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Academic literature on the topic 'Processing Impairment'

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Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Processing Impairment"

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Bishop, D. V. M., R. P. Carlyon, J. M. Deeks, and S. J. Bishop. "Auditory Temporal Processing Impairment." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 42, no. 6 (December 1999): 1295–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4206.1295.

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Miner, Tori, and Adam Buchwald. "Distinguishing Morphological Processing Impairment from Phonological Impairment in Aphasia." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 23 (2011): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.09.171.

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Pereira, Diana Nakamura, Wellington da Cruz Souza, Ariella Fornachari Ribeiro Belan, Marina von Zuben de Arruda Camargo, Orestes Vicente Forlenza, and Marcia Radanovic. "Sentence processing in mild cognitive impairment." Journal of Neurolinguistics 63 (August 2022): 101070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2022.101070.

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Jentschke, Sebastian, Stefan Koelsch, Stephan Sallat, and Angela D. Friederici. "Children with Specific Language Impairment Also Show Impairment of Music-syntactic Processing." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 20, no. 11 (November 2008): 1940–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.20135.

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Both language and music consist of sequences that are structured according to syntactic regularities. We used two specific event-related brain potential (ERP) components to investigate music-syntactic processing in children: the ERAN (early right anterior negativity) and the N5. The neural resources underlying these processes have been posited to overlap with those involved in the processing of linguistic syntax. Thus, we expected children with specific language impairment (SLI, which is characterized by deficient processing of linguistic syntax) to demonstrate difficulties with music-syntactic processing. Such difficulties were indeed observed in the neural correlates of music-syntactic processing: neither an ERAN nor an N5 was elicited in children with SLI, whereas both components were evoked in age-matched control children with typical language development. Moreover, the amplitudes of ERAN and N5 were correlated with subtests of a language development test. These data provide evidence for a strong interrelation between the language and the music processing system, thereby setting the ground for possible effects of musical training in SLI therapy.
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Mollon, Josephine, Samuel R. Mathias, Emma E. M. Knowles, Amanda Rodrigue, Marinka M. G. Koenis, Godfrey D. Pearlson, Abraham Reichenberg, et al. "Cognitive impairment from early to middle adulthood in patients with affective and nonaffective psychotic disorders." Psychological Medicine 50, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291718003938.

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AbstractBackgroundCognitive impairment is a core feature of psychotic disorders, but the profile of impairment across adulthood, particularly in African-American populations, remains unclear.MethodsUsing cross-sectional data from a case–control study of African-American adults with affective (n = 59) and nonaffective (n = 68) psychotic disorders, we examined cognitive functioning between early and middle adulthood (ages 20–60) on measures of general cognitive ability, language, abstract reasoning, processing speed, executive function, verbal memory, and working memory.ResultsBoth affective and nonaffective psychosis patients showed substantial and widespread cognitive impairments. However, comparison of cognitive functioning between controls and psychosis groups throughout early (ages 20–40) and middle (ages 40–60) adulthood also revealed age-associated group differences. During early adulthood, the nonaffective psychosis group showed increasing impairments with age on measures of general cognitive ability and executive function, while the affective psychosis group showed increasing impairment on a measure of language ability. Impairments on other cognitive measures remained mostly stable, although decreasing impairments on measures of processing speed, memory and working memory were also observed.ConclusionsThese findings suggest similarities, but also differences in the profile of cognitive dysfunction in adults with affective and nonaffective psychotic disorders. Both affective and nonaffective patients showed substantial and relatively stable impairments across adulthood. The nonaffective group also showed increasing impairments with age in general and executive functions, and the affective group showed an increasing impairment in verbal functions, possibly suggesting different underlying etiopathogenic mechanisms.
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Leekam, Susan. "Social cognitive impairment and autism: what are we trying to explain?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1686 (January 19, 2016): 20150082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0082.

