Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Procedure (Law) – European Economic Community countries'
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LEAL, ARCAS Rafael. "Theory and practice of EC external trade law and policy." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/13171.
Full textExamining board: Prof. Bruno De Witte, European University Institute (Supervisor) ; Prof. Francesca Martines, Faculty of Economics, University of Pisa ; Prof. Petros C. Mavroidis, Columbia Law School, NY and University of Neuchâtel ; Prof. Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann, European University Institute
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
Both the European Community (EC) and its Member States agree that it is in their best interest to coordinate their action vis-à-vis the rest of the world in international trade agreements. Theory and Practice of EC External Trade Law and Policy looks at the intricacies of the institutional framework of EC trade law, and with special emphasis on services trade, examines the law and practice of EC external trade relations from a policy, economic, legal and an overarching European constitutional perspective. The objective of the author’s analysis is not only to find ways to nurture and preserve the unitary character of EC external trade relations in areas of shared competence between EU Member States and EU institutions, but also to understand the management of the EC’s external trade relations. The book begins with an analysis of the evolution of the EC common commercial policy, through which the author examines the checks and balances at the micro, meso and macro levels. The author then proceeds to analyse the problems faced by the EU in its external relations and the legal complexity of mixed agreements. This unique legal phenomenon is tackled from an intra-EC perspective as well as from an extra-EU perspective taking into account various implications for third parties. The major EU institutions are examined: the Commission as the negotiator of international trade agreements, the role of the EU Council and the European Parliament in concluding and ratifying of agreements and the European Court of Justice in relation to judicial enforcement. The EU’s decision-making process in the trade arena and its relation with national institutions are examined. The book concludes with an analysis of the EC’s contribution to the Doha Round in the area of services trade.
Kouba, Cox Martina. "The approximation of EC law in the Czech Republic : transposiiton or transformation?" Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78217.
Full textSEGNI, Laura. "L'esecuzione del bilancio europeo." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/13170.
Full textExamining Board: Prof. Jacques Ziller, Relatore (IUE) ; Prof. Giuliano Amato, (IUE) ; Prof. M.P. Chiti, (Università di Firenze) ; Prof. Giacinto della Cananea, (Università di Napoli Federico II)
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no abstract available
Doutrelepont, Carine. "Incidence du droit communautaire sur l'évolution du droit d'auteur: perspectives de rapprochement des législations nationales? analyse à travers certaines composantes du droit d'auteur :étude de droit comparé et de droit européen." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212993.
Full textVan, Raepenbusch Sean. "La sécurité sociale des travailleurs migrants en droit européen." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213117.
Full textDony, Marianne. "La responsabilité des pouvoirs publics en cas d'intervention dans une entreprise en difficulté." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213118.
Full textBEAUCHESNE, Benedicte. "La protection juridique des entreprises en droit communautaire de la concurrence." Doctoral thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4558.
Full textExamining board: Prof. Marie-Chantal Boutard-Labarde (Université de Paris X-Nanterre) ; Prof. Fausto Capelli (Université de Parme) ; Prof. Peter Müller-Graff (Université de Trier) ; Prof. Jürgen Schwarze (Supervisor - EUI) ; Prof. Jean Vergès (Université de Paris I)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
BAQUERO, CRUZ Julio. "The economic constitutional law of the European Community: between competition and free movement." Doctoral thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4554.
Full textExamining board: Prof. Giuliano Amato, Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri; European University Institute (supervisor) ; Prof. Gráinne de Búrca, European University Institute ; Prof. Koen Lenaerts, Judge, Court of First Instance of the European Communities; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven ; Prof. Jean-Victor Louis, European University Institute; Université libre de Bruxelles (supervisor) ; Dr. Peter Oliver, Legal Adviser, European Commission
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
MEAD, Philip. "The European Community as an International Actor : Does the Community possess an international personality and responsibility separate from its Member States?" Doctoral thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/26188.
Full textARPIO, SANTACRUZ Juan Lorenzo. "State aids in the European Community : framework exceptions and implications for national economic policies." Doctoral thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4545.
Full textVAN, DEN BOSSCHE Peter. "European Community food aid as an instrument for economic and social development and humanitarian relief? : prospects for and constraints on further changes in European Community food aid law." Doctoral thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4575.
