To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Process consumption.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Process consumption'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Process consumption.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Mvondo, Bernardin Gael. "Numerical techniques for optimal investment consumption models." University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4352.
Full textAbstract:
>Magister Scientiae - MScThe problem of optimal investment has been extensively studied by numerous researchers in order to generalize the original framework. Those generalizations have been made in different directions and using different techniques. For example, Perera [Optimal consumption, investment and insurance with insurable risk for an investor in a Levy market, Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, 46 (3) (2010) 479-484] applied the martingale approach to obtain a closed form solution for the optimal investment, consumption and insurance strategies of an individual in the presence of an insurable risk when the insurable risk and risky asset returns are described by Levy processes and the utility is a constant absolute risk aversion. In another work, Sattinger [The Markov consumption problem, Journal of Mathematical Economics, 47 (4-5) (2011) 409-416] gave a model of consumption behavior under uncertainty as the solution to a continuous-time dynamic control problem in which an individual moves between employment and unemployment according to a Markov process. In this thesis, we will review the consumption models in the above framework and will simulate some of them using an infinite series expansion method − a key focus of this research. Several numerical results obtained by using MATLAB are presented with detailed explanations.
2
Xue, Li. "Process Optimization of Dryers/Tenters in the Textile Industry." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5066.
Full textAbstract:
Textile dyeing and finishing industry uses dryers/tenters for drying and heat-setting fabrics. A very large fraction of the heating value of the fuel consumed in the burner ends up as waste in the dryer exhaust. An initial calculation showed that up to 90% of the energy consumed in the tenter is wasted. Therefore, quantifying the energy waste and determining drying characteristics are vitally important to optimizing the tenter and dryer operations. This research developed a portable off-line gas chromatography-based characterization system to assess the excess energy consumption. For low-demanding heat-setting situations, energy savings can be realized quickly.
On the other hand, there are demanding situations where fabric drying represents the production bottleneck. The drying rate may be governed either by the rate of heat transport or by the rate of moisture transport. A mathematical model is being developed that incorporates both these processes. The model parameters are being obtained from bench-scale dryer studies in the laboratories. The model will be validated using production scale data. This will enable one to predict optimization dryer operation strategies.
3
Expósito, Idir, and Itsaso Mujika. "Reductions in Energy Consumption through Process Optimisation and Variable Production." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-15209.
Full textAbstract:
Energy efficiency is becoming an important objective for modern manufacturing industry. The aim of this work is to improve energy efficiency of an automated system. Since a majority of production processes are limited by an external bottleneck, the hypothesis of this work is that reducing the processing rate of the restricted processes can lead to saving in energy and resources. A methodology based on optimisation at process, cell and line levels is developed and evaluated over different scenarios.The developed methodology is then applied to a simulated production cell to study its efficacy quantitatively. In this particular case, the proposed approach yields a decrease in energy consumption of 49% at maximum production capacity. This decrease can be greater if there is an external factor such as low demand or another stage in the production line.
4
Tran, Minh Quang. "An empirical investigation of the consumption process in 3D virtual worlds." Thesis, Open University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.580129.
Full textAbstract:
Virtual worlds are 3D online persistent multi-user environments where users interact through avatars. Virtual worlds are used for many activities including gaming, education, socialising and consumer-related activities. The focus of the investigation in this dissertation is on consumers' perceptions of the consumption process in Second Life, a virtual world. The consumption process in Second Life involves the acquisition, purchase and appropriation of virtual products for avatars. In this research project, research methods such as phenomenological interviews, laddering interviews and structured interviews were used to elicit consumers' perceptions of the consumption process in Second Life. The interviews were analysed by applying descriptive-phenomenology, thematic analysis and means-end chain analysis. The contribution of this research project has been an empirically-grounded understanding of consumers' perceptions of the consumption process in Second Life, including an understanding of virtual world affordances and consumers' needs during the consumption process. The theoretical contributions of this research project have been (1) phenomenological descriptions of the consumption process, (2) an analysis of virtual world affordances, such as 3D storefronts, teleportation, presence of others and access to websites, and (3) an understanding of how virtual world affordances address consumers' needs during the consumption process. Further, the practical contribution of this research has been the development of design guidelines for designers, developers and businesses: these guidelines can be applied to design and evaluate e-commerce environments that share similar features and affordances with Second Life.
5
Thagunna, Karan Singh. "Three assets model for portfolio selection under a constrained consumption rate process." Thesis, [Tuscaloosa, Ala. : University of Alabama Libraries], 2009. http://purl.lib.ua.edu/2131.
Full text
6
CALDERON, ENRIQUE ROY DIONISIO. "DIAGRAM FOR MINIMUM CARBON CONSUMPTION. APPLICATION IN THE BLAST FURNACE IRONMAKING PROCESS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=29696@1.
Full textAbstract:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
O cenário siderúrgico brasileiro passa, atualmente, por uma forte depressão, com uma capacidade instalada de 48,9 milhões de toneladas de aço bruto (que alcançará 51,9 milhões no primeiro trimestre de 2016) e uma queda na produção de 1,9 por cento em relação a 2014 (33,2 milhões de toneladas em 2015). Em 2015 teve-se um nível de utilização de 67,89 por cento das indústrias frente aos 85 por cento considerados como bom desempenho pelo Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (BNDES), porcentagem que diminuiu em consequência da queda do consumo interno 21 por cento (24 milhões de toneladas). A indústria siderúrgica brasileira utiliza o Alto-Forno como uma tecnologia para obtenção de ferro gusa. O Alto-Forno, nos dias de hoje, continua sendo o reator que apresenta a melhor opção entre as diversas tecnologias de obtenção de ferro-gusa devido a sua alta taxa de produção, alto desempenho térmico, estabilidade e segurança operacional e longevidade dos equipamentos. Contudo, diversas melhoras no processo são pesquisadas, sendo uma delas o controle operacional do reator que visa manter sua estabilidade prevendo possíveis falhas e reduzindo os consumos energéticos para mantê-los com produtividade competitiva frente ao mercado internacional. O presente trabalho apresenta a concepção de um modelo com objetivo de gerar a superfície de mínimo consumo de redutor (carbono) para a produção de ferro primário em Altos-Fornos. No seu desenvolvimento foram consideradas as condições de equilíbrio das reações de redução, os balanços de massa e de energia do processo e o equacionamento de parâmetros operacionais. Sua aplicação à redução em Altos-Fornos é exemplificada para situações reais, baseada no banco de dados operacionais de uma usina siderúrgica. Foi possível, a partir de planos de corte nestas superfícies, gerar diagramas binários do tipo CR-RD (Consumo de Redutor-Redução Direta), passíveis de serem obtidos on-line com o processo Dentre os resultados obtidos, foi possível identificar, confirmar e prever, através da análise dos casos estudados que o fenômeno que se costuma chamar de gelada do forno, são essencialmente inviabilidades termodinâmicas importantes, geradas por procedimentos inadequados na sua operação. Como na prática tais fenômenos só são detectados após já terem afetado em definitivo a marcha normal do forno, o resultado é uma significativa perda de produtividade do equipamento devido à necessidade de algumas horas para a retomada da normalidade da operação. Assim, o presente modelo, permitindo através de seus outputs gráficos acompanhar a dinâmica de tais fenômenos, ou seja, a detecção do movimento da operação do forno na direção daquelas inviabilidades termodinâmicas, conferirá ao processo, quando implementado on line , não só a garantia de correções operacionais antecipadamente à ocorrência do problema, mas, principalmente, maior segurança operacional ao processo. O sucesso da aplicação do presente modelo tanto em condições operacionais normais como anormais do Alto-Forno, concluíram por sua plena adequação aos objetivos propostos.
The Brazilian steel sector currently faces a severe depression, with an installed capacity of 48.9 million tons of crude steel (which will reach 51.9 million in the first quarter of 2016) and there was a decrease in production of 1.9 per cent in relation to production in 2014 (33.2 million tons in 2015). In 2015, it was registered a level of use of 67.89 per cent from industries compared to 85 per cent considered as an indicator of good performance by the National Bank of Economic and Social Development (BNDES), percentage which decreased as consequence of the fall in internal consumption equivalent to 21 per cent (24 million). The brazilian steel industry uses blast furnace as a technology for obtaining pig iron. Currently, the blast furnace continues being the reactor which is considered the best option among the several technologies for obtaining pig iron due to the high production rate, high thermal performance, stability and operational safety as well as longevity of equipments. However, various improvements are being researched, being one of them the operational control of the reactor which aims to maintain its stability in order to prevent possible failures and reduce the energy consumptions to keep them competitive productivity on the international market. This work presents a model is unwrapped with the objective to generate the surface of minimum consumption of reductant (carbon) for the blast furnace ironmaking process. In developing the model the equilibrium conditions of the reduction, the mass and energy balances and the equations of major operational parameters, were considered. Its application to the blast furnaces is exemplified for real operational conditions, which were databases duly extracted from an integrated steelworks. It was also possible, from cutting plans on these surfaces, to obtain binary diagrams of RC-DR type (Reductant Consumption-Direct Reduction), able to be generated on-line with the process. Among the results, one could identify, confirm and predict through analysis of those real case studies, important thermodynamic unfeasibility of the furnace, which allowed to provide greater operational safety to the process. The excellent results obtained applying this model to regular and abnormal blast furnace operational conditions, led to conclude that their objectives were fully succeeded.
7
Monteiro, Goncalo. "The growth process under time non-separable preferences /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7384.
Full text
8
Cassinger, Cecilia. "Retailing retold unfolding the process of image construction in everyday practice /." Lund : Lund Business Press, Lund university, 2010. http://www.lu.se/o.o.i.s?id=12588&postid=1545962.
Full text
9
Tolar, Martin, of Western Sydney Macarthur University, and Faculty of Business and Technology. "Satisficing versus optimising behaviour in the non-durable consumption expenditure decision making process." THESIS_FBT_XXX_Tolar_M.xml, 1995. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/108.
