Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Processus de dissolution et de précipitation'
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Devigne, Vincent. "Ecoulements et conditions aux limites particulières appliquées en hydrogéologie et théorie mathématique des processus de dissolution/précipitation en milieux poreux." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00132036.
Full textproblèmes de nature phénoménologique nombreux conduisent bien souvent à
l'étude des Équations aux Dérivées Partielles (EDP's) au travers des non
moins nombreux modèles qui en découlent.
Si chaque phénomène physique, mécanique, chimique ou autres pris
indépendamment et à une échelle suffisamment fine est aujourd'hui bien
compris et relativement aisé à modéliser il n'en est pas de même pour les
problèmes multiphysiques, physico-chimique, les écoulements au voisinage de
domaines de structures différentes ou même dans l'appréhension de ces
phénomènes à des échelles plus grandes méso et macroscopique.
La compréhension des conditions aux limites et leur modélisation reste une
étape clef dans l'étude de ces phénomènes naturels.
Nous verrons au travers du (dé)couplage de problèmes multi-domaines par les
lois de paroi (Navier, Beavers et Joseph), des processus chimiques (Modèle de
Duijn-Knabner) ou la dispersion de Taylor comment il est possible de résoudre
numériquement et en partie ces difficultés par des techniques d'analyse
mathématique récentes (homogénéisation, raisonnement multi-échelles et
développements asymptotiques).
Des résultats de simulations réalisées au moyen d'un logiciel de résolution
d'EDP's baptisé SciFEM (Scilab Finite Element Method) conçu pour les besoins
de la thèse illustreront notre démarche.
Devigne, Vincent. "Écoulements et conditions aux limites particulières appliquées en hydrogéologie et théorie mathématique des processus de dissolution / précipitation en milieux poreux." Lyon 1, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/13/20/36/PDF/UCBL_manuscrit.pdf.
Full textRembert, Flore. "Development of geo-electrical methods to characterize dissolution and precipitation processes in a carbonate context." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS114.pdf.
Full textPrecipitation and dissolution of calcite are key processes in carbonate rocks and being able to monitor them in situ is a major issue. Hydrogeophysical methods are based on the development of appropriate geophysical techniques for monitoring hydrological and biogeochemical processes in a non-intrusive and low-cost manner. Among the existing techniques, electrical methods have already proven their ability to monitor such processes. For this reason, the methods of self-potential (SP) and spectral induced polarization (SIP) were chosen to investigate the processes of dissolution and precipitation of calcite. SP is a passive technique consisting in measuring the natural electric field generated by water flows and concentration gradients, while SIP is an active method measuring the complex electrical conductivity at low frequencies (mHz-kHz). Its real and imaginary components can be related respectively to the microstructure and surface state of the minerals constituting it. This thesis presents experimental and theoretical developments in order to improve the interpretation of SP and SIP methods. A new electrical conductivity model is developed and shows a good fit with the numerical results of dissolution and precipitation. Remarkable SP data have been obtained and could be quantitatively linked through reactive transport modeling. The SIP results provide further insights into the mechanisms responsible for the polarization variations caused by the reactivity of calcite
Lavergne, Olivier. "Mécanismes de dissolution et de précipitation dans les carbures cémentés WC/Co." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0214.
Full textSaldi, Giuseppe. "Les cinétiques de dissolution et de précipitation de la magnésite aux conditions hydrothermales." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00425552.
Full textDevidal, Jean-Luc. "Solubilité et cinétique de dissolution/précipitation de la kaolinite en milieu hydrothermal : approche expérimentale et modélisation." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30096.
Full textDesboeufs, Karine. "Processus de dissolution des aérosols atmosphériques au sein des gouttes d'eau nuageuses." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005175.
Full textJiang, Chongjun. "Etude des alternances récurrentes dans les skarns et des instabilités du front de dissolution/précipitation." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01052909.
Full textMaisse, Éric. "Analyse et simulations numériques de phénomènes de diffusion-dissolution - précipitation en milieux poreux, appliquées au stockage de déchets." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10021.
Full textWagener, Thibaut. "Le fer à l'interface océan-atmosphère : Flux et processus de dissolution dans l'eau de mer." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00270558.
