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Journal articles on the topic 'Process fluids'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Grzesik, Wit. "Media-assisted machining processes using nano-fluids. Part 2: Examples of the influence of nano-fluids on the cutting process." Mechanik, no. 3 (March 2021): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2021.3.5.

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2

Jegatheeswaran, Sinthuran, Farhad Ein-Mozaffari, and Jiangning Wu. "Laminar mixing of non-Newtonian fluids in static mixers: process intensification perspective." Reviews in Chemical Engineering 36, no. 3 (April 28, 2020): 423–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revce-2017-0104.

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AbstractStatic mixers are widely used in various industrial applications to intensify the laminar mixing of non-Newtonian fluids. Non-Newtonian fluids can be categorized into (1) time-independent, (2) time-dependent, and (3) viscoelastic fluids. Computational fluid dynamics studies on the laminar mixing of viscoelastic fluids are very limited due to the complexity in incorporating the multiple relaxation times and the associated stress tensor into the constitutive equations. This review paper provides recommendations for future research studies while summarizing the key research contributions in the field of non-Newtonian fluid mixing using static mixers. This review discusses the different experimental techniques employed such as electrical resistance tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, planar laser-induced fluorescence, and positron emission particle tracking. A comprehensive overview of the mixing fundamentals, fluid chaos, numerical characterization of fluid stretching, development of pressure drop correlations, and derivations of generalized Reynolds number is also provided in this review paper.

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Voelker, T., E. Blums, and S. Odenbach. "Separation Process in Magnetic Fluids." PAMM 1, no. 1 (March 2002): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1617-7061(200203)1:1<321::aid-pamm321>3.0.co;2-v.

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4

Yin, Shao Hui, Zhi Qiang Xu, Hong Jie Duan, and Feng Jun Chen. "Effects of Magnetic Fluid on Machining Characteristics in Magnetic Field Assisted Polishing Process." Advanced Materials Research 797 (September 2013): 396–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.797.396.

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Magnetic characteristics of three magnetic polishing fluids such as magnetic fluid (MF), magnetorheological fluid (MRF), and magnetic compound fluid (MCF) under magnetic field are experimentally investigated and analyzed. Their magnetic cluster structures under action of magnet field are observed, and their magnetic cluster models are established. Magnetic flied assisted polishing experiments for tungsten carbide are developed used these three kinds of magnetic fluids, material removal and surface roughness are respectively measured. At last, the machining characteristic of three magnetic fluids are contrasted and discussed according to experimental results.

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5

Song, Peng Yun, and Ai Lin Ma. "The Concept and the Contents of Process Fluid Mechanics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 723 (January 2015): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.723.194.

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Fluid mechanics is the mechanics of fluids, concerned with the motion of fluids and the forces associated with that motion. A Process is a series of operations which produce a physical or chemical change or biotransformation in the nature of a material. Process industries are those industries in which processes have been taken placed. Process engineering stems from chemical engineering, having much wider ranges and much deep content, and focusing on the design, operation and maintenance of process in process industries. Process fluid mechanics may be interpreted as the fluid mechanics related to process industries and/or process engineering, or as the fluid mechanics used for the process industries or process engineering, or as the knowledge of fluid mechanics should be mastered by the process engineers and process researchers or process scientists. Process fluid mechanics can be divided into physical process fluid mechanics, chemical process fluid mechanics, and biological process fluid mechanics.

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6

Borůvková, K., T. Bakalova, L. Voleský, and P. Louda. "The Influence of Nanoadditives on the Biological Properties and Chemical Composition of Process Fluids." Advances in Materials Science 15, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/adms-2015-0023.

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Abstract In this study process fluids were tested after the addition of nanoparticles. Cooling and lubricating process fluids are used in machining to reduce wear on tools, to increase machine performance and to improve product quality. The use of process fluids leads to their pollution and contamination. Nanoparticles were added to the process fluids in order to increase their antibacterial activity. The selected nanoparticles were nanoparticles of metallic silver. The process fluids were modified by the addition of silver nitrate and ascorbic acid. Reduction of silver nanoparticles in the volume of the fluid was achieved using UV. The modified fluids were tested for their cytotoxicity and changes in chemical composition. The cytotoxicity of process fluids was tested for the purpose of verifying whether the process fluids, which are in direct contact with the skin of the operator, affect the health of the operator. The cytotoxicity of the process fluids was tested on human fibroblast cells. Fibroblasts are the basic cells of fibrous tissue. The cytotoxicity was tested by measuring the cell viability and using XTT. Analysis of chemical composition was performed for the purpose of determining the individual substances in the process fluids and their chemical stability. Qualitative analysis of the process fluids was performed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC - MS).

