Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Processus nuageux'
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Perroux, Hélène. "Modélisation des processus bio-physico-chimiques du milieu nuageux : devenir de la matière organique." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC058/document.
Full textThe role of clouds on the atmospheric chemical composition is still poorly known. The chemical compounds under the form of particles and gases are efficiently transformed in the cloud by photochemical and microbiological processes. The thesis objectives were to analyze the efficiency of these processes in the transformations of the chemical compounds using the multiphase cloud chemistry model CLEPS (CLoud Explicit Physico-chemical schema). The first work consisted in studying the cloud oxidizing capacity based on comparisons between HO• radical production rates for irradiated cloud water sampled at the puy de Dôme station determined experimentally in the lab data and modeled with CLEPS. These comparisons showed that the model overestimates the contribution of the iron photolysis in the production of HO• radicals. This is due to the complexation of iron in cloud water samples that is not considered in the model due to the lack of data. The model also showed that the photolysis of hydrogen peroxide represents the major source of the HO• radicals in the aqueous phase. Secondly, the new protocol for cloud aqueous phase oxidation of organic compounds developed to build the CLEPS model was validated based on irradiation experiments of a target compound, the tartronic acid that were simulated by the model. The experimental work confirmed the formation of glyoxylic acid predicted by the aqueous phase mechanism in the model. It reproduces the temporal evolution of the concentrations of tartronic acid and of its first oxidation product, the glyoxylic acid but underestimates the formation of formic acid which is one of final products of the tartronic acid oxidation. Finally, the model was developed to take into account biodegradation rates measured in the laboratory. The model allows comparing the efficiency of the chemical and microbiological processes for the degradation of four chemical species and testing the effect of key environmental parameters (temperature, actinic flow). The biological activity was recognized as more effective in the summer case than in the winter case and the contribution of microorganisms the night is dominant for both scenarios. A sensitivity test demonstrated that the contribution of the microbial activity in the degradation of the chemical compounds is strongly increased in comparison with the photochemical reactivity when the iron is supposed to be totally complexed
Long, Yoann. "Modélisation des processus physico-chimiques nuageux : études de la réactivité de la matière organique." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00856269.
Full textPilon, Romain. "Transport et élimination des radionucléides naturels par les processus nuageux : Mécanismes et représentation dans un modèle de climat." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066151.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the distribution of radionuclides in the atmosphere and of its spatial and temporal variability. Randionuclides, studied in this thesis, are thus from the International Monitoring System of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization, particularly the two natural radionuclides 7Be et 210Pb which are frequently uses for atmospheric transport study. The main tool is the LMDz climate model. Thanks to the high/low tropospheric radionuclides sources, these tracers are useful for the evaluation of processes which affect its distribution. Tropics are the region where radionuclides surface concentrations are the worst simulated by the LMDz model. The disagreement between observations nd simulations underlines the need to a better representation of transport in convective systems et a better understanding of physical processes in the model. We developed a parametrization of transport of radionuclide and its removal by incloud condensation and by precipitation by convective clouds. The scheme follows closely the Emanuel moist convection scheme and has been developed in LMDz climate model. The analysis of the different processes affecting tracers distribution in the unicolum version of LMDz show how convective and large-scale processes combine their effects to move vertically tracers. Convective precipitating downdrafts move down 7Be at the surface, with the help of the evaporation of convective and large-scale precipitation, whereas large-scale condensation removes the radionuclide from the whole troposphere
Wang, Di. "What controls the 3D distribution of water vapor isotopic composition in East Asia?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS567.pdf.
Full textUnlike polar ice core records, the isotope variations in Tibetan ice cores challenge the interpretation of temperature signals. One of the main reasons is that in monsoon regions at low and middle latitudes, water isotopes are influenced by convective and cloud processes. A deeper understanding of water isotope behavior and the dynamical controls involved in moisture transpiration and convection is needed. Large-scale in-situ observations and vertical profiles of vapor isotopes during convection would be helpful. However, such data are rare. The aim of this thesis was to document horizontal, vertical, and temporal variations in the isotopic composition of water in East Asian monsoon region. First, to document the horizontal and seasonal variations of water isotopes near the surface across China, we made in-situ observations of near-surface vapor isotopes over a large region (over 10000 km) across China in both pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons, using a newly-designed vehicle-based vapor isotope monitoring system. We found that the observed spatial variations of vapor δ18O are mainly controlled by Rayleigh distillation along air mass trajectories during the pre-monsoon period, but are significantly influenced by different moisture sources, continental recycling processes, and convection along moisture transport during the monsoon period. These results provide an overview of the spatial distribution and seasonal variability of water isotopic composition in East Asia and their controlling factors and emphasize the need to interpret proxy records in the context of the regional system and moisture sources. Second, to better understand the physical processes that control the vertical distribution of vapor isotopes and its intra-seasonal and seasonal variability, we observed the vertical profiles of atmosphere vapor isotopes up to the upper troposphere (from the ground surface at 3856m up to 11000m a.s.l.) from June to October in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau using a specially-designed unmanned-aerial-vehicle (UAV) system. For the sampling, we chose to carry air bags on UAVs as a portable sampling device, but encountered the permeability problem commonly associated with these bags. To corrected for this problem, we developed a diffusion model with diffusion parameters calibrated through laboratory experiments. This allows us to document for the first time the vertical distribution of atmospheric water vapor isotopes across the entire monsoon period up to the upper troposphere, boasting an unprecedented vertical resolution and altitude range. We find that the vertical profiles of water vapor isotopic composition reflect a combination of large-scale processes, in particular deep convection and continental recycling along trajectories, and local convective processes, in particular convective detrainment, and sublimation of ice crystals. The observed seasonal and intra-seasonal variations are generally vertically coherent, due to the strong vertical convective mixing and local convective detrainment of vapor originating from the low levels, and are mainly due to deep convection along trajectories
Guibert, Sarah. "Validation expérimentale des paramétrisations de l'effet indirect des aérosols, via les strato-cumulus marins pour les modèles de climat." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30185.
