Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Processus éolien'
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Rioual, François. "Etude de quelques aspects du transport éolien : processus de saltation et formation des rides." Phd thesis, Rennes 1, 2002. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00199032.
Full textPedreros, Rodrigo. "Quantification et modélisation du transport éolien au niveau des zones côtières : application au littoral girondin." Bordeaux 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR10619.
Full textLamy, Antoine. "Processus éolien et son transport sédimentaire associé en condition de vent de terre sur le système dune-plage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Perpignan, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PERP0015.
Full textThis Research aims to characterize the aeolian processes on a beach-dune system under prevailing offshore winds. To achieve this, the site of Leucate-Plage has been chosen due to the Tramontane, an offshore wind blowing more than 70 % of thetime. This field site is composed of a small foredune on a microtidal area sometimes hit by intense marine storms. These characteristics make this site one of the representative coastal areas present on the Gulf of Lion. This research demonstrates, using observations and modelisations, that a small dune can nonetheless have significant effects on aeolian dynamics. This work highlights an area of wind separation and recirculation in the leeward region of the dune during perpendicular wind. However, this does not cause transport towards the dune foot because, regardless of the incident wind speeds, the threshold shear velocity for grain movement is never reached in this recirculation zone. the dune at Leucate-Plage is human-made, this cause longitudinal variations in its morphology due to different construction methods. These variations create variable disturbances in wind flow and aeolian transport. In some cases, with gentler dune slopes, the wind is not separated but only deflected and much less attenuated when passing over the dune, allowing sediment transport in the lee side. In all cases, the wind is accelerated approaching the dune crest, especially when the wind is perpendicular, reaching up to twice the speed of the incident wind. Aeolian sand transport depends on many control factors, this work focused on the beach grain size and histemporal variability, often neglected in studies. The results show that this parameter can have significant consequences on the observed and calculated transport rates. In an environment with wide variations in grain size over time, annual transport rates can differ by more than 75 times from those observed depending on the grain size applied to the transport formula. In the case of offshore winds, the distribution of wind speeds and aeolian sand transport fluxes is unequal across the beach profile, with an increase observed moving away from the dune. Thus, transport rates can easily exceed 100 kg/m/h at the berm. The consequence of this seaward aeolian transport can cause significant erosion of the beach, depending on wind speeds and beach's grain size state. This erosion can reach values greater than 50 cm on the berm and 20 cm on the beach in a few hours. This thesis highlights the impact of offshore winds on a microtidal beach and the influence of an artificial dune and its construction methods, on wind flow and aeolian sediment transport. It also warns about using an appropriate grain size for calculating aeolian transport rates in a heterogeneous and variable grain size environment
Ould, Ahmedou Dah. "Formation et migration des dunes de sable : : Etudes expérimentales des processus d'érosion, d'avalanches et du transport éolien." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S034.
Full textVanhée, Stéphane. "Processus de transport éolien à l'interface plage macrotidale-dune bordière : le cas des plages à barres intertidales, Côte d'Opale, nord de la France." Littoral, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DUNK0093.
Full textSeveral experiments aimed at elucidating the effects of ridge and runnel morphology on aeolian transport were carried out on macrotidal beaches on the Opal Coast. The results show that in spite of a potentially large wind fetch with onshore winds given the width of these beaches, the effective fetch is generally limited to the upper beach terrace and to the first ridge on the upper beach, and is especially segmented by the runnels which may act as efficient sand traps. The results also highlight highly variable trapping rates. The rates were commonly weak and this could be a limiting factor in terms of beach-dune sand transfers, especially in view of the fact that the dominant winds on the North Sea sites are essentially obliquely offshore. The short term topographic surveys and digital elevation models have highlighted the efficiency of dune management and rehabilitation schemes. Differential contour maps generated by these surveys bring out the stages of foredune accretion
Beladjine, Djaoued. "Étude expérimentale du processus de collision d'une bille sur un empilement granulaire : application au mécanisme de saltation dans le transport éolien." Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1S036.