Full textSandré, Anne-Laure. "Nouveau procédé de dissolution-précipitation pour l’exploitation de minerais nickélifères oxydés par voie hydrométallurgique : études cinétiques, modélisation et calcul de réacteurs." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENMP0037.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to build a predictive model for a continuous industrial unit combining simultaneously nickel ore dissolution and iron precipitation. A two steps method was used. First experiments in batch or semi-batch reactors were done in order to understand and model separately the different phenomenon that take place. Then all the equations and associated constants were used to build a model. This work allowed some advances both on the system studied and on the methods used. First thermodynamics of Na-Fe(III)-H2SO4 solutions in the 70-100°C temperature range was clarified and natrojarosite solubility constant Na0,84H0,16Fe2,90(SO4)2(OH)5,7 was deduced. Secondly parameters acting on sodium and potassium jarosite precipitation were highlighted and their growth kinetics were deduced through an original use of caracterisctics method. Then ore dissolution kinetics were found, taking into account different ores phases and their granulometry. After deducing all the necessary parameters, an original model allowing to simulate a cascade of dissolution/precipitation reactors with recyling loop was build and validated. This conception tool, coupled with a technico-economic study allows the optimisation of such a process
Peaudecerf, Alix. "Influence de cations sorbés sur la dissolution de l'apatite : approches microscopique et macroscopique." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00755659.
Full textFerrando, Carlotta. "Transport de magma et processus d’assimilation-précipitation dans la croute océanique inférieure hétérogène : contraintes microstructurales et pétro-géochimiques de forages océaniques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT156/document.
Full textAt slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges the lower oceanic crust is extremely heterogeneous, and its formation must be related to some extents of melt-rock interactions. To constrain the relative contribution of crystallization processes and melt-rock interactions on the geochemical budget and architecture of the slow-spread oceanic crust, I investigated two gabbroic sequences sampled in situ at the Atlantis Massif (AM, 30°N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, MAR) and the Atlantis Bank (AB, 32°S, 57°E, Southwest Indian Ridge, SWIR), where gabbros are exposed by long-lived detachment faults. I performed (i) a multi-scale petro-structural, geochemical and numerical modeling study of primitive gabbroic rocks drilled at the AM, and (ii) a petrographic and geochemical study of olivine gabbros recovered at the AB. AM was drilled during IODP Expeditions 304/305. The heterogeneous lower oceanic crust recovered at Site U1309 presents discrete intervals of olivine-rich troctolites (Ol-T). They are distinguished by partially dissolved olivines with relatively high Fo (86) and Ni contents (>2000 ppm), and they are characterized by the co-precipitation of high Mg# (86-88) clinopyroxene and plagioclase. These characteristics suggest that Ol-T result from impregnation of an olivine-rich protolith by a melt undersaturated in olivine. The flat geochemical profiles across olivine and adjacent minerals suggest that the composition of the protolith was modified by this impregnating melt. Yet, Ni, Li and Co display extremely variable compositions at constant olivine Mg#, suggesting that they retain the signature of the precursor material. Modeling indicates that these chemical variations are likely inherited from the U1309D harzburgites. Experiments show that the melt distribution and paths in a porous media is controlled by the mineral modes of the host rock. The heterogeneous distribution of orthopyroxene in the precursor harzburgitic mantle locally drives the abundance of impregnating melt, leading to different extents of olivine dissolution, as evidenced by variations in mineral modes and chemistry of the AM Ol-T. Geochemical modeling indicates that the melt percolation and assimilation of about 5% of a mantle protolith can explain the formation of the Ol-T. One consequence of this reactive process in Hole U1309D is the shift of melt compositions toward apparent high pressure fractionation. However, no high pressure chemical signature is observed in MORBs from the AM, while it is recorded in MORBs from the nearly amagmatic region along the SWIR (61°-67°E). AB was drilled during IODP Expedition 360. The recovered lower oceanic crust is dominated by olivine gabbros (75%) and oxide gabbros (20%). The section is in places intensively deformed. Shipboard studies have documented textures of plagioclase assimilation by an invading melt crystallizing clinopyroxene. Compositions of olivine gabbros reach relatively evolved signature (Yb = 3-10 x C1-chondrite; MORB Yb = 19). Previous studies on olivine gabbros from AB showed that their formation can be ascribed to assimilation of an oceanic crust by clinopyroxene-saturated trace element enriched melts. The study of AM and AB reveals melt-rock interactions and mineral assimilation associated to melt transport through the accreting lower oceanic crust. Similar textural and chemical features are observed at Kane (24°N, MAR) and in ophiolite complexes (e.g., Alpine and Appennine ophiolites). These evidences indicate that melt-rock interactions are probably ubiquitous, and contribute to shaping the slow-spread lower oceanic crust. The characterization of gabbroic rocks drilled at Hess Deep suggests that melt-rock interactions may take place also at fast-spreading ridge. Melt transport and associated mineral assimilation processes likely play a major role in the building of the oceanic crust overall. Their contribution to the formation of MORB is likely controlled by melt productivity in the upwelling mantle
Duportal, Malo. "Impact de la concentration en hydrogène sur les processus de dissolution et de passivation d’un acier inoxydable austénitique." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LAROS024.