Full textBurnet, Frédéric. "Validation des mesures aeroportees de la microphysique nuageuse et etude des processus d'entrainement-melange dans les nuages convectifs." Toulouse 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU30097.
Full textChen, Fei. "Etude numerique des processus d'electrisation d'un nuage chaud." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CLF21220.
Full textSellegri, Karine. "Etude du processus d'activation des gouttelettes de nuage : implications en chimie multiphases." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00708514.
Full textLallement, Audrey. "Impact des processus photochimiques et biologiques sur la composition chimique du nuage." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC066/document.
Full textIn the context of global warming, more precise knowledge of atmospheric processes is needed to evaluate their impact on the Earth radiative budget. Clouds can limit the increase of temperature but this retroaction is not well understood due to a lack of knowledge of cloud media (like organic fraction composition). From the beginning of atmospheric studies, only chemical, especially radical, reactions was taken into account. However microorganisms metabolically active were found in cloud water arising questions about their role as biocatalyst. They are able to use carboxylic acids as nutriments, to degrade radical precursor (like H2O2) and to survive oxidative stress. The aim of this work is to quantify the impact of photochemical and biological processes on cloud chemistry composition. First, the concentrations of •OH, the most reactive radical, were evaluated and the influence of microorganisms on the concentrations were studied. A new method was developed in artificial medial before direct quantification of steady state •OH concentration in atmospheric waters (rain and cloud waters). Concentrations ranged from 10-17 to 10-15 M and did not change in presence of microorganisms. These measures were lower than concentrations estimated by chemical atmospheric models. A possible explanation was an underestimation of the main sink of this radical (organic matter). To better characterize this fraction, simple aromatic compounds were identified in cloud waters, phenol was found in the 8 samples analyzed. To go further, we studied phenol degradation in detail. Enzyme transcripts involved in phenol degradation were present in cloud water samples showing in situ activity of native bacteria. 93% of tested cultural strains, isolated from cloud waters, were able to degrade phenol. To quantify the relative contribution of radical versus microbial processes allowing phenol degradation, we performed photo-biodegradation experiment with a model strain (Rhodococcus erythropolis PDD-23b-28). Our results showed that these two processes participated equally to phenol degradation, suggesting that microorganisms and radicals can be involved in atmospheric natural remediation
Bentounsi, Mohamed el Mehdi. "Les processus métiers en tant que services - BPaaS : sécurisation des données et des services." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB156/document.
Full textCloud computing has become one of the fastest growing segments of the IT industry. In such open distributed computing environments, security is of paramount concern. This thesis aims at developing protocols and techniques for private and reliable outsourcing of design and compute-intensive tasks on cloud computing infrastructures. The thesis enables clients with limited processing capabilities to use the dynamic, cost-effective and powerful cloud computing resources, while having guarantees that their confidential data and services, and the results of their computations, will not be compromised by untrusted cloud service providers. The thesis contributes to the general area of cloud computing security by working in three directions. First, the design by selection is a new capability that permits the design of business processes by reusing some fragments in the cloud. For this purpose, we propose an anonymization-based protocol to secure the design of business processes by hiding the provenance of reused fragments. Second, we study two di_erent cases of fragments' sharing : biometric authentication and complex event processing. For this purpose, we propose techniques where the client would only do work which is linear in the size of its inputs, and the cloud bears all of the super-linear computational burden. Moreover, the cloud computational burden would have the same time complexity as the best known solution to the problem being outsourced. This prevents achieving secure outsourcing by placing a huge additional overhead on the cloud servers. This thesis has been carried out in Université Paris Descartes (LIPADE - diNo research group) and in collaboration with SOMONE under a Cifre contract. The convergence of the research fields of those teams led to the development of this manuscrit
CHAUMAT, LAURE. "Etude experimentale des processus de condensation dans les nuages convectifs : elargissement des spectres et distribution spatiale des gouttelettes." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CLF21118.
Full textGuesmi, Asma. "Spécification et analyse formelles des politiques de sécurité dans un processus de courtage de l'informatique en nuage." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE2010/document.
Full textThe number of cloud offerings increases rapidly. Therefore, it is difficult for clients to select the adequate cloud providers which fit their needs. In this thesis, we introduce a cloud service brokerage mechanism that considers the client security requirements. We consider two types of the client requirements. The amount of resources is represented by the functional requirements. The non-functional requirements consist on security properties and placement constraints. The requirements and the offers are specified using the Alloy language. To eliminate inner conflicts within customers requirements, and to match the cloud providers offers with these customers requirements, we use a formal analysis tool: Alloy. The broker uses a matching algorithm to place the required resources in the adequate cloud providers, in a way that fulfills all customer requirements, including security properties. The broker checks that the placement configuration ensures all the security requirements. All these steps are done before the resources deployment in the cloud computing. This allows to detect the conflicts and errors in the clients requirements, thus resources vulnerabilities can be avoided after the deployment
Champeau, François. "Paramétrisation des processus physico-chimiques de formation des nuages et étude de leurs impacts sur l'évolution de la composition chimique atmosphérique." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00717866.