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7

Yasuda, S., H. Yonetsu, and T. Tanahashi. "Separation process of two-phase fluids." Journal of Visualization 8, no. 1 (March 2005): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03181594.

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8

Singaravel, Balasubramaniyan, K. Chandra Shekar, G. Gowtham Reddy, and S. Deva Prasad. "Performance Analysis of Vegetable Oil as Dielectric Fluid in Electric Discharge Machining Process of Inconel 800." Materials Science Forum 978 (February 2020): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.978.77.

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Electric discharge machining (EDM) is a spark erosion process widely used to machine difficult-to-cut material by conventional machining method. The major elements of EDM process are work piece, electrode and dielectric fluid. In this work, an attempt is made to investigate vegetable oil as dielectric fluid and their process performance for machining of Inconel 800 in EDM process. The effects of dielectric fluids are investigated with vegetable oils and conventional dielectric fluid namely Sunflower oil and Kerosene respectively. The important input variables considered in this study are pulse on/off time, current and voltage. Three levels of energy setting are employed for machining with selected dielectric fluids. The output parameters are considered tool wear rate (TWR), material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR). In the present study effect of vegetable oil as dielectric fluid and the results are compared with conventional dielectric fluid. The result revealed that vegetable oils are successfully employed as dielectric fluids and they are having similar dielectric properties and erosion mechanism compared to conventional dielectric fluid. This proposed vegetable oil based dielectric fluids showed higher MRR than conventional dielectric. It shows vegetable oils have similar dielectric properties compared with conventional dielectric and it is possible to replace as dielectric fluid in EDM process.

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9

Zhou, Ming, P. Jia, and M. Li. "Study on the Machinability of Glass Soda-Lime in Diamond Cutting Process." Materials Science Forum 626-627 (August 2009): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.626-627.47.

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Glass possesses poor machinability in diamond cutting due to its high hardness and high brittleness. In order to investigate the effect of cutting fluids on the machinability of glass, this paper first conducted soda-lime indentation experiment, and then examined the resulting indentation by optical microscope. Based on this, turning tests were carried out to evaluate the influence of the cutting fluid properties on the machinability of glass. Boric acid solutions were selected as cutting fluids in the tests. The surface processing quality of soda-lime was assessed based on the observations of the micro- morphology of the turned surfaces utilizing AFM. Experimental results indicated that compared with the process without cutting fluid action, the machinability of glass soda-lime can be improved by using boric acid solution as the cutting fluid.

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10

Wu, Chenjun, Qingxu Zhang, Xinpeng Fan, Yihu Song, and Qiang Zheng. "Magnetorheological elastomer peristaltic fluid conveying system for non-Newtonian fluids with an analogic moisture loss process." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 30, no. 13 (June 4, 2019): 2013–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x19853625.

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A magnetorheological elastomer peristaltic fluid conveying system consisting of a magnetorheological elastomer tube and two electromagnets implements controlled movements via an external magnetic field with varying periods of driving voltages to convey non-Newtonian fluids over a certain time period. The effects of backpressure at the outlet of the magnetorheological elastomer peristaltic fluid conveying system, the viscosity of fluids at zero shear rate, and moisture loss along the longitudinal direction on net pumped volume are investigated systematically. The results demonstrate that the net pumped volume declines linearly with backpressure under all driving voltage periods. An improvement of the viscosity of fluids at zero shear rate allows at first the decrease, then the increase, and finally the decrease of the net pumped volume. Moisture loss plays a second role in the net pumped volume and the change of the fluid viscosity profile. The compression of the magnetorheological elastomer tube, the maximum shear stress, and the maximum von Mises stress in the magnetorheological elastomer peristaltic fluid conveying system are investigated to evaluate the magneto-fluid-structure interaction. This research offers a new approach to biological fluid conveying with an analogic moisture loss process.

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11

Zajac, Jozef, Dušan Mitaľ, and Peter Michalik. "Verification of Process Fluids in Mass Production." Key Engineering Materials 581 (October 2013): 554–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.581.554.

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The paper presents fundamental problems of development of processing medias for a chip removal technology, technology of forming operations and cleaning technology. The 4th parts of the paper presents about a trends of operating of metalworking fluids.

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12

Bakalova, Totka, Petr Louda, Lukáš Voleský, Karolína Borůvková, and Lucie Svobodová. "Nanoadditives SiO2 and TiO2 in Process Fluids." Manufacturing Technology 15, no. 4 (September 1, 2015): 502–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/mt/15/4/502.

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13

Balan, Catalin Mihai, Diana Broboana, and Corneliu Balan. "Mixing process of immiscible fluids in microchannels." International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 31, no. 6 (December 2010): 1125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2010.06.008.

