Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Procurement corruption'
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1
ZANELLA, MARCO. "Scripting Corruption in Public Procurement: The Italian Case." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1318.
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La corruzione negli appalti pubblici ha sempre destato particolare interesse. Nondimeno, un’attenta analisi della letteratura di settore dimostra come scarsa attenzione sia stata dedicata allo studio delle scelte strategiche adottate da corrotti e corruttori nel mentre decidono come pagare la tangente, come identificare il partner dell’accordo corruttivo, come contattarlo, come gestire le trattative, come raggiungere i propri obiettivi e come proteggersi da inadempimenti e tradimenti. Questa tesi si propone di studiare tali strategie, applicando per la prima volta in questo settore una particolare metodologia detta della script analysis, al fine di rispondere alle seguenti domande: come avvengono gli accordi corruttivi nel settore degli appalti pubblici? Quali sono le tattiche e i modi operandi adottati da corrotti e corruttori? Quali sono i “passaggi” necessari per la conclusione di accordi corruttivi? Come possono essere spiegati? Quali sono gli elementi che “facilitano” i protagonisti del pactum sceleris? Dopo aver passato in rassegna la letteratura (capitolo 1) ed illustrato la metodologia adottata (capitolo 2), la tesi risponde alle domande della ricerca, individuando i singoli passaggi dell’accordo corruttivo, soffermandosi sulle procedure adottate (capitolo 3) fino a circoscrivere e commentare gli elementi facilitatori (capitolo 4) nell’incontro tra domanda e offerta di utilitas.Despite the growing concern over corruption in public procurement, there is little knowledge regarding the corruption-commission process. Scant attention has been paid to the event-decisions of corrupt agents in order to explore how an agent decides to pay, how he identifies his partner, how he contacts him, how he negotiates with him, how he manages to achieve his goal, and how he protects himself against “lemons”. The aim of this thesis is to understand the corruption-commission process by using crime script analysis to delve into the event-decisions of corrupt agents. Therefore, within the Italian context, this thesis seeks to answer the following research questions: how do corrupt deals in public procurement take place? What are the tactics, dynamics and the modi operandi of corrupt agents? What are the steps of corruption-commission in the specific area of public procurement? How can these steps be explained? What are the facilitators of corruption-commission? After the relevant literature has been reviewed (Chapter 1) and the methodology has been discussed (chapter 2), the results of the research are presented in chapters 3 and 4, where the procedural aspects and the procedural requirements of the crime are presented and discussed. Some concluding remarks close the thesis.
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Shabbir, Aqsa. "Corruption in infrastructure procurement : a study based on procurement of infrastructure projects in Pakistan." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/corruption-in-infrastructure-procurement--a-study-based-on-procurement-of-infrastructure-projects-in-pakistan(90318909-f748-4428-a7da-e8a60f6210d7).html.
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The main purpose of this research project is to bridge the existing knowledgegap in the empirical identification and understanding of the most frequentcorrupt actions and the causes behind during procurement of infrastructureprojects in Pakistan, in addition to exploring the ways to enhance institutionalbasedtrust between the participants of the procurement process. Consequentlythe study aims to provide a conceptual framework to control corruption ininfrastructure procurement while proposing the institutional trust-buildingmechanisms. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches are utilised in thisstudy to achieve this research aim. Quantitative research data is collected usinga questionnaire survey. A total of 450 questionnaires were sent to variouspeople engaged in procurement of infrastructure projects in Pakistan. Theresponse rate was 36.7% (n=165). The questionnaire comprises of two mainquestions; one is about the most frequent corrupt actions in traditional andPublic Private Partnership (PPP) infrastructure procurement processes whileother question asks about the perceived institutional trust-building mechanismsin context of infrastructure procurement market in Pakistan. Various appropriatestatistical methods, including Mean Ranking and ANOVA were utilised toanalyse the collected data. The questionnaire survey was followed by 15 indepth semi-structured interviews with a variety of stakeholders. Theseinterviews provided information on various causes of corruption and reasons asto why people do not for example report a known incident of corruption. A traditional content analysis approach was used to analyse the data collectedusing interviews. From the analysis a cyclical framework of corruption controlemerged, and this is outlined within the thesis. The goal of this framework is tofacilitate procurement stakeholders (individuals, groups, or organisations), toimprove their anti-corruption plans from project to project. This research studyhas filled the knowledge gap through identifying the top twenty potentialcorrupt practices in traditional and PPP infrastructure procurement processes inPakistan and explored the causes behind their occurrence. The study alsorecommends the solutions to mitigate this problem throughout the life cycle ofprocurement process. In addition, the study proposes the institutional trustbuildingmechanisms in the context of infrastructure procurement market inPakistan to cater for the likely loss in trust due to perceived level of corruptionin this sector. The study has also introduced a conceptual framework to controlcorruption in infrastructure procurement process in general and particularly inPakistan. The framework does not intend to introduce new alternatives butinstead builds on existing practices so that users can more easily adapt to theimprovement. The findings of this research are believed to be useful for allpractitioners who are either considering or currently involved in infrastructureprocurement process in Pakistan and trying to avoid or minimise the influenceof corruption.
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Williams-Elegbe, Sope. "Fighting corruption in procurement : a comparative analysis of disqualification measures." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13254/.
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Corruption has firmly taken centre stage in the development agenda of international organisations, developed and developing countries. One area in which corruption manifests is in public procurement and as a result, states have adopted various measures to prevent and curb corruption in public procurement. One such mechanism for dealing with procurement corruption is to disqualify corrupt suppliers from bidding on or otherwise obtaining government contracts. The disqualification of corrupt suppliers raises several issues, many of which are examined in this thesis. Implementing a disqualification mechanism in public procurement raises serious practical and conceptual difficulties, which are not always considered by legislative provisions on disqualification. Some of the problems that may arise from the use of disqualifications include determining whether a conviction for corruption ought to be a pre-requisite to disqualification, bearing in mind that corruption thrives in secret, resulting in a dearth of convictions. Another issue is determining how to balance the tension between granting adequate procedural safeguards to a supplier in disqualification proceedings and not delaying the procurement process. A further issue is determining the scope of the disqualification in the sense of determining whether it applies to firms, natural persons, subcontractors, subsidiaries or other persons related to the corrupt firm and whether disqualification will lead to the termination of existing contracts. These issues and the others considered by this thesis illustrate the limits to the efficacy of the disqualification mechanism in fighting procurement corruption. The thesis compares and contrasts the legal, practical and institutional approaches to the implementation of the disqualification mechanism in the European Union, the United Kingdom, the United States, the Republic of South Africa and the World Bank. The thesis examines how these jurisdictions have implemented a disqualification mechanism and whether their approaches may be regarded as appropriate.
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Ekwo, Grace. "Corruption risk factors : an analysis of public procurement in Nigeria." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2013. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/14787/.
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Nigeria has consistently ranked 6th amongst oil-producing nations of the world but despite the enormous revenues from the sale of petroleum resources in the past five decades, the country has made little advance in terms of infrastructure, quality of life and the human development index. This has been attributed to endemic levels of corruption through misappropriation of public funds for private use, most of which have been associated with public procurement. The public procurement process in Nigeria has long been associated with corruption which involves misappropriation of public funds for private use. For example, the Transparency International (TI) Corruption Perception Index reports for 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012 indicate that much of public sector corruption in Nigeria is associated with the public procurement process. Between 2010 and 2012, Nigeria’s position on the corruption perception index of 183 countries surveyed by the TI, declined by 9 places to 143, an indication that current initiatives aimed at solving the problem have not been effective. Efforts at improving the practice of public procurement in Nigeria and developing it into a reputable profession cannot be successful without considering the more fundamental question of the factors that may have made corruption in the process resistant to efforts aimed at curbing it. It is this gap that this study hopes to address in order to promote transparency in the process of public procurement in Nigeria. A total of 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted across four organisations. Findings from the interviews were further subjected to verification discussions at two other organisations. Drawing from the case study analysis; greed, lack of inbuilt checks and wide discretionary powers of procurement officers under the direction of management emerged as possible risk factors motivating corruption in the public procurement process thus offering an explanation of the vulnerability of the process to corruption. Building upon the theoretical debates, public procurement-related corruption in Nigeria is contextualised in a framework which proposes a corruption risk-factor vulnerability check-list for the management of public procurement in Nigeria to achieve verifiable transparency and accountability.
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MILANI, RICCARDO. "MULTI-LEVEL CORRUPTION RISK INDICATORS IN THE ITALIAN PUBLIC PROCUREMENT." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/57129.