Full textAbstract:
The new classical school's dominance of mainstream economic thought in recent years has brought with it the associated adoption of rational economic agents ( in the Muthian sense) by mainstream economists. This thesis challenges this underlying assumption of human behaviour in the context of the non-durable consumption expenditure decision making process. In doing so, our attention will be placed upon the weak or more general form of the hypothesis, which has come to be known as optimisation. We employ a behavioural methodology in an attempt to ascertain if individuals adhere to the optimising or satisficing model of human behaviour. In doing so time will be spent examining the bounded rationality hypothesis. We also employ a behavioural methodology in producing a non-durable consumption function that is econometrically comparable with an optimising model of non-durable consumption expenditure (namely the permanent income rational expectations hypothesis). The micro results produced in this thesis suggest that the respondents surveyed from non-durable consumption expenditure decisions that are sub-optimal in nature. The formation of these sub-tropical expenditure decisions appear to be a consequence of the cognitive constraints faced by our respondents, which in turn provides empirical support for the bounded rationality hypothesis. On a macro level, our behavioural consumption function generates results that are comparable with those produced by the optimising model employed in this thesis. Our results also question the rational expectations permanent income hypothesis (as it is usually applied), despite making adjustments to the model which remove the underlying assumption of known, constant real interest useMaster of Commerce (Hons)
10
Chillara, Naveen. "Abrasive Blasting Process Optimization: Enhancing Productivity, and Reducing Consumption and Solid/Hazardous Wastes." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2005. http://louisdl.louislibraries.org/u?/NOD,209.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--University of New Orleans, 2005.Title from electronic submission form. "A thesis ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Environmental Engineering"--Thesis t.p. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
11
Behrami, Erduan, and Vladimir Deric. "E-consumption : Website features' influence on the purchasing decision." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-15112.
Full textAbstract:
During the past two decades, as internet has spread across the world, bringing people and businesses closer, e-commerce has been on a rapid expansion. To be a part of the expanding market, businesses have put a lot of effort to understand consumer behavior online, and to adapt. E-commerce differs drastically from traditional stores in the way that consumers are able to browse commercial web shops in search for the desired product, without outside influence. To understand how customers behave when purchasing a product, the Dewey model, customer buying process, is used. This process consists of five steps, which are: need recognition, information retrieval, information evaluation, buying decision and evaluation. However, within e-commerce, the web shops are the only platform where the business have the opportunity to affect the customers, as there are no salespersons to affect customers’ decisions as in traditional stores. As the web shop is platform for communication within e-commerce, it increases the importance for businesses to understand how their visitors react to features on their web shops. Visual features of websites, such as color and layout, can be crucial when a potential customer makes a purchase. The purpose of this study is to see how several visual features affect the purchasing behavior throughout Dewey’s model, customer buying process.The findings and analysis shows that some features are valued higher from each other, some are dependent on each other, and some are being taken for granted. First impression, product information and purchase methods, are among the crucial moments throughout the buying process. Our test conducted shows that the different features have different impact throughout the buying process.
12
Liobikienė, Genovaitė. "Changes in consumption and its environmental impact in Lithuania in the context of eurointegration process." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130513_103747-50459.
Full textAbstract:
The most important objective of the ES cohesion policy is the convergence of lifestyle of new and old EU member states. The fast convergences of the EU countries determine not only the fast economic growth in the new members, but also the fast boost in consumption, which endanger the environment. Therefore in Lithuanian national strategy for sustainable development is stated the goal, that in the case of economy growth, the environmental impact should grow at least twice slower than production and consumption
The aim of the research - to analyze the convergence of socio-economic and environmental indicators in the EU, to estimate impact of socio-economic factors’ to consumption and to assess environmental impact of consumption and the determinants of environmentally friendly behaviour.
In the work were there complexly analyzed the convergence of the socio-economic and environmental indicators in the EU countries. There was evaluated, that Lithuania was catching-up the old EU member states by all investigated socio-economic indicators, however according to emission of acidifying compounds it even exceeded the level of EU15. The fast increase of disposable income determined the changes in Lithuanian consumption structure, when the consumption expenditure for luxury goods grew very fast and it slowed down the growth in environmental impact of increasing consumption. The environmental impact of consumption (except transport) increased considerably slower than consumption or it... [to full text]Pagrindinis vykdomos ES sanglaudos politikos tikslas - skirtumų tarp senųjų ir naujųjų narių gyvenimo lygio mažinimas. Sparti ES šalių konvergencija lėmė ne tik naujųjų ES narių spartesnį ekonomikos augimą, bet ir spartų vartojimo didėjimą, kuris kelia didelę grėsmę aplinkos kokybei. Todėl Lietuvos nacionalinėje darnaus vystymosi strategijoje yra suformuluotas bendras strateginis uždavinys, kad augant ekonomikai, poveikis aplinkai turi augti bent perpus lėčiau nei gamyba ir vartojimas. Darbo tikslas - išanalizuoti ES šalių socio-ekonominių ir aplinkosauginių rodiklių konvergencijos procesus, nustatyti Lietuvos socio-ekonominių veiksnių įtaką vartojimui ir įvertinti vartojimo pokyčių poveikį aplinkai bei gyventojų elgsenos palankumą aplinkai lemiančius veiksnius. Darbe kompleksiškai išanalizuoti ES šalių socio-ekonominių bei aplinkosauginių rodiklių konvergencijos procesai. Nustatyta, kad Lietuva pagal visus socio-ekonominius rodiklius artėjo ES senbuvių link, tačiau pagal rūgštinančių medžiagų emisijas net viršijo jų lygį. Spartus išlaidų augimas lėmė esminius vartojimo struktūros pokyčius, kai išlaidos prabangos prekėms augo itin sparčiai ir tai sumažino išaugusio vartojimo poveikį aplinkai. Tiesioginis vartojimo poveikis aplinkai augo žymiai lėčiau (išskyrus transporto taršą) nei vartojimas arba išvis neaugo. Žmonių elgsenos palankumą aplinkai lemia jų bendrųjų vertybių pripažinimas, pagrindinių aplinkos problemų svarbos vertinimas bei pasiryžimas prisiimti atsakomybę už... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
13
Alasmari, Khalid R. "Novel methods for Reduced Energy and Time Consumption for Mobile Devices using Markov Decision Process." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1587906971444328.
Full text
14
Murniadi, Krishnamurti Murniadi. "Curbing Excessive Pornography Consumption Using Traditional, Relationship, and Religious Identity-Based Extended Parallel Process Model Messages." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent153295926543633.
Full text
15
Libardi, Guilherme Barbacovi. "Como elas fazem e ouvem Funk em Porto Alegre : estratégias de autopromoção midiática e práticas de consumo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/153397.
Full textAbstract:
Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender as estratégias de produção de funk e seu consumo por jovens mulheres de classe popular da cidade de Porto Alegre. Para isso, nos aproximamos da perspectiva dos Estudos Culturais britânicos e latino-americanos, sobretudo a partir do pensamento de Martín-Barbero, bem como tensionamos nossas discussões a partir das teorias sobre cena musical, classe, gênero e geração. Nos filiamos à metodologia qualitativa de pesquisa, realizando entrevistas, observações em bailes funk, pesquisa documental e pesquisa bibliográfica. Como unidade de estudo, contemplamos cinco MCs, três produtores e oito consumidoras de funk (funkeiras) da cidade de Porto Alegre. A fim de apresentar o contexto da cena funk, realizamos uma retomada histórica da cena no Brasil e especificamente em Porto Alegre, bem como traçamos o panorama midiático da cena na mídia massiva entre 2000 e 2015. Em relação aos resultados, identificamos que as estratégias de produção são materializadas através da construção de uma autopromoção midiática no rádio e no ambiente online através de postagens nas redes sociais digitais. Estas postagens podem se relacionar a uma clara estratégia de autopromoção, bem como podem dizer respeito a ocasiões descoladas da cena funk, retratando momentos aleatórios de seu cotidiano. No que diz respeito ao consumo, é visto que as práticas navegam entre dois meios: rádio e internet. Porém os usos efetivados nas plataformas digitais favorecem uma ampla gama de oportunidades para o consumo, contribuindo para a ocorrência de múltiplas lógicas de usos em relação ao consumo de funk. Tanto na produção, quanto no consumo, as relações de gênero ganham ênfase por um posicionamento de inspiração feminista por parte das informantes, ainda que a adesão ao movimento político seja algo evitado ou repreendido por algumas delas.This research aims to comprehend the strategies of production of funk music and its consumption by young women from Porto Alegre’s popular class. In order to reach such aim, we have approached the British and Latin-American Cultural Studies perspective, mostly through Martin-Barbero’s thought, and our discussions were also based on the theories about music scene, class, gender and generation. We made use of the qualitative methodology research through interviews, observations on baile funk, documental research and bibliographic research. As a study unit, we take into consideration five MCs, three producers and funk music eight consumers (also known in Brazil as funkeiras). In order to present the context of the funk scene, we have traced a historical outline of the scene in Brazil and specifically in Porto Alegre, as well as we have delineated a media overview of the scene on the mass media between 2000 and 2015. Regarding the results, we identify that the strategies of production are materialized through the building of a media self-promotion on the radio and on the online environment through posts on social networks. These posts can relate to a clear self-promotion strategy, as well as they can be about situations unrelated to the funk scene, portraying random moments of their everyday life. On the subject of consumption, it can be seen that the practices navigate between two medias: radio and internet. However, the uses performed on digital platforms favour a wide range of opportunities to the consumption, contributing to the occurrence of multiple logics of use in relation to the consumption of funk. In both production and consumption, the relations of gender are emphasized through a positioning of feminist inspiration, although the adhesion to the political movement is something avoided or reproached by some of them.
16
Lamory, Noémie, and Camille Laporte. "The impact of culture on the food consumption process : The case of Sweden from a French perspective." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-122873.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to examine the extent of which culture influences the food consumption process. More specifically, our research will focus on the consumption process of Swedish consumers, as well as their motivations when buying food products. The overall objective of our research is to analyse the extent of applicability the Swedish model of consumption might possibly have in a country like France with a strong food culture. To conduct our research, a qualitative method was used along with an interpretivist approach. This was in accordance with the overall aim to highlight social and cultural facts by analysing consumer behaviour. Based on the theoretical framework studied in the report, ten in-depth interviews were conducted on Swedish and French students. The findings include good insights and advice that retailers and suppliers in the food industry could use to improve the grocery shopping experience and make it a better fit to the consumers’ expectations. Some limitations could be observed in our research, mainly due to the language barrier, concerning both the research material and the interviews. The results were also influenced by the location of the study and the past experience of the respondents. Further research can be recommended to investigate the effect of food and culture on larger cities and in different locations. Doing so, the findings could give a more representative overview of the food consumption process. The study could also be expanded on different market niches with different age groups allowing comparisons from different generations. Another idea would be to target consumers with varying levels of incomes, in order to see to what extent income influences the food consumption process.