Full textSand grains transported by the desert wind move in successive jumps on a granular bed. During the impact, they can eject other grains. To study this process, we collided a single bead on a packing of identical grains. We reported the experiment for a broad range of incident speeds and impact angles. The results show that, although the incident bead dissipates less energy for grazing impacts, the number of ejected grains is smaller in this case. The mean values of the ejection speed and ejection angle are, to first order, insensitive to the kinematics characteristics of the incident bead. In addition, the total kinetic energy of ejected beads is directly proportional to the fraction of incident energy given
Jaafar, A. "Traitement de la mission et des variables environnementales et intégration au processus de conception systémique." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00646708.
Full textJaafar, Amine. "Traitement de la mission et des variables environnementales et intégration au processus de conception systémique." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0070/document.
Full textThis work presents a methodological approach aiming at analyzing and processing mission profiles and more generally environmental variables (e.g. solar or wind energy potential, temperature, boundary conditions) in the context of system design. This process constitutes a key issue in order to ensure system effectiveness with regards to design constraints and objectives. In this thesis, we pay a particular attention on the use of compact profiles for environmental variables in the frame of system level integrated optimal design, which requires a wide number of system simulations. In a first part, we propose a clustering approach based on partition criteria with the aim of analyzing mission profiles. This phase can help designers to identify different system configurations in compliance with the corresponding clusters: it may guide suppliers towards “market segmentation” not only fulfilling economic constraints but also technical design objectives. The second stage of the study proposes a synthesis process of a compact profile which represents the corresponding data of the studied environmental variable. This compact profile is generated by combining parameters and number of elementary patterns (segment, sine or cardinal sine) with regards to design indicators. These latter are established with respect to the main objectives and constraints associated to the designed system. All pattern parameters are obtained by solving the corresponding inverse problem with evolutionary algorithms. Finally, this synthesis process is applied to two different case studies. The first consists in the simplification of wind data issued from measurements in two geographic sites of Guadeloupe and Tunisia. The second case deals with the reduction of a set of railway mission profiles relative to a hybrid locomotive devoted to shunting and switching missions. It is shown from those examples that our approach leads to a wide reduction of the profiles associated with environmental variables which allows a significant decrease of the computational time in the context of an integrated optimal design process
Bretel, Patrice. "Processus éoliens et morphodynamique dunaire sur les côtes bas-normandes (France)." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN2012.
Full textBezerra, Rufino Ferreira Paiva Eduardo. "Wind Velocity Estimation for Wind Farms." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPSLM046.
Full textThis thesis designs algorithms to estimate the wind speed and direction for wind turbines and wind farms.First, we propose data-based methods to estimate the Rotor Effective Wind Speed (REWS) for a single turbine without prior knowledge of certain physical parameters of the turbine that might be unknown to an operator.We provide two data-based methods, based respectively on Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) and on an combination of GPR with high-gain observers.Second, grounding on this REWS estimation at the local level of one turbine, we address the question of estimating the free-flow wind at the level of a wind farm.We start by focusing on wind speed estimation, for a given known wind direction. For a wind farm with a simple geometry, we prove that a local speed measurement disturbed by the presence of the turbines can be used to estimate the free-flow wind speed. We ground our estimation methodology on a simplified wake model, which consists of first-order hyperbolic partial differential equations, the transport speed of which is the free-flow wind speed. We propose to use an analytical solution of these equations, involving transport delays, to perform an estimate of the local measurement and to update the free-flow wind speed estimate. We formally prove the convergence of this estimate and numerically illustrate the efficiency of this method.Finally, we move to a more general setup where both the free-flow wind speed and direction are unknown. We propose to use a two-dimensional wake model and to rely on an optimization-based method. This identification problem reveals to be particularly challenging due to the appearance of transport delays, but we illustrate how to circumvent this issue by considering an average value of the free flow wind speed history. Simulation results obtained with the simulator FAST.Farm illustrate the interest of the proposed method
Ferreira, Maria Clara Schuwartz. "Influence de particules non-érodables dans le processus d'érosion éolienne." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S012/document.
