Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Process feasibility'
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1
Lai, Sau Man. "Feasibility and flexibility in chemical process design /." View abstract or full-text, 2009. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CBME%202009%20LAI.
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Crous, Duncan. "Biorefineries : a method to compare process alternatives using different economic scenarios." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24528.
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A general overview on biorefineries and cost estimation methods is presented to provide background knowledge needed to create software focused on comparing different biorefinery configurations. The software is implemented in Microsoft Excel 2003 and can account for the capital cost, operating cost and utility requirements of different process operations based on their operating scale. To facilitate consistency in estimating capital costs an equipment factored capital cost method is implemented based on the Guthrie method. Factors used determine the capital cost includes: - purchased equipment cost
- paterials of construction
- operating pressure
- time index factors
Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Chemical Engineering
unrestricted
3
Weber, Bruce R. "Integration of the scientific process with the appraisal process for evaluating the feasibility of brownfield redevelopment." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420225.
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Gil, Arnaud, and Alex Raffier. "Wallpaper drying solutions : Feasibility study of a low temperature drying process." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Technology and Built Environment, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-754.
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The wallpaper company Duro Sweden AB, one of the most important Scandinavian
wallpaper manufacturers, wants to decrease its energy use and costs and make its
production more environmentally friendly. It implies changes in the key process energy
use whom consists mainly by drying process using heat production from oil.
The purpose of this project, studied by the consulting company Sweco Theorells AB,
is to determine the feasibility of a change in the energy utilisation implemented to the
most representative process to propose future solutions’ basis on the future energy
question.
The company use mainly two kind of energy, electricity with 1055MWh per year and
oil with 1985MWh per year. The oil power consumption and cost represent respectively
65% and 73% of the global part.
Several proposed changes with better energy efficiency are presented : use of district
heating as a heat source, Infrared Drying, combination, etc; but due to the important
rebate make by the Swedish government on the oil price, they are not currently viable to
achieve.
But the constant rise of the oil price could be sooner a strong incentive to make these
improvals, strongly environmentaly friendly and power consumption reducer,
economicaly viable in the long term.
5
Lobry, Emeline. "Batch to continuous vinyl chloride suspension polymerization process : a feasibility study." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/11498/1/lobry.pdf.
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Continuous processes present the benefit to be safer and more cost saving than batch processes. Many researches have been carried out in fine chemistry but few contributions refer to polymerization. We focus on the vinyl chloride suspension polymerization. This process has been extensively studied in batch with lots of improvement regarding the formulation and the technologies. This polymerization process is highly complex due to the toxic nature of the monomer, the good manage of heat transfer and stirring. Moreover the reaction step remains the only batch step of the PVC production. According to the PVC grain formation, the process can be divided into three steps (i) a liquid-liquid dispersion step in which the monomer droplet (30-50 µm) are generated and stabilized, (ii) a controlled agglomeration step of the reacting droplets exhibiting a sticky behaviour, (iii) a reaction step until the conversion rate is around 80-90% and the particles size is stable. In this study, the different technologies suitable for the different steps are pointed out. Based on the state of the art of the grain behaviour depending on the reaction conversion and on the literature concerning polymerization continuous process, static mixers and different co-current pulsed columns are proposed. Three technologies with different model system were chosen to study the liquid-liquid dispersion step. Static mixers allow the control of the droplet size under turbulent flow. In the range of the operating conditions, the dispersed phase concentration does not have a significant effect on the droplet size. The interfacial tension appears to be the most significant physico-chemical parameters. Correlation to predict the mean droplet size is proposed depending on different dimensionless numbers based on the hydrodynamics and on the systems: the Reynolds and Weber numbers. Given the promising results, static mixers are implemented at pilot scale to load the batch prior to polymerization. Their use demonstrates a noticeable reduction of the loading time and a better homogenisation of the different suspending agents and initiator inside the PVC grain. The two co-current pulsed columns design studied are the discs and doughnuts pulsed column and the COBR (continuous oscillatory baffled reactor, Nitech). For the first one, the effect of the packing materials (type and height), of the physico-chemical parameters (dispersed phase concentration, surfactant) and of hydrodynamic parameters (flowrate and oscillation conditions) on the droplet size are investigated where as for the second one the study is limited to the hydrodynamic parameters. A mean droplet size correlation is proposed based on the characteristic dimensionless numbers. The three continuous contactors used for liquid-liquid dispersion are compared in term of energy dissipation rate. The reaction is carried out in a continuous tubular reactor (the pulsed column). The column is suitable to transport solid-liquid suspension. Vinyl acetate suspension polymerization is performed to demonstrate the feasibility and particularly to study the encrusting and fouling problem. The first results are very promising.
6
Shin, Jennifer Hyunjong 1974. "Feasibility study of rapid prototyping using the uniform droplet spray process." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28201.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 29).
This work studied the feasibility of rapid prototyping using the Uniform Droplet Spray (UDS) process. Straight and stable liquid metal jets are crucial requirements in the application of UDS to rapid prototyping. Methods to maintain the jet straight and stable were developed. Hardware improvements include an auxiliary orifice mounting fixture and a new crucible bottom with a tightly-fitting orifice-pocket. A droplet trajectory controller, including deflection plates and a pulse provider to a charging plate, was developed to precisely deliver droplets for deposition. The degree of separation between deflected and undetected streams of droplets was modeled and the prediction was compared with experimental results. This comparison revealed that the degree of actual deflection was approximately twice as high as the predicted value. Using the trajectory controller, deposition was conducted using pure tin (Sn) with droplet impact conditions of velocity and liquid fraction of 45 m/s and 97%, respectively. The deposition frequency was varied in the experiment to study its effects on deposit shapes. A low frequency deposition at 57Hz produced a vertical pillar, whereas a high frequency deposition at 574Hz resulted in a large drop.
by Jennifer Hyunjong Shin.
S.B.
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Osama, Ziada, and Konstantina Tzivleri. "Feasibility Study on the Introduction of Automation in the Assembly Process." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för maskinteknik (MT), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104451.
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The assembly process in Volvo Construction Equipment, in Braås, is fully hand-operated. The aim of this Master thesis project is to develop and evaluate different concepts of how the automation level could be increased. This study aims to find reliable technology/automation solutions that could be used in one or more operations in the assembly process and identify the benefits for Volvo Construction Equipment. The work will end up in concepts and recommendations on what areas of the assembly process would be most beneficial to automate first. Conversations, observations, and interviews took place in the assembly department to help in the selection of the station in which automation can be most easily introduced. Automated procedures at this station will have advantages since they will include robots. The robot can take over some of the assembly procedures, while the worker can be occupied with others. From an ergonomic perspective, these procedures will be improved; thus, the efficiency and the quality will be better, and this will be achieved because the human will focus on procedures where creativity and human hands are needed, and the robot will take over the most un-ergonomic and difficult operations.
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Nolte, Mirco. "Commercial biodiesel production in South Africa : a preliminary economic feasibility study." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/369.
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Cakici, Fatma Zehra. "The Process And Feasibility Of Building Deconstruction: A Case Study In Ankara." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12606301/index.pdf.
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Today because of changes in the zoning plans, structural problems, building obsolescence and owner&rsquos wishes, old buildings are being demolished to erect newer, larger and taller ones. The objective of this study was to investigate the process and feasibility of building deconstruction. A literature survey was conducted on two unpublished theses at Middle East Technical University (METU), and publications available on web sites and international conference proceedings. Case studies were conducted on building deconstruction and demolition processes, and recovery of used building materials (UBMs) in Ankara. Information related to these issues was obtained through informal interviews with demolition contractors, demolition teams, merchants of UBMs and building contractors. Information regarding the official procedure of demolition was gathered from Ç
ankaya and Yenimahalle Municipalities. This study confirmed that recovery and reuse of UBMs is a continual practice in Ankara. In the light of case studies and interviews, it was possible to determine the problems in building deconstruction, such as building systems, materials, components and connections that give rise to difficulties during the deconstruction of buildings. It was also observed that UBMs are being reused either as it is or after modifications, and waste timber components are sold for fuel, while only metals are recycled to be used in new production. On the other hand, reinforced concrete components such as slabs, columns and beams can neither be reused nor recycled, and thus they are wasted. The findings of the investigation indicated that building deconstruction practices were found to be feasible and profitable job. The success of building deconstruction is dependent on type of tools used, sufficient time, and worker ability and experience, whereas the feasibility of deconstruction depends on the quality, quantity, type and condition of materials, components and connections used in a building.
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Kaukuata–Tjitunga, Naomy. "An assessment of the drafting of the 2005 Ovambanderu constitution: ‘process and institutional capacity’." Thesis, UWC, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2870.
