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Öberg, Christian. "Möblering med Procedurell Generering : Furnishing with Procedural Generation." Thesis, Linnaeus University, School of Computer Science, Physics and Mathematics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-5952.
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<p>I spelutveckling finns det idag två sätt för utvecklare att skapa digitalt innehåll.Manuellt av en person eller automatiskt av ett program där ekvationer istället kanbeskriver innehållet och generera det vid behov.Att låta ett program generera digitalt innehåll kallas Procedural Content Generation(PCG) och används i grafiska applikationer, dataspel, simulatorer ochonlineapplikationer.I detta arbete, gjort för Linnéuniversitetet, utvecklas ett sätt att möblera ett virtuelltrum genom att bruka konceptet för PCG. Genereringsalgoritm som utvecklats ärregelbaserad och med denna lösning kan ett eller flera virtuella rum möbleras utan attinnehållet i rummen behöver sparas.I spelutveckling finns det idag två sätt för utvecklare att skapa digitalt innehåll.Manuellt av en person eller automatiskt av ett program där ekvationer istället kanbeskriver innehållet och generera det vid behov.Att låta ett program generera digitalt innehåll kallas Procedural Content Generation(PCG) och används i grafiska applikationer, dataspel, simulatorer ochonlineapplikationer.I detta arbete, gjort för Linnéuniversitetet, utvecklas ett sätt att möblera ett virtuelltrum genom att bruka konceptet för PCG. Genereringsalgoritm som utvecklats ärregelbaserad och med denna lösning kan ett eller flera virtuella rum möbleras utan attinnehållet i rummen behöver sparas.</p>
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Antonijevic, Filip. "PGG - Processuell Grottgenerering : En jämförelse mellan Cellulär Automat, Random Walk och Perlin Noise." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-19983.
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I detta arbete undersöktes processuell generering med tre algoritmer i syfte att skapa grottliknande banor och utvärdera kriterier baserat på eftertraktande egenskaper gällande tid, storlek, variation och pålitlighet. Algoritmerna är cellulär automat, random walk och Perlin noise. Flera olika hjälpfunktioner och algoritmer användes för utvärderingen av kriterierna. Syftet med arbetet var att ta reda på vilken av dessa algoritmer skulle passa bäst att användas i ett roguelikespel. Slutsatsen som drogs från undersökningen är att algoritmen random walk gav det bästa resultat gällande pålitlighet, variation och minst antal områden. Cellulär automat gav bäst resultat för genereringstid och minst antal golvytor. Perlin noise gav minst märkvärdigt resultat, men tillät relativt bättre kontroll över mängden golvytor än både cellulär automat och random walk. Överlag gav random walk det bästa resultat för att användas i syftet att skapa grottliknande banor för roguelikespel.
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Ek, Pontus. "Procedurell generering av grottsystem för dataspel : Jämförelse av procedurellt genererade osymmetriska banor." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-14075.
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Detta arbete handlar om Procedural Content Generation (PCG) i form av algoritmer som skapar osymmetriska banor och fokuserar på att ge en översikt av prestanda avseende tid, storlek samt tillgänglighetsgaranti. Tre olika algoritmer testades på hur lång tid det tog att skapa en bana, hur stora dess banor blev och om dessa banor tillåter att man kan nå alla gängliga områden. En Agentbaserad algoritm, Cellular Automata och Diffusion-limited Aggregation (DLA) studerades avseende dess styrkor och svagheter. Efter experimentet så drogs slutsatsen att DLA var mest effektiv inom tid och garanti dock skapade den små banor. Cellular Automata lyckades skapa stora rum men kunde de inte godkännas på punkten garanti, och den tog för lång tid att köra. Den Agentbaserade algoritmen misslyckades att skapa banor överhuvudtaget.
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Jansson, Björn. "Procedural Generation in Gravel." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Interaktiva och kognitiva system, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-107593.
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This thesis is concerned with procedural generation in a genre of games where it is not very common; 2D physics-based puzzle games. I will explore which different methods of procedural generation that will work with this kind of game, if any. If there is an easy way to implement procedural generation it could cut down on the game designers work load significantly, which would allow more content to be produced at a higher pace.
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Tråvén, Sandra. "Procedural world generator for platform games." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Medie- och Informationsteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-139020.
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Creating big games with a lot of content takes time. When it comes to designing levels, two time consuming tasks are creating the content for the levels and placing it in interesting ways. The placing of the content can be done procedurally and is called level generation. By using level generation, the designers need to spend less time working on the levels and if the level generation can be used at run time to create new levels it can also greatly increase the replayability of the game. This thesis is about creating a generator that places platforms and obstacles in an interesting and challenging way which can be affected by parameters that can be set by a level designer. The generator should be fast enough to be used while the game is running and the result should be reproducible. The method used has a strong focus on gameplay and the feeling of flow when playing. It generates what the player should press in the form of a rhythm for the hands. Each press represents the use of one of the characters abilities which are then converted into appropriate placing of platforms and obstacles that would make the player use the same ability when she plays. The generator can create rooms of arbitrary size with varied difficulty. The chance of certain abilities being used and certain obstacles appearing can be controlled.
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Classon, Johan, and Viktor Andersson. "Procedural Generation of Levels with Controllable Difficulty for a Platform Game Using a Genetic Algorithm." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Interaktiva och kognitiva system, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129801.
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This thesis describes the implementation and evaluation of a genetic algorithm (GA) for procedurally generating levels with controllable difficulty for a motion-based 2D platform game. Manually creating content can be time-consuming, and it may be desirable to automate this process with an algorithm, using Procedural Content Generation (PCG). An algorithm was implemented and then refined with an iterative method by conducting user tests. The resulting algorithm is considered a success and shows that using GA's for this kind of PCG is viable. An algorithm able to control difficulty of its output was achieved, but more refinement could be made with further user tests. Using a GA for this purpose, one should find elements that affect difficulty, incorporate these in the fitness function, and test generated content to ensure that the fitness function correctly evaluates solutions with regard to the desired output.
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Maung, David. "Tile-based Method for Procedural Content Generation." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461077485.
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Gasch, García Cristina. "Procedural Generation of Natural Environments." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671254.
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The video games, simulators and virtual reality industry increasingly demands more complex and realistic natural environments, which makes manual generation difficult. To solve it, procedural techniques have been developed, but the lack of control of the result is a problem. In addition, these environments need real-time visualization techniques that allow managing the result. The main objective of this thesis is to present several methods to control the result of procedural generation and improve its visualization. On the one hand, a noise-based procedural terrain generation method is presented, which allows the result to be controlled by height restrictions. In addition, an automatic method of distribution of plant elements is introduced that respects their biological restrictions. Finally, a multiresolution model is presented that allows real-time visualization of the environment. The model includes a foliage simplification technique based on mutual information between points of view.<br>La industria de los videojuegos, simuladores y realidad virtual cada vez demanda entornos naturales más complejos y realistas, lo que dificulta la generación manual. Para resolverlo, se han desarrollado técnicas procedurales, pero la falta de control del resultado es un problema. Además, estos entornos necesitan técnicas de visualización en tiempo real que permitan manejar el resultado. El principal objetivo de esta tesis es presentar varios métodos para controlar el resultado de la generación procedimental y mejorar su visualización. Por un lado, se presenta un método de generación de terrenos procedimental basado en ruido, que permite controlar el resultado mediante restricciones de altura. Además, se introduce un método automático de distribución de elementos vegetales que respeta sus restricciones biológicas. Finalmente, se presenta un modelo multirresolución que permite la visualización en tiempo real del entorno. El modelo incluye una técnica de simplificación de follaje basada en información mutua entre puntos de vista.