Full textRosinosky, Guillaume. "Élasticité de l’exécution des processus métier." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0003/document.
Full textThe availability of middleware platforms in the cloud, with "transparent" scalability, is a progress for software developers and integrators. They can develop and deploy their applications without worrying about technical details. However, the exploitation cost of a cloud infrastructure can quickly become important. Providers requires methods to reduce this cost by adapting the size of ressources to the needs of the customers. In this thesis, we focus on multi-tenant transactional web applications, more precisely on business processes execution engines. We propose methods allowing to optimize the operational costs of providers of business process execution "as a Service" (BPMaaS) while ensuring a sufficient level of quality of service. This type of application do not scale well because of its persistence tier and of the transactional nature of operations. One must distribute the customers installations in order to optimize the cost, and sometimes move them depending of the needs of the customers. These moves (or migrations) have an impact on the quality of service and they must be limited. First, we propose a method for measuring the size of resources in terms of BPM tasks throughput, and then a method for measuring the impact of migrations we evaluate, thus confirming our hypothesis. We also propose several linear optimization models and heuristics targeting resouce allocation and distribution of customers, while limiting the number of migrations. These models are based on the knowledge of the needs of customers per time slot. We have experimented our three methods on the BPM solution Bonita, and demonstrated that they provide substantial savings on the infrastructure exploitation compared to a basic method
Suhre, Karsten. "Modelisation couplee du transport et de la chimie du dimethyl de soufre dans la couche limite marine nuageuse : impact climatique et etude de processus." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30067.
Full textAmziani, Mourad. "Modeling, evaluation and provisioning of elastic service-based business processes in the cloud." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TELE0016/document.
Full textCloud computing is being increasingly used for deploying and executing business processes and particularly Service-based Business Processes (SBPs). Among other properties, Cloud environments provide elasticity at different scopes. The principle of elasticity is to ensure the provisioning of necessary and sufficient resources such that a Cloud service continues running smoothly even when the number or quantity of its utilization scales up or down, thereby avoiding under-utilization and over-utilization of resources. It is obvious that provisioning of elastic infrastructures and/or platforms is not sufficient to provide elasticity of deployed business processes. In fact, it is also necessary to consider the elasticity at the application scope. This allows the adaptation of deployed applications during their execution according to demands variation. Therefore, business processes should be provided with elasticity mechanisms allowing their adaptation to the workload changes while ensuring the desired functional and non-functional properties. In our work, we were interested in providing a holistic approach for modeling, evaluating and provisioning of elastic SBPs in the Cloud. We started by proposing a formal model for SBPs elasticity. To do this, we modeled SBPs using Petri nets and defined two elasticity operations (duplication / consolidation). In addition, we proposed to intertwine these elasticity operations with an elasticity controller that monitors SBPs execution, analyzes monitoring information and executes the appropriate elasticity operation (duplication/consolidation) in order to enforce the elasticity of SBPs. After facing the challenge of defining a model and mechanisms for SBPs elasticity, we were interested in the evaluation of elasticity before implementing it in real environments. To this end, we proposed to use our elasticity controller as a framework for the validation and evaluation of elasticity using verification and simulation techniques. Finally, we were interested in the provisioning of elasticity mechanisms for SBPs in real Cloud environments. For this aim, we proposed two approaches. The first approach packages non-elastic SBPs in micro-containers, extended with our elasticity mechanisms, before deploying them in Cloud infrastructures. The second approach integrates our elasticity controller in an autonomic infrastructure to dynamically add elasticity facilities to SBPs deployed on Cloud platforms
Berger, Alexandre. "Modélisation multi-échelles de la composition chimique des aérosols : impacts des processus physico-chimiques sur la formation d'aérosols organiques secondaires dans les nuages." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3060/.
Full textAtmospheric aerosols play a major role in environmental issues related to climate, air quality and human health. Organic aerosols (OA) are an important fraction of total particulate mass. However, formation mechanisms of OA are poorly understood. In particular, a current challenge remains the definition of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) from atmospheric oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOC) that will condense on or within existing aerosols to form secondary organic aerosols (SOA). Recent studies in laboratory have shown the contribution of oxygenated VOC (OVOC) in the formation of low volatile organic compounds in aqueous phase. However, these studies still incomplete and there is an urgent need for better understanding photochemistry in aqueous phase of polyfunctional species and to study the influence of the relevant parameters for the atmosphere (pH, initial concentrations, the presence of inorganic compounds) on SOA processes. Moreover, these pathways of SOA formation should be taken into account in atmospheric models. The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the potential SOA production during a cloud event observed at the puy-de-Dôme station with simulations performed using the Meso-NH model. The realism of these simulations for forming SOA depends on the integration, in the chemical gaseous phase scheme, of the relevant chemical species including VOC and their products. The ReLACS2 mechanism meets this requirement and takes into account both ozone precursors and formation of SOA. This latter mechanism is coupled with the ORILAM-SOA module that integrates gas/particle partitionning of inorganic and organic species, and nucleation, evaporation/condensation, activation and dynamic aerosol processes. Firstly, this coupling is tested on three real cases over Europe in contrasted standart meteorological conditions. An exercise of inter-comparison of Meso-NH and WRF/CHEM models and a comparison of these models with in-situ observations over Europe are performed. Secondly, a first work consists in including COVO, short and soluble (up to 4 carbons), and the associated aqueous phase reactivity, in the ReLACS2 mechanism, in order to consider SOA formation in aqueous phase. A new chemical mechanism, ReLACS3, is created. In parallel, a second work consists in including the part of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) into the chemistry of the water droplets for a complete coupling between the gas, aqueous and particulate phases. To test these developments, an 2D idealized simulation of an orographic cloud, observed during an intensive campaign at the puy-de-Dôme station which occured in summer 2011, is performed. This study highlighted the potential impact of the aqueous phase reactivity and activation of CCN on SOA formation
HICKS, ELIZABETH. "Etude des processus d'entrainement et de melange : leur role sur le developpement des precipitations dans les nuages chauds des latitudes temperees et tropicales." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990CLF2E421.