Full textDifferent processes can lead to hydrogen absorption on the surface of the materials and can decrease their inherent materials properties, especially their surface characteristics. Interactions between these modifications and corrosion processes have to be more thoroughly studied. In this context, this work aims to investigate the role of hydrogen absorption on the dissolution and passivation mechanisms of the AISI 316L. First, the total absorbed hydrogen concentration has been quantified after an electrochemical charging process. Then, we evaluated the different hydrogen states in the material and its distribution from surface to the bulk. Results suggest a strong concentration gradient and allows to estimate both an apparent coefficient of diffusion and a local hydrogen concentration. In addition, we observed that the local hydrogen increased hardness enhanced the dislocations density and induced an occasionally phase transformation to martensite (γ→ε). In the second time, the influence of hydrogen on anodic processes on the AISI 316L have been investigated. For that purpose, electrochemical tests have been conducted and show an increase of anodic kinetics after hydrogen absorption. Hydrogen induced an increase of the passive current density while the pitting resistance is widely degraded. XPS analyses attest of a similar passive layer (thickness and composition) before and after H-charging even though EIS results show a decrease of the resistance. Inductively Coupled Plasma showed that hydrogen promotes dissolution processes. The modifications induced by hydrogen are partially reversible with hydrogen desorption. Our results illustrate that mobile hydrogen is mainly responsible for the decrease of the properties and that trapped hydrogen and / or metallurgical modifications induced by electrochemical charging have few effects on the corrosion process even they highlight the partial non-reversibility of the observed effects
Jakab, Sandrine. "Cinétique de précipitation par voie électrochimique et de dissolution de solides mixtes de type molybdates ou hydroxydes/oxydes de lanthanide : étude de gravimétrie." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066774.
Full textSaad, Alice. "Influence du changement climatique et des conditions extrêmes sur les massifs fracturés : rôle des fluides (H2O, CO2) dans leur processus d’altération." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1117/document.
Full textThe objective of this work is to understand the weathering process of oolitic limestone and estimate their weathering kinetics under French climatic conditions. Accelerated ageing cycles, based on parameters deduced from a literature review and on temperature and precipitation data, have been defined. Then samples of two oolitic limestones have undergone these ageing. The measurements used to determine damage were chosen based on their metrological characteristics and their relevance. The results were compared with the same measurements performed on naturally weathered limestone. Thus, the relationships between the weathering process of oolitic limestone and their mechanical, physical and microstructural characteristics have been established. This analysis also led to weathering kinetics. The results were validated by the study of another oolitic limestone under different climatic conditions. Finally, the influence of a potential climate change on the weathering kinetics was determined using a statistical tool
Raveloson, Joharivola. "Influence de la variabilité spatiale des paramètres thermodynamiques et de cinétique chimique sur la précipitation des minéraux carbonatés en milieu poreux (stockage minéral du CO2)." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMSE0746/document.
Full textThe present work is based on the study of water-rock interactions in the case of CO2 storage in geological media. Particular attention is devoted to heterogeneities at different observation scales geochemical phenomena. These heterogeneities can be observed at different scales: the grain (mineral crystallinity present defects and impurities), and the centimeter scale / multi- decametric (rocks are heterogeneous at different scales). In particular, the thermodynamic parameters logK and chemical kinetics kS (in this work we considered the product of the rate constant k by the specific surface area S is kS as "chemical kinetics parameter") are known from laboratory experiments to a few centimeters in size, while we are interested in mineralogical reactions across tanks.We propose to evaluate the geostatistical characteristics of the local variability after reaction through simulations of reactive transport on a small scale in which various parameters (logK and kS) are perturbed with a first spatial variability imposed. A combination of both approaches is discussed: deterministic and geostatistical for the study of geochemical problems at different scales. The reactive transport code - COORES (IFP - EN and Ecole nationale supérieure des mines de Saint -Etienne) was used for deterministic simulations and the geochemical system studied concerns the dissolution of diopside with precipitation of secondary minerals such as calcite and magnesite.After analysis by the method of design of experiments, the results show that high spatial correlation variance combined with high dispersion of minerals promotes a high reactivity when minerals chemically disturbing is the kinetic parameter kS. In addition, a high velocity injection accelerates the dissolution of the mineral studied. However, the effect of spatial variability of the thermodynamic parameter, did not significantly affect the results, the system behaves as in the homogeneous case. From the standpoint of homogenizing the parameter kS, include the influence of the history of dissolution
Maugis, Pascal. "Transferts complexes en milieu poreux :Quelques approches physiques et numériques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00090023.
Full textprocessus mettant en jeu le transport d'eau et de matière en milieu poreux souterrain. La
problématique du devenir du combustible nucléaire en fin de cycle, à forte activité
radiologique et à longue durée de vie, a donné de l'élan à la recherche sur cette
thématique. L'objectif de la recherche est de montrer, grâce à la modélisation, la
faisabilité et la sûreté de différents scenarios comme le stockage quasi-définitif de
milliers de conteneurs dans de vastes réseaux de galeries souterraines, creusées dans des
couches géologiques profondes et peu perméables, ou leur entreposage sur quelques siècles
dans des sites plus proches de la surface en attendant de leur trouver un usage ou une fin
plus définitive.