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Early psychological theories of autism explained the clinical features of this condition in terms of perceptual and sensory processing impairments. The arrival of domain-specific social cognitive theories changed this focus, postulating a ‘primary’ and specific psychological impairment of social cognition. Across the years, evidence has been growing in support of social cognitive and social attention explanations in autism. However, there has also been evidence for general non-social cognitive impairments in representational understanding, attention allocation and sensory processing. Here, I review recent findings and consider the case for the specificity and primacy of the social cognitive impairment, proposing that we should focus more explicitly on clinically valid features for insights on the integration of ‘social’ and ‘non-social’ cognition.
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Rubinsztein, Judy S., Barbara J. Sahakian, and John T. O'Brien. "Understanding and managing cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder in older people." BJPsych Advances 25, no. 3 (February 11, 2019): 150–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bja.2018.74.

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SUMMARYBipolar disorder is less prevalent in older people but accounts for 8–10% of psychiatric admissions. Treating and managing bipolar disorder in older people is challenging because of medical comorbidity. We review the cognitive problems observed in older people, explore why these are important and consider current treatment options. There are very few studies examining the cognitive profiles of older people with bipolar disorder and symptomatic depression and mania, and these show significant impairments in executive function. Most studies have focused on cognitive impairment in euthymic older people: as in euthymic adults of working age, significant impairments are observed in tests of attention, memory and executive function/processing speeds. Screening tests are not always helpful in euthymic older people as the impairment can be relatively subtle, and more in-depth neuropsychological testing may be needed to show impairments. Cognitive impairment may be more pronounced in older people with ‘late-onset’ bipolar disorder than in those with ‘early-onset’ disorder. Strategies to address symptomatic cognitive impairment in older people include assertive treatment of the mood disorder, minimising drugs that can adversely affect cognition, optimising physical healthcare and reducing relapse rates.LEARNING OBJECTIVESAfter reading this article you will be able to: •understand that cognitive impairment in euthymic older people with bipolar disorder is similar to that in working-age adults with the disorder, affecting attention, memory and executive function/processing speeds•recognise that cognitive impairment in older people is likely to be a major determinant of functional outcomes•Implement approaches to treat cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder.DECLARATION OF INTERESTB.J.S. consults for Cambridge Cognition, PEAK (www.peak.net) and Mundipharma.
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Palmieri, Arianna, Gianni Sorarù, Carla D'Ascenzo, Silvia Balestreri, Giorgio Arcara, Mario Ermani, Elena Pegoraro, and Carlo Semenza. "Specific numerical processing impairment in ALS patients." Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration 14, no. 1 (September 6, 2012): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17482968.2012.719235.

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Claessen, Mary, Suze Leitão, Robert Kane, and Cori Williams. "Phonological processing skills in specific language impairment." International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 15, no. 5 (January 17, 2013): 471–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17549507.2012.753110.

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Schwartz, Richard G., Arild Hestvik, Liat Seiger-Gardner, and Diana Almodovar. "Processing Binding Relations in Specific Language Impairment." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 59, no. 6 (December 2016): 1384–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2016_jslhr-l-15-0107.

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Purpose This sentence processing experiment examined the abilities of children with specific language impairment (SLI) and children with typical language development (TD) to establish relations between pronouns or reflexives and their antecedents in real time. Method Twenty-two children with SLI and 24 age-matched children with TD (7;3–10;11 [years;months]) participated in a cross-modal picture priming experiment to determine whether they selectively activated the correct referent at the pronoun or reflexive in sentences. Triplets of auditory sentences, identical except for the presence of a pronoun, a reflexive, or a noun phrase along with a picture probe were used. Results The children with TD were slightly more accurate in their animacy judgments of pictures, but the groups exhibited the same reaction time (RT) pattern. Both groups were slower for sentences with pronouns than with reflexives or noun phrases. The children with SLI had longer RTs than their peers with TD. Conclusions Children with SLI activated only the appropriate antecedent at the pronoun or reflexive, reflecting intact core knowledge of binding as was true for their TD peers. The overall slower RT for children with SLI suggests that any deficit may be the result of processing deficits, perhaps attributable to interference effects.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Processing Impairment"

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Hayiou-Thomas, Marianna. "Perceptual and cognitive processing limitations in specific language impairment." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0a3c8903-a93a-4473-9fc5-fe1ef87656c9.