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14

Szydło, Zbigniew, and Marcin Szczech. "Investigation of Dynamic Magnetic Fluid Seal Wear Process in Utility Water Environment." Key Engineering Materials 490 (September 2011): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.490.143.

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Serious problems arise when the magnetic fluid seal technology is needed to use in assemblies working in water or other liquid environment. Some efforts have been up to time made to design hybrid, two stage sealing structures with shields or mechanical seals used as protection measures to the magnetic fluid seal. Anyway, earlier or later there is always problem with direct contact between magnetic fluid and the environmental liquid. In the paper are presented results of experiments carried out with one stage rotating magnetic fluid seal operating in an direct contact with utility water. The special test procedures have been elaborated and practically used, with the aim to define main characteristics of magnetic fluid seals and to simplify experiments. These characteristics were: critical pressure,critical motion velocityandworking lifeof the seal. Four grades of commercial, silicon based magnetic fluids of hydrophobic properties were tested in a single stage sealing system. The results of tests are presented in the form of tables and diagrams. It is concluded that hydrophobic commercial magnetic fluids could be efficiently used in rotating shaft seals however within limited and rather low range of motion velocity.

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15

Reddy, G. Gowtham, Balasubramaniyan Singaravel, and K. Chandra Shekar. "Experimental Investigation of Sunflower Oil as Dielectric Fluid in Die Sinking Electric Discharge Machining Process." Materials Science Forum 969 (August 2019): 715–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.969.715.

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Electric Discharge Machining (EDM) is used to machine complex geometries of difficult to cut materials in the area of making dies, mould and tools. Currently, hydrocarbon based dielectric fluids are used in EDM and which plays major role for material removal and it emits harmful emission. In this work, vegetable oil is attempted as dielectric fluid and their performance are studied during processing of AISI P20 steel. The effect of pulse on time (Pon) , pulse off time (Poff), and current (A) on Material Removal Rate (MRR), Tool wear rate (TWR) and surface roughness (SR) are analyzed. The result showed that vegetable oils are given good machining performance than conventional dielectric fluids. These proposed dielectric fluids are biodegradable eco friendly and enhance sustainability in EDM process.

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16

Jersák, Jan, and Jan Žižka. "Essential Features of Process Fluids Applied in Machining." Manufacturing Technology 15, no. 6 (December 1, 2015): 985–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21062/ujep/x.2015/a/1213-2489/mt/15/6/985.

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17

Yoon, Soon-Do, and Hun-Soo Byun. "Application of Separation Technology and Supercritical Fluids Process." Clean Technology 18, no. 2 (June 30, 2012): 123–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7464/ksct.2012.18.2.123.

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18

KAWASAKI, Shin-ichiro, and Akira SUZUKI. "Establishment of Compact Chemical Process by Supercritical Fluids." Journal of the Vacuum Society of Japan 52, no. 10 (2009): 557–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3131/jvsj2.52.557.

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19

Chiou, Andy Hong-Jey, Ming-Kung Yeh, Chang-Yi Chen, and Da-Peng Wang. "Micronization of meloxicam using a supercritical fluids process." Journal of Supercritical Fluids 42, no. 1 (August 2007): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2006.12.024.

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20

Ventosa, N., S. Sala, and J. Veciana. "DELOS process: a crystallization technique using compressed fluids." Journal of Supercritical Fluids 26, no. 1 (May 2003): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0896-8446(02)00189-4.

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21

Mayer, Stephan A. "Refrigerated intravenous fluids: Kick-starting the cooling process*." Critical Care Medicine 33, no. 12 (December 2005): 2844–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ccm.0000191124.55576.66.

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22

Chen, X. B. "Time-Dependent Rheological Behavior of Fluids For Electronics Packaging." Journal of Electronic Packaging 127, no. 4 (March 9, 2005): 370–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2056568.

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In electronics packaging, one of the key processes is dispensing fluid materials, such as adhesive, epoxy, encapsulant, onto substrates or printed circuit boards for the purpose of surface mounting or encapsulation. In order to precisely control the dispensing process, the understanding and characterization of the flow behavior of the fluid being dispensed is very important, as the behavior can have a significant influence on the dispensing process. However, this task has proven to be very challenging due to the fact that the fluids for electronics packaging usually exhibit the time-dependent rheological behavior, which has not been well defined in literature. In the paper a study on the characterization of the time-dependent rheological behavior of the fluids for electronics packaging is presented. In particular, a model is developed based on structural theory and then applied to the characterization of the decay and recovery of fluid behavior, which happen in the dispensing process due to the interruption of process. Experiments are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the model developed.

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23

LATT, JONAS, DIMITRIOS KONTAXAKIS, LAURENT CHATAGNY, FELIX MUGGLI, and BASTIEN CHOPARD. "HYBRID LATTICE BOLTZMANN METHOD FOR THE SIMULATION OF BLENDING PROCESS IN STATIC MIXERS." International Journal of Modern Physics C 24, no. 12 (November 13, 2013): 1340009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183113400093.

