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CONSOLO, GIOVANNI. "THE SETTLEMENT OF CROSS-BORDER TAX DISPUTES WITHIN THE EU: WEAKNESSES, OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/259330.
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Il presente lavoro – redatto in lingua inglese – si sviluppa in quattro capitoli e ha ad oggetto lo studio degli strumenti di risoluzione delle controversie fiscali internazionali attivabili nell’ambito dell’Unione Europea, le cui fonti giuridiche di attivazione sono rinvenibili: (a) nelle Convenzioni internazionali per evitare le doppie imposizioni, come “integrate” dalla “Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting” (MLI); (b) nella c.d. “Convenzione arbitrale” n. 90/436/CEE del 23 luglio 1990; (c) nella Direttiva UE n. 1852/2017.
Nel primo capitolo si è tentato di offrire un inquadramento dei tre diversi strumenti di risoluzione delle controversie fiscali internazionali, esaminando alcune questioni di carattere generale.
In particolare, tra le altre cose, si è tentato di vagliare: (i) i complessi problemi che si pongono in relazione ai rapporti tra i diversi strumenti e di valutare se, in seguito all’approvazione della Direttiva UE n. 1852/2017, le controversie fiscali tra Stati Membri dell’Unione Europea potranno ancora essere risolte tramite le procedure prefigurate nelle altre fonti giuridiche di attivazione; (ii) la possibilità di attivare le tre procedure – formalmente strutturate solo per la risoluzione di controversie fiscali bilaterali – anche per la risoluzione di controversie fiscali triangolari o multilaterali; (iii) la possibilità di attivare le tre procedure – formalmente strutturate solo per dirimere controversie già sorte – in funzione preventiva.
Gli strumenti di risoluzione delle controversie fiscali internazionali oggetto di studio prevedono due distinte procedure: la prima è la c.d. “mutual agreement procedure” (“MAP”); la seconda – che è meramente eventuale, potendo essere attivata solo nel caso in cui la controversia non sia risolta durante la MAP – è la c.d. “procedura arbitrale”.
Nei capitoli secondo e terzo si è dunque tentato di confrontare, rispettivamente, le MAPs e le procedure arbitrali regolate nelle diverse fonti giuridiche di attivazione, al fine di valutare quale sia, tra i vari strumenti di risoluzione delle controversie fiscali internazionali attivabili nell’Unione Europea, quello che assicura maggiori garanzie di tutela per i contribuenti. Tale indagine è stata compiuta muovendo dal presupposto che la salvaguardia dei contribuenti, nell’ambito della predette procedure, ruota attorno ad alcuni snodi chiave, quali, ad esempio: (i) l’adeguata ponderazione dei rapporti con i giudizi eventualmente instaurati “in parallelo” avanti agli organi di giustizia interni; (ii) l’esistenza e l’adeguatezza di regole che assicurino il contraddittorio con i contribuenti; (iii) la configurabilità di rimedi giurisdizionali avverso accordi amichevoli e/o lodi arbitrali ritenuti illegittimi. Accanto a tali considerazioni, di carattere strettamente procedurale, si sono, altresì, svolte alcune riflessioni circa: (v) la qualificazione degli accordi amichevoli e dei lodi arbitrali quali forme di esercizio dei poteri di accertamento riservati all’Amministrazione finanziaria; (vi) la compatibilità delle procedure amichevoli e arbitrali con l’articolo 344 del TFUE.
