benefit from e-Procurement to achieve full value.
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Khan, Haris, Aziz Ahmad, Muhammad JehanZaib Khan, and Naveed Khan. "Procurement Strategy supporting Retailer’s Competitive Strategy." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-12302.
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Summary Business Administration, Business Process & Supply Chain Management, Degree Project (Master), 15 HEC, 4FE06E, Spring 2011 Authors: Haris Khan, Muhammad Jahanzaib Khan, Aziz Ahmad, Naveed Khan. Tutor Petra Andersson. Examiner Helena Forslund. Title Procurement Strategy Supporting Retailer’s Competitive Strategy. Background Due to the intensive competition in retailing, outpacing strategies that offer several competitive advantages are increasingly necessary in order to satisfy consumers. A search of the trade and academic literatures, identified merchandise procurement as one of the key activities retailers use to implement or support retail competitive strategy. The changing industry trends in retailing such as increased competition, increasing size of retailers, shift in power structures, high proportion of cost of goods sold etc have made procurement very critical for a retailer to compete in the market. Research Questions Q: What are the various competitive strategies used by the retail industry in general and the competitive strategies of the case retailers? Q: How do procurement strategies of the case retailers support their specific competitive strategies? Purpose The purpose of this study is to identify competitive strategies used in the retail industry and that of the case companies and investigate if and how the procurement strategy of a retailer supports the implementation of its competitive strategy. Method The empirical data and conclusions drawn from it are based on qualitative case studies carried out in three case retailers ofPakistan. An independent supplier common to all three retailers was also used to collect unbiased information. The information was collected using interviews and questionnaire. The thesis is written from a positivistic perspective with a deductive approach. Conclusion: The conclusions that can be drawn from this study are that primary competitive strategies are price/cost leadership and differentiation, whereas differentiation can be based on several things such as quality, store design, shopping experience etc. The procurement strategies are more relevant and fully support a price leadership strategy than a differentiation strategy. The procurement strategy does support the competitive strategy of a retailer.
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Sancak, Emirhan. "Green public procurement and thermal insulation." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-19877.
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CHENG, YUAN, and Xiangyun Xu. "Value creation by doing better procurement." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-9524.
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Maboza, Luthando Sithembele. "Green procurement for municipal construction projects." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/3165.
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The study is a qualitative investigation of the implementation of green procurement in the construction sector at Local Government level. The focus is on the Metropolitan Municipalities of EThekwini, Nelson Mandela Bay and City of Cape Town. For the purpose of realising an extended comparative perspective, an additional three smaller municipalities were also reviewed. Green procurement is the tool used by governments to source the supply of products and services that are environmentally friendly to counter the global problem of climate change. The study commences with the exposition of the aspects of green procurement from the basis of the enabling legal framework to the scholarly contribution from which the study can be predicated. It becomes apparent from this review of legislation that there is a scope within the existing body of legislation for the use of green procurement as an environmental tool. Scholarly work addresses adoption of green procurement and considers, inter alia, the Bottom-up Approach, the Top-down Approach, and the Procura + Milestones model. Literature indicates that development has a negative impact on the environment, which includes vegetation loss, illegal dumping, and greenhouse gas emissions. Further, the literature recommends green lifecycle design and production of construction projects to reduce the impact of construction on the environment. A systematic investigation of municipalities by means of interviews with relevant municipal officials involved with the procurement of products and services, infrastructure services and environmental affairs officials made it possible to identify factors that impact on the implementation of green procurement. The investigation finds that the major obstacles to green procurement are socio-economic challenges that confront municipalities, lack of policy, and lack of awareness. Recommendations include the proposal of initiatives that encourage and improve the implementation of green procurement. The study hopes to inspire innovation in the implementation of green procurement in the construction sector.
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Xu, Zhou. "Transportation procurement planning with side constraints /." View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?IELM%202007%20XUZ.
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Foust, Coleen Jenson Christopher. "Industry analysis for body armor procurement." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/06Dec%5FFoust%5FMBA.pdf.
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"Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Business Administration from the Naval Postgraduate School, December 2006."Advisor(s): Hudgens, Bryan ; Rendon, Rene. "December 2006." "MBA professional report"--Cover. Description based on title screen as viewed on October 1, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-80). Also available in print.
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Sourani, Amr. "Realising sustainable construction through procurement stratergies." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8125.