Full textSHULMAN, Ann R. "Environmental citizen suits in the United States and the European Community." Doctoral thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5621.
Full textCARTEI, Gian Franco. "Gli accordi di programma nel diritto comunitario e nazionale." Doctoral thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5499.
Full textMOREIRO, GONZALEZ Carlos Javier. "Banking in Europe : the harmonization process in establishment and services." Doctoral thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4717.
Full textDefence date: 6 March 1992
First made available online on 10 September 2013.
This research is an interdisciplinary approach to the EEC banking harmonization process. The methodology employed consists in focusing the subject from the legal, economic and political Science perspectives. Therefore, the underlying purpose of the research is to study the legal outcomes within their context. The research is subdivided in several parts. The first part is a legal approach to both the first and second Banking Directives as the cornerstones of the EEC banking harmonization process. The detailed analysis of both Directives from an EEC legal perspective is a condition precedent for the understanding of how is being shaped the Community Financial Policy. The Second Part is a political science approach to the role of interest within the EEC decision making process. More specifically, it is an attempt to show how banks can influence legislators for the achievement of their objectives. An additional study to this second part, is constituted by the analysis of the Community policies in consumer protection. This sector provides us with comparative information for an estimation of the importance of "interest” within the shaping of regulatory policies within the EEC. A socioeconomic approach to credit institutions strategies1 for the controlling of financial markets is the subject of the third part. Through the study of the United States current "deregulatory" trends, we show the interrelationship between the world financial markets. A second stage of this part connects the European context with the other representative world financial markets. Thus, similar behaviours can be remarked, which leads the author to the conclusion that neither national governments, nor the European Institutions are currently capable to regulate financial markets without a previous “consensus" with the financial institutions. The fourth part of the research consists in a critical approach to the institutional behaviour of the Community as regards policy-making for the achievement of an integrated financial market by 1992. This analysis shows that credit institutions, whose profits are greatly affected by public policy, have an extraordinary capacity to innovate and adapt, notably as a way of lawfully avoiding the effects of "public Controls”. Each of the four parts of the research used the same methodology. First, there is an introduction to establish the guidelines of the research approach to the subject. Secondly, there is a detailed analysis of the main issues constituting the field of the study. Thirdly, we draw some conclusions from the research.
POIARES, PESSOA MADURO Luis Miguel. "We the Court : the European Court of Justice, the European economic constitution and article 30 of the EC treaty." Doctoral thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4753.
Full textPURNHAGEN, Kai Peter. "Systematisation in European Risk Regulation." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/16063.
Full textExamining Board: Prof. Dr. Julia Black, London School of Economics and Political Sciences; Prof. Dr. Fabrizio Cafaggi, EUI; Prof. Dr. Hans-W. Micklitz, EUI (Supervisor); Prof. Dr. Ellen Vos, University of Maastricht.
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This thesis explores the impact of the increasing role of systematisation in European law on the example of EU risk regulation as a reference area. It argues that systematisation in European law has a much wider impact than what is regularly perceived as rationalisation. It creates a new integration-method, which economises European law to an extend that it effects the state-making and society building in EU law. In this respect, it also contributes to the legitimacy of EU legal action and shapes the EU constitution. Risk regulation forms an ideal test case for this thesis as it has emerged in recent years from a sector-specific and reactive field of law to an increasingly coherent and autonomous legal system at European level, which follows its own rules and procedures. While within the two main regimes of risk regulation, which I call ‘new approach’ and ‘new governance’, systematisation developed at a different speed and under different circumstances, these concepts are increasingly merged at European level. When I talk about the technique of systematisation, however, this concept requires adjustment as to the features of European law. While systematisation has been a main feature of the state-making agenda of nation-states, the same technique of systematisation in the EU nowadays creates a common market. Hence, in the EU, systematisation is in the first sense a tool of economisation. This impact of systematisation of risk regulation falls also within the EU’s competence. Although the principle of proportionality may require adjustments according to under- and over-inclusiveness of individuals and groups within systematised EU law, the EU legal order requires such systematisation in principle.
ADINOLFI, Adelina. "Il diritto all'informazione dei lavoratori nei gruppi multinazionali : Prospettive di intervento nei paesi della CEE." Doctoral thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4537.