Dans ce contexte, ce rapport de thèse retrace quelques unes des approches complexes mises
en oeuvre dans la modélisation de processus élémentaires concourant au transport d'eau
et de polluant en milieu poreux. La complexité est envisagée dans les processus mis en
jeu, dans la structure du milieu et dans les méthodes numériques déployées.
Thermo-hydraulique
La physique complexe de l'écoulement diphasique eau/air, couplé à la thermique, est
exposée théoriquement en partie I, à l'aide d'un modèle thermodynamique après avoir
précisé et critiqué quelques concepts comme le potentiel de l'eau, la charge hydraulique
d'une phase gazeuse, la pression capillaire, la loi de Fick, l'osmose, etc. Un modèle
numérique simplifié à trois équations de conservation (eau, air, et enthalpie) est exposé,
y compris dans sa dégénérescence à un seul constituant ou une seule phase. Il est mis en
oeuvre pour simuler le fonctionnement d'un dispositif expérimental, appelé MASCILIA,
reproduisant dans son principe l'entreposage géologique d'un container de déchets
radioactifs de haute activité. Il consiste en un chauffage localisé d'un bac de sable
rempli d'eau, et le suivi du développement d'une "bulle" de vapeur. On montre comment
s'entretient un échange de chaleur par effet caloduc à l'interface de cette bulle et du
milieu poreux encore saturé d'eau.
Milieux hétérogènes
La complexité peut aussi découler de l'hétérogénéité du milieu poreux. La Méthode de
Monte-Carlo permet de générer des réalisations de milieux aléatoires connaissant leur
structure statistique. On applique cette méthode, en partie II, à des milieux
sédimentaires (non fracturés) afin, par l'intermédiaire de modèles stochastiques, de
comprendre l'impact des hétérogénéités sur la réponse d'un milieu naturel à diverses
sollicitations. L'influence de la proximité, en 2D, de frontières déterministes (comme des
conditions aux limites) sur la structure statistique des grandeurs associées à
l'écoulement et au transport a été caractérisée (chapitre 2). Elle peut être très
importante, tant sur la charge hydraulique et la vitesse de Darcy que sur l'étalement
longitudinal ou transversal d'un panache de traceur. Ces effets sont sensibles également à
la nature (charge ou flux) de la condition imposée aux limites. On met en évidence
numériquement ces particularités et on en démontre une partie théoriquement. Cette analyse
est importante pour l'interrogation numérique du concept de dispersivité.
La dispersivité est une mesure de l'étalement de type diffusif d'un panache au fil du
temps. Son intérêt est mis à l'épreuve au chapitre 3, avec la même méthodologie que
précédemment, d'écoulements moyens non uniformes (tournant, radial convergeant vers un
puits, dipolaire entre deux puits). Elle s'avère dépendre étroitement du type d'écoulement
et n'est donc pas une caractéristique intrinsèque au milieu poreux. De plus, elle ne rend
compte que de la partie gaussienne de l'étalement spatial des panaches, quand précisément
cet étalement est en réalité fortement dissymétrique en présence de puits. L'existence
d'une telle singularité de l'écoulement a pour conséquence que la dispersivité n'atteint
pas de valeur asymptotique. Ainsi, tout calage d'une dispersivité sur la base d'essais de
traçage entre puits est sans rapport avec la réalité des processus
dispersifs. Paradoxalement, et dans le cas précis d'un seul puits de pompage, il se trouve
toutefois que la dispersivité calée rend bien compte de la dispersivité que le milieu
exhiberait si l'écoulement était uniforme.
Transport particulaire
Ces études numériques s'appuient sur le développement de méthodes sophistiquées de
résolution d'équations d'écoulement et de transport. On détaille ainsi, chapitre 4, un
algorithme de transport particulaire avec convection, diffusion et dispersion. Aux sauts
élémentaires de convection s'ajoutent des sauts aléatoires (bruit blanc) engendrant de la
diffusion. C'est le principe de la marche aléatoire. L'originalité de l'algorithme réside
dans la localité des sauts, que l'on limite à chaque maille par calage du pas de temps en
résolvant une équation du second degré en racine de Delta t. On évite ainsi un léger
biais positif sur les sauts diffusifs entre mailles.