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Sustainable construction is about achieving a balance between the social, economic and environmental aspects of construction so that the costs and the benefits, evaluated along these three dimensions, are optimised. In the light of the huge expenditure of the UK public sector on construction, the benefits that can be gained from integrating sustainability into construction procurement can be very significant. The aim of this thesis is to develop a theoretical framework to assist UK public clients in addressing sustainability issues in construction projects' procurement strategies. The objectives include: (1) developing agreed sets of social, economic, and environmental sustainability criteria that should be addressed by UK public clients in developing a procurement strategy; (2) identifying the factors that are important to better address sustainable construction by UK public clients in developing a procurement strategy; (3) identifying potential barriers (4) identifying the parties that are most capable of removing such barriers; (5) identifying whether or not local authorities are addressing sustainability in their procurement strategies, policies, guidelines and procedures; and (6) identifying how public clients are addressing sustainability in their procurement strategies, policies, guidelines and procedures. The components of the theoretical framework were derived from a thorough analysis of information obtained from a variety of sources (e.g. public sector practitioners, academics, professionals/consultants, and contractors) and throught the utilisation of a variety of research methods and techniques within a triangulated approach. These included (1) a Delphi Exercise in which 17 experts in sustainability participated, (2) interviews with 9 key professionals and experts, ( 3) a questionnaire survey to which 132 local authorities in the UK responded, and (4) two case studies of local authorities demonstrating good practice in sustainable procurement. Triangulation was utilised within and across the methods and the techniques adopted. It facilitated the access to different levels of reality, through combining qualitative and quantitative methods. Validation of the parts of the framework was conducted in several ways. These included validating the findings from each Delphi round in the subsequent round, validating the findings obtained from one method or technique by utilising another; and facilitating comments by the respondents/interviewees regarding any of the items included in the questionnaires/interview guides used in this research. (Continues...).
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Gayton, James R. S. "Case studies in government procurement fraud." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/9930.
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Approved for public release, distribution is unlimitedMBA Professional Report
Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited
The purpose of this research is to provide guidance that will increase awareness and facilitate class discussions on ethical situations that contracting officers are exposed to during their business relationships with contracting firms. The cases explore the specifics of individual incidents of ethical and procedural procurement violations. Additionally, this study provides conclusions and recommendations that could better educate prospective contracting officers of the temptations and legal ramifications of violations of procurement fraud within their commands.
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Foust, Coleen, and Christopher Jenson. "Industry analysis for body armor procurement." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10067.
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MBA Professional ReportIn order to leverage buying power, reduce costs and improve supplier management, the United States Air Force (USAF) needs to take a strategic approach to acquiring goods and services. Both academic and business literature promotes strategic sourcing as a viable method of minimizing cost and guarding against materials disruptions. In addition, the Office of Management and Budget has required that each agency create strategic sourcing initiatives, monitor the cost savings and reports the results to the Office of Federal Procurement Policy. However, utilization of strategic sourcing techniques and processes within the USAF is relatively new and its full benefit has not been realized. Continued efforts by the USAF to integrate strategic sourcing into its acquisition processes will yield further cost savings and other related supply chain improvements. To assist with improving the strategic sourcing efforts of the USAF, this research seeks to identify viable methodologies for conducting industry analysis. This is important and relevant because conducting an industry analysis is a critical step toward developing an effective sourcing strategy.
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Phillips, Thurman B., and Raymond J. Lanclos. "Data analytics in procurement fraud prevention." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/42708.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedThe purpose of this research project is to explore the viability of detecting anomalies through using data analytics software as a tool in procurement fraud prevention and to analyze its potential policy implications on federal procurement stakeholders. According to a survey conducted in 2012 by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners, organizations lose an estimated 5% of their revenues to fraud each year. In order to relate this estimate to the Department of Defense (DOD), this estimated percentage was applied to the requested DOD FY 2013 budget of $613.9 billion outlined in the Fiscal Year 2013 Budget Overview, resulting in a projected total fraud loss of $30.7 billion. The use of data analytics software has the potential to not only detect fraudulent procurements, but also to help deter fraudulent activities before they occur. The results of this research study will be a recommendation on the use of data analytics as a tool to detect anomalies that may indicate procurement fraud in DOD organizations.
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Zhang, Xueqing, and 張學淸. "Procurement of privately financed infrastructure projects." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31242698.
