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Bickel, David R. (David Robert). "The Fractal Stochastic Point Process Model of Molecular Evolution and the Multiplicative Evolution Statistical Hypothesis." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1997. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277827/.
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A fractal stochastic point process (FSPP) is used to model molecular evolution in agreement with the relationship between the variance and mean numbers of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions in mammals. Like other episodic models such as the doubly stochastic Poisson process, this model accounts for the large variances observed in amino acid substitution rates, but unlike other models, it also accounts for the results of Ohta's (1995) analysis of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions in mammalian genes. That analysis yields a power-law increase in the index of dispersion and an inverse power-law decrease in the coefficient of variation with the mean number of substitutions, as predicted by the FSPP model but not by the doubly stochastic Poisson model. This result is compatible with the selection theory of evolution and the nearly-neutral theory of evolution.
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Reis, Carla Alessandra Lima. "Uma abordagem flexível para execução de processos de software evolutivos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/8960.
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Buscando aumentar a qualidade de software, a área de Engenharia de Software tem produzido ferramentas para auxílio ao desenvolvimento de software assim como tem estudado e produzido formas de controlar o processo de desenvolvimento. A tecnologia existente para coordenação de atividades humanas - incluindo sistemas de Workflow e PSEE (Process-Centered Software Engineering Environments) - possui algumas limitações. Uma das principais é a falta de flexibilidade. Algumas características importantes de processos de software não têm sido levadas em consideração pela tecnologia disponível, como por exemplo: o aspecto humano envolvido, a dificuldade em definir todo o processo antes de executá-lo, o tratamento de mudanças durante a execução, dentre outras. Além disso, quando se considera a construção de PSEEs, notase a necessidade de uma abordagem formal adequada, que permita um melhor entendimento, análise e comparação com outros modelos. Este trabalho apresenta e discute um modelo conceitual e mecanismos para contribuir para o aumento da flexibilidade e do nível de automação fornecidos para execução de processos. Para atingir os objetivos do trabalho, foi proposta uma arquitetura, denominada APSEE, construída a partir de um meta-modelo unificado que integra informações organizacionais, gerenciais, sobre artefatos do processo, e sobre ferramentas do ambiente. O modelo proposto define de forma rigorosa seus componentes. Assim, as propriedades de recursos e pessoas são descritas visando melhorar o controle de sua alocação, permitindo a construção de um mecanismo de apoio à instanciação de recursos e pessoas em processos. Além disso, uma linguagem de modelagem visual de processos de software é proposta. Por fim, é fornecido o mecanismo de execução de processos que permite modificações dinâmicas, verifica a consistência dessas modificações, e permite acompanhamento da execução de processos pelo gerente. Os diferentes componentes envolvidos na definição do modelo APSEE proposto foram especificados formalmente através de método algébrico e também através da abordagem de gramáticas de grafos, constituindo uma base semântica de alto nível de abstração que deu origem a um conjunto de protótipos implementados como ferramentas do ambiente PROSOFT-Java. A implementação também serviu para constatar a viabilidade do uso do APSEE como plataforma de integração para vários serviços de gerência de processos desenvolvidos como atividades de pesquisa no contexto do grupo PROSOFT. Finalmente, são apresentadas considerações acerca dos trabalhos relacionados, os elementos críticos que influenciam a aplicabilidade do modelo e as atividades adicionais vislumbradas a partir do trabalho proposto.Software Engineering evolved to increase software quality through the definition of tools to support both development and management processes. However, the existing technology to provide automated support for human activity coordination - mainly represented by Workflow Management Systems and Process-Centered Software Engineering Environments (PSEEs) - has some limitations. One of the most important limitations is related to the low level of flexibility provided by current tools. Existing technologies provide limited support for some important software process characteristics, which includes, for example, the humanistic aspect of software processes, the difficult to completely prescribe the process model in advance, and the lack of adequate support for dynamic changes on enacting processes. Besides, the construction of a PSEE demand an adequate formal approach for its specification, which can improve its understandability and analysis, while constitutes a basis for comparison with similar proposals. This work presents and discusses a conceptual model and mechanisms which jointly aim to increase the level of flexibility and automation provided for software processes enactment. In order to reach this goal, a software-based architecture is proposed, named APSEE, which provides a unified meta-model that integrates organizational and management information, along with software artifact and tool support. The proposed meta-model rigorously defines its components. Therefore, resource and people properties are formally described in order to allow better allocation through an automated process instantiation mechanism. In addition, a visual software process modeling language is provided which is, in turn, related to the underlying meta-model. Finally, a flexible process enactment mechanism was specified to support dynamic changes on process models that work together with consistency check and monitoring mechanisms. The required software components for the proposed meta-model were specified using algebraic specification and graph grammar-based techniques which, in turn, were used to build prototypes for the Java-PROSOFT environment. This implementation was also useful to evaluate the feasibility of using APSEE as an integration platform for a number of process management services developed by PROSOFT research group. Finally, it is discussed how this proposal relates to the current technological state-ofthe- art, the critical elements that can influence its applicability and effectiveness, and the expected future activities.
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Martins, Cleide. "A improvisação em dança: um processo sistêmico e evolutivo." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 1999. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5100.
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Este trabalho utiliza informações teóricas provindas da filosofiae da ciência para falar da improvisação em dança, quase sempre considerada apenas como um recurso da arte da dança. A literatura sobre o tema é escassa, se tivermos como expectativa reflexões sobre o que é a improvisação e não apenas sobre a sua prática. Este trabalho procura trazer uma reflexão mais abrangente da improvisação, vista não apenascomoum recurso,mascomoa própria dança realizada no instante de sua execução (em oposição à dança planejada anteriormente). Para tanto, toma-se necessário partir de uma visão ontológica de mundo em que se considera que a realidade é formada por sistemas e que a dança pode ser vista como um sistema complexo, formado pela relação dos subsistemas: movimento,corpo+cultura. Os subsistemas movimento e corpo+cultura,que compõem o sistema dança, podem ser estudados, atualmente, por hipóteses evolucionistas neodarwinistas utilizadas pela biogenética e neurociência). A improvisação, por sua vez, pode ser definida como a processualidade que ocorre no sistema dança, ou seja, onde a relação dos subsistemas movimento, corpo+cultura, ao longo do tempo, vai sofrendo modificações estocásticas de suas propriedades, produzindo estados que se sucedem em cadeias. Este processo, quando cresce em complexidade, apresenta parâmetros que acompanham o jogo evolutivo, que vão em busca de uma organização. Com o parâmetro de integralidade, o processo de improvisação adquire uma gramática formada a partir do(s) repertório(s), ou seja, dos tipos de movimentos adquiridos pelo corpo do dançarino + as leis e regras (da física, anatomofisiológicas e de atuação pessoal). As tendências das combinações dos movimentos configuram o grau de gramaticalidade do processo de improvisação. As aspirações do processo de improvisação são: a baixa gramaticalidade e o novo
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Blitz, David. "Emergent evolution : the problem of qualitative novelty in the evolutionary process." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75862.
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This dissertation considers the history and philosophy of emergent evolution, and in particular the attempt to answer the question of the role of qualitative novelty in the evolutionary process. Chapter one examines the background to the theory of emergent evolution in the work of Charles Darwin. It is argued that Darwin's theory is neither tautologous nor revolutionary, and the application of Thomas Kuhn's theory of scientific revolution to the case of Darwinian evolution is criticized. Chapter two analyzes the work of the comparative psychologist Conwy Lloyd Morgan, and his views on qualitative novelty are compared with those of other major contemporaneous emergentist theorists: Samuel Alexander, C. D. Broad and Roy Wood Sellars. Chapter three discusses the history of emergent evolution as a philosophical trend, up to and including the emergent materialism of Mario Bunge. An alternative emergentist view of the level structure of reality based on the four levels of matter, life, society and mind is proposed in the conclusion.
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Méléard, Sylvie, and Sylvie Roelly. "Evolutive two-level population process and large population approximations." Universität Potsdam, 2013. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2013/6460/.
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We are interested in modeling the Darwinian evolution of a population described by two levels of biological parameters: individuals characterized by an heritable phenotypic trait submitted to mutation and natural selection and cells in these individuals influencing their ability to consume resources and to reproduce. Our models are rooted in the microscopic description of a random (discrete) population of individuals characterized by one or several adaptive traits and cells characterized by their type. The population is modeled as a stochastic point process whose generator captures the probabilistic dynamics over continuous time of birth, mutation and death for individuals and birth and death for cells. The interaction between individuals (resp. between cells) is described by a competition between individual traits (resp. between cell types). We are looking for tractable large population approximations. By combining various scalings on population size, birth and death rates and mutation step, the single microscopic model is shown to lead to contrasting nonlinear macroscopic limits of different nature: deterministic approximations, in the form of ordinary, integro- or partial differential equations, or probabilistic ones, like stochastic partial differential equations or superprocesses.
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Silva, Gabriel Lucas Cantanhede da. "Aplicação de algoritmos genéticos em mineração de processos não estruturados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100131/tde-02072018-215453/.
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Mineração de processos é um novo campo de pesquisa que liga mineração de dados e gestão de processos de negócio. A mineração de processos segue a premissa de que existe um processo desconhecido em um determinado contexto, e que ao analisar os traços do seu comportamento, com o auxílio da mineração de dados, é possível descobrir o modelo do processo. No entanto, processos de negócio realistas são difíceis de minerar por causa do excesso de comportamento registrado nos logs. Esses processos não estruturados, apesar de complexos, possuem um potencial grande para melhoria, sendo que as abordagens atuais de mineração de processos para esse contexto ainda provém pouco suporte à gestão. Este trabalho de pesquisa de mestrado visou aplicar técnicas computacionais evolutivas na mineração de modelos de processo, usando algoritmos genéticos para descobrir automaticamente modelos de processos não estruturados visando dar suporte à gestão organizacional de processos. Uma revisão da literatura foi realizada para auxiliar a proposição de uma nova abordagem focada na descoberta de modelos de processos não estruturados. A abordagem proposta introduz novas fórmulas de cálculo das métricas de completude e precisão baseadas nas informações de transições entre atividades, reorganizadas por meio de uma estrutura de matriz criada neste trabalho. A abordagem introduz também o uso de operadores genéticos e estratégias de fluxo evolutivo ainda não implementados na literatura relativa a algoritmos genéticos na descoberta de processos. Análises da parametrização da abordagem proposta, bem como os modelos de processos resultantes, indicam que a abordagem é eficaz na mineração de modelos de processos melhores a partir de amostras de um log não estruturadoProcess mining is a new field of research that links data mining and business process management. Process mining follows the premise that there is an unknown process in a given context, and by analyzing the traces of its behavior, with the help of data mining, the process model can be discovered. However, realistic business processes are difficult to mine because of excessive behavior recorded in the logs. These unstructured processes, despite being complex, hold great potential for improvement, and the current process mining approaches for that context yet provide little support for management. This masters research project aims to apply evolutionary computational techniques in process mining, using genetic algorithms to automatically discover unstructured process models in order to support process management in organizations. A literature review was carried out to support the proposition of a new approach focused on the discovery of unstructured process models. The proposed approach introduces new formulas for calculating completeness and precision metrics, based on the information of transitions between activities that are reorganized through a matrix structure created in this work. The approach also introduces the use of genetic operators and evolutionary flow strategies not yet implemented in the literature regarding genetic algorithms in process discovery. Analyzes of the parameterization of the proposed approach, as well as the resulting process models, indicate that the approach is effective in mining better process models from samples of a unstructured log
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SILVA, Sharlene Neuma Henrique da. "Processo de renovação generalizado para análise de sistemas reparáveis baseado na distribuição q–Exponencial." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2016. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/18597.