Full textMELI, Marisa. "Il Principio Chi inquina paga : Nel diritto comunitario, nei documenti OCSE, e nel diritto italiano." Doctoral thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4711.
Full textExamining board: Prof. Dr. H.U. Jessurun d'Oliveira, EUI, supervisor ; Prof. Dr. M. Libertini, Università di Catania ; Prof. Dr. Eckhard Rehbinder, Universität Frankfurt / Main ; Prof. Dr. Henri Smets, OECD ; Prof. Dr. Gunther Teubner, EUI
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
BECKER, Ulrich. "Der Gestaltungsspielraum der EG-Mitgliedstaaten im Spannungsfeld zwischen Umweltschutz und freiem Warenverkehr." Doctoral thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5584.
Full textWUERMELING, Joachim. "Legislativer Trilog im institutionellen Dreieck der Europäischen Gemeinschaft : das Verfahren der Zusammenarbeit nach Artikel 149 Absatz 2 EWGV." Doctoral thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5616.
Full textSTEINERT, Jan. "Probleme der umweltrechtlichen Kompetenzgrundlagen in der Europäischen Gemeinschaft unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung des Subsidiaritaetsprinzipes." Doctoral thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5630.
Full textRABE, Kristina. "Rechtliche Instrumente zur Durchsetzung des gemeinschaftlichen Umweltrechts in den Mitgliedstaaten der EG." Doctoral thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5688.
Full textABELTSHAUSER, Thomas E. "Funktionale Alternativen einer europäischen Unternehmensverfassung." Doctoral thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/24254.
Full textMODRALL, James. "Centralization and Uniformity in Federal Systems : The case of environmental policy." Doctoral thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/26276.
Full textLLM certificate issued on 1.7.1987
Academic year 1984/85. Thesis submitted 28 February 1986.
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
DUPRÉ, Bruno. "Merger policy in the EEC : legal and economic analysis in the light of the American experience." Doctoral thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4614.
Full textSupervisor: Prof. Christian Joerges ; Co-supervisor: Prof. Barry Hawk
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
VONK, Olivier. "Dual nationality in the European Union : a study on changing norms in public and private international law and in the municipal laws of four EU member state." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/15386.
Full textExamining Board: Rainer Baubock (EUI); Gerard-René De Groot (Universiteit Maastricht); Marie-Ange Moreau (Supervisor, EUI); Bruno Nascimbene (Università degli Studi di Milano)
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The main objective of this study is to examine the phenomenon of dual nationality in the European Union (EU), particularly against the background of the status of European citizenship - a status that is linked to the nationality of each EU Member State (Article 20(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union provides that ‘citizenship of the Union shall be additional to and not replace national citizenship’). The study consists of two parts. The first part (Chapters 1 and 2) sets out the approach towards (dual) nationality in Private International Law and EU Law, in particular by analyzing the case law of the European Court of Justice (ECJ). The second part (Chapters 3- 6) consists of an overview of the dual nationality regimes in four EU Member States - France, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain -, and their possible effects on the EU as a whole. Chapter 2 of the thesis is entitled the ‘intra-EU context’, since it primarily deals with the ECJ’s approach towards a dual nationality consisting of two Member State nationalities. The country reports, on the other hand, deal with the ‘extra-EU context’ because the dual nationality policies of the countries under consideration predominantly affect non-Member State nationals. Thus, France and the Netherlands have for some time already faced the question how to integrate the (Muslim) immigrant population; Italy and Spain have long since adopted a system of preferential treatment for (Latin American) former emigrants and their descendants. The country reports demonstrate how dual nationality is used (or rejected) in these four countries. Finally, the question whether the EU should in time acquire (limited) competence in the field of European nationality law is one of the major themes of this study. Regardless of one’s stance on this question, it must be readily admitted that the subject of Member State autonomy in nationality law is becoming ever more salient with the enlargement of the Union and the growing relevance of European citizenship in the case law of the ECJ. In the opinion of this author, the study shows that the almost absolute autonomy of Member States in the field of nationality law is becoming increasingly problematic for the EU as a whole. Based inter alia on the findings from the country reports, this thesis takes the position that there is arguably a need for the (minimum) harmonization of European nationality laws.
KUIPERS, Jan-Jaap. "The interrelationship between EU law and private international law in contractual obligations : private autonomy, overriding mandatory provisions and a European justice area." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/16060.