Géochimie simplifiée
On aborde enfin au chapitre 5, en l'illustrant sur un cas-test, la modélisation du
transport d'espèces disparaissant par décroissance radioactive, pouvant aussi être
dissoutes, adsorbées ou précipitées. Cette situation, mathématiquement fort générale, se
rencontre notamment lors de la lixiviation de la matrice d'oxyde d'uranium constituant les
barres de combustible nucléaire, lorsque l'eau souterraine a achevé de corroder les
conteneurs. On compare plusieurs algorithmes calculant, par point fixe, l'équilibre de
dissolution dont la cinétique peut être au choix instantanée, linéaire ou imposée. Les
critères de stabilité et de précision sont exposés, ainsi que les manières de les
satisfaire ou de les contourner. Des effets indésirables de sur-précipitation amont ou de
concentration négative en aval des fronts de précipitation surviennent lorsque les
contrastes de solubilité sont importants.
Pauwels, Hélène. "Etude theorique et experimentale du comportement des elements traces lors des processus d'interaction eau-roche." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077136.
Full textDidier, Amélie. "Comportement géochimique du chronomètre U-Th-Pb dans la monazite : approche par analyses in-situ au LA-ICP-MS." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00966588.
Full textDevigne, Vincent Graillot Didier Mikelic Andro Batton-Hubert Mireille. "Écoulements et conditions aux limites particulières appliquées en hydrogéologie et théorie mathématique des processus de dissolution / précipitation en milieux poreux = Flows and Particular Boundary Conditions applied in Hydrogeology and Mathematical Theory of Dissolution/Precipitation process in porous media." Lyon : [s.n], 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/13/20/36/PDF/UCBL_manuscrit.pdf.
Full textHarouiya, Najatte. "Etude expérimentale de la dissolution de l'apatite : impact sur le cycle biogéochimique dans le milieu naturel." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30198.
Full textThe goal of this study is to understand the kinetics of apatite-water interaction in natural systems. Towards this goal steady-state dissolution rates of apatite have been measured in closed and open system as a function of aqueous solution composition and temperature. Apatite has a high reactivity in strongly acidic medium resulting in high concentrations of both aqueous phosphorous and fluoride. The dissolution and precipitation of rhabdophane in the presence of apatite are sufficiently rapid such that this process controls REE concentration and influence REE spectra of many near surface waters. In the presence of apatite, lead phosphate precipitates rapidly in supersaturated solutions and inhibits further apatite dissolution. The presence of bacteria and organic acids increase apatite dissolution rate. Measured quartz and alkali-feldspar dissolution rates are found to increase with increasing aqueous fluoride concentration. Due to its high reactivity the presence of even small amounts of apatite in soils may thus influence many important biogeochemical cycles
Algive, Lionnel. "Évolution des propriétés pétrophysiques d'écoulement pendant une injection de CO2 et impact induit au niveau de l'injectivité." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL072N/document.
Full textThe geological storage of CO2 is considered as an attractive option to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere. CO2 is not an inert gas, however. Its dissolution in brine forms a weak acid that has the potential to react with the host rock formation. The induced pores structure modification impacts the flow properties. Thus, to ensure the viability and sustainability of CO2 storage, operators need simulations that take into account the specificities of reactive transport. However, the macroscopic coefficients of the reactive transport equation are modified from the values of an inert tracer by surface reactions. These specificities due to mass transfer are currently not considered. Similarly, the permeability-porosity (K-F) relationship is only estimated semi-empirically. The aim of this thesis was to develop a method to obtain the macroscopic coefficients and the K-F laws, by solving the equations governing the pore-scale phenomena. To do this, we used the Pore Network Modelling approach (PNM). The advantage of the PNM is that it explicitly takes into account the pore structure, while conceptualizing the latter to a set of pores and throats whose morphology is simplified into spheres or cylinders for instance. The study is based into two successive upscalings: from local-scale to pore-scale, then from pore-scale to core-scale. The reactive transport problem is solved for basic elements, analytically or numerically. Then, using the solutions previously found at the pore scale, the reactive transport phenomena are treated throughout the network. Our model was validated by observations on micromodels and by a comparison with an acid-induced alteration experiment
Templier, Claude. "Etude expérimentale de la précipitation dans les alliages à base d'aluminium obtenus par implantation ionique de Cu, Ag et Xe : demixtion et dissolution dans les alliages Al-Ag et Al-Cu, structure, formation et croissance des bulles de xenon." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2017.
Full textTruche, Laurent. "Transformations minéralogiques et géochimiques induites par la présence d'hydrogène dans un site de stockage de déchets radioactifs." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00439788.
Full textPerrudin, François. "Étude de la dissolution de diverses terres rares dans des liquides silicatés (CMAS) de composition variable : contribution au développement des barrières thermiques en ZRO₂-RE₂O₃ (RE=La-Lu)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0277/document.