17
Yan, Min, and Qiuyun Li. "Consumer behavior in coffee drinking : Comparison between Chinese and Swedish university students." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Företagsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-22279.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study is to analyze factors that affecting consumers to drink coffee, based on two case studies in University of Gävle in Sweden and Zhuhai College of Jilin University in China.The study was conducted with mixed research methods. A questionnaire survey was designed as a pre-study to get a general idea and the interviews were designed based on the result of survey in order to gain more detailed information and explanations from the respondents. All the data are shown by tables or diagrams or histograms. University students in two different culture participated in survey and interviews, a comparison perspective for cross culture was mentioned in this study. As for Result & Conclusions, both external factors (culture, price and people around) as well as internal factors (personality, psychological influence, learning and knowledge) impact the consumer‟s behaviors that are shown in different consumption characteristics. Take all in account, these factors could have an effect on university students to drink (or not drink) coffee in Jilin University and University of Gävle. And Contribution & implication, the comparison of coffee drink between Chinese culture and Swedish culture is the most attractive contributions, supplementing the related study. Price issue was considered as the important factor that affecting the consumer to choose coffee, thus suggesting the managers to focus on the coffee price. In addition, the effective way to explore coffee market in China or Sweden is to know better of the consumers. Suggestions for future research, other consumer groups are missing given the study only focus on the university students. Also tested with more sample sizes of survey andIIinterviews are recommended in the future research so as to make it even valid and reliable.
18
Boonsener, Prach, and Thazali Siti Nur Shahizah Mohd. "Furniture Consumption in Thailand : A Kano model study of IKEA with implications for the strategy making process." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-7727.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is a study of Thai consumer behavior that affects the purchasing and servicing in the furniture retail industry. A market survey was conducted in Thailand to support this study. The target group of this study is people residing in Bangkok aged 25 year old and above. In order to find a suitable strategy for the new IKEA in Thailand, the data gathered was analyzed and discussed by applying the type of Kano’s model with IKEA’s strategies. It was also analyzed in terms of conceptual level between Kano’s model and research strategy. The study reveals that consumer behavior and characteristics of consumer requirements in Thailand are different from others counties. IKEA has to adapt suitable strategies that are consistent with Thai consumer behavior to achieve consumer satisfaction. This thesis also discussed that Kano model can inform strategy making process in term of quality and customer satisfaction as the results from Kano model quantitative analysis provide understanding of customer requirements and their attributes.
19
Zhang, Xinyu, and Stacy Besong Enow Egbe. "Sustainable Consumption in Food Industry: In what stages do consumers implement sustainability in their decision making process?" Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-47137.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines the concept of sustainable development and sustainable consumption in the food industry and how consumers relate with the idea of organic food produce and their alternatives. The research was developed by using the Consumer Decision Making model and the Norm Activation Model to be able to understand what motivates consumers in their buying choices and why. These models break down the steps a consumer goes through before making a purchase and the emotional evaluation that occurs after that decision is made. With a total of 70 responses from a structured survey sent out, the results indicated that consumers are conscious about sustainable products, are aware of the environmental and social impact but 30.6% of consumers have never looked out for sustainable products.
20
Kuchmaner, Christina A. "ARE YOU FOR REAL? THE CONSUMPTION-DRIVEN SELF-AUTHENTICATION PROCESS AND ITS EFFECTS ON PERCEIVED BRAND AUTHENTICITY." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1584978108171991.
Full text
21
Huynh, Mai Thi Xuan. "Factors affecting the decision process of catfish consumers : an empirical study in the two biggest cities in Vietnam /." Tromsø : Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Universitetet i Tromsø, 2007. http://www.ub.uit.no/munin/bitstream/10037/1002/3/thesis.pdf.
Full text
22
Highfield, Crysta Lynn. "Sustainable Pavement Construction: Developing a methodology for integrating environmental impact into the decision making process." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32604.
Full textAbstract:
Sustainability and specifically environmental stewardship are emerging as prominent issues in engineering decision-making. Despite this, the United States has neither a national policy on sustainability, nor a national sustainable transportation strategy. In many cases this has resulted in state DOTs basing their environmental practices on requirements set out previously by EPA regulations with little or no additional consideration of environmental effects.
A survey conducted as part of this thesis revealed that environmental stewardship is not considered part of current DOT pavement management engineersâ job responsibilities, despite having duties such as pavement design and maintenance which can greatly affect the environmental impact of a project. Initial cost and engineering judgment were the most widely considered in decision-making, with LCCA also being considered at least some of the time by most respondents. Environmental impacts, on the other hand, are not often integrated into formal decision making and are more likely to be considered as a â tie breakerâ when alternatives have similar costs.
The literature review also covered two distinct types of environmental decision support tools: Environmental Rating Tools and Environmental Impact Calculators. Rating Tools gather predominantly environmental impact information in order to award a score to a project. Environmental Calculators are software tools that use material or equipment inputs to estimate the amount of pollutants produced by a project. While a variety of environmental impact tools are currently available they suffer from drawbacks such as incomplete or unclearly defined LCA boundaries, consideration of only one environmental impact, subjectivity, lack of transparency, out-of-date databases, and an inability to perform probabilistic calculations. CO2e was the only environmental factor considered by nearly all Environmental Calculators reviewed as part of this thesis and was a major focus of the Rating Tools.
The thesis proposes the framework for a tool that addresses some of the limitations of available tools and aids decision-makers in incorporating environmental factors into roadway decision-making. The proposed tool would address many of the limitations of previous environmental impact calculators and could be implemented without the need for extensive additional research. The tool would calculate emissions due to material extraction and production, emissions due to construction activities, resource consumptions, and emissions due to work zone delays. Emissions due to work zone delays are not considered by any other currently available tool. The tool would also perform probabilistic calculations and have a database which could be added to and updated by users. Additional products developed as part of this thesis are a review of currently available environmental impact tools and a Microsoft Excel workbook used to demonstrate the intended usage of the tool.
It is concluded that the development of such a tool is necessary and feasible. The proposed tool would address limitations of available tools by considering more than one environmental impact, including the previously neglected impact of emissions due to work zone related delay, pairing a user-friendly interface with an editable database, and supporting probabilistic calculations. Recommended future research includes surveying state DOT engineers to determine the barriers delaying implementation of currently available environmental impacts tools. Further benefits could be realized by programming the proposed tool and building a database that reflects the materials, mixes, and construction activities available to a specific locality.Master of Science
23
CAMPOS, VANESSA PATRICIA MONTEIRO. "TO WANT, TO CAN AND TO GET THE PROCESS OF THE SOCIALIZATION FOR THE CONSUMPTION: THE XUXA S CASE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2006. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=8905@1.
Full textAbstract:
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIORA dissertação pretende analisar a relação entre a celebridade estrela - personagem fundamental dos meios de comunicação de massa - e o consumo - entendido como fenômeno da midiatização da sociedade contemporânea. Neste sentido, o trabalho se baseará em narrativas jornalísticas das revistas Amiga e Contigo, publicadas entre 1986 e 1992, sobre Maria da Graça Xuxa Meneghel, uma das mais famosas apresentadoras da televisão do Brasil. A partir de textos editados, correlatos à época de exibição do programa Xou da Xuxa na Rede Globo, exploramos como os discursos sobre as práticas de consumo da apresentadora a transformaram num vetor para a aquisição de bens, produtos e serviços, por toda uma geração de crianças brasileiras.
The dissertation intends to analyze the relation between the star celebrity - fundamental character of the mass media - and the consumption - understood as a phenomenon of the mediatization of the contemporary society. In this sense, the work will be based on journalistic narratives of the magazines Amiga and Contigo, published between 1986 and 1992, about Maria da Graça Xuxa Meneghel, one of the most famous entertainers of the television in Brazil. From edited texts, published during the time of exhibition of the show Xou da Xuxa in the Globo Network, we explore how the speeches about the practices of consumption of the entertainer had transformed her into a vector for the acquisition of goods, products and services, for a generation of Brazilian children.
24
Liao, Yin. "Designing an efficient Collection process for Discarded furniture." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-66828.
Full textAbstract:
The furniture industry is a thriving industry in the past decades all over the world. The increase in production and sales of furniture products means that more raw materials are needed and more furniture waste is produced at the same time. Taking into account the unsolved environmental issues, it is necessary to make innovation changes to reduce the waste and overcome the continuously increasing resource consumption. Circular economy draws a wide attention under this situation. As an alternative to replace the traditional linear consumption model, it balances the economic development and environmental concern. Turning waste into a new resource is a profitable opportunity for the furniture industry. However, product recovery in this industry meets obstacles due to the character of the furniture.This study considers discarded bulky furniture products. It focuses on the first step of furniture waste recovery: the collection process. The aim of this research is improving the efficiency of a “many to one” collection process in a reverse logistics system and increasing the recovery level within the hierarchy of options for discarded furniture. By using the soft system methodology, this study explores the current discarded furniture collection situation within Europe and then analyzes each essential element of this collection system. After that, combining with the relevant circular economy theory and information gathered from a case furniture company, we design a new conceptual business process model for discarded furniture collection.In the newly designed model, the collection process is carried out by the individual transport option with sufficient capacity from customer’s home to the furniture store. The new model is based on a collaborative lifestyle information platform. By managing the real-time information, the platform aligns individuals’ transport resources with discarded furniture demand to reduce the transport cost of the collection process. This model aims for optimal use of the available individual resources to complement the transport process. Moreover, this information platform helps to collect information in the early stage to reduce the uncertainty of reverse logistics.
