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Journal articles on the topic 'Processing of wool'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Siegel, Carolin, Christian Korn, Sebastian Siwek, and André Wagenführ. "Technical wood wool for composites." Technologies for Lightweight Structures (TLS) 6, no. 1 (June 21, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21935/tls.v6i1.185.

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Due to its very good mechanical properties at low density, wood is a high potential and sustainable raw material for composite applications. Wood as small particles are commonly processed with polymers to Wood-Polymer-Composites (WPC). Thereby, the inherent strength of the wood is not used to its full potential. In order to transfer the strength properties of solid wood with good shaping properties to composite, wood wool properties were studied. Wood wool is a well-known raw material in the wood-processing industry and is mainly used for packaging, animal bedding and insulation boards [1, 2]. The use of wood wool as a flexible, formable reinforcement for polymer composites is not known so far. Therefore industrial wood wool and developed experimental wood wool are investigated and evaluated for their suitability as fibre reinforcement for composites. The mechanical properties, in particular the tensile strength, are the relevant factors.

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2

Hassan, Mohammad Mahbubul, and Jian Zhong Shao. "Chemical Processing of Wool: Sustainability Considerations." Key Engineering Materials 671 (November 2015): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.671.32.

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Raw wool fibers contain fat, suint, plant material and minerals. It is necessary to remove these from wool by scouring with a combination of detergents, wetting agents and emulsifiers before further processing. Dyeing and finishing of wool fibers is necessary for their application in apparel and also in interior, automotive, smart and technical textiles. Some of the detergents and auxiliaries used in scouring are eco-toxic and some of them are endocrine disruptors. In many countries, wool scouring and dyeing effluents cannot be discharged to watercourses without further treatment by removing color and toxic components. Wool fibers can be given chemical treatments to make them stain-resistant, flame retardant, shrink-resistant, photo-stable and resistant to insect attack. Some of the chemicals under current practice to achieve these functionalities in wool are not eco-friendly and their discharge to water course is limited to the consent limit set by environment agencies. Environmental impact assessment of raw wool production is well studied but to our knowledge no comprehensive study has been carried out around the environmental impact of chemical processing of wool. Like those of other fiber types, the wool textile industries are under intense consumer as well as stakeholder scrutiny. Accreditation schemes now exist to provide reassurance to modern consumers, who want to see that not only are the marketed products safe but also that they are processed sustainably under ethically and environmentally acceptable conditions. Several alternatives to improve the environmental credentials of various chemical processes used for wool will be discussed.

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3

Stobart, Robert H., N. Gott, and C. F. Parker. "Processing Characteristics of Polypay Wool." Journal of Animal Science 63, no. 3 (September 1, 1986): 692–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas1986.633692x.

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4

Nani, J. M., and R. S. Jeyendran. "SPERM PROCESSING: GLASS WOOL COLUMN FILTRATION." Archives of Andrology 47, no. 1 (January 2001): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01485010152103964.

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5

McPhee, J. R., and T. Shawf. "The Chemical Technology of Wool Processing." Review of Progress in Coloration and Related Topics 14, no. 1 (October 23, 2008): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1984.tb00045.x.

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6

Jia, Ji Ru, Jin Bo Yao, Jian Yong Liu, and Yan Bo Liu. "Application of Dissolved Wool Keratin in Anti-Pilling Processing." Key Engineering Materials 671 (November 2015): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.671.53.

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In the current study, a novel wool dissolving system based on NaHSO3, azone and LKZ-610 (Trisubstituted organic phosphorus, an anti-shrink finishing agent for wool and cashmere) was prepared and employed to process wool fibers into keratin solution at 90°C for 7 hrs, where 65g wool fibers, 30g NaHSO3 and 5g azone were dissolved in 1L LKZ-610, resulting in high molecular weight keratin solution. The anti-pilling rating reached at Grade 4.5 with good hand when the cashmere fabric was treated for 50min at 50°C in the previously prepared wool keratin solution under the condition of 1:20 bath ratio, 8% owf keratin solution and 5% owf LKZ-610.

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7

Xakimov, Sherkul, and Robiya Tuguzbaeva. "RAW WOOL PREPARATION IN UZBEKISTAN." Technical Sciences 4, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9696-2021-1-4.