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Täljsten, David. "Exploring procedural generation of buildings." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20639.
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This thesis explores the procedural generation of 3D buildings from the floor plan all the way to the fa¸cade and building’s details such as doors, windows, and roof. Through this, the study explores several techniques and approaches to create different layers of the building generation pipeline. The focus is on implementing a set of algorithms that, when running sequentially, are able to create complete 3D buildings in a short time (so they can be used in online generation), could be used in any open-world game, and with a limited count of triangles per building. Furthermore, the tool provides a clear and easy-to-use interface for designers in Unity, where they can interact with the multiple parameters of each building layer, giving designers a high degree of controllability. The tool is evaluated using the resulting buildings based on different metrics and how individual changes to different parameter starting from a template affect the output of the generator in terms of the metrics and the resulting building. The result from the analysis show that the polygon mathematics is well suited for generating 3D buildings for games.
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Roberts, Jonathan Ralph. "Learning-based procedural content generation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/learningbased-procedural-content-generation(1af8d23d-8ceb-416b-b4ba-d7a2970b47ef).html.
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Procedural Content Generation (PCG) has become one of the hottest topics in Computational Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence (AI) game research in the past few years. PCG is the process of automatically creating content for video games, rather than by hand, and can offer great benefits for video games companies by helping to bring costs down and quality up. By guiding the process with AI it can be enhanced further and even be made to personalize content for target players. Among the current research into PCG, search-based approaches overwhelmingly dominate. While search-based algorithms have been shown to have great promise and produce several success stories there are a number of open challenges remaining. In this thesis, we present the Learning-Based Procedural Content Generation (LBPCG) framework, which is an alternative, novel approach designed to address some of these challenges. The major difference between the LBPCG framework and contemporary approaches is that the LBPCG is designed to learn about the problem space, freeing itself from the necessity for hard-coded information by the game developers. In this thesis we apply the LBPCG to a concrete example, the classic first-person shooter Quake, and present results showing the potential of the framework in generating quality content.
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Öhman, Johan. "Procedural Generation of Tower Defense Levels." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-166594.
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This report aims to present a method for generating levels for tower defense games. Tower defense games are digital strategy games played by defending bases against oncoming enemies that travel along pregenerated paths. The intended way of generating levels was to use Wave Function Collapse and Bézier curves to create paths and then generate a terrain mesh to match the paths using Marching Cubes. This approach was abandoned because it was considered unnecessarily complicated and there was a concern that there would not be enough time to complete a level generation system. The abandoned system was replaced by a system where a terrain mesh is generated first and is then used as the base for generating the paths iteratively where the direction of the path is changing based on a number of different rules. The path generation system was completed with a simple algorithm to decide on the number of enemies and defense towers. The result is a simple tower defense game with a complete but unbalanced system for generating levels. Though the system is unbalanced, it is implemented in a way that allows for balancing to be made. While a change in direction from the original idea was considered necessary, it only means that that approach was too time-consuming for this project, not that the techniques used in the original idea are inappropriate for these purposes.
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Kenwood, Julian. "Real-time generation of procedural forests." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9204.
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Includes bibliographical references.<br>The creation of 3D models for games and simulations is generally a time-consuming and labour intensive task. Forested landscapes are an important component of many large virtual environments in games and film. To create the many individual tree models required for forests requires a large numbers of artists and a great deal of time. In order to reduce modelling time procedural methods are often used. Such methods allow tree models to be created automatically and relatively quickly, albeit at potentially reduced quality. Although the process is faster than manual creation, it can still be slow and resource-intensive for large forests. The main contribution of this work is the development of an efficient procedural generation system for creating large forests. Our system uses L-Systems, a grammar-based procedural technique, to generate each tree. We explore two approaches to accelerating the creation of large forests. First, we demonstrate performance improvements for the creation of individual trees in the forest, by reducing the computation required by the underlying L-Systems. Second, we reduce the memory overhead by sharing geometry between trees using a novel branch instancing approach. Test results show that our scheme significantly improves the speed of forest generation over naive methods: our system is able to generate over 100, 000 trees in approximately 2 seconds, while using a modest amount of memory. With respect to improving L-System processing, one of our methods achieves a 25 speed up over traditional methods at the cost of a small amount of additional memory, while our second method manages a 99 reduction in memory at the expense of a small amount of extra processing.
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Shi, Yinxuan. "Procedural Content Generation for Computer Games." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1469147321.
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Frank, Elias, and Niclas Olsson. "Procedural city generation using Perlin noise." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för kreativa teknologier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-14855.
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Context. Procedural content generation is to algorithmically generate content. This has been used in games and is an important tool to create games with large amounts of content using fewer resources. This may allow small developers to create big worlds, which makes the investigation into this area interesting. Objectives. The Procedural generation of cities using Perlin noise is explored. The goal is to nd out if a procedurally generated city using Perlin noise is viable to use in games. Method. An implementation generating cities using Perlin noise has been created and a user study along with data collection tests the cities' viability in games. Result. The implementation succeeds with all the technical requirements such as performance and determinism. The user study shows that the cities created are perceived as viable in games. Conclusion. The cities generated with the implementation seems to be viable in games. The results show that the generated content are percieved as more viable than random generated cities. Furthermore the generation speed is fast enough to be used in an online setting.
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Oscar, Roosvall. "Procedural Terrain Generation Using Ray Marching." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för kreativa teknologier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-13664.
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Forsblom, Johan, and Jesper Johansson. "Genetic Improvements to Procedural Generation in Games." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för bibliotek, information, pedagogik och IT, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-13815.
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One of the biggest industries today is the gaming industry. A multitude of games are sold each year, competing for the players’ attention and wallets. One of the common important techniques used today to produce game content is procedural content generation, where the computer generates small or larger parts of a game which often affects the gameplay experience. The purpose of this study is to design and implement a framework which can be used to evaluate and improve the procedural content generation in games, so that the gameplay experience for players in procedurally generated games can be increased. The research method used was design science, and the theories upon which the framework is built with are flow, procedural content generation and the genetic algorithm. The framework first was designed, and then implemented as an artifact in the form of a roguelike game, so that the framework’s functionality could be evaluated and validated. The game was then set up on a webpage so that anyone could contribute to the research by playing by giving feedback of how well the procedural content generation was performing in the form of a questionnaire within the game. Hence, the results of the study was twofold. The framework itself, and secondly the implementation of the framework in the form of a roguelike game.<br>En av de största industrierna idag är spelindustrin. En stor mängd av spel säljs varje år, vilka konkurrerar om spelarnas uppmärksamhet och plånböcker. En av de vanligaste teknikerna idag för att skapa innehåll till spel är procedurell generering där datorn genererar små eller stora delar av spelet, vilket ofta har inverkan på spelupplevelsen. Syftet med denna studie är att designa och implementera ett ramverk, vilket kan användas till att evaluera och förbättra den procedurella genereringen av spelinnehållet i spel, så att spelupplevelsen för spelare i procedurellt genererade spel kan förbättras. Forskningsmetoden som användes var design science, och de teorier som ramverket bygger på är flow, procedurell generering och den genetiska algoritmen. Ramverket designades först, och implementerades sedan som en artefakt i formen av ett rouge-likt spel, så att ramverkets funktionalitet kunde evalueras och valideras. Spelet lades upp på en hemsida, så att vem som helst kunde bidra till forskningen genom att spela och ge gensvar på hur väl den procedurellt genererade innehållet presterade. Härav så blev resultaten av studien tvåfaldig, ramverket självt, och implementationen av det i formen av ett rouge-liknande spel
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Martin, Glenn Andrew. "Automatic Scenario Generation using Procedural Modeling Techniques." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5421.