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Questo studio sviluppa un originale indicatore di rischio corruzione negli appalti pubblici Italiani e stima la correlazione tra le caratteristiche delle aziende aggiudicatarie e l’indicatore di rischio corruzione precedentemente stimato. L’indicatore di rischio corruzione è costruito a partire dai residui statistici di una procedura semi-parametrica a due stadi. Nella prima fase, i contratti dei lavori pubblici sono comparati per identificare l’inefficienza relativa di ciascun lavoro pubblico sulla base di due variabili predefinite – costi aggiuntivi e ritardi nella fase di esecuzione del contratto – attraverso una tecnica di valutazione delle performance (DEA). Nella seconda fase, l’indicatore di inefficienza generato nella prima fase è spiegato attraverso l’uso di determinanti di inefficienza, escludendo il fattore della corruzione che è trattato separatamente. Nella terza fase, i residui di stima sono trasformati in nuovi punteggi di rischio corruzione a livello di contratto pubblico. I risultati suggeriscono che: (1) le stazioni appaltanti ad elevato rischio corruzione si trovano maggiormente nel Lazio, in Lombardia e in Toscana; (2) le aziende aggiudicatarie ad alto rischio corruzione risiedono maggiormente nel Centro Italia (Abruzzo, Umbria e Lazio) e nel Sud Italia (Campania e Basilicata). Successivamente, l’esercizio di valutazione del rischio corruzione è mirato all'identificazione delle caratteristiche aziendali associate ad un rischio elevato di corruzione. I risultati suggeriscono che le aziende che si aggiudicano contratti ad alto rischio di corruzione sono più orientati alla ricerca del profitto, detengono meno debiti e necessitano mediamente di maggior tempo per pagare i loro clienti. Infine, queste aziende hanno maggiori probabilità di avere legami legali e/o finanziari con giurisdizioni off-shore e paradisi fiscali.This study develops an original corruption risk indicator at the Italian procurement level and estimates the correlation between the profile of contract suppliers and the corruption risk indicator in question. This corruption risk indicator relies on a residual approach following a two-stage, semi-parametric procedure. First, public work contracts are benchmarked to investigate the relative efficiency of each public work execution based on two predefined variables – cost overrun and time delay – using a data envelopment analysis (DEA). Second, DEA efficiency scores are regressed on environmental and contract-level determinants of inefficiency – excluding corruption which is treated separately. Third, the estimate residuals provide estimates of the potential risk of corruption at the contract level. The aggregated results from an updated Italian public procurement dataset suggest that: (1) the risk of corruption associated with contracting authorities prevails in larger urban areas, especially in Lazio, Tuscany and Lombardy; (2) the risk of corruption in relation to the location of firms is higher in central regions (Abruzzo, Umbria and Lazio) and southern regions (Campania and Basilicata). Then, a risk-based assessment exercise is performed to profile suppliers. The corruption risk indicator is regressed on suppliers’ financial and ownership data to identify patterns among firms winning risky contracts. Suppliers associated with high levels of corruption risk in public contracting are more profit-seeking, hold low levels of debts and on average need more days to pay their customers. Finally, suppliers involved in public work contracts at high risk of corruption are more likely to have legal and/or financial connections with off-shore jurisdictions and tax havens which might use financial and corporate secrecy to attract illicit financial flows.
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Bayley, Ruth. "Why did they do it? Understanding corruption in public sector procurement." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/235728/1/Ruth%2BBayley%2BThesis%281%29.pdf.
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The study analysed explanations of corruption in public procurement processes, using qualitative thematic content analysis, based on five discipline-based theories about corruption. The analysis revealed considerable complexity, with no single theory able to comprehensively explain the phenomenon of corruption, and all five theories offering valuable insights into how and why corruption arose. These findings are important because an organisation’s approach to corruption prevention and treatment is usually driven by its view about causes of corruption. Public sector organisations could therefore benefit from adopting corruption prevention and treatment programs based on broader theoretical perspectives.
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Centeno, García Gerardo. "Fraud in Mexico's Government Procurement Sector." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39101.
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This thesis analyzes the problem of corruption in the Mexican government procurement system, aiming to provide a mix of legal and policy solutions to combat and prevent it. Comparing the policies and laws that make up the regulatory framework of public procurement in Canada and Mexico, this study seeks to extract the best practices that can improve the Mexican system. This text illuminates how the weaknesses within Mexico’s procurement system has provoked the current exploitation of alternative procurement methods (known as “adjudicación directa” and “invitación a cuando menos tres personas”) to embezzle public resources through fictitious contract awards. Although we have seen a tendency towards including requirements for “transparency” and “accountability” into Mexican procurement law, this on its own is insufficient to combat corruption. Consequently, I argue that procurement units have to enhance these transparency policies by disclosing the rationale behind every procurement and contract award prior to the disbursement of the resources; having competition as the maximum principle to fulfill while doing so. This will allow auditing bodies (and Mexican citizens) to scrutinize the rationale behind these disbursements. The Public Function Secretary could oversee this process to validate the legality and the social benefit justifications claimed by the procurement units prior to utilizing alternative procurement methods.
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Pustan, Daniel. "Government favoritism in public procurement : Evidence from Romania." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-273310.
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In Romania, the consideration that politicians use their influence to control the public procurement market is axiomatic. It is no surprise that the country ranks high in perceptionbased surveys or the low participation of firms on the procurement market. The more difficult task is to demonstrate the existence of restrictions to procurement contracts in order to benefit preferred companies. That is, to measure the extent to which the market is captured by favored companies. Employing data on all public procurement contracts in Romania for the period 2009 – 2015, this paper examines government favoritism in public procurement exerted by political parties. Using a dynamic panel data approach (Dávid-Barrett and Fazekas 2019), the companies are classified based on their winning pattern with respect to government change. Favoritism is observed if winning companies within the government period are also associated with a higher risk of corruption measured by two alternative approaches. The findings confirm that procurement market is captured in a low to moderate proportion (24%) and that the market display patterns of systematic favoritism. This may signal certain progress registered by Romania to combat political corruption. Arguably, the insensitivity of perception indicators with respect to this progress is, at least partly, due to media coverage of the on-going corruption investigations related to the past.I Rumänien, finns det en allmän uppfattning om att politiker använder sitt inflytande för att kontrollera den offentliga upphandlingsmarknaden. Det är ingen överraskning att landet rankas högt i perceptionsbaserade undersökningar rörande korruption eller att företags deltagande inom upphandlingsmarknaden är lågt. Ett svårare uppdrag är dock att påvisa och bevisa förekomsten av begränsningar kring upphandlingskontrakt med syfte att gynna vissa företag. Med andra ord så föreligger en utmaning att, genom mätning, påvisa i vilken utsträckning marknaden inkluderar favoriserade företag kontra hur den exkluderar övriga företag. Med hjälp av uppgifter om samtliga kontrakt gällande offentlig upphandling i Rumänien under åren 2009 – 2015, undersöker denna avhandling regeringens och dess politiska partiers favorisering. Företagen i upphandlingarna klassificeras med hjälp av dynamiskpaneldata (Dávid-Barrett och Fazekas 2019), baserat på des vinnande mönster kopplat till regeringsbyte. Favorisering kan observeras om vinnande företag inom regeringsperioden även är förknippade med en högre risk för korruption som mätts genom två alternativa metoder. Resultaten bekräftar att upphandlingsmarknaden fångas i en låg till måttlig andel (24%) av favoriserade företag och att marknaden visar mönster av systematisk favorisering. Resultaten kan dock signalera om visst framsteg som Rumänien har uppnått för att bekämpa politisk korruption. Det kan argumenteras att perceptionsbaserade indikatorer fångade inte upp dessa framsteg, åtminstone delvis, på grund av mediatäckningen av pågående korruptionsutredningar i Rumänien relaterade till det förflutna.
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Fazekas, Mihály. "Prometheus unbound : quality of government and institutionalised grand corruption in public procurement." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/245455.
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This PhD thesis looks at one of the most crucial determinants of state formation, quality of institutions, and social equality: institutionalised grand corruption. Institutionalised grand corruption denotes the particularistic allocation of public resources, that is violating prior explicit rules in order to benefit a closed network while denying access to all others. Emphasizing access to power and public resources deviates from traditional definitions of corruption resting on individual wrongdoing and abuse of power. The thesis makes use of large amounts of administrative data describing public procurement tenders on transaction level and links it to data on company ownership, financial accounts, and political office of company owners. By using data mining techniques it breaks away from standard, and arguably deficient, measures of quality of institutions and corruption. It proposes a complex ‘blueprint’ for measuring institutionalized grand corruption in the allocation of public resources and applies its key elements to three Central and Eastern European countries: Czech Republic, Hungary, and Slovakia. It is emphasized that these cases are only ‘pilot’ measurements, the blueprint is applicable to practically every high and middle income country, data is typically going back in time for 6-8 years. Using such a novel indicator set allows for an unprecedented detail of analysis. Results highlight the role played by European Union Structural and Cohesion Funds in increasing the prevalence of institutionalised grand corruption. This is due to at least two factors, first, they provide additional public resources available for corrupt rent extraction; second, they change the motivations for and controls of corruption. In Czech Republic, Hungary, and Slovakia, the first effect increases the value of particularistic resource allocation by up to 1.21% of GDP, while the second effect decreases it by up to 0.03% of GDP. The latter effect is entirely driven by Slovakia; in Czech Republic and Hungary even this effect increases particularism.
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Kilaz, Ilker, and Kadir Hayri. "Improving the transparency/anti-corruption efforts in defense procurement: recommendations from global practices." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10632.
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MBA Professional ReportThe purpose of this MBA Project is to explore the risks of corruption throughout the defense procurement cycle, and provide an overview of existing anti-corruption conventions and tools. This report includes background information and corruption focused analysis about defense offset agreements and single-source selection methods. The findings related to these corruption risks are supported with the analysis of three informative defense procurement cases. Additionally, the effectiveness of anti-corruption conventions is evaluated through ten countries' score changes in major corruption indices. Finally, several recommendations are offered to improve the integrity, transparency, and accountability of defense purchases.
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Chabrost, Marion. "Three empirical essays on the impact of discretion on public procurement performance." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E043/document.