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Masters in Public Administration - MPAThis research report sets up a model of policy development at Traditional Authority level in Namibia that is then used in examining the Ovambanderu constitutional case. Reference to the Generic Model, as used by de Coning (2000) and the Moore (1995) Strategic Triangle is not new or original to this thesis. These models have been used elsewhere and were considered as appropriate for this case study due to the complexity of the issues under consideration. This study attempts to demonstrate the importance of applying public policy models and theories to policy making in Namibia. Firstly, the author has applied the generic model to the Ovambanderu case to elicit information pertaining to the process followed in drafting the constitution. Secondly, the Moore Strategic Triangle was used in furthering discussion on the importance of considering phases and stages in the public policy process, which touch on such aspects as political feasibility, substantive value and administrative feasibility (Moore, 1995). The emphasis here was on the importance of dynamism in the policy-making process, not as a once off event but as an ongoing process. This research report shows that public policy/constitution making needs specialised skills in order for it to be a success. Capacity needs to be sourced and used appropriately, while objectives of the policy/constitution are communicated clearly to the stakeholders. Again the fear amongst the community that once a policy/constitution is implemented it becomes binding and difficult to change needs to be addressed by clearly informing people that a policy remains a statement of intent until it is put to use and once it is implemented there is always room for improvement on issues that may create problems for the affected parties. Another important lesson is the fact that public policy making has been and remains a process as it involves bargaining, issue prioritisation, issue filtration, advocacy, reporting and consultation before decisions are made. The Ovambanderu constitutional problem has now set a scene for better policy planning at Traditional Authority level and the government needs to consider this as a serious phenomenon that can lead to major problems if ignored
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Patel, Dev. "Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of a Novel Process for Simultaneous Removal of Heavy Metals and Recovery of FGD Process Water." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1535379914445172.
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Guzman, Jonathan. "Process Design and Technical feasibility analysis of Catalytic fas tpyrolysis for biocrude production." Thesis, KTH, Materialvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-224532.
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The demand of renewable fuels is increasing. Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis is a growing technology that could supply with high quality bio crude that can be used in the already existing infrastructure. The process of choice in this paper to implement this technology is insitu circulating fluidized bed using saw dust as feed. Two cases are designed and then modelled in ASPEN Plus. The first case uses steam as fluidizer and the second uses recycled pyrolysis gas as fluidizer. Both cases are found to be self-sustainable with biomass as the only energy source. According to the parameter study, this is only true for biomass feed up to 40% moisture content.Efterfrågan om förnyelsebara bränslen ökar. Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis är en växande teknologisom skulle kunna förse med bio-crude av hög kvalité för att användas med dagensinfrastruktur. Den process som valdes för att implementera denna teknologi är in-situcirculating fluidized bed med sågspån som inmatning. Två fall blev utformade och sedanmodellerade i ASPEN Plus. Det första fallet använder sig av ånga som flödare och andrafallet använder sig av återvunnen pyrolysgas. Båda fallen var självförsörjande med endastbiomassa som energikälla. Enligt parameterstudien stämmer detta endast för biomassa medmindre än 40% fuktinnehåll.
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Imran, Muhammad. "Feasibility and process development of mechanical micro drilling for nickel based super alloys." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/feasibility-and-process-development-of-mechanical-micro-drilling-for-nickel-based-super-alloys(0210f86b-5314-4a13-ad88-82e6be93a8d4).html.
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Mechanical micro machining is an emerging material removal process in precision manufacturing industries. There are challenges involved in micro drilling of difficult to cut alloys. These relate to the development of a feasible and reliable manufacturing process given the fragile nature of the micro drill and the poor machinability of difficult to cut materials. Moreover, the established knowledge of macro scale machining may not be directly transferable into micro machining domain. Therefore, mechanical micro machining needs to be adapted to a specific application. Currently, electrical discharge machining (EDM) is an established industrial process for making micro holes in nickel alloys. The mechanical micro drilling process is at present being considered for improved surface integrity, better hole definition and high productivity. Considering the potential of mechanical micro drilling process in nickel based super alloys, the research presented in this thesis focused on developing a novel micro drilling strategy and a process window. Having developed the process window and selected optimum tool geometry, workpiece surface integrity was evaluated at various cutting conditions. Mechanical and microstructural characterization of the modified layers was conducted using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), focused ion beam (FIB), backscatter election (BSE), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nano-indentation techniques. The mechanisms behind the generation of these modified layers were revealed. The effects of various feedrates, cutting speeds and tool edge radius were analyzed under dry and wet cutting conditions. A new and novel contribution to modified material microstructure analysis was presented in dry and wet drilling conditions. Furthermore, important findings were presented on the tool-chip and tool-workpiece cutting zones. This research provides a comprehensive picture of the surface integrity definition of the micro hole features in drilling nickel based super alloys. Since nickel based super alloys are known for their poor machinability, tool life becomes an important economic variable. For this purpose, tool wear was studied in the micro machining domain. A new tool wear map was developed on a feed-speed plane, identifying low tool wear zones at high productivity. Wear mechanisms were identified which contributed to better understanding of tool-workpiece interactions. A range of different heat resistant and wear resistant coatings were tested which helped identifying the critical material requirements of machining these alloys. Finally, after having developed a complete set of requirements for the mechanical micro drilling process in terms of process window, suitable tool geometry, workpiece surface integrity, tool wear evaluation and selection of suitable coatings for the micro drilling process; the surface integrity produced by mechanical drilling was compared with EDM and laser drilling processes. Mechanical and microstructural character of surface and subsurface layers was assessed. Comparison of surface integrity parameters showed that the mechanical micro drilling process has the potential to benefit industry making micro size holes with better hole definition and surface integrity. This work is an important contribution to industry in that it presents process feasibility assessment and characterization and is regarded by the industrial partners as having achieved Manufacturing Capability Readiness Level (MCRL) 3.
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Nogwanya, Thembalethu. "Feasibility of Nuclear Plasma Interaction studies with the Activation Technique." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6440.
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Magister Scientiae - MSc (Physics)Electron-mediated nuclear plasma interactions (NPIs), such as Nuclear Excitation by Electron Capture (NEEC) or Transition (NEET), can have a signi cant impact on nuclear cross sections in High Energy Density Plasmas (HEDPs). HEDP environments are found in nuclear weapons tests, National Ignition Facility (NIF) shots and in the cosmos where nucleosynthesis takes place. This thesis explores the impact of NPIs on highly excited nuclei. This impact is understood to be more intense in highly-excited nuclei states in the quasi-contiuum which is populated by nuclear reactions prior to their decay by spontaneous -ray emission.
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Chatterjee, Subhajit. "A methodology for determining feasibility and choice of method for cellular manufacturing." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54778.
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This research addressed two very fundamental issues in cellular manufacturing. These two issues were organizational feasibility for the implementation of cellular manufacturing and the choice of method approach for part-family/machine grouping if feasibility was adjudged, given organizational and manufacturing characteristics. The approach to part-family/machine grouping may follow one of the following options—a design-oriented approach, a production-oriented approach, or a combination of both. An examination of published literature, in English, on cellular manufacturing indicated the need for this research. A methodology was developed to address the above issues.
A Conceptual Flow Model (CFM) was first developed to structure and rationalize the research problem. The concept of the CFM originated from the basic input-output production model in literature. This model helped the formulation of the research problem by rationalizing that a new manufacturing approach, cellular manufacturing, was feasible for an organization if certain performance measures were weak and if certain criteria regarding the products, available resources, procedures used, and organizational characteristics were met. On the other hand, the model proposed that an organization could remain functionally arranged and improve its existing procedures for better performance if these criteria were not met. This work, however, did not include this latter part of the model as a research issue.
Once feasibility for the implementation of cellular manufacturing was adjudged, the model hypothesized that a part-family/machine grouping approach was necessary for the initial design of the cells. This approach was to be selected from the design-oriented approach, the production-oriented approach, or a combination of both.
This model formulation enabled the identification of important attributes pertinent to the research problem. The attributes were identified through a comprehensive review of applicable literature in cellular manufacturing. The attributes for the feasibility issue were clustered into four categories. These were the products and processes category, the resources category, the procedures category, and the organizational characteristics category. The attributes pertinent to the choice of method issue were clustered into the product category, the resources category, and the objectives category. The identification of the attributes was followed by an explanation of their relevance.
A set of propositions was developed next to relate the level of an attribute to the feasibility for the implementation of cellular manufacturing and the choice of method issues. The propositions further strengthened the theoretical background of this research through the use of past research and enabled the construction of the rules necessary for resolving the choice of method issue. A complete set of definitions and specifications was then developed for each of the attributes for both issues. The purpose of the specifications was to enable the measurement of the attribute levels through developed measures of each attribute. All the attributes were weighted according to their perceived importance.
A scoring model was developed to determine a score for feasibility for cellular implementation. This score represented a calculated measure of an organization’s feasibility for the implementation of cellular manufacturing. A rule-based procedure was developed to determine the choice of method for part-machine grouping.
To verify the relevance of the attributes, their measures and weights, and (indirectly) the propositions, companies engaged in cellular manufacturing were visited and data pertinent to the feasibility analysis and choice of method procedures were collected. Valuable information was gained from these visits, and it was found that some attribute measures will require possible refinement in future research. This field research also indicated the possibility of refinement of the feasibility matrix constructed from the feasibility analysis procedure. Certain attributes pertinent to the choice of method procedure also may require refinement in future research. For comparison purposes, data were also collected from a company with a functional layout and used with the scoring model.
In summary, the objective of developing a framework for determining organizational feasibility for the implementation of cellular manufacturing and the choice of method approach for part-family/machine grouping if feasibility was adjudged, given organizational and manufacturing characteristics, was undertaken. The framework was developed and its components verified through field work.Ph. D.