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Este trabalho trata de sistemas reparáveis que sofrem reparo imperfeito, utilizando uma classe de modelos de processos estocásticos conhecida como Processo de Renovação Generalizado (PRG), que é um modelo de idade virtual que determina a classificação do reparo de acordo com o grau de redução que este proporciona sob a idade real do equipamento, mensurada através de um parâmetro de rejuvenescimento, , e este modelo permite inserir uma maior flexibilidade quanto ao tratamento de dados de falhas. Foi proposto um modelo PRG com base na distribuição -Exponencial ( -PRG), onde o sucesso da Exponencial deve-se, em parte, à sua capacidade de exposições a caudas pesadas e fenômenos de lei de potência. Os estimadores de máxima verossimilhança não apresentaram expressões analíticas e, então, a estimação dos parâmetros -PRG foi realizada por meio do algoritmo evolucionário Differential Evolution (DE), que é algoritmo estocástico para resolver problemas de otimização global de funções não lineares, ou seja, é um método para minimizar funções não lineares e não diferenciáveis em um espaço contínuo de busca. Com base no método DE, foram realizadas simulações a partir de dados de falha extraídos da literatura. A partir das simulações executadas utilizando o método bootstrap paramétrico, mesmo existindo valores discrepantes, o processo de simulação manteve as características dos dados iniciais, de modo que informações sobre as falhas não foram perdidas. Com as simulações, concluiu-se que para tamanhos amostrais maiores, as abordagens bootstrap utilizadas tendem a fornecer estimativas intervalares semelhantes para os parâmetros -PRG. Além disso, foi possível obter alguns resultados estatísticos para os estimadores como a ausência de normalidade e estimar o parâmetro de rejuvenescimento do PRG.
This work deals with repairable systems that undergo imperfect repair, using a class of stochastic process models known as Generalized Renewal Process (GRP), which is a virtual age model that determines the classification of the repair according to the degree of reduction that This provides, under the real age of the equipment, measured through a rejuvenation parameter, , and this model allows to insert a greater flexibility in the treatment of data of failures. A GRP model was proposed based on the -Exponential distribution ( -GRP), where -Exponential success is due, in part, to its ability to expose heavy tails and power law phenomena. The maximum likelihood estimators did not present analytical expressions and, therefore, the estimation of the -GRP parameters was performed using the evolutionary algorithm Differential Evolution (DE), which is a stochastic algorithm to solve problems of global optimization of non-linear functions, that is, is a method to minimize non-linear and non-differentiable functions in a continuous search space. Based on the DE method, simulations were performed based on fault data extracted from the literature. From the simulations performed using the parametric bootstrap method, even if there were discrepant values, the simulation process maintained the characteristics of the initial data, so that information about the failures was not lost. With the simulations, it was concluded that for larger sample sizes, the bootstrap approaches used tend to provide similar interval estimates for the -GRP parameters. In addition, it was possible to obtain some statistical results for the estimators such as the absence of normality and to estimate the GRP rejuvenation parameter.
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Benzenberg, Elizabeth Marie Acox. "Exploring Design Process Evolution in Architecture and Interior Design Firms." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313341550.
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Delaney, Nigel Francis. "Processes and Rates of Bacterial Evolution." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10732.
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A long-standing question in evolutionary biology is whether adaptation will typically proceed through a few mutations with large selective effects or many mutations with small effects. Many studies have implicated few loci of major effect, but it has been predicted that small-effect mutations should exist and contribute to adaptation. However, such mutations have not been found in many studies, either because they do not exist or because the experimental design limited their detection. To determine the effects and types of mutations contributing to adaptation, I studied laboratory and wild populations of bacteria. I characterized the distribution of the effect sizes in laboratory populations of an aerobic bacterium, Methylobacterium extorquens, and studied the types of genetic changes associated with adaptation to a novel host in wild populations of Mycoplasma gallisepticum.
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Kim, Kwanlae. "Domain evolution processes in ferroelectric ceramics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:abd786e3-8461-4e75-ae99-2620d08099b1.
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The aim of this doctoral research is to understand domain evolution processes in ferroelectrics using piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) and Monte Carlo simulation. The results provide improved knowledge of domain evolution processes, and systematic experimental methods for research on domain evolution. There has been extensive previous research on domain evolution in ferroelectrics, but the research was mainly constrained to simple domain patterns. However, ferroelectric domains tend to form complex patterns that generate low-energy domain configurations. In this research, several methods such as statistical analysis of PFM data, ex situ/in situ PFM observation under electrical/mechanical loading and combining PFM with electron backscatter diffraction are employed to study domain evolution processes in complex domain patterns. The results show that domain switching almost always takes place by the evolution of pre-existing domain patterns, rather than direct flipping of polarization. Also the net effect of domain evolution processes follows a primary principle that positive work is done by external loads. But this principle is not always followed for microscopic switching processes. Multiple types of domain switching occur simultaneously, and occasionally an overwriting process involves unfavourable as well as favourable domain switching. Domain switching is significantly constrained by the pre-existing domain patterns. Meanwhile, angle-resolved PFM is developed for the systematic interpretation of PFM signal. Using lateral PFM images taken from multiple sample orientations, angle-resolved PFM maps are generated based on the angle of phase reversal in the PFM signal. The resulting maps reliably show complex domain patterns which may not appear in vertical and lateral PFM images. A model of domain evolution is developed using Monte Carlo simulation. Polarization switching by electric field and mechanical stress in the model is shown to take place via the motion of domain walls between pre-existing domains. Typical domain broadening processes are reproduced through this simulation.
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Demir, Huseyin. "A Process-Based Model for Beach Profile Evolution." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19811.
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Beach profile models predict the changes in bathymetry along a line perpendicular to the shoreline. These models are used to forecast bathymetric changes in response to storms, sea level rise or human activities such as dredging and beach nourishment. Process-based models achieve this by simulating the physical processes that drive the sediment transport as opposed to behavior models which simulate observed profile changes without resolving the underlying processes. Some of these processes are wave shoaling and breaking, boundary layer streaming, and offshore-directed undertow currents. These hydrodynamic processes control the sediment processes such as sediment pick-up from the bottom, diffusion of the sediment across the water column and its advection with waves and currents.
For this study, newly developed sediment transport and boundary layer models were coupled with existing models of wave transformation, nearshore circulation and bathymetry update, to predict beach profile changes. The models covered the region from the dry land to a depth of 6-8 meters, spanning up to 500 meters in the cross-shore direction. The modeling system was applied at storm time scales, extending from a couple of hours to several days. Two field experiments were conducted at Myrtle Beach, SC, involving the collection of wave, current and bathymetric data as a part of this study. The results were used to calibrate and test the numerical models along with data from various laboratory studies from the literature.
The sediment transport model computes the variation of sediment concentrations over a wave period and over the water column, solving the advection-diffusion equation using the Crank-Nicholson finite-difference numerical scheme. Using a new approach, erosion depth thickness and sediment concentrations within the bed were also predicted. The model could predict sediment transport rates for a range of conditions, within a factor of two. It successfully computed the sediment concentration profile over the water column and within the bed and its variation throughout a wave period. Erosion depth and sheet flow layer thickness were also predicted reasonably well.
Wave heights across the profile were predicted within ten percent when the empirical wave breaking parameter was tuned appropriately. Mean cross-shore velocities contain more uncertainty, even after tuning. The importance of capturing the location of the maximum, near-bottom, cross-shore velocity when predicting bar behavior was shown. Bar formation, erosion, accretion, onshore and offshore bar movement were all computed with the model successfully
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Al-Zitouni, Adel Basher. "The traditional Libyan house and its evolution process." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.479284.
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Casey, Erin E. "The Richmond Maker Museum: The Evolution of Process." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3839.
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The Richmond Maker Museum is a working museum design, offering an inside look at past achievements, juxtaposed with the unlimited future possibilities of an evolving, active maker culture. It is a dynamic place designed to allow makers to showcase skills, take risks, engage the public, and grow their craft in real time. The museum displays finished pieces, introduces makers, demonstrates the processes they employ in their work, and invites the community to meet the artisans who, through skill, ingenuity, and hard work, make the artifacts on display. This type of educational museum experience does not currently exist on this scale in Richmond. While other local museums invite visiting artists and offer lectures, the Richmond Maker Museum takes interaction to a new level, introducing visitors to the routines and procedures of each artisan’s daily practice.
Maker culture is a tightly woven network of craftsmen—woodworkers, metalworkers, glassblowers, etc. It celebrates traditional fabrication techniques, while also introducing modern technologies such as laser cutting and three-dimensional printing. The social and educational aspects of the maker movement have created a revolution, revitalizing public appreciation for the role of the maker and the importance of craftsmanship.
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von, Sydow Momme. "Sociobiology, universal Darwinism and their transcendence : an investigation of the history, philosophy and critique of Darwinian paradigms, especially gene-Darwinism, process-Darwinism, and their types of reductionism - towards a theory of the evolution of evolutionary processes, evolutionary freedom and ecological idealism." Thesis, Durham University, 2001. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3769/.
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Based on a review of different Darwinian paradigms, particularly sociobiology, this work, both, historically and philosophically, develops a metaphysic of gene-Darwinism and process-Darwinism, and then criticises and transcends these Darwinian paradigms in order to achieve a truly evolutionary theory of evolution. Part I introduces essential aspects of current sociobiology as the original challenge to this investigation. The claim of some sociobiologists that ethics should become biologized in a gene-egoistic way, is shown to be tied to certain biological views, which ethically lead to problematic results. In part II a historical investigation into sociobiology and Darwinism in general provides us, as historical epistemology', with a deeper understanding of the structure and background of these approaches. Gene-Darwinism, which presently dominates sociobiology and is linked to Dawkins' selfish gene view of evolution, is compared to Darwin's Darwinism and the evolutionary' synthesis and becomes defined more strictly. An account of the external history of Darwinism and its subparadigms shows how cultural intellectual presuppositions, like Malthusianism or the Newtonian concept of the unchangeable laws of nature, also influenced biological theory' construction. In part III universal 'process-Darwinism' is elaborated based on the historical interaction of Darwinism with non-biological subject areas. Building blocks for this are found in psychology, the theory of science and economics. Additionally, a metaphysical argument for the universality of process- Darwinism, linked to Hume's and Popper's problem of induction, is proposed. In part IV gene-Darwinism and process-Darwinism are criticised. Gene-Darwinism—despite its merits—is challenged as being one-sided in advocating 'gene-atomism', 'germ-line reductionism' and 'process-monism'. My alternative proposals develop and try to unify different criticisms often found. In respect of gene-atomism I advocate a many-level approach, opposing the necessary radical selfishness of single genes. I develop the concept of higher-level genes, propose a concept of systemic selection, which may stabilise group properties, without relying on permanent group selection and extend the applicability of a certain group selectionist model generally to small open groups. Proposals of mine linked to the critique of germ-line reductionism are: 'exformation', phenotypes as evolutionary factors and a field theoretic understanding of causa formalis (resembling Aristotelian hylemorphism). Finally the process-monism of gene-Darwinism, process-Darwinism and, if defined strictly, Darwinism in general is criticised. 1 argue that our ontology and ethics would be improved by replacing the Newtoman-Paleyian deist metaphor of an eternal and unchangeable law of nature, which lies at tire very heart of Darwinism, by a truly evolutionary understanding of evolution where new processes may gain a certain autonomy. All this results in a view that I call 'ecological idealism', which, although still very much based on Darwinism, clearly transcends a Darwinian world view.