Full textWind erosion process can lead to several environmental consequences: desertification, land degradation, air pollution, etc. This last one is related to particulate matter emissions from granular materials commonly found on industrial sites, such as ore and coal. The particle size distribution of these granular materials usually consist of a mixture of a wide range of diameters, which include larger particles that are non-erodible even with strong gusts of wind. The non-erodible particles play a protective role for erodible particles, paving the surface and reducing emissions. The main objective of this thesis is to estimate more accurately emissions due to wind erosion considering the influence of the pavement caused by non-erodible particles. An analytical model was proposed to quantify emissions from particle beds and stockpiles with a wide size distribution. The effects of pavement process are incorporated in the model through the decrease of the mean friction velocity on the erodible surface as the non-erodible particles accumulate. Previous works have defined a mathematical relation between the evolution of the friction velocity over the erodible surface and the geometry of the roughness elements. Nonetheless, the formulation was only valid to limited cover rates of non-erodible particles. Numerical simulations were carried out in this work to extend the formulation in order to include other cases encountered in real situations (with larger amounts of non-erodible particles). The proposed emission model describes the relationship between the minimum value of friction velocity (at which emissions cease), taking advantage of the numerical findings, and the final eroded depth of the bed, which in turn, provides the emitted mass. Wind tunnel experiments were carried out in order to better understand the pavement phenomenon and estimate emissions from a bed of particles containing a bimodal size distribution. The experimental results were also used to validate the modeling, including the global emitted mass and the final characteristics of the bed surface. A good agreement was found between experimental and modeled results for the global emissions and the bed eroded depth. The erosion model was extended for application in stockpiles. In this case, the erodibility of the particles is more complex as the friction velocity and the threshold conditions are not spatially homogeneous. The idea of the model was to subdivide the pile in isosurfaces in which the threshold conditions and the friction velocity are constant and then treat each one of these areas as a different source where the emission model can be applied. Wind tunnel experiments were carried out in order to estimate emissions from a sand pile containing a bimodal size distribution. The modeled and the experimental results were compared for the configuration of an isolated stockpile and a good agreement was found between the estimated and the measured emitted mass. The impact of the presence of a building and a successive parallel stockpiles on the overall particles emission was also evaluated. Wind tunnel experiments and numerical simulations were carried out for several configurations evaluating the effects of: (i) main wind flow orientation, (ii) wind flow velocity, (iii) gap between the obstacle and (iv) amount of non-erodible particles. It was found that the flow interferences between the obstacles increase emissions. Therefore, all wind perturbations have a significant impact and have to be accounted in dust emission estimation and modeling
O processo de erosão eólica pode levar a várias consequências ambientais: desertificação, degradação da terra, poluição do ar, etc. Esta última está relacionada com as emissões de partículas provenientes de materiais granulares comumente encontrados em indústrias, como minério e carvão. A distribuição granulométrica destes materiais normalmente consiste em uma mistura com uma ampla gama de tamanhos, incluindo partículas maiores que não são erodíveis mesmo com fortes rajadas de vento. As partículas não erodíveis desempenham um papel protetor para as partículas erodíveis, pavimentando a superfície e reduzindo as emissões. O objetivo principal desta tese é estimar com maior acurácia as emissões devidas à erosão eólica considerando a influência da pavimentação causada pelas partículas não-erodíveis. Um modelo analítico foi proposto para quantificar as emissões de leitos de partículas e pilhas com ampla distribuição granulométrica. Os efeitos do processo da pavimentação são incorporados no modelo por meio da diminuição da velocidade de fricção média na superfície erodível à medida que as partículas nãoerodíveis se acumulam. Trabalhos anteriores definiram uma relação matemática entre a evolução da velocidade de fricção na superfície erodível e a geometria dos elementos rugosos. No entanto, a formulação é válida apenas para limitadas taxas de cobertura de partículas não-erodíveis (< 12%). Simulações numéricas foram realizadas neste trabalho para estender a formulação de modo a incluir outros casos encontrados em situações reais (com maiores quantidades de partículas nãoerodíveis). O modelo de emissão proposto descreve a relação entre o valor mínimo da velocidade de fricção (para qual as emissões cessam), utilizando os resultados numéricos, e a profundidade final erodida do leito, que, por sua vez, fornece a massa emitida. Experimentos