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Training typically begins with a pre-existing scenario. The training exercise is performed and then an after action review is sometimes held. This “training pipeline” is repeated for each scenario that will be used that day. This approach is used routinely and often effectively, yet it has a number of aspects that can result in poor training. In particular, this process commonly has two associated events that are undesirable. First, scenarios are re-used over and over, which can reduce their effectiveness in training. Second, additional responsibility is placed on the individual training facilitator in that the trainer must now track performance improvements between scenarios. Taking both together can result in a multiplicative degradation in effectiveness. Within any simulation training exercise, a scenario definition is the starting point. While these are, unfortunately, re-used and over-used, they can, in fact, be generated from scratch each time. Typically, scenarios include the entire configuration for the simulators such as entities used, time of day, weather effects, entity starting locations and, where applicable, munitions effects. In addition, a background story (exercise briefing) is given to the trainees. The leader often then develops a mission plan that is shared with the trainee group. Given all of these issues, scientists began to explore more purposeful, targeted training. Rather than an ad-hoc creation of a simulation experience, there was an increased focus on the content of the experience and its effects on training. Previous work in scenario generation, interactive storytelling and computational approaches, while providing a good foundation, fall short on addressing the need for adaptive, automatic scenario generation. This dissertation addresses this need by building up a conceptual model to represent scenarios, mapping that conceptual model to a computational model, and then applying a newer procedural modeling technique, known as Functional L-systems, to create scenarios given a training objective, scenario complexity level desired, and sets of baseline and vignette scenario facets. A software package, known as PYTHAGORAS, was built and is presented that incorporates all these contributions into an actual tool for creating scenarios (both manual and automatic approaches are included). This package is then evaluated by subject matter experts in a scenario-based “Turing Test” of sorts where both system-generated scenarios and human-generated scenarios are evaluated by independent reviewers. The results are presented from various angles. Finally, a review of how such a tool can affect the training pipeline is included. In addition, a number of areas into which scenario generation can be expanded are reviewed. These focus on additional elements of both the training environment (e.g., buildings, interiors, etc.) and the training process (e.g., scenario write-ups, etc.).<br>ID: 031001551; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Adviser: Charles E. Hughes.; Title from PDF title page (viewed August 23, 2013).; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 112-117).<br>Ph.D.<br>Doctorate<br>Industrial Engineering and Management Systems<br>Engineering and Computer Science<br>Modeling and Simulation
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Furtado, Henrique. "Procedural Generation of Volumetric Data for Terrain." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-260320.
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A procedural method is proposed to generate volumetric data for terrain using a surface height map and information about materials as input. In contrast to previous explored methods this approach takes advantage of the extensive research on surface terrain generation by adapting the material layers to the topology of the input terrain. The method allows the user to specify materials as stratified or eroded, which are generated differently: stratified materials are stacked to generate material layers while eroded materials accumulate on even terrain. We compare a thermal erosion method and an original approach that uses information about the slope of the terrain as a shortcut to generate eroded layers and performs significantly better. The advantages and drawbacks of each technique are explored and discussed.<br>En proceduell metod har framställts för att generera volymdata för terränger med hjälp av en höjdkarta samt information om terrängens material. Till skillnad från tidigare metoder har följande nyttjat den omfattande forskningen kring genererad terräng. Det här genom att anpassa materialens lager till terrängens topologi. Metoden tillåter användaren att specifiera materialen som stratifierade eller eroderade, vilket genereras olika: stratifierat material staplas och generar på så vis materialen i lager, medan eroderat material samlas på jämn terräng. Vi jämför en termisk erosionsmetod med originellt tillvägagångssätt som nyttjar användarinformation om terrängens lutning som en genväg till att generera eroderade lager samt presterar signifikant bättre. Fördelar samt nackdelar med båda teknikerna utforskas och diskuteras.
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Hultquist, Carl. "An Adjectival Interface for procedural content generation." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6401.
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Includes abstract.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>In this thesis, a new interface for the generation of procedural content is proposed, in which the user describes the content that they wish to create by using adjectives. Procedural models are typically controlled by complex parameters and often require expert technical knowledge. Since people communicate with each other using language, an adjectival interface to the creation of procedural content is a natural step towards addressing the needs of non-technical and non-expert users. The key problem addressed is that of establishing a mapping between adjectival descriptors, and the parameters employed by procedural models. We show how this can be represented as a mapping between two multi-dimensional spaces, adjective space and parameter space, and approximate the mapping by applying novel function approximation techniques to points of correspondence between the two spaces. These corresponding point pairs are established through a training phase, in which random procedural content is generated and then described, allowing one to map from parameter space to adjective space. Since we ultimately seek a means of mapping from adjective space to parameter space, particle swarm optimisation is employed to select a point in parameter space that best matches any given point in adjective space. The overall result, is a system in which the user can specify adjectives that are then used to create appropriate procedural content, by mapping the adjectives to a suitable set of procedural parameters and employing the standard procedural technique using those parameters as inputs. In this way, none of the control offered by procedural modelling is sacrificed â although the adjectival interface is simpler, it can at any point be stripped away to reveal the standard procedural model and give users access to the full set of procedural parameters. As such, the adjectival interface can be used for rapid prototyping to create an approximation of the content desired, after which the procedural parameters can be used to fine-tune the result. The adjectival interface also serves as a means of intermediate bridging, affording users a more comfortable interface until they are fully conversant with the technicalities of the underlying procedural parameters. Finally, the adjectival interface is compared and contrasted to an interface that allows for direct specification of the procedural parameters. Through user experiments, it is found that the adjectival interface presented in this thesis is not only easier to use and understand, but also that it produces content which more accurately reflects usersâ intentions.
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Washburn, Megan E. "Dynamic Procedural Music Generation from NPC Attributes." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2020. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2193.
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Procedural content generation for video games (PCGG) has seen a steep increase in the past decade, aiming to foster emergent gameplay as well as to address the challenge of producing large amounts of engaging content quickly. Most work in PCGG has been focused on generating art and assets such as levels, textures, and models, or on narrative design to generate storylines and progression paths. Given the difficulty of generating harmonically pleasing and interesting music, procedural music generation for games (PMGG) has not seen as much attention during this time.
Music in video games is essential for establishing developers' intended mood and environment. Given the deficit of PMGG content, this paper aims to address the demand for high-quality PMGG. This paper describes the system developed to solve this problem, which generates thematic music for non-player characters (NPCs) based on developer-defined attributes in real time and responds to the dynamic relationship between the player and target NPC.
The system was evaluated by means of user study: participants confront four NPC bosses each with their own uniquely generated dynamic track based on their varying attributes in relation to the player's. The survey gathered information on the perceived quality, dynamism, and helpfulness to gameplay of the generated music. Results showed that the generated music was generally pleasing and harmonious, and that while players could not detect the details of how, they were able to detect a general relationship between themselves and the NPCs as reflected by the music.