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The article provides information on the properties of wool harvested in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The natural properties of wool, its thickness and length are analyzed. The article describes the process of dividing raw wool into classes and grades when sending wool from processing enterprises to primary processing enterprises. The classification of woolen raw materialsby classes and varieties is given. The main supplier of raw materials for the wool industry is animal husbandry. Uzbekistan has a number of opportunities, geographic and economic factors for the development of this industry. On the basis of organizing the processing of wool fiber, it will be possible to create new jobs

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8

Tandon, Surinder. "Inter-fibre Cohesion Behaviour of New Zealand Wools." Research Journal of Textile and Apparel 19, no. 3 (August 1, 2015): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rjta-19-03-2015-b003.

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Inter-fibre cohesion is regarded as an important property of assemblies, such as slivers, made of wool or any other fibres, with respect to the processing in carding, drawing (gilling) and spinning. In this paper, the results of the multiple regression analyses, and their validation, are presented to show that a strong relationship exists between the sliver cohesion (measured as sliver tenacity and sliver specific energy-to-break in a long-gauge tensile test) and a combination of the standard wool properties, such as bulk, mean fibre length (Barbe), mean fibre diameter and medullation content, used for the objective blend specification of New Zealand wools for marketing and processing.

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9

Walls, G. W. "Processing of Greasy Merino Wools Compressed to Very High Densities." Textile Research Journal 58, no. 4 (April 1988): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051758805800402.

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Ten greasy Merino wools were compressed to densities over 1250 kg/m3, stored at about 900 kg/m3 for up to 28 months, and processed to top. Compared with control lots, there was the same hauteur, the same or less noil, and an apparently greater top and noil yield. One compressed, long, coarse crossbred wool gave more noil and top with the lower hauteur.

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10

Ji, Yi Ping, Rui Wang, and Xiu Ming Jiang. "Continuous Processing Technology of Wool Slenderizing Integrated with Biologic Enzyme Modification." Advanced Materials Research 298 (July 2011): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.298.117.

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The continuous processing technology of wool slenderizing integrated with biologic enzyme modification is introduced in this paper. Fiber fineness is obviously reduced by this technology, at the same time, wool scales are efficiently removed. Thus, wool quality is also largely enhanced. This provides favorable raw materials for the development of high added value products.

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11

RICHARDSON, BOB, and JOHN O'CONNOR. "THE PROSPECTS FOR FURTHER PROCESSING OF WOOL." Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy 9, no. 1 (March 1990): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-3441.1990.tb00593.x.

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12

Cottle, D. J., and W. Zhao. "Changes in Wool Colour. Part III: Processing." Journal of the Textile Institute 89, no. 1 (January 1998): 26–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405009808658595.

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13

BATEUP, BO, and JR EDWARDS. "Processing of wool contaminated with dermatophilosis scab." Australian Veterinary Journal 67, no. 4 (April 1990): 154–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1990.tb07742.x.

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14

Guzel, Bilgehan, and Aydin Akgerman. "Mordant dyeing of wool by supercritical processing." Journal of Supercritical Fluids 18, no. 3 (October 2000): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0896-8446(00)00065-6.

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15

Mukhopadhyay, Arup Ranjan. "Determining conducive processing conditions for wool fibres." Total Quality Management & Business Excellence 14, no. 7 (September 2003): 811–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1478336032000091021.

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16

Mizikovsky, I. E., and D. V. Lidzhi-Goryaev. "THE CONCEPT OF AN ELECTRONIC TRADING PLATFORM FOR MANAGING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF WOOL PROCESSING." Intelligence. Innovations. Investment, no. 6 (2020): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2020-6-61.