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L'usage de la discrétion peut intervenir à plusieurs étapes de la commande publique. La littérature économique s'est largement penchée sur l'étude des bénéfices et des limites de son usage. Cette thèse se concentre sur deux dimensions de la discrétion. Tout d'abord, une autorité publique doit choisir entre fournir un service public elle-même (une régie) ou par voie de délégation de service public (DSP). Cette thèse détermine empiriquement quels sont les facteurs décisifs des remunicipalisations et privatisations dans le service public de la distribution d'eau. Cette décision s'explique principalement par la recherche d'efficacité économique, même si la tendance des communes voisines à changer de mode de fourniture est décisive. Ensuite, cette thèse se concentre sur le pouvoir discrétionnaire d'un acheteur public lorsque celui-ci doit attribuer un marché public. La littérature reconnait qu'elle peut permettre d'obtenir un meilleur rapport qualité-prix, mais peut aussi faciliter la corruption. Cette thèse analyse l'effet des enquêtes pour faits de corruption sur le degré de pouvoir discrétionnaire utilisé pour attribuer un marché. Il apparaît qu'une municipalité sous enquête ne réagit pas en adoptant moins de pouvoir discrétionnaire. Seuls les voisins à des communes qui sont reconnues coupables de corruption réagissent, suggérant leur possible implication dans le cas enquêté. Enfin, la question de l'effet du pouvoir discrétionnaire sur la probabilité d'attribuer le marché à une entreprise plus productive est soulevée. Il en résulte qu'une procédure d'attribution offrant un pouvoir discrétionnaire à l'acheteur public conduit à la sélection d' entreprises moins efficacesThe use of discretion in public procurement may take place at different stages of the procurement process. The economic literature has widely investigated the benefits and limitations of its use. This dissertation focuses on two dimensions of discretion. First, a public authority has to decide whether to provide a public service in-house or privately. This dissertation empirically investigates the determinants of both remunicipalizations and privatizations for the water distribution services. This decision to switch appears to be mainly driven by economic efficiency reasons. Also, a tendency to switch from one regime to another one in neighboring municipalities influences this decision. Second, this dissertation focuses on public buyer's discretionary power towards the award mechanism. The economic literature acknowledges that even though discretion may yield a better value for money when awarding a contract, it may also facilitate corruption. This dissertation analyzes the impact of investigation for corruption over the degree of buyer's discretion used. As a matter of fact, a municipality investigated for corruption does not react by using less award procedures that allow for discretionary power. Only neighbors of municipalities that are eventually found guilty react, suggesting that responsive neighbors to investigation might also be involved in the case under investigation. Finally, the question of the effect of discretionary power over the likelihood to select a productive supplier is addressed. It follows that an award procedure that allows for discretionary power leads to the selection of less productive firms than an award procedure that does not
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Engelbert, Annika [Verfasser]. "Public Procurement Law in Sub-Saharan Africa : A Means to Curb Corruption? / Annika Engelbert." Baden-Baden : Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2017. http://d-nb.info/116048614X/34.
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Mutonyi, John Parmenas. "Approaches to the control of corruption in the public procurement system in Kenya : an institutional analysis." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30110.
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The problem with the populist approach to the question of corruption that focuses on micro-institutional changes is that it regards corruption as a top-down incentive-design problem. This approach, which is informed by the principal-agent theory, emphasises the need to restrain bureaucrats and politicians by changing incentive structures. This entails dealing with institutional factors that affect the decisions of individuals through compliance-enhancing policy measures. One of the problems with this approach is that it focuses on formal institutions whereas in reality, public officials respond to a mix of formal and informal constraints. Hence, comprehending corruption and its causes requires going beyond analysing the functioning of formal institutions that structure individual behaviour and constrain their decision-making preferences, to evaluating the complex network of informal institutions so as to gain a better understanding of the incentives driving individual behaviour. This thesis argues that the best way to conceptualise the problem of corruption is as a process in socio-economic and political development that is more than a problem of individual morality or market imperfections. Consequently, it is argued that by analysing corruption as part of a broader process in a society's socio-economic structure, societal power relations that sustain the process and the institutions that have been internalised can be better understood, thus leading to more effective anti-corruption strategies. In order to address the theoretical gap and explain the potential impact of formal institutions in constraining corruption or the role of informal institutions in the persistence of corruption, this thesis broadens the institutional analysis to include both formal and informal institutions.
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Lesné, Frédéric. "Measuring corruption in business surveys : current practice and perspectives." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAD014/document.
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Le sujet de cette thèse de doctorat est la mesure de la corruption. Ses principales contributions à la recherche en économie sont une réflexion sur la pratique actuelle de construction d'indicateurs de la corruption à partir d'enquêtes d’entreprises, et la suggestion d'approches innovantes visant à améliorer la qualité de ces indicateurs. Cette thèse est composée de trois chapitres. Le premier chapitre examine la mesure dans laquelle demander à des propriétaires et gestionnaires d’entreprise d'évaluer la magnitude de la corruption en pourcentage de leur chiffre d'affaires ou en termes monétaires influence leurs estimations, et les raisons expliquant cette différence. Je confirme des résultats antérieurs que les estimations de la corruption sont significativement plus élevées lorsqu'elles sont exprimées en pourcentage de chiffres d’affaires plutôt qu'en valeur monétaire. Ce résultat est vraisemblablement causé par une erreur de calcul de la part de certains répondants. L'expérience dans la gestion d'entreprise limite cette propension à l'erreur, sans toutefois l'éliminer complètement. Le deuxième chapitre évalue comment les chefs d'entreprise ayant remporté des marchés publics considérés à risque de corruption se comportent vis-à-vis d'une enquête sur les marchés publics. Je conclus que les entreprises ayant une plus grande expérience de la corruption ne sont pas plus susceptibles de refuser de participer à l'enquête ou de répondre à une question leur demandant d'estimer la magnitude de la corruption, mais ont une probabilité plus élevée que les autres de nier l'existence de corruption dans les marchés publics. Le troisième chapitre propose une approche innovante d'identification des répondants réticents dans les enquêtes d'entreprise et de correction des indicateurs de fréquence de la corruptionThe topic of this doctoral thesis is corruption measurement. Its main contributions to economic research are a reflection on the current practice of producing corruption indicators using business survey data, and suggesting innovative approaches to improve the quality of those indicators. This thesis is composed of three Chapters. The first Chapter investigates how asking firm owners and managers to estimate the magnitude of bribery as a percentage of their turnover or in monetary terms affects their estimations and the reasons for this difference. I confirm previous findings that estimates of bribery are significantly higher when expressed as a percentage of turnover rather than in monetary value. This result is likely due to miscalculations on the part of some respondents. Experience in running a business appears to mitigate this propensity to error, but without eliminating entirely. The second Chapter evaluates how firm owners and managers which were awarded public contracts considered at risk of corruption behave in responding to a survey about public procurement. I conclude that firms with more experience of corruption are no more likely to decline participating in the survey or to answer a question asking them to evaluate the magnitude of bribery, but have a higher probability to deny the existence of bribery compared to firms with less experience of corruption. The third Chapter suggests an innovative approach to identify reticent respondents in business surveys and to correct indicators for the frequency of corruption accordingly
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Campos, Medina Alexander, Canchari Alan Carlos Alarcón, Sobrevilla César Guzmán-Barrón, Boza Derik Latorre, Zamora Marco Antonio Martínez, and Quiñones Sandro Espinoza. "Lights and Shadows of Arbitration in Government Procurement." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117776.
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The present event talks about some relevant aspects in arbitration on public procurement matter, such as additional the non-arbitrability of additional provisions, the use of interim measures against administrative penalties and corruption of arbitration on public procurement matter. The discussion is done in the frame of the new Public Procurement Law.El presente evento gira entorno a algunos aspectos relevantes respecto al arbitraje en contratación pública, tales como la no arbitrabilidad de adicionales de obra, la presentación de una medida cautelar ante una sanción administrativa y la corrupción en arbitraje en contrataciones del Estado. La discusión se enmarca, además, en el panorama de la nueva Ley de Contrataciones del Estado.
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Espinoza, Quiñones Sandro, and Flores Carmen Chunga. "The Arbitrability of Corruption: Is it Possible to Apply "Clean Hands Doctrine" in Arbitration in Public Procurement?" Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119116.
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The arbitration proceeding is characterized for being an efficient, impartial, and above all a transparent mechanism, wherefore various private and public entities have aimed to it in order to solve their patrimonial controversies. Nevertheless, there is a sector within the doctrine that maintains that, on the assumption that the matter to arbitrate comes from legal relationships marked by corruption, the arbitration court should declare the unarbitrability of the matter, since it would violate the public order.The present paper will broach the impact of the entitled «Clean Hands Doctrine» on certain Law branches, its origins on the worldwide legal systems, the relation of it with other legal entities on which it is based on, and we will discuss international legal precedents on the matter, as well as the possible application of this doctrine to arbitration proceedings on a local context and in public procurements matter.El arbitraje se caracteriza por ser un mecanismo imparcial, eficaz y sobre todo, transparente, motivo por el cual entidades privadas y estatales se abocan al mismo con la finalidad de resolver sus controversias patrimoniales. No obstante, existe un sector de la doctrina que sostiene que, cuando la materia a arbitrar provenga de relaciones jurídicas revestidas de corrupción, el tribunal arbitral debería declarar la inarbitrabilidad de la materia, pues se estaría vulnerando el orden público.El presente trabajo abordará la incidencia de la denominada «Clean Hands Doctrine» en determinadas ramas del Derecho, sus orígenes en los sistemas jurídicos del mundo, su relación con otras figuras jurídicas en las cuales se sustenta, y comentaremos tanto la jurisprudencia internacional al respecto, como la posible aplicación de esta doctrina al arbitraje en el contexto nacional, en materia de contrataciones con el Estado.
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Opperman, Sophia Kathleen. "Perceptions on fraud and corruption policies and strategies in public procurement within the Western Cape Provincial Treasury (WCPT)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96104.