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The experiments presented in this thesis explored the possibility that an underlying cause of specific language impairment (SLI) may be a deficit in perceptual or cognitive information processing. The first three studies tested the hypothesis that children with SLI have impaired perception of the dynamic elements of visual and auditory stimuli, as proposed in the magnocellular hypothesis for developmental dyslexia. The experimental predictions were that a) children with SLI would have poor sensitivity to coherent motion (but not coherent form) stimuli relative to chronological-age matched controls; b) children with SLI would have poorer sensitivity than controls to slow (but not fast) rates of frequency modulation in a tone; c) sensitivity to slow rates of frequency modulation (FM) would correlate with children's performance on a set of tests of phonological skill. Overall, these predictions were not corroborated by the results, and the conclusion drawn from this set of studies is that a magnocellular impairment of the type reported in dyslexia is unlikely to be a causal factor in SLI. The second three studies used a grammaticality judgement task to focus on inflectional morphology, an area of language which poses particularly marked difficulty for many children with SLI. The findings from Study 4 suggested that children's performance on the grammaticality judgement task overall was strongly related to phonological discrimination ability, but was unaffected by the specific inflectional allomorph tested. The final two studies manipulated the information processing load of the grammaticality judgement task, in Study 5 to simulate (successfully) SLI-like performance in a group of typically developing children, and in Study 6 to attempt (unsuccessfully) to improve performance in a group of children with SLI. These results are compatible with the idea that the profile of language difficulties experienced by many children with SLI is due to a processing deficit in the early stages of language acquisition which interrupts the establishment of robust linguistic representations. The nature of this processing deficit is as yet unclear, though the current findings do not support the suggestion of a central auditory impairment. It is possible that a number of distinct deficits, such as poor phonological memory or reduced speed of processing, may produce a broadly similar linguistic profile in different individuals.
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Chen, Wei. "Signal processing for optical performance monitoring and impairment mitigation." Connect to thesis, 2006. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/1713.

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Optical performance monitoring is essential for managing optical networks. One important quantity to monitor is the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR). And in high bit rate fiber optical systems operating at 10 Gb/s or beyond, compensating optical impairments becomes important. In this thesis, we investigate OSNR monitoring using beat noise and present two new OSNR monitoring techniques. We propose an OSNR monitoring technique using uncorrelated beat noise and show by experiment for a 10 Gb/s system that in the OSNR range from 10 dB to 30 dB, the proposed OSNR monitoring scheme has a measurement error of less than 0.5 dB. Then, we propose and experimentally demonstrate for the first time an OSNR monitoring technique using beat noise for optical packet switched networks which performs monitoring on a packet basis. The response time of the OSNR monitor can be around 10 ns and the OSNR measurement error is found to be less than 0.6 dB for OSNR from 10 dB to 30 dB. We also explore chromatic dispersion and polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) mitigation using Viterbi equalization in 10 Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero differential phase-shift keying (NRZ-DPSK) and differential quadrature phase-shift keying (NRZ-DQPSK) systems. We show through simulations that using Viterbi equalizers improves the performance of NRZ-OOK, NRZ-DPSK and NRZ-DQPSK receivers. For NRZ-DQPSK receiver with a Viterbi equalizer, the chromatic dispersion tolerance is about 5048 ps/nm and the PMD tolerance is about 160 ps at 3 dB OSNR penalty.
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Claessen, Mary Elizabeth. "Phonological processing skills in children with specific language impairment." Thesis, Curtin University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/123.