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Court, Steven James. "Physics of biological evolution." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9975.
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Part I: A remarkable feature of life on Earth is that despite the apparent observed diversity, the underlying chemistry that powers it is highly conserved. From the level of the nucleobases, through the amino acids and proteins they encode, to the metabolic pathways of chemical reactions catalyzed by these proteins, biology often utilizes identical solutions in vastly disparate organisms. This universality is intriguing as it raises the question of whether these recurring features exist because they represent some truly optimal solution to a given problem in biology, or whether they simply exist by chance, having arisen very early in life's history. In this project we consider the universality of metabolism { the set of chemical reactions providing the energy and building blocks for cells to grow and divide. We develop an algorithm to construct the complete network of all possible biochemically feasible compounds and reactions, including many that could have been utilized by life but never were. Using this network we investigate the most highly conserved piece of metabolism in all of biology, the trunk pathway of glycolysis. We design a method which allows a comparison between the large number of alternatives to this pathway and which takes into account both thermodynamic and biophysical constraints, finding evidence that the existing version of this pathway produces optimal metabolic fluxes under physiologically relevant intracellular conditions. We then extend our method to include an evolutionary simulation so as to more fully explore the biochemical space. Part II: Studies of population dynamics have a long history and have been used to understand the properties of complex networks of ecological interactions, extinction events, biological diversity and the transmission of infectious disease. One aspect of these models that is known to be of great importance, but one which nonetheless is often neglected, is spatial structure. Various classes of models have been proposed with each allowing different insights into the role space plays. Here we use a lattice-based approach. Motivated by gene transfer and parasite dynamics, we extend the well-studied contact process of statistical physics to include multiple levels. Doing so generates a simple model which captures in a general way the most important features of such biological systems: spatial structure and the inclusion of both vertical as well as horizontal transmission. We show that spatial structure can produce a qualitatively new effect: a coupling between the dynamics of the infection and of the underlying host population, even when the infection does not affect the fitness of the host. Extending the model to an arbitrary number of levels, we find a transition between regimes where both a finite and infinite number of parasite levels are sustainable, and conjecture that this transition is related to the roughening transition of related surface growth models.
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Oliveira, Thiago Henrique Burgos de. "RiPLE-EM: a process to manage evolution in software product lines." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2009. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/2018.
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Previous issue date: 2009Reuso de software é um aspecto chave para organizações interessadas em obter melhorias de produtividade, qualidade e redução de custos. Linhas de Produto de Software é uma abordagem de reúso de software que provou seus benefícios em diferentes contextos industriais (Weiss et al., 2006). Em termos de evolução, uma linha de produtos é um conjunto em contínua evolução, e por isso, sua evolução precisa ser gerenciada para que se alcance os benefícios dessa abordagem. O fato de um core asset ser compartilhado entre produtos, e todas as mudanças neste core asset poder ter efeito sobre diversos produtos (McGregor, 2003), aliado ao fato que em linhas de produto de software é preciso lidar com evolução no tempo (versões) e também evolução no espaço (variabilidade) (Krueger, 2002), faz com que o gerenciamento da evolução (mudanças) em linhas de produto de software seja mais complexo e mais desafiador do que o desenvolvimento tradicional de sistemas únicos (Pussinen, 2002). Portanto, a evolução dos core assets e também dos produtos precisa ser bem gerenciada para minimizar os problemas causados por ela. Este desafio envolve diferentes soluções, como questões técnicas, gerenciais e processuais. Desta forma, o foco desta dissertação está nos problemas ligados ao processo de gerenciamento evolução em linhas de produto de software. Neste contexto, este trabalho apresenta o RiPLE-EM, que é um processo para gerenciamento da evolução. Este processo é uma forma sistemática de guiar e gerenciar a evolução de cada core asset e cada produto, englobando atividades de gerenciamento de mudanças, builds, e entregas. Esta dissertação também apresenta a validação inicial do RiPLE-EM, seguindo guias bem estabelecidos de experimentação de software (Wohlin et al., 2000), e de acordo com os dados coletados e analisados na experimentação, RiPLE-EM mostra indicações de que seja um processo viável para o gerenciamento da evolução em linhas de produto de software
17
den, Tex Robert-Jan. "Patterns and Processes of Evolution in Sundaland." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Evolutionsbiologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-152213.
Full textAbstract:
Biodiversity in the tropics is disproportionately high compared to other habitats, and also under disproportionate threat from human impact. It is necessary to understand how this diversity evolved and how it is partitioned across space in order to preserve it. In this thesis I construct phylogenies of tropical forest dependent vertebrates from Southeast Asia and the islands of the Sunda shelf, a region referred to as Sundaland. I focus on the tree squirrels (genus Sundasciurus) and Asian barbets (Aves: Family Megalaimidae), two taxa with similar ecological characteristics. I use these phylogenies to test hypotheses that have been put forward to explain high levels of tropical diversity including the Pleistocene pump and museum hypotheses. I also use phylogenies to elucidate phylogeographic patterns within the region. I find no evidence for an increase in speciation in the Pleistocene, but I do find within species structure that dates to this period. Common phylogeographic patterns were identified between many forest dependent vertebrates that suggest that populations on the island of Sumatra are generally more closely related to Malay Peninsula populations than to populations on Borneo. From a methodological viewpoint we propose careful usage of universal primers in ancient DNA studies because of our finding of increased risk of amplifying pseudogenes of the mtDNA.
18
Roberts, Katie Sarah. "Mud volcano systems : structure, evolution and processes." Thesis, Durham University, 2011. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/752/.
Full textAbstract:
Mud volcano systems erupt sediment and fluid onto the Earth’s surface producing edifices up to 25 km3 in volume however, little is known about how such volumes are transported through the Earth’s crust. This thesis investigates whether transport is through mud-dyke-sill complexes, or is diapiric. Structural field mapping of exhumed mud volcano intrusive domains onshore in Azerbaijan, shows that feeder complexes are 200-800 m wide and roughly circular. These complexes consist of various fracture networks and a megabreccia of country rock blocks tens-of-metres-across that have rotated up to 90° in a matrix of mud. A structural domain model categorises regions within the feeder complex which formed during stoping processes. Structural mapping is combined with nearest neighbour and 2-point-azimuth statistical analysis of vent distributions described from nine mud volcanoes in Azerbaijan and Lusi mud volcano, East Java. Vent distributions are non-random, showing alignments with: 1) anticline crestal faulting, 2) fractures 3) ring faults, and 4) detachment faults indicating that fracture systems and regional stresses significantly influence feeder complex architecture. Lusi’s vent alignments change orientation from 2006-2010 implying regions 10 km east and west of the main vent are more likely to be impacted by new vents due to the onset of elongate-caldera collapse. Kilometre-scale, elongate scarps are identified as ‘sector collapses’ on mud volcanoes in Azerbaijan due to morphological similarity to those on igneous volcanoes. Shape parameters distinguish sector collapses and eruptive mud breccia flows allowing identification in field and satellite-based mapping. The updip domains are characterised by vents showing there is linkage to deeper mud volcano fluid flow pathways. A model of a deflating mud chamber triggering ‘thin-skinned’ sector collapse is proposed. This sector collapse model, vent alignment orientation analysis and intrusive domain structural model are ultimately integrated into a comprehensive schematic model of the mud volcano system.
19
Boxall, Nicola. "The mechanisms and processes of microsatellite evolution." Thesis, University of Reading, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430923.
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Hebig, Regina. "Evolution of model-driven engineering settings in practice." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/7076/.
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Nowadays, software systems are getting more and more complex. To tackle this challenge most diverse techniques, such as design patterns, service oriented architectures (SOA), software development processes, and model-driven engineering (MDE), are used to improve productivity, while time to market and quality of the products stay stable. Multiple of these techniques are used in parallel to profit from their benefits. While the use of sophisticated software development processes is standard, today, MDE is just adopted in practice.
However, research has shown that the application of MDE is not always successful. It is not fully understood when advantages of MDE can be used and to what degree MDE can also be disadvantageous for productivity. Further, when combining different techniques that aim to affect the same factor (e.g. productivity) the question arises whether these techniques really complement each other or, in contrast, compensate their effects. Due to that, there is the concrete question how MDE and other techniques, such as software development process, are interrelated. Both aspects (advantages and disadvantages for productivity as well as the interrelation to other techniques) need to be understood to identify risks relating to the productivity impact of MDE.
Before studying MDE's impact on productivity, it is necessary to investigate the range of validity that can be reached for the results. This includes two questions. First, there is the question whether MDE's impact on productivity is similar for all approaches of adopting MDE in practice. Second, there is the question whether MDE's impact on productivity for an approach of using MDE in practice remains stable over time. The answers for both questions are crucial for handling risks of MDE, but also for the design of future studies on MDE success.
This thesis addresses these questions with the goal to support adoption of MDE in future. To enable a differentiated discussion about MDE, the term MDE setting'' is introduced. MDE setting refers to the applied technical setting, i.e. the employed manual and automated activities, artifacts, languages, and tools. An MDE setting's possible impact on productivity is studied with a focus on changeability and the interrelation to software development processes. This is done by introducing a taxonomy of changeability concerns that might be affected by an MDE setting. Further, three MDE traits are identified and it is studied for which manifestations of these MDE traits software development processes are impacted. To enable the assessment and evaluation of an MDE setting's impacts, the Software Manufacture Model language is introduced. This is a process modeling language that allows to reason about how relations between (modeling) artifacts (e.g. models or code files) change during application of manual or automated development activities. On that basis, risk analysis techniques are provided. These techniques allow identifying changeability risks and assessing the manifestations of the MDE traits (and with it an MDE setting's impact on software development processes).
To address the range of validity, MDE settings from practice and their evolution histories were capture in context of this thesis. First, this data is used to show that MDE settings cover the whole spectrum concerning their impact on changeability or interrelation to software development processes. Neither it is seldom that MDE settings are neutral for processes nor is it seldom that MDE settings have impact on processes. Similarly, the impact on changeability differs relevantly. Second, a taxonomy of evolution of MDE settings is introduced. In that context it is discussed to what extent different types of changes on an MDE setting can influence this MDE setting's impact on changeability and the interrelation to processes. The category of structural evolution, which can change these characteristics of an MDE setting, is identified. The captured MDE settings from practice are used to show that structural evolution exists and is common. In addition, some examples of structural evolution steps are collected that actually led to a change in the characteristics of the respective MDE settings. Two implications are: First, the assessed diversity of MDE settings evaluates the need for the analysis techniques that shall be presented in this thesis. Second, evolution is one explanation for the diversity of MDE settings in practice.