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Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Corruption affects the lives of everyone in South Africa and can thus be characterised as a common enemy. Fraud and corruption especially in the procurement systems is one of the major contributors of annual losses the Western Cape Provincial Government incurs. Since the introduction of computerised procurement systems, also known as e-procurement, the occurrence of fraud and corruption has substantially increased as soon as individuals familiarize themselves with the system. The Western Cape Provincial Government will save a huge amount of money if fraud and corruption could be prevented and limited. These funds could be put to better use and result to better service delivery. The Government has therefore developed many policies and strategies to try to combat and prevent corruption in procurement both in the public and private sector. This study examines the perceptions of key stakeholders on the appropriateness of the strategies in place to prevent fraud and corruption in the provincial procurement system by particularly looking at the achievements and limitations that have been experienced. The focal point is the Western Cape Provincial Treasury since they are currently the owners of the computerised procurement system. The study also includes an assessment of the role of the Western Cape Provincial Treasury in general in fighting fraud and corruption in public procurement. The research methods utilised include a comprehensive review of documentation published by the provincial government with regard to fraud and corruption as well as perceptions of key stakeholders on the appropriateness of anti-corruption policies and strategies in the Western Cape Provincial Government. Government has, in its commitment to fight corruption, established various anti-corruption agencies, developed a number of programmes and introduced numerous legislative frameworks. The Western Cape Government in particular has developed a transversal Anti-corruption Strategy to provide a framework within which to combat fraud, corruption and theft in the province. All provincial departments are encouraged to maintain a zerotolerance against corruption by developing and implementing a Fraud and Corruption policy within their various departments. The proper implementation of the anti-corruption policy is imperative for the prevention of fraud and corruption. Western Cape Provincial Treasury, as the custodian of the LOGIS procurement system in the Western Cape, plays a vital role in promoting compliance to relevant legislation by implementing anti-corruption strategies. It is apparent that different anti-corruption strategies to control and manage fraud and corruption in procurement do exist, but its appropriateness differs from department to department. Anti-corruption strategies will only be successful when it eliminates the occurrence of fraud and when perpetrators are caught and executed. Management should play a vital role in identifying and combating corruption in departments. Employees should be made aware of the consequences if they should commit any fraudulent acts. Furthermore, all officials should be encouraged to report any fraudulent incidents.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Korrupsie beïnvloed die lewens van almal in Suid-Afrika en kan dus gedefinieer word as 'n gemeenskaplike vyand. Bedrog en korrupsie, veral in die verkryging stelsels is een van die grootste bydraers van die jaarlikse verliese die wat die Wes-Kaapse Provinsiale Regering aangaan. Sedert die bekendstelling van die gerekenariseerde verkryging stelsels, ook bekend as e-verkryging, het die voorkoms van bedrog en korrupsie aansienlik verhoog sodra individue hulself vertroud maak met die stelsel. Die Wes-Kaapse Provinsiale Regering sal 'n groot bedrae geld bespaar as bedrog en korrupsie voorkom en beperk kan word. Hierdie fondse kan op op sy beurt beter aangewend word en kan tot beter dienslewering lei. Die Regering het baie beleide en strategieë ontwikkel om korrupsie te probeer verhoed en te bestry - beide in die openbare en private sektor. Hierdie studie ondersoek die persepsies van belanghebbendes oor die toepaslikheid van die strategieë om bedrog en korrupsie in die provinsiale verkryging stelsel te voorkom deur veral te kyk na die prestasies en beperkings wat ondervind is. Die fokuspunt is die Wes-Kaapse Provinsiale Tesourie, aangesien hulle tans die eienaars van die gerekenariseerde verkryging stelsel is. Die studie sluit ook 'n evaluering van die rol wat die Wes-Kaapse Provinsiale Tesourie speel om bedrog en korrupsie in die openbare verkryging stelsel te voorkom. Die navorsingsmetodes wat gebruik is sluit in ‘n omvattende opname van die dokumentasie wat deur die provinsiale regering gepubliseer is met betrekking tot bedrog en korrupsie asook persepsies van belanghebbendes oor die toepaslikheid van anti-korrupsie beleide en strategieë in die Wes-Kaapse Provinsiale Regering. In sy verbintenis om korrupsie te beveg, het die regering verskeie anti-korrupsie agentskappe ingestel, 'n aantal programme ontwikkel en talle wetgewende raamwerke bekend gestel. Die Wes-Kaapse regering het in die besonder 'n dwarsleggende Anti-korrupsie strategie ontwikkel om 'n raamwerk te voorsien waarbinne bedrog, korrupsie en diefstal in die provinsie bekamp kan word. Alle provinsiale departemente word aangemoedig om 'n “zero tolerance” teen korrupsie te handhaaf deur die ontwikkeling en implementering van 'n bedrog en korrupsie beleid binne hul onderskeie departemente. Die behoorlike implementering van die anti-korrupsie beleid is noodsaaklik vir die voorkoming van bedrog en korrupsie. Wes-Kaapse Provinsiale Tesourie, as die bewaarder van die LOGIS verkryging stelsel in die Wes-Kaap, speel 'n belangrike rol in die voldoening aan toepaslike wetgewing deur die implementering van anti-korrupsie strategieë. Dit is duidelik dat verskillende anti-korrupsie strategieë om bedrog en korrupsie te beheer en te voorkom wel bestaan, maar die toepaslikheid verskil van departement tot departement. Anti-korrupsie strategieë sal slegs suksesvol wees wanneer dit die voorkoms van bedrog elimineer en wanneer oortreders gevang en tereggestel word. Bestuur moet 'n belangrike rol speel in die identifisering en die bekamping van korrupsie in departemente. Werknemers moet bewus gemaak word van die gevolge indien hulle enige bedrieglike dade pleeg. Verder moet alle amptenare aangemoedig word om enige bedrieglike voorvalle aan te meld.
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Mbabane, Simphiwe Mkhululi. "The external supervision of the municipal procurement." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5803_1370594147.
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Ring, Fred. "Outsourced Public Service, Make or Break the Rule of Law?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-377689.
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Corruption is an area that has intrigued plenty of political scientists. This thesis is an attempt to examine how corruption is affected by the sheer amount of public outsourcing with a sample of countries used in a qualitative multivariate analysis. The variables used to control the correlation are inspired by previous research on what causes corruption, while the sample of countries used are those countries that had representation in the indexes used between 2012 to 2015. The main findings are that spending more on public outsourcing tend to lead to slightly less corruption. These results are inconclusive since the main findings was a non-statistically significant when introduced to my set of control variables. However, there is a silver-lining to this inconclusiveness, that being to pinpoint a mechanism for outsourcing and/or corruption: civil wages.
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Horie, Shinya. "Two Essays on Local Public Economics." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1440397819.
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Masaitytė, Daiva. "Viešųjų pirkimų vykdymo Lietuvoje vertinimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140603_133838-78663.
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Magistro baigiamajame darbe išanalizuotas ir įvertintas viešųjų pirkimų vykdymas Lietuvoje ir jo efektyvumas, iškeltos viešųjų pirkimų vykdymo Lietuvoje problemos bei pateikti siūlymai kaip šias problemas spręsti, t. y. kaip padidinti viešųjų pirkimų vykdymo efektyvumą. Pirmojoje darbo dalyje teoriniu aspektu yra tiriamas viešųjų pirkimų teisinis reguliavimas, samprata, tikslai ir principai. Pateikiamos apibendrintos mokslinėje literatūroje ir viešųjų pirkimų vykdymo praktikoje nustatytos viešųjų pirkimų vykdymo Lietuvoje problemos, apžvelgta viešųjų pirkimų vykdymo Lietuvoje kontrolė. Antrojoje darbo dalyje yra nustatyta viešųjų pirkimų vykdymo Lietuvoje vertinimo metodologija. Trečiojoje dalyje yra atlikta Viešųjų pirkimų vykdymo Lietuvoje analizė, kurioje ypatingas dėmesys skirtas viešųjų pirkimų vykdymo efektyvumo rodiklių atskleidimui: skaidrumo didinimui, elektroniniams ir centralizuotiems pirkimams, teisiniam reglamentavimui, viešųjų pirkimų vykdytojų kvalifikacijos kėlimui, viešųjų pirkimų vykdymo trukmei.The Master’s Thesis provides analysis and evaluation of public procurement procedures as well as their efficiency in Lithuania, identifies problems of public procurement procedures in Lithuania and defines proposals aimed at solving these problems in order to improve efficiency of the public procurement procedures. The first part of the Thesis presents overview of legal regulation, concept, objectives and principles of public procurement from the theoretical point of view. Problems related to the public procurement procedures in Lithuania, as summarized in the scientific literature and identified in practical implementation of public procurement procedures, are presented and control of public procurement procedures in Lithuania is reviewed. The second part of the Thesis defines methodology for evaluation of public procurement procedures in Lithuania. The third part provides analysis of public procurement procedures in Lithuania with a special focus on the establishment of the following efficiency indicators for the public procurement procedures: increasing of transparency, electronic and centralized procurement, legal regulation, development of qualifications of officers responsible for public procurement, duration of public procurement procedure.
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Santos, Carolina Tojal Ramos dos. "Compras eletrônicas e incentivos à eficiência no setor público: evidências do Estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-17082018-162125/.
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A dissertação investiga como a corrupção e a ineficiência afetam os preços pagos pelo setor público na compra de bens. Comumente atribuem-se os preços elevados à corrupção. Contudo, em geral, não é possível separar os efeitos daqueles advindos da ineficiência gerada pela própria burocracia. Para distinguir as implicações dessas duas variáveis, utiliza-se a adoção do pregão eletrônico da Bolsa Eletrônica de Compras de São Paulo (BEC/SP) pelos órgãos do estado, pois considera-se que ele gera incentivos distintos para os órgãos a depender de qual efeito é mais importante para explicar os preços. As evidências empíricas apontam que os órgãos públicos pagam preços distintos por produtos semelhantes e que aqueles que pagavam preços mais altos têm mais chances de aderir ao pregão eletrônico da BEC, o que indica que as diferenças de preços se devem, sobretudo, à ineficiência. Além disso órgãos que pagavam preços mais baixos têm menos incentivos em aderir ao pregão eletrônico, pois já possuem mecanismos de compras mais eficientes, e manipulam os valores totais de suas aquisições para conseguir se enquadrar na categoria de dispensa de licitação.The master thesis investigates how corruption and inefficiency affect the prices paid by public bodies for the purchase of goods. The high prices are commonly attributed to corruption, but in general it is not possible to separate the effects of inefficiency generated by the bureaucracy itself. In order to distinguish the implications of these two variables we use the adoption of the descending electronic auction through an online procurement platform (Bolsa Eletrônica de Compras de São Paulo - BEC/SP) by the public bodies of the state of São Paulo. It is possible to separate the effects on procurement prices because the descending electronic auction generates different incentives for the public bodies depending on which effect is the most important. The empirical evidence indicates that the agencies pay different prices for similar products and that those who pay higher prices are more likely to use the descending electronic auction, which indicates that price differences are mainly due to inefficiency. In addition, the lower-paying agencies have fewer incentives to join the descending electronic auction, because they already have more efficient purchasing mechanisms, and manipulate the total amounts of their purchases to be exempted from doing a bidding process.