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A lattice Boltzmann method is proposed to simulate the blending of two fluids in static, laminar mixers. The method uses a mesh-based algorithm to solve for the fluid flow, and a meshless technique to trace the interface between the blended fluids. This hybrid approach is highly accurate, because the position of the interface can be traced beyond the resolution of the grid. The numerical diffusion is negligible in this model, and it is possible to reproduce mixing patterns that contain more than one hundred striations with high fidelity. The implementation of this method in the massively parallel library Palabos is presented, and simulation results are compared with experimental data to emphasize the accuracy of the results.

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24

Caimmi, R. "R fluids." Serbian Astronomical Journal, no. 176 (2008): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/saj0876023c.

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A theory of collisionless fluids is developed in a unified picture, where nonrotating (?f1 = ?f2 = ?f3 = 0) figures with some given random velocity component distributions, and rotating (?f1 = ?f2 = ?f3 ) figures with a different random velocity component distributions, make adjoint configurations to the same system. R fluids are defined as ideal, self-gravitating fluids satisfying the virial theorem assumptions, in presence of systematic rotation around each of the principal axes of inertia. To this aim, mean and rms angular velocities and mean and rms tangential velocity components are expressed, by weighting on the moment of inertia and the mass, respectively. The figure rotation is defined as the mean angular velocity, weighted on the moment of inertia, with respect to a selected axis. The generalized tensor virial equations (Caimmi and Marmo 2005) are formulated for R fluids and further attention is devoted to axisymmetric configurations where, for selected coordinate axes, a variation in figure rotation has to be counterbalanced by a variation in anisotropy excess and vice versa. A microscopical analysis of systematic and random motions is performed under a few general hypotheses, by reversing the sign of tangential or axial velocity components of an assigned fraction of particles, leaving the distribution function and other parameters unchanged (Meza 2002). The application of the reversion process to tangential velocity components is found to imply the conversion of random motion rotation kinetic energy into systematic motion rotation kinetic energy. The application of the reversion process to axial velocity components is found to imply the conversion of random motion translation kinetic energy into systematic motion translation kinetic energy, and the loss related to a change of reference frame is expressed in terms of systematic motion (imaginary) rotation kinetic energy. A number of special situations are investigated in greater detail. It is found that an R fluid always admits an adjoint configuration where figure rotation occurs around only one principal axis of inertia (R3 fluid), which implies that all the results related to R3 fluids (Caimmi 2007) may be ex- tended to R fluids. Finally, a procedure is sketched for deriving the spin parameter distribution (including imaginary rotation) from a sample of observed or simulated large-scale collisionless fluids i.e. galaxies and galaxy clusters.

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25

Li, Yun Chao, Yu Hua Zhang, and Bo Sun. "High Speed Dry Cutting Technology Applications in Production." Applied Mechanics and Materials 190-191 (July 2012): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.190-191.93.

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Green cutting processing technology is a kind of full consideration of the environmental and resource issues processing techniques, It requires throughout the process do to the environment pollution to the minimum and the utilization rate of the highest. In the machining process without any cutting fluid of dry cutting is control environmental pollution source of a green manufacturing process, it can have clean scraps, no pollution, save the cutting fluid and the processing of costs, can further reduce the production cost. Therefore, the future direction of the cutting process is not or with as little as you cutting fluids, and energetically develop on the ecological environment and human health negative effects of small, processing the superior performance of cutting fluids, and environmental work to completely harmless green cutting fluid development direction.

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26

Rymarczyk, Agnieszka, Krystyna Mędrzycka, and Renata Tomczak-Wandze. "Selection of cutting and washing fluids as a method of waste minimization." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 9, no. 3 (January 1, 2007): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-007-0075-y.

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Selection of cutting and washing fluids as a method of waste minimization The results of the corrosion test for washing and cutting fluids used in the process of gear-shafts production are presented. The test has been performed according to the DIN 51360-2 (Ford-test) and the PN-92/M-55789 procedures. Three cutting fluids and three washing fluids were chosen and their solutions in tap water (used in practice in the company) were investigated. On the basis of the obtained results it has been stated that the lower the fluid concentration, the stronger corrosion is developed. The concentrations recommended by the producer in the case of cutting fluids are properly chosen. For washing fluids two regions of concentration have been evaluated. The concentration recommended for rinsing is too low for protection against corrosion, while higher concentrations, for the washing process, are properly chosen, and corrosion did not occur.

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27

ALHUSSAN, KHALED. "METHOD OF ENERGY TRANSFER." Modern Physics Letters B 19, no. 28n29 (December 20, 2005): 1663–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984905010165.