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Andereck, Michael. "Procedural Terrain Generation Based on Constraint Paths." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1388357258.
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Taylor, Joshua. "The Procedural Generation of Interesting Sokoban Levels." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc801887/.
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As video games continue to become larger, more complex, and more costly to produce, research into methods to make game creation easier and faster becomes more valuable. One such research topic is procedural generation, which allows the computer to assist in the creation of content. This dissertation presents a new algorithm for the generation of Sokoban levels. Sokoban is a grid-based transport puzzle which is computational interesting due to being PSPACE-complete. Beyond just generating levels, the question of whether or not the levels created by this algorithm are interesting to human players is explored. A study was carried out comparing player attention while playing hand made levels versus their attention during procedurally generated levels. An auditory Stroop test was used to measure attention without disrupting play.
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Pessa, Mikael. "Functionality-Independent Style-Based Procedural Building Generation." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Informationskodning, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-147352.
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In computer graphics it is often necessary to construct a large number of objectsof specific types, such as buildings. One approach is to create the models procedurally,an approach that often renders function and appearance tightly coupled. This thesis explores an alternate solution to this problem. We propose a systemfor procedural building generation based on the separation of function andstyle. We show our approach to separating appearance from functionality, wethen describe our implementation of the system and finally we create a demonstrationof its potential. Our approach offers a large amount of control while allowing for a separationbetween design of functionality and design of style. The approach could intheory allow for reuse of large databases of models and simplify the creation ofprocedural generation engines
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Bengtsson, Daniel, and Johan Melin. "Constrained procedural floor plan generation for game environments." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för kreativa teknologier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-13006.
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Background: Procedural content generation (PCG) has become an important subject as the demand for content in modern games has increased. Paradox Arctic is a game development studio that aims to be at the forefront of technological solutions and is therefore interested in furthering their knowledge in PCG. To this end, Paradox Arctic has expressed their interest in a collaborative effort to further explore the subject of procedural floor plan generation. Objective: The main goal of this work is to test whether a solution based on growth, subdivision or a combination thereof, can be used to procedurally generate believable and varied floor plans for game environments, while also conforming to predefined constraints. Method: A solution capable of generating floor plans with the use of growth, subdivision and a combination of both has been implemented and a survey testing the believability and variation of the generated layouts has been conducted. Results & Conclusions: While the results of the subdivision and combined solutions show that more work is necessary before the generated content can be considered believable, the growth based solution presents promising results in terms of believability when generating smaller to medium sized layouts. This believability does however come at the cost of variation.<br>Bakgrund: Procedural content generation (PCG) har blivit ett alltmer viktigt ämne allteftersom kravet på mängden innehåll i moderna spel har ökat. Paradox Arctic är en spelutvecklingsstudio vars målsättning är att ligga i teknologins framkant och de är därför intresserade av att vidareutveckla sin kompetens inom PCG. Av denna anledning har de uttryckt intresse för ett samarbete inom området “procedurell generering av planlösningar”. Syfte: Det huvudsakliga syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka huruvida lösningar baserade på att växa ytor, fördela ytor i mindre delar eller en kombination av dessa, kan användas för att skapa trovärdiga och varierade planlösningar för spelmiljöer, utan att bryta förutbestämda krav. Metod: En lösning som procedurellt genererar planlösningar genom att växa och/eller fördela dem har implementerats och en undersökning, med syftet att utvärdera trovärdigheten och variationen i de genererade planlösningarna, har utförts. Resultat & Slutsatser: Lösningen som baseras på fördelning av ytor och den kombinerade lösningen, visades av resultaten kräva ytterliggare arbete för att anses generera trovärdiga resultat. Lösningen som baseras på att växa ytor däremot, visade positiva trovärdighetsresultat när små och medelstora planlösningar genererades. Detta goda resultat uppstod dock på bekostnaden av variation mellan de genererade planlösningarna.
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Gylleus, Karl. "Perception of procedurally generated virtual buildings." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-229967.
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Due to the high amount of time it takes to manually design virtual buildings and cities it is often desired to automate the process. Procedural modeling is a way to achieve this by algorithmically generating buildings. By using inverse generation procedural descriptions of buildings can be extracted from a given model. When using a procedural generator to create a city some variance is needed during generation which might lead to unrealistic buildings if not handled correctly. This thesis investigates which features of buildings are most sensitive to change in regards to their realism. An inverse procedural modeler is implemented in C# using Unity, which can generate split grammar rules from input pictures of building facades and their defined layout. Generated rules can then be used to generate buildings. Photographs of facades on residential buildings are edited in Adobe Photoshop and fed to the implemented generator to recreate real buildings. These buildings and manually altered versions of them are used to carry out an experiment involving independent participants in order to find which features on facades detracts most from their realism when changed. The findings are that certain features impact a buildings realism more than others when changed. Color and window styles on a facade are especially sensitive. This knowledge can in the future be used to improve building generators such that they are careful in editing the window style and colors of created buildings.<br>Med anledning av den långa tid det tar att manuellt skapa virtuella byggnader och städer är det ofta önskvärt att automatisera processen. Procedurell modellering är ett sätt att uppnå detta genom att algoritmiskt generera byggnader. Genom att använda inversprocedurell generering kan procedurella beskrivningar av byggnader extraheras från givna modeller. När en procedurell generator används för att skapa en stad krävs det varians i generationen vilket kan leda till orealistiska byggnader om det inte sköts korrekt. Denna avhandling undersöker vilka karaktäristiker på byggnader som är mest känsliga för att bli ändrade vad gäller deras realism. En inversprocedurell generator är skriven i C# och implementerad i Unity, som kan generera split grammar regler från givna bilder av fasader och dess definierade struktur. Fotografier av fasader från bostadshus redigeras i Adobe Photosop och matas till den implementerade generatorn för att återskapa riktiga byggnader. Dessa byggnader och manuellt ändrade versioner av dem används i ett experiment med oberoende deltagare för att undersöka vilka karaktäristiker som fråntar mest realism från byggnaderna när de ändras. De funna resultaten är att vissa element av byggnadsfasader påverkar byggnaders realism mer än andra. Färg och stil på fönster är i synnerhet känsliga för ändring. Denna kunskap kan i framtiden änvändas för att förbättra byggnadsgeneratorer sådant att de är försiktiga med att ändra just fönsterstil och färg på skapade byggnader.
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Lautakoski, Johan. "Procedurell generering av terräng Perlin noise eller Diamond-Square : med fokus på exekveringstid och framkomlighet." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-12940.
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Kim, Paul H. "Intelligent Maze Generation." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1563286393237089.
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Kachscovsky, Boris. "Interactive Methods for Procedural Texture Generation with Noise." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-257515.
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Many computer graphics applications have used procedural noise since the 1980s, but there are still very few tools which allow non programming-oriented users to make procedural textures. This paper attempts to provide a framework for building and creating procedural noise based textures, in a way that can be easily abstracted and understood by those users. A careful study is conducted of Perlin Noise, and similar interfaces and tools are examined in order to create a framework centered around composable parts and semantic abstractions. The framework is then used to build a proof-of-concept interface which exemplifies some of the conclusions drawn from the study. The proof-of-concept interface successfully creates an environment which can be used to create procedural textures, and serves as a guide for future interfaces in the field.