Full textYongsiriwit, Karn. "Modeling and mining business process variants in cloud environments." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLL002/document.
Full textMore and more organizations are adopting cloud-based Process-Aware Information Systems (PAIS) to manage and execute processes in the cloud as an environment to optimally share and deploy their applications. This is especially true for large organizations having branches operating in different regions with a considerable amount of similar processes. Such organizations need to support many variants of the same process due to their branches' local culture, regulations, etc. However, developing new process variant from scratch is error-prone and time consuming. Motivated by the "Design by Reuse" paradigm, branches may collaborate to develop new process variants by learning from their similar processes. These processes are often heterogeneous which prevents an easy and dynamic interoperability between different branches. A process variant is an adjustment of a process model in order to flexibly adapt to specific needs. Many researches in both academics and industry are aiming to facilitate the design of process variants. Several approaches have been developed to assist process designers by searching for similar business process models or using reference models. However, these approaches are cumbersome, time-consuming and error-prone. Likewise, such approaches recommend entire process models which are not handy for process designers who need to adjust a specific part of a process model. In fact, process designers can better develop process variants having an approach that recommends a well-selected set of activities from a process model, referred to as process fragment. Large organizations with multiple branches execute BP variants in the cloud as environment to optimally deploy and share common resources. However, these cloud resources may be described using different cloud resources description standards which prevent the interoperability between different branches. In this thesis, we address the above shortcomings by proposing an ontology-based approach to semantically populate a common knowledge base of processes and cloud resources and thus enable interoperability between organization's branches. We construct our knowledge base built by extending existing ontologies. We thereafter propose an approach to mine such knowledge base to assist the development of BP variants. Furthermore, we adopt a genetic algorithm to optimally allocate cloud resources to BPs. To validate our approach, we develop two proof of concepts and perform experiments on real datasets. Experimental results show that our approach is feasible and accurate in real use-cases
Bouazzouni, Mohamed Amine. "Processus sécurisés de dématérialisation de cartes sans contact." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/19488/1/BOUAZZOUNI_MohamedAmine.pdf.
Full textOuedraogo, Wendpanga Francis. "Gestionnaire contextualisé de sécurité pour des « Process 2.0 »." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0132/document.
Full textTo fit the competitive and globalized economic environment, companies and especially SMEs / SMIs are more and more involved in collaborative strategies, requiring organizational adaptation to fit this openness constraints and increase agility (i.e. the ability to adapt and fit the structural changes). While the Web 2.0 allows sharing data (images, knowledge, CV, micro-blogging, etc...) and while SOA aims at increasing service re-using rate and service interoperability, no process sharing strategies are developed. To overcome this limit, we propose to share processes as well to set a "process 2.0" framework allowing sharing activities. This will support an agile collaborative process enactment by searching and composing services depending on the required business organization and the service semantics. Coupled with the cloud computing deployment opportunity, this strategy will lead to couple more strongly Business, SaaS and PaaS levels. However, this challenges security constraints management in a dynamic environment. The development of security policies is usually based on a systematic risks analysis, reducing them by adopting appropriate countermeasures. These approaches are complex and as a consequence difficult to implement by end users. Moreover risks are assessed in a "closed" and static environment so that these methods do not fit the dynamic business services composition approach, as services can be composed and run in different business contexts (including the functionalities provided by each service, the organization (Who does what?), the coordination between these services and also the kind of data (strategic or no...) that are used and exchanged) and runtime environment (public vs private platform…). By analyzing these contextual information, we can define specific security constraints to each business service, specify the convenient security policies and implement appropriate countermeasures. In addition, it is also necessary to be able to propagate the security policies throughout the process to ensure consistency and overall security during the process execution. To address these issues, we propose to study the definition of security policies coupling Model Driven Security and Pattern based engineering approach to generate and deploy convenient security policies and protection means depending on the (may be untrusted) runtime environment. To this end, we propose a set of security patterns which meet the business and platform related security needs to set the security policies. The selection and the implementation of these security policies will be achieved thank to context-based patterns. Simple to understand by non-specialists, these patterns will be used by the model transformation process to generate these policies in a Model@Runtime strategy so that security services will be selected and orchestrated at runtime to provide a constant quality of protection (independent of the deployment)
Coutris, Pierre. "Analyse des propriétés dimensionnelles et massiques des cristaux de glace pour l’étude des processus microphysiques dans les systèmes convectifs à méso-échelle." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC007/document.