em túnel de vento foram realizados para melhor compreender o fenômeno da pavimentação e estimar as emissões de um leito de partículas contendo uma distribuição granulométrica bimodal. Os resultados experimentais foram também utilizados para validar a modelagem, incluindo a massa global emitida e as características finais da superfície do leito. Uma boa concordância foi encontrada entre os resultados experimentais e modelados para as emissões globais e a profundidade erodida do leito. O modelo de erosão foi estendido para aplicação em pilhas de estocagem. Neste caso, a erodibilidade das partículas é mais complexa, uma vez que a velocidade de fricção e as condições de limiar não são espacialmente homogêneas. A ideia do modelo é subdividir a pilha em isosuperfícies em que as condições de limiar e a velocidade de fricção são constantes e, em seguida, tratar cada uma dessas áreas como uma fonte diferente onde o modelo de emissão pode ser aplicado. Foram realizados ensaios experimentais em túnel de vento para estimar as emissões de uma pilha de areia contendo uma distribuição de tamanho bimodal. Os resultados experimentais e modelados foram comparados para a configuração de uma pilha isolada (orientada 60 e 90° em relação a direção do escoamento) e uma boa concordância foi encontrada entre a massa estimada e a emitida. O impacto na emissão da presença de um edifício e de uma pilha de estocagem sucessiva também foi avaliado. Experimentos em túnel de vento e simulações numéricas foram realizados para várias configurações avaliando os efeitos de: (i) orientação do vento, (ii) velocidade do vento, (iii) espaçamento entre os obstáculos e (iv) quantidade de partículas não erodíveis. Verificou-se que as interferências do escoamento entre os obstáculos aumentam as emissões. Portanto, todas as perturbações no escoamento têm um impacto significativo e devem ser contabilizadas na estimativa e modelagem de emissões de partículas
Remini, Boualem. "Méga-obstacles et dépressions topographiques, leur influence sur la dynamique éolienne, les ergs et l'ensablement des espaces oasiens." Reims, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REIML001.
Full textExperiments of laboratory on an isolated obstacle palced in the fluid current reveal the appearance of a wake area dowstream. On synoptic scale, according to satellite imgeries, aerial photographs and field investigations, wind currents in the vicinity of méga-obstacles (e. G. Eglab, tassili-Hoggar, Tibesti, etc. ) produce the same phenomenon-appearance of shelter zone. The effects of the geomorphologic parameters of the méga-obstacles in the shelter zone are quantified. Meanwhile, the topographic depressions (for example, Lake Aral, Lake Chad Chott El Djerid, Chot Melrhir) result in the analogic aerodynamic effects to that of an geomorphologic obstacle. The distribution of the méga-obstacles in Sahara and Sahel generates mega- Venturi effect controlling the localization of the ergs where the wind dynamics on the margins engenders threats to the oases and their irrigation systems. The Great Western Erg and the Eastern Erg in the Maghreb as two case studies are made
Dieng, Dah. "Morphodynamique éolienne et problèmes d'ensablement dans la vallée du fleuve Sénégal : étude de cas : le lac Rkiz et le Koundi." Bordeaux 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR30077.
Full textFor more than three decades a long and severe drought has progressively installed itself in sahel, starting a new process of desertification, the wind being its principal agent. The study of this aeolian morphodynamic is based on the use of 73 000 anemometric readings from two stations, rosso and boutilimit, located in the south of mauritania. The statistical analysis of these readings provides observations varying according to the scale of time : - on the level of the day, the efficiency of the wind increases in conditions favorable to raising temperatures and thus rates of evaporation. This efficiency is greater in the dry season when the harmattan blows. Wind power is developed during the period of greatest fragility in the area. - on the level of the year, the winds blow in many directions, but those of the north-east quadrant of the compass are the most frequent and hold the power to determine the annual morphodynamic effects of the wind and principal wind direction. This morphodynamic process, observed through a diachronic analysis of aerial photographs taken in 1954, 1976, 1988 and 1993, is very recent and tied to the diminishment of plant life which anchors the soil. The important potentiality of the aeolian transport makes itself felt in the remobilisation of the sand dunes and a massive meridional migration of sand. Through its most northern reaches, lake rkiz and the koundi, the senegal river valley is threatened by these aeolian erosive processes only found in desert conditions
Martinez, Hugo. "Contribution à la modélisation du transport éolien de particules : mesures de profils de concentration en soufflerie diphasique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10032.
Full textHassane, Bouba. "Variabilité de la dynamique éolienne au sol (direction et vitesse du vent) et de ses conséquences (visibilité horizontale) au Sahel central et Sahara méridional entre 1950 et 2009 (exemple de quelques stations synoptiques au Niger)." Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ROUES012.