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Pereira, Leonardo Tortoro. "Procedural Generation of Dungeon Maps, Missions and Rooms." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-25032019-144917/.
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The present research proposes two procedural content generation approaches for missions and play space in a game with dungeons, and a game prototype developed as a proof of concept for the feasibility of the algorithm and as a test framework for user-based experiments. The first approach will define missions by generating dungeon maps together with locked doors and keys through the use of an evolutionary algorithm. The second approach will populate the generated dungeon space by filling the content of dungeon rooms using space-filling curves and cellular automata algorithms. The evolutionary algorithm evolves tree structures encoding information about the dungeon. The goal is to converge the generated dungeons as close as possible to satisfy the set of parameter inputs provided by a game designer. The dungeon holds information about the amount of rooms, the connections between them and their position in a 2D map. There are also relevant semantic information in the content for the generation of narrative, which presents itself by the placement of unique pairs of keys and locks throughout it. Thus, a feasible way to finish the dungeon can be procedurally generated. The content of rooms are generated using space-filling curves algorithms such as Hilbert and Moore curves as well as Conways Game of Life Cellular Automata. Computational results report that the evolutionary algorithm provides dungeons with up to a 100 rooms very close to the desired ones for a range of different parameter inputs. The early validation tests with humans show no statistical difference between levels procedurally generated and those made by humans. Further user-centred validation tests with the game prototype show the algorithm-generated levels are perceived as equally or even more human-made than their human-authored counterparts, as well as funnier and more difficult. Thus, the research aims to generate gameplay elements combining different algorithms for a single solution, which could be easily adapted to a range of different games.<br>O projeto propõe duas abordagens de geração de conteúdo para missões e mapas em um jogo com calabouços, e um protótipo de jogo desenvolvido como prova de conceito da factibilidade do algoritmo e também como plataforma de testes para experimentos com usuários. A primeira abordagem define missões ao gerar mapas de calabouço em conjunto com chaves e portas trancadas através do uso de um algoritmo evolutivo. Já a segunda abordagem irá popular o espaço do calabouço criado ao preencher o conteúdo de suas salas usando algoritmos de curvas de preenchimento de espaço e autômatos celulares. O algoritmo evolutivo evolui uma estrutura em árvore que codifica informações sobre o calabouço. O objetivo é convergir os calabouços gerados para se aproximar ao máximo da configuração de entrada fornecida por um designer de jogos. O calabouço possui informação sobre as salas, como a quantidade das mesmas, as conexões entre elas e suas posições em um mapa 2D. Também contam com informações semânticas relevantes para a geração de narrativa no calabouço, que são o posicionamento de pares únicos de chaves e fechaduras através do calabouço. Portanto, uma maneira factível para o término do mesmo pode ser gerada proceduralmente. O conteúdo das salas é gerado usando curvas de preenchiment de espaço como as de Hilbert e Moore, além do autômato celular do Jogo da Vida de Conway. Resultados computacionais demonstram que o algoritmo evolutivo é capaz de criar calabouços com propriedades muito próximas às desejadas para uma grande variedade de entradas para calabouços com até 100 salas. Resultados preliminares de validação com humanos mostraram não haver diferença estatística entre os níveis gerados proceduralmente daqueles feitos por humanos. Testes posteriores de validação centrados em humanos com o protótipo de jogo mostram que os níveis gerados pelo algoritmo são percebidos como feitos por humanos de maneira semelhante ou até em maior grau do que suas contrapartidas geradas de fato por humanos, assim como são percebidos como mais divertidos e difíceis do que estas. Portanto, esta pesquisa objetiva gerar elementos de jogabilidade combinando diferentes algoritmos em uma única solução, que pode ser facilmente adaptada para uma variedade de jogos diferentes.
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Pinheiro, Jefferson Magalhães. "A procedural model for snake skin texture generation." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/171371.
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Existem milhares de espécies de serpentes no mundo, muitas com padrões distintos e intricados. Esta diversidade se torna um problema para usuários que precisam criar texturas de pele de serpente para aplicar em modelos 3D, pois a dificuldade em criar estes padrões complexos é considerável. Nós primeiramente propomos uma categorização de padrões de pele de serpentes levando em conta suas características visuais. Então apresentamos um modelo procedural capaz de sintetizar uma vasta gama de textura de padrões de pele de serpentes. O modelo usa processamento de imagem simples (tal como sintetizar bolinhas e listras) bem como autômatos celulares e geradores de ruído para criar texturas realistas para usar em renderizadores modernos. Nossos resultados mostram boa similaridade visual com pele de serpentes reais. As texturas resultantes podem ser usadas não apenas em computação gráfica, mas também em educação sobre serpentes e suas características visuais. Nós também realizamos testes com usuários para avaliar a usabilidade de nossa ferramenta. O escore da Escala de Usabilidade do Sistema foi de 85:8, sugerindo uma ferramenta de texturização altamente efetiva.<br>There are thousands of snake species in the world, many with intricate and distinct skin patterns. This diversity becomes a problem for users who need to create snake skin textures to apply on 3D models, as the difficulty for creating such complex patterns is considerable. We first propose a categorization of snake skin patterns considering their visual characteristics. We then present a procedural model capable of synthesizing a wide range of texture skin patterns from snakes. The model uses simple image processing (such as synthesizing spots and stripes) as well as cellular automata and noise generators to create realistic textures for use in a modern renderer. Our results show good visual similarity with real skin found in snakes. The resulting textures can be used not only for computer graphics texturing, but also in education about snakes and their visual characteristics. We have also performed a user study to assess the usability of our tool. The score from the System Usability Scale was 85:8, suggesting a highly effective texturing tool.
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Jormedal, Martin. "Procedural Generation of Road Networks Using L-Systems." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Informationskodning, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-169373.
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This thesis details the results and conclusions of a project conducted at the game studio FromSoftware in Tokyo, Japan during the autumn of 2008. The aim ofthe project was the design and implementation of a system able to generate 3D graphical representations of road networks.
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Rudzicz, Nicholas. "Arda: a framework for procedural video game content generation." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40821.