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The relevance of the research is that in Russia there is a problem of underdevelopment of the system of purchasing wool and its processed products at all levels of the value chain. The purpose of the research is to develop a concept for creating a specialized electronic trading platform that allows organizing inter-industry interaction in the field of wool processing based on the principles of auction trade, excluding unnecessary intermediary links. The paper proposes the creation of a specialized electronic trading platform (exchange), specializing in the purchase and sale of wool and its products by analogy with the world’s leading (Australian, New Zealand and Chinese-countries that are world leaders in the production and processing of wool) wool exchanges. The differences between the author’s recommendations and those that are known and tested in the world practice are that the key participant of the exchange is the state national wool certification body, which creates the main condition for exchange trading — high-quality classification and batch standardization of wool. An electronic exchange that includes trading, settlement (guarantee) and payment systems must be an official trading platform licensed by the state as a professional Institute of the financial market; its main task is to facilitate market transactions between buyers and sellers of wool by overcoming information asymmetry for the parties to transactions. The difference between the proposed concept is that digital technologies and tools are used in exchange trading of wool: QR-coding of wool batches, the use of smart contracts, distributed registries (blockchain). The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time in the Russian market, the concept of organizing electronic exchange trade in wool using innovative digital technologies and tools (QR-coding, smart contracts, blockchain), where, along with buyers-processors of wool and sellers — producers of wool, there is a mandatory participant — the state national certification body, which organizes the certification process of exchange batches of wool. In practical terms, the author’s proposals allow us to: streamline the domestic wool market; organize certified wool trade both in accordance with the best world practices and in accordance with m

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17

Preston, J. W. V., S. Hatcher, and B. A. McGregor. "Fabric and greasy wool handle, their importance to the Australian wool industry: a review." Animal Production Science 56, no. 1 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14777.

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Handle-related properties of woollen fabrics have been demonstrated to be major factors affecting consumer buying attitudes. Handle is the combination of both textural and compressional attributes. Compressional handle has demonstrated processing advantages in woven and knitted fabrics. The handle of processing lots can be manipulated using a variety of technologies but direct manipulation of textural greasy wool handle pre-processing is still crude. On-farm, there is documented evidence that including handle assessment in a selection index provides additional improvements in genetic gain. However, the assessment of greasy wool handle is based on a tactile evaluation of the wool staple by sheep and wool classers, and its application is affected by a lack of framework that instructs assessors on a standard method of assessment. Once a reliable and repeatable protocol is developed, further understanding of the effect greasy wool handle has on final garment quality will be possible.

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18

Gillespie, Gary D., Oyinlola Dada, and Kevin P. McDonnell. "The Potential for Hydrolysed Sheep Wool as a Sustainable Source of Fertiliser for Irish Agriculture." Sustainability 14, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010365.

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Suppressed wool prices in Ireland over the last number of years has led to situations where the cost of shearing animals is greater than the wools’ value, leading to net losses per animal for farmers. Populations of sheep in Ireland and nutrient values of wool from literature sources were used to determine the quantity of nutrients that could be produced on an annual basis using hydrolysis techniques. Results of this study suggest that up to 15.8% of the nitrogen required to produce Ireland’s cereal crops can be met annually using hydrolysed sheep wool in an economically feasible manner along with considerable amounts of sulphur, zinc, and copper. Most of the cost associated with the process is the purchasing of wool from farmers at an economically favourable level for farmers. Based on the spatial distribution of these animals, the town of Athlone is the most suitable location for a processing facility.

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19

Ismoyilov Furkat Barotovich and Sattarova Nodira Nasilloevna. "New loosening wool machines." International Journal on Integrated Education 3, no. 11 (November 16, 2020): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i11.849.

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The types and principles of loosening machines operating at enterprises of primary wool processing are analyzed. Defects of opening machines and their effect on the product are explained. The design and operating principle of a new spraying machine for preparing high-quality products are proposed.

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20

Wang, He, Sylvain Couture, and Jérôme Bédard. "Watersaving Cleaning Processing of Sheep Wool and Eco-friendly Extraction of Lanolin." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1048, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1048/1/012004.

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Abstract Sheep wool, an important natural raw material for textile industry. This article propose a watersaving sheep wool cleaning processing. For each kilogram of wool, containing about 35% impurities, the water loss in washing is as low as 2.5 liters. Wool washing sewage with high content of COD (chemical oxygen demand), up to 20-30 g/L, is treated by neutral detergent and then a solid hydroxide (Calcium Hydroxide or Alum) with cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) in order to have a fast flocculation of solid waste. The COD content in wastewater can be as low as 352 mg/L. On the other hand, solid matter contains a large amount of high-value chemical oils, collectively known as lanolin, by extraction of solid matter in hot alcoholic solution (85% Ethanol,15% methanol) at 60 degrees Celsius. About 40 g of lanolin crude product is obtained.

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21

Takagishi, Toru, and Naoko Nagashima. "Eco-Friendly Textile Processing : Shrink Proofing of Wool." Sen'i Gakkaishi 68, no. 9 (2012): P_256—P_260. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.68.p_256.