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There is much debate in the literature about the cause, presentation, diagnosis and treatment of specific language impairment (SLI). Research has been hampered by the heterogeneity evident within the diagnostic group as well as a paucity of tasks to measure specific skills and thus increase our understanding of the underlying deficit. One prominent theory is that children with SLI have an underlying deficit with phonological processing skills although the role of phonology in the establishment of accurate, well specified phonological representations is still unclear.This program of research aimed to add to the body of evidence by addressing these key methodological issues and exploring the phonological processing skills of children with SLI. In the initial phase of the research, two silent measures of phonological representations were designed and developed to fill a recognised gap. The Quality of Phonological Representations task aims to explore the accuracy of a child’s stored phonological representation of a multisyllabic word. The Silent Deletion of Phonemes task aims to explore how well specified a stored phonological representation is, and requires a child to perform a silent deletion task on a stored phonological representation.The Quality of Phonological Representations and Silent Deletion Of Phonemes were then used as part of a comprehensive battery of phonological processing measures to explore the phonological processing skills of a well-defined group of children with SLI (n=21), typically developing children matched for age (n=21) and typically developing children matched for receptive language skills (n=21). The task battery also included measures of phonological awareness, short-term and working memory and rapid automatised naming.Children with SLI had generally weaker phonological processing skills than typically developing children matched for age. The profile was more varied when compared to typically developing children matched for language. Despite employing tight selection criteria, there was a wider spread of scores for children with SLI than for typically developing peers. The children with SLI demonstrated weaker performance on both short-term and working memory tasks, as well as a measure of quality of phonological representations.Overall, the children with SLI demonstrated an interesting pattern of phonological processing skills, with particular difficulty observed in phonological and working memory. Children with SLI also evidenced lower quality stored phonological representations of multisyllabic words. Performance on measures of phonological awareness was strong indicating that such skills can be taught, but that improvement in this area does not necessarily improve the quality of the underlying phonological representation.The research provided some support for a specific processing account of SLI. It also highlighted the importance of phonological and working memory in the development of accurate phonological representations.
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Knowles, Emma E. M. "Processing Speed Impairment in Schizophrenia: The Cognitive and Genetic Underpinnings." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.736783.

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Freedman, Carmen Mercedes. "The association between short-term memory impairment and language processing." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309366.

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Moffat, Robert. "Are temporal processing deficits a central feature of language impairment?" Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410208.

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Hoffman, LaVae Marie. "Visual information processing in children with and without language impairment /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Tuomainen, O. T. "Auditory and speech processing in specific language impairment (SLI) and dyslexia." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/19058/.

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This thesis investigates auditory and speech processing in Specific Language Impairment (SLI) and dyslexia. One influential theory of SLI and dyslexia postulates that both SLI and dyslexia stem from similar underlying sensory deficit that impacts speech perception and phonological development leading to oral language and literacy deficits. Previous studies, however, have shown that these underlying sensory deficits exist in only a subgroup of language impaired individuals, and the exact nature of these deficits is still largely unknown. The present thesis investigates three aspects of auditory-phonetic interface: 1) The weighting of acoustic cues to phonetic voicing contrast 2) the preattentive and attentive discrimination of speech and non-linguistic stimuli and 3) the formation of auditory memory traces for speech and non-linguistic stimuli in young adults with SLI and dyslexia. This thesis focuses on looking at both individial and group-level data of auditory and speech processing and their relationship with higher-level language measures. The groups of people with SLI and dyslexia who participated were aged between 14 and 25 and their performance was compared to a group of controls matched on chronological age, IQ, gender and handedness. Investigations revealed a complex pattern of behaviour. The results showed that individuals with SLI or dyslexia are not poor at discriminating sounds (whether speech or non-speech). However, in all experiments, there was more variation and more outliers in the SLI group indicating that auditory deficits may occur in a small subgroup of the SLI population. Moreover, investigations of the exact nature of the input-processing deficit revealed that some individuals with SLI have less categorical representations for speech sounds and that they weight the acoustic cues to phonemic identity differently from controls and dyslexics.
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Robson, Holly. "Investigating the comprehension impairment in Wernicke's aphasia." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/investigating-the-comprehension-impairment-in-wernickesaphasia(ed866bcc-714f-496a-bf1b-1f5681850bb1).html.