To summarize, this thesis studies the nature and evolution of MDE settings in practice. As a result support for the adoption of MDE settings is provided in form of techniques for the identification of risks relating to productivity impacts.Um die steigende Komplexität von Softwaresystemen beherrschen zu können, werden heutzutage unterschiedlichste Techniken gemeinsam eingesetzt. Beispiele sind, Design Pattern, Serviceorientierte Architekturen, Softwareentwicklungsprozesse oder modellgetriebene Entwicklung (MDE). Ziel dabei ist die Erhöhung der Produktivität, so dass Entwicklungsdauer und Qualität stabil bleiben können. Während hoch entwickelte Softwareentwicklungsprozesse heute schon standardmäßig genutzt werden, fangen Firmen gerade erst an MDE einzusetzen. Jedoch zeigen Studien, dass der erhoffte Erfolg von MDE nicht jedes Mal eintritt. So scheint es, dass noch kein ausreichendes Verständnis dafür existiert, inwiefern MDE auch Nachteile für die Produktivität bergen kann. Zusätzlich ist bei der Kombination von unterschiedlichen Techniken damit zu rechnen, dass die erreichten Effekte sich gegenseitig negieren anstatt sich zu ergänzen. Hier entsteht die Frage wie MDE und andere Techniken, wie Softwareentwicklungsprozesse, zusammenwirken. Beide Aspekte, der direkte Einfluss auf Produktivität und die Wechselwirkung mit anderen Techniken, müssen aber verstanden werden um den Risiken für den Produktivitätseinfluss von MDE zu identifizieren. Außerdem, muss auch die Generalisierbarkeit dieser Aspekte untersucht werden. Das betrifft die Fragen, ob der Produktivitätseinfluss bei jedem Einsatz von MDE gleich ist und ob der Produktivitätseinfluss über die Zeit stabil bleibt. Beide Fragen sind entscheidend, will man geeignete Risikobehandlung ermöglichen oder künftige Studien zum Erfolg von MDE planen. Diese Dissertation widmet sich der genannten Fragen. Dafür wird zuerst der Begriff MDE Setting'' eingeführt um eine differenzierte Betrachtung von MDE-Verwendungen zu ermöglichen. Ein MDE Setting ist dabei der technische Aufbau, inklusive manueller und automatische Aktivitäten, Artefakten, Sprachen und Werkzeugen. Welche Produktivitätseinflüsse von MDE Settings möglich sind, wird in der Dissertation mit Fokus auf Änderbarkeit und die Wechselwirkung mit Softwareentwicklungsprozessen betrachtet. Dafür wird einerseits eine Taxonomie von Changeability Concerns'' (potentiell betroffene Aspekte von Änderbarkeit) vorgestellt. Zusätzlich, werden drei MDE Traits'' (Charakteristika von MDE Settings die unterschiedlich ausgeprägt sein können) identifiziert. Es wird untersucht welche Ausprägungen dieser MDE Traits Einfluss auf Softwareentwicklungsprozesse haben können. Um die Erfassung und Bewertung dieser Einflüsse zu ermöglichen wird die Software Manufaktur Modell Sprache eingeführt. Diese Prozessmodellierungssprache ermöglicht eine Beschreibung, der Veränderungen von Artefaktbeziehungen während der Anwendung von Aktivitäten (z.B. Codegenerierung). Weiter werden auf Basis dieser Modelle, Analysetechniken eingeführt. Diese Analysetechniken erlauben es Risiken für bestimmte Changeability Concerns aufzudecken sowie die Ausprägung von MDE Traits zu erfassen (und damit den Einfluss auf Softwareentwicklungsprozesse). Um die Generalisierbarkeit der Ergebnisse zu studieren, wurden im Rahmen der Arbeit mehrere MDE Settings aus der Praxis sowie teilweise deren Evolutionshistorien erhoben. Daran wird gezeigt, dass MDE Settings sich in einem breiten Spektrum von Einflüssen auf Änderbarkeit und Prozesse bewegen. So ist es weder selten, dass ein MDE Setting neutral für Prozesse ist, noch, dass ein MDE Setting Einschränkungen für einen Prozess impliziert. Ähnlich breit gestreut ist der Einfluss auf die Änderbarkeit.Zusätzlich, wird diskutiert, inwiefern unterschiedliche Evolutionstypen den Einfluss eines MDE Settings auf Änderbarkeit und Prozesse verändern können. Diese Diskussion führt zur Identifikation der strukturellen Evolution'', die sich stark auf die genannten Charakteristika eines MDE Settings auswirken kann. Mithilfe der erfassten MDE Settings, wird gezeigt, dass strukturelle Evolution in der Praxis üblich ist. Schließlich, werden Beispiele aufgedeckt bei denen strukturelle Evolutionsschritte tatsächlich zu einer Änderung der Charakteristika des betreffenden MDE Settings geführt haben. Einerseits bestärkt die ermittelte Vielfalt den Bedarf nach Analysetechniken, wie sie in dieser Dissertation eingeführt werden. Zum Anderen erscheint es nun, dass Evolution zumindest zum Teil die unterschiedlichen Ausprägungen von MDE Settings erklärt. Zusammenfassend wird studiert wie MDE Settings und deren Evolution in der Praxis ausgeprägt sind. Als Ergebnis, werden Techniken zur Identifikation von Risiken für Produktivitätseinflüsse bereitgestellt um den Einsatz von MDE Settings zu unterstützen.
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Murrel, Benjamin. "Improved models of biological sequence evolution." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71870.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Computational molecular evolution is a field that attempts to characterize how genetic sequences evolve over phylogenetic trees – the branching processes that describe the patterns of genetic inheritance in living organisms. It has a long history of developing progressively more sophisticated stochastic models of evolution. Through a probabilist’s lens, this can be seen as a search for more appropriate ways to parameterize discrete state continuous time Markov chains to better encode biological reality, matching the historical processes that created empirical data sets, and creating useful tools that allow biologists to test specific hypotheses about the evolution of the organisms or the genes that interest them. This dissertation is an attempt to fill some of the gaps that persist in the literature, solving what we see as existing open problems. The overarching theme of this work is how to better model variation in the action of natural selection at multiple levels: across genes, between sites, and over time. Through four published journal articles and a fifth in preparation, we present amino acid and codon models that improve upon existing approaches, providing better descriptions of the process of natural selection and better tools to detect adaptive evolution.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Komputasionele molekulêre evolusie is ’n navorsingsarea wat poog om die evolusie van genetiese sekwensies oor filogenetiese bome – die vertakkende prosesse wat die patrone van genetiese oorerwing in lewende organismes beskryf – te karakteriseer. Dit het ’n lang geskiedenis waartydens al hoe meer gesofistikeerde waarskynlikheidsmodelle van evolusie ontwikkel is. Deur die lens van waarskynlikheidsleer kan hierdie proses gesien word as ’n soektog na meer gepasde metodes om diskrete-toestand kontinuë-tyd Markov kettings te parametriseer ten einde biologiese realiteit beter te enkodeer – op so ’n manier dat die historiese prosesse wat tot die vorming van biologiese sekwensies gelei het nageboots word, en dat nuttige metodes geskep word wat bioloë toelaat om spesifieke hipotesisse met betrekking tot die evolusie van belanghebbende organismes of gene te toets. Hierdie proefskrif is ’n poging om sommige van die gapings wat in die literatuur bestaan in te vul en bestaande oop probleme op te los. Die oorkoepelende tema is verbeterde modellering van variasie in die werking van natuurlike seleksie op verskeie vlakke: variasie van geen tot geen, variasie tussen posisies in gene en variasie oor tyd. Deur middel van vier gepubliseerde joernaalartikels en ’n vyfde artikel in voorbereiding, bied ons aminosuur- en kodon-modelle aan wat verbeter op bestaande benaderings – hierdie modelle verskaf beter beskrywings van die proses van natuurlike seleksie sowel as beter metodes om gevalle van aanpassing in evolusie te vind.
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Dogu, Doruk. "Finite Element Modeling Of Stress Evolution In Quenching Process." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606917/index.pdf.
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In this thesis the finite element computer code QUEANA simulating the quenching of axisymetric parts and determining the residual stress state was improved by adding pre- and post-processors. The code was further verified by additional numerical experiments and comparison of the results with commercial software &ldquoMARC&rdquo
. The possible applications of this code are optimization of industrial quenching processes by controlling the evolution of internal stresses and dimensional changes.
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Kolb, Jens [Verfasser]. "Abstraction, visualization, and evolution of process models / Jens Kolb." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften und Informatik, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1076083889/34.
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Laubach-Hock, Melinda. "Structural teardown and analysis: evolution of the teardown process." Diss., Wichita State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/5150.
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Due to current economic conditions, aircraft are being operated to their design life and
often beyond. In order to assess the true condition of these aging aircraft structures, structural
teardowns have become more common over the past decade. Teardown data fidelity is highly
dependent on the processes developed and implemented to gather the data; therefore, improper
procedure selection often results in the destruction or degradation of teardown findings.
Incorrect implementation of procedures also occurs during teardown programs and frequently
results in increased scatter in the teardown data, which leads to difficulty interpreting the data
and applying the results to the fleet.
No detailed teardown planning process currently exists that incorporates lessons learned
from previous programs. Common problems have occurred in recent teardown programs
resulting in increased costs, schedule, and capacity requirements, and likely degradation or
destruction of teardown data due to the lack of a defined process. A universally accepted
teardown planning process would drastically reduce, or eliminate, these recurring problems.
This research provides a step-by-step process for planning and executing a structural
teardown program with the goal of minimizing or eliminating problems encountered during past
teardown programs. The developed process defines four steps to plan and three steps to execute
a structural teardown. Each of these seven steps provides specific recommendations to avoid
common pitfalls of previous teardown programs. Four case studies of previous and ongoing
teardowns are discussed and the methods implemented are compared to the proposed teardown
process to assess potential improvements when using the proposed method. Costs of the
proposed process are also compared to costs of the case study teardown programs to weight
technical benefit versus increased cost.Thesis (Ph.D.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Aerospace Engineering
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Revelos, Alex D. "The evolution of radiology through product and process innovation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107367.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, Engineering and Management Program, February 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 62-64).
Grounded in visual perception and observation, the tools and techniques used by radiologist are used for both screening and diagnostic purposes throughout the continuum of patient care. Despite the overwhelmingly positive impact that-radiology has played in just over a century, the medical specialty is facing significant challenges such as declining reimbursements and an avalanche of new imaging data. The basic challenge to increase productivity and reduce costs is not necessarily new. In fact, scholars have long observed patterns of successful innovation that contribute to the pace, direction, and progress of many industries. This thesis explores the evolution of radiology through product and process innovation. Special attention is given to the role of labor and equipment specialization in reducing the number of steps while increasing productivity. An analysis of contemporary industry indicators such as residency program application rates and image volumes is presented in order to better understand the current climate of radiology. The goal of this study is to shed light on where the industry has come and where it stands, in order to provide clinicians, engineers, managers and entrepreneurs alike with action ideas to help bring in a new era in radiology.
by Alex D. Revelos.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Mukhopadhyay, Ananya. "Finite element modelling of hot rolling and local microstructural evolution." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299629.
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Amaral, Hiram Carlos Costa. "Sistema Inteligente Ágil de Processo Evolutivo - SIAPE: um protótipo brasileiro de sistemas EPS." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2016. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/5149.