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22

EDWARDS, J. R. "Sale and processing of wool affected with dermatophilosis." Australian Veterinary Journal 62, no. 5 (May 1985): 173–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1985.tb07284.x.

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23

Khаmraeva, Sanovar, Dilfuza Giyasova, and Dilfuza Kazakova. "Processing of local wool fiber and technology of obtaining threads of mixed composition." Modern Innovations, Systems and Technologies 2, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.47813/2782-2818-2022-2-1-83-93.

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This article demonstrates the use of natural products, such as cotton stalk powder and laundry soap, in the processing of sheep's wool grown in Uzbekistan, which soften the sheep's wool and facilitate its blending with other fibers. At the same time, detailed information is provided that the local sheep wool fiber belongs to the group of coarse wool fibers, from which it is not suitable for the production of textile threads of medium linear density. There are scientifically substantiated results on the smoothness and breaking load of composite yarns in the spinning process, the tendency to elongation violates the requirements for composite yarns, the production of clothing fabrics. It is noted that the widespread use of research results in production allows expanding the range, increasing the production of competitive products and increasing export potential.

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24

Wang, Le, Jin Bo Yao, Jian Yong Liu, and Yan Bo Liu. "Study on Rapid Wool Shrinkproof Method Based on Protease Treatment." Key Engineering Materials 671 (November 2015): 324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.671.324.

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In the current work, the objective of shrinkproof wool was rapidly achieved via the synergetic effect between a protease and its bioenzyme activator, dramatically increasing the reaction rate of protease to wool cuticles. Optimal shrinkproof effect was obtained after the wool fiber sample was processed in the enzymatic solution for 3min at 50°C under the optimized treating condition, i.e, the concentrations of protease and enzyme activator were 1.3g/L and 2.5g/L respectively, with the wet pickup ratio of 130%, the resultant wool sample maintained 82% and 80% of its control sample in terms of tenacity and extension @ break, respectively, which meets the requirements for subsequent processing and applications. Further large-scale protease treatment to wool yarns was performed and the test result for shrinkage rate was-3.01% based on the shrinkproof standard test method of IWS TM31(5A×5), indicating satisfactory wool shrinkproof effect at rapid processing rate (7m/min).

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25

Xu, Tong Hong, Ping Gu, and Hong Sun. "Principal Component Analysis of Processing Properties of Light Wool Fabrics." Advanced Materials Research 175-176 (January 2011): 539–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.175-176.539.

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In order to compare the difference of processing properties between domestic and abroad light wool fabrics, the paper selects 35 kinds of light worsted fabrics by using FAST testing machine and principal component analysis to make a comprehensive evaluation. The results indicate that processing properties of domestic and abroad light wool fabrics can be represented by using seven principal component indexs, such as formability, hygral expansion, thickness, relaxation shrinkage.

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26

Yao, Mu, Mei Yu Chen, Run Jun Sun, Zhao Huan Zhang, Cheng Kun Liu, and Li Qiao Li. "Resource of Wool Fibers and Development Trend of Wool Product." Key Engineering Materials 671 (November 2015): 483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.671.483.

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A wide variety of new wool fiber materials, such as super-fine sheep wool with the average diameter of about 11 μm, rabbit wool of long-hair rabbit, Wusuli raccoon dog wool, and vicuna wool, were developed except for sheep wool and cashmere in the wool textile industry. Tibetan antelope wool was not allowed to make a processing and trade, but it may have a development in the future. Meanwhile, other natural and chemical fibers were added as the raw materials in wool textile production because of their new functional requirements including antistativity, antibacterial, deodorant, improvement of strength and abrasion resistance, anti-electromagnetic radiation and improvement of flame retardancy. The raw materials of the wool textile industry have shown a magnificent development.