Full textThe detailed characterization of ice cloud microphysics is key to understand their role in theEarth’s hydrological cycle and radiation budget. The developement of atmospheric models and remote sensingalgorithms relies on parametrisations derived from in situ measurements. These measurements are also usedby the aviation industry to handle the problem of ice crystal icing. This PhD work presents an analysis of themass and size properties of ice crystals observed in high ice water content areas embedded in tropical mesoscaleconvective systems (MCS) during two airborne field campaigns of the HAIC-HIWC international project.A new approach is developped to derive mass-size relationships (m - D) from size distributions and icewater contents. The retrieval is formulated as an inverse problem which waives the power law constraint, aclassical assumption that proves to be an oversimplification when applied to heterogeneous populations of iceparticules typical of MCS anvils.The horizontal variability of size distributions and the aging of MCS anvils is described in terms of microphysicalprocesses. The importance of the aggregation growth process is emphasized as it efficiently removessmall ice particles brought into the upper troposphere by deep convection and significantly contributes to theformation of large agregates, precusor of the stratiform precipitations. The analysis of mass properties revealsthat distinctive microphysical regimes may be identified from the m-D relationship retrieved in various conditions.It paves the way toward a statistical model of the effective density of ice particles as a function of environmentalparameters
Ben, Halima Kchaou Rania. "Cost optimization of business processes based on time constraints on cloud resources." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAS014.
Full textMotivated by the need of "optimizing the deployment cost of business processes" organizations outsource some of their operations to cloud computing. Cloud providers offer competitive pricing strategies (e.g., on-demand, reserved, and spot) specified based on temporal constraints to accommodate users' changing and last-minute demands. Besides, the organizations' business processes are time constrained and any violation to these constraints could lead to serious consequences. Therefore, there is a need to formally verify that the cloud resource allocation in a business process is temporally correct. However, due to the lack of a formal definition of cloud pricing strategies, specified in natural language, the temporal correctness of cloud resource allocation in a business process management context can not be verified. Furthermore, the variety of cloud resources, pricing strategies, and activities requirements do not help the business process designer to easily find the optimal business process's deployment cost. In this thesis, our objectives are to: (i) improve the business processes support of temporal constraints on activities and cloud resources, as well as pricing strategies and (ii) minimize the business process deployment cost. To this end, we propose a formal specification for cloud resources, pricing strategies, and activities' temporal constraints. This specification is used to formally verify the temporal correctness of cloud resource allocation in time-aware business processes. Then, we propose two linear program models, binary linear program and mixed integer program, to find the optimal deployment cost of time-aware business processes in cloud resources
Hadded, Leila. "Optimization of autonomic resources for the management of service-based business processes in the Cloud." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLL006/document.
Full textCloud Computing is a new paradigm that provides computing resources as a service over the internet in a pay-per-use model. It is increasingly used for hosting and executing business processes in general and service-based business processes (SBPs) in particular. Cloud environments are usually highly dynamic. Hence, executing these SBPs requires autonomic management to cope with the changes of cloud environments implies the usage of a number of controlling devices, referred to as Autonomic Managers (AMs). However, existing solutions are limited to use either a centralized AM or an AM per service for managing a whole SBP. It is obvious that the latter solution is resource consuming and may lead to conflicting management decisions, while the former one may lead to management bottlenecks. An important problem in this context, deals with finding the optimal number of AMs for the management of an SBP, minimizing costs in terms of number of AMs while at the same time avoiding management bottlenecks and ensuring good management performance. Moreover, due to the heterogeneity of cloud resources and the diversity of the required quality of service (QoS) of SBPs, the allocation of cloud resources to these AMs may result in high computing costs and an increase in the communication overheads and/or lower QoS. It is also crucial to find an optimal allocation of cloud resources to the AMs, minimizing costs while at the same time maintaining the QoS requirements. To address these challenges, in this work, we propose a deterministic optimization model for each problem. Furthermore, due to the amount of time needed to solve these problems that grows exponentially with the size of the problem, we propose near-optimal algorithms that provide good solutions in reasonable time
Desboeufs, Karine. "Processus de dissolution des aérosols atmosphériques au sein des gouttes d'eau nuageuses." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005175.
Full textAhmed, Nacer Amina. "Contributions au déploiement sécurisé de processus métiers dans le cloud." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0013/document.
Full textThe fast evolution and development of technologies lead companies to grow faster in order to remain competitive and to offer services which are at the cutting edge of technology, meeting today’s market needs. Indeed, companies that are subject to frequent changes require a high level of flexibility and agility. Business Process Management (BPM) allows them to better manage their processes. Moreover, the emergence of Cloud Computing and all its advantages (flexibility and sharing, optimized cost, guaranteed accessibility... etc) make it particularly attractive. Thus, the combination of these two concepts allows companies to refloat their capital. However, the use of the cloud also implies new requirements in term of security, which stem from its shared environment, and which slow down its widespread adoption. The objective of this thesis consists in proposing concepts and tools that help and guide companies to deploy safely their processes in a cloud environment. A first contribution is an obfuscation algorithm that automates the decomposition and deployment of processes without any human intervention, based on the nature of the fragments. This algorithm limits the rate of information on each cloud through a set of separation constraints, which allow to deploy fragments considered as sensitive on different clouds. The second contribution of this thesis consists in complicating the structure of the process in order to limit the risk of clouds coalition. This is done through the introduction of fake fragments at certain strategic points in the process. The goal is to make generated collaborations more resistant to attacks, and thus reducing the likelihood of coalition. Even if obfuscation and complexification operations protect companies’ know-how during a cloud deployment, a risk remains. In this context, this thesis also proposes a risk model for evaluating and quantifying the security risks to which the process remain exposed after deployment. The purpose of this model is to combine security information with other dimensions of quality of service such as cost, for the selection of optimized configurations. The proposed approaches are implemented and tested through different process configurations. Their validity is verified through a set of metrics, whose objective is to measure the complexity of the processes as well as the remaining risk level after obfuscation
Hachicha, Belghith Emna. "Supporting cloud resource allocation in configurable business process models." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLL007/document.