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The current trend in computer game design is toward larger and richer virtual worlds, providing interesting and abundant game content for players to explore. The creation and continuous expansion of detailed virtual environments, however, is a time and resource-consuming task for game developers. Procedural content generation potentially solves this problem; textures, landscapes, and more recently the creation of entire cities and their constituent roads and buildings can be performed in an auto mated fashion, potentially offering considerable resource savings for developers. This thesis develops a comprehensive system for content generation, centering on a hierarchical world design. The Arda tool is presented as a modular system for supporting automatic content generation in a game context. Arda is composed of a framework for internally managing environmental data and content-generation algorithms, in addition to a graphical tool providing a simplified interface for generating video game content. The tool supports extensive customization, which is demonstrated through a novel algorithm for efficient and realistic city (road-plan) generation. Experimental results show the design is practical, producing qualitatively realistic results. It is also quite fast; large city plans, extending to the size of major real-world cities can be generated in a few seconds. The Arda design demonstrates the feasibility of automatic content generation, providing a practical and flexible system for quick prototyping, development and testing of game assets.<br>La nouvelle tendance dans la conception de jeux vidéo vise des environnements vastes et détaillés, pour mettre en valeur l’exploration de l’univers virtuel. Cependant, la création de ce contenu impose au développeur un investissement majeur au niveau des ressources et du temps requis pour la production. L’emploi du contenu procédural pourrait résoudre le problème: la création de textures, de paysages, et finalement de villes entières—incluant des réseaux routiers et des bâtiments complexes—se fait de façon automatisée, ce qui représente une économie considérable pour les développeurs. Cette thèse présente un système de génération de contenu procédural axé sur une conception hiérarchique du monde virtuel: Arda, un outil modulaire qui facilite la création automatique de contenu pour les jeux vidéo. Arda est composé d'un cadre d'applications pour la gestion de données environnementales et d'algorithmes procéduraux, ainsi que d'une interface d'utilisation graphique qui simplifie le processus de création de contenu. L'outil est fortement paramétrable, ce qui est démontré grâce à un nouvel algorithme, conçu ci-après, pour la création efficace et réaliste de réseaux routiers. Les essais prouvent que le concept est pratique et produit des résultats très réalistes. De plus, le système est rapide: des villes virtuelles, de la même dimension que des villes actuelles, sont construites en quelques secondes. Le système Arda démontre la faisabilité de la génération de contenu procédural, fournissant une méthode pratique et modulaire pour le dévelopement et la validation rapide de contenu pour les jeux vidéo.
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Camozzato, Daniel. "A method for growth-based procedural floor plan generation." Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10923/7579.
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Previous issue date: 2015<br>We present a procedural method to create floor plans considering user-provided requisites as well as the constraint of a building’s exterior walls. First, a grid is created in the available space. Then, each room is placed to occupy a single cell in the grid, and subsequently expanded, occupying adjacent cells to achieve its final size. This growth-based approach can generate different interior models which follow user requisites without relying on costly optimization steps. The proposed method handles a wide variety of building shapes, including non-convex polygons. Possible applications include architectural tools and digital content generation.<br>Neste trabalho apresenta-se um método procedural para criar plantas baixas levando em conta requisitos do usuário e também o limite das paredes externas de uma construção. Primeiro, uma grade é criada no espaço disponível. Então, cada aposento é posicionado de tal forma a ocupar uma célula da grade, e é subsequentemente expandido, ocupando células adjacentes para alcançar seu tamanho final. Essa abordadem baseada em crescimento pode gerar diferentes modelos de interior que atendem aos requisitos do usuário sem depender de passos custosos de otimização. O método proposto é capaz de lidar com uma variedade de formatos externos das paredes da construção, incluindo polígonos não convexos. Possíveis aplicações incluem ferramentas de arquitetura e a geração de conteúdo digital.
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Griffith, Ioseff. "Procedural Narrative Generation Through Emotionally Interesting Non-Player Characters." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap och medieteknik (DM), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76708.
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Procedural content generation is a technique used to produce a wide range of computer-generated content in many industries today, the video game industry in particular. This study focuses on how procedural content generation can be applied to create emotionally interesting non-player characters and through this, generate narrative snippets that can immerse and interest a reader. The main points examined are how to achieve this using a modular approach to personality and behaviour, how well readers can distinguish whether motivations and interactions are generated by a computer or written by a human, and to what degree a reader can be immersed in a computer-generated narrative. Procedural narrative could help to reduce workload on large projects or lower costs, and is an area in which there is much room for further research. To answer these problems, a literature review of existing techniques for the creation of emotionally interesting non-player characters was conducted and used to design and construct a prototype implementation for generating procedural narrative. The output of this narrative was dressed up to match the style of a human text and A/B testing was conducted utilising a survey in order to evaluate and compare responses to the two texts. Ultimately, the results showed very little difference between the perception of the human-written text and the computer-written text, with the only aspects found lacking in the computer-written text being clarity of emotion and foreshadowing.
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Adam, Timothey Andrew. "PROCEDURAL MUSIC GENERATION AND ADAPTATION BASED ON GAME STATE." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1202.
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Video game developers attempt to convey moods to emphasize their game's narrative. Events that occur within the game usually convey success or failure in some way meaningful to the story's progress. Ideally, when these events occur, the intended change in mood should be perceivable to the player. One way of doing so is to change the music. This requires musical tracks to represent many possible moods, states and game events. This can be very taxing on composers, and encoding the control flow (when to transition) of the tracks can prove to be tricky as well.
This thesis presents AUD.js, a system developed for procedural music generation for JavaScript-based web games. By taking input from game events, the system can create music corresponding to various Western perceptions of music mood. The system was trained with classic video game music. Game development students rated the mood of 80 pieces, after which statistical representations of those pieces were extracted and added into AUD.js. AUD.js can adapt its generated music to new sets of input parameters, thereby updating the perceived mood of the generated music at runtime.
We conducted A/B tests comparing static music, both composed and computer-generated, to dynamically adapting music. We find that AUD.js provides reasonably effective music for games, but that adaptiveness of the music does not necessarily improve player experience over composed music. By conducting a user study during Global Game Jam 2014, we also find that since AUD.js provides a software solution to music composition, it can be a useful tool for game music integration under time pressure.
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Landers, Stephen P. "Improving Game Design through Responsive Configuration and Procedural Generation." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1407252394.
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Doran, Jonathon. "Procedural Generation of Content for Online Role Playing Games." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc700051/.
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Video game players demand a volume of content far in excess of the ability of game designers to create it. For example, a single quest might take a week to develop and test, which means that companies such as Blizzard are spending millions of dollars each month on new content for their games. As a result, both players and developers are frustrated with the inability to meet the demand for new content. By generating content on-demand, it is possible to create custom content for each player based on player preferences. It is also possible to make use of the current world state during generation, something which cannot be done with current techniques. Using developers to create rules and assets for a content generator instead of creating content directly will lower development costs as well as reduce the development time for new game content to seconds rather than days. This work is part of the field of computational creativity, and involves the use of computers to create aesthetically pleasing game content, such as terrain, characters, and quests. I demonstrate agent-based terrain generation, and economic modeling of game spaces. I also demonstrate the autonomous generation of quests for online role playing games, and the ability to play these quests using an emulated Everquest server.
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Göran, Sandström. "Procedural Sequencing : a New Form of Procedural Music Creation." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-10699.
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With increased availability of smartphones, game consoles and computers with capabilities of synthesizing procedural music in real time comes the challenge of realizing new tools for generative music composition for games, inter-media art and musical live performance.This work defines a new method of creating music, “procedural sequencing”, and it presents a musical software that attempts to solve some of the design challenges of bridging interactive elements and more traditional tools for music composition. The software combines aspects of live coding with tracker sequencing.
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Lundgren, Jesper. "Search-based Procedural Content Generation as a Tool for Level Design in Games." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-102212.
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The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the use of Search-based Procedural Content generation (SBPCG) to help a designer create levels for different game styles. I show how SBPCG can be used for level generation in different game genres by surveying both paper and released commercial solutions. I then provide empirical data by using a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to evolve levels in two different game types, first one being a space puzzle game, and the second a platform game. Constraints from a level designer provide a base to create fitness functions for both games with success. Even though difficulties with level representation make it hard for a designer to work with this technique directly, the generated levels show that the technique has promising potential to aid level designers with their work.
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Freiknecht, Jonas [Verfasser], and Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Effelsberg. "Procedural content generation for games / Jonas Freiknecht ; Betreuer: Wolfgang Effelsberg." Mannheim : Universitätsbibliothek Mannheim, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1230755063/34.