Full textFine particles of sand, dust or volcanic ashes ingested by aircraft engines are well-known to damage Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBC) when they infiltrate their porous microstructure as molten silicate (CMAS). They are mainly constituted of CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 in variable proportions and also contain metallic oxides. RE2Zr2O7 compositions are TBC candidate materials as they have shown efficiency to mitigate CMAS infiltration due to their reactivity with synthetic CMAS. Indeed, the dissolution reaction leads to rapid sealing of the topcoat porosity mainly due to the formation of crystalline Ca2Gd8(SiO4)6O2 apatite. However, many rare-earth silicates are likely to compete with apatite crystallization and little is known on reaction kinetics and thermodynamics involving RE2O3 and multi-component CMAS system. This work aims to determine the influence of CMAS and rare earth composition on dissolution and precipitation mechanisms. A simplified CAS was first selected with eutectic (1170°C), 65SiO2-26CaO-9Al2O3 (mol. %) composition. Dissolution of various RE2O3 with increasing basicity (RE = Yb, Dy, Gd, Sm and Nd) as well as synthetic apatite and cyclosilicate Ca3RE2(Si3O9)2 phases was then performed at 1200°C in CAS-melt. Finally, fixed MgO and Fe2O3 contents were added to CAS melt with an increasing CaO/SiO2 ratio. The results showed that RE2O3 dissolution mechanism is indirect. Apatite formation results from local equilibrium at the interface with solid RE2O3 whatever the rare earth and CMAS composition. Its crystallization is favored when Ca2+ and RE3+ ionic radii are close as they are both distributed within 9-fold coordination sites. Conversely, Ca and RE mismatch leads to rapid nucleation of cyclosilicate phase in CAS as they are preferentially distributed within a 6-fold coordination site. MgO and Fe2O3 addition in CAS as well as RE2O3 basicity tend to increase RE solubility in silicate melt. Phases in thermodynamic equilibrium strongly depend on CMAS composition but generally exhibits lower RE solubility and dissolution rate in melt than apatite
Chaïrat, Claire. "Etude expérimentale de la cinétique et des mécanismes d'altération de minéraux apatitiques : application au comportement d'une céramique de confinement d'actinides mineurs." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011686.
Full textLegrand, Valentine. "Modélisation des processus de précipitation et prédiction des propriétés mécaniques résultantes dans les alliages d’aluminium à durcissement structural : Application au soudage par Friction Malaxage (FSW) de tôles AA2024." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0090/document.
Full textIn the aeronautic industry, the friction stir welding (FSW) process is seen as an interesting option to lighten aircraft structure by replacing the standard riveting technology used to join parts. Numerical simulation is chosen to improve understanding of the different mechanisms occurring during FSW. The aluminum alloy studied is an AA2024-T3 grade. Its mechanical properties mainly derive from structural hardening mechanisms. An accurate model of precipitate evolution is essential to define hardness profile of the weld. The chosen simulation has to be robust and time-efficient in order to be suitable for the FSW process modeling. It must consider the two families of precipitates (GPB zones and S phase) and model nucleation, growth and coarsening phenomena. A PSD model is chosen and coupled with thermodynamic equilibrium calculations. To define the growth kinetics of precipitates, an exact analytical solution is extended to a multi-component alloy. Knowing the distribution of precipitates size, the mechanical properties are defined based on an empirical model. The amount and properties of phases are initialized through non-isothermal DSC calibration and comparison between experimental heat flux and simulated one. Isothermal test is selected to establish the link between precipitation state and mechanical properties. The model is applied to the simulation of microstructural evolution in FSW in order to predict the final properties of the weld. Thermal changes are determined through the use of a macroscopic model developed during a twin project within the Chair Daher. Numerical results are compared with instrumented experiments and show a good estimate of hardness. The experimental profiles are found, as well as the characteristics of the different areas. This validates the approach and its efficiency to simulate the evolution of the precipitation process
Laveuf, Cédric. "Les terres rares et le zinc comme traceurs des processus pédogénétiques : application à une séquence de sols issue de calcaires minéralisés." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452682.
Full textSaad, Alice. "Influence du changement climatique et des conditions extrêmes sur les massifs fracturés : rôle des fluides (H2O, CO2) dans leur processus d'altération." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00657462.
Full textMoune, Severine. "Volatils mineurs (S, Cl, F) et éléments traces dans les magmas pré-éruptifs et les gaz volcaniques. Etude des processus de dégazage magmatique sur les volcans Hekla (Islande) et Masaya (Nicaragua)." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011542.