Full textExamining Board: Prof. dr. Marie-Ange Moreau, European University Institute (supervisor); Prof. dr. Hans-Wolfgang Micklitz, European University Institute; Prof. dr. Gerard-René de Groot, Maastricht University; Prof. dr. Jean-Michel Jacquet, Institut des Hautes Etudes Internationales, Geneva
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The aim of this research is to analyse the interrelationship between Private International Law and European Union law in the area of contractual obligations. The Rome I Regulation on the Law Applicable to Contractual Obligations is used to delimit the scope of research. The material rules of Rome I will be discussed in order to demonstrate that the instrument follows the traditional European conflict of laws approach without any specific orientation towards internal market objectives. The influence of Union law upon PIL goes however beyond positive harmonisation, being the codification of conflict of law norms on the European level. In the analysis of the effects of Union law upon the conflict of law process, a distinction will be drawn between international and =European‘ contracts. As regards international contracts Rome I could be used to establish the international scope of application of secondary Union law when the contract involves a link with a third country. However the legislator seems to have given preference to an autonomous approach based upon the object and purpose of the relevant instrument. These directives create nuisance in the conflict of law process and it will be proposed to integrate sector specific scope rules in Rome I. With regard to contracts that exclusively have connections with two or more Member States it will be analysed to what extent rules of contract law are caught by the fundamental freedoms. It will be argued that primary law does not favour ex ante the application of the law of a specific Member State, but may correct the applicable law. Rules that can be set aside by parties by a mere choice of law can however not have the potential effects of hindering the smooth functioning of the internal market. The overall objective of the project is to identify the methodological disharmony between Union law and PIL in the regulation of cross border contracts and to propose suggestions to improve their mutual understanding.
FERNANDEZ, MARTIN Jose Maria. "A critical analysis of EC public procurement legislation : present limitations and future prospects." Doctoral thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4623.
Full textNIJSTEN, Machteld. "Abortion, Constitutional Law and Practice: A comparative European-American study." Doctoral thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4728.
Full textHÖS, Nikolett. "Governance and minimum harmonisation in the field of European labour law and social policy." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/16058.
Full textExamining Board: Prof. Marie-Ange Moreau (European University Institute); Prof. Marise Cremona (European University Institute); Prof. Catherine Barnard (University of Cambridge); Prof. Claire Kilpatrick (London School of Economics and Political Science)
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HARBO, Tor-Inge. "The function of proportionality analysis in European law." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/16057.
Full textExamining Board: Prof. Ernst- Ulrich Petersmann (Supervisor), EUI; Prof. Inger-Johanne Sand, University of Oslo; Prof. Christian Joerges, University of Bremen; Prof. Loic Azoulai, EUI.
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The aim of the thesis is to explore the function of proportionality analysis (PA) as a tool of judicial adjudication in European law. In this effort the author analyses in the first part of the thesis the way in which European supra-/international courts, notably the ECJ, the EFTA Court and the Human Rights Court, apply PA. The analysis reveals that PA is a flexible instrument of judicial review. In the second part of the thesis the application of PA by UK and Norwegian courts is discussed. The respective countries´ courts have not traditionally applied PA but various reasonableness tests. The purpose of the investigation is thus to shed comparative light on PA by contrasting it with comparable assessment schemes. To the extent PA is taken on by the two national courts the investigation may display the persuasive nature of PA. The legal dogmatic approaches taken in part one and two of the thesis does only partly help determine the function of PA. A broader approach is needed to this end. In part three of the thesis the author firstly discuss what it means that PA consists of both rationality and reasonableness tests and thereafter whether PA is of a substantial or a procedural nature. Concluding that PA is of a procedural nature - securing a legal safeguard for individuals - it is nevertheless clear that PA implies the strengthening of the judiciary. This leads to an elaboration on the virtues and vices of 'judicial governance'. In this connection it is suggested that the establishment of PA as a (general) principle of law (together with the tri-partial structure) is a way in which courts may attempt to legitimise the extensive judicial power, which lies intrinsic in PA. The author then embarks upon a discussion of the nature and function of principles of law including the rule of law qualities of PA.
Göktepeli, Miyase. "Telecommunications policy and the emerging information society in Turkey : an analysis within the context of the EU's telecom and information society policies." 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/12062.