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Wilson, Janet Kirsten. "Procedures for sequential and parallel automatic adaptive tetrahedral mesh generation." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1171.
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Bomström, H. (Henri). "The application of procedural content generation in video game design." Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2016. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201609172812.
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Video games have started to become a daily part of our lives. In 2015 the Entertainment Software Association reported that 155 million Americans play video games and 42 percent of those play video games regularly, spending at least three hours per week playing. In 2015 the American video game industry generated $22.41 billion in revenue. (Entertainment Software Association [ESA], 2015.) As the demand of content in video games continues to rise, the amount of resources used by game studios is increasing to meet the demand. The scaling of manual content creation in video games is becoming a problem and automatic content creation has been suggested to increase scalability (Iosup, 2011.) Procedural content generation tries to solve this problem by programmatically creating varying and personalised content on demand.
Procedural content generation is intended to create content automatically in video games, or help in the creation process of content. The applications of procedural content generation in game design and development ranges from integrated solutions that automatically generate content, to pure inspiration and tool applications. (Togelius, Yannakakis, Stanley, & Browne, 2011.) Smith, Gan, Othenin-Girard and Whitehead (2011) have also proposed that video games can be procedural content generation-based, which creates new playable experiences through extensive usage of procedural content generation. This means that a completely new type of games is possible, with game mechanics built around content generation.
Traditionally procedural content generation has been used in single sub-categories of game design, such as map generation to increase replayability. The problem with procedural content generation is that the content might not always be desirable or enjoyable. If the content generated is not for example playable at all, it is considered as a catastrophic failure. Catastrophic failures are one of the reasons why procedural content generation isn’t more widely used in commercial game development, as it may render the game impossible to complete. (Zafar & Mujtaba, 2012.)
The usage of procedural content generation in video games is still not a very well researched subject, even though it has been used for a long time. This means that potential applications of PCG in the gaming industry might not have been all realized yet. (Togelius et al., 2011.) Hendrikx, Meijer, Van Der Velden, & Iosup (2013) released a comprehensive survey on procedural content generation and found that the related literature is distributed over multiple disciplines and co-evolves with multiple different areas in science. According to Yannakakis and Togelius (2014) PCG is an active research area and is heavily influenced by other AI research areas. Besides player modelling, PCG was found to be research area that affected the player’s gameplay experience the most.
Even though procedural content generation has raised significant research interest in recent years, it has not been yet fully adopted to the practise of game design and should be contextualized to a more design centric perspective. (Khaled, Nelson, & Barr, 2013.) According to Smith (2014) it is essential that both the AI researchers and game designers have a common vocabulary when discussing procedural content generation systems. The focus of this thesis is to study PCG and its relation to game design. This thesis tries to answer the questions what is Procedural Content Generation and how Procedural Content Generation is used in game design. The research method selected is a literature review, where no new empiric knowledge is created. When referring to PCG and its related methods, the context is limited to video games. The in-depth study of different procedural methods, such as Perlin noise and L-systems, is left out of this study.
The structure of this thesis is built on studying PCG and then exploring its application on video game design. The second chapter defines procedural content generation, search based procedural content generation, experience driven procedural content generation and the terminology related to them. The third chapter continues on the second chapter and explains why and how procedural content generation is used in game design. Finally discussion about the topic is presented with the conclusions.
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Dunn, Ian Thomas. "Procedural Generation and Rendering of Large-Scale Open-World Environments." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2016. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1678.
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Open-world video games give players a large environment to explore along with increased freedom to navigate and manipulate that environment. These requirements pose several problems that must be addressed by a game's graphics engine. Often there are a large number of visible objects, such as all of the trees in a forest, as well as objects comprised of large amounts of geometry, such as terrain. An open-world graphics engine must be able to render large environments at varying levels of detail and smoothly transition between detail levels to provide a believable experience. Often this involves finding a way to both store and generate the large amounts of geometry that represent the environment.
In this thesis we present a system for generating and rendering large exterior environments, with a focus on terrain and vegetation. We use a region-based procedural generation algorithm to create environments of varying types. This algorithm produces content that can be rendered at multiple levels of detail. The terrain is rendered volumetrically to support caves, overhangs, and cliffs, but is also rendered using heightmaps to allow for large view distances. Vegetation is implemented using procedurally generated meshes and impostors. The volumetric terrain is editable in real time, which limits our ability to pre-generate or cache large amounts of geometry, and also limits the number of assumptions we can make with regard to visibility.
We support a view distance of at least 25 miles in each direction, though distant objects are rendered at low resolution. The heightmap terrain used to achieve this view distance consists of over 360,000 triangles. Our system runs at 180 frames per second on commodity desktop hardware.
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Baldwin, Alexander, and Johan Holmberg. "Mixed-Initiative Procedural Generation of Dungeons Using Game Design Patterns." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20477.
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Procedural content generation (PCG) can be a useful tool for aiding creativityand efficiency in the process of designing game levels. Mixed-initiative level genera-tion tools where a designer and an algorithm collaborate to iteratively generate gamelevels have been used for this purpose – taking advantage of the combination of com-putational efficiency and human intuition and creativity. However, it can be difficultfor designers to work with tools that do not respond to the common language of games:game design patterns.It has been demonstrated that game design patterns can be integrated into PCGalgorithms, but formally-defined and hierarchically-arranged game design patternshave not yet been used as a means of increasing gameplay-based control in mixed-initiative dungeon generators. We present a method for evolving dungeon rooms usingmulti-level game design patterns in the objective function of a genetic algorithm, aswell as an instantiation of this method in a mixed-initiative dungeon design tool. Ourresults show that we are able to control the frequency and type of design patterns ingenerated rooms using pattern-related input parameters, enabling us to create dungeonrooms containing a wide variety of patterns on different levels of abstraction.Results from a small-scale user study of professional game developers suggest thatthe use of game design patterns in mixed-initiative level design tools can be a promisingway of providing a good starting point when designing a level, as well as offeringmeaningful gameplay related feedback throughout the design process. We also identifychallenges that will need to be faced if game design pattern-based mixed-initiative leveldesign tools are to become a part of the game designer’s toolkit.
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Friberg, Oscar. "Investigating urban perception using procedural street generation and virtual reality." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189450.