Full textPajot, Franck. "Etude expérimentale de l'effet du rayonnement solaire sur le seuil d'envol de particules dans une couche limite turbulente." Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT2079.
Full textEolian transport of particles by saltation is responsible for the dunes displacement. The initiation of this phenomenon depends on several parameters (flow conditions, grains diameter, humidity,. . . ) which can change the particles take-off threshold
Nofal, Ramadan Abd El Hamid. "Les yardangs des dépôts des anciennes playas des dépressions du western desert d'Egypte : étude géomorphologique." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX10033.
Full textBouhali, Omar. "Contribution des convertisseurs multiniveaux au raccordement de la production d'origine éolienne sur un réseau électrique." Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Bouhali.pdf.
Full textThis work deals with the evaluation of the possibilities which offers the multilevel converters for the connection of a wind generation system including a storage system. First of all, modeling and control of the connection are given. Classically, the grid converter is controlled to regulate the intermediate continuous bus. The use of a NPC converter topology requires the balancing of the DC-bus voltage. A solution based on the redundant configurations is proposed. Then, the modeling and the control of a three-phase multilevel inverter are presented by extending the presented concepts, which are established by using the vectorial mathematical tools. The storage unit is used to control the continuous bus and consequently compensate the fluctuations of the wind power. The energy supervision of the association of both sources is presented and the operation range is given. Various possibilities of the connection of both sources are proposed and evaluated. Experimental validations are given. Finally, the use of a converter using four series capacitors in the DC-bus is developed for the multi source system connections. Various possibilities of connection on this continuous bus are investigated. The supervision system of the powers for each case is also given
Burger, Céline. "L'éolien est-il soluble dans le territoire ? : territorialisation d'une politique d'aménagement durable." Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIML008.
Full textPolitical strategies have been renewed regularly to better respond to climate issues, across international, national, regional and local levels. Within those politics, renewable energy projects caught my attention. Developed in the XIXth century, this project was implanted to uncross the climate change. Therefore, the research aims at understanding how wind power plants interfere "positively or negatively" with place-based territorial constructions. The point is to address the trade-offs between spatial equity and intergenerational equity, which are the core of sustainable policies. I choose a territorial approach of sustainable development to better respond to the core aim. I think this approach contributes to renew the sustainable studies in urban planning. Consequently, in my first part, I settle the sustainable studies in territorial context by mobilizing sustainable territorial development concept. In the second part, my interests focus on wind farms projects; reconsidering such projects is to get some perspectives towards the territorial projects and sustainable policy particularly in micro-territory in rural area. The finding was a concept of “negotiated territory” without distinction between planning in rural or urban area. The third part, tried to understand the stakeholders implementation in sustainable decision-making process. With our territorial positions (conscious or not) they're because of territorial effects. These reactions are reflecting a new interest to the territory, a new links to the local communities, necessary to conduce territorial sustainable development projects
Venard, Cédric. "La morphodynamique éolienne en régions sèches : des échelles spatiales et temporelles aux outils." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20092/document.