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FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas
Manufacturing emerging paradigms have been used in an attempt to solve the problem of customization, i.e. the manufacture of products with mid and low batches and high variability. Namely Evolvable Production Systems (EPS) has been able to address the problem through the concept of mechatronics agents and a reversal of the local where intelligence (the production process) is in th the manufacturing system. However, there are still many gaps and barriers for the widespread use of EPS, namely the real prototypes that address the concepts of evolvable systems. This work presents the development of an evolvable system called Agile Intelligent System for Evolvable Process (SIAPE), which aimed adpats to demand variations and the evolution of the production system according to the changing of the product. To test the viability of SIAPE was first created a simplified automation prototype called Product UFAM which is compared with the SIAPE prototype itself among their compliance with the requirements of Industry Platform 4.0 (i4.0).
Paradigmas emergentes de fabricação têm sido usados na tentativa de solucionar o problema da customização, isto é, a manufatura de produtos em lotes baixos e com elevados níveis de variedades de produtos. Notadamente os Evolvable Production Systems (EPS) tem conseguido tratar o problema através do conceito de agentes mecatrônicos e de uma inversão do local de onde a inteligência do processo produtivo está dentro do sistema de manufatura. Entretanto, ainda há várias lacunas e barreiras ao amplo uso de EPS, dentre elas a necessidade de protótipos de sistemas que contemplem os conceitos de sistemas evolutivos. Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um sistema evolutivo denominado de Sistema Inteligente Ágil de Processo Evolutivo - SIAPE que visa adaptação à demanda e a evolução do sistema produtivo de acordo com a evolução do produto. Para testar a viabilidade do SIAPE foi criado primeiramente um protótipo de automação simplificado chamado de Produto UFAM que é comparado com o protótipo SIAPE propriamente dito em torno de suas aderências às exigências da Plataforma da Indústria 4.0 (i4.0).
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Koirikivi, R. (Rainer). "The architecture and evolution of computer game engines." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2015. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201512112292.
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In this study, the architecture and evolution of computer game engines are analyzed by means of a literature review on the academic research body on the subject. The history of computer games, from early 1960s to modern day is presented, with a focus on the architectures behind the games.
In the process, this study will answer a selection of research questions. The topics of the questions include identifying the common parts of a game engine, identifying the architectural trends in the evolution from early to present-day games and engines, identifying ways the process of evolution has affected the present state of the engines, and presenting some possible future trends for the evolution.
As findings of the study, common parts of a game engine were identified as the parts that are specific to every game, with the suggestion that more detailed analyses could be made by concentrating on different genres. Increase in the size, modularity and portability of game engines, and improved tooling associated with them were identified as general trends in the evolution from first games to today. Various successful design decisions behind certain influential games were identified, and the way they affect the present state of the engines were discussed. Finally, increased utilization of parallelism, and the move of game engines from genre-specific towards genre-neutral were identified as possible future trends in the evolution.
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BRUNELLI, Valerio. "Analisi Evolutiva del Sistema Spiaggia-Duna in Emilia-Romagna: Processi Morfodinamici e Trasporto Eolico." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2389172.
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Several studies have been carryout to highlight the scientific community about the importance of coastal
beach-dune system in coastal dynamics recognizing. Their ecological and environmental value is very
important, they play a fundamental rule in coastal defense protecting hinterland from flooding with their
raised morphology, contrasting the salt wedge’s intrusion with their water table and moreover they constitute
an important reservoir of sand for beaches
This aspect in the Emilia-Romagna region seems to be particularly important: many coastline features are
characterized by emergency conditions because they are exposed more frequently and dangerously to
phenomena of submersions for sea storm’s events and to a diffuse and intense marine erosion.
Actually, along 130 km of the Emilia-Romagna coastline, 29 km are characterized by the presence of coastal
dunes, of which, approximately 9,5 km belong to the province of Ferrara, approximately 18 km to Ravenna’s
and remaining to the more to south coastal part of the region.
In this paper the results of a regional research are presented trough the application of a methodological
integrated approach (System’s Theory), that aims to analyze and to point out the evident morphoevolutionary
state of crisis in which the Emilia Romagna dunes today are (2008). Another objective is to try to optimize
the management’s policies of natural sedimentary resources, which are today very important for the new
philosophical approaches to coastal problems. The final result is a tool able to supply indications about the
priorities to front and the actions methodologies finalized to the safeguard and the defense of these delicate
environmental subsystems.
It becomes fundamental to have the correct perception of the phenomena in action and to quantify the
“weight” that the several morphodynamic’s agents have in the coastal dune system’s evolution. The
parameterization of such factors, the spatial analysis, the multi-scale and temporal analysis (from 2000 to
today) helps us to identify the relations of mutual interaction between such parameters. Therefore, it’s
possible to extract an Instability beach-Dune system Index (IDI) to establish the state of system’s instability,
and a space-temporal variability allowing their possible future evolution forecasting. Among all the factors,
the anthropic impact of the several tourist activities on the management of coastal spaces, in the Emilia
Romagna region seems to be the most important: only for the province of Ferrara, for example, from 2000 to
today, the areas lacking in vegetation developed on dunes, have increased of approximately 11%. The
majority have become unvegetated ground knots (blowouts), full of recreational structures, or transformed in
tourist’s beaches.
Through the overlap of several classes of land cover distributions (change detection), it is possible to gain
important indications on the dunes erosive trends: of the 9,5 km of the Ferrara’s dune’s coastal strip,
nowadays approximately 4,2 km, is developed through an erosion escarpment with height greater than 1m.
This demonstrates that the exposure to wave action is intense and frequent. In these cases the processes can
reach to abrupt accelerations, till to assume speed and various intensities also from point to point for a same
system; in a short time, the opening of crosses and the development of blowouts can put in crisis the whole
dune’s system and expose the inlands to a risk. In 11 cases on 23, the front beach highlights an erosion trend
and the width is less then 20m with the dune’s foot which is often constituted by temporary accumulation
generated by landslides of the erosion walls.
Therefore, this job has been integrated with a study on the wind’s “potentialities” to contribute to the
maintenance and/or the development of dunes, by applying a conceptual model (Kadib, 1983; Bagnold,
1941) that allows to gain an annual potential sedimentary budget for each system, in relation to the medium
climate and to the morphological and sedimentary characteristics of the system. Such aspect can supply
important indications during all the steps of a coastal action, beginning from the planning and realization of
sedimentary traps, till their positioning and direction. Moreover, the obtained results above all demonstrate
as such methodological approach can represent a real, useful, regional scale instrument to all policies of
coastal land management, to the research on new technical of actions or to program and optimize the
resources.
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Grassiotto, Maria Luiza Fava. "A dinâmica do processo evolutivo dos centros comerciais: aspectos do planejamento físico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16132/tde-08112010-142314/.
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Este trabalho procura demonstrar que a multifuncionalidade dos centros comerciais planejados contribui de forma decisiva para acelerar a sua consolidação. A parte teórica se apoia particularmente nos trabalhos de Eberhard Ziedler, Heliana C. Vargas, Lucrécia D\'A. Ferrara, Herman Hertzberger, Richard Rogers e Carlos J. L. Balsas. Quanto à base empírica os centros comerciais escolhidos foram estudados a partir de uma abordagem generalista, até uma análise mais pormenorizada, crítica, de quatro estudos de caso (o Shopping Parque D. Pedro de Campinas, o Centro Industrial e Empresarial AlphaVille de Barueri, o Catuaí Shopping Center de Londrina e o BarraShopping do Rio de Janeiro), chegando-se à definição de três fases em seu processo evolutivo: a de implantação, de desenvolvimento e consolidação. A partir da análise dos padrões atuais, foi possível a idealização de um cronograma hipotético de instalação de um centro comercial condizente com a realidade brasileira. Algumas recomendações para um melhor planejamento e projeto foram elaboradas. Ao final, apenas para ilustrar a metodologia idealizada, apresenta-se um exercício de aplicação que propõe um centro comercial multifuncional para a cidade de Maringá - PR.This text advances the premise that the multifunction of planned commercial centers contributes in a decisive way to accelerate its consolidation. Eberhard Ziedler, Heliana C. Vargas, Lucrécia D\'A. Ferrara, Herman Hertzberger, Richard Rogers and Carlos J. L. Balsas, researches, support the theoretical part. With regard to the empiric basis, the chosen commercial centers were studied from a generalist approach toward a detailed and critical analysis concerning four cases (Shopping Parque D. Pedro - Campinas, Centro Industrial e Empresarial AlphaVille - Barueri, Catuaí Shopping Center - Londrina and BarraShopping - Rio de Janeiro). This leaded to the definition of the commercial centers three-evolution phases: implantation, development and consolidation. The recent standard analysis turned possible the idealization of a hypothetical chronogram viewing a commercial center installation suitable to Brazilian reality. For better planning and design some recommendations were elaborated. Finally to illustrate the idealized methodology, an application exercise proposing a multifunction commercial center to the City of Maringá -PR, is presented.
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Andrade, Filho Valdir Barreto. "Determinação da maturidade em gerenciamento de projetos em instituições de pesquisa do agronegocio do Estado de São Paulo e proposta de modelo de apoio a decisão de caminho evolutivo em maturidade." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256965.