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Young, Tiffany Lenell. ""Having Our Say": Exploring the Processes and Feasibility of a Community-Based Participatory Intergenerational Physical Activity Program for Grandparents Raising Grandchildren." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5405.
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Over the past twenty years, the number of grandparents raising grandchildren has increased substantially. In many cases, raising grandchildren can be stressful and may aggravate pre-existing health conditions. Grandchildren in these kinship relationships often experience poor health outcomes as well. Typically, both grandparents and grandchildren do not engage in positive health behaviors. Thus, there is a need to develop intergenerational health promotion interventions for grandparents raising grandchildren. This study used the community-based participatory research approach to develop and implement an eight-week intergenerational program for kinship families. The specific goals of this descriptive study were to understand the process and feasibility of developing and implementing the intervention from the perspective of key stakeholders. Content analysis of observational, focus group, and interview data from grandparents, nurses, exercise consultants, and recreation staff provided an in-depth account of the intervention's process (i.e., recruitment, dose delivered, dose received, fidelity, and context) and feasibility (i.e., acceptability, demand, practicality, and integration). Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to determine if the intervention had an effect on participants' health outcomes (i.e., depression, blood pressure, waist circumference, heart rate, weight, balance, and BMI) over time. Although analyses did not result in statistically significant effects on health outcomes, the data trends indicated the possibility of health improvements given a larger sample size. The distinct details gleaned from this study can provide researchers, community organizations, and practitioners with guidance on how to use community partnerships and existing strengths to develop and implement effective community-based intergenerational interventions.
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Fraser, Ian. "The feasibility of high synthesis gas conversion over ruthenium promoted iron-based Fischer Tropsch catalyst." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2588.
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Thesis (MTech (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.One of the very promising synthetic fuel production strategies is the Fischer-Tropsch process, founded on the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, which owes its discovery to the namesake researchers Franz Fischer and Hans Tropsch. The Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) converts via complex polymerisation reaction a mixture of CO and H2 over transition metal catalysts to a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and oxygen containing compounds with water as major by-product. The mixture of CO and H2 (termed syngas) may be obtained by partial oxidation of carbon containing base feedstocks such as coal, biomass or natural gas via gasification or reforming. The Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process thus presents the opportunity to convert carbon containing feedstocks to liquid fuels, chemicals or hydrocarbon waxes, which makes, for instance, the monetisation of stranded gas or associated gas a possibility. The FT-process is typically carried out in two modes of operation: low temperature Fischer-Tropsch (LTFT) and high temperature Fischer-Tropsch (HTFT). LTFT is normally operated at temperatures of 200 – 250 °C and pressures of 10 – 45 bar to target production of high molecular weight hydrocarbons, while HTFT is operated at 300 – 350 °C and 25 bar to target gasoline production. The catalytically active metals currently used commercially are iron and cobalt, since product selectivity over nickel is almost exclusively to methane and ruthenium is highly expensive in addition to requiring very high pressures to perform optimally. Fe is much cheaper, but tends to deactivate more rapidly than Co due to oxidation in the presence of high H2O partial pressures. One of the major drawbacks to using Fe as FT catalyst is the requirement of lower per pass conversion which necessitates tail gas recycle to extend catalyst life and attain acceptable overall conversions. A more active or similarly active but more stable Fe-catalyst would thus be advantageous. For this reason promotion of a self-prepared typical LTFT Fe-catalyst with Ru was investigated. A precipitated K-promoted Fe-catalyst was prepared by combination of co-precipitation and incipient wetness impregnation and a ruthenium containing catalyst prepared from this by impregnation with Ru3(CO)12. The catalysts, which had a target composition of 100 Fe/30 Al2O3/5 K and 100 Fe/30 Al2O3/5 K/3 Ru, were characterised using XRD, SEMEDX, ICP-OES, TPR and BET N2-physisorption, before testing at LTFT conditions of 250 °C and 20 bar in a continuously stirred slurry phase reactor.
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Reynolds, D'Arcy James. "ONLINE DATA COLLECTION FOR PSYCHOTHERAPY PROCESS RESEARCH: SESSION IMPACT AND ALLIANCE EVALUATIONS." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1091453348.
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Hunter, William, James Oberg, and Travis Logsdon. "Feasibility study and process recommendation for United States Air Force currency transportation mission: "Jingle Runs"." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/9983.
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MBA Professional ReportThe purpose of this MBA Project was to study the current U.S. Air Force currency transportation process, particularly currency transportation from the United States to Japan and Korea. The goal of this study was to explore ways that might reduce the U.S. Air Forceb2ss cost burden for currency transportation. These tasks are called b3sJingle Runsb4s, which are performed to meet requirements of all Military Banking Facilities in Japan and Korea. Using modeling and forecasting, this study analyzes the current process against two viable currency transportation alternatives and recommends the most cost efficient alternative.
20
Kieffer, Daniel W. "Feasibility of recycling air conditioner condensate for use as process water for a manufacturing facility." Oklahoma City : [s.n.], 2008.
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Swart, Wessel Johannes. "The economic feasibility of commercial biodiesel production in South Africa including analyses of important production and related parameters." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19998.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the developed and developing world, the use of lipids for the production of alkyl esters, also known as biodiesel, showed phenomenal growth during the ten year period up to the end of 2007. The main sources for these lipids are the oils extracted from oil seeds such as soya-, palm-, and rape seed, but other products in the food chain such as waste cooking oil (yellow grease) and animal fats are also used. In Africa and Asia vast tracks of land not previously tilled, are now being cultivated to yield oils which are not edible and in a number of countries intensive research is focused on lipid producing species such as algae. Meanwhile more evidence is coming to the fore pronouncing biodiesel and other first generation biofuels not to be the panacea for the predicament the world is facing on unbridled population growth, energy security concerns and environmental issues such as indirect land use changes, global warming and climate changes. The acceptance of the National Biofuels Industrial Strategy at Cabinet level has not yet resulted in significant commensurate activity in South Africa. The availability, other uses and volumes of selected feed stocks for biodiesel production invite debate on the choice between food- and energy security and the appropriateness of some identified socio-economical and socio-political drivers for a viable industry. Somehow the unique characteristics of South Africa and its resources seem not to feature in debate and constraints on the production of biodiesel, as described in this dissertation. The conventional process routes for commercial biodiesel production are based on a mature technology which has inherent pollution and economical limitations. This called for a detailed critical evaluation on process routes more environmentally friendly or involving fewer unit processes generating more desirable products, albeit with more severe process conditions. By comparison, the homogeneous alkali catalyst alcoholysis (HACA), the enzymatic catalyst alcoholysis (ECA) and the super critical alcoholysis (SCA) process routes as developed in this study, are found to be competitive on total manucturing costs as assessed, if results emanating from selected sensitivity analyses and optimisation studies, are accepted. The total manufacturing and operating costs in the selected process routes as estimated, assuming the same capacities for commercial biodiesel production, are dominated by feed stock costs. Incentives on depreciation and fuel levies are deemed not effective, if costs are compared to the price of fossil diesel at the retail level – October 2011. It is concluded that using the feed stocks indicated in the Strategy, commercial biodiesel production is not economically feasible in South Africa at present. In this study process routes and feed stocks were identified that can change this position. Note should be taken of the intensive research activities being conducted on second generation technologies and biorefineries in the developed world, as discussed in this dissertation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die ontwikkelde en ontwikkelende wêreld het die gebruik van vette vir die produksie van alkielesters, ook bekend as biodiesel, in die tienjaarperiode tot die einde van 2007 fenomenale groei getoon. Die hoofbronne vir hierdie lipiede is die olies onttrek van oliesade soos soja-, palm-, en raapsaad, maar ander produkte in die voedselketting soos gebruikte kookolie en dierevette word ook gebruik. In Afrika en Asië word uitgestrekte stukke grond voorheen onbewerk, nou bewerk om olies wat nie eetbaar is nie, op te lewer, en in verskeie lande word intensiewe navorsing op vetproduserende spesies soos alge gedoen. Intussen kom meer bewyse na vore wat verklaar dat biodiesel en ander eerste-generasie biobrandstowwe nie die wondermiddel is vir die moeilike posisie wat die wêreld in die gesig staar oor onbeteuelde bevolkingsaanwas, kwellings oor energiesekuriteit en omgewingskwessies soos indirekte grondverbruike, aardverwarming en klimaatsveranderings nie . Die aanvaarding van die Nasionale Biobrandstowwe Industriële Strategie op kabinetsvlak het nog nie verhoogde soortgelyke aktiwiteite in Suid-Afrika tot gevolg gehad nie. Die beskikbaarheid, gebruike en volumes van gekose grondstowwe, lok debatte uit oor die keuse tussen voedsel- en energiesekuriteit en die toepaslikheid van sekere geïndentifiseerde sosio-ekonomiese en sosio-politieke stimulante vir ‘n lewensvatbare nywerheid. Op een of ander manier is die unieke kenmerke van Suid- Afrika en sy bronne nog nie in die debat op die knelpunte van biodiesel nie, soos beskryf in hierdie proefskrif. Die gewone prosesroetes vir kommersiële produksie van biodiesel is gebaseer op ‘n beproefde tegnologie met inherente besoedelings- en ekonomiese beperkings. Dit het gevra vir ‘n uitvoerige kritiese evaluasie van meer omgewingsvriendelike- en minder eenheidsprosesse wat meer gewensde produkte genereer, al is dit met erger prosesbepalings. By vergelyking, is dit bevind dat die homogene alkali-katalisator- alkoholisis (HAKA), ensiem-katalisator-alkoholisis (EKA) en die superkritiese-alkoholisis (SKA) prosesroetes soos in hierdie studie ontwikkel, mededingend is op ‘n totale vervaardigingskoste-vlak, as die resultate wat spruit uit geselekteerde sensiwiteitsanalises en optimiseringsstudies, aanvaar word. Die totale vervaardigings- en bedryfskostes soos beraam vir die gekose prosesroetes vir kommersiële biodieselvervaardiging vir dieselfde deursette, word oorheers deur grondstofkostes. Aansporings op afskrywings en brandstofheffings word gesien as nie effektief nie, as kostes vergelyk word met die prys van fossieldiesel op kleinhandelsvlak – Oktober 2011. Die gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat met die grondstowwe aangedui in die Strategie, kommersiële biodieselvervaardiging tans nie ekonomies gangbaar is vir Suid-Afrika nie. In hierdie studie is prosesroetes en grondstowwe geïdentifiseer wat die posisie kan verander. Kennis moet geneem word van die intensiewe navorsingsaktiwiteite op tweede-geslag tegnologieë en bioraffinaderye in die ontwikkelde wereld, soos in hierdie proefskrif bespreek.