25
Rosander, Nyberg Kristina. "Lågenergihus : projektvägledning vid byggande av småhus." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Technology and Built Environment, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-5537.
Full textAbstract:
Miljö och energianvändning blir ett mer aktuellt ämne. 40 % av landets totala energianvändning går idag till bostäder.[1] Om elpriserna stiger under den närmsta tiden kommer det med stor säkerhet leda till att människor blir mer kostnadsmedvetna och gärna hittar sätt för att minska sina energikostnader. Som ett led i detta har hustillverkare tagit fram ett energisnålt alternativ till det vanliga huset. Det benämns lågenergihus och använder mindre energi än de hus som är vanliga på marknaden idag. Det här är möjligt genom att lågenergihus byggs på ett annorlunda vis jämfört med ett ordinärt hus. Bland annat används mer isolering och bättre fönster och dörrar. Dessutom är täthet ett viktigt begrepp för att minska värmeförlusterna. Rapporten syftar till att redogöra för vad som karaktäriserar lågenergihus och ge vägledning vid byggande av dessa. Vidare ska rapporten ge svar på frågorna, vilka är problemen och vilka är fördelarna med lågenergihus? Hur ser byggprocessen ut och vad är viktigt att tänka på i de olika skedena i processen? samt, är det ekonomiskt rimligt att bygga lågenergihus? För att få svar på dessa frågor har jag använt mig av litteratur, intervjuer samt informationssökning på nätet, dessutom har jag använt mig av de kunskaper som införskaffats under studietiden. I rapporten har jag valt att endast behandla energianvändning då miljöfrågan är alltför omfattande. Vidare ger rapporten en introduktion till vad som är utmärkande för lågenergihus rent byggnadstekniskt och lotsar läsaren genom byggprocessens olika skeden samt vilka aktörer som är inblandade och vilka deras respektive ansvarsområden är. Dessutom pekar rapporten ut vad som är viktigt för dig som byggherre att tänka på under de olika skedena i byggprocessen i form av planering, utformning, konstruktion, installationer, utgifter, försäkringar, kontroller och avtal, vare sig du väljer att uppföra byggnaden i egen regi eller anlita en entreprenör.
Rapporten ger exempel på lösningar gällande konstruktion, installationer och värmesystem som är lämpliga i ett lågenergihus. Dessutom görs en energiberäkning på ett lågenergihus ritat av författaren till rapporten. Beräkningen ger huset en energianvändning på 56 kWh/m2, år, vilket är ca hälften av vad lagar och föreskrifter anger som maximalt värde ett hus får ha. Idéer och tankar som legat till grund för huset beskrivs. Då detta hus ritats har även andra idéer implementerats som inte är specifika för lågenergihus, utan syftar till att huset ska ha en beredskap vid tillexempel elavbrott. I slutet av rapporten ges även tips på hur du som husägare ytterligare kan spara energi och bidra till en hållbar utveckling.
[1]Gross, Holger (2008). Energismarta småhus: vägledning och råd till byggherrar, arkitekter och ingenjörer. Stockholm: Gross produktion i samarbete med Villaägarnas riksförbund
The environment and the use of energy is becoming a more present subject. Today the real estate industry accounts for more than 40% of Sweden’s total energy consumption.[1]As energy prices rise, energy-saving in buildings is becoming increasingly important to homeowners. As result of this, house manufacturers have created a new type of energy-saving house called low-energy house. This house has a different construction in comparison to an ordinary house. The theses aims to give guidance when building a low-energy house and answer the following questions, what are the problems and what are the benefits, which are the different phases of the building process, what issues are important to consider in these phases and is it economically realistic to build a low-energy house. To be able to answer these questions I have collected material from litterateur, interviews, and web searching. In addition I also have used the knowledge I have obtained during my period of studies. The thesis only concern the energy consumption as the environmental part of it is too substantial. In addition the thesis gives a presentation of the building process, who are involved and what are their field of responsibility. Furthermore it points out what you as a future owner of a house/building proprietor should be attentive to during the building process so that no mistakes are made that causes the end results not turning out as expected. Different laws, rules, contracts, norms and authorities that occurs in the building process, are accounted for and explained in the thesis in such a way that is easy to grasp for those not familiar to the subject.
The report gives advice and example of solutions in terms of construction and installations e.g. heating distribution system that are appropriate in a low-energy house.
The thesis includes a calculation of the energy use of a low-energy house, which shows that the house uses about 56 kWh/m2, year. In comparison, this is about half the maximum limit decided by the Swedish constitution BBR.
A suggestion for a low-energy house is displayed in the paper, it is the same housed used for the calculation of energy use. Ideas and thoughts regarding the house are described. This suggestion also implements a few ideas’ that perhaps contributes additionally to energy-savings and a sustainable environment.
[1] Gross, Holger (2008). Energismarta småhus: vägledning och råd till byggherrar, arkitekter och ingenjörer. Stockholm: Gross produktion i samarbete med Villaägarnas riksförbund
26
Chertkovskaya, Ekaterina. "Consuming work and managing employability : students' work orientations and the process of contemporary job search." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13573.
Full textAbstract:
Unemployment and precarity have become key features of 21st century work. Employability is presented as a solution to these issues. Individuals are exhorted to manage their employability, in order to be able to exercise choice in the labour market. While employability is individuals' responsibility, governments, employers and educational bodies simply provide opportunities for its development. Higher education is a key site for this process, as employability rhetoric increasingly informs policy and practice. It is founded on rhetoric that emphasises flexibility, skills and marketability, shaping students in certain ways with the risk of being deemed unemployable as the consequence of disengagement. At the same time, there has been a rise in employer presence on university campuses. Recruitment is no longer its key feature. Traditional 'milkround' recruitment has been replaced by year round marketing campaigns. As a result, students are continually exposed to a selection of employers promoting a specific image of work and work orientations. The theoretical framework of this study is informed by works of Antonio Gramsci and Mikhail Bakhtin. Gramsci's notion of 'common sense?' is central to analysing the rhetoric on work and employability present on campus. I also give voice to students by recounting how they as 'dialogical selves' engage with such 'common sense'. These issues are explored through an analysis of data gathered during seventeen months of fieldwork. This includes longitudinal interviews with students, participant observation, documents, interviews with careers advisors and non-participant observation of career consultations. From this, I argue that there was a strongly normative image of work constructed around an orientation I term 'consumption of work'. This image was closely associated with consumption opportunities, marketed to students through corporate presence on campus. 'Consumption of work' was central to shaping students' work orientations and only few of them resisted the 'common sense'. Those who made 'alternative' choices articulated doubt about these, with the challenge to employability as a key reason for it. Employability was presented to students as a lifelong project of the self, where constant acquisition, development and selling of skills were necessary to maintain a position in the labour market. Many students embraced the rhetoric of skill 'possession', but were 'playing the game' when 'demonstrating' skills. Conforming to what the employers were willing them to 'demonstrate' and understanding how to do this became the primary condition for achieving employability.
27
Suchá, Jana. "Faktory ovlivňující spotřební chování obyvatelstva a případné interakce mezi nimi." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199050.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis analyzes the effects of various factors on consumer behavior of the population and their subsequent manifestations in consumer purchase decision-making process. The first part describes general concepts of consumer behavior and then it is followed by an analyse of cultural, sociological, psychological and ecnomic effects. Each chapter also specifficaly describes how these factors may affect consumers themselves. The theoretical section is folowed by the practical part, in which could be, because of adequate theoretical knowledge, specified eight hypotheses. In order to need collecting necessery data was completed a questionnaire. Its first part analyzes specific kind of consumer behavior manifestations, the second one analyzes the factors that influence the loan amount, which I chose as one of the consumer behavior manifestations. Three hypotheses were not confirmed, remaining five hypotheses were confirmed. With using the regression analysis there was shown that the factors which influence the loan amount the most are the wage amount, the purpose of the loan, marital status and age.