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27

Hala, Ahmed, Gozde Yurdabak Karaca, Esin Eren, Lutfi Oksuz, Ferhat Bozduman, Melek Kiristi, Ali Ihsan Komur, Ali Gulec, and Aysegul Uygun Oksuz. "Surface properties of radio frequency plasma treated wool and denim fabrics." Research Journal of Textile and Apparel 21, no. 2 (June 5, 2017): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rjta-02-2016-0003.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effects of hydrochloric acid (HCl), hydrazine, methyl methacrylate, styrene and hexamethyldisiloxane by radio-frequency (rf) plasma graftings on surface properties of wool and denim fabrics. Design/methodology/approach During plasma treatments, processing time was varied under optimized plasma conditions (50 W, rf: 13.56 MHz). All fabrics were comprehensively investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and contact angle measurements. Findings The experimental data shows that the rf-plasma processing has important effect on the wettability properties of wool and denim fabrics. The results indicated that HCl plasma treatment significantly improves the hydrophilicity of wool and denim fabrics. Originality/value The research on wool and denim fabric treatment by plasma is original.

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28

Yuan, Mengli, Qiang Wang, Jinsong Shen, Edward Smith, Rubing Bai, and Xuerong Fan. "Enzymatic coloration and finishing of wool with laccase and polyethylenimine." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 16 (June 15, 2017): 1834–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517712096.

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Enzymes have been widely used in textile wet processing. The precise reaction specificity of an enzyme has been utilized for specific or targeted textile finishing without causing undesirable fiber damage. Laccases are important enzymes for application in textile processing due to their great versatility and capability of catalyzing the oxidation of a broad range of substrates. The investigation of laccase-catalyzed coloration towards either wool or polyethylenimine was carried out. It is understood that amino groups from wool and polyethylenimine are involved in the formation of polymeric color during laccase catalyzation of catechin and gallic acid. The color depth and shrink-resistance of wool can be improved significantly by incorporating a multi-primary amine compound, such as polyethylenimine, and a crosslinking agent, such as glycerol diglycidyl ether, in the enzymatic coloration process of wool. This demonstrated the potential to achieve combined coloration and shrink-resistant finishing for wool fabrics.

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29

Negri, Andrew P., Hugh J. Cornell, and Donald E. Rivett. "Effects of Processing on the Bound and Free Fatty Acid Levels in Wool." Textile Research Journal 62, no. 7 (July 1992): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759206200703.

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Bound and free fatty acids in degreased wool fibers were affected to varying degrees by processing treatments. Scouring and dyeing both removed significant amounts of bound and free fatty acids from wool. Free fatty acids were reduced by dissolution into the treatment liquor, whereas bound fatty acids were hydrolyzed under the hot aqueous conditions. Chlorination at pH levels below 3 released over 50% of the bound fatty acids. Chlorine treatments cleave only thioesters but not oxygen esters or amides under these conditions, indicating that a significant proportion of the bound fatty acid is linked to wool by a thio ester bond.

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30

Khoso, A. N., H. Memon, M. Hussain, A. N. Sanbhal, and A. Z. Abro. "Production and Characterization of Wool and Hair Fibers in Highlands of Baluchistan, an Economic and Sustainable Approach for Pakistan." Key Engineering Materials 671 (November 2015): 473–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.671.473.

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Livestock provides the motive power sustaining the life of local population and small scale industries in Pakistan. Obtaining meat and milk from sheep for the human consumption and by-products such as skins, wool, hair for local use and plays key role for the economical stability and growth of the country. There is massive amount of wool sheared by local peoples in Baluchistan but due to lack of education and technical knowledge regarding the wool shearing have remained as major issue. Shearing is made on annual or biannually, but even needs certain expertise and professionalism in the sorting of wool. The textile industry of country has greater challenge for last few decades. Government needs to upgrade vocational and technical education as well as the new equipments and machinery for wool processing in the region. Several initiatives are also being carried by small and medium enterprise for the economical uplift of region particularly and country in general. Mostly obtained wool from various regions remained as major issue for its sorting and processing for finished textiles.

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31

Guo, Wei, Shi Hai Zhao, and Xian Bao Wang. "An Image-Based Processing of Wool Fiber Fineness Improved Measurement Methods." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 4223–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.4223.

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Firstly, the development of a general image processing program , and the image processing program , select a certain number of wool fibers MATLAB2010 SEM images of image processing software platform programming experiment to achieve clear image contains a description of the fiber diameter index , and based on the processed in previous studies, the diameter of the image measurement method based on the improved measurement methods and a detailed description of the experiment show that the method can greatly improve the recognition accuracy of wool fibers .