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Ngeleka, Tholakele Prisca. "An investigation into the feasibility of applying the watergas shift process to increase hydrogen production rate of the hybrid sulphur process / T.P. Ngeleka." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4108.
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An investigation was undertaken to determine the feasibility of increasing the hydrogen production rate by coupling the water gas shift (WGS) process to the hybrid sulphur process (HyS). This investigation also involved the technical and economical analysis of the water gas shift and the H2 separation by means of Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process. A technical analysis of the water gas shift reaction was determined under the operating conditions selected on the basis of some information available in the literature. The high temperature system (HTS) and low temperature system (LTS) reactors were assumed to be operated at temperatures of 350°C and 200°C, respectively. The operating pressure for both reactors was assumed to be 30 atmospheres. The H2 production rate of the partial oxidation (POX) and the WGS processes was 242T/D, which is approximately two times the amount produced by the HyS process alone. The PSA was used for the purification process leading to a hydrogen product with a purity of 99.99%. From the total H2 produced by the POX and the WGS processes only 90 percent of H2 is recovered in the PSA. The unrecovered H2 leaves the PSA as a purge gas together with C02 and traces of CH4, CO, and saturated H20. The estimated capital cost of the WGS plant with PSA is about US$50 million. The production cost is highly dependent on the cost of all of the required raw materials and utilities involved. The production cost obtained was US $1.41/kg H2 based on the input cost of synthesis gas as produced by the POX process. In this case the production cost of synthesis gas based on US $6/GJ for natural gas and US $0/Ton for oxygen was estimated to be US $0.154/kg. By increasing the oxygen and natural gas cost, the corresponding increase in synthesis gas has resulted in an increase in H2 production cost of US $1.84/kg.Thesis (M.Sc. (Nuclear Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.
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FROTA, Luis Eduardo Medeiros. "Avaliação do uso de diferentes fontes de bauxita no processo de produção de óxido de alumínio." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2012. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/256.
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O Oxido de alumínio, Al2O3, comumente chamado de alumina se trata de um composto químico de ampla utilização na indústria estando presente em pastas de dente, tinta, aditivos para tratamento de água dentre outros. Porém sua principal utilização é na indústria do Alumínio onde representa a principal material prima para a obtenção deste metal. A maior parte do Oxido de alumínio produzido no mundo hoje tem como fonte primária a Bauxita. O Alumínio está presente nesse minério na forma de óxi-hidroxidos de alumínio onde os principais são: gibbsita Al(OH)3, diasporo AlO(OH) e boehmita AlO(OH). O processo de refino para obtenção da Alumina a partir da Bauxita mais comumente aplicado atualmente é o processo Bayer no qual o minério é atacado com uma solução cáustica a base de hidróxido de sódio (NaOH) a fim de solubilizar o Alumínio para posterior recristalização. As várias etapas do processamento do minério são definidas e ajustadas em virtude das peculiaridades da bauxita utilizada como, por exemplo, composição química, granulometria e composição mineralógica. Bauxitas com características diferentes pedem processamento diferenciado. Com a demanda por alumina crescente, novas fontes de Bauxita necessitam ser exploradas e uma preocupação é que tipo de mudanças um minério de uma nova fonte pode causar ao processo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a bauxita proveniente de uma nova fonte seus impactos no processo servindo como embasamento para tomada de decisão sobre a viabilidade da abertura de uma nova mina e um aumento de capacidade de processamento por parte da Refinaria. Caracterização química e simulação do processo Bayer em bancada mostraram que o material proveniente da nova fonte de bauxita não apresenta diferenças significativas em relação ao minério já utilizado embasando assim os investimentos para abertura e uma mina com capacidade de 4 milhões de toneladas de minério por ano e um aumento de capacidade de produção na refinaria de 2 milhões de toneladas de alumina ao ano.
The aluminum oxide, Al2O3, commonly called alumina it is a compound widely used in chemical industry and is present in toothpastes, ink, water treatment additives and others. However aluminum industry is the principal client where is the main raw material for production of this metal. Most of the aluminum oxide produced today has Bauxite as the main source. The aluminum is present in this ore as oxi-hydroxides which are the main: gibbsita Al(OH)3, diasporo AlO(OH) and boehmita AlO(OH). The refining process for obtaining alumina from bauxite most commonly is the Bayer Process where ore is attacked with a caustic solution based on sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in order to solubilize the aluminum subsequent to recrystallization. The various steps of ore processing are set and adjusted based on the characteristics used as, eg, chemical, mineralogical composition and particle size. Bauxites with different characteristics require different processing. With the increasing demand for alumina, new bauxite sources need to be explored and to know what kind of changes new ore source could require is fundamental. This work aimed to evaluate possible impacts caused by a new source and use this information to evaluate a new mine operation and increase processing capacity at Refinery. Chemical characterization and reproduction of some stages of the Bayer process in bench showed that material from the new source of bauxite does not differ significantly in relation to the first ore confirming investments for opening a anew mine with a capacity of 4 million tons per year supporting production increase refinery production capacity of 1,5 million tons of alumina per year.
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Schutte, Christiaan Frederik. "The feasibility of reverse osmosis as a water reclamation process with special reference to the rejection of organic compounds." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22470.
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This thesis deals with water reclamation and water reuse in the South African water supply context. The overall objective of the study is to assess the potential role and feasibility of reverse osmosis as a water reclamation process. In order to achieve this objective a number of separate desk, laboratory and pilot plant studies were conducted. It was concluded from the first desk study that a significant potential role exists for reverse osmosis in the South African water economy, mainly for the treatment of industrial effluents and, in the longer term, for the reclamation of water from sewage effluents and for the treatment of effluents and recycled water in indirect water reuse situations. A cost analysis showed that reverse osmosis could become economically viable in some water reuse situations in the near future provided that a productive membrane life of about three years can be achieved and that membrane fluxes can be maintained at design rates. These findings indicated the need for a pilot plant study to determine the effects of pretreatment and membrane cleaning on flux levels and rejection. A 50 m³/d pilot plant was designed and operated for a period of about six months from which it was concluded that acceptable flux levels can be maintained in tubular reverse osmosis plants treating well-oxidized activated sludge effluent with and without extensive pretreatment, provided both chemical and physical cleaning methods are employed. The desk study on the rejection of contaminants by reverse osmosis membranes indicated the need for a simple model that can be used to predict the removal of organic compounds of interest in water reclamation applications. It was concluded from a fundamental laboratory study, which included the evaluation of existing membrane models against laboratory data, that the solvophobic theory can be adapted in a simplified form to predict the transport of dissolved organic compounds in relatively non-polar reverse osmosis membranes. Based on reverse osmosis, diffusion, sorption and desorption data a mechanism is, furthermore, proposed for the transport of phenol in different membranes.
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Kuntz, Sarah Louise. "Feasibility of Attaining Fully Equiaxed Microstructure through Process Variable Control for Additive Manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1464557846.
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Mody, Anand J. "Feasibility of using nanofiltration as a polishing process for removal of cyanobacterial exudates from treated surface water." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000432.
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Bailey, Sarah Louise. "A feasibility and acceptability study and a qualitative process evaluation of a coping intervention for recurrent miscarriage." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/422273/.