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The aim of this paper is to show numerically the semi-ideal way of transferring energy in the non-steady supersonic mechanism. Energy can be transferred between two fluids in semi-ideal process if the two fluids are brought together for a direct contact. This paper shows the energy transfer between two fluids via the direct fluid-fluid interaction in a non-steady supersonic flow. This was shown by using two fluids one with higher energy than the other. Results including contour plots of static pressure, static temperature, and total pressure and velocity vectors show the structure of flow of the energy-transfer-mechanism in a supersonic flow.

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28

Esmaeilpour, Morteza, and Maziar Gholami Korzani. "Analyzing Impacts of Interfacial Instabilities on the Sweeping Power of Newtonian Fluids to Immiscibly Displace Power-Law Materials." Processes 9, no. 5 (April 22, 2021): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9050742.

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Injection of Newtonian fluids to displace pseudoplastic and dilatant fluids, governed by the power-law viscosity relationship, is common in many industrial processes. In these applications, changing the viscosity of the displaced fluid through velocity alteration can regulate interfacial instabilities, displacement efficiency, the thickness of the static wall layer, and the injected fluid’s tendency to move toward particular parts of the channel. The dynamic behavior of the fluid–fluid interface in the case of immiscibility is highly complicated and complex. In this study, a code was developed that utilizes a multi-component model of the lattice Boltzmann method to decrease the computational cost and accurately model these problems. Accordingly, a 2D inclined channel, filled with a stagnant incompressible Newtonian fluid in the initial section followed by a power-law material, was modeled for numerous scenarios. In conclusion, the results indicate that reducing the power-law index can regulate interfacial instabilities leading to dynamic deformation of static wall layers at the top and the bottom of the channel. However, it does not guarantee a reduction in the thickness of these layers, which is crucial to improve displacement efficiency. The impacts of the compatibility factor and power-law index variations on the filling pattern and finger structure were intensively evaluated.

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29

Rejzek, Miroslav, Jan Jersák, and Jaroslav Votoček. "The Influence of Process Fluids on the Machining Process and Forming Internal Threads." Manufacturing Technology 16, no. 4 (August 1, 2016): 793–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21062/ujep/x.2016/a/1213-2489/mt/16/4/793.

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30

Mazlan, Saiful Amri, Ahmed Issa, and Abdul Ghani Olabi. "Magnetorheological Fluids Behaviour in Tension Loading Mode." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 242–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.242.

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In this paper, the behaviours of three types of MR fluids under quasi-static loadings in tension mode were investigated. One type of water-based and two types of hydrocarbon-based MR fluids were activated by a magnetic field generated by a coil using a constant value of DC electrical current. Experimental results in terms of stress-strain relationships showed that the MR fluids had distinct unique behaviours during the tension process. A high ratio of solid particles to carrier liquid in the MR fluid is an indication of high magnetic properties. The water-based MR fluid had a relatively large solid-to-liquid ratio. At a given applied current, a significant increase in tensile stress was obtained in this fluid type. On the other hand, the hydrocarbon-based MR fluids had relatively lower solid to liquid ratios, whereby, less increases in tensile stress were obtained. The behaviours of MR fluids were dependent on the relative movement between the solid magnetic particles and the carrier fluid. A complication occurs because, in the presence of a magnetic field, there will be a tendency of the carrier fluid to stick with the magnetic particle

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31

Salewski, Helmu. "Holding tank for waste fluids and process for disposing of waste fluids from recreational vehicles." Nuclear and Chemical Waste Management 8, no. 1 (January 1988): II. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-815x(88)90020-4.

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32

Wang, Ming Lu, and Wei Qiang Wang. "Study on the Strength of Textile during the Process of Supercritical Fluids Spray Dyeing." Advanced Materials Research 951 (May 2014): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.951.41.

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The deformation and tension of textile between two dyeing roller during supercritical fluid spray dyeing was studied in this paper. The parameter equations were built by introduced the transformation parameter based on the mechanical equilibrium of infinitesimal element at the premise of considering the elasticity of textile. The results show that the internal stress of textile is far less than the tensile strength of the fabric, and the operating parameters of supercritical fluids spray dyeing has obvious effect on the deformation of textile. The simulating analysis may provide a theoretical basis and guidance for the actual process of supercritical fluid spray dyeing.

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Xu, Lan, Jiang-Hui Zhao, and Hua Liu. "Numerical simulation for the single-bubble electrospinning process." Thermal Science 19, no. 4 (2015): 1255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci1504255x.