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Pu, Junyi, and 浦俊懿. "Optimal procurement auctions with endogenous quantity." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4322409X.
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Xu, Suxiu, and 徐素秀. "Truthful, efficient auctions for transportation procurement." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206443.
Full textAbstract:
Transportation procurement problem (TPP) is the problem of setting transportation service prices, delivery timing and quantity, and controlling costs and capacity to reduce empty movements and improve market efficiency. The purchase of transportation service is traditionally achieved using a request for proposal and long-term contracts. However, as business relationships become ever more flexible and dynamic, there has been an increasing need to hedge the risks of traditional transportation procurement such as entrance of new carriers and sudden drop in fuel price. This thesis proposes a holistic aution-based solution for the TPP.
Four typical scenarios are investigated. The first scenario incorporates bilateral bidding into auction mechanism design for multi-unit TPP. This scenario considers one-sided Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (O-VCG) combinatorial auctions for a complex transportation marketplace with multiple lanes. This scenario then designs three alternative multi-unit trade reduction (MTR) mechanisms for the bilateral exchange transportation marketplace where all the lanes are partitioned into distinct markets. Proposed mechanisms ensure incentive compatibility, individual rationality, budget balance and asymptotical efficiency.
The second scenario presents a double auction model for the TPP in a dynamic single-lane transportation environment. This scenario first addresses the TPP in a transportation spot market with stochastic but balanced or “symmetric” demand and supply. A periodic sealed double auction (PSDA) is proposed. This scenario then devises a modified PSDA (M-PSDA) to address the TPP with “asymmetric” demand and supply. The auctioneer is likely to gain higher profits from setting a relatively short auction length. However, it is optimal to run the auction (either PSDA or MPSDA) with a relatively large auction length, when maximizing either the social welfare or the utility of shippers and carriers (agents). When the degree of supply-demand imbalance is low, the auctioneer’s myopic optimal expected profit under supply-demand imbalance is larger than that under symmetric demand and supply.
This third scenario presents an auction-based model for the TPP in make-toorder systems. The optimality of dynamic base-stock type (S(x)-like policy) is established. The optimal allocation can be achieved by running an O-VCG auction or a first-price auction with closed-form reserve prices. By mild technical modifications, the results derived in the infinite horizon case can all be extended to the finite horizon case.
The fourth scenario proposes allocatively efficient auction mechanisms for the distributed transportation procurement problem (DTPP), which is generally the problem of matching demands and supplies over a transportation network. This scenario constructs an O-VCG combinatorial auction for the DTPP where carriers are allowed to bid on bundles of lanes. To simplify the execution of auction, this scenario next proposes a primal-dual Vickrey (PDV) auction based on insights from the known Ausubel auctions and the primal-dual algorithm. The PDV auction realizes VCG payments and truthful bidding under the condition of seller-submodularity, which implies that the effect of each individual carrier is decreasing when the coalition increases.published_or_final_version
Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Iyengar, Gopal S. "Procurement and strategy in manufacturing firms." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2972.
Full textAbstract:
The strategic role of the Procurement function in manufacturing firms has received increased attention in the literature over the past two decades. Before the 1970s, the supply environment was seen to be stable for most firms, with no particular strategic opportunities or threats. Procurement was treated as an administrative or service function. The oil crisis in the early 1970s changed the situation, bringing in its wake acute inflation and material shortages. The 1980s saw a revolution in manufacturing with the advent of JIT, increased automation and global operations. Theoretical researchers saw the potential for a proactive and strategic role for the Procurement function. This was, however, not reflected in empirical research, which failed to find consistent evidence of firms considering Procurement as strategic. This thesis addresses the gap between precept and practice evident in the literature. A major criticism of the empirical literature is the treatment of the strategic (value) activities on the supply side and the activities of the Procurement department as synonymous. This thesis questioned that view and made a distinction between the two activities. A theoredcal framework was built up from the literature to identify the contexts in which Supply considerations would be strategic. Propositions were generated which allowed for strategic Supply activities both through the Procurement department as well as outside it. The empirical work looked at 25 UK manufacturing firms through the case study approach. The cases were scrutinised for evidence of strategic activities on the supply side, as well as the strategic importance of the Procurement department. The results confirmed that (1) Supply considerations were strategic for a majority of firms. (2) Strategic consideration of Supply depended on a number of contingent variables.(3) Strategic Supply activities were not necessarily reflected in the strategic importance given to the Procurement department.