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Wernicke’s aphasia (WA), an acquired impairment of language comprehension and word repetition, results from a cerebrovascular accident to the left temporoparietal junction. The disorder has been important to the development of neurobiological models of language, however neuropsychological investigations into the nature of the comprehension impairment have been limited. This thesis presents a series of four experiments, investigating the comprehension impairment in WA. Chapter 3, a behavioural neuropsychological study, investigates existing hypotheses of the comprehension impairment in WA: a phonological breakdown, a semantic breakdown, a dual phonological-semantic breakdown. A case series comparison methodology is utilised. Participants with WA are compared to participants from two other clinical, comprehension impaired groups: semantic dementia and semantic aphasia. Semantic dementia and semantic aphasia provide neuropsychological models of semantic breakdown, affecting semantic representations and semantic control respectively. Individuals with WA showed disrupted non-verbal semantic analysis of a similar magnitude to that in semantic dementia and semantic aphasia and of a qualitatively similar nature to that in semantic aphasia. A significantly greater impairment on assessments which required acoustic-phonological analysis was found for individuals with WA compared to semantic aphasia. Overall a dual breakdown in acoustic-phonological and semantic control best accounted for the comprehension impairment in WA. In Chapter 4, direct evidence was sought for a link between acoustic-phonological non-word analysis and auditory comprehension in WA. A novel test of non-word discrimination was created which was perceptually graded so as to provide a sensitive measure in severely impaired participants. Individuals with WA were significantly impaired at non-word discrimination compared to age and hearing matched control participants who performed at ceiling. The degree of non-word discrimination/acoustic-phonological analysis impairment correlated with auditory comprehension in WA. Chapter 5 investigated the extent to which the established acoustic-phonological impairment in WA was grounded in a more fundamental deficit in non-verbal auditory analysis. The capacity to detect structural changes in non-verbal auditory stimuli was measured. Participants with WA had an impaired capacity to detect differences in all but the most structurally simple auditory stimuli, compared to control participants. The degree of this impairment correlated with the degree of auditory comprehension impairment in the WA group. Chapter 6 revisits the semantic impairment observed in WA. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to investigate the residual neural networks recruited by individuals with WA, when performing a semantic animate-inanimate judgment task. Large portions of the inferior and anterior temporal lobes bilaterally were activated, regions remote from the lesion in WA. Age matched control participants recruited similar regions; however the activation in WA participants was significantly stronger. This indicated greater reliance on the residual semantic network in WA in response to damage to posterior temporoparietal semantic regions. The results from this series of studies indicated that the primary deficit in WA is one of impaired acoustic analysis and co-morbid damage to a phonological system. Additional disruption occurs to the semantic control network, which regulates the task directed use of semantic representations. A combination of all three factors accounts for the comprehension impairment in WA and it is the relative contributions of each factor that accounts for behavioural variation between individuals.
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Easdon, Craig Millar. "Impairment of response inhibition and flexibility, effects of alcohol and information processing." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0011/NQ32828.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Processing Impairment"

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Huang, Xinping. Signal processing for RF circuit impairment mitigation. Boston: Artech House, 2014.

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F, Smoorenburg G., Bosman Arjan J, European Concerted Action Project, and International Workshop of Hearing Impairment and Signal-Processing Hearing Aids (1988 : Wolfheze, Netherlands), eds. Hearing impairment and signal-processing hearing aids II: The European Concerted Action Project. Oslo: Scandinavian University Press, 1993.

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E, Sandlin Robert, ed. Understanding digitally programmable hearing aids. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1994.