28
Nuttall, Peter John. "Exploring the consumption and use of popular music as a means of expressing an adolescent's identity during the socialisation process." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431306.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction Understanding the way in which Inusic is chosen and used by adolescents to express identity is explored in this thesis. Given the increasing diversity of familial structures, the social backdrop and environment in which teenagers are raised is also considered to be salient. The record industry continues to consider 'youth' as a homogenous target audience, differentiating only between male and females and grouping theln by age (15-24 years). This does not account for the rise in early teenage consUlnption nor does it facilitate an understanding of Inusic use and consumption. This study explores the 'journey' of adolescence and the role of music, family and friends in this process. 36 teenagers were recruited to ascertain the views and experiences of adolescents and the role Inusic plays in identity expression. Methodology Initial interviews were held with 12 teenagers ranging in age frOln 12-to-17 years. Follow-up, longitudinal interviews were then conducted six months to a year later with the satne respondents. Ten of these respondents were then 'recruited' to become 'experts' and interviewed a close friend, a member of their friendship group and one of their parents. The in-depth interviews conducted by the author explored the role of Inusic in identity expression considering if and how this role would change over tilne. This was to understand the influence of friends and the role of fatnily Inembers in identity fonnation during this period of socialisation. A more ethnographic approach was then en1ployed as 10 teenagers became 'researchers', designing their own interviews and independently conducting and recording their 'own' research. This gave credibility and validity to the initial research findings and provided a dilnension to the research that the author would be unable to obtain on his own Inerit. Findings Although there were issues on which the adolescents agreed unanilnously, many expressions of identity through Inusic and associated semiotic cOlnlnunication were viewed differently by males and females and those raised in a variety of fatnily environments. The findings also illustrated that the use of and dependence on music varied between teenagers raised in intact, blended and single parent fatnilies and that this was relevant for understanding music consUlnption as well as providing a foundation for Inore targeted communication approaches. The teenage experts who conducted their 'own' research also 'interpreted' their own data which contributed to an understanding of the difference between the 'close friend' and Inelnber of a friendship group. Contribution Using the infonnation from this research, key characteristics associated with -adolescent Inusic consumption provided a basis for profiling teenage music conSUlners. These segments included adolescents who were' extreme' or 'chameleon' like in their behaviour ancithose who were more' experiential '. By exploring identity expression, Inusic consUlnption and the social context in which the adolescents were raised, this research has implications for the way in which research is conducted by, for and with adolescents and for the music industry and their approach to understanding the teenage market and the future consumption of music itself
29
Musee, Ndeke. "An integrated approach to waste and energy minimization in the wine industry : a knowledge-based decision methodology." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16067.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The importance of waste management is growing rapidly for several reasons. These reasons include the escalating cost of wastewater treatment and cleaning chemicals, an emerging trend of onerous regulatory regime regarding e uent disposal from governments, rising public awareness on the adverse e ects of industrial waste as well as drastic reduc- tion in water resources in the winegrowing regions. In addition, owing to the large energy demand for refrigeration purposes for high quality wine production and rapidly increasing energy costs, the challenges of energy management in the wine industry were also inves- tigated. In order to address these challenges adequately, the solutions were derived via the integration of two disciplines: environmental science (waste and energy management) and computer science (applications of arti cial intelligence). Therefore, the ndings re- ported from this study seek to advance knowledge through the construction of decision support systems for waste and energy management in circumstances where conventional mathematical formalisms are inadequate. In that sense, the dissertation constitutes in- terdisciplinary research on the application of integrated arti cial intelligence technologies (expert systems and fuzzy logic) in designing and developing decision tools for waste and energy management in the wine industry. The dissertation rst presents the domain of interest, where the scope and breadth of the problems it addresses are clearly de ned. Critical examination of the domain data- bases revealed that data, information, and knowledge for waste and energy management in the wine industry are generally incomplete and lack structure overall. Owing to these characteristics, a hybrid system approach was proposed for the development of decision support systems based on fuzzy logic. The integrated decision support systems were de- veloped based on an object-oriented architecture. This approach facilitated the exible design required for waste and energy management-related complex problem-solving. To illustrate the applicability of the o -line decision tools developed, several case stud- ies mirroring on actual industrial practices were considered. These systems were found to be robust and yielded results that were in accordance with actual industrial practices inthe wine industry. Furthermore, they provided intelligent suggestions in scenarios where there was minimal information, and under certain instances they o ered feasible sugges- tions in circumstances where a human novice could have problems in making the right decisions.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die belangrikheid van afvalbestuur neem om verskeie redes vinnig toe. Die redes sluit in die eskalerende koste van afvalwaterbehandeling en skoonmaakmiddels, streng regula- toriese vereistes van regeringskant met betrekking tot die verwydering van uitvloeisels, toenemende openbare bewustheid van die nadelinge e ekte van nywerheidsafval, sowel as die drastiese afname in waterbronne in wynproduserende omgewings. Daarby, a.g.v. die groot energieverbruik wat deur die verkoeling van hokwaliteitwyn vereis word en die snelgroeiende energiekoste, is die uitdagings van energiebestuur in die wynbedryf ook on- dersoek. Ten einde die uitdagings die hoof te kon bied, is oplossings gevind deur die integrasie van twee disciplines: omgewingswetenskap (afval- en energiebestuur) en rekenaarweten- skap (toepassings van kunsmatige intelligensie). Gevolglik is daar deur die bevindinge van die studie gepoog om kennis te bevorder deur die konstruksie van besluitnemingson- dersteuningstelsels vir afval- en energiebestuur onder omstandighede waar konvensionele wiskundige algoritmes ontoereikend sou wees. In die opsig verteenwoordig die proefskrif interdissiplinre navorsing in die toepassing van gentegreerde kunsmatige intelligensieteg- nologie (kundige stelsels en wasige logika) in die ontwerp en ontwikkeling van besluitne- mingshulpmiddels vir afval- en energiebestuur in die wynindustrie. Die proefskrif baken eers die probleemgebied af, waarna die bestek en omvang van die probleme waarop die werk gemik is duidelik gede nieer word. Kritiese ondersoek van die databasisse in die domein het getoon dat die data, informasie en kennis oor afval- en energiebestuur in die wynbedryf in die algemeen onvolledig en gebrekkig gestruktureer is. A.g.v. di eienskappe, is 'n hibriede stelselbeandering voorgestel vir die ontwikkeling van besluitnemingstelsels gegrond op wasige logika. Die gentegreerde besluitnemingsonders- teuningstelsels is ontwikkel op 'n objek-georinteerde argitektuur. Die benadering het die daarstelling van 'n buigsame ontwerp wat benodig word vir komplekse probleemoplossing in afval- en energiebestuur vergemaklik. Om die toepaslikheid van die a ynige besluitnemingshulpmiddels wat ontwerp is, te illustreer, is verskeie gevallestudies wat werklike industrile praktyk uitbeeld beskou. Diestelsels was robuust en het resultate gelewer wat in ooreenstemming was met werklike industrile praktyke in die wynnywerheid. Die kundige stelsels het verder intelligente voorstelle gemaak in scenarios waar daar minimale informasie beskikbaar was, en onder sekere omstandighede het hulle realistiese oplossings voorgestel waar 'n onkundige persoon probleme sou gehad he tom die regte besluite te kon neem.
30
Hau, Jorge L. "Toward environmentally conscious process systems engineering via joint thermodynamic accounting of industrial and ecological systems." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1117650243.
Full text
31
Adane, Tigist Fetene. "Mapping Energy Usage in Casting Process for Cylinder Head Production : Using System Dynamic Modeling and Simulation." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-122459.
Full textAbstract:
Daily life of our societies is strongly linked with the usage of natural resources. However, the vital resources of our planet especially energy is a limited resource. The energy consumption in the manufacturing industry is increasing and becoming noticeable; moreover it is being consumed in ways that can’t be sustained. There is great concern about minimizing the consumption of energy usage in the manufacturing industry and sustaining the natural carrying capacity of the ecosystem as well. This is one of the important challenges in today’s industrial world. This research work looks into one of the energy intensive manufacturing processes i.e. the casting process in automotive industry. Here the casting process for cylinder head manufacturing at one of the manufacturing plant in Europe is studied for identifying the most energy intensive steps namely melting, holding and pouring. Parameters that influence these steps and the relationships for energy consumption and dissipation have also been identified through extensive literature survey. By applying system dynamics modeling and simulation approach the interaction between each parameter in the overall process is analyzed in regard to energy consumption. By varying values of the parameters that have the highest impact in the process, the breakthrough opportunities that might dramatically reduce energy consumption during melting and holding have been explored, and potentially energy-saving areas based on the findings have also been identified. The output from this research work enables the company to identify potential avenues to optimize energy usage in the production and hence sustain its manufacturing.
32
Devata, Naveen Kumar. "Indicators for Minimizing Energy Consumption and GHG Emissions at Wastewater Treatment Facilities." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2010. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1208.
Full textAbstract:
Wastewater treatment facilities around the world use significant amount of energy which contributes to large quantities of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. According to the U.S.EPA, nearly 3% of the USA's energy is used to treat wastewater. This consumption is increasing at faster rates with increase in population and regulations. Wastewater facilities use large number of pumps in their transfer stations, treatment plants, and effluent pump stations. All these pumps consume considerable amounts of energy. This study presents a preliminary energy inspection of two facilities from Louisiana. This audit provides an inventory of the energy consumed for various activities like pumping, treatment, and discharge. This analysis helps the operators to identify the potential power consuming areas and optimize by adopting several energy conservation measures (ECMs). This study also involves the quantification of GHG emissions based on the energy consumption. The benefits of the study include minimizing energy and GHG emission.
33
Arora, Yukti. "Lithium-ion battery systems: a process flow and systems framework designed for use in the development of life cycle energy model." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53491.
Full textAbstract:
The use of Lithium-ion batteries in the automotive industry has increased tremendously in the last few years. The anticipated increase in demand of lithium to power electric and hybrid cars has prompted researchers to examine the long term sustainability lithium as a transportation resource. To provide a better understanding of future availability, this thesis presents a systems framework for the key processes and materials and energy flows involved in the electric vehicle lithium-ion battery life cycle, on a global scale. This framework tracks the flow of lithium and energy inputs and outputs from extraction, to production, to on road use, and all the way to end of life recycling and disposal. This process flow model is the first step in developing a life cycle analysis model for lithium that will eventually help policymakers assess the future role of lithium battery recycling, and at what point in time establishing a recycling infrastructure becomes imminent.
34
Sapp, James Christopher. "Electricity Demand Forecasting in a Changing Regional Context: The Application of the Multiple Perspective Concept to the Prediction Process." PDXScholar, 1987. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/574.
Full textAbstract:
In 1982, the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), a marketer of hydroelectric power in the Pacific Northwest, found itself in a new role which required it to acquire power resources needed to meet the demands of the region's utilities. In particular, it had to deal with the Washington Public Power Supply System's nuclear plant cost escalations. In response, BPA prepared its first independent regional power forecast. The forecast development process was intricate and multidimensional and involved a variety of interested parties. Application of the Multiple Perspective Concept uncovers strengths and weaknesses in this process by illuminating its technical, organizational and personal dimensions. Examination of the forecast from the technical perspective revealed an elaborate set of interlinked models used to develop baseline, high, and low forecasts. The organizational perspective revealed BPA to be in a transitional stage. Internally, ratemaking, forecasting, conservation, resource acquisition, and financial management swelled as new organizational functions. Interorganizationally, environmentalists, ratepayer groups, and the region's utilities all had strong interests in the decision regarding WPPSS plants. The personal perspective revealed that each of the Administrators heading BPA since the early 1980s defined the agency's approach to the resource planning problem differently, first as an engineering problem, then as a political problem, and, finally, as a business problem. Taken together, the Multiple Perspectives yielded the following conclusions about BPA's 1982 forecast. (1) BPA's range forecast constituted a major improvement over the point forecasts preceding it, but left important classes of uncertainty unexplored. (2) BPA's models were better suited to address rate and conservation issues important at the time of the 1982 forecast than their predecessors. The model of the national economy, however, remained a black box, potentially significant feedbacks were not represented, and the sheer size of the modeling system placed practical limits on its use. (3) A stronger method of dealing with forecast uncertainty is needed which utilizes a disaster-avoidance strategy and plans for high impact/low probability events. This method need not involve the use of large models, but should incorporate qualitative insights from persons normally outside the technical sphere.