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32

Manich, Albert M., Rui Miguel, Manuel José dos Santos Silva, Jose Lucas, Meritxell Martí, and Diana Cayuela. "Effect of processing and wearing on viscoelastic modeling of polylactide/wool and polyester/wool woven fabrics subjected to bursting." Textile Research Journal 84, no. 18 (April 17, 2014): 1961–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517514530034.

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Polyester fibers (PET) are greatly used in textiles but depend on fossil fuel resources. Poly-(lactic acid) (PLA) is an aliphatic polyester that can be derived from 100% renewable resources. The load–extension plot of a polylactide fiber seems to be especially compatible with that of wool. Consequently polyester/wool 55/45 and polylactide/wool 55/45 yarns were spun using the Sirospun process and plain and twill woven fabrics were industrially produced. Washed and heat set fabrics were subjected to a conventional process of dyeing and decatizing. Fabrics were gradually worn by abrasion using a Martindale wear and abrasion tester. Using the bursting strength test, the viscoelastic behavior of the fabrics when multidirectional extended was simulated and modeled using a modified non-linear Maxwell model. The three steps of fiber decrimping and orientation, fiber stretching and maximum yield and breaking were analyzed. PET/wool fabrics show a more linear behavior than PLA/wool ones and the influence of weave, finishing and wearing on the viscoelastic behavior of PLA/wool fabrics were highly relevant when compared with that on PET/wool ones. It seems that when blended with PET, wool develops its felting effect during finishing and wearing, while when blended with PLA, the felting effect of wool is hardly developed due to the lower resistance of PLA to hydrolysis and its lower thermal stability. PLA fiber properties need to be improved probably through the development of new L-D lactide (PLDLA) copolymers of different ratios between components and molecular weights to reach the optimal desirable properties for the fiber.

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33

Watanabe, Akira, Shi-Nya Kurosaki, Fujio Konda, and Yoshiro Nishimura. "Analysis of Blend Irregularity in Yarns Using Image Processing: Part II: Applying the System to Actual Blended Yarns." Textile Research Journal 62, no. 12 (December 1992): 729–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759206201205.

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Image processing has been applied to actual blended yarns made from wool/wool and wool/mohair, and the blend state (fiber arrangement) of the yarns analyzed. Yarn about 4 mm long (310 pixels) was processed in each image. The projected area of white and black fibers on the yarn surfaces, the blend ratios, and the sizes of clusters were determined. Further, when several scores of yarn images laid in a row were put into the system, blend irregularity curves could be obtained. From these curves, variance-length curves of blend irregularity were calculated, and a total variance, average values, etc., were determined. The analysis showed that the wool/wool yarn was well blended compared with the wool/mohair, because the former was smaller in blend ratio variance than the latter, was also smaller in cluster size and its variance, and further was smaller in the total variance of the variance-length curve for blend irregularity. With this system, such differences in the blend state of an actual blended yarn, which can hardly be distinguished with the naked eye, can be estimated.

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34

Baptista, Catarina, Gabriela Martins, Cyril Santos, Artur Mateus, and Filipe Antunes. "Microstructure of Thermoplastic Composites Reinforced with Wool and Wood." Applied Mechanics and Materials 890 (April 2019): 98–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.890.98.

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In the last decades the studies on thermoplastic composites reinforced with natural fibres have been mostly focused on vegetable lignocellulosic or cellulosic fibres. These materials provide eco-sustainable solutions for a large range of applications and have been actually adopted by multiple industries. The interest on fibres of animal origin is more recent and research on composites reinforced with these fibres predominantly composed of keratin, such as wool, feathers or silk, is increasing in virtue of some advantageous properties that may overcome some of the intrinsic limitations from vegetable fibres. The combined use of vegetable and animal fibres in composites appropriate for melt blending processing is at early stages of research. After chemical treatments, the fibres of animal origin have been mostly applied as binders between vegetable fibres and polymers, not as main constituents of these composites. The use of both types of fibres simultaneously in composites of thermoplastic matrices is the subject of the present study wherein the fibres of animal origin (wool) are different kinds of residues from a textile industry and the fibres of vegetable origin (wood) are residues from carpentry activities. The chemical composition, the macro and microstructure of the fibres is analyzed, as well as that of composites that combine non-biodegradable and biodegradable polymers with diverse ratios of fibres in different conditions (wool as cards, yarns and felt cloths; wood as sawdust). The addition of coupling agents to enhance the compatibility between wool, wood and different polymers is also analysed.