Full textOrganizations are recently more and more adopting Process-Aware Information Systems (PAIS) for managing their service-based processes using process models referred to as business process models. Motivated by adapting to the rapid changing business requirements and reducing maintenance costs, organizations are outsourcing their processes in an important infrastructure which is Cloud Computing. According to the NIST Institute, Cloud Computing is a model that enables providers sharing their computing resources (e.g., networks, applications, and storage) and users accessing them in convenient and on-demand way with a minimal management effort. In such a multi-tenant environment, using configurable process models allows a Cloud process provider to deliver a customizable process that can be configured by different tenants according to their needs.A business process could be specified from various perspectives such as the control-flow perspective, the organizational perspective, the resource perspective, etc. Several approaches have been correctly proposed at the level of the first perspectives, in particular the control-flow, i.e., the temporal ordering of the process activities. Nevertheless, the resource perspective, which is of equal importance, has been neglected and poorly operated. The management of the resource perspective especially the Cloud resource allocation in business processes is a current interesting topic that increasingly involves many researches in both academics and industry. The design and configuration of resources are undoubtedly sensitive and labor-intensive task. On the one hand, the resource perspective in process models is not explicitly defined. Although many proposals exist in the literature, they all targeted human resources rather than Cloud resources. On the other hand, despite of the fact that the concept of configurable process models is highly complementary to Cloud Computing, the way in how resources can be configured and integrated is hardly handled. The few proposals, which have been suggested on extending configuration to resources, do not cover required Cloud properties such as elasticity or multi-tenancy.To address these limitations, we propose an approach for supporting the design and configuration of Cloud resource Allocation in configurable business process models. We target to (1) define a unified and formal description for the resource perspective, (2) ensure a correct, free-of-conflict and optimized use of Cloud resource consumption, (3) assist process providers to design their configurable resource allocation in a fine-grained way to avoid complex and large results, and (4) optimize the selection of Cloud resources with respect to the requirements related to Cloud properties (elasticity and shareability) and QoS properties.To do so, we first suggest a semantic framework for a semantically-enriched resource description in business processes aiming at formalizing the consumed Cloud resources using a shared knowledge base. Then, we build upon social business processes to provide strategies in order to ensure a controlled resource allocation without conflicts in terms of resources. Next, we propose a novel approach that extends configurable process models to permit a configurable Cloud resource allocation. Our purpose is to shift the Cloud resource allocation from the tenant side to the Cloud process provider side for a centralized resource management. Afterwards, we propose genetic-based approaches that aim at selecting optimal resource configuration in an energy efficient manner and to improve non-functional properties.In order to show the effectiveness of our proposals, we concretely developed (i) a set of proof of concepts, as a validation part, to assist the design of process models and populate a knowledge base of heterogeneous process models with Cloud resources, and (ii) performed experiments on real process models from large datasets
Wærsted, Eivind. "Description of physical processes driving the life cycle of radiation fog and fog–stratus transitions based on conceptual models." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX053/document.
Full textFog causes hazards to human activity due to the reduction of visibility, especially through the risk of traffic accidents. Improving the forecasts of fog formation and dissipation is therefore an objective for research. This thesis analyses the life cycle of continental fog events occurring in the Paris area, using several ground-based remote sensing instruments deployed at the SIRTA atmospheric observatory. We focus on understanding the dissipation after sunrise and the local processes involved, assuming the fog layer is adiabatic (well-mixed). Over a 4-year period, more than 100 fog events are documented by observing cloud base (ceilometer), cloud top and clouds appearing above the fog (cloud radar), and the liquid water path (LWP) (microwave radiometer (MWR)). Most fog events dissipate by lifting of the base without a complete evaporation of the cloud, and often even without a reduction in LWP. This indicates that not only a reduction in LWP is important for fog dissipation, but also the evolution of the fog top, which together with the LWP determines whether the cloud extends down to the ground. Using the LES model DALES, we find a strong sensitivity of the vertical development of the fog top to the stratification above. By enhancing entrainment, a weak stratification at fog top can lead to earlier fog dissipation by (1) more depletion of LWP by entraining unsaturated air, especially if the air is dry, and (2) vertical development of the fog top leading to lifting of the fog base. The variability of this stratification can be observed reasonably well with the MWR temperature profile. In several cases of dissipation by lifting, the vertical profile of radar reflectivity in the fog has a max value near fog top prior to dissipation, which suggests a lack of bigger droplets in the lower levels of the fog. By observing the cloud top development, the stratification, the LWP and the profile of reflectivity, the radar and MWR provide information that has potential for anticipating fog dissipation by lifting.Radiative processes are studied using the comprehensive radiative transfer code ARTDECO. The radiative cooling at fog top can produce 40–70 g m-2 h-1 of LWP when the fog is opaque (LWP >= 30 g m-2) (production is lower for thin fog) and there are no clouds above. This cooling thus is the main process of LWP production and can renew the fog LWP in 0.5–2 h. Its variability is mainly explained by the fog temperature and the humidity profile above. Clouds above the fog will strongly reduce this production, especially low clouds: a cloud with optical depth 4 can reduce it by 30 (100) % at 10 (2) km. Loss of LWP by absorption of solar radiation by the fog is 5–15 g m-2 h-1 around midday in winter, depending on cloud thickness, but it can be enhanced by 100 % in case of important amounts of absorbing aerosols (dry AOD=0.15, SSA=0.82).Heating due to solar radiation absorbed at the surface is found to be the dominating process of LWP loss after sunrise (according to LES model simulations), but its magnitude is sensitive to the Bowen ratio. However, observations of the turbulent heat fluxes during fog are not precise enough to quantify the Bowen ratio. The importance of the Bowen ratio means that improvements of its measurement during fog should be a priority.A conceptual model which calculates the LWP budget of fog directly from observations is developed. Using 12 observed parameters and 2 from reanalysis data, it calculates the impact on LWP of terrestrial and solar radiation, surface heat fluxes, entrainment, subsidence and deposition. It is applied to 45 observed fog events dissipating after sunrise. An important variability in radiation, entrainment and subsidence between the cases is found, which can partly explain the different dissipation times. While the terms of radiation are rather robust, several other terms suffer from significant uncertainties, leaving room for improvements in the future
Chevance, Mélanie. "Physical processes in the interstellar medium of the Magellanic Clouds." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC242/document.