Full textUne étude sur les inclusions magmatiques (MIs) a permis de suivre l'évolution des volatils dissous dans le système volcanique d'Hekla au cours de la différenciation magmatique (cristallisation fractionnée). Ceci a permis d'estimer les concentrations en volatils dissous "attendues" dans le liquide pré-éruptif. Cette approche permet donc de ne pas sous-estimer les concentrations des liquides piégés dans les MIs et améliore ainsi les contraintes sur la masse de volatils émise dans l'atmosphère. Cette étude indique que, lors de l'éruption de février 2000, Hekla a émis dans l'atmosphère 0.1 Mt de HCl, 0.2 Mt de HF et 3.8 Mt de SO2. La chimie de la phase sub-Plinienne de cette éruption a été étudiée, de façon plus approfondie, grâce aux averses neigeuses qui ont traversé le panache volcanique. L'étude de ces neiges a montré que l'enrichissement des éléments volatils est lié à un processus de dégazage sous forme de chlorures, fluorures et sulfates. En revanche, l'enrichissement des éléments réfractaires est expliqué par un processus de dissolution non-stoechiométrique des téphras par la phase gazeuse riche en fluor au sein du panache éruptif.
Une étude basée sur les MIs a permis de confirmer la théorie de Walker et al. (1993) selon laquelle la différenciation des magmas tholéiitiques du Masaya se produit à basse pression à partir d'un magma relativement "sec" de composition homogène dans le temps. La caractérisation physico-chimique des aérosols par MEB et la chimie de la phase éruptive du volcan Masaya suggèrent que la plupart des éléments traces sont dégazés sous forme de chlorures, mais aussi sous forme de sulfates et chloro-sulfates. De plus, la quantification des flux de matière a montré que le dégazage au Masaya est une source importante de pollution atmosphérique.
Zwiebel, Jimmy. "Etude de l'impact orographique sur la structure microphysique horizontale et verticale des précipitations." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22642/document.
Full textDuring Fall 2012, a complementary observational network has been deployed in the Cévennes region (South of France) for the Special Observation Period (SOP) of the HyMeX project. This network has been specifically designed to study the structure and heterogeneity of precipitations and, in particulat, the impact of orography on this structure. Firstly, the analysis of the Drop Size Distribution (DSD) at the ground et along a vertical profile from ground observations allow us to describe precisely the rainfall structure along a topographical gradient. In order to understand the influence of a relief on this structure, we focus our study on the microphysical process associated with the structure of precipitations. To do so, we define three rainfall regime et study the vertical evolution of the DSD along the topographical gradient. Variations in number and size of the DSD can be associated with different microphysical or dynamical process. Finally, we estimate the capacity of a bulk atmospheric model such as WRF to represent the rainfall structure and associated mechanisms above a mountainous area
Lamontagne, Aude. "Etude des mécanismes physiques responsables des évolutions microstructurales des aciers perlitiques au cours du tréfilage et du vieillissement post-tréfilage." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0109/document.
Full textSteelcords are produced by assembling cold-drawn pearlitic steel wires with a composition close to the eutectoid one. The cold-drawing step has two goals: it provides the final shape of the wire and its very high mechanical resistance (about 3500 MPa for wires with a diameter of 200 µm). Nowadays, the industrial target aims at achieving a mechanical resistance of about 5000 MPa in order to lower the quantity of steelcord introduced into tires so decreasing their weight and their cost. However, there are two major obstacles to obtaining these ultra-high strength wires. Indeed, the steel reinforcement during cold-drawing induces significant microstructural and mechanical evolutions, which embrittle the wires. This phenomenon is considered as the limit of drawability beyond which wires cannot be plastically deformed anymore. In addition to that, post-drawing ageing can also induce a microstructural evolution and a loss of ductility due to storage at room temperature or during heat treatments at low temperatures (< 200°C). This instability of the wires microstructure can be very damaging for the assembly step leading to wire breakage. The aim of this work was to contribute to the assessment of the microstructural evolution responsible for the variations of mechanical properties that appear during drawing and post-drawing ageing. To achieve this goal, an original experimental approach combining global and indirect characterization techniques (thermoelectric power, electrical resistivity, mechanical spectroscopy, calorimetry…) with Atom Probe Tomography analyses has been set up in order to provide a range of evidences that converge towards a unique scenario to interpret the different microstructural evolution. It was thus shown that cold-drawing leads to cementite dissolution inducing over saturation of ferrite in carbon atoms. This non-equilibrium microstructure tends to return to a more stable state during post-drawing ageing through three different ageing mechanisms: the segregation of carbon atoms on microstructural defects, the precipitation of secondary carbides and their transformation in cementite
Chen, Tao. "Evolution de la perméabilité d'agrégats de sels sous contrainte liée à des circulations de fluides : dissolution, colmatage, déformation." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00743930.
Full textNoiriel, Catherine. "Contribution à la détermination expérimentale et à la modélisation des différents processus contrôlant l'évolution géochimique, structurale et hydrodynamique des roches fissurées carbonatées." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012048.
Full textBanchet, Vincent. "Nanocaractérisation par spectroscopies d'émission X et de pertes d'énergie des électrons des réactions physico-chimiques à l'interface verre bioactif / fluide biologique." Reims, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REIMS016.