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Learning disabilities sourcebook: Basic consumer health information about dyslexia, dyscalculia, dysgraphia, speech and communication disorders, auditory and visual processing disorders, and other conditions that make learning difficult, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, down syndrome and other chromosomal disorders, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, hearing and visual impairment, autism and other pervasive developmental disorders, and traumatic brain Injury; along with facts about diagnosing learning disabilities, early intervention, the special education process, legal protections, assistive technology, and accommodations, and guidelines for life-stage transitions, suggestions for coping with daily challenges, a glossary of related terms, and a directory of additional resources. 4th ed. Detroit, MI: Omnigraphics, 2012.

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Office, General Accounting. Welfare reform: More coordinated federal effort could help states and localities move TANF recipients with impairments toward employment : report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 2001.

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Office, General Accounting. Welfare reform: Former TANF recipients with impairments less likely to be employed and more likely to receive federal supports : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: U.S. General Accounting Office, 2002.

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Brennfleck, Shannon Joyce, ed. Learning disabilities sourcebook: Basic consumer health information about dyslexia, auditory and visual processing disorders, communication disorders, dyscalculia, dysgraphia, and other conditions that impede learning, including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, hearing and visual impairments, chromosome-based disorders, and brain injury; along with facts about brain function, assessment, therapy and remediation, accommodations, assistive technology, legal protections, and tips about family life, school transitions, and employment strategies, a glossary of related terms, and directories of additional resources. 3rd ed. Detroit, MI: Omnigraphics, 2009.

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Maher, Lynn M. Broca’s Aphasia and Grammatical Processing. Edited by Anastasia M. Raymer and Leslie J. Gonzalez Rothi. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199772391.013.9.

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Broca’s aphasia serves as a platform for discussions of the cognitive and neural mechanisms of sentence production and how those systems break down in individuals with damage in left inferior frontal regions beyond Broca’s area, suggesting a role for such regions in syntactic processing. Standardized and nonstandardized diagnostic tools facilitate assessment of comprehension and production of grammatical functions that can be impaired in Broca’s aphasia. Several treatment approaches address impairment in sentence production that emanates across various processes in sentence formulation. The nomenclature surrounding Broca’s aphasia provides a launching pad to guide analysis and intervention for the communication impairments experienced by these individuals.
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Wilshire, Carolyn E. Conduction Aphasia: Impaired Phonological Processing. Edited by Anastasia M. Raymer and Leslie J. Gonzalez Rothi. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199772391.013.8.

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Conduction aphasia is a syndrome characterized by impaired repetition in the context of relatively preserved auditory comprehension and fluent speech. The classical conceptualization of conduction aphasia as a disconnection syndrome has been undermined in recent years. Nevertheless, this diagnosis delineates a small subset of individuals with aphasia who have many common cognitive and anatomical characteristics. Conduction aphasia is associated with damage to a relatively narrow and well-defined group of left hemisphere brain structures, which may include the posterior superior temporal lobe, the inferior parietal lobe, and the insula. According to current cognitive neuropsychological frameworks, an impairment in phonological planning for speech production is the common underlying cognitive dysfunction in the majority of cases, which may sometimes be accompanied by an analogous impairment in receptive phonology. Other common features, such as sentence repetition problems and reduced short-term memory span, may be a secondary consequence of the primary phonological impairment. Current approaches to the treatment of conduction aphasia target the underlying impairment in phonological planning. It is argued that the diagnosis of conduction aphasia can be a useful first step toward understanding a person’s language difficulties and planning effective treatment interventions.
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Hopkins, Ramona O., Maria E. Carlo, and James C. Jackson. Critical Illness and Long-Term Cognitive Impairment. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199398690.003.0003.