Full textWIEHE, Reinhard. "Nachmarktkontrolle durch privatrechtlich-indirekte Steuerung : Eine ökonomisch orientierte Betrachtung." Doctoral thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5615.
Full textLOBOCKA-POGUNTKE, Inga. "The evolution of EC consumer protection in the field of consumer credit." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/16061.
Full textExamining Board: Prof. Christian Joerges, University of Bremen (Supervisor); Prof. Hans-Wolfgang Micklitz, EUI; Prof. Luisa Antoniolli, University of Trento; Prof. Geraint Howells, University of Manchester
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Using consumer credit regulation as a case study, this thesis investigates how the specific legislation in this field can be explained by the major streams of economic philosophy. Based on an analysis of the evolution of European consumer credit legislation it is shown how the EU legislator’s approach towards consumer protection has changed and, more importantly, who are the addressees of this legislation. Finally, the thesis discusses how the role of contemporary consumers is conceptualized by European legislators. It can be shown that EU consumer credit regulations are a perfect example for illustrating the wider changes in EU consumer legislation. The thesis addresses the question whether consumer credit legislation is only regulated by economic law or also by social law and hence, whether it has a social dimension in addition to an economic one. Further, it discusses the implications of two competing approaches to consumer regulation, namely a free consumer credit market (neoliberal approach) and one that is characterized by public intervention (social market approach). On the European level, the issue of the character of law which regulates consumer credit has consequences on the legislative competences shared by the EU and member states legislators in this respect. This is inseparable from the question concerning the choice between the minimum or maximum harmonisation approaches. The core argument of this thesis is that all above-mentioned aspects converge into a common focal point in that there is tension between two fundamental goals of the European Community, namely economic efficiency (understood as a competitive market society) and consumer protection (understood as, broadly speaking, a social justice society with its distributive role). The dissertation discusses whether and how these two goals can be reconciled, and which of them actually prevails in the EU consumer credit legislation.
BORZSÁK, Levente. "A Green way out? : or the effects of environmental protection on the public enforcement mechanism." Doctoral thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/23695.
Full textExamining Board: Gráinne de Búrca (EUI Supervisor) ; Bruno de Witte (EUI) ; Jane Holder, University College London ; Sybille Grohs, European commission, DG ENV
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This thesis argues that the present provisions on public enforcement are inadequate for the effective promotion of compliance with Community law and seeks to provide solutions in order to improve them. Article 226 and 228 EC are both cumbersome and lengthy, particularly with regard to environmental protection. In order to reach this conclusion, the thesis reviews the subject of the enforcement procedure, the infringement itself. It gives a definition of compliance and offers reasons why and how Member States comply or fail to comply with Community rules. It analyses the Commission's role in applying the public enforcement mechanism, before it reviews the problems occurring in the application of Article 228, as the “ultima ratio ultimae rationis” in infringement procedures. Although the Commission attempted several times to clarify the application of that Article, there are still open questions. Environment is the field of law which produces the most enforcement problems and if we find solutions to them, we may be able to use the experiences in other sectors, too. After introducing the main approaches promoting compliance, it is argued that more attention needs to be paid to enforcement than to the managerial approach. Reviewing the managerial instruments reveals that they are more powerful when complemented by enforcement means. Consequently, the thesis focuses upon the latter methods, by referring to the case law on Article 228, which demonstrates the success of the public enforcement procedure. The enforcement mechanism, however, is not perfect, thus a variety of solutions is proposed to make it more effective. Along the lines of the amendments introduced in the Treaty of Lisbon, some improvements to these articles are proposed together with a so-called urgency measure, which empowers the Commission to stop – at an early stage – an infringement that might otherwise mean irreparable damage to the environment.
"Regsaspekte van beheer oor banke." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14205.
Full textDREYFUS, Magali. "L'impact du droit communautaire sur les services publics locaux en France et en Italie : le cas des transports publics." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/14519.