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Background: Recurrent miscarriage is diagnosed when a woman has had three or more consecutive miscarriages. Increased levels of distress and anxiety are common during the early stages of any subsequent pregnancies, as women affected by this condition wait for confirmation that their pregnancy is ongoing. This can pose a significant threat to their psychological well-being, however only limited support and therapy are available. The Positive Reappraisal Coping Intervention (PRCI) is a novel self-administered supportive technique that has been shown to be effective in patients awaiting the outcome of fertility treatment. Study objectives: The primary objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of running a future definitive study to test the effectiveness of the PRCI in improving quality of life in the difficult waiting period that women with previous miscarriage endure before an ongoing pregnancy can be confirmed. Methodology: A two-centre randomised controlled trial feasibility study and qualitative process evaluation recruited seventy-six participants. Forty-seven of these were randomised at the point of a positive pregnancy test in to one of two study groups. The PRCI intervention group received the PRCI card and weekly questionnaires to assess their psychological well-being during the waiting period of their new pregnancy. The non-intervention group completed the same weekly questionnaires. The qualitative process evaluation employed semi-structured interviews (n=14) to address relevant aspects of the study objectives. Feasibility findings: Data suggest that successful recruitment to a future definitive study investigating a coping intervention for recurrent miscarriage is possible and that there is an appropriate and sizeable patient population willing to take part. The study participants demonstrated a positive attitude to using the PRCI, finding it an acceptable and practical intervention to use during the challenging waiting period of a new pregnancy. Results are encouraging and demonstrate that use of the PRCI was popular and conveyed some benefits to participants. An effectiveness RCT is warranted, however with some modification to take into account feasibility findings including varying recruitment rates between study sites, the reactive effect of Weekly Record Keeping data collection questionnaire and the adaptation of the use of the PRCI.
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Arnau, Laurent. "Techno-Economic Feasibility Study for the Production of Microalgae Based Plant Biostimulant." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-206384.
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Microalgae are considered as a potential feedstock for many promising applications. Some active substances in microalgae have plant biostimulation effects potentially useful in agriculture. However, to produce such a microalgal biomass, specific microalgae cultivation and post-treatment processes must be designed to preserve active substances. A particular focus is provided on cultivation (tubular photobioreactor) and different plausible post-treatment scenarios for microalgae separation (flocculation and centrifugation) and preservation (sterilization and drying). For each step, yield and energy consumption are modeled using data taken from literature or lab and pilot scale experiments. Industrial equipment for scale-up process is also studied by comparing existing systems. These models enable to make an economic evaluation of the whole process and to study its profitability for each scenario. The breakeven price is calculated as a function of the production rate. Several parameters are suggested to improve system efficiency and profitability at the end of this study. However, a better microalgae characterization and more experiments on potential post-treatment systems are required to improve the accuracy of the model.
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Junqueira, Tassia Lopes 1985. "Techno-economic feasibility analysis of process alternatives for ethanol production in Brazil = Análise de viabilidade técnico-econômica de alternativas de processo para a produção de etanol no Brasil." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266044.
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Orientadores: Rubens Maciel Filho, Antonio Maria Francisco Luiz José BonomiTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química
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Resumo: As usinas de cana-de-açúcar encaixam-se no conceito de biorrefinaria, uma vez que produzem etanol, açúcar e eletricidade, entre outros produtos. A produção de etanol de 1ª geração (1G), a partir do caldo de cana-de-açúcar, é um processo bem estabelecido, enquanto a produção de etanol a partir de materiais lignocelulósicos, denominado processo de 2ª geração (2G), tem recebido atenção especial nas últimas décadas. No Brasil, bagaço e palha são as matérias-primas de maior potencial para a produção de etanol 2G devido a sua disponibilidade e relativo baixo custo, no entanto o processo não está consolidado até o momento. O presente estudo teve por objetivo estudar a integração de diferentes tecnologias ao processo de produção de etanol, considerando as tecnologias 1G e 2G, a fim de avaliar os impactos na viabilidade técnico-econômica das biorrefinarias de cana-de-açúcar. Resultados mostraram que a diversificação dos produtos, através da produção de açúcar, eletricidade e biogás, bem como a flexibilidade na produção melhoram a viabilidade técnico-econômica e diminuem a suscetibilidade às oscilações de mercado, aumentando a estabilidade dos negócios. Para a produção de etanol 2G, os impactos das condições operacionais da hidrólise enzimática e características das enzimas no processo integrado de produção de etanol 1G2G foram avaliados através da formulação de um modelo matemático e análise estatística. Visando à redução do custo de produção do etanol, as melhores condições operacionais foram determinadas e mostraram-se muito sensíveis ao preço de enzimas. A extensão do período de operação das biorrefinarias de cana-de-açúcar, que é usualmente de 6 a 8 meses por ano, permite reduzir a contribuição do investimento no custo de produção de etanol. O processamento de sorgo sacarino durante a entressafra de cana-de-açúcar apresentou expressivo potencial para incrementar a produção de etanol e eletricidade, bem como melhorar a viabilidade econômica. A integração de uma planta 2G processando o ano todo resultou em uma alternativa promissora, mas com alto investimento quando comparada às demais alternativas. A abordagem apresentada nesta tese pode ser utilizada para avaliar outras rotas e tecnologias, identificando gargalos tecnológicos e guiando a pesquisa a fim de aumentar a viabilidade do processo
Abstract: Sugarcane mills fit into the biorefinery concept, since ethanol, sugar and electricity, among others, are possible products. The first generation (1G) ethanol production, from sugarcane juice, is a well-established process, while ethanol production from lignocellulosic materials, the so-called second generation (2G) process, has received special attention in the last decades. In Brazil, sugarcane bagasse and straw are potentially the most important feedstock for 2G ethanol production due to their availability and relative low cost, but the process is not established yet. This study focused on the integration of different technologies in the ethanol production process, taking into account both 1G and 2G technologies, in order to assess the impacts on techno-economic feasibility of sugarcane biorefineries. Results showed that product diversification, through production of sugar, electricity and biogas, as well as production flexibility improve techno-economic feasibility and reduce susceptibility to market oscillations, improving business stability. For 2G ethanol production, the impacts of operating conditions on enzymatic hydrolysis and enzyme features in the integrated 1G2G ethanol production process were assessed through the formulation of a mathematical model and statistical evaluation. Aiming at the reduction of ethanol production cost, best operating conditions were determined and showed to be very sensitive to enzyme prices. Extending the operation period of sugarcane biorefineries, which is from 6 to 8 months per year, allows reducing contribution of investment on ethanol production cost. Sweet sorghum, processed in the sugarcane off-season, presented a great potential to increase ethanol and electricity production as well as to improve economic feasibility. Integration of a 2G plant processing all year-round resulted in a promising alternative, but presents high investment cost compared to other alternatives. The approach presented in this thesis can be used to perform assessments of other routes and technologies, identifying technological bottlenecks and guiding research in order to improve process feasibility
Doutorado
Desenvolvimento de Processos Químicos
Doutora em Engenharia Quimica
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Ortiz, Chao Paola A. "β-lactoglobulin-derived bioactive peptides : a study of the feasibility of an ion exchange process for their production." Thesis, University of Reading, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497119.
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β-lactoglobulin (βLg) is an important source of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides. These peptides have the potential to become ingredients in future functional foods, however appropriate technologies are needed for their cost-effective industrial production. Thus, this work was carried out to investigate the feasibility of an ion exchange process for the production of potent βLg-derived ACE inhibitors using Protease N Amano, a commercial food-grade proteolytic preparation. βLg was hydrolysed in solution and in situ using Protease N Amano and optimal hydrolysis conditions.
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Öberg, Eric, and Gustav Kindeskog. "16 GS/s Continuous-Time ΣΔ Modulator in a 22 nm SOI Process : a Simulation and Feasibility Study." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tekniska fakulteten, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-155781.
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With a reference specification model in terms of 8 GS/s Sigma Delta Modulator in a 28 nm CMOS process consuming 890 mW, the purpose with this thesis is to construct a similar and simpler model but with higher specification demands. In a 22 nm SOI process with an input signal bandwidth of 500 MHz sampled at 16 GS/s with a power consumption below 2 W, the objective is to design a Continuous-Time Sigma Delta Modulator with verified simulated functionality on a transistor level basis. This specification is accomplished - with a power consumption in total of 75 mW. The design methodology is divided into an integrator part along with a quantizer and feedback DAC part. A top-down strategy is carried out starting with an ideal high level Verilog-A model for the complete system, followed by a hardware implementation on transistor level.
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Walker, Sharron. "A feasibility study to strengthen educational administration using statistical process control, based upon a theory of profound knowledge." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186755.
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Statistical Process Control is a method of assessing system processes that is typically used in the business sector. Profound knowledge is an integrated theory of understanding people, variation, systems and knowledge. It forms the foundation for Statistical Process Control. W. Edwards Deming was a management theorist who proposed that Statistical Process Control, based upon profound knowledge, could be used by businesses to improve productivity. This study analyzed the use of Statistical Process Control, based upon W. Edwards Deming's (1986) theory of profound knowledge, by the principal in a high school. It modified Deming's Plan-Do-Check-Act Cycle and used a Systems Application Model to study and improve school processes. The elements of the Systems Application Model are the input, the technology, the output, and the continuous improvement loop. The input is the raw material (the data)--that which must be changed. The technology is the process used to convert the raw material (the data) into new knowledge. The technology, based upon profound knowledge, is Statistical Process Control. Statistical Process Control converts the data into new knowledge, which leads to improved processes. The output is the improved process. This new output loops back into the system, collecting new raw data, to be further improved over time. The Systems Application Model was used in this study to assess and improve an attendance problem in a small high school by using the elements of profound knowledge to apply statistical process control to the problem. The results of the study demonstrated that Statistical Process Control, guided by profound knowledge, could be used in a school setting to solve school problems, improve the way in which school problems are assessed and lead to continuous improvement of a school's systems. In addition, an understanding of profound knowledge can lead to a paradigm shift in the way principals view the system in which they work.