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Evidence from dozens of studies of thousands of individuals suggest that as many as half of critical illness survivors experience significant deficits in memory, executive functioning, attention, and processing speed that persist years after discharge from the intensive care unit (ICU). This chapter reviews the prevalence, characteristics, possible mechanisms, and risk factors for long-term cognitive impairment after critical illness. Some key risks factors—notably, delirium—may be modifiable, whereas others, such as genetic markers, are not. Cognitive impairments are associated with psychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder. The impact of critical illness–related cognitive impairment on individuals and society includes financial costs, inability to return to work, impairments in instrumental activities of daily living (financial management, medication management, shopping, home care), reduced quality of life, and caregiver burden. Efforts need to be directed not only at modifying risk factors but also at attempting to prevent, treat, and remediate deficits.
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Book chapters on the topic "Processing Impairment"

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Hyvärinen, Lea. "Assessment of visual processing functions and disorders." In The Routledge Handbook of Visual Impairment, 79–95. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge international handbooks: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315111353-7.

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Ueyama, Yuki. "A Model of Motor Impairment After Stroke for Predicting Muscle Activation Patterns." In Neural Information Processing, 432–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26535-3_49.

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Kim, JungHoe, and Jong-Hwan Lee. "Functional Connectivity Analysis with Voxel-Based Morphometry for Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment." In Neural Information Processing, 306–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24955-6_37.

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Roehrs, T., A. Zwyghuizen-Doorenbos, D. Smith, F. Zorick, and T. Roth. "Reversal by Caffeine of Triazolam-Induced Impairment of Waking Function." In Benzodiazepine Receptor Ligands, Memory and Information Processing, 194–202. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73288-1_14.

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Arora, Renuka, Sunny Arora, and Rishu Bhatia. "Speech Impairment Using Hybrid Model of Machine Learning." In Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in 2D/3D Medical Image Processing, 159–69. First edition. | Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429354526-11.

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Dacewicz, Anna, Kamila Nowak, and Elzbieta Szelag. "Temporal Information Processing and Language Skills in Children with Specific Language Impairment." In Recent Advances in Nonlinear Speech Processing, 45–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28109-4_5.

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Leonard, Laurence B., and Christine Weber-Fox. "Specific Language Impairment: Processing Deficits in Linguistic, Cognitive, and Sensory Domains." In The Handbook of the Neuropsychology of Language, 826–46. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118432501.ch40.

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Ebert, Kerry Danahy, and Giang Pham. "Connections Among Language Knowledge, Language Processing, and Nonlinguistic Cognitive Processing in Bilingual Children with Language Impairment." In Language Development and Disorders in Spanish-speaking Children, 189–204. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53646-0_9.

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Lara Galindo, Wendy Fabiola, and Cecilia Rojas-Nieto. "Self-Repair Timing of Lexical Problem Sources: A Window into Primary Language Impairment Online Processing." In Language Development and Disorders in Spanish-speaking Children, 235–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53646-0_12.

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Singh, Shashi Bhushan, Soubhik Chakraborty, and Keashav Mohan Jha. "Assessment of Level of Recovery of Cognitive Impairment in the Cerebrovascular Accident and Head Injuries Cases: Therapeutic Impact of North Indian Ragas." In Speech, Sound and Music Processing: Embracing Research in India, 44–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31980-8_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Processing Impairment"

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Silva, Luciana Maria Campos e., Suelen Darlane Vieira, Ana Catarini Lopes Baltazar, Ana Luiza Soares Henriques de Almeida, Rafael Felipe Silva Rodrigues, Isabela Guedes, Amanda Mansur Rosa, and Maíssa Ferreira Diniz. "Neurocognitive impairment postCOVID-19: a review." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.125.