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35

Cottle, David, and Euan Fleming. "Do price premiums for wool characteristics vary for different end products, processing routes and fibre diameter categories?" Animal Production Science 56, no. 12 (2016): 2146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14744.

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No Australian wool price hedonic studies have separated auction data into different end product-processing groups (PPR) on the basis of all fibre attributes that affect the suitability of wool sale lots for PPR. This study was conducted to assess: (1) whether including information about PPR groupings is more useful in understanding price than clustering by broad fibre diameter (FD) categories, and (2) if the ‘noise’ of macroeconomic effects on price can be reduced by using a clean price relative to the market indicator (RelPrice) formula or a log RelPrice formula compared with log price or clean price. Hedonic models using data derived from 369 918 Australian auction sale lots in 2010–2011 were estimated for these four dependent price variables. Linear FD models predicted less of price’s variance than quadratic or exponential models. Segmenting wool sale lots into 10 PPR before wool price analyses was found to increase the proportion of price variance explained and thus be worthwhile. The change in price with a change in FD, staple length and staple strength differs significantly between PPR. Calculating RelPrice or log RelPrice appears a better price parameter than clean price or log price. Comparing the RelPrice and clean price models, the mean absolute percentage errors were 6.3% and 16.2%, respectively. The differences in price sensitivity to FD, staple length and staple strength across PPR implies a complex set of price-setting mechanisms for wool as different users place different values on these wool properties. These price-setting mechanisms need to be incorporated in hedonic models for agricultural products that possess this characteristic. The wool price premiums can be used to estimate relative economic values when constructing sheep breeding selection indexes and can help determine the most profitable wool clip preparation strategies.

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Bacci, Laura, Francesca Camilli, Sara Di Lonardo, Pierpaolo Duce, Enrico Vagnoni, and Antonio Mauro. "Neglected Wools: Fundamental Steps to Counteract the Loss of Potentially Valuable Materials Derived from Native Sheep Breeds." Conference Papers in Materials Science 2013 (October 22, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/402372.

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In order to enhance the textile value of Italian native and local wools, research projects were carried out by starting mapping wools from some Italian sheep breeds through a preliminary morphological characterization of wool fibres. Furthermore, textile processing procedures differing from the commonly used woolling techniques have been set up. The results have shown that, at national level, native and local wools, beyond being more widely employed in the carpets production, could be also used in the higher added value sector of clothing and fashion.

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37

Zhao, Qi Cai, Xu Liang Zhao, Zhi Hua Cui, and Wei Guo Chen. "The Dissolution of Wool in Alkali Solution and the Changes of Fiber Structure and Performance." Key Engineering Materials 671 (November 2015): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.671.95.

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The dissolution of wool in 4g/L NaOH solution at 65°C is used to be a standard test method for the damage of wool in the processing. This suggests that alkali can cause wool keratin and the linkage between molecule chains broken. Fortunately, the dissolution of wool at low temperature is mainly limited on the surface scales because the swelling of wool in water solution at lower temperature is quite small. In this paper, the dissolution of wool in alkali solution and the changes of the fiber structure and performance at different temperature were investigated. The results showed clearly that the wool surface keratin could be dissolved in different extent with the varying of the temperature and this could be applied to develop an AOX free modification of wool for shrinkage resistance.

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38

Okamura, Masaaki, Noriyuki Mano, Hidetada Ichikawa, and Ali Akbar Merati. "Measurement of Cleanliness in Wool Sliver by Image Processing." Journal of Textile Engineering 46, no. 3 (2000): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4188/jte.46.77.

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39

Kott, R. W., R. H. Stobart, C. M. Hoaglund, C. L. Johnson, B. A. Cameron, and V. M. Thomas. "Effects of skirting on processing characteristics of Targhee wool." Journal of Animal Science 70, no. 3 (March 1, 1992): 640–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/1992.703640x.

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40

Brack, N., R. N. Lamb, D. Pham, T. Phillips, and P. Turner. "Effect of Physical Processing on the Wool Fiber Surface." Textile Research Journal 71, no. 10 (October 2001): 911–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051750107101010.