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Cheepweasarash, Piansiri, and Sarinthorn Pakapongpan. "A Feasibility Study of Setting-up New Production Line : Either Partly Outsource a process or Fully Produce In-House." Thesis, Mälardalen University, Department of Innovation, Design and Product Development, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-746.
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This paper presents the feasibility study of setting up the new potting tray production line based on the two alternatives: partly outsource a process in the production line or wholly make all processes in-house. Both the qualitative and quantitative approaches have been exploited to analyze and compare between the make or buy decision. Also the nature of business, particularly SMEs, in Thailand has been presented, in which it has certain characteristics that influence the business doing and decision, especially to the supply chain management. The literature relating to the forecasting techniques, outsourcing decision framework, inventory management, and investment analysis have been reviewed and applied with the empirical findings. As this production line has not yet been in place, monthly sales volumes are forecasted within the five years time frame. Based on the forecasted sales volume, simulations are implemented to distribute the probability and project a certain demand required for each month. The projected demand is used as a baseline to determine required safety stock of materials, inventory cost, time between production runs and resources utilization for each option. Finally, in the quantitative analysis, the five years forecasted sales volume is used as a framework and several decision making-techniques such as break-even analysis, cash flow and decision trees are employed to come up with the results in financial aspects.
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Säger, Florian. "A Feasibility Study of an Automated Repair Process using Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) with a Machine Integrated Component Measuring Solutio." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-248022.
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The repair of worn or damaged components is becoming more attractive to manufacturers, since it enables them to save resources, like raw material and energy. With that costs can be reduced, and profit can be maximised. When enabling the re-use of components, the lifetime of a component can be extended, which leads to improved sustainability measures. However, repair is not applied widely, mainly because costs of repairing are overreaching the costs of purchasing a new component. One of the biggest expense factors of repairing a metal component is the labourintense part of identifying and quantifying worn or damages areas with the use of various external measurement systems. An automated measuring process would reduce application cost significantly and allow the applications to less cost intense component. To automate the repair process, in a one-machine solution, it is prerequisite that a measuring device is included in the machine enclosure. For that, different measuring solutions are being assessed towards applicability on the “Trumpf TruLaser Cell 3000 Series”. A machine that uses the Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) technology to print, respectively weld, metal on a target surface. After a theoretical analysis of different solutions, the most sufficient solution is being validated by applying to the machine. During the validation a surface models from a test-component is generated. The result is used to determine the capability of detecting worn areas by doing an automated target-actual comparison with a specialised CAM program. By verifying the capability of detecting worn areas and executing a successful repair, the fundamentals of a fully automated repair process can be proven as possible in a one-machine solution.Tillverkare har börjat se stora möjligheter i att reparera slitna eller skadade komponenter som ett sätt att spara resurser, så som råmaterial och energi. Med den besparingen minskar kostnaderna och vinsten kan således maximeras. Reparation möjliggör även återanvändning av komponenter, vilket förlänger komponentens livslängd och leder till förbättrade hållbarhetsåtgärder. Dock tillämpas reparation inte i någon stor utsträckning i nuläget, främst eftersom kostnaderna för reparation överstiger kostnaderna för att köpa en ny komponent. En av de största kostnaderna för att reparera en metallkomponent är att identifiera och kvantifiera slitna eller skadade områden med hjälp av olika externa mätsystem, som är en väldigt arbetsintensiv process. En automatiserad mätprocess skulle minska avsökningskostnaden avsevärt och således reducera den totala kostnaden för komponenten. För att möjliggöra en automatiserad reparationsprocess i en enda maskinlösning är det en förutsättning att en mätanordning ingår i maskinhöljet. Därför har olika mätningslösningar utvärderats med avseende på användbarhet i "TRUMPF TruLaser Cell 3000 Series", vilket är en maskin som använder Laser Metall Deposition-teknik (LMD-teknik) för att skriva ut och svetsa metall på en definierad yta. En teoretisk analys av olika lösningar har utförts, där den teoretiskt mest lämpliga lösningen validerades genom att appliceras till maskinen. Valideringen genererade en modell av ytan av en testkomponent. Sedan utfördes en automatiserad, målrelaterad jämförelse med ett specialiserat CAM-program baserat på modellresultatet, för att bestämma möjligheten att upptäcka slitna områden. Genom att verifiera förmågan att upptäcka slitna områden samt genomförandet av en lyckad reparation kan grunden för en helt automatiserad reparationsprocess bevisas som möjlig i en enda maskinlösning.
Das reparieren von abgenutzten oder beschädigten Komponenten wird immer attraktiver für Hersteller. Es ermöglicht es Ressourcen einzusparen wie beispielsweise Rohmaterial und Energie, was die Lebenszeit einer Komponente verlängert und damit die Nachhaltigkeit verbessert. Allerdings ist Reparieren nach wie vor nicht weit verbreitet, hauptsächlich dadurch bedingt, dass die Reparaturkosten die Kosten für eine neue Komponente übersteigen. Einer der größten Kostenfaktoren des reparieren einer Metallkomponente ist der Arbeitsintensive Teil der Identifizierung und Quantifizierung des abgenutzten oder beschädigten Bereichs mit verschiedensten externen Vermessung Systemen. Ein automatisierter Vermessungsprozess würde die Kosten signifikant reduzieren und neue Applikationen ermöglichen. Das automatisieren der gesamte Prozesskette – in einer Single-Maschinenlösung – erfordert, dass eine Messeinrichtung im Bearbeitungsraum der Maschine angebracht wird. Dafür werden verschiedene Lösungen nach Anwendbarkeit an der Trumpf Laser Cell 3000 Serie hin beurteilt. Eine Maschine, welche Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) als Technologie anwendet um Material auf Oberflächen aufzubringen. Nach einer theoretischen Analyse verschiedener Lösungen wird die beste Lösung va durch anbringen an die Maschine validiert. Bei der Validierung wird ein Oberflächenmodel erzeugt. Das Ergebnis wird dann genutzt um die Fähigkeit zu belegen, dass beschädigte Stellen, durch einen Soll-Ist-Vergleich in einem speziellen CAM Programm, automatisch detektiert werden können. Basierend auf diesem Beleg und mit dem Ergebnis eine Komponente erfolgreich reparieren zu können, gilt die These eines automatisierten Reparaturprozesses in einer Single-Maschinenlösung als beweisen.
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Papanikolaou, Dimitrios M. S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Attribute process methodology : feasibility assessment of Digital Fabrication Production Systems for planar part assemblies using network analysis and System Dynamics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44283.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-76).
A Digital Fabrication Production System (DFPS) is a concept describing a set of processes, tools, and resources that will be able to custom produce an artifact according to a design, fast, cheap, and easy, independently of location. A DFPS project is a complex assembly of custom parts that is delivered by a network of fabrication and assembly processes. This network is called the value chain. Evaluating feasibility of a DFPS project has two main problems: first, how to evaluate assemblability of the design; second, how to evaluate performance of the value chain. This thesis formulates Attribute Process Methodology (APM); a framework that describes assembly and value chain structure as a network of attributes and processes and uses System Dynamics to evaluate its performance.
by Mimitrios Papanikolaou.
S.M.
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Wang, Chiang-Lin, and 王江林. "Feasibility Study of Nitritification Process With Aerobic Fluidized Bed Treating Petrochemical Process Wastewater." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12640357880595005051.
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Hong, Jyh Shiong, and 洪志雄. "Feasibility Study of Corn Oil Process Wastewater by Electroflotation." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58423417170846510760.
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Lin, Ting-Jui, and 林廷叡. "Feasibility analysis of CO2-reuse process by GH-space." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/h93u3w.
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碩士國立清華大學
化學工程學系所
105
With the increasing use of fossil fuels and the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the world. Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) has been regarded as an important way to reduce carbon emissions. Although the considerable progress has been made in capturing, storage technology has been stagnant. So how to reduce carbon emissions and how to transform carbon dioxide into chemical and energy products has become a very important issue. In this study, GH-space idealized process analysis was used to analyze several carbon dioxide reusing processes. This ideal analysis was used to calculate the least energy-consuming and to minimize the carbon dioxide emissions from the process. The research is divided into two parts. Frist part is to study the carbon reduction ability of different H2/CO ratio of syngas produced by different reforming reactions. Second part is to find the best reaction path to synthesis DMC from CO2 and methanol. For the syngas synthesis research, we found Dry/Steam process has ability to reduce CO2 if H2/CO ratio less than 1.6. Dry/Steam/Partial process can reduce CO2 when H2/CO ratio less than 2.2. Dry+H2 process can reduce CO2 in any H2/CO ratio. In raw material cost research shows, only if H2 price lower than 1000 USD/Ton, Dry/H2 process can compete with the others. For the DMC synthesis research, we found it is possible to find the best reaction path by GH-space. In terms of carbon reduction ability. Transesterification method, direct synthesis method and direct synthesis method (with BO dehydration) all have very good carbon reduction ability, and methanol oxidation carbonylation method has the worst carbon reduction ability. If consider all carbon reduction ability, reaction conversion and product profits. Urea indirect alcoholysis via PC should be the best path.