35
Ferreira, Carlos Eduardo Martins. "Performativity and pluralities of biodiversity offsetting experiments : towards a synthesis of economy as instituted process and economy as performativity." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/performativity-and-pluralities-of-biodiversity-offsetting-experiments-towards-a-synthesis-of-economy-as-instituted-process-and-economy-asperformativity(420f27c6-55a4-480d-813f-f58c1d1f11e7).html.
Full textAbstract:
Development and land use change diminish the quantity of natural habitat, impacting negatively on the number of animal and plant species – biodiversity. Concern about the consequences of these losses has led to calls for mechanisms which allow development to proceed only when no net loss of biodiversity can be assured, such as biodiversity offsets. Markets for biodiversity offsets are being tried as mechanisms for achieving this societal objective in the most efficient manner possible. Theoretically, this thesis develops a framework connecting the Polanyi-inspired notion of the economy as an instituted process, and concepts developed by Callon and colleagues in the Social Studies of Finance literature. This framework is used to analyse the emergence, development and expansion of markets for biodiversity offsets. Using qualitative methodologies, the research examines in detail three existent biodiversity offset markets: Species Banking (United States), Impact Mitigation Regulations (Germany) and Biodiversity Offsets (England). The emergence of markets for biodiversity offsets is shown to be the result of performativity of economics. Changing representations of biodiversity, anchored on economic sciences, lead to policies which create economic experiments, such as markets for biodiversity offsets. Because these markets are historical and geographically contingent, the economic experiments emerge in the context of preexisting regulations and traditions, resulting in variety of forms of organising biodiversityoffset markets. To bring biodiversity to the market involves measuring and quantifying externalities. This requires the creation and development of market agencements – assemblages of agents and market devices – to commodify biodiversity. These agencements constitute the technical infrastructures upon which the markets are built, but they too are contingent of pre-market practice. This creates tensions between the role of agents and the role of devices inside the market infrastructure. Biodiversity offsets are shown to not maintain their commodity status beyond certain geographical and geopolitical boundaries. The result is the creation of mutually exclusive market nodes, between which no trade takes place. Despite common origins and infrastructures, the local markets do not exchange between themselves. This thesis contributes a framework for the analysis of market emergence, in which two literatures are used to complement each other’s limitations. As a result, the thesis is able to conceptualise how a common generative mechanism results in variety of economic organisation. It also demonstrates that it is possible for markets to share a regulatory and technical infrastructure, but not exchange between themselves and expand.
36
Guzman, Pamela, Franklin Montalvo, Edgardo Carvallo, and Carlos Raymundo. "Implementation of a process management model and inventory control to increase the level of service in the after-sales area of industrial equipment." Latin American and Caribbean Consortium of Engineering Institutions, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656260.
Full textAbstract:
Currently, many industrial companies generate many losses in their after sales this is generated to an error in the control of inventories and in turn in a mishandling of their assets through their processes, therefore the present research proposes a management model of processes and control of inventories in order to reduce customer losses due to the large number of existing complaints and thus increase sales. Therefore, the process management model, which will contribute to the standardization, optimization and control of its critical processes, and for which indicators, procedures and policies will be proposed for each stage of the process in order to measure its efficiency and effectiveness for correct decision making. With respect to the control of inventories, it is proposed to make a segmentation of the products, which allows the identification of the most important products for the company, to then design a demand forecast model for families of products that will later be individualized considering their factors initial and finally using an inventory management model will obtain the optimal quantity of spare parts order to use in the technical service of the equipment reducing the annual costs related to the inventory.
37
Gavač, Adam. "Návrh řízení procesu honování." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318742.
Full textAbstract:
The study investigates potential of promising combination of Lean principles and Industry 4.0 tools in order to find a solution for control of manufacturing process. Firstly, each of the buzzwords is defined and their relation is explained. Then, rules which will facilitate implementation of I4.0 tools into Lean production are enumerated. Afterwards, situation at the shopfloor is observed and statistical analysis of production data is done to analyze current manufacturing process. Deep investigation revealed strong potential for improvement, which was the motive to elaborate a proposal for Lean automated process control.
38
Pokorný, Šimon. "Kondenzační parní turbína do ocelárny." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443167.
Full textAbstract:
Objective of the master’s thesis is the thermodynamic design of condensing steam turbine for steelworks place on frame. Steam turbine can be operated with one controlled extraction point from 0t/h to 115 t/h at terminal power 60 MWe and speed of 3 000 per minute. The entered parameters are the admission states of steam at the inlet to the steam turbine, required properties of steam in the process extraction point and temperature of cooling water with flow in water cooled condenser. At the beginning of design of the steam turbine is thermal scheme, defining state of steam in significant places and predetermined mass flow through condensing steam turbine. The following is the design of two regulatory stages with equal pressure blades. First is for High pressure stepped section and the second is for low pressure stepped section. The solution of stepped section is divided into two chapters. The first deals with preliminary determination of the geometry and the number of stages, the second is main part of the whole thermodynamics design of a condensing steam turbine. Stepped section is solved with over pressure blading set on the drum rotor. The calculation is divided into low pressure stepped section for design mode with zero process extraction point and high pressure stepped section, which is designed for off taking mode. Steam turbine is consisted of 6 cones about 32 stages. Thermodynamics efficiency in off taking mode is 86,1 % and mass flow 71,94 kg/s, in condensing mode 83,4 %, respectively 53,01 kg/s. Part of design is strength check of blades, critical speed check and design of compensating piston with the system of labyrinth glands and bearings. Thesis is supplemented by operating characteristics and longitudinal section of condensing steam turbine.
39
Kim, Jinju. "ENJOYING SOCIAL TV Re-discovering the social process and big data research." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668003.
Full textAbstract:
Esta tesis estudia el comportamiento de las audiencias de lo que hoy se conoce como la televisión social: producciones audiovisuales a las que se accede a través de las redes sociales y el televidente puede disfrutar de su proyección y al tiempo compartir su experiencia audiovisual con otras personas.
A diferencia de las investigaciones tradicionales que han analizado el consumo transnacional de las producciones culturales (principalmente desde los Estados Unidos al resto del mundo), esta tesis estudia el consumo que hacen las audiencias occidentales (de habla inglesa, española y francesa) de productos audiovisuales producidos en países orientales, concretamente en Corea del Sur. La interculturalidad se ha convertido hoy en día en un fenómeno común, pero se sabe muy poco sobre los procesos sociales que tienen lugar cuando se consumen productos con precedencias culturales diferentes.
Investigaciones previas han señalado que los enfoques tradicionales para el estudio del consumo de las producciones audiovisuales, solo permiten comprender los aspectos superficiales del comportamiento de las audiencias digitales. Por lo tanto, en esta tesis se ha propuesto identificar y aplicar nuevos enfoques teóricos y metodológicos para el estudio de audiencias. Estos métodos utilizan las técnicas desarrolladas en el ámbito de la computación que hacen posible el acceso a datos provenientes de distintas redes sociales (big data methods) y procesarlos utilizado dos enfoques. El primero se desarrolla en el ámbito del proceso del lenguaje natural (tanto el análisis de la expresión lingüística de sentimientos como de los temas expresados). El segundo, en el ámbito del análisis de las redes sociales el cual permite diferenciar las interdependencias que tienen lugar durante el proceso de transformación de un artista en una estrella.
La primera contribución de la tesis es identificar las emociones expresadas lingüísticamente, su valencia, y su intensidad, y lo realiza en un contexto multicultural (anglosajón, español y francés), mediendo su relación con la popularidad de las producciones culturales. El marco cultural está basado en la psicología social y realiza una aportación al estudio del comportamiento del consumidor.
La segunda contribución tiene que ver con la interacción parasocial que tiene lugar entre los consumidores y los actores que dan vida a los personajes y a la trama de la producción audiovisual. Para identificar las dimensiones de la interacción parasocial se utilizan métodos desarrollados para el procesamiento del lenguaje natural. Se puede decir que esta es la primera investigación que los identifica la interacción parasocial e incluso mide su influencia en la popularidad de las expresiones culturales analizadas.
La tercera contribución de la tesis radica en la aportación de una nueva teoría que explica la evolución de las redes de interacción social de los artistas. La teoría, se ha denominado “Big Bang Theory of Stardom”, la cual identifica y explica el proceso de transformación de las redes sociales de los artistas, desde que estos entran en el mercado hasta que se transforman en famosos. La experiencia emocional socialmente compartida entre los espectadores parece ser el punto de partida de los procesos sociales.
En resumen, los resultados muestran que los productos mediáticos no occidentales exitosos en la televisión social son los capaces de estimular las reacciones emocionales de los espectadores globales y su interacción afectiva social con los personajes mediáticos. Los personajes de los medios se vuelven fundamentales para la popularidad de los medios solo cuando son capaces de crear una estructura capilar de la red de interacciones entre las audiencias. Se llega a la conclusión de que la televisión social ofrece una nueva y prometedora forma de entender el comportamiento de las audiencias globales y de la interculturalidad multidireccional en el nuevo entorno de los medios.Social media, online sharing platforms, and online TV industry among other innovations in communication technologies have dramatically changed the media production and consumption environment. The globalization of the media markets is probably the most critical consequence of this digital revolution. However, the majority of previous research in cross-cultural studies have been framed in western productions (the US mainly) distributed to the rest of the world and conducted using traditional data gathering and analytical tools. Therefore, blindly applying these previous research frameworks to the globalization of media markets may reduce our ability to describe how global audiences enjoy media productions through online TV channels and interpret consumers’ role in the popularity of eastern media products. These new questions remain unexplored and refer us to the study of consumers’ experience watching eastern media products in terms of cultural values, enjoyment, and emotions by global audiences including western audiences. One of the most recent and essential phenomena in the global digital media entertainment ecosystem is the advent of social TV merging television and social media. Emotional expressions are of the utmost importance to describe viewers’ enjoyment with social TV. From a research viewpoint, this dense online conversations and flow of comments carry valuable information about online viewers' experience of the media contents they have been exposed to. To examine the information embedded in the vast body of text data present in social TV we use a series of advanced computer-aided text research methods, such as sentiment analysis, topic modelling, and network analysis that have been rarely employed so far in communication studies. For the first time, this study adopts a mixed research approach to analyse the audience behaviour of Korean TV series in social TV with qualitative data (viewers' real-time comments) and advanced quantitative methods developed for big-data analyses. The first contribution of the thesis identifies the expression of emotions embedded in viewers' comments and measures the intensity of audiences' enjoyment. We consider three different linguistic groups of global viewers, English, Spanish, and French in a multicultural context. The results suggest that the cultural groups do not influence the way consumers express their emotions when watching Korean TV series, but do influence the intensity with which they are expressed in comments. The second contribution consists in examining the parasocial interaction of audiences with media characters in Korean TV series through social TV and measure its relationship with the popularity of cultural products. We identify the thematic content expressed in real-time comments with topic modelling, a new analytical tool for automatic thematic analysis. This is the first research that identifies and measure the influence of parasocial interaction on the popularity of cultural media products. The third contribution reveals a theory that explains the evolution of the social interaction networks of an artist called Big Bang Theory of stardom. Socially shared emotional experience among viewers seems to be the starting point of a social process. The results of network analysis among the viewers' comments identify and explain the process of transformation of the social network of artists from entering the market until they become famous. To sum up, this research reveals that successful non-western media products on social TV are the ones capable of stimulating global viewers' emotional reactions and their social affective interaction with media characters. Media characters turn to be fundamental for the media popularity only when they are able to create a capillary structure of interactions network among audiences. We conclude that social TV provides a promising new way of understanding the global audiences’ behaviour of multidirectional cross-cultural consumption in the new media environment.