Full textDrylands share with deserts many environmental conditions that make them sensitive and fragile. It is a necessity to understand the mechanisms of these environments, especially in contexts where there is a risk of desertification. Such an understanding is often assessed by monitoring vegetation. Field experience, however, shows that aeolian morphodynamics may provide useful additional information. The aeolian morphodynamics plays indeed a significant role in the environmental risk of drylands. In desert systems, the anthropogenic pressure on aeolian processes is low. On the other hand, in non-desert drylands, features are smaller but have a faster reaction time to environmental change. They interact strongly with other components of the landscape, such as human activities. Accordingly, the study of non-desertic aeolian morphodynamics has to be designed following a systematic approach. It relies on a good knowledge of fundamental physics of wind geomorphology that is described in this dissertation. Various tools and concepts developed in desert environments, including potential displacement and roughness density, are given. The effects of aeolian morphodynamics on landscapes are illustrated by various examples. Standard studies of wind dynamics are discussed and questioned to demonstrate that new approaches can be explored. This study focuses anchored dunes, which remain poorly studied despite their importance in drylands. Anchored dunes are described and characterized in detail. Then a protocole of quantification and qualitative evaluation can be elaborated.Our aim was to develop methods that are reproducible and minimize the complexity and costs of implementation. The unmanned platform, Pixy, illustrates the potential of drones which provide accurate images with a great flexibility of use. The interest of very high spatial resolution imagery provided by satellites such as QuickBird is also demonstrated. Their images introduce to an intermediate scale between field and large-scale satellite imagery. Among the providers of very high spatial resolution imagery, Google Earth (GE) appears to be a good alternative to commercial suppliers. Increasing availability of free high resolution images offers potential applications in various fields. However, their use has constraints that are managed by Mathematical Morphology (MM), an object-oriented image analysis discipline. Tools from MM allow the analysis of uncorrected images, like those of Pixy or GE. It relies on simple procedures easy to reproduce and explain. It thus contributes to reducing the cost of studies. This economic issue of environmental diagnosis cannot be ignored, especially in the countries concerned by the fight against desertification.Each chapter of this thesis demonstrates the importance of two thresholds through particular example. The threshold of heterogeneity, below which information is embedded in the background noise produced by too much detail, is the first one. The threshold of homogeneity, beyond which information is too smooth to be relevant, is the second one. This work attempts to show how these thresholds may have direct effects on results of a remote sensing study. This consideration is thus a structuring element of the methods used. Beyond the issue of aeolian morphodynamics, this thesis combines semi-automatic characterization methods of landscape elements with processes of multi-scalar integration. The results are potentially useful to any approach that seeks to understand the effects of a phenomenon at different scales
Lacroix, Claire. "Chronologie holocène des feux de forêt et dynamique éolienne pour le secteur de Radisson, Québec nordique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28606/28606.pdf.
Full textLaczko, Andreea-Adriana. "Optimisation du dimensionnement et de la commande par cycle de fonctionnement d'un générateur à aimants permanents et à auto-commutation pour appications micro-éoliennes." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECLI0024/document.
Full textThe design of a micro-wind energy conversion system represents the core of this study. The attention is derived towards the brushless DC permanent magnet generator with outer rotor configuration and trapezoidal induced back-EMF voltages. The global aim of the thesis is represented by the attempt of determining the optimal geometrical and electrical design parameters of the BLDCPM generator that give the minimum total power losses in the system, over long-term wind speed cycle operation and thereby increasing the efficiency of the overall system. In advance to the optimization, an adapted simulation model needs to be developed in terms of results accuracy and simulation time. This is done in the first part of the thesis by determining the modeling level, as well as the design variables of each component of the system. As the optimization appeals to an algorithm for the design process, the reduction of the simulation time has been investigated in the third and fourth part of the thesis by developing a suitable method that allows the integration and exploitation of the available data from the wind-speed profile when determining the totality of the power losses in the system. Afterwards, the optimization methodology is presented along with the optimum results obtained, as well as comparison of several input/output parameters. Finally, experimental tests are also carried out on a reference BLDCPM machine prototype in order to verify its electronic commutation and control technique
Bect, Julien. "Processus de Markov diffusifs par morceaux : outils analytiques et numériques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00169791.
Full textNous introduisons dans la première partie du mémoire la notion de processus diffusif par morceaux, qui fournit un cadre théorique général qui unifie les différentes classes de modèles "hybrides" connues dans la littérature. Différents aspects de ces modèles sont alors envisagés, depuis leur construction mathématique (traitée grâce au théorème de renaissance pour les processus de Markov) jusqu'à l'étude de leur générateur étendu, en passant par le phénomène de Zénon.
La deuxième partie du mémoire s'intéresse plus particulièrement à la question de la "propagation de l'incertitude", c'est-à-dire à la manière dont évolue la loi marginale de l'état au cours du temps. L'équation de Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov (FPK) usuelle est généralisée à diverses classes de processus diffusifs par morceaux, en particulier grâce aux notions d'intensité moyenne de sauts et de courant de probabilité. Ces résultats sont illustrés par deux exemples de modèles multidimensionnels, pour lesquels une résolution numérique de l'équation de FPK généralisée a été effectuée grâce à une discrétisation en volumes finis. La comparaison avec des méthodes de type Monte-Carlo est également discutée à partir de ces deux exemples.