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Orientador: Luiz Henrique Antunes RodriguesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
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Resumo: A necessidade de eficiência e eficácia, motivada pelo ambiente competitivo, pelas exigências de mercado e pela escassez de recursos, torna a disciplina de Gerência de Projetos cada vez mais importante para as Organizações. Saber, portanto, como o Gerenciamento dos Projetos é desempenhado torna-se um conhecimento importante para que estas entendam suas forças e fraquezas e a partir daí possam definir como evoluir. Modelos de Maturidade em Gerenciamento de Projetos são ferramentas para se obter este conhecimento e, particularmente, o "Organizational Project Management Maturity Model" (OPM3), pela sua abrangência e por ter sido criado pelo organismo internacional mais conceituado atualmente nesta área, o "Project Management Institute" (PMI), se afigura como um importante modelo para se aferir o "status" da Organização em relação a seus processos de Gerenciamento de Projetos. Dada a importância do Agronegócio no país e do papel desempenhado pelas Instituições de Pesquisa do Agronegócio do Estado de S. Paulo, pelo seu volume de Projetos e por sua importância no cenário nacional torna-se importante a determinação de como estas Instituições se posicionam em termos de Maturidade no Gerenciamento de seus Projetos. Tomando como hipóteses que o grau de maturidade das Instituições de Pesquisa do Agronegócio do Estado de S. Paulo é semelhante ao da maioria das organizações do País e de que as Instituições em estágio mais avançado compartilham de práticas comuns, este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar a Maturidade em Gerenciamento de Projetos de um conjunto destas Instituições, bem como o desenvolvimento de um modelo de apoio à decisão que oriente estas Instituições na definição de sua evolução em Maturidade. Para realizá-lo, aplicou-se as técnicas preconizadas pelo modelo OPM3 - questionários e "software" específico - a um conjunto de pesquisadores de diversas Instituições, adaptando-as ao contexto específico de apenas se investigar Projetos, não considerando Programas ou Portfólios. Os resultados indicam a confirmação das Hipóteses, apresentando-se, inclusive, as Melhores Práticas comuns às Instituições em estágio maior de evolução. O modelo proposto de apoio à decisão, baseado no método "Analytic Hierarchy Process" (AHP), apresenta uma hierarquia de um único nível englobando os Domínios, os Estágios, os Grupos de Processos e as Áreas de Conhecimento. À hierarquia é adicionada uma estrutura desenvolvida originalmente neste trabalho (Matriz de Pertinência) para que a prioridade das ações de evolução seja definida O modelo mostra-se factível do ponto de vista prático e abrange todos os domínios do Gerenciamento de Projetos Organizacional. Palavras-chave: Processo de Análise Hierárquica (AHP); Modelo de Maturidade do Gerenciamento de Projetos Organizacional (OPM3); Melhor Prática; Instituto de Gerenciamento de Projetos (PMI)
Abstract: The necessity of efficiency and effectiveness, motivated by the current competitive environment, market needs and lack of resources, brought Project Management to a top position inside Organizations. To know how Project Management is performed becomes a very important knowledge for these organizations in order to learn their strengths and weaknesses. With this knowledge they will be able to define how to evolve in this aspect. Project Management Maturity Models are tools to obtain this knowledge. The Organizational Project Management Maturity Model (OPM3), by its comprehensiveness e due the fact that it was developed by the most considered international institution in this subject, the Project Management Institute (PMI), may be considered as an important model to measure the Organization "status" related to its Project Management processes. Taking into account the Agribusiness relevance in Brazil and the role performed by Agribusiness Research Institutes in São Paulo State, by their Project numbers and by their relevance in Brazil's research environment, it becomes very relevant to know how these Institutions are positioned concerning about Project Management Maturity in their Projects. Taking as hypothesis that the Agribusiness Research Institutes in São Paulo State maturity level is similar to the most country's Organizations and that Institutions in a more evolved level share a common Best Practices nucleous, this work aims to show the Project Management Maturity of some of these Institutions and, also, the development of a decision support model that help them to define their evolution path. In order to do it, OPM3 techniques were applied - a questionnaire and OPM3 specific software - to a selected researchers group from some Institutions, adapting them to the Project Management specific context and leaving outside Programs and Portfolios. The results confirm both Hypothesis, and the Best Practices nucleous is showed. The decision support model proposed, based in the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), shows an one level hierarchy including the Domains, the Stages, the Processes Groups and the Knowledge Areas. One originally developed structure is added to the hierarchy (Pertinency Matrix) to allow the evolution actions prioritization. The model is feasible to pratical use and includes all of the Organizational Project Management domains. Keywords: Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP); Organizational Project Management Maturity Model (OPM3); Best Practice; Project Management Institute (PMI)
Mestrado
Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável
Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola
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Amiri, Haleh. "Patterns and Processes of Molecular Evolution in Rickettsia." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2002. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5248-5/.
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Leong, Yuen Yoong. "Biopharmaceutical development networks : architecture, dynamic processes and evolution." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615052.
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Schofield, Alexander Anthony. "Simulation of colour evolution in QCD scattering processes." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/simulation-of-colour-evolution-in-qcd-scattering-processes(3db98a37-23b0-4f00-bb93-ab293791aa88).html.
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We investigate the effects of colour evolution in QCD scattering processes and how these can be implemented in both analytical and numerical approaches. We split this in to four parts where each part is given in one chapter. In the first chapter we give a brief summary of the important aspects of QCD which are needed as a basis for the rest of the investigation. In addition to this, we describe different sets of formalisms for handling colour within interactions. We then give a brief review of the components of a Monte-Carlo event generator. In the second chapter we review previous work by the author on jet vetoes and their implementation in the Monte-Carlo event generator Herwig++. We describe the analytical method for studying jet vetoes and then discuss the differences between this method and that which is used in the original parton shower of Herwig++. Once this is done we make changes to both the analytical approach and Herwig++ in order to investigate these differences. We then show the results for an improved parton shower as a result of this investigation. In the third chapter we consider the effects of tuning the parameters within Herwig++. We investigate what parameters are likely to have the most changes to observables given the modifications made in the previous chapter. We then produce seven tunes to different sets of observables and discuss said tunes. In the fourth and final chapter we discuss the effects of sub-leading colour within the analytical approach and in a potential numerical setup. We discuss a set of potential algorithms for implementing sub-leading colour within a standalone parton shower.
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Schumann, Sandra. "Evolution von Distanzmaßen für chirurgische Prozesse." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-143096.
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Der Operationssaal ist ein hochkomplexes System mit dem Ziel patientenindividuelle Therapien zum Erfolg zu führen. Schwerpunkt dieser Arbeit ist der Arbeitsablauf des Chirurgen. Ein chirurgischer Prozess beinhaltet die durchgeführten
Arbeitsschritte des Operateurs während eines Eingriffffs. Der protokollierte chirurgische Prozess ist Ausgangspunkt der Untersuchungen.
Es wurde eine Methodik entwickelt, die mit statistischen und standardisierten Verfahren Unterschiede zwischen dem Ablauf verschiedener chirurgischer Prozesse messen kann. Dazu wurden die vier Distanzmaße Jaccard, Levenshtein, Adjazenz und Graphmatching auf chirurgische Prozesse angewandt. Eine Evaluation anhand von Daten einer Trainingsstudie zur Untersuchung laparoskopischer Instrumente in der minimalinvasiven Chirurgie bildet die Grundlage zur Bestimmung von Levenshteindistanz und Adjazenzdistanz als die Maße, die optimal geeignet sind Unterschiede zwischen chirurgen Prozessen zu messen.
Die Retrospektivität der Distanzanalyse wird aufgehoben indem folgende Hypothese untersucht wird: Es gibt einen Zusammenhang zwischen der Distanz zur Laufzeit eines chirurgischen Eingriffs mit der Distanz nach kompletten Ablauf des
Eingriffs. Die Hypothese konnte bestätigt werden.
Der Zusammenhang zwischen Prozessablauf und Qualität des Prozessergebnisses wird mit folgender Hypothese untersucht: Je größer die Distanz eines chirurgischen Prozesses zum Best Practice, desto schlechter ist das Prozessergebnis. In der Chirurgie ist der Best Practice der chirurgische Prozess, der als die beste
Prozedur angesehen wird, um das angestrebte Therapieziel zu erreichen. Auch diese Hypothese konnte bestätigt werden.
Die Anwendung der Distanzmaße in der klinischen Praxis erfolgte beispielhaft an Eingriffffen aus der Neurochirurgie (zervikale Diskektomie) und der HNO (Neck Dissection).
Insgesamt wurde mit der in dieser Arbeit dargelegten grundlegenden Methodik der Distanzmaße bei der Analyse chirurgischer Prozesse ein Grundstein für vielfältige weitere Untersuchungen gelegt.
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Staudt, Tarcísio. "Sucessão de gestão em empresa familiar Calçados Andreza S.A.: um estudo de caso." Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2006. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/2800.
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O presente estudo procura demonstrar os reflexos econômicos e financeiros observados em uma empresa, ocorridos após a transferência da sua gestão da primeira para a segunda geração. A investigação dos procedimentos empregados em uma sucessão familiar foi desenvolvida na empresa Calçados Andreza S.A, organização familiar do ramo de exportação de artigos de couro, localizada no município de Santa Clara do Sul, RS, que se viu obrigada a transmitir o poder ao segundo herdeiro da ordem cronológica, por questões alheias à sucessão natural. A pesquisa foi classificada como de abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, através de um estudo de caso, transcorrida por observações e questionários de entrevistas realizadas com onze gestores da empresa (entre os quais o sucedido e o sucessor), nove funcionários em exercício e dois ex-funcionários, no propósito de verificar as principais características da gestão de uma empresa familiar. O exame dos documentos contábeis contribuiu para a verificação do comportamento da empresa a
The present study tries to demonstrate the economical and financial reflexes that took place in a company after the transference of its administration from the first to the second generation. The investigation of the employed procedures in a family succession was developed in the company Calçados Andreza S. A. This is a family organization of the branch of export of leather goods, located in the municipal district of Santa Clara do Sul, RS, which was forced to transmit the control to the second heir in the chronological order, for subjects strange to the natural succession. The research was classified as of qualitative and quantitative approach, through a case study, accomplished through observations and questionnaires of interviews with eleven managers of the company (among them the ancient owner and the successor) nine employees in exercise and two former-employees. The purpose was to verify the main characteristics of the administration of a family company. The exam of the accounting documents contributed
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Burleigh, John Gordon. "Variation in the process of molecular evolution and its impact on phylogenetic inference /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3052155.
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Hirst, Anthony John. "Adaptive evolution in static and dynamic environments." Thesis, Open University, 1998. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57869/.
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This thesis provides a framework for describing a canonical evolutionary system. Populations of individuals are envisaged as traversing a search space structured by genetic and developmental operators under the influence of selection. Selection acts on individuals' phenotypic expressions, guiding the population over an evaluation landscape, which describes an idealised evaluation surface over the phenotypic space. The corresponding valuation landscape describes evaluations over the genotypic space and may be transformed by within generation adaptive (learning) or maladaptive (fault induction) local search. Populations subjected to particular genetic and selection operators are claimed to evolve towards a region of the valuation landscape with a characteristic local ruggedness, as given by the runtime operator correlation coefficient. This corresponds to the view of evolution discovering an evolutionarily stable population, or quasi-species, held in a state of dynamic equilibrium by the operator set and evaluation function. This is demonstrated by genetic algorithm experiments using the NK landscapes and a novel, evolvable evaluation function, The Tower of Babel. In fluctuating environments of varying temporal ruggedness, different operator sets are correspondingly more or less adapted. Quantitative genetics analyses of populations in sinusoidally fluctuating conditions are shown to describe certain well known electronic filters. This observation suggests the notion of Evolutionary Signal Processing. Genetic algorithm experiments in which a population tracks a sinusoidally fluctuating optimum support this view. Using a self-adaptive mutation rate, it is possible to tune the evolutionary filter to the environmental frequency. For a time varying frequency, the mutation rate reacts accordingly. With local search, the valuation landscape is transformed through temporal smoothing. By coevolving modifier genes for individual learning and the rate at which the benefits may be directly transmitted to the next generation, the relative adaptedness of individual learning and cultural inheritance according to the rate of environmental change is demonstrated.
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Kuvaja, P. (Pasi). "Software process capability and maturity determination:BOOTSTRAP methodology and its evolution." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2012. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526200309.