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This paper studies numerically the two-phase flow in the single-bubble electrospinning process by solving the modified Navier-Stokes equations under the influence of electric field, and the interface between the two fluids has been determined by using the volume of fluids method. A realizable k-? model is used to model the turbulent viscosity. The numerical results offer in-depth insight into physical understanding of many complex phenomena which cannot be fully explained experimentally.

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34

Shesterikova, R. E., E. A. Shesterikova, and M. V. Popov. "THE TREND OF USING SEPARATED WATERS AS PROCESS FLUIDS." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 2 (April 30, 2015): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2015-2-103-108.

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It is known that development of gas, gas-condensate and oil deposits is related with production of associated mineralized water. For creation of highly profitable processes of production and processing of hydrocarbons the methods of utilization of secondary sources of raw materials and energy become very important. The volumes of produced associated water at the petroleum complex facilities are so great, that it permits to consider them as a source of raw materials for processing with further receiving various commodity products, for example, process liquids, drilling fluids, iodine, bromine and their compounds.

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35

Kraynov, A., and T. Stepanova. "Automation capabilities in the extraction process of supercritical fluids." Актуальные направления научных исследований XXI века: теория и практика 3, no. 5 (December 2, 2015): 361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/16279.

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36

HULL, M., and J. F. STEFFE. "PRACTICAL FLUIDS FOR FOOD RHEOLOGY and PROCESS ENGINEERING STUDIES." Journal of Food Process Engineering 15, no. 3 (July 1992): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4530.1992.tb00152.x.

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37

Chen, Bin, and Li Wen Wang. "Simulation and Research of Aircraft Deicing Fluids Deicing Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 4695–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.4695.

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The aircraft ground deicing process and practical deicing model of aircraft on ground were introduced, a mathematic model was developed based on thermal and mass balance. In addition, a reference case was chosen to verify the mathematical model and four different spray parameters of deicing fluids were studied. And the simulation results indicated that the proposed model was effective to analyze and research the aircraft on the ground deicing process.

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Gutiérrez Ortiz, Francisco Javier, and Andrea Kruse. "The use of process simulation in supercritical fluids applications." Reaction Chemistry & Engineering 5, no. 3 (2020): 424–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9re00465c.

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Siniawski, Matthew, and Chris Bowman. "Metal working fluids: finding green in the manufacturing process." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 61, no. 2 (March 6, 2009): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00368790910940374.

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Reed, Brian E., Ronald Vaughan, Wei Lin, and Roger C. Viadero. "Recovery of Metal Working Fluids Using Chelation-Ultrafiltration Process." Journal of Environmental Engineering 126, no. 9 (September 2000): 807–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(2000)126:9(807).

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Rahman, Arifur, Salim Ahmed, M. Enamul Hossain, and Fatema Akter Happy. "Development of scaling criteria for steam flooding EOR process." Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 10, no. 8 (May 30, 2020): 3849–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-020-00909-1.

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Abstract The development of new scaling criteria for steam flooding process is presented in this paper. The mathematical development is done by using modified Darcy’s law, constitutive relationships, constraints, and the initial and boundary conditions. Dimensional and inspectional analyses are used to develop sets of dimensionless groups by incorporating rock and fluid memory concept. The variety of scaling criteria and their comparative advantages and limitations are discussed. Currently available scaling criteria development for steam flooding processes used the same fluid, same porous media in model and prototype. However, it requires a high-pressure model with different porous media, which causes difficulties in scaling properties, and therefore, largely depends on pressure and the porous media itself. In this paper, different methods are presented which permit scaling of all properties dependent on pressure or temperature by relaxing the requirements of geometric similarity. A set of relaxed scaling criteria is determined to satisfy a major mechanism. A comparative study of different approaches and their relative merits and demerits are discussed. Approach 2 (same fluids, same pressure drop, same porous medium, and geometric similarity) seems to be the most appropriate for the steam flooding process; however, gravitational forces cannot be scaled properly with this approach. Approach 3 (same fluids, same pressure drop, same porous media, and relaxed geometric similarity) is suitable for this process if the effect of transverse dispersion is considered negligible. Finally, a table is developed which can act as a guideline to select an appropriate approach that best scales a major mechanism for a specific steam flooding recovery process.

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Manshev, D., and E. Safronova. "ОБОСНОВАНИЕ МЕТОДИЧЕСКОГО ПОДХОДА К ОЦЕНКЕ СТАБИЛЬНОСТИ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИОННЫХ СВОЙСТВ ГИДРАВЛИЧЕСКИХ ЖИДКОСТЕЙ ПРИ ПРИМЕНЕНИИ В ВОЕННОЙ АВИАЦИОННОЙ ТЕХНИКЕ." EurasianUnionScientists 7, no. 11(80) (December 14, 2020): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2020.7.80.1140.