40
Amara, Soumia. "CO2 capture in industry using chilled ammonia process." Thesis, KTH, Energiprocesser, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-292504.
Full textAbstract:
CO2 capture and storage (CCS) is estimated to reduce 14% of the global CO2 emissions in the 2 °C scenario presented by the International Energy Agency. Moreover, post combustion capture is identified as a potential method for CO2 capture from industry since it can be easily retrofitted without disturbing the core industrial process. Among the post-combustion capture methods, absorption using mono-ethanol amine (MEA) is the most mature technology that has been demonstrated at plant scale. However, using chilled ammonia process as a post combustion capture technology in a cement industry can reduce 47% energy penalty for CO2 capture when compared to the conventional MEA absorption method. Hence, the current project aims at analyzing the chilled ammonia process when integrated with steel and ammonia plants. Key performance indicator like specific primary energy consumption per kilogram of CO2 avoided (SPECCA) is estimated and compared with MEA absorption method. Firstly, chilled ammonia process (CAP) for cement plant was used as reference case. Then, CAP for steel and ammonia processes was optimized by the means of the decision variables affecting the capture and energy efficiency. The energy consumption per kg CO2 captured and SPECCA was lower for the higher CO2 concentration in the flue gas. Results for SPECCA were 3,56, 3,52 and 3,61 MJ/kg CO2 for cement, steel, and ammonia plants, respectively.
41
Rubil, Dijana, and Caroline Schöld. "The influence of and interaction between socialization agents in the child-consumers purchasing process." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, EMM (Entrepreneurship, Marketing, Management), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-13096.
Full textAbstract:
In several years researchers have focused on identifying different socialization agents that influence the child consumer in the purchasing process. These studies have identified parents, friends and peers, television, role models, and different virtual communities as socialization agents. However, there is still no understanding of how the socialization agents are integrated in the decision-making process.
The purpose is therefore to identify how the child-consumers are influenced by different sources in their decision-making process, and recognise the socialization agents’ interaction as influencers.
The authors have found that there is a continuous interaction between the socialization agents in the decision-making process. The socialization agents, such as parents, siblings, friends and peers, television, role models and virtual communities, separately influence the adolescents in the purchasing process, however, the adolescents do not only take into consideration the opinion of one socialization agent but rather they use all of them. The authors have also found that the socialization agents act as support systems to other socialization agents, this in both influence and credibility.
42
Lood, Stark Gustav. "A process mineralogy study of grinding characteristics for the polymetallic orebody, Lappberget Garpenberg." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-86988.
Full textAbstract:
Most of the high-grade ores have been depleted globally, thus the effective processing of the low-grade and complex ores require a comprehensive mineral characterization through the process mineralogy/ geometallurgical approaches. 30-70 % of the total energy consumption in mining comes from the comminution step in mineral processing. This study, is aimed to investigate how different mineral domains in Lappberget, Garpenberg affect the grinding energy and throughput of an autogenous grinding mill (AG) and how blending different mineralogical domains will have an effect on throughput. The results were obtained through automated mineralogy using a Zeiss Sigma 300 VP at the QANTMIN scanning electron microscope (SEM) laboratory (Luleå University of Technology) and an in-house grindability test developed by Boliden Mineral AB. There is approximately a multiple of three times differences in the amount of energy consumption and throughput between the hardest and softest mineralogical domains. This difference is attributed to mineral composition of the individual domains and mineral characteristics. Blending different samples indicate that a higher throughput can be achieved and one possible hypothesis is that the harder minerals act as grinding media.
43
Suwandinata, Hanny [Verfasser]. "Children's influence on the family decision-making process in food buying and consumption : an empirical study of children's influence in Jakarta-Indonesia / Hanny Suwandinata." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2012. http://d-nb.info/106395424X/34.
Full text
44
Karampournioti, Evmorfia [Verfasser]. "Understanding consumers’ ethical decision-making process : assessment of antecedents and consequences of consumer’s explicit and implicit perception and behavior towards ethical consumption / Evmorfia Karampournioti." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1224045793/34.
Full text
45
Al-Obaidi, Mudhar A. A. R. "Modelling, Simulation, and Optimisation of Reverse Osmosis Process with Application in Wastewater Treatment and Food Processing." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17345.
Full textAbstract:
Reverse Osmosis (RO) is a membrane-based separation process applied in several industrial and food processing applications. In this research, performance of RO process is investigated in respect of two applications (a) wastewater treatment (b) concentration fruit juices using model-based techniques. For this purpose, a number of models (both 1 and 2-dimensional steady state and dynamic) for spiral wound RO process are developed based on Solution-Diffusion model and Irreversible Thermodynamic model. The models are validated against actual experimental data reported in the literature before being used in further simulation and optimisation studies for both wastewater treatment and fruit juice concentration. Wastewater effluents of many industrial applications contain a variety of micro-pollutants and highly-toxic compounds, which are released into a variety of water resources. Such pollutants not only disrupt the biological ecosystem, but they also pose a real threat to the water supply for human consumption and to the aquatic ecosystems. The earlier chapters of the thesis evaluate the performance of RO process in terms of removal efficiency of toxic compounds such as chlorophenol, N-nitrosamine, etc. from wastewater. The effect of several operating parameters such as feed pressure, concentration, flow rate and temperature, on the performance of RO process are evaluated. Also, suitability of a number of different RO configurations for efficient removal of toxic compounds are evaluated. For example, (a) two-stage/two-pass RO design synthesis of RO network for the removal of chlorophenol (b) multistage multi-pass RO process with and without energy recovery option for the removal of N-nitrosamine are investigated. The dynamic response of the RO process for step changes in the operating parameters is investigated for the removal of phenolic compounds. Finally, in the context of wastewater treatment, a case study with multi compounds contaminants is suggested where a multi-objective optimisation problem has achieved the optimum rejection of all the compounds and recovery rate. In respect of food processing, RO has been considered as a prominent process in fruit juice concentration due to its ability to effectively retain the flavour, sensory, aroma and nutritional characteristics and concentrate the juice. This research elucidates one example of apple juice concentration process and focuses on highlighting successful modelling and optimisation methodology. This in turn provides an efficient method of RO process for concentrating apple juice by improving the reliability and efficiency of the underlying separation and concentration process.Ministry of High Education and Scientific Research of Iraq
46
Wenjing, Wei. "Assessment of Raw Materials in Stainless Steelmaking-Their Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emission." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Processer, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-300133.