Ménassé, Clément. "Pricing and hedging strategies in incomplete energy markets." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC186.
Full textThis thesis tackles three issues on pricing and hedging in energy markets. Energy markets differ from financial markets mainly in two ways: illiquidity and incompletness. Illiquidity (or lack of liquidity) translates into transaction costs and volume constraints. Incompletness means incapacity to perfectly hedge derivatives. We study different aspects of incomplete markets. First, we focus on indifference pricing in exponential Lévy models. We obtained an approximate formula by considering a Lévy process as a perturbed Brownian motion. That way we obtain the minimal correction from Black-Scholes price. Second, we present a numerical procedure to price spread options when underlyings are stochastically correlated. These options are very popular in energy markets, underlyings being for instance gas and electricity. Third, we derive optimal strategies using exogeneous factors forecasts. We exhibit an explicit pricing formula and an optimal strategy handling volume risk and apply it to wind farms valuation. Finally, a short review of optimal strategies taking into account transaction costs is made
Deschatre, Thomas. "Dependence modeling between continuous time stochastic processes : an application to electricity markets modeling and risk management." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED034/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we study some dependence modeling problems between continuous time stochastic processes. These results are applied to the modeling and risk management of electricity markets. In a first part, we propose new copulae to model the dependence between two Brownian motions and to control the distribution of their difference. We show that the class of admissible copulae for the Brownian motions contains asymmetric copulae. These copulae allow for the survival function of the difference between two Brownian motions to have higher value in the right tail than in the Gaussian copula case. Results are applied to the joint modeling of electricity and other energy commodity prices. In a second part, we consider a stochastic process which is a sum of a continuous semimartingale and a mean reverting compound Poisson process and which is discretely observed. An estimation procedure is proposed for the mean reversion parameter of the Poisson process in a high frequency framework with finite time horizon, assuming this parameter is large. Results are applied to the modeling of the spikes in electricity prices time series. In a third part, we consider a doubly stochastic Poisson process with stochastic intensity function of a continuous semimartingale. A local polynomial estimator is considered in order to infer the intensity function and a method is given to select the optimal bandwidth. An oracle inequality is derived. Furthermore, a test is proposed in order to determine if the intensity function belongs to some parametrical family. Using these results, we model the dependence between the intensity of electricity spikes and exogenous factors such as the wind production
Mezrag, Mohamed. "Dynamique environnementale des zones steppiques à Djelfa (Algérie) : caractérisation par télédétection des changements du couvert végétal et des processus d'ensablement." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2080/document.
Full textThe Algerian steppes are located between the Sahara and the Mediterranean. The semi-arid climate allows the development of natural vegetation and the maintenance of pasture. This fragile environment is the scene of change, with the decline of nomadism, the transformation of pastoralists into agro-pastoralists, the extension of agriculture and urbanization. We approach these points by articulating the past to the present to highlight the weight of the livestock activity strongly rooted in the polarization of current trends.Based on a quantitative remote sensing and analysis method for large number of satellite images, this work captures changes in environmental processes and seeks useful links between them. The precipitation analysis by a specialized indicator (SPI) reveals its fluctuating nature. Dry sequences leave damaging consequences on vegetation, human activity and sand drift reactivation.Spectacular changes are observed, agriculture has emerged from preferential places to conquer new spaces in the plains and terraces. The sand occasionally reappears, its correlation with the drought could be demonstrated. The sand drift begins after the persistence of three dry years. On the other hand, a wet year is enough to substantially reduce the sand area. This is why the interaction between water and wind activity is analyzed. We propose a model of sedimentary exchange, introducing the concept of sedimentary recycling, added transport and opposite transport.In terms of management, anticipatory protective measures are favored for the later management of the impacts of degradation. Furthermore, the prospective management is approached through the exploitation of meteorological forecast data and the identification of spectral variations indicative of reactivation of the sand drift in satellite imagery
Bendali, Frédéric. "Dynamique de la végétation et mobilité du sable en Jeffara tunisienne." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20255.
Full textStoyanov, Ludmil. "Etude de différentes structures de systèmes hybrides à sources d'énergie renouvelables." Phd thesis, Université Pascal Paoli, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00653412.