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Sabilika, Maxwell Seagent. "Evaluating the efficacy of anti-corruption measures in the procurement system: a case study of Marondera municipality in Mashonaland, east of Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007620.
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Anti-corruption measures are put forward as a panacea to effective procurement system, among other things, which ultimately improve service delivery. Corruption has demonstrated remarkable durability and flexibility to survive in all socio-economic systems with the conception of a corruption-free economy in reality, is hardly possible. Given this background, this study sought to evaluate the efficacy of the already implemented anti-corruption measures in the procurememt procecesses of Marondera municipality. To understand their effectiveness, relevant literature was reviewed. Different scholars point against the ineffectiveness of these measures, with Corruption Perception Index (CPI) from previous research showing devastating results in Zimbabwean local institutions. A further discussion of corruption cenception, different anti-corruption measures and legal frameworks gave a greater understanding of the area under study. In this study, a sample of 80 respondents was identified and data collected from them using both snow ball and purposive sampling methods. Thirty-five of them were females respondents and forty-five were male respondents from Marondera municipal community, with different demographic characteristics which was used for comparison of responses. Questionnaires and interviews were used as research instruments. Both the Quantitative and Qualitative research methods were used in the anaylsis of the data, to increase validity and reliability of the feelings.
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Beukes, Soraya. "Enquiry into what frustrates the efficacy of preferential public procurement as a policy tool for black economic empowerment." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5297_1365584108.
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Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) has been a topic of discussion since the dawn of democracy in April 1994. Due to the entrenched inequalities of the past, economic empowerment is very important for the economic growth of the majority of South Africa&rsquo
s citizens. However, significant economic enrichment of black people has not been made, despite, economic success, legislation, state policies and programme interventions. This economic growth is to be realised through the use of preferential procurement as a policy tool for BEE. Whilst sufficient legislation has been enacted to regulate preferential procurement, to favour black people, much still seems to be lacking in the enforcement of the laws in public procurement. Central to the challenges of preferential procurement is the disharmony between the Framework legislation governing preferential procurement and BEE. This discord has seen two visions being followed for preferential procurement
the Procurement Act refers to the beneficiaries of BEE as historically disadvantaged individuals (HDI
s) and the goals for BEE are measured through specific goals which promotes narrow empowerment
the BBBEE Act on the other hand defines black people as the recipients of BEE and through the BEE Codes broad-based empowerment is promoted through seven core elements. This congruency has not served the promotion of preferential procurement, it has created a hindrance that frustrates economic growth for those it is intended. The other quandary that undermines the success of preferential procurement is willful practices engaged by both tenderers and public officials
skills deficiency in the adjudication of tenders and self-interest. The success of BEE through preferential procurement is dependent on a coherently legislated procurement environment fortified by perceptive public officials. The objective of this thesis is to analyse the impact of these challenges on the success of preferential procurement. The study will highlight the main practices that defeat the use of preferential procurement. This will include an analysis of the various legislation and the amendments thereto. In addition the enquiry will examine the proficiency of public officials in the adjudication of public tendering. Recommendations for a successful preferential public procurement environment will be made. The proposed thesis will utilise, inter alia, relevant legislation, case law, theses, journals, books and policy documents.
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Flint, Amanda H. "Procurement integrity in contingency operations: a case study of Army Contracting Officer corruption in Operations Iraqi and enduring freedom utilizing occupational fraud theory." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10602.
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MBA Professional ReportThe purpose of this project is to analyze the conditions that enabled corruption of Army Contingency Contracting Officers (CCOs) during Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom (OIF/OEF) by applying occupational fraud theory, specifically the classic sociological/criminological Fraud Triangle model (Cressey, 1953), to determine its validity in a contingency operation. By examining the contracting environment in OIF and OEF and utilizing the conceptual framework of occupational fraud theory, I identify the distinctive situational elements of a contingency operation that influence an individual's decision to commit fraud and thus affect the probability of fraud occurring in contingency operations. By analyzing the procurement fraud environment in OIF and OEF using an occupational fraud model, I provide the foundation for understanding why fraud occurs in the context of contingency operations with the intent of preventing future procurement integrity violations. Reducing instances of fraud directly impacts the appropriate utilization of taxpayer funding and the operational readiness of the warfighter, as well as enhances the reputation and standing of the Army CCO Corps.
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Nsalou, Nkoua Lewis. "Les marchés publics et le développement économique au Congo." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA111010.
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Les marchés publics au Congo ont été longtemps encadrés par le décret colonial du 9 mars 1959. Rédigée dans un contexte historique particulier, cette règlementation s’est avérée éloignée des réalités socio-économiques du Congo à la suite de l’indépendance proclamée le 15 août 1960. Institué pour accompagner le pays vers son développement dans un environnement économique libéral, ce décret colonial a été, dans la pratique, complètement écarté au profit des règles édictées par le Parti unique et l’idéologie marxiste à partir de l’année 1964. En 1982, une nouvelle réglementation des marchés publics devant servir de fondement à la politique contractuelle de développement économique du pays a été définie par les autorités congolaises de l’époque. Cette nouvelle réglementation des marchés publics, mise en place par le décret du 22 avril 1982, a le mérite d’avoir créé les autorités de gestion des marchés publics et fixé un cadre de passation des marchés et contrats de l’État. Toutefois, elle a aussitôt montré ses limites et ses insuffisances au regard de la configuration socio-politique du pays. Plusieurs facteurs participent à l’inefficacité du dispositif de 1982 : le monopartisme, l’endettement des entreprises publiques et de l’État, la corruption dans la passation des marchés publics, le recours excessif au gré à gré et l’instabilité institutionnelle. Avec l’avènement dans les années 1990-1991 de la démocratie, même fragilisée par les guerres civiles, un vent de réformes importantes souffle sur le Congo. C’est ainsi que, dans la perspective de la reconstruction institutionnelle et économique du pays, avec l’appui des organisations financières internationales, les autorités congolaises ont engagé une série de réformes, parmi lesquelles s’inscrit la réforme portant codification des marchés publics. Mis en place par le décret du 20 mai 2009, le Code des marchés publics constitue une réponse à plusieurs objectifs : la transparence, la bonne gouvernance, la lutte contre la corruption et le développement économique du Congo. Dès lors, un état des lieux de la réglementation des marchés publics au Congo, de son accession à l’indépendance en 1960 à nos jours, semblait nécessaire pour dégager des perspectives nouvelles. Pour que les marchés publics deviennent un outil au service du développement économique du pays, quelques préalables s’imposent : la lutte contre la pauvreté, le renforcement du rôle de la justice, l’égalité entre les candidats aux marchés, la prise en considération des exigences sociales et environnementales localesProcurement in the Congo has long been framed by the colonial decree of March 9th, 1959. Written in a particular historical context, this regulation has proven to be far from the socio-economic realities of the Congo as a result of the independence proclaimed on August 15th, 1960. Established with the view of leading the country towards its development in a liberal economic environment, this colonial decree was, in practice, completely sidelined in favor of the rules issued by the Single Party and the Marxist ideology from the year 1964. In 1982, new procurement rules to serve as a basis for the contractual policy of economic development has been defined by the Congolese authorities of the time. This new procurement regulation, established by a Decree of April 22nd, 1982, is credited with having created the management authorities of public contracts and having set a framework for procurement and government contracts. However, it soon showed its limits and shortcomings with regard to the socio-political configuration of the country. Several factors contributed to the inefficiency of the device in 1982: the party system, the State debt and that of public enterprises, corruption in public procurement, the excessive use of OTC over the counter negotiations and institutional instability. In the years 1990-1991, with the advent of democracy, even though weakened by civil wars, a significant wind of change blew across the Congo. Thus, in view of the institutional and economic reconstruction of the country, with the support of the international financial organizations, the Congolese authorities have undertaken a series of reforms, including the reform codifying procurement. Established by the Decree of May 20th, 2009, the Procurement Code aims at several objectives: transparency, good governance, the fight against corruption and economic development of the Congo. Therefore, an overview of the procurement rules from the Congo's independence in 1960 until today seemed necessary to identify new prospects. For public procurement to become a tool of economic development, there are some prerequisites: fighting against poverty, strengthening the role of justice, granting candidates equal access markets, taking into consideration local social and environmental requirements
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Astudillo, Meza Guillermo, and Montes Sandra Jiménez. "Compliance Programs as a Mechanism to Fight Corruption: Special Reference to Self-Regulation of Companies." Derecho & Sociedad, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118648.
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This article analyzes the influence self-regulation has had in the recent years as a law instrument that helps monitor corporate organizations, as well as its consequences in the fight against public corruption through corporate compliance programs.El presente artículo analiza la influencia que en los últimos años ha tenido el fenómeno de la autorregulación para el derecho como mecanismo de supervisión de las organizaciones empresariales y sus implicancias en la lucha contra la corrupción pública a través de los programas de cumplimiento para las empresas.
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Costa, Caio César de Medeiros. "O dinheiro público pelo ralo: ensaios em gestão e corrupção." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/16453.