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As virtual reality and interaction possibilities in game technology evolve and become more user-friendly, accessible and cheaper, this technology suddenly gets useful in occupational areas that traditionally have not used them, one being urban planning. By using a game engine and a virtual neighborhood that utilizes procedural generation the user has the option of having a cost-effective, replicable environment with great control from the user. According to the Broken Windows Theory small differences in appearance can have a big impact on how an urban neighborhood will be perceived. Therefore it would be interesting to investigate how the perception of street scenes is affected by the different aesthetic properties of dirt, graffiti, broken windows, building height and greenery (trees and bushes). By implementing a virtual neighborhood that utilizes procedural generation the basic structure of the neighborhood can stay the same, while separately adjusting the specific properties that are being evaluated. Through surveys and interviews the results show that every one of the chosen properties are very significant except for building height. Generally the more trees that were present, the more safe the neighborhood felt, and the order of significance of dirt, graffiti and broken windows differed between the two evaluation methods.<br>Då virtual reality och interaktionsmöjligheterna inom spelteknologi utvecklas och blir mer användarvänliga, mer tillgängliga och billigare, blir denna teknik plötsligt användbar inom yrkesområden som traditionellt sett inte har använt dem, där ett exempel är stadsplanering. Genom att använda en spelmotor och en virtuell stadsdel som utnyttjar procedural generation får användaren en kostnadseffektiv, replikerbar miljö med stor kontroll från användaren. Enligt Broken Windows Theory så kan små skillnader i utseende ha en stor inverkan på hur en stadsdel kommer att uppfattas. Därför vore det intressant att undersöka hur synen på virtuella gatscener påverkas av olika estetiska egenskaper som smuts, graffiti, trasiga fönster, bygghöjd, och grönska (träd och buskar). Genom att implementera en virtuell stadsdel som utnyttjar procedural generation kan grundstrukturen vara densamma, medan man separat justerar de specifika egenskaperna som ska utvärderas. Genom enkäter och intervjuer visar resultaten att var och en av de valda egenskaperna är mycket betydande, med undantaget för byggnadshöjd. Generellt så kändes stadsdelen mer säker desto mer träd som fanns, och ordningen av signifikansen för smuts, graffiti, och trasiga fönster skiljde sig mellan enkäterna och intervjuerna.
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Juuso, Lina. "Procedural generation of imaginative trees using a space colonization algorithm." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-35577.
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The modeling of trees is challenging due to their complex branching structures. Three different ways to generate trees are using real world data for reconstruction, interactive modeling methods and modeling with procedural or rule-based systems. Procedural content generation is the idea of using algorithms to automate content creation processes, and it is useful in plant modeling since it can generate a wide variety of plants that can adapt and react to the environment and changing conditions. This thesis focuses on and extends a procedural tree generation technique that uses a space colonization algorithm to model the tree branches' competition for space, and shifts the previous works' focus from realism to fantasy. The technique satisfied the idea of using interaction between the tree's internal and external factors to determine its final shape, by letting the designer control the where and the how of the tree's growth process. The implementation resulted in a tree generation application where the user's imagination decides the limit of what can be produced, and if that limit is reached can the application be used to randomly generate a wide variety of trees and tree-like structures. A motivation for many researchers in the procedural content generation area is how it can be used to augment human imagination. The result of this thesis can be used for that, by stepping away from the restrictions of realism, and with ease let the user generate widely diverse trees, that are not necessarily realistic but, in most cases, adapts to the idea of a tree.
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Auoja, Anton. "Procedural Expansion of Urban Environments." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för systemteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-71268.
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Procedural generation of urban environments is a very difficult problem to solve. Most solutions use predefined production rules which lock them into only few different variations of the result. This works well when producing new urban environments but fails when it comes to the expansion of them. Most cities are too complex to model using an approach which utilises predefined rules. By using an example based approach instead, it is possible to expand any city and still have the new street network follow the layout of the original city, regardless of complexity. This paper describes a method of extracting the necessary information from the GIS database OpenStreetMap and expanding the cities using an example based approach presented by Aliaga et al. The paper will also show how blocks, parcels and buildings can be generated to fit within the urban environment.
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Sain, Travis. "Using the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure as an analogue procedure for generating cognitive defusion." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1764.
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The current study tested the utility of the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) as an analogue cognitive defusion intervention to alter implicit attitudes toward Abraham Lincoln and Adolf Hitler. One-hundred and twelve participants were randomly assigned to either a control or defusion condition. Participants first completed a series of self-report measures assessing psychological functioning and distress, as well as attitudes toward Lincoln and Hitler. Control condition participants then completed three IRAPs measuring implicit attitudes toward Hitler and Lincoln (H/L IRAP). Defusion conditions participants completed a pre-intervention H/L IRAP, received a rationale for defusion before completing a defusion IRAP, and then completed a post-intervention H/L IRAP. All participants finished the study by completing a second set of self-report measures. Results of the study indicated that when taking into account participant knowledge of defusion there were significant differences in IRAP performance post-intervention between conditions, although there were no significant differences in performance pre- to post-intervention within the defusion condition. Additionally, there were no differences between conditions on self-report measures at either time point, suggesting the IRAP was sensitive to changes in participant attitudes that self-reports were unable to detect. Thus, the results of this study indicate that the IRAP is a viable analogue defusion intervention, and future research should look to expand the defusion effect produced by the IRAP.
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Morkel, Chantelle. "Non-interactive modeling tools and support environment for procedural geometry generation." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/242/.
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Johannesson, Nick, and Simon Kevin. "Spelet Cave Generation : En Studie Om Procedurell Generering i 2D-Plattformsspel." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för bibliotek, information, pedagogik och IT, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-14387.
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Denna studie undersöker olika designval inom datorspel för att skapa intressanta och varierade nivåer som kan tilltala både erfarna spelare och nybörjare inom en av de populäraste fritidsaktiviterna i världen. Att designa en nivå i ett spel är en tidskrävande process, och ett sätt att korta ner på detta arbete är att låta en dator skapa nivåer efter specifika instruktioner, genom en process som kallas för procedurell generering. Målet med denna studie är att ta reda på vilka designval som behöver tas i åtanke för att skapa program för att procedurellt generera nivåer i spel som är anpassade efter en specifik målgrupp. Studiens forskningsfråga lyder: Vilka element krävs i ett 2D-plattformsspel för att spelare skall tycka om spelet? Samt vilka undersökta PCG-algoritmer och parameterinställningar lämpar sig för att skapa ett spel som uppfyller dessa önskemål? För att göra detta utvecklades ett datorspel som använde sig av olika former av procedurell generering. Respondenter från olika målgrupper utformade efter deras spelvanor intervjuades för att ta reda på vilka aspekter personer från varje grupp letade efter i ett datorspel, och det egenutvecklade spelet utformades efter respondenternas svar. Efter detta så fick ett större antal informanter testa spelet och svara på enkätfrågor som sedan sammanställdes och analyserades för att ta reda på vilka aspekter av spelets genererade nivåer som informanterna från varje målgrupp tyckte att datorn hade lyckats med. En del av de resultat vi fått från studien var bland annat att folk som spelar ofta blir mer motiverade av ett poängsystem än folk som spelar mer sällan, samt att alla målgrupper tyckte om en stor variation mellan nivåerna.<br>This study examines different design choices within computer games to create interesting and varied levels that can appeal to both seasoned gamers and newcomers in one of the most popular hobbies in the world. Designing a level is a time-consuming process, and a way to shorten this work is to let a computer create the levels based on specific instructions, through a process called procedural generation. The goal of this study is to find out what design choices that needs to be taken into account in order to create programs to procedurally generate levels in games that are tailored for a specific target audience. The research question of this study is: Which elements are required in a 2D-platforming game in order for players to enjoy it? And which of the examined PCG-algorithms and parameter settings are suitable for creating a game that fulfils these requirements? In order to do this, a computer game was developed which used various forms of procedural generation. Respondents from target audiences based on their gaming habits were interviewed in order to find out what aspects people from each group looked for in a video game, and the in-house developed computer game was designed based on the respondents’ answers. After this a larger number of people tested the game and answered a survey, which was later compiled and analysed to find out which aspects of the games generated levels that the players from each target audience felt that the computer had been successful in. A part of the results that we found in this study are among other thing that people who play games more often are more motivated by a score system than other players who play less. And that all target audiences prefer varied level design.