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Yeh, Tso-Yuan, and 葉佐元. "A feasibility study of ship positioning by CCD image process." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55217125883845667369.
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碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
河海工程學系
94
Abstract The thesis is to discuss indoor ship positioning. We used CCD camera to photograph the sailing ship first, and used some programs to cut the film then changed them into photos. Next, we used some programs to gray scale the photos. Then found the coordination of the ship by surveying different gray scales of the pictures, and derived the speed of the ship. We changed different rotational speeds to start turning test. And we found that the starboard whirl orbits are less than the port ones. At the same speed, we used each 0.5 second and each 0.2 second to analyze. Compare those two results, we found that whirl orbits are much more circular and smooth at the each 0.5 second. About the speed, the rotational speeds decreased from the initiation to the one-fourth of it, and kept decreasing until the speed decelerated to one third and a half.
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Su, Hui-Ching, and 蘇惠靖. "Feasibility of Remediating Heavy-Metal Contaminated Soil by Extraction Process." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38221806005539770578.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
環境工程與科學系
91
The extraction process has been reported as an effective method to treat heavy-metal contaminated soils. Thus, this study chose 0.1 N HCl, 0.05 M EDTA, 1 M citric acid(CA), 1 g/L humic acid(HA, pH=11.4), and 1, 3, 5, 10g/L humic acid(pH=7) to evaluate the feasibility of remediating 5 heavy-metal contaminated soils. The results of sequential extraction indicated that Cd preferentially existed as exchangeable and carbonates forms. Copper was found to associate mainly with carbonates, Fe-Mn oxides and organic matters, while Cr associated mainly with Fe-Mn oxides and organic matters. Lead and Zinc were associated mainly with carbonate and Fe-Mn oxides. The extraction experiments showed that HCl, EDTA and CA were the most efficient extraction reagents for most metals with the average extraction efficiency of 87.4%, 84.5% and 83.8%, respectively. In addition, all extractants may reach the maximum desorption amounts within 1 hour. However, humic acid took less effect on heavy metals extraction, but could be increased with its concentration. In summary, HCl was the most effective reagent reaching the control standard of soil pollution, except for Cr and higher contaminated Cu. But the acidity and corrosiveness of HCl may change soil fundamental properties and reduce soil fertility. The extraction efficiency was no difference between EDTA and CA, but the lower pH of CA may cause the same defect of HCl. Therefore, EDTA (pH=4.5) may be a better choice for remediating heavy metal contaminated soils due to the fact that it can decompose naturally and lower environmental impact if the heavy metal(s) with low concentration could be washed away in soil by humic acid.
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Kuo, Tsai-Hua, and 郭才華. "Feasibility Study on Anaerobic Hydrogenesis-Methanogenesis Process for High Strength Wastewater." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63532236813751743629.
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碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
環境與安全衛生工程所
90
ABSTRACT Anaerobic digestion is a widely accepted process for high strength organic solid waste disposal. Organic waste could be converted to methane and carbon dioxide by different groups of microorganisms. These microorganisms are largely categorized to acidogenic and methanogenic bacteria. To enhance the performance of anaerobic digestion, optimal environments should be provided for major group of microorganisms. Phase separation in anaerobic digesters was developed and achieved good results. The two-phase system of acid- and methane-forming reactors are widely accepted. Hydrogen is evolved in anaerobic fermentation process. However, it was effectively converted to methane by methanogenic bacteria. Recently, hydrogen-fuel has been universally recognized as energy of the future. Biohydrogen production also draws great attention and has some achievement. Since the low conversion rate of hydrogen fermentation, the discharge still contains high concentration of organics which rich in energy. In order to promote total energy production, more studies are needed for the system of hydrogen production and the discharge utilization. The purpose of this study was to investigate the energy production of hydrogenesis-methanogenesis process with different hydraulic retention times (HRT). A two-stage system (hydrogenesis-methanogenesis) and a single-stage system were set-up for the study, all reactors were complete stirred tank reactors and the effective volume were 4, 8 and 2 liter, respectively. Concentrate brewery wastewater from a nearby plant was collected as the substrate and the concentrate was adjusted to 110 g/L in COD for the feed. The two-stage system was operated in 9 consequent sets. In which, the hydrogenesis reactor was controlled at 3 different HRT, 24, 16 and 8 hours. The methanogenesis reactor was fed with hydrogenesis reactor effluent and controlled at 3 different HRT, 10, 15 and 20 days. The single-stage reactor was operated at HRT of 10, 15 and 20 days individually. Totally, there were 12 runs in the study. In the hydrogenesis reactor tests, the optimal hydrogen concentration, hydrogen production rate and H2/VS conversion occurred at 8 hr HRT which were 32 %, 5.42 L-H2/ L-reactor/ day and 21 ml-H2/g VS added, respectively. These values decreased as HRT increased. Hydrogen production efficiency increased with ethanol, acetic acid decreased and butyric acid increased. The response of ethanol conc. was instantly with the increase of substrate conc., while it was 1 to 2 HRT later for acetic and butyric acids to increase. The optimal acidification efficiency occurred at HRT 24 hrs, and the major volatility fatty acid was acetic acid. This was no indication that high acidification efficiency resulted in a better hydrogen production reaction. In the methanogenesis reactor tests, methane content increased with HRT. On the contrary, methane production and CH4/VS conversion decreased as HRT increased. It determined that energy production was affected by the VFAs of influent (effluent of hydrogenesis reactor). As the influent contented higher acetic acid (HRT 24 hours in hydrogenesis reactor), which could be direct utilized by methanogenic microorganism, the reactor presented a better methane production. On the other hand, as the methane production rate decreased, the major VFA of substrate was butyric acid (HRT 8 hours in hydrogenesis reactor). It believed that the reactor was in acidogenesis and acetogenesis stage. It also noted that propionic acid was accumulated as HRT increased which inhibited the methanogenic activities and caused the pathway toward short chain fatty acid formation instead of methane generation. The energy production in the two-stage system was 2.5~14.2 kcal/L-reactor/day and 0.16~0.23 kcal/g VS removed in the hydrogenesis reactor and 3.1~25.6 kcal/L-reactor/day and 1.5~5.9 kcal/g VS removed in the methanogenesis reactor, respectively. The reactor with 8 hr HRT had the highest energy production in the hydrogen reaction, while the reactor with 10-day HRT fed with 24-hr HRT hydrogen reactor had the highest energy production in the methanogenesis reaction. However, energy production was as low as 1.3~2.9 kcal/ L-reactor/day and 0.8 kcal/g VS removed in the single-stage anaerobic fermentation. By using the methods of multiple regression and response surface design, the optimal energy production was the combination of 24- hr HRT hydrogenesis reactor and 10-day methanogenesis reactor, and then followed with 8-hr hydrogenesis reactor and 10-day methanogenesis reactor. The corresponding energy production were 25 and 20 kcal / L-reactor / day, respectively.
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HUANG, Chi-Shing, and 黃計陞. "Feasibility analysis of cost down on the process of forging wheels." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10820448378560582455.
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碩士國立暨南國際大學
管理學院經營管理碩士學位學程碩士在職專班
102
At this fuel rising and energy reduction era, the forging-processing wheel with intensified hardness and sound running nature containing has become the necessity in lightening the car’s weight. Traditional forging wheel from the round embryo shape is processed through the gradual forging sequence, not only leading to the complication in the forging process, but requiring multiple processing times, thereby causing higher cost than the traditional ones. The research is aimed at adopting the closer-shaping forging manufacturing that can reduce the umber of processing and machining, in order to cut it cost during the manufacturing. The scope of the research includes the cost and the structural analysis in the traditional forging wheel, design on the replacement materials for the closer shaping forging and its comparative analysis in cost structure between the traditional and the newly developed one, as well as it competitiveness in the future market. In regard to the design of replacing materials, the J-MatPro materials analysis and designed software is inducted, analyzing if it can meet the demands of forging wheel in various aspects of manufacturing sectors. Regarding the design on the closer-shaping forging manufacturing, this research used Flow 3D and Deform 3D, its software to analyze the possibility. Lastly, based on the newly designed technologies to analyze and compare the market competitiveness with currently manufactured forging wheel, ensuring if the newly manufactured technology can replace traditional manufacturing and becoming the mainstream in wheel making industry.
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Lee, Ci-Syun, and 李奇勳. "Feasibility Study of LNG Cold Energy Applied in Hydrogen Liquefaction Process." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99657643328389605503.