Full textMembres du jury : Professeur Jacques Ziller, Institut universitaire européen (Directeur de thèse IUE / extérieur) Professeur Luis Miguel Poiares Maduro, Institut universitaire européen Professeur Gérard Marcou, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne Paris 1 Professeur Guido Corso,Università degli Studi, Roma Tre
First made available online 25 March 2019
Depuis quelques années, l'organisation des services publics locaux connaît dans la plupart des Etats membres de l'Union européenne d'importantes transformations. D’une part, l'organisation administrative des Etats change et les fonctions des collectivités territoriales sont redéfinies. D’autre part, les formes de la gestion des activités d’intérêt général font l'objet de réformes du fait de l'évolution du contexte normatif. Si des dynamiques internes expliquent en partie ces phénomènes, la part que la réception du droit communautaire joue dans ces développements, est significative. De fait, la libéralisation des services publics nationaux étant largement avancée, les institutions communautaires poursuivent désormais l'ouverture des marchés locaux. Les collectivités territoriales ne peuvent donc plus ignorer les règles de la concurrence et de la libre prestation des services. Or l'organisation traditionnelle des services publics locaux n'est pas toujours conforme à ces principes et nécessite des ajustements, voire des réformes drastiques. Il paraît donc utile d'étudier dans quelle mesure le droit communautaire affecte les services publics locaux, dans une perspective matérielle, c'est-à-dire sur le fond des activités, et d'un point de vue institutionnel, c'est-à-dire sur le rôle des collectivités territoriales. Les normes communautaires imposent-elles un modèle unique de gestion des services? La diversité des formes d'organisation locale est-elle prise en compte et respectée comme l'implique le principe de neutralité? L'encadrement réglementaire communautaire n'est-il pas finalement attentatoire à l'autonomie locale? A travers les exemples français et italien et une étude de secteur sur les transports publics de voyageurs, il appert que l'impact du droit communautaire sur les services publics locaux est tout-à-fait considérable. Cependant il ne faut pas négliger l’effet inverse qui s'illustre par la prise en compte par la Cour de justice et la Commission européenne, des pratiques locales et par la promotion en parallèle, dans le droit primaire de l'Union européenne, des services d'intérêt général et des autorités locales.
SCHMIDT-EISENLOHR, Tim. "Trade finance, bank mail-outs and profit taxation in an interconnected world." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/14188.
Full textExamining Board: Prof. Giancarlo Corsetti, EUI, Supervisor; Prof. Andrew Bernard, Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth; Prof. Russell Cooper, EUI; Prof. Jonathan Eaton, New York University
Countries are increasingly linked internationally. The three models developed in this thesis shed light on how firms and governments respond to the increasing interconnectedness of the world economy, analyzing profit taxation, trade finance and government intervention in the event of a contagious banking crisis. They can help understand in how far integration is beneficial or harmful and what optimal policies might be. My first paper, which is joint work with Sebastian Krautheim, is based on the finding that larger firms are more likely to use tax haven operations to exploit international tax differences. We study a tax game between a large country and a tax haven modeling heterogeneous monopolistic firms, which can shift profits abroad. We show that a higher degree of firm heterogeneity increases the degree of tax competition, i.e. it decreases the equilibrium tax rate of the large country, leads to higher out flows of its tax base and thus decreases its equilibrium tax revenue. Similar effects hold for a higher substitutability across varieties. My second paper takes a first step towards building a theory of trade finance. Cross border transactions are conducted using different payment contracts, the usage of which varies across countries and over time. I build a model that can explain this observation and study its implications for international trade. In the model exporters switch between payment contracts optimally, trading of differences in enforcement and efficiency between financial markets in different countries. I find that the ability of firms to switch contracts is key to understand how trade flows respond to variations in financial conditions. Numerical experiments with a two-country version of the model suggest that limiting the choice between payment contracts reduces traded quantities by up to 60 percent. The third paper, which is joint work with Friederike Niepmann, analyzes ex-post intervention by governments in response to international banking crises under different cooperation regimes. Financial institutions are increasingly linked internationally and engaged in cross-border operations. As a result, financial crises and potential bail-outs by governments have important international implications. Extending Allen and Gale (2000) we provide a model of international contagion allowing for bank bail-outs financed by distortionary taxes. We single out inefficiencies due to spillovers, free-riding and limited burden-sharing. When countries are of equal size, an increase in cross-border deposit holdings improves, in general, the non-cooperative outcome. For efficient crisis management, ex-ante fiscal burden sharing is essential as ex-post contracts between governments do not achieve the same global welfare.