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Abstract Software process assessment and improvement came under the spotlight in the discussion of software engineering when the Software Engineering Institute published the maturity model for software process capability determination in 1987. Since then, several new approaches and standards have been developed. This thesis introduces a European software process assessment and improvement methodology called BOOTSTRAP, which was initially developed in an ESPRIT project starting from lean and kaizen philosophy. The focus is on the evolution of methodology and how it was developed, using an experimental research approach. The work covers also enhancements to the methodology investigated in the SPICE, PROFES and TAPISTRY projects. The enhancements expand the original methodology into new specific application areas, keep it compliant with new quality standards and certification, improve the efficiency of the assessment method, enhance the focus from process to product and strengthen improvement monitoring and support. To address these areas, the new BOOTSTRAP methodology releases offer tailored and enhanced assessment reference models and enhanced assessment and improvement methods. The new features also facilitate more frequent and even continuous assessments with software measurement-based indicators. The thesis explains the origin and features of BOOTSTRAP software process assessment and improvement methodology and how it was developed for professional use. The discussion starts with the evolution of the methodology. Then the new trends and demands are introduced and new features of the BOOTSTRAP methodology described. The conclusion discusses how the methodology developed to be able successfully to support professional software process assessment, to align it with the evolution of software engineering, to adopt the features and requirements of the underlying standards in order to conform to the requirements set by ISO 15504 standard and to become validated in practiceTiivistelmä Ohjelmistoprosessin arvioinnista ja parantamisesta tuli ohjelmistotekniikan keskeinen kiinnostuksen kohde kun Carnegie-Mellon yliopiston ohjelmistotekniikan instituutti SEI julkaisi kypsyysmallinsa ohjelmistoprosessin kyvykkyyden arviointiin vuonna 1987. Siitä lähtien maailmalla on syntynyt lukuisa määrä uusia malleja ja standardeja tälle alueelle. Tässä väitöskirjassa esitellään eurooppalainen ohjelmistoprosessin arviointi- ja parantamismenetelmä BOOTSTRAP, joka kehitettiin alun perin Euroopan unionin ESPRIT tutkimusohjelman rahoittamassa projektissa lähtien japanilaisesta ohut-ajattelusta (Lean) ja sen jatkuvan parantamisen periaatteesta (Kaizen). Esitys keskittyy menetelmän kehittymiseen ja siihen miten menetelmä käytännössä kehitettiin käyttäen kokeellista tutkimustapaa teollisessa ympäristössä. Työ kattaa myös alkuperäiseen menetelmään tehdyt laajennukset, jotka syntyivät yhteistyössä SPICE, PROFES ja TAPISTRY projekteissa tehdyn tutkimuksen tuloksena. Tehdyt laajennukset mahdollistavat menetelmän käytön uusilla sovellusalueilla, takaavat menetelmän yhteensopivuuden alan laatu- ja sertifiointistandardien kanssa, parantavat menetelmän tehokkuutta, laajentavat menetelmän käyttöaluetta prosessin arvioinnista sisältämään myös tuotteen kehittämisen arvioinnin ja vahvistavat parantamisen seurantaa ja tukemista. Toteuttaakseen näiden uusien ominaisuuksien vaatimukset uudet BOOTSTRAP menetelmän julkistukset tarjoavat räätälöityjä ja laajennettuja mallikuvauksia arviointien tekemiseksi sekä entistä täydellisempiä lähestymistapoja arviointien suorittamiselle ja parantamiselle. Menetelmän uudet ominaisuudet mahdollistavat myös usein toistuvien arviointien suorittamisen ja jopa jatkuvan arvioinnin ohjelmisto-mittauksia hyödyntäen. Väitöskirjassa kuvataan yksityiskohtaisesti BOOTSTRAP menetelmän lähtö-kohdat ja ominaisuudet ja se kuinka menetelmä onnistuttiin kehittämään ammattimaiseen ohjelmistoprosessin arviointiin ja parantamiseen sopivaksi. Ensin kuvataan menetelmän kehittyminen ja sitten edetään alan uusien kehitystrendien ja vaatimusten esittelyyn siihen kuinka BOOTSTRAP menetelmä uudet ominaisuudet vastaavat näihin vaatimuksiin. Yhteenvedossa osoitetaan kuinka kehittämisessä onnistuttiin saamaan aikaan uusi menetelmä, joka sopii ammattimaiseen ohjelmistoprosessin arviointiin, vastaa kaikilta osin alan kehittymisen vaatimuksia, sisältää alan standardien vaatimukset täyttävät käytännössä koestetut ominaisuudet, jotka takaavat menetelmän vastaavuuden ISO 15504 standardin vaatimuksiin
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Chilton, J. L. "The evolution of the brittle deformation process in uniaxial compression." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439131.
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Tucker, Celia. "Alternative Creatures for an Alternative Space: a Process of Evolution." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2004. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0330104-163955/unrestricted/TuckerC042604f.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--East Tennessee State University, 2004.Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-0330104-163955. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.
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Ginige, Jeewani A. "Change impact analysis to manage process evolution in web workflows." Thesis, View thesis, 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/32727.
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Organisations have processes to manage their business activities, often referred to as business processes. In today’s competitive global economy, automation of processes with appropriate technology is advantageous. However, the paradox of processes automation is the continuous evolution and change that occurs in business processes. As the business processes evolve and change, the underpinning automated systems need to reflect those changes. Even after a decade of research in the areas of business process automation (BPA) and business process evolution management (BPEM), organisations still find it challenging to manage evolution of automated processes. Therefore, this thesis finds answers to the question of “How can business process evolutions be accurately and effectively reflected in already implemented web-based workflow systems?” In order to provide a holistic solution to the above research question, this research introduces a framework named paradigm of process automation – PoPA framework and discusses its role in managing process evolution. This framework embodies a business process at four levels as pragmatic, semantic, syntactic, and implementation. Each of these levels deals with a distinctive representation of a business process. For example, the pragmatic level represents the contextual artefact elements such as Acts, policies, organisational structures, rules, and guidelines; that define a process, and the syntactic level denotes the models created for the purposes of automation. When a change takes place in any one of the levels of the PoPA framework, it creates a propagating impact on elements in the above-mentioned four levels. This propagation of impact takes place due to constraints, associations, dependencies (CAD) among elements within and across the levels (intra and inter-level CAD). When analysing intra and inter-level CAD most correlations are found to be hierarchical; therefore, a relational database structure is appropriate to capture these hierarchical associations. However, operational processes at the semantic level have complex associations, which are not hierarchical. Therefore, this research proposes to use Kleene Algebra with Test (KAT) for representing CAD at the semantic level. Propagating impact does not exclusively depend on inter and intra-level CAD, but is also closely associated with the nature of evolution. Depending on the nature of evolution, the propagating impact can be categorised as direct, indirect, secondary, and non-cautionary (DISN) impact. These DISN impacts suggest the severity of the propagating impact. The core contribution of this research is the Process Evolution and Change Impact Analysis (PECIA) Model, which enables the management of process evolution accurately and effectively in automated systems. In this research, a process automation project named Online Courses Approval System (OCAS) is used as an exploratory case study. The practical utility of the PECIA Model is validated using evolution scenarios of OCAS and epistemic utility is analysed based on a study of the literature. Amidst a plethora of literature on BPA and BPEM, this research is significant due to the following theoretical contributions that facilitate in managing automated processes in tandem with organisational process evolution: ���� PECIA Model holistically captures inter and intra-level CAD of process elements facilitating the propagating impact analysis within and across the four levels of the PoPA framework. • A novel use of KAT to capture CAD among process elements cohesively and completely into linear expressions, in order to analyse the impact propagation. • An algorithm that analyses KAT expressions of a process, to locate DISN impacts so that evolutions can be carried out accurately and effectively. The future works that arise from this work are manifold. These may include improving the use of the PECIA Model as a corporate process knowledge repository, and exploring possible other uses of the PECIA Model and KAT based process expressions.
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Ginige, Jeewani A. "Change impact analysis to manage process evolution in web workflows." View thesis, 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/32727.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2008.A thesis submitted to the University of Western Sydney, College of Health and Science, School of Computing and Mathematics in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographical references.
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Lopez, Dubon Sergio Antonio. "Width variations in river meandering evolution and chute cutoff process." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427267.
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Many models have been proposed to simulate and understand the long-term evolution of meandering rivers. Nevertheless, some modeling problem still needs to be solved, e.g., the stability of long-term simulations when width variations are accounted for. The present thesis proposes a physics-statistical based approach to simulate the river bank evolution, such that erosion and deposition processes act independently, with a specific shear stress threshold for each of them. In addition, the width evolution is linked with a river-specific parametric probability distribution. The analysis of a representative sample of meandering configurations, extracted from Lidar images, indicate that Generalized Extreme Values (GEV) probability density function nicely describe the along channel cross-section width distribution. For a given river, the parameters of the distribution keep almost constant in time, with significant variations observed only as after cutoff events that significantly sharpen the length of the river. The constraint of the river width based on the assumption of a GEV probability distribution ensures as the river moves throughout the floodplain adapting its width, the stability of long-term simulations. The application of the model to a reach of the Ucayali river appears to satisfactorily reproduce the planform evolution of the river and yields realistic values of the cross-section widths.
The second topic considered in the thesis is the formation of chute cutoffs, which produce substantial and non-local changes in the river planform, thereby affecting the morphological evolution. The occurrence of this type of cutoffs is one of the less predictable events in the evolution of rivers, as a multiplicity of control factors are involved in their formation and maintenance. Significant contributions have appeared in the literature in the recent years, which shed light on the complex mechanisms that first lead to the incision of chutes through the floodplain, and that eventually determines the fate of both the cutoff bend and the new channel. However, the subject is not yet settled, and a systematic physic-based framework is still missing. In this thesis, two different forcing factors leading to chute cutoffs are highlighted, the channelized flow inertia and the topographic and sedimentary heterogeneity of the floodplain. Using two hydrodynamic models, the general features of the processes leading to chute cutoffs are investigated by assessing a few representative case studies.Molti modelli sono stati proposti per simulare e comprendere l'evoluzione a lungo termine dei fiumi meandriformi. Ciò nonostante, alcuni problemi di modellazione ancora necessitano di essere risolti, come ad esempio la stabilità delle simulazioni a lungo termine quando sono tenute in considerazione le variazioni di larghezza. Questa tesi propone un approccio fisicamente-statisticamente basato per simulare l'evoluzione dell'argine del fiume, cosicché i processi di erosione e deposizione agiscano indipendentemente, con una soglia di sforzi tangenziali specifica per ciascuno di essi. Inoltre, l'evoluzione della larghezza è connessa con una distribuzione di probabilità specifica per ogni fiume. Le analisi di un campione rappresentativo di configurazioni meandriformi, estratte da immagini Lidar, indicano che la funzione di densità Generalizzata dei Valori Estremi (GEV) descrive in bene la distribuzione delle larghezze lungo la sezione trasversale del canale. Per un dato fiume, i parametri della della distribuzione si mantengono praticamente costanti nel tempo, con variazioni significative osservate solo nel caso in cui eventi di "taglio del meandro" allunghino significativamente la lunghezza del fiume. il vincolo della larghezza del fiume basato sull'assunzione della distribuzione di probabilità GEV assicura la stabilità delle simulazioni a lungo termine, mano a mano che il fiume si sposta attraverso la piana alluvionale adattando la sua larghezza. L'applicazione del modello a un ramo del fiume Ucayali sembra riprodurre in maniera soddisfacente l'evoluzione della pianura del fiume e produce valori realistici delle larghezze della sezione trasversale. Il secondo argomento considerato nella tesi è la formazione di chute cutoff, che producono cambiamenti sostanziali e non locali nella piana del fiume, influenzando in tal modo l'evoluzione morfologica. L'occorrenza di questo tipo di cutoff è uno degli eventi meno prevedibili nell'evoluzione dei fiumi, dal momento che un gran numero di fattori di controllo sono coinvolti nella loro formazione e mantenimento. Negli ultimi anni contributi significativi sono comparsi in letteratura, che chiariscono i complessi meccanismi che dapprima portano all'incisione dei chutes attraverso la piana alluvionale, e che alla fine determina il destino sia della curva tagliata e del nuovo canale. In ogni caso, l'argomento non è ancora risolto, e una struttura sistematica fisicamente basata è ancora mancante. In questa tesi, sono evidenziati due differenti fattori forzanti che portano alla formazione di chute cutoffs, l'inerzia del flusso canalizzato e l'eterogeneità topografica e dei sedimenti della pianura alluvionale. Usando due modelli idrodinamici, vengono studiate le caratteristiche generali dei processi che guidano i chute cutoffs, valutando alcuni casi studio rappresentativi.