Full textAbstract:
In stainless steelmaking, around 68% of the total greenhouse gas emissions come from the processing of raw materials. Thus, it is important for steelmakers to make efforts together with their raw material suppliers to implement low-carbon initiatives. To facilitate such initiatives, assessment of raw materials will provide guidance. In this work, the assessment of materials consists of two parts: i) different production scenarios are studied by using a static process model coupled with life cycle assessment approach to investigate the reduction potential of environmental impacts for Mo and Ni alloys; ii) assessment of the effect of trace element content (phosphorus) in stainless steel scrap on steel’s manufacturing cost, resource consumption and environmental impact using an online static process model. The results show that the overall GHG emission of FeMo production varies between 3.16-14.79 t CO2-eq/t FeMo (i.e. 5.3-24.7 tCO2-eq/t Mo). The main variance comes from the mining and beneficiation stages and depends mainly on the ore’s beneficiation degree. However, whether molybdenum is extracted as a co-product from copper mine or not can have an even greater effect on the total GHG emission of molybdenum due to the allocation of the impacts. In the case of nickel alloys, the GHG emissions for producing nickel metal, nickel oxide, ferronickel and nickel pig iron are 14, 30, 6 and 7 tCO2-eq/t alloy (i.e. 14, 40, 18, and 69 tCO2-eq/t Ni), respectively. Extracting sulfide ore through flash smelting process has been shown to have the least energy requirement and greenhouse gas emissions. In comparison to sulfide ore processing, oxide ore processed in an electric furnace is much more energy intensive and less environmental friendly primarily due to high content of gangue. However, by using a sustainable electricity source such as hydro-powered electricity, or applying a thermal heat recovery, it is possible to reduce the impact from electric furnace smelting of laterite. Furthermore, the use of stainless steel scraps with low phosphorous contents reduces slag amount, alloy consumption, production cost and carbon footprint. An estimation equation between phosphorous content and scrap’s value-in-use is obtained in the study to support the development of purchasing strategy. To conclude, the application of static process model based on mass and energy balance provides the possibility to assess raw materials’ environmental impact (energy consumption and GHG emissions) and to identify potentials to realize sustainable stainless steelmaking.Vid tillverkning av rostfritt stål kommer cirka 68% av växthusgaserna ifrån råvaruanvändningen. Därför är det viktigt för ståltillverkare att göra en samordnad insats med sina levenrantörer för att reducera dessa utsläpp. Den här avhandlingen ämnar att undersöka råvaror ur två perspektiv: i) att utvärdera olika produktionsscenarier för molybden och nickelleggeringar genom en statisk processmodell i kombination med livscykelanalys för att undersöka potentialen för att minska miljöbelastningen; ii) att undersöka hur spårämnesinnehållet (fosfor) i rostfritt stålskrot påverkar ståltillverkningskostnaden, resursförbrukningen och miljöpåverkan med ett webbaserat verktyg för processmodellen. Resultaten visar att växthusgasutsläppen från produktionen av FeMo varierar mellan 3.16-14.79 t CO2-eq/t FeMo (d.v.s. 5.3-24.7 tCO2-eq/t Mo). Variationen beror främst på malmets anrikningsgrad under malmbrytnings- och anrikningsprocessen. När molybden förekommer i kopparmalm och utvinns som en co-produkt så kan det ha en större effekt på molybdens energiförbrukning och växthusgasutsläpp än vad malmens anrikningsgrad har. I fallet för tillverkning av nickelmetall, nickeloxid, ferronickel och nickeltackjärn är växthusgasutsläppen 14, 30, 6 respektive 7 tCO2-eq/t legering (motsvarande 14, 40, 18, respektive 69 tCO2-eq/t Ni). Användningen av sulfidmalm i flashsmältningsprocessen har visat sig ha lägst energibehov och växhusgasutsläpp medan användningen av oxidmalm i ljusbågsugn både är mer energiintensiv och utsläppsintensiv på grund av en stor mängd oxider i nickelmalmen. Dessa utsläpp kan dock förbättras genom användningen av hållbar energi (till exempel el från vattenkraft), eller genom värmeåtervinning under processen. Utöver detta kan skrot med lågt fosforinnenhåll också användas vid tillverkningen av rostfritt stål för att minska slaggmängden, förbrukningen av legeringar, produktionskostnaden och växthusgasutläppen. En ekvation mellan fosforinnehållet och skrotets värde föreslås här som underlag för att utveckla en inköpsstrategi för skrot. Sammanfattningsvis så kan en statisk processmodell baserad på mass- och energibalans tillämpas för att utvärdera råvarors miljöbelastning (energiförbrukning och växthusgasutsläpp) och identifiera potentialen för en hållbar tillverkning av rostfritt stål.
47
Tolar, Martin. "Satisficing versus optimising behaviour in the non-durable consumption expenditure decision making process : an empirical examination of Australian data for the period 1976(1) - 1994(2) /." [Campbelltown, N.S.W. : The Author], 1995. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030703.130007/index.html.
Full text
48
Berg, Jan-Erik. "Wood and fibre mechanics related to the thermomechanical pulping process." Doctoral thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, teknik och matematik, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-6725.
Full textAbstract:
The main objective of this thesis was to improve the understanding of some aspects on wood and fibre mechanics related to conditions in the thermomechanical pulping process. Another objective was to measure the power distribution between the rotating plates in a refiner. The thesis comprises the following parts: –A literature review aimed at describing fracture in wood and fibres as related to the thermomechanical pulping process –An experimental study of fracture in wood under compression, at conditions similar to those in feeding of chips into preheaters and chip refiners –An experimental study of the effect of impact velocity on the fracture of wood, related to conditions of fibre separation in the breaker bar zone in a chip refiner –A micromechanical model of the deterioration of wood fibres, related to the development of fibre properties during the intense treatment in the small gap in the refining zone –Measurements of the power distribution in a refiner. The fracture in wood under compression was investigated by use of acoustic emission monitoring. The wood was compressed in both lateral and longitudinal directions to predict preferred modes of deformation in order to achieve desired irreversible changes in the wood structure. It was concluded that the most efficient compression direction in this respect is longitudinal. Preferable temperature at which the compression should be carried out and specific energy input needed in order to achieve substantial changes in the wood structure were also given. The fibre separation step and specifically the effect of impact velocity on the fracture energy were studied by use of a falling weight impact tester. The fracture surfaces were also examined under a microscope. An increase in impact velocity resulted in an increase in fracture energy. In the thermomechanical pulping process the fibres are subjected to lateral compression, tension and shear which causes the creation of microcracks in the fibre wall. This damage reduces the fibre wall stiffness. A simplified analytical model is presented for the prediction of the stiffness degradation due to the damage state in a wood fibre, loaded in uni-axial tension or shear. The model was based on an assumed displacement field together with the minimum total potential energy theorem. For the damage development an energy criterion was employed. The model was applied to calculate the relevant stiffness coefficients as a function of the damage state. The energy consumption in order to achieve a certain damage state in a softwood fibre by uniaxial tension or shear load was also calculated. The energy consumption was found to be dependent on the microfibril angle in the middle secondary wall, the loading case, the thicknesses of the fibre cell wall layers, and conditions such as moisture content and temperature. At conditions, prevailing at the entrance of the gap between the plates in a refiner and at relative high damage states, more energy was needed to create cracks at higher microfibril angles. The energy consumption was lower for earlywood compared to latewood fibres. For low microfibril angles, the energy consumption was lower for loading in shear compared to tension for both earlywood and latewood fibres. Material parameters, such as initial damage state and specific fracture energy, were determined by fitting of input parameters to experimental data. Only a part of the electrical energy demand in the thermomechanical pulping process is considered to be effective in fibre separation and developing fibre properties. Therefore it is important to improve the understanding of how this energy is distributed along the refining zone. Investigations have been carried out in a laboratory single-disc refiner. It was found that a new developed force sensor is an effective way of measuring the power distribution within the refining zone. The collected data show that the tangential force per area and consequently also the power per unit area increased with radial position. The results in this thesis improve the understanding of the influence of some process parameters in thermomechanical pulping related wood and fibre mechanics such as loading rate, loading direction, moisture content and temperature to separate the fibres from the wood and to achieve desired irreversible changes in the fibre structure. Further, the thesis gives an insight of the spatial energy distribution in a refiner during thermomechanical pulping.
49
Nyman, Emil. "Framtidens kanaler : En studie av konsumentbeteende i livsmedelsföretagens omni-kanaler." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för handel och företagande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-12839.
Full textAbstract:
Syftet för studien är att öka förståelsen för den valda konsumentgruppens konsumentbeteende i livsmedelsföretagens omni-kanaler. Förståelsen för konsumentbeteendet skall ökas genom att se på studiens tre delar, konsumtionsvärde, kanalanvändning och kanalintegration i relation till köpprocessen. Samt att syftet är att se på likheter och skillnader i konsumentbeteendet för män respektive kvinnor. Studien är utförd med en kvantitativ undersökningsmetod. Primärdata har samlats in vid genomförandet av en enkätundersökning som jämförts med sekundärdata som består av litteratur och tidigare forskning. Slutsatsen som kan dras av denna studie är att konsumentgruppen handlar livsmedel med störst del utilitaristiska konsumtionsvärden för att uppleva nytta och effektivitet genom köpprocessen. Det speglas även i de kanalval som görs genom köpprocessen där en slutsats är att fysisk butik fyller en viktig roll. Men att konsumentgruppen även kan tänka sig att kombinera fysisk butik med online och mobil kanal för att uppleva nytta. Störst användning av flera kanaler förväntas ske i samband med informationssökningen. Kanalintegrationen för konsumentgruppen förväntas ha en viktig betydelse för att de ska bli tillfredsställda i flera kanaler. Avslutningsvis har inga större skillnader mellan män och kvinnor kunnat påvisas i studien för konsumentbeteendet i flera kanaler.The purpose of the study is to increase understanding of the selected consumer group consumer behavior in food retailers omni-channels. The understanding of consumer behavior should be increased by ensuring the study's three parts, the consumption value, channel usage and channel integration in relation to the buying process. Another purpose of the study is to investigate similarities and differences in consumer behavior for men and women respectively. The study is designed with a quantitative research method. Primary data has been gathered in the implementation of a survey that compared with secondary data consisting of literature and previous research. The conclusion to be drawn from this study is that the consumer group's food with the greatest number of practical consumption values to experience the benefits and efficiency through the buying process. It is also reflected in the channel selection made by the buying process in which a conclusion is that the physical store plays an important role. But consumer group may also consider combining physical store with online and mobile channel to experience the benefits. The greatest use of multiple channels is expected to occur in connection with the search for information. Channel integration for the consumer group is expected to have a major importance for them to be satisfied in multiple channels. Finally, no major differences between men and women has been demonstrated in the study of consumer behavior in multiple channels.
50
Petersson, Elin. "The process towards environmental sustainability and the influence of perceptions : A comparative qualitative case study on perceptions of pro-environmental consumption among students at Linnaeus University." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-100352.
Full textAbstract:
Consumption is a major contributor to environmental harm, and also one area where the Swedish performance is in urgent need of improvement. While it is well known that changes are needed on all societal levels for sustainability to be realized, it is unclear whether the population is aware of which changes that refers to, since the impacts from individual consumption remain high. Previous research has identified psychological, cultural, social, and economic determinants as barriers to change, however, removing those barriers will not be sufficient if it results in changes entailing only marginal environmental benefits. The question that initiated this research is whether common people in Sweden can identify which changes are efficient enough to provide visible results, or if the current environmental discourse generates misperceptions, hindering concrete change. Meeting the objective to contribute to the identification of obstacles to sustainability by studying the perception of pro-environmental consumption among potential adopters, a qualitative interview-based case study was conducted on students at Linnaeus University in Växjö, Sweden. The research followed an abductive approach, whereby primarily the Diffusion of Innovations theory was used for structure and interpretation. The findings reveal several barriers to sustainability associated with individual perceptions, including perceptions of the concept of pro-environmental consumption as complex, a perceived lack of trustworthy information from authorities, a perceived abundance of misleading information from profit-driven actors, as well as some controversy on where to place responsibility. Alongside this, misperceptions of environmental impacts from consumption were revealed, whereby accurate perceptions and environmental education were somewhat correlated. While highlighting an unrecognized but concrete issue, this research involves a small sample, suggesting that further research is required.