Full textThe interstellar medium (ISM) plays a major role in galaxy evolution. Feedback from stars, in particular, drives several processes responsible for the global properties of a galaxy. However, the efficiency of these processes is related to the properties and structure of the different gas and dust ISM phases and remains uncertain. Due to the increased sensitivity and resolution of the new far-infrared (FIR) and submillimeter facilities (such as the Herschel Space Observatory, SOFIA and ALMA, in particular), it now becomes possible to study in detail the interplay between star formation and the surrounding ISM phases. This work focuses on the physical properties of the gas in the Magellanic Clouds. The Large Magellanic Cloud and the Small Magellanic Cloud, our closest neighbors, both at subsolar metallicity, are good laboratories to study the interaction between star formation and environment.The 30 Doradus region, in the Large Magellanic Cloud, one of the most massive and active star forming region known in our neighborhood, is first studied in detail. We use the FIR and mid-infrared tracers, provided by the space telescopes Herschel and Spitzer, to bring constrains on the pressure, radiation field and 3D structure of the photo-dissociation regions (PDR) in this extreme region, using the Meudon PDR code. This modeling allows us to estimate the fraction of molecular gas not traced by CO, also known as the "CO-dark" molecular gas.We apply this method to other star forming regions of the Magellanic Clouds, which are characterized by different environmental conditions. This study allows us to evaluate key diagnostics of the gas heating and cooling of low metallicity resolved starburst regions. This is a first step toward understanding similar but unresolved regions, in high-redshift galaxies
Ben, Jrad Aicha. "Description and evaluation of elasticity strategies for business processes in the Cloud." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLL012/document.
Full textElasticity is the ability of a system to be adjustable to workload change by allocating and releasing as many resources as needed while ensuring the agreed QoS. It has played a pivotal role in many research works for ensuring QoS. Therefore, Elasticity management is witnessing a lot of attention from IT community as a pivotal issue for finding the right tradeoffs between QoS levels and operational costs by working on developing novel methods and mechanisms. However, controlling business process elasticity and defining non-trivial elasticity strategies are challenging issues. Elasticity strategies are policies that are used to manage elasticity by deciding when, where and how to use elasticity mechanisms (e.g, adding or removing resources). Many strategies can be defined to ensure applications elasticity. The abundance of possible strategies requires their evaluation and validation in order to guarantee their effectiveness before using them in real Cloud environments. Our thesis work aims to overcome the limitations of the existing approaches for elasticity strategies management. It consists in developing a configurable Domain-Specific language to describe different types of elasticity strategies in a unified way. We define a formal model that captures a set of QoS metrics and defines elasticity operations. This model will also be used to define and verify elasticity strategies. We will also work on the alignment of Service Level Agreements with the elasticity strategies
Belghait, Fodil. "Exploration de la migration de la base de données relationnelle du système de gestion de processus d'affaires Oryx vers la base de données NO-SQL utilisée par la plateforme de l'informatique de nuage de Hadoop." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2012. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/974/1/BELGHAIT_Fodil.pdf.
Full textGoettelmann, Elio. "Risk-aware Business Process Modelling and Trusted Deployment in the Cloud." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0144/document.
Full textNowadays service ecosystems rely on dynamic software service chains that span over multiple organisations and providers. They provide an agile support for business applications, governments of end-users. This trend is reinforced by the Cloud based economy that allows sharing of costs and resources. However, the lack of trust in such cloud environments, that involve higher security requirements, is often seen as a braking force to the development of such services. The objective of this thesis is to study the concepts of service orchestration and trust in the context of the Cloud. It proposes an approach which supports a trust model in order to allow the orchestration of trusted business process components on the cloud. The contribution is threefold and consists in a method, a model and a framework. The method categorizes techniques to transform an existing business process into a risk-aware process model that takes into account security risks related to cloud environments. The model formalizes the relations and the responsibilities between the different actors of the cloud. This allows to identify the different information required to assess and quantify security risks in cloud environments. The framework is a comprehensive approach that decomposes a business process into fragments that can automatically be deployed on multiple clouds. The framework also integrates a selection algorithm that combines security information with other quality of service criteria to generate an optimized configuration. Finally, the work is implemented in order to validate the approach. The framework is implemented in a tool. The security assessment model is also applied over an access control model. The last part presents the results of the implementation of our work on a real world use case
Boubaker, Souha. "Formal verification of business process configuration in the Cloud." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLL002/document.