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Efficiency managing public resources has become an important issue for the academy and for public managers. The importance of the allocative function of the state, and the increased demands of the population also, has elevation the efficiency in the public money management subject to a high degree of relevance. To contribute to this debate, the main objective of this thesis is to understand the waste of the public resource and its nuances. In such set, public procurement processes and the occurrence of corruption are two important issues asking for further strength, and it is about them that I put effort over to answer the issues raised. Thus, this thesis was organized containing three original articles. Each one of them is dedicated to a specific aspect, identified within the theories that permeate the debate in the context of public administration and government. The first article aims to analyze the relevance of public bidding processes. Based on the assumptions of the theory of auctions, highlighting the relationship between increasing competition and lower prices from the bidders, the study adds to the literature on aspects such as transaction costs and problems related to the provider definition based in price as the unique criterion. The second article discusses the relationship between the lower prices strategies on the bidding stage and the contract modifications during its execution. This article has the literature is based on the literature that pointing, the difficulties in designing complete contracts considering the possibility of bidders avail themselves of information asymmetry to plot their strategies. By this use is given the unbalanced bids name and is on the point that the second paper discuss. In the third article, the theme addressed is corruption, and the intention of it is to verify the association between corruption and public health indicators in Brazilian municipalities. The findings raise some debate and add to the state of the art issues not raised yet. Among these issues, there is an association between conducting bidding processes and prices, on average, higher. Another important issue concerns the factors related to modifications of contracts, finding no empirical evidence to demonstrate the existence of the unbalanced bid. Finally, this last article highlights the relationship between corruption and socioeconomic indicators, showing, among other things, the correlation of corruption with the indicators in the opposite direction for certain indicators. It is hoped that this thesis will stimulate further research, involving issues addressed here, ideally giving contributions to improving public management in Brazil.
A gestão eficiente do recurso público tem se colocado como um importante tema tanto para a academia quanto para os gestores públicos. O papel de destaque da função alocativa do Estado, em conjunto com o aumento das demandas da população, tem alçado tal tema a alto grau de relevância. Para contribuir com esse debate, o objetivo principal desta tese é entender o desperdício do recurso e suas nuances. Nesse contexto, os processos de contratação por parte do Estado e a ocorrência de corrupção são dois assuntos em alta e que carecem de maior aprofundamento, e é sobre eles que me debruço para cumprir os objetivos traçados. Assim, a presente tese foi organizada contendo três artigos inéditos. Cada um deles se dedica a um aspecto específico, identificado dentro das teorias que permeiam o debate no contexto da administração pública e governo. O primeiro artigo tem como objetivo analisar a pertinência na realização de processos licitatórios. Partindo dos pressupostos da teoria dos leilões, que destacam a relação entre o aumento da concorrência e a diminuição dos preços praticados pelos licitantes,o estudo adiciona à literatura sobre o tema aspectos como os custos de transação e os problemas relacionados à definição do fornecedor, baseada no preço como critério único. O segundo artigo aborda a relação existente entre a economia obtida na etapa de licitação e as modificações realizadas no contrato durante a sua execução. Esse artigo conta com o subsídio da literatura que aponta as dificuldades em se desenhar contratos completos e que considera a possibilidade de os licitantes se valerem da assimetria de informação para traçar suas estratégias. A essa utilização se dá o nome de jogo de planilha e é sobre tal ponto que o segundo trabalho versa. No terceiro artigo, a temática abordada é a corrupção, e o objetivo do mesmo é verificar a possível associação entre a corrupção e os indicadores de saúde pública nos municípios. Se apoiando na literatura que destaca a relação negativa entre a corrupção e os indicadores sociais, eu testo se tal questão, se tal padrão de associação se repete nos indicadores municipais de saúde dos municípios. Os resultados encontrados suscitam alguns debates e acrescentam ao estado da arte questões ainda não levantadas. Entre essas questões, destaca-se a associação entre a realização de processos licitatórios e preços, em média, mais altos. Outra questão importante diz respeito aos fatores relacionados às modificações dos contratos, não encontrando evidências empíricas que demonstrem a existência do chamado jogo de planilha. Por fim, esse último artigo destaca a relação entre a corrupção e os indicadores socioeconômicos, demonstrando, entre outros aspectos, a correlação da corrupção com os indicadores em sentido oposto para determinados indicadores. Espera-se que esta tese estimule pesquisas mais aprofundadas, envolvendo as temáticas aqui abordadas, idealmente, dando contribuições para a melhoria da gestão pública no Brasil, em que pese a importância dos processos de compras públicas e a relação entre a corrupção e os indicadores de saúde.
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Lehne, Jonathan. "Essays on the Political Economy of India." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. https://ecm.univ-paris1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/7866eb5d-fe06-4488-9587-1627f17ef00c.
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Cette thèse se compose de trois articles empiriques sur l'économie politique de l'Inde. Il se concentre sur les incitations qui déterminent la qualité de la gouvernance et les activités illégales qui peuvent la compromettre. Chapitre I étudie les effets de la production d'opium par le gouvernement colonial britannique sur le développement contemporain et à long terme. Je montre que des zones de cultures ont été ciblées pour des dépenses plus élevées en irrigation et en sécurité, mais ont reçu moins d'investissements dans le capital humain. En évaluant les mêmes variables aujourd'hui, je ne trouve pas de différences persistantes dans l'irrigation ou la police, mais les anciennes zones de culture continuent d'avoir moins d'écoles, moins de centres de santé et des taux d'alphabétisation plus faibles. Chapitre 2 évalue l'impact des politiciens au pouvoir sur la suppression des électeurs des communautés minoritaires de la liste électorale. Un ensemble de données sur plus de 120 millions d'électeurs, me permet de suivre la suppression des inscriptions électorales. Je montre que le taux de suppression des musulmans diminue lorsqu'un musulman est élu et augmente lorsqu'un membre du BJP est élu. Chapitre 3, co-écrit avec Jacob Shapiro et Oliver Yanden Eynde, fournit des preuves de l'ingérence politique dans l'attribution des contrats pour un programme de construction de routes et documente les coûts sociaux de cette corruption. Nous montrons que l'élection d'un politicien augmente la part des contrats attribués aux entrepreneurs du même nom de famille. Cette interférence augmente le coût de la construction et augmente la probabilité que les routes ne soient jamais construitesThis thesis consists of three separate empirical papers on the political economy of India. It focuses on private incentives that determine the quality of governance and illegal activities that can undermine it. The first chapter studies the effects of opium production under the British colonial government on the contemporary and long-term development of cultivating areas. I show that poppy-growing areas received increased public spending on irrigation and security, but lower investment in human capital. Evaluating the same outcomes one century after the end of the opium trade, I find no persistent differences in irrigation or police presence but former cultivating areas still have fewer schools, fewer health centres and lower literacy. The second chapter evaluates the impact of incumbent politicians on the removal of minority voters from the electoral roll. I construct an individual-level panel dataset on over 120 million registered voters in the state of Uttar Pradesh in order to track the deletion of voters over time. I find that the deletion rate of Muslim registrations declines when a Muslim politician is elected and increases when the elected politician is a member of the Bharitya Janata Party. The third chapter, co-authored with Jacob Shapiro and Oliver Yanden Eynde, provides evidence of political interference in the allocation of contracts for a major road construction scheme, and documents the welfare costs of this corruption. We show that the election of a politician increases the share of contracts awarded to contractors with the same surname. This interference raises the cost of road construction and increases the likelihood that roads are never built
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Navrátilová, Pavla. "Nejnovější trendy ve vývoji právní úpravy veřejných zakázek." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-163925.
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This thesis deals with public procurement law in the Czech Republic. It captures the latest trends in public procurement law, together with the amendment to the Public Procurement Act, which entered into force on 1 April 2012. The opening chapter introduces the concepts that are closely related to the issue of public procurement and corruption. There are explained key institutional control mechanisms in the Czech Republic and criminal liability of corruption. The analytical part of this thesis describes the changes, which the amendment brought into the Public Procurement Law. These changes are mainly assessed in terms of impact on the suppression of corruption. This thesis presents and analyzes the arguments of proponents and opponents of the amendment. The analysis is accompanied by a brief look at the development of legislation on public procurement in the European Union in general and in two selected countries of the European Union. The conclusion contains a summary assessment of the issue along with an outlook for a possible further developments in the legal regulation of public procurement. Based on the analysis, the thesis leads to the conclusion that the amendment of public contracts, despite some shortcomings, is leading to a more transparent procurement environment.
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Jenayah, Alia. "Le contrôle de l'exécution des marchés publics en droit tunisien." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D017.
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Contrairement aux contrats de droit privé où l'exécution est surtout l'affaire des parties, l'exécution des marchés publics est soumise à des contrôles multiples qui ont proliféré en Tunisie au gré de l'évolution des politiques publiques. Dans une perspective systémique, trois niveaux de contrôle différents mais interdépendants peuvent être distingués : celui exercé par les parties contractantes, celui exercé par des organes plus ou moins dépendants de l'administration, et celui, décisif, exercé par les tribunaux. L'étude des interactions entre ces différents éléments, dans un contexte nouveau caractérisé par l'adoption d'une nouvelle Constitution d'inspiration libérale et par l'adoption d'un nouveau code des marchés publics, aura permis de mettre l'accent sur les tensions qui continuent d'affecter l'équilibre général du système. En dépit du changement de contexte, le système de contrôle demeure en effet essentiellement tourné vers la protection de l'intérêt public. L'incertitude qui continue d'entourer la validité des normes de contrôle issues de l'ordre ancien et les carences du système de recours ne permettent pas aux autorités de contrôle de maintenir la balance entre l'intérêt public et l'intérêt des opérateurs économiques qui acceptent de contracter avec l'administration.À l'heure où s'amorce l'entreprise de refondation des institutions, le législateur et le juge pourraient s'inspirer utilement du mouvement général qui caractérise l'évolution de l'exécution des marchés publics en France, en tant que source principale d'influence du droit tunisien, pour concevoir les solutions qui pourraient mettre fin à l'inefficacité globale du systèmeUnlike private law contracts whose implementation system is mainly the responsibility of both parties, the implementation of public procurement contracts is subject to several controls that have proliferated in Tunisia along the evolution of public policies. Following a systemic approach, three different and yet interdependent levels of control can be distinguished: the control exercised by the contracting parties; the control exercised by authorities, which are in a certain extent dependent of the administration; and the, critical one, the control exercised by courts. The study of the interactions between these actors in a context characterized by the adoption of a new liberal Constitution and a new Code of Public Procurements, would make it possible to shed light on the tensions that continue to affect the general equilibrium of the system. The research concluded that, despite the changing context, the control system remains essentially focused on protecting the public interest.The research also concluded that the uncertainty surrounding the validity of the old regime's control norms and the deficiencies of the legal remedies' system remains and does not allow the monitoring authorities to maintain the balance between the public interest and the interests of economic operators contracting with the administration
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Chen, Yung-Hsiang, and 陳永祥. "The Relationship of Corruption and Government Procurement." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03990933532019044662.