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Background: COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a neurotropic virus. Although its main manifestations are respiratory, neurological complaints associated with COVID-19 are growing. Important cognitive impairments have been shown during and after the acute illness. Objectives: To review post-COVID-19’s neurocognitive deficits. Design and Setting: Review of the literature. Methods: The PubMed database was used with the descriptors “COVID-19” and “neurocognition”, finding 94 articles. Only articles with participants without previous cognitive or psychiatric disorders were included, 7 review articles and 5 cohort studies being selected. Results: All of the reviewed articles demonstrated cognitive impairment in post-COVID-19 patients, including patients without cognitive complaints. Headache, dysgeusia, diarrhea and use of oxygen during acute COVID were related to lower scores on global cognition tests. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) was associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment both at hospital discharge and 1 year after, mainly in working memory, processing speed, executive functions and attention. Post-SARS imaging exams showed atrophy and loss of brain volume. The mechanisms of CNS injury in COVID-19 are not completely understood, but systemic hypoxia, associated with important viremia and the massive release of cytokines, has an important role in a picture of toxic encephalopathy and destruction of nervous tissue. Conclusion: There is evidence of neurocognitive impairments as a result of COVID-19, however studies on the mechanisms of occurrence and severity of deficits are scarce. Further studies are needed to identify predictors and develop prevention strategies.
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Yang, Yi, A. Brinton Cooper, Jacob B. Khurgin, and Jin U. Kang. "Sequences for Impairment Mitigation in Coherent SPE-OCDMA." In Signal Processing in Photonic Communications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/sppcom.2011.spwd6.

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Szafraniec, Bogdan, Todd Marshall, and Douglas M. Baney. "Kalman filtering for optical impairment estimation and compensation." In Signal Processing in Photonic Communications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/sppcom.2015.spt4d.1.

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Sethumadhavan, Chandrasekhar, P. J. Winzer, and S. Randel. "Impairment Mitigation in Optical Communication Systems using Digital Signal Processing." In Signal Processing in Photonic Communications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/sppcom.2015.sps4d.6.

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Kamasak, Mustafa E. "Detection of cognitive impairment using mobile devices." In 2015 23th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/siu.2015.7130386.

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Anjankar, Shubham C., and Kunal P. Ambhore. "Speech signal processing implementation for hearing impairment based on FPGA." In 2015 Global Conference on Communication Technologies (GCCT). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gcct.2015.7342645.

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Domashenko, Dmytro, Maksym Manko, Anton Popov, Igor Krashenyi, Javier Ramirez, and Juan Manuel Gorriz. "Feature ranking for mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease diagnosis." In 2017 Signal Processing Symposium (SPSympo). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sps.2017.8053649.

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Kulkarni, P. N., P. C. Pandey, and D. S. Jangamashetti. "Multi-band frequency compression for sensorineural hearing impairment." In 2009 16th International Conference on Digital Signal Processing (DSP). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdsp.2009.5201179.

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Bozkurt, Muruvvet, Firat Oncel, Cemal Gurpinar, Hatice Kose, and Gozde Unal. "Facial Expressions Detection of Children with Hearing Impairment." In 2022 30th Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/siu55565.2022.9864675.

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Prabhavathi, S., and V. Saminadan. "Impairment-aware provisioning algorithms in all-optical networks." In 2013 International Conference on Communications and Signal Processing (ICCSP). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccsp.2013.6577207.

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Reports on the topic "Processing Impairment"

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Dale, Naomi, Aneesa Khan, and Sophie Dale. Early intervention for vision and neurodevelopment in infants and very young children with visual impairment: a systematicreview. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0080.

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Review question / Objective: Research question - What is the effectiveness of Early Childhood Intervention (ECI) in the first 3 years of life? Population (P) Infants and very young children with diagnosed visual impairment. Intervention (I) ECI programmes that includes vision and developmental stimulation, play, learning and responsive parenting Comparison (C) Standard care or control Outcomes (O) Primary: Vision function or and/or neurodevelopment and/or parent-child interaction outcomes Secondary: Parental context factors eg parental wellbeing and mental health, parental satisfaction with service provision. Condition being studied: Childhood congenital or very early visual impairment arising from congenital disorders of the peripheral or anterior visual system or cerebral-based vision disorders. This includes all vision disorders of the globe, retina and anterior optic nerve and all vision disorders that are considered cerebral based along visual pathways that are retro-chiasmatic and include central brain regions and networks involved in vision processing.
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