Full textIn this thesis we study bioactive materials and their properties to create a favourable environment for the osseous regeneration. More precisely, we are interested in the local and early physicochemical reactions, which occur at the interface between the bioactive glass and the biological environment. The characterisation methods used are transmission electron microscopy associated with energy dispersive X-rays spectroscopy (EDXS) and energy loss electron spectroscopy (EELS). We chose the Cliff and Lorimer method to quantify the elements by EDXS. To optimise the absorption corrections for the light elements, we developed an iterative process for absorption corrections using the experimental value of the local relative specimen thickness measured by EELS. Thus we determined precisely the O/Si atomic ratio in the different areas of the sample. To confirm these measurements, we used EELS to analyse the chemical environment of silicon by the study of the ELNES structures recorded on the L2,3 threshold of silicon. These two approaches allow to demonstrate the existence of many peripheral layers at the bioactive glass (A9) / biological fluid (DMEM) interface: a SiO2 rich layer, a fine temporary layer containing Si(OH)4 groups leading to bonds with calcium ions. Finally by the arrival of phosphorus groups, a calcium and phosphorus rich layer is formed. As this layer precipitates in an apatite, the fine layer containing of the Si(OH)4 groups disappears quickly by repolymerisation in SiO2
Stockmann, Gabrielle J. "Étude expérimentale de la carbonatation du basalte." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00712597.
Full textDumazer, Guillaume. "Dynamique microscopique et propriétés macroscopiques de systèmes réactifs structurés : fronts d'onde chimiques exothermiques et prise du plâtre." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00628301.
Full textNajjar, Denis. "Compétition entre les mécanismes de dissolution anodique et de fragilisation par l'hydrogène dans le processus de fissuration par corrosion sous contrainte de l'alliage Al-Zn-Mg-Cu 7150 sollicité en traction lente en milieu chlorure (NaCl 3)." Lille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL10098.
Full textDiedro, Frank. "Influence de la variabilité pétrophysique et minéralogique des réservoirs géologiques sur le transfert réactif. Application au stockage du CO2." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00436039.
Full textMohamed-Saïd, Maalek. "Modélisation du rôle des produits de corrosion sur l'évolution de la vitesse de corrosion des aciers au carbone en milieu désaéré et carbonaté." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCK002.
Full textThis thesis is related to the issue of the sustainability of carbon steel structures intended for the storage of high-level long-lived radioactive waste. This work focuses on the numerical simulation of the uniform corrosion (and on its evolution), representing the main form of corrosion likely to affect these steel components in aqueous and deaerated conditions.The corrosion process of carbon steels is greatly influenced by the formation of corrosion product layers (CPL) whose role on the evolution of the corrosion rate has been demonstrated in numerous studies. The more or less protective nature of a CPL depends on several physical (porosity, thickness and electrical properties of CPL) and chemical parameters (pH, PCO2, complex formations, ...). The main objective of this thesis is the study of the role of a siderite CPL on the corrosion rate of carbon steels in deaerated conditions. The corrosion regime is simulated on the basis of mechanistic models using a finite element method to resolve the reactive transport equation in porous media and in free potential conditions.Firstly, the stability of a CPL is studied by numerical experiment and constitutes an important step that permits to select the key parameters influencing this stability and consequently the corrosion process. This numerical experiment confirms experimental results obtained on coupons in an environment representative of the storage conditions but on much shorter durations (few years). These calculations show that depending on the chemical conditions (pH, complexing medium, ...), morphological (thickness, distribution of porosity in the CPC, ...) and the electrical properties of the layer, we obtain either a stable deposit that could potentially lead to a decrease of the corrosion rate, or an unstable deposit exposing the metal surface and resulting in a high corrosion rate.In a second time, the transient step i.e. the formation and growth process of a CPL, is also studied numerically considering the displacement of the metal-CPC interface corresponding to the creation of voids caused by the dissolution of the metal. Two approaches, the first one called "implicit" and the second "explicit", of the movement of this interface are presented. All these numerical models are compared with different experimental feedbacks. Thus, a kinetics law of precipitation of siderite, discussed and compared with different laws proposed in the literature, is implemented in these models. The results obtained by simulating the growth of a conductive CPL are consistent with some experimental feedbacks, showing firstly a period of active corrosion followed by a pseudo-passive period during which the corrosion rate is significantly decreased resulting from the coverage of the metal surface by the CPL
Li, Zheng. "Paramètres contrôlant la précipitation et la dissolution de la phase CuAl2 du cuivre dans les alliages d'aluminium de type 319 et leurs influences sur la performance." Thèse, 2003. http://constellation.uqac.ca/787/1/17610578.pdf.
Full textRenard, Francois. "La déformation mécano-chimique dans la croûte supérieure terrestre . Exemples de processus couplés et de systèmes auto-organisés." Phd thesis, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00498542.
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