Full textMotivated by the need for the “Design by Reuse”, Configurable process models are proposed to represent in a generic manner similar process models. They need to be configured according to an organization needs by selecting design options. As the configurable process models may be large and complex, their configuration with no assistance is undoubtedly a difficult, time-consuming and error-prone task.Moreover, organizations are increasingly adopting cloud environments for deploying and executing their processes to benefit from dynamically scalable resources on demand. Nevertheless, due to the lack of an explicit and formal description of the resource perspective in the existing business processes, the correctness of Cloud resources management cannot be verified.In this thesis, we target to (i) provide guidance and assistance to the analysts in process model configuration with correct options, and to (ii) improve the support of Cloud resource specification and verification in business processes. To do so, we propose a formal approach for assisting the configuration step-by-step with respect to structural and business domain constraints. We thereafter propose a behavioral approach for configuration verification while reducing the well-known state space explosion problem. This work allows to extract configuration choices that satisfy the deadlock-freeness property at one time. Finally, we propose a formal specification for Cloud resource allocation behavior in business process models. This specification is used to formally validate and check the consistency of the Cloud resource allocation in process models according to user requirements and resource capabilities
Politaki, Dimitra. "Vers la modélisation de clusters de centres de données vertes." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4116.
Full textData center clusters energy consumption is rapidly increasing making them the fastest-growing consumers of electricity worldwide. Renewable electricity sources and especially solar energy as a clean and abundant energy can be used, in many locations, to cover their electricity needs and make them "green" namely fed by photovoltaics. This potential can be explored by predicting solar irradiance and assessing the capacity provision for data center clusters. In this thesis we develop stochastic models for solar energy; one at the surface of the Earth and a second one which models the photovoltaic output current. We then compare them to the state of the art on-off model and validate them against real data. We conclude that the solar irradiance model can better capture the multiscales correlations and is suitable for small scale cases. We then propose a new job life-cycle of a complex and real cluster system and a model for data center clusters that supports batch job submissions and cons iders both impatient and persistent customer behavior. To understand the essential computer cluster characteristics, we analyze in detail two different workload type traces; the first one is the published complex Google trace and the second, simpler one, which serves scientific purposes, is from the Nef cluster located at the research center Inria Sophia Antipolis. We then implement the marmoteCore-Q, a tool for the simulation of a family of queueing models based on our multi-server model for data center clusters with abandonments and resubmissions
Wu, Junteng. "Theoretical and experimental studies on the hygroscopic properties of soot particles sampled from a kerosene diffusion flame : impact of the aging processes by O3 and SO2." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R035.
Full textFreshly emitted soot particles from combustion processes are hydrophobic. However, the aging process in the atmosphere can modify their size, morphology and surface chemistry and turn them into efficient cloud condensation (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN) that significantly contribute to the indirect radiative forcing of climate. For spherical and monodisperse aerosols, k-Köhler theory is often used in the literature to quantify the hygroscopic properties of aerosols. In this work, a combined theoretical and experimental approach is proposed to add to the theory the contributions of the particle size distribution and morphology. Hygroscopic properties of the particles are derived by measuring their activated fraction as a function of the water supersaturation using a CCN counter. The model developed in this work is first tested on dry ammonium sulfate particles (quasi spherical and non aggregating). Then, it is applied to soot particles that are complex aggregates of primary particles. Soot particles are generated from a laboratory diffusion jet flame supplied with kerosene, and aged with ozone and sulfur dioxide in controlled conditions of temperature, pressure and relative humidity to simulate their permanence in the atmosphere. The electrical mobility, morphology and chemical composition of fresh and aged soot are measured by scanning mobility particle sizing, electron microscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry, respectively, before and after the aging and related to the activation process. From the comparison of the experimental activation curves and the model, the values of the hygroscopicity parameter k could be determined for a large variety of operating conditions
Quintuna, Rodriguez Verónica Karina. "Nouvelle commande réseau / IT : Performance des fonctions virtualisées pour une infrastructure programmable." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS099.
Full textIn the framework of Network Function Virtualization (NFV), we address in this work the performance analysis of virtualized network functions (VNFs) in terms of latency, which considers the total amount of time that is required to process VNFs in cloud computing systems. The driving use-case of this study is the virtualization of the radio access network (namely, Cloud-RAN). We notably investigate the relevance of resource pooling and statistical multiplexing when available cores in a data center are shared by all active VNFs. We perform VNF modeling by means of stochastic service systems. Proposed queuing models reveal the behavior of high performance computing architectures based on parallel processing and enable us to dimension the required computing capacity in data centers. As a proof of concept, we implement an OAI-based end-to-end virtualized mobile network, which notably confirms the accuracy of theoretical models. Performance results reveal important gains in terms of latency. This fact enables in particular a higher concentration level of VNFs in data centers, thus achieving CAPEX and OPEX reduction, and moreover, it opens the door to the cloudification of critical network functions
Simjanovski, Dragan. "Évaluation des processus radiatifs et des nuages par le modèle GEM-LAM pour l'année SHEBA en Arctique." Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2934/1/M11391.pdf.
Full textLiu, Dongqing. "Mobile data and computation offloading in mobile cloud computing." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22660.
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