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The analysis of design features of the Il-76 TD aircraft hydraulic system and operating modes of working fluids in the system are given; similarity conditions of himmotological system is named “Hydraulic fluid – hydraulic system – operating conditions” are justified. It is proposed to use physical modeling to assess and predict the stability of working fluids properties in process what are used in the hydraulic system. Similarity criteria are obtained and calculated. It is given fundamental technological scheme and description of developed hydraulic bench as a physical model what allows to vary parameters of dynamic load, temperature and pressure in process of researches and tests of hydraulic fluids. It is proposed math model is based on physical modeling of system as a methodical approach to assess and predict the stability of working fluids properties. This method allows to cut costs for stand resource tests.

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Phulé, Pradeep P. "Synthesis of Novel Magnetorheological Fluids." MRS Bulletin 23, no. 8 (August 1998): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400030773.

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This article focuses on the synthesis and processing of novel magnetorheological (MR) fluids. The process for preparing MR fluids typically involves introducing magnetic particles into base liquid under low shear conditions. This is followed by ball milling in the fluid with zirconia (ZrO2) grinding media for about 24 h. High-purity carbonyi iron (Fe) powders have been used for the synthesis of ironbased MR fluids while the ferrite-based MR fluids used magnetic manganesezinc ferrite and nickel-zinc ferrite powders.Typical volume fractions of the magnetic phase that lead to MR fluids with respectable yield stresses tend to be about 0.3–0.5. Higher volume fractions, in principle, can lead to higher strength MR fluids. However, higher volume fractions tend to cause a significant, and often undesirable, increase in the “off-state” viscosity of the MR fluids. The rationale for selection and the role of different components of MR fluids are briefly discussed in the following sections.

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Radhiyah, A. A., and K. Jun Li. "Mini review of carbon based additive in machining lubricant." Journal of Modern Manufacturing Systems and Technology 4, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmmst.v4i2.5263.

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Milling process is a major machining process used in various type of industries. This process is used to manufacture components such as impellers and structural parts in aerospace industry. Several problems can be arising during the machining operation because 99% of work done produces heat to the chip, the tool and also the workpiece . The temperature of the tool may rise up to 1000oC and this could lead to accelerate the tool wear rate and also the finishing of the surface of the workpiece. In order to improvise this phenomenon, various type of cutting fluid is used in milling operation to use to reduce the temperature of the workpiece. In general, the fluids are used when cutting the workpiece to lower the heat generated at the interface of the tool chip and also the friction on the workpiece. There are four main types of cutting fluid when commonly found in the market which is straight oils, synthetic fluids, soluble oils and the semi-synthetic fluids. This paper is reviewing on the additive for lubricant and their tribology properties.

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Pendyala, Rajashekhar, Suhaib Umer Ilyas, and Yean Sang Wong. "Heat Transfer Performance of Different Fluids During Natural Convection in Enclosures with Varying Aspect Ratios." E3S Web of Conferences 287 (2021): 03010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128703010.

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The heat transfer process takes place in numerous applications through the natural convection of fluids. Investigations of the natural convection heat transfer in enclosures have gained vital importance in the last decade for the improvement in thermal performance and design of the heating/cooling systems. Aspect ratios (AR=height/length) of the enclosures are one of the crucial factors during the natural convection heat transfer process. The investigated fluids consisting of air, water, engine oil, mercury, and glycerine have numerous engineering applications. Heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics are studied in 3-dimensional rectangular enclosures with varying aspect ratios (0.125 to 150) using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Studies are carried out using the five different fluids having Prandtl number range 0.01 to 4500 in rectangular enclosures with the hot and cold surface with varying temperature difference 20K to 100K. The Nusselt number and heat transfer coefficients are estimated at all conditions to understand the dependency of ARs on the heat transfer performance of selected fluids. Temperature and velocity profiles are compared to study the flow pattern of different fluids during natural convection. The Nusselt number correlations are developed in terms of aspect ratio and Rayleigh number to signify the natural convection heat transfer performance.

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Lavine, Adrienne S. "A Simple Model for Convective Cooling During the Grinding Process." Journal of Engineering for Industry 110, no. 1 (February 1, 1988): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3187837.

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Heat generated during grinding may cause thermal damage to the workpiece and wheel. To avoid this, grinding fluids are often used, but their effects are not well understood. A simple analytical model of the convective heat transfer between the wheel and workpiece surfaces and the grinding fluid is described. The model predicts the convective heat transfer coefficient at the workpiece surface, the fraction of energy entering the workpiece, and the workpiece surface temperature. Despite its simplicity, the model shows remarkable agreement with published data for conventional and creep feed grinding conditions.

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Seidel and Meyer. "Investigation of the Influence of Aging on the Lubricity of Metalworking Fluids by Means of Design of Experiment." Lubricants 7, no. 11 (October 23, 2019): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants7110094.