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Beckley, Colin. "Natural selection and natural processes : a philosophical examination of the processes of evolution." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2012. https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/76e8697b-c2b8-4d91-8790-08b637fcbc79/1/.
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This thesis concerns evolution and how it is explained. The ambition here is to identify clearly the many aspects of evolution, and to evaluate past and present explanations of evolution for their coherence and validity. Historically natural selection has been taken to be the central and main explanans, with other explanations playing lesser roles. Here it will be argued that the sheer complexity and diversity within nature cannot be accounted for by any single explanatory mechanism and that a plurality of explanatory mechanisms is required. Loading natural selection with the main weight of explanation is an overburden which, far from strengthening its explanatory powers, actually renders it vacuous. A critical historical and philosophical examination of the concept of natural selection reveals that it has never received a formal scientific definition that commands universal respect. This has created a problem of demarcation between that which natural selection can legitimately be said to explain and that which it cannot. In fact, the ontology of natural selection is equivocal, giving rise to the many controversies that have plagued evolutionary biology. The disambiguation of the concept of natural selection is the principle aim of this thesis and guidelines on how this should be accomplished are provided. However, should these reforming guidelines fail to achieve a consensus then a more radical alternative is proposed. It is recommended that the selective terminology is replaced with the less anomalous and demanding principle of ‘meeting the conditions of existence’. Moreover, talk of the evolution and origins by means of natural selection is to be replaced by talk of evolution and origins by means of natural processes. Finally, drawing from a ‘Structuralist’ alternative, it will be demonstrated that biological evolution should not be divorced from general or cosmological evolution. Rather, elucidation should be drawn more deeply from the fields of physics, chemistry, mathematics and topology, without the use of selection-tinted spectacles.
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Gottardi, Thiago. "A proposal for the evolution of model-driven software." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-09112018-102226/.
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In the Model-Driven Software Engineering (MDSE) context, software production can be performed by defining models. Despite the advantages of this methodology, different domains require specific support tools and modeling languages, which, in turn, must be developed along with the final software. Because of this, developers face problems when applying the method. The objective of this work is twofold: 1) to identify the most critical problems when developing with this method; 2) discuss and provide possible solutions to those problems. The critical problems were identified by performing a systematic mapping, empirical studies, collaborations and interviews with specialists. It has been identified that MDSE, according to basic literature, has an excessively high abstraction level which leads to a lack of adequate processes and developer training, besides the need for modeling tools. A new method is necessary to allow developers to treat models and source-code differently. Therefore, in this thesis, the need for evolving MDSE processes is discussed. In this manner, this work introduces a new development method described as a possible concrete evolution of MDSE that defines a paradigm for software development. This method is defined along with domain specific languages, a tool-chain and sample software systems. After conducting analytic and experimental studies, it has been concluded that these applications also represent a valuable contribution for implementing service-oriented systems which can be employed in real world applications.No contexto da Engenharia de Software Dirigida por Modelos (MDSE), a produção de software pode ser realizada por meio de definições de modelos. Apesar dos benefícios desse método de desenvolvimento, diferentes domínios exigem a especificação de linguagens de modelagem e ferramentas específicas, que, por sua vez, precisam ser desenvolvidos em conjunto com o software final. Desta forma, desenvolvedores encontram problemas ao utilizar este método. Este trabalho possui duplo objetivo: 1) identificar os problemas mais críticos deste método; 2) discutir e fornecer possíveis soluções aos problemas. A identificação de problemas foi realizada por meio de um mapeamento sistemático, estudos empíricos, colaborações e entrevistas com especialistas. Foi identificado que MDSE, de acordo com a literatura básica, possui um nível de abstração excessivamente alto, acarretando em carência de processos adequados e de treinamento de desenvolvedores que vão além de problemas de necessidade de ferramentas de modelagem. Portanto, nesta tese, discute-se a necessidade de evoluir processos de MDSE que permita aos desenvolvedores uma nova forma de tratar modelos e código-fonte. Para tanto, neste trabalho também é descrito um novo método de desenvolvimento, descrito como uma possível evolução concreta do MDSE, o qual define um paradigma para desenvolver software. Este método é exemplificado em várias aplicações dentro deste trabalho. Após conduzir estudos analíticos e experimentais, concluiu-se que estas aplicações também possibilitam uma contribuição significativa no domínio de software orientado a serviços que podem ser empregadas em software do mundo real.
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Teixeira, Wendel de Brito Lemos. "A prova ilícita no processo civil constitucional: (in)admissibilidade e consequências jurídicas." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2013. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/13204.
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La presente dissertazione si propone di investigare l ammissibilità o meno della prova
illecita nella fase attuale del processo civile e quali sono le conseguenze giuridiche
procesuale di questa (in)ammissibilità. A questo scopo, si esaminano le fasi evolutive
del processo civile e si giunge alla conclusione dell esistenza di una nuova fase,
chiamata neoprocessualismo ovvero processo civile costituzionale, con caratteristiche
proprie. Si studia, altresì, la relazione della verità e della prova, eleggendo all interno
delle principali teorie della conoscenza (teorie della verità) la logica-razionale del
linguaggio, indicando essere quest ultima quella che più si trova in consonanza con la
realtà attuale del Diritto e della prova nel processo civile costituzionale. Ancora, si
indaga sul concetto di prova, difendendo la possibilità di una concezione unitaria, e
viepiù si analizzano le sue caratteristiche, i suoi effetti e le sue limitazioni. Si studia,
successivamente, la prova illecita nel suo sembiante storico e nelle principali
legislazioni straniere, oltre al suo concetto ed alle teorie tradizionali riguardo la sua
ammissibilità. Cerchiamo di contribuire alla sistematizzazione delle prove illecita nella
procedura civile, proponendo l\'analisi di tale istituto nell a prospettiva jus-filosofica
(neoprocessualsimo e verità logica ragionevole del linguaggio) che culmina nel giusto
processo, di ammissibilità delle prove relative illegale.A presente dissertação busca investigar a admissibilidade ou não da prova ilícita, na atual fase do processo civil, e quais as consequências jurídicas no processo dessa (in)admissibilidade. Para tanto, examinam-se as fases evolutivas do processo civil e chega-se à conclusão sobre a existência de uma nova fase chamada neoprocessualismo ou processo civil constitucional, portadora de características próprias. Estuda-se ainda a relação entre a verdade e a prova, elegendo dentre as principais teorias do conhecimento (teorias da verdade) a teoria da lógico-razoável da linguagem, apontando ser esta a que mais se coaduna com a realidade atual do Direito e da prova no processo civil constitucional. Investiga-se também o conceito de prova; defende-se a possibilidade de um conceito unitário e analisam-se suas características, efeitos e limitações. Estuda-se depois a prova ilícita no seu aspecto histórico e nas principais legislações estrangeiras, além de seu conceito e das teorias tradicionais sobre sua admissibilidade. Tenta-se, assim, contribuir para a sistematização da prova ilícita do processo civil, propondo-se a análise de tal instituto numa perspectiva jus-filosófico (neoprocessualismo e verdade lógico-razoável da linguagem) que culmina no justo processo, por meio da admissibilidade relativa da prova ilícita.
Mestre em Direito Público
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Miller, Luke Rex. "Evolution of highly fecund organisms." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:60a9fcc7-b939-4075-be31-ed69014ad898.
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We develop and study the high-density limit of various new models in mathematical pop- ulation genetics. These models extend the Λ-Fleming–Viot process when there are two genetic types at the locus of study. Given a finite sample from a population undergoing these dynamics, a key tool for understanding the corresponding genealogy is the method of duality. We introduce the reproduction-linked mutation mechanism and consider how this affects the process of relative allelic frequencies and the genealogy. The second generalization incorporates two forms of natural selection – differential killing and differential birth. We contrast the structure of their genealogies. Several properties of the block size spectra of the Kingman and Beta coalescents are also investigated, including their behaviour as they come down from infinity.
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Marjamäki, P. (Pekka). "Evolution and trends of business intelligence systems:a systematic mapping study." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201705031654.
Full textAbstract:
Business Intelligence or BI can be defined as an umbrella term describing a combination of applications, infrastructures, tools, processes, best practises and methods to gather, prepare, provide and analyse data to support decision making activities in organizations. BI is noted to have ties to preceding research on similar systems, known as MIS, DSS and EIS-systems. BI is noted to have been born after requirement to answer the challenges of data gathering and turning the data into knowledge for decision-making. Early BI-development can be seen to have be affected by the development and lowering in costs of technologies in data gathering, analysis, interactivity and personal computing, as well as the introduction of spreadsheet programs in 1980s. Today, BI is noted to be the top investment-area for IT-organizations. Because of multidimensional nature and several viewpoints, it can be challenging to gain an overall view of the area. It is also noted, that a standardized framework of the different BI-related layers or aspects does not exist. The goal of this thesis is to identify which aspects can be noted central for BI, how the area has developed over time, how technological innovation has affected BI and which industries or aspects are noticed to have influenced the development most.
Systematic Mapping Study is used as the main research methodology in this thesis, together with PRISMA, which is used for a more scrutinized review during the selection process. The methods were used to review a large number of studies, gathered from academic databases using a formalized search string. The process provided with two sets of primary studies with total number of 2020 for studying the trends and central aspects in the area of BI and 1414 for studying the industries.
From the results, BI is noted to have gained popularity early 2000s, peaking in 2012–2013, while fading coming to 2016. The results show the central aspects for BI from high-level to be: strategic aspects, data warehousing methods and BI-infrastructure. From more detail, the central aspects are noted to be strategic aspects, data warehousing, BI-design aspects, real-time functionalities, visualization features, decision support, collaborative support, reporting and cloud infrastructure. The major industries influencing BI-development and research is noted to be finance and banking, healthcare, supply chain, e-commerce, manufacturing and education. Today, most notable interest is noticed in Big Data. In future, Big Data, self-service, collaboration features, visualization, user aspects and mobility are predicted as some of the rising topics. BI is noted shifting more into non-profit organizations and extending the use-context. Major changes in the area are seen to be caused by IT-base innovation, while most changes in BI may be seen to be caused by services-innovation where new industries and methods are found to utilize BI-technology.
BI is noted as a very strategic entity, consisting of data warehousing methods, different decision support methods and technologies. In the future, BI-technology will be spread into more widespread use and the lessons learnt might be valuable for the predicted revolution caused by Big Data analytics and extended data collection and analysis.
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SANTOS, Roberto Márcio Macedo dos. "Caracterização geotécnica e análise do processo evolutivo das erosões no município de Goiânia." reponame:Repositório Institucional da CPRM, 1997. http://rigeo.cprm.gov.br/xmlui/handle/doc/15403.
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