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碩士國立中興大學
機械工程學系所
100
Hydrogen is an important energy in the future, yet the storage of hydrogen is still a problem to be solved. Besides, the energy to liquefy hydrogen is quite remarkable. Taiwan is a major LNG (liquefied natural gas) importing country, and the importing amount is increasing year by year. To save energy, the utilization of LNG cold energy is more and more important. In this paper, analysis was conducted to evaluate the benefit of LNG cold energy used in hydrogen liquefaction. Linde cycle and Claude cycle were considered in the analysis. To liquefy hydrogen with Linde cycle, the temperature before the expansion valve must be lower than -91℃. LNG can be used to pre-cool hydrogen in advance to fulfill the requirement. If LNG and liquid nitrogen are used together, the liquefaction energy consumption can be saved of 179~597MJ/kg which equals to an efficiency of 60%. The combined LNG/liquid nitrogen Claude cycle shows the best performance in this study. The liquefaction process may still work with the heat exchanger efficiency as low as 60%. However, when the efficiency is higher than 90%, the expander impeller cavitations will occur. Therefore, in order to protect the impeller, the system compressor discharging pressure should be reduced. The hydrogen liquefaction rate is twice of the pure LNG Claude cycle, and 1.5 times greater than that of pure LNG Linde cycle. As for the specific liquefying work, the combined LNG nitrogen Claude cycle is only 1.42 times greater than that of pure LNG Claude cycle, and only 19% of pure LNG Linde cycle. Liquefying rate of pre-cooled Claude cycle is much higher than pre-cooled Linde cycle in hydrogen liquefaction; especially in the combined LNG/liquid nitrogen Claude cycle. In this study, the combined LNG/liquid nitrogen Claude cycle will save 70% refrigerant liquefying work. In other words, it saves hydrogen liquefying work and increases feasibility of hydrogen liquefaction in a great way.
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Lian, Jian-Zhi, and 連建智. "Feasibility study on the treatment of dye waste water by photocatalytic process." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95823457297633933401.
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Chang, Yui Chung, and 張毓娟. "Feasibility Assessment study of The Adaptation of Adoptive Services Process in Taipei." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97933881032533022364.
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Huang, Hsiang-Fen, and 黃香粉. "Feasibility Study of Panel Glass Thinning Wastewater Treatment with A Floatation Process." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70693423559510325011.
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Lin, Yu-xin, and 林俞辛. "Feasibility Analysis of ANAMMOX Process Occurring in Microcosom Vertical-Flow Constructed Wetlands." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39740327115525188489.
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碩士國立中山大學
海洋環境及工程學系研究所
103
Anoxic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) is biochemical process based on the theory of autotrophic nitrogen removal through nitrite to nitrogen gas. Unlike heterotrophic denitrification requiring adding extra organic carbon sources, the process of ANAMMOX can remove ammonia to nitrogen gas from wastewaters characterized by a low content of organic materials.To reach the purpose, in this study a vertical-flow constructed wetland(VFCW) system with deep depth and high HRT was used. The VFCW system was installed with gravels and filled with some anaerobic sludge for ANAMMOX bacteria growth in the system. The three VFCW systems were all filled with gravels(20-40 mm in diam) as media, and controlled by three different conditions: anaerobic sludge seeding and with vegetation(Phragmites), anaerobic sludge seeding without vegetation, and without both seeding and vegetation, respetively. Artificial wastewater, with NH3 levels(50 mg N/L) and hydralic retention time (HRT) was controlled as 1 day for all three systems. The experimental results showed that nitrite was found in higher amounts than nitrate in depth of 20cm of the system, while nitrite was decreased down in large amounts with low dissolved oxygen (DO) of 0.5mg/L found in 40cm depth of same system, which was meant that ANAMMOX might occur in this area learned by nitrite removal through Anammox bacteria probably. It was inferred that for the VFCW systems used in this study, ANAMMOX occurred obviously in the areas of 40cm depth. For further study throuth the bio-technique of qPCR, the results exhibited that Anammox bacteria indeed existed in the VFCW systems of this study.
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Hsieh, Hung-Fu, and 謝宏府. "Feasibility Assessment of Heavy Metal Polluted Soil Treated by the Waelz Kiln Process." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20374973049176456606.
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碩士國立中興大學
環境工程學系所
105
Electric arc furnace is one of the commonly used methods for the steel industry. It produces harmful dust in the process. Electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) contains a variety of heavy metals and dioxin. Arbitrary treatment would be a serious environmental pollution problem. The Waelz kiln process has been employed to treat EAFD for many years in Taiwan. However, the treatment of heavy metal contaminated soil is always a serious problem in Taiwan. Whether the heavy metal contaminated soil can be treated by the Waelz kiln process is a question worthy of discussion. This study takes heavy metal contaminated soils and mixing it with EAFD. The slags with and without of the contaminated soils from the treatment are compared with the product compositions. The Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) was employed to understand the stability of heavy metals in slags. Waelz Kiln Process is the most effective treatment method to treat EAFD. After granulation, with the addition of coke and silica sand could reduce the release flux of heavy metals from the slags. At high temperature (1300℃), the metal is reduced by carbon monoxide, and then the heavy metals could be separated with different boiling points. The results showed that EAFD after granulation mainly is zinc, accounting for 93.32 ± 1.18% of the total heavy metal content; heavy metal concentrations, however are less than the regulatory standards, and far below the background values (EAFD after granulation) The results showed that the addition of soil had no significant effect on the quality of the product (crude zinc oxide) at the concentration of 576567 ± 7986 mg / kg, accounting for 92.27 ± 0.22% of the total heavy metal content. The TCLP of the slag are also in compliance with regulatory standards. It is a viable processing technology to treat the contaminated soils. Waelz Kiln Process has a good separation capability to separate heavy metals with low boiling point (<1300℃), and its products are mainly crude zinc oxide. If resources are taken into account, zinc should be treated as far as possible with this process.
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HUANG, FU-KUEI, and 葉富貴. "A Feasibility Study of Dredging Process Using Geosynthetic Tubes for Tseng-Wen Dam." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75730883279032763646.
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碩士國立成功大學
土木工程學系碩博士班
95
In Taiwan, owing to the irregular distribution of the rains and the short length of river, the rainfalls flow into the sea in short time. Hence, in order to utilize the water, the dam is necessary to keep the run water. However, the depositing conditions of the dams are quite serious due to the topographical, geological factors and environmental changes. Therefore, how to manage and keep the existing dams efficiently will be a priority course for us. In this study, the method of geosynthetic tube in connection to the Geographical Information System (GIS) was used for a field practice in Tseng-Wen Dam to research the process and handling of dredging activities. Through the analysis of GIS, the processing plans were performed efficiently for the Tseng-Wen Dam(481-km2); besides, by way of the characteristics of the geosythetic tube, the sludge was well treated and solidified for protection. Through the evaluation of four methods of treatment, it is found that the cost of conventional sediment pond together with the filter process of geosynthetic tubes is highest but its efficiency is better than others. The cost is about NT$.1,318/m3. The advantages are: (1) Increasing the capacity of the dam shortly, (2).Better performance of filter treatment of the sludge, (3)Shorting the time needed for treatment. Another method of using cofferdam to sediment sludge inside the dam is cheapest which cost is about NT$.150/m3, however, its disadvantages include: process velocity is slow, and treated capacity is limited etc. The cost of the best method using cofferdam with cyclic filter process of the geosynthetic tubes inside the dam is NT$.319/m3 for the first year and NT$.192/m3 for the second year. The advantages include: (1) The treated capacity is not limited to the space, (2) Time for treatment is shortened, (3)The water resource was fully utilized.
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Wu, Chun-Hao, and 吳君豪. "The Feasibility Study of UltrasoundAssisted Decarbonating Process of Scaling Problemin Hot Spring Water." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49857563299182150306.
Full textAbstract:
碩士嘉南藥理科技大學
環境工程與科學系暨研究所
96
There were three types of hot spring water in Taiwan, including chlorine salt type, carbonate type and sulfate salt type. When the hot spring water was delivered by pipeline system, the carbonate was easily precipitated in the pipeline and storage system, which considered as an essential problem for the owners of hot spring industry. These scaling problems corroded and damaged the pipes, leading the potential explosion problems. The major treatment methods were adding the chemical agents that contained the phosphorous and nitrate to inhibit the scaling, which caused the serious eutrophication problems in our natural environment. Replacing the pipes frequently was considered as a way to solve problems and free for chemical pollutants. However, the maintenance cost was huge and the wasted pipes were considered as an environmental issue. Therefore, in order to solve scaling problems with green technologies, this study applied ultrasound energy to the simulation process of hot spring delivery system. The increase/decrease of pH values were determined and the before/after concentrations of calcium ion were analyzed. Thus, the potential formation mechanisms of scaling in hot spring water and the performance of ultrasound assisted inhibition process were carefully examined. The formation mechanisms of scaling in hot spring water: The experimental results indicated that the cations and anions were easily collided to form the precipitations under the lower flow rate. The reacted calcium concentrations were analyzed in low degree. However, the results were opposite under the higher flow rate. The reacted calcium concentrations were analyzed in high degree. Moreover, the same phenomena was observed and examined in the conditions of temperature changes. Higher temperature resulted in higher reacted calcium concentrations. Thus, it permitted that lower flow rate and temperature could form a stable reaction sites for cations and anions in hot spring water which resulted in high opportunity of scaling problems. The performance of ultrasound assisted inhibition process: The results indicated that ultrasound assisted inhibition process of scaling problem was depended with flow rate and temperature. When the control system was under lower flow rate and temperature, the performance functioned well in inhibiting the scaling problems. However, the performance was not obvious under higher flow rate and temperature. The experimental results of this study are insufficient to conclude the optimization control conditions of ultrasound assisted inhibition process, which needs further researches and studies to fulfill the requirements. Keyword: Hot spring, Scaling, Ultrasound, Carbonate