Nel capitolo conclusivo si è tentato di esaminare alcune questioni che si pongono in relazione al coordinamento delle procedure oggetto di indagine con il diritto interno. Ad esempio, si è tentato di: individuare la natura legale degli atti amministrativi interni che danno attuazione ad accordi amichevoli e/o a decisioni arbitrali, nonché di valutarne l’impugnabilità nanti le Commissioni Tributarie; descrivere i rapporti tra le procedure internazionali oggetto di indagine e i giudizi instaurati “in parallelo” davanti agli organi di giustizia interni.On 10 October 2017, the Council adopted the “Directive on Tax Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in the EU” n. 2017/1852/UE. The adoption of this Directive stems from the recent trend, raised within the international tax community following the BEPS actions, to improve the international tax dispute resolution framework and, more in general, from the increasing concerns of the EU institutions with international double taxation. It is, indeed, established that the OECD BEPS actions have stipulated wide-ranging modifications to domestic tax laws and to tax treaties, that could increase legal uncertainty for relevant stakeholders and the risk of double taxation or of taxation not in accordance with Double Taxation Conventions, thus leading to a higher number of disputes between taxpayers and tax authorities. After the approval of the Directive n. 2017/1852, many posed the (enthusiastic) conclusion with regard to this "new" legal measure to be far better than the procedures provided for by the existing DTCs and the EU Arbitration Convention and, thus, to meet its purpose of strengthening the taxpayers legal safeguard within international tax disputes. Throughout this research far more sceptical conclusions will be reached. Precisely, by taking as a landmark the EU Arbitration Directive and by comparing this “brand new” legal instrument with the other existing dispute resolution tools, this research will “test” the efficiency of the overall dispute resolution mechanisms framework and demonstrate that, although the arbitration Directive provides for some clear improvements, many (relevant) bottlenecks of the existing dispute resolution mechanisms have not been completely superseded. The research is structured in four chapters. The first chapter provides for some introductory notions on the existing mechanisms to settle international tax disputes. More specifically, the first chapter will: (i) describe the general functioning and – most importantly – the weaknesses of the mechanisms to settle international disputes that exist alongside the EU Arbitration Directive; (ii) examine how these mechanisms, together with the Directive, can effectively apply for the settlement of transfer pricing disputes; (iii) explore how (and if) these mechanisms can be twisted in order to prevent the rise tax disputes in the first place. Chapters II and III will examine whether (and in which terms) the Directive has strengthened the legal protection of taxpayers through an in-depth comparison of the procedural rules envisioned therein with the procedural rules envisioned under the other existing mechanism. More specifically, given that the Directive, as the other coexisting mechanisms, institutes a two-tier procedure, chapter II and chapter III will address the procedural rules envisioned under the existing dispute resolution tools that govern the functioning, respectively, of the first tier (the so called “mutual agreement procedure”) and of the second tier (the so called “arbitration procedure”). Finally, by taking as a landmark the Italian administrative and judicial tax legal system, chapter IV will address the many and complex issues arising from the interactions of the existing legal instruments to settle international tax disputes with domestic (administrative and judicial) remedies.
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Dreyfuss, Lionel. "Le risque arbitral : arbitrage et justice de l'Etat." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAA012.
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Les parties qui font le choix de l'arbitrage encourent des risques absents de la justice de l'Etat. La comparaison entre ces deux modes de résolution des différends est de nature à mettre en exergue le niveau de ces risques et à permettre leur identification. Du point de vue des garanties offertes au justiciable, il apparaît que l'importance des difficultés auxquelles s'exposent les plaideurs est assez faible. L'arbitrage offre généralement des garanties identiques à celles de la justice de l'Etat. Parfois, celles-ci sont même plus fortes que ce que propose la justice de l'Etat : obligations de transparence et de célérité. En revanche, les menaces pesant sur l'efficacité de la procédure arbitrale sont plus problématiques : l'arbitre bénéficie d'un régime de responsabilité nettement moins favorable que le juge de l'Etat. En outre, les décisions des tribunaux arbitraux ne constituent pas une jurisprudence. Enfin, ces derniers sont dépourvus d'imperium merum. Ils ne disposent pas de la faculté d'apposer la formule exécutoireParties choosing arbitration are facing various risks. They are very different from the difficulties occurring within state justice. Identifying and assessing the level of those risks can be made possible by comparing those two forms of justice. Regarding the procedural guarantees, it appears that the parties are facing risks of a very weak importance. Arbitration is generally providing the same guarantees than state justice. Sometimes, they are even stronger : duty of disclosure, and reasonable time, for instance. However, the threats over the procedural efficiency are raising bigger problems : the arbitrator benefits from a liability regime far less favorable than the state judge. Moreover, arbitral tribunals' decisions do not constitute a case law. At last, arbitrators do not have any imperium merum powers. For instance, they cannot issue orders for the enforcement of their decision
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Petrochilos, Georgios C. "Procedural detachment in international commercial arbitration : the law applicable to arbitral procedure." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:41c82c4d-d708-4cfe-b853-d50e41ea0773.