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碩士國立臺北大學
犯罪學研究所
98
This article is based on seventy nine criminal cases involving government procurement corruption, and sentenced in the first instance in district court in 2008. In addition the study examined the completed judicial document produced by investigative agencies, the indictment from the prosecution unit and the referral paper from investigative agencies. A number of factors were analyzed, including the attributes of judicial agencies, the statistics on investigative agency enforcement referral and indicted, the comparison of time spent between and judgment and investigation, the accusation and punishment decided by prosecutor and judge, the discrepancy between the sentence in court and criminal charge referred by the prosecution agencies, and background of defendant and his/her criminal charge and stage and type of violating procurement procedure regulations. The research found the following : the offense of government procurement corruption happens mainly at the “open tender” stage, where the procurement executor has a dual and advantaged position. Ethical constraints fail to prevent the crime. The study makes three recommendations: the need to establish a standard operation procedure (SOP) or to restore the backing of criminal law; using the Criminal Proper Speed Trial Act to ensure the justice requirement of judicial procedure; and providing examples of violations to procurement executors for reference.
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Wu, Chuan-Yuan, and 吳權原. "The Research for the Corruption Crime Control on the Government Procurement." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10993538043231340298.
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碩士逢甲大學
交通工程與管理所
96
Considering the couple hundred billion NT dollars invested annually on infrastructure constructions by our governments, such huge amount of money weighs notable proportion in overall capital expenditure and affects local economy development greatly. However, the government procurement procedure in our country are generally criticized and suspected for corruptions or under table transactions. Such suspicions rise as a result of frequently found public work drawbacks, questionable workmanship and quality of public infrastructures. Moreover, contractors are generally accused to adopt any measure to allure government officials to disclose secret procurement information for their own benefit. Such illegal behaviors not only severely twist fair procurement mechanism but also damage the image of governments. In this study, government procurement, corruption crimes, and prevention strategy were discussed. The abuses, measures, and causing factors of these topics were illustrated to establish the foundation of this study. Moreover, the legal norms and code of conduct related to government procurement were also introduced. Consequently, we can then discuss the prevention of misconducts in procurement procedure using the above mentioned information. After understanding background and legal framework of procurement procedure, expert questionnaires were sent to government officials involved in procurement, contractors, and scholars to collect their hands-on experience and knowledge. The collected questionnaires were analyzed and the results were discussed. Finally, suggestions and future prospects on procurement policies evolved from this study were illustrated. It is the hope of the author to have some contributions to future procurement procedure and our society.
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Marcolongo, Giovanna. "Three essays on crime, corruption and clientelism." Thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/42002.
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This dissertation studies how organized crime and corruption can penetrate the legal economy.
In the first chapter I document the infiltration of organized crime in public procurement auctions in the aftermath of natural disasters. I focus on recent earthquakes that occurred in Italy between 2008 and 2016 and I utilize investigative data on participation in procurement auctions of firms associated with the mafia (in short, "mafia firms''). I show that criminal firms increase their participation in public procurement auctions in emergency-designated municipalities, particularly after relief status is declared over. Emergency status leads to a temporary increase in monitoring efforts, but a permanent positive shock to affected municipalities' reconstruction budgets, thus explaining the lagged effect. Using information on awarding procedures, I show that after the emergency the participation of mafia firms increases only in auctions with minimum discretion, suggesting it is not the result of collusion with local administrators.
In Chapter 2, I investigate whether windfalls from natural resources increase corruption and how this varies across countries with different institutions. I utilize leaked information on the beneficiaries of secret offshore entities to construct a measure of malfeasance. I find that countries respond to a rise in the price of the commodities they export with increased incorporation of offshore entities in tax havens. However, such a relationship exists only for autocratic regimes.
In Chapter 3, I develop a theoretical model to explain the role of political brokers in mediating clientelistic transactions between parties and voters. Brokers enjoy an informative advantage over parties: they observe the electorate's political preferences as well as their need for a private good (hospital beds) provided by the government. A party hires the broker to make a deal with the voters. The broker insures them against the risk of not receiving the private good when in need (sick) in exchange for their vote. The presence of the broker reduces aggregate welfare if parties focus on the electoral benefits coming from the provision of the private good and thus reduces the amount of public good (schools) below the optimal level. On the other hand welfare increases if private goods are delivered to citizens in need who would have not received them, had the broker not been present.
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賴怡君. "Research on the use of electronic procurement for corruption prevention in the public sector." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36ty7t.
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LIN, CHUN-CHUAN, and 林濬詮. "The Study on Legal Regulations and Preventive Mechanisms against Corruption Crime in Government Procurement." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/akk5a9.
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碩士銘傳大學
法律學系碩士在職專班
105
The government procurement, having big contract amount, long construction period, professional technology, and highly complexity, not only relates to national economic development, but also affects the industrial structure and business strategy. In order to achieve more equal, fair, and openness procurement, and maximal efficiency of governmental budget, Taiwan government legislated Government Procurement Law to regulate activities involved Governmental agencies and manufacturers in 1998. By collecting literatures and discussing court judgements, this thesis aims to explore the types and liabilities of procurement crime, and relative prevention mechanism. It has three research objectives: 1) to understand real situation of legal regulations and corruption crime; 2) to analyze criminal liability, measurement of penalty, and contemporary trend of government procurement; 3) to explore investigation and prevention mechanism of government procurement. The results show that, although Government Procurement Law provides definite mechanism with holonomic procurement procedure, reasonable tender deadline, completely public appraisal, international procurement market, institutional appeal, and explicit punishment, but corruption crimes also transform as time goes on. Unless central competent authority keeps calling together Industry-Government-Academia cooperation, government procurement system won’t be fixed its flaws and improved supervision mechanism.
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Novotný, Jan. "Režim zadávání veřejných zakázek a míra korupce: komparace České republiky a Dánského království." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-91681.
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Legodi, Lesetja Freddy. "Governance challenges in combating supply chain management corruption in Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/23101.
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Research report presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Management in Public Policy in the Faculty of Commerce, Law, and Management at the University of Witwatersrand
Degree of Confidentiality: A
Date: March 2017This dissertation is set out to investigate corruption-related challenges within the procurement and Supply Chain Management practices in the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality that hinder good practices and the promotion of good governance and offers insight on how those challenges could be addressed. A research design adopted is descriptive case study through a qualitative method approach which was influenced by the nature of the research problems understudy, in order to uncover trends in thought and opinions, and dive deeper into the problem, using in-depth interviews. The findings of the study or the identified challenges that are associated with procurement and SCM processes in the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality are a lack of capacity (skilled), inconsistent Bid Committee processes, lack of appraisal systems, ineffective technologically advanced SCM systems (E-procurement), lack of SCM monitoring tools, and lack of training programs for personnel. The study was meant to investigate corruption-related challenges within the procurement and Supply Chain Management practices in Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality that hinder good practices and the promotion of good governance, with the focus being on issues of accountability, rule of law, ethics and integrity, and transparency as principles of good governance and elements of anti-corruption measures in curbing corruption. The findings highlight the challenges that are likely to hinder good governance; and with a clear bigger picture of what the challenges are, then that would pave a way for what could to be done, especially in the procurement and Supply Chain Management Unit of the Municipality to abate corruption-related activities.
MT2017
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Lejček, Kryštof. "Příležitosti korupce v zákoně o veřejných zakázkách." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-435145.
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The thesis "Opportunities for corruption in the Public Procurement Act" deals with the identification of possible opportunities for corruption in public procurement under the current Act No. 134/2016 Coll., The Public Procurement Act and laws that dealt with public procurement after 1993. together with their amendments. The work is conceived as a case study according to Yin (Yin 1994) using the theory of networks of political actors, which is one of the most suitable for investigating cases of corruption (Potůček 2017). Furthermore, the concept of corruption is defined, including its development, and its types are known according to the academic literature. The aim of the thesis will be to find opportunities for corruption in the laws and also how these opportunities have changed over time, so the subject of the thesis is the period of public procurement from 1993 to the present (2020). The empirical part will analyze the laws and amendments for a given period of time in order to find corruption opportunities in public procurement laws. It will also be assessed whether the necessary changes have been achieved in relation to the reduction of corruption opportunities thanks to the amendment of public procurement laws. At the same time, a questionnaire survey is conducted among public procurement...
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Grobler, Elizabeth. "A criminological perspective on corruption in the public sector." Diss., 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/830.
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Corruption from a criminological perspective forms the basis of this dissertation. The crime component
of corruption the 'what', 'why' and 'how' is the dominant theme throughout the study and includes
corruption in the South African public sector, highlighting police corruption in the Western Cape.
Although this study is exploratory, certain qualitative interviewing techniques, including an interview
guide, were used to maximise the information obtained from knowledgeable interviewees. Corruption
was further elucidated by the employment of criminological theories to explain pertinent findings in the
research, by highlighting risk factors that lead to corruption, by giving examples of corruption and by
discussing anti-corruption agencies and the effectiveness of existing legislation.
Corruption in the public sector has always been around and will be ad infinitum. The severity of the
consequences of this phenomenon can be curtailed by the will of politicians, the involvement of civil
society and an operational criminal justice system.Criminology
MA (Criminology)
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Jakab, Miroslav. "Firmy s anonymními akciemi a veřejné zakázky: případ České republiky." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-435120.