Full textCrépy, Maël. "Les Paysages du vent : géohistoire et géoarchéologie de la dépression de Kharga (désert Libyque, Égypte) du cinquième siècle avant notre ère à nos jours : 2 500 ans d'interactions entre dynamiques éoliennes et activités humaines dans un milieu hyperaride." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2141.
Full textThe limiting features of the wind dynamics are scarce in the Western desert of Egypt, one of the most arid areas in the world: eolian ablation and transport are the prevailing factors of the morphogenesis. Born from artesian waters and human activities, the oases of Kharga basin form an area where the deposition processes are stronger thanks to the large amount of water and vegetation. Eolian dynamics, and their morphogenetic impacts, are strengthened by the nesting of oasis sites (deposition areas) in a desert region (sediment source-zone). The landscapes of the wind are thus formed by the juxtaposition of these areas where opposed processes occur. This thesis aims to describe, understand and explain their development.This work based on geomorphology, geoarchaeology, « géohistoire » and sedimentology gives an account on the impacts on the landscapes of the interactions between eolian dynamics and human activities since the creation of the oases 2 500 years ago. It consists in an overview of the natural and anthropogenic processes and an assessment of the living conditions in the oasis since the Antiquity.The three main results of this research are:- a typology of the elements forming the landscapes of the wind;- a descriptive modelisation of the system at stake in their formations, which is based on an asynchronous cycle of colonisation and abandonment of the sites;- an overview of the main patterns of the long-term environmental and morphogenetic evolution since the creation of the oases.This triple contribution shows that the landscapes of the wind are born from the distortion between the regional environmental trend towards degraded conditions and the local and temporary improvements of the edaphic conditions due to human activities
Meurisse, Murielle. "Enregistrement haute résolution des massifs dunaires Manche, mer du Nord et Atlantique : le rôle des tempêtes." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-347.pdf.
Full textBarniaudy, Clément. "Habiter au gré des vents en Méditerranée nord-occidentale." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30054.
Full textMy doctoral research work is based on observations and field interviews. I revealed that thesocio-spatial practices of most of the geographical actors dealing with the winds, in the NorthWestern Mediterranean area, are characterized by technological hybridization anddeterritorialization (part 1). Change in the practices of interactions with the winds can belinked to the geohistory of anemology: overtime, scientific progresses built a paradigm ofwind modelling (part 2). My doctoral work stresses the importance of an esthetical andphenomenological approach that would include sensitive perception, symbolic imaginary, andartistic expressions (part 3). This approach would re-centre the relations between humanbeings and the winds: the very experience that North Western Mediterranean societies haveshaped by living with the winds. The last part of my dissertation analyses to which extent thisapproach based on those new ‘human’ practices (architecture, energy) could be useful forpublic action purpose (part 4)
Gliga, Lavinius ioan. "Diagnostic d'une Turbine Eolienne à Distance à l'aide du Réseau de Capteurs sans Fil." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR063/document.
Full textDirect Drive Wind Turbines (DDWTs) are equipped with Permanent Magnet Syn- chronous Generators (PMSGs). Their three most common failures are demagnetization, ec- centricity (static, dynamic and mixed) and inter-turn short circuit. Machine Current Signa- ture Analysis is often used to look for generator problems, as these impairments introduce additional harmonics into the generated currents. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is utilized to compute the spectrum of the currents. However, the FFT calculates the whole spectrum, while the number of possible faults and the number of introduced harmonics is low. The Goertzel algorithm, implemented as a filter (the Goertzel filter), is presented as a more efficient alternative to the FFT. The spectrum of the currents changes with the wind speed, and thus the detection is made more difficult. The Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is proposed as a solution. The spectrum of the residuals, computed between the estimated and the generated current, is constant, regardless of the wind speed. However, the effect of the faults is visible in the spectrum. When using the EKF, one challenge is to find out the covariance matrix of the process noise. A new method was developed in this regard, which does not use any of the matrices of the filter. DDWTs are either placed in remote areas or in cities. For the monitoring of a DDWT, tens or hundreds of kilometers of cables are necessary. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are suited to be used in the communication infrastructure of DDWTs. WSNs have lower initial and maintenance costs, and they are quickly installed. Moreover, they can complement wired networks. Different wireless technologies are com- pared - both wide area ones, as well as short range technologies which support high data rates