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41

Spinks, Murray, and Carola Lehmer. "AN ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF ADDITIONAL MEASUREMENT IN WOOL PROCESSING." Australian Journal of Agricultural Economics 30, no. 2-3 (August 12, 1986): 162–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8489.1986.tb00664.x.

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42

Nishimatsu, Toyonori, Hiroyuki Ashiki, Yoshiyuki Ikehata, Sadamu Sekiguchi, Eiji Toba, and Tomihisa Ishij. "Estimation of Wool Yarn Counting by Digital Image Processing." Sen'i Gakkaishi 52, no. 10 (1996): 553–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.52.10_553.

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43

Madeley, Tony, Ron Postle, and Trevor Mahar. "Physical Properties and Processing of Fine Merino Lamb's Wool." Textile Research Journal 68, no. 8 (August 1998): 545–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759806800801.

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44

Madeley, Tony, Ron Postle, and Trevor Mahar. "Physical Properties and Processing of Fine Merino Lamb's Wool." Textile Research Journal 68, no. 9 (September 1998): 663–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759806800907.

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45

Madeley, Tony, and Ron Postle. "Physical Properties and Processing of Fine Merino Lamb's Wool." Textile Research Journal 69, no. 8 (August 1999): 576–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759906900806.

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46

Salatino, Piero, Almerinda Di Benedetto, Riccardo Chirone, Ernesto Salzano, and Roberto Sanchirico. "Analysis of an Explosion in a Wool-Processing Plant." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 51, no. 22 (March 13, 2012): 7713–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie2023614.

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47

Thompson, Trevor, and Donald V. Belsito. "Allergic contact dermatitis from a diisocyanate in wool processing." Contact Dermatitis 37, no. 5 (November 1997): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1997.tb02446.x.

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48

Ji, Yi Ping, Rui Wang, and Xiu Ming Jiang. "Development of Blended Yarns of Slenderized Wool and Mercerized Cotton." Advanced Materials Research 298 (July 2011): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.298.108.

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The self-developed processing technology of slenderized wool and mercerized sliver, fiber performances and technology of blended yarns were introduced. High quality natural fiber blended yarns were obtained through blended spinning of secant slenderized wool and mercerized cotton under certain proportion.

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49

Min, B. R., W. C. McNabb, P. D. Kemp, and T. N. Barry. "Effect of condensed tannins on the production of wool and on its processing characteristics in sheep grazing Lotus corniculatus." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49, no. 4 (1998): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a97140.

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The effect of condensed tannins (CT) in Lotus corniculatus upon voluntary feed intake (VFI), concentration of rumen and plasma metabolites, production of wool, and wool processing characteristics was measured in grazing ewes restricted to maintenance feeding for 125 days during summer. A rotational grazing system with restricted feed allowance with 40 mixed aged dry ewes (54±1·0 kg) was used. Half of the ewes were selected randomly for twice-daily oral polyethylene glycol (PEG; MW 3500) supplementation (CT-inactivated), with the remainder being CT-acting animals. Measurements of the diet selected, VFI, wool production, and wool processing characteristics were made. The concentration of ammonia in rumen fluid and the concentrations of methionine, cysteine, and urea in blood plasma were also measured. The diet selected contained 32 g total nitrogen (N) and 28 g total CT/kg dry matter (DM) and had an in vitro organic matter digestibility of 0·70. Action of CT reduced rumen ammonia concentration (256 v. 302 mg N/L), reduced blood plasma urea concentration (7·3 v. 8·9 µM), and increased blood plasma cysteine concentration (30 v. 27 µM) compared with sheep receiving PEG supplementation. CT had no effect on VFI but increased clean fleece weight (2·53 v. 2·28 kg/ewe) and staple length (7·7 v. 6·9 cm), but did not affect liveweight gain (54 v 67 g/day). The CT reduced dag weight and tended to reduce wool yellowness relative to sheep receiving PEG. There were no signifiant effects of CT on fibre diameter, staple strength, bulk density, and wool resilience. It was concluded that action of CT in sheep fed L. corniculatus reduced the degradation of forage protein in the rumen and the principal effect of this was to increase the efficiency of wool production, with more wool being produced at the same feed intake and the wool being of reduced yellowness.

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Whiteley, K. J. "The Mather Lecture Quality Control in the Processing of Wool and the Performance of Wool Textiles." Journal of the Textile Institute 79, no. 3 (January 1988): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00405008808658270.

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