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Anonymous Companies and Public Procurement: Evidence from the Czech Republic Abstract This thesis follows up on previous research concerning inefficiencies linked to tenders awarded to anonymous companies. After anonymous shares were abolished in 2014, the question is whether similar inefficiencies can be detected in the case of companies that ceased to be anonymous. A balanced sample of formerly anonymous companies and their comparable peers was constructed via a matching algorithm. A Welch unequal variance t-test was then used to check whether a disproportionate drop in selected performance indicators and in the share of formerly anonymous companies on total volume of public procurement can be detected. A linear regression model was further applied to inquire about the effect of anonymity and former anonymity on tender-specific savings. The results show that anonymity significantly contributes to lower tender savings, but no similar negative effect can be found in case of formerly anonymous companies. Profitability of the formerly anonymous companies also decreased, but no long- term drop in tender volume was found, indicating that a large portion of the inefficiencies can be traced back to well-established businesses rather than special purpose shells. This thesis thus extends the present research in the...
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Staňková, Natálie. "Diferenciace institucionální kvality a konkurenceschopnosti regionů Evropy." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-435835.
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This diploma thesis deals with the evaluation of the quality of institutions illustrated with example the risk of corruption in public procurement, and the impact of the quality of institutions on the regional competitiveness. Specifically, it focuses on the relationship between corruption risk in public procurement and indicators of the quality of government, economic performance and innovation performance. The theoretical part deals with the role of institutions in regional development, and institutional factors influencing the competitiveness and innovation performance of regions, as well as corruption and its manifestations in public procurement. The empirical part presents the European interregional differences in the level of corruption in public procurement, and the impact of corruption in public procurement on the quality of government, economic performance and innovation performance. Research shows the corruption in public procurement determines the quality of government across European regions, especially in Western and Central Europe. On the other hand, corruption in public procurement has little effect on the economic and innovation performance of regions. Key worlds: institution, innovation, competitiveness, corruption, public procurement
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Stehlík, Petr. "Vliv otevřenosti veřejné soutěže a dohledatelnosti vlastníka firmy na cenu veřejných zakázek." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-406010.
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The aim of this thesis is to analyse factors that contributes to public procurement overpricing in the Czech Republic. The paper combines use of quantitative and qualitative research methods. Existence of competition effect is proved, thus increase of competitors in selection procedure causes that final price decreases. Non-transparent suppliers in terms of traceability of beneficial owner is detected as next factor that contributes to overpricing. Also some types of contracts are showed as more problematic than others. Results of qualitative part of the research reveal other causes of overpricing, such as corruption, weak institutional environment or behaviour of public authorities. Public policy recommendations are presented at the end of the paper in order to improve current state of affairs.
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Themeli, Aluwani Rufaroh. "Exploring the value of computer forensics in the investigation of procurement fraud." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22400.
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The research problem for this study was that forensic investigators in the Forensic Services (FS) of the City of Tshwane (CoT) are unable to successfully deal with procurement fraud as a result of the lack of knowledge, skills and resources required to conduct computer forensics during the investigation of procurement fraud. This research was conducted to ascertain the value of computer forensics in the investigation of procurement fraud. Further, the study sought to determine how to improve the CoT forensic investigators’ knowledge and competence regarding the application of computer forensics in the investigation of procurement fraud.
The purpose of this study was to explore the procedures that should be followed by CoT forensic investigators when conducting computer forensics during the investigation of procurement fraud. The research also aimed to discover new information, not previously known to the researcher, related to computer forensics during the investigation of procurement fraud by exploring national and international literature. In addition, the study explored existing practices so as to use this information to improve the current CoT procedure, within the confines of the legislative requirements.
The overall purpose of this study is to provide practical recommendations for best practices, based on the results of the data analysis, which address the problem and enhance the investigative skills of CoT forensic investigators. The study established that it is imperative and compulsory to apply computer forensics in any procurement fraud investigation in order to efficiently track down cyber criminals and solve complicated and complex computer crimes. It was also established that forensic investigators within the FS in the CoT lack the necessary computer skills to optimally investigate procurement fraud. It is therefore recommended that CoT forensic investigators acquire the necessary skills and essential training in computer forensics in order to improve their knowledge and competence regarding the application and understanding of the value of computer forensics in the investigation of procurement fraud.School of Criminal Justice
M.Tech. (Forensic Investigation)
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JANÁČIK, Rastislav. "Transparentnost veřejných zakázek." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-136858.
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In the theoretical part I tried describe most basic terms of the law of public procurement, because of easier understanding of this topic. In this part I also tried assess the condition of transparency of public procurement in Czech Republic. Then I desribed the basic principles, which relating to standards of transparency of public procurement. These principles were defined by the OECD. I also tried to explatin, how European legislation solves the issue of transparency in public procurement. In the practical part, I focused on several practical examples related to non-transparent public procurement, where are seen various shortcomings in the process of public procurement. In one of the other chapter of thesis is shown a short statistical overview about public procurement in Czech Republic and also overview about public availability of informations related to public procurement in selected OECD countries. In this part I made a short comparison of legal measures in Czech Republic with the principles of transparency of public procurement, which are defined by the OECD. I also tried suggest possible effective solutions to improve the current situation.
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Hnátová, Michaela. "Problematika transparentního zadávání veřejných zakázek v České republice." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-384592.
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This qualitative case study focused on transparent public procurement. In the first three parts, the entire procurement process as well as the economic, legal and public policy definition were described through document analysis and secondary data analysis. The issue of the transparent behavior of the contracting authorities and the publication of relevant information was assessed more in detail. This fullfill the first secondary goal of the thesis - to describe the entire tender process and describe the transparent behavior associated with public procurement. The fourth part focuses on secondary analysis of data on the theoretical anchoring of the phenomenon. In the fifth part, the research analyzes the behavior of 12 selected public contracting authorities and tenderers using the mentioned qualitative methods. The answers of respondents are compared using tables and diagrams as well as the theoretical background. This was the second part of the thesis - to bring together the opinions and experience of the contracting authorities and tenderers and to compare them with the theoretical background. The benefit of the work is the development of a possible proposal how to improve the current situation in the area of contract transparency, thus fulfillment of the third secondary partial goal of the...
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Gawthorpe, Steven. Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372761.
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Systemic corruption is a common term amongst scholars and practitioners, yet there is sparse conceptual agreement and substantive analysis within the discourse. Regardless of the current deficit, there is considerable pioneering space and advantages to contrast against the overwhelming emphasis on individuals. This paper aims to broaden the conceptual scope of systemic corruption research through a pattern-to-process mixed-methods design. The design combines empirical data from the public procurement sector analyzing the spatiotemporal patterns of network behavior with a descriptive account of processes from in-depth interviews. The empirical approach statistically distinguishes the performance differentials of public procurement awards amongst firms that exhibit the characteristics of political influence from those that do not. This paper operationalizes that political influence is corruption when a public official would not have made the same decision without the special consideration of political affiliation, contribution, or network connection. After stripping away explanatory factors for firm competence, the data reveals that firms with influence characteristics win substantially more and more often performing similar work. The usage of geospatial cluster analysis, in conjunction with field...
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Langr, Ivan. "Veřejné zadávání v prostředí systémové korupce." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-411735.
Full textAbstract:
The dissertation aims to examine the phenomenon of systemic corruption in the Czech public procurement environment and to propose a theoretical concept that would help to identify the causes and risks of this phenomenon. In parallel, the dissertation elaborates on the basis for proposing an effective anti-corruption policy that would address the underlying systemic causes. Methodologically, the dissertation builds on the analysis of public procurement by the Office for the Protection of Competition and the Supreme Audit Office, on the court case analysis and media discourse and also on interviews with respondents from the Czech public administration, academia, non-profit sector, and investigative bodies.
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Pavlík, Tomáš. "Antikorupční aktivismus komerčního sektoru z hlediska teorie struktury politických příležitostí." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-329101.
Full textAbstract:
The diploma thesis "Anti-corruption activism of the commercial sector from the point of view of political opportunity structure theory" Abstract The diploma thesis "Anti-corruption activism of the commercial sector from the point of view of political opportunity structure theory" was devoted to the structure of political opportunities in 1998 to 2012 in relation to manifestations of corruption in the Czech Republic and the role of the commercial sector in terms of anti-corruption involvement. This thesis aimed to find out what is the structure of the opportunities, that participants of the commercial sector can be use in order to influence anti-corruption public politics. Two periods were found from the period of time which the thesis focuses on, during which more fundamental manifestations of the commercial sector occurred. The first period was linked to accession of the Czech Republic to the EU, when presentation of the commercial sector most frequently took place via special-interest associations and tools of Commercial ethics and the concept of CSR supported by activities of the European Union. Years of accession talks showed themselves to be an opportunity, above all for international companies operating in the Czech Republic with a dominance of use of political and institutional opportunities. The...
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Venter, Jan Willem Nicolaas. "The exploration of appraising internal controls to detect procurement fraud during the tender stage at mines." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22603.
Full textAbstract:
Text in EnglishProcurement fraud is an enormous problem and the South African news is perforated with reports of this illicit act. Procurement fraud occurs in all the phases of the procurement cycle, but this illicit act is mostly committed during the tender phase. Business does not see procurement fraud as a crime and therefor this crime is committed due to non-existent internal controls and processes to assess the adequacy of these controls. The purpose of the research was to highlight that procurement fraud occurs when internal controls are being bypassed or if an entity has an ineffective internal control system. The researcher studied the appraising of internal controls to understand the role it plays in detecting, preventing and investigating procurement fraud, specifically during the tender phase. The research design utilised was a qualitative research approach and an empirical design plan or strategy, to obtain the information. The researcher opted for this design to obtain information from literature and information from individuals in appraising internal controls. This ensured a comprehensive data gathering process. The goal of this research was to provide practical recommendations to assist investigators in private and public sectors with investigations into procurement fraud during a tender.
Police Practice
M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)