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The influence of complex aging processes in water-miscible metalworking fluids on process performance is of high relevance for the metalworking industry. Because of the highly dynamic interactions in the complex “metalworking fluid” ecosystem, a distinct correlation between the aging process and the performance of the fluid in metalworking processes is hardly possible. Consequences of the aging process on physical, chemical, and biological properties of the fluid include aspects such as the decrease of the pH value, the increase of the droplet size in emulsions, the presence of bacterial cells, or the modification of the metalworking fluid composition. In the presented work, the influences of these aging aspects on the lubricity of metalworking fluids were investigated individually. A test series has been carried out, which was planned with a design of experiments method, to investigate interactions between the aging aspects regarding lubricity. In addition, the results enabled the development of an empirical regression model, which allowed an integrated description of the influence of the relevant aging aspects.

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Wang, Cheng-Chi, Po-Jen Cheng, Kuo-Chi Liu, and Ming-Yi Tsai. "Flow and Stress Field Analysis of Different Fluids and Blades for Fermentation Process." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 6 (January 1, 2014): 623781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/623781.

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Fermentation techniques are applied for the biotechnology and are widely used for food manufacturing, materials processing, chemical reaction, and so forth. Different fluids and types of blades in the tank for fermentation cause distinct flow and stress field distributions on the surface between fluid and blade and various flow reactions in the tank appear. This paper is mainly focused on the analysis of flow field with different fluid viscosities and also studied the stress field acting on the blades with different scales and shapes of them under specific rotational speed. The results show that the viscosity of fluid influences the flow field and stress distributions on the blades. The maximum stress that acts on the blade is increased with the increasing of viscosity. On the other hand, the ratio of blade length to width influences stress distributions on the blade. At the same time, the inclined angle of blade is also the key parameter for the consideration of design and appropriate inclined angle of blade will decrease the maximum stress. The results provide effective means of gaining insights into the flow and stress distribution of fermentation process.

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Papp, R., and S. J. Fisher. "DRILLING FLUIDS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: CHARACTERISATION OF BASE FLUIDS AND THE INTRODUCTION OF QUALITY CONTROL PROCEDURES." APPEA Journal 39, no. 1 (1999): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj98042.

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Since the early 1990s, a variety of invert emulsion base fluids have been introduced into the drilling fluid market. The chemical composition of these fluids has evolved with the focus on minimising the environmental impact of discharged cuttings that contain adhered drilling fluids.The trend within Australia and other regions in which drilling fluids are extensively used, is that the life span of these fluids has become increasingly shorter, due to environmental impact pressures from the regulatory authorities in the North Sea and Australia, as well as public perception within these regions.The Well Construction Department within Woodside Energy Ltd. (WEL) has identified the need to characterise these base fluids in a manner that was both reproducible and definitive. The need was driven by the availability of a large number of commercial base fluids claiming technical and environmental superiority and the requirement for robust quality control systems for the base fluids from production to discharge—a cradle to grave philosophy.To this end, a study was initiated in 1997 where several drilling fluids were analysed using gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. From this work, four classifications of invert emulsion, non-water based fluids (NWBF) have been identified. They include low toxicity oil based fluids (LTOBF), enhanced mineral oil based fluids (EMOBF), synthetic based fluids (SBF), and oxygen based fluids (OBF). The definition of these fluids and the rationale for this classification is presented here.The GC-MS characterisation has provided an insight into the structure of the base fluid, rheological characteristics, quality control/quality assurance, and in the future, the ability to develop a robust link to minimising environmental impact of the discharge.All of these benefits will aid in developing drilling fluids which achieve the technical objectives of drilling fluids as well as minimising the environmental impact. The quality control procedures for the base fluid also allow an auditable process for benchmarking with input from the regulator, operator, fluid service company and manufacturer.

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Janocha, H., B. Rech, and R. Bölter. "PRACTICE-RELEVANT ASPECTS OF CONSTRUCTING ER FLUID ACTUATORS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 10, no. 23n24 (October 30, 1996): 3243–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979296001690.

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The flow resistance of electrorheological fluids (ER fluids) can be controlled by applying electric fields. Thus, ER fluids are suitable for the application in actuators, using high-voltage sources for the generation of the field. The behaviour of an ER fluid actuator not only depends on the properties of the individual actuator components (ER fluid, energy transducer and energy source) but especially on their combined efforts as a system. Based on a possible scheme for the design of ER fluid actuators, this paper presents important practice-relevant aspects of a systematic actuator construction. Here the behaviour of a commercial ER suspension is examined and compared to a homogeneous ER fluid without yield point using a rotational viscometer and a flow-mode damper realized at the Laboratory of Process Automation (LPA) of the University of Saarland.

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