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This thesis seeks to ascertain the rules of private international law determining the procedural law of international commercial arbitral proceedings. In an Introduction, the author outlines the fundamental notions, introduces the topic and the major doctrines and issues, and sets out his methodology and structure of the work. The thesis examine first, as a preliminary issue, the considerations influencing the assumption of jurisdiction over arbitral proceedings. Chapter 1 discusses the various theories on the lex arbitri (the law supplying the general legal framework of an arbitration) as relevant to the procedural law, and concludes that they are deductive and therefore unable to satisfactorily to determine the applicable procedural law. Chapter 2 analyses major national laws as case-studies of the technique and scope of application of international arbitration law, and suggests a model of legislative and court jurisdiction based on the legal concept of 'seat of the arbitration' and on considerations based on the most appropriate court to control an arbitration. Chapter 3 discusses the obligations of the state of the seat under the European Convention on Human Rights and confirms the findings in Chapter 2. In a second part, the thesis elaborates on the title and extent of permissible municipal law interference. Chapter 4 tests the validity of the propositions derived from Chapters 2 and 3 against arbitral practice and concludes that seldom will arbitrators derogate from the law of the seat. Chapter 5 examines the particular case of arbitrations with states and similar entities. The third part discusses the relevance of compliance with the law of the seat at the stage of enforcement of an award. Chapter 6 deals with the technical issue of whether annulment at the place of making precludes enforcement in other fora. That chapter gives the opportunity to discuss models of separation of international jurisdiction and co-operation between different jurisdictions from a practical perspective. It thus serves as a convenient introduction to Chapter 7, which discusses the more abstract question of the nexus required between an arbitral award and the municipal law of the state of rendition in order for the award to enter, in limine, the scope of application of the international instruments in the field. The thesis ends with Conclusions in the form of model provisions for municipal law and arbitration rules.
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Soltau, Salazar Sebastián. "Procedural effects of bad faith declared in an optional arbitration." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/108801.
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The facultative arbitration in labor matters procedures allows either party of the employment relationship to compel the other to submit their disputes to an arbitral tribunal. One of the application assumptions of the facultative arbitration in labor mattersprocedures when bad faith of a party during the negotiation of the statement is noticed,which should be tested.What happens with the decision of the Arbitral Tribunal which admits the claim and establishes that it has jurisdiction to hear the case? In this article, the author analyzes the procedural effects of this decision, in the light of the doctrine and jurisprudence.El arbitraje potestativo en materia laboral permite que cualquiera de las partes de la relación de trabajo pueda forzar a la otra parte a someter sus diferencias a un Tribunal Arbitral. Uno de los supuestos de procedencia del arbitraje potestativo en materia laboral es que se advierta la mala fe de una de las partes durante la negociación del pliego, lo cual deberá ser probado.Ahora bien, ¿qué ocurre con aquella decisión del Tribunal Arbitral que admite a trámite la demanda y se declara competente para conocer el caso? En el presente artículo, el autor analiza los efectos procesales de esta decisión, a la luz de la doctrina y la jurisprudencia.
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Higa, García Alfonso. "The Arbitration Clauses and the New Labor Procedure Law." Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119111.
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The following article offers a point of view about the arbitraje as an alternate resolution method for workplace conflicts, in this way, a more critical point of view can be developed about the possibility of the arbitraje usage regulated in the “Ley Procesal del Trabajo” which once again has been regulated in the “Nueva Ley Procesal del Trabajo”. For that purpose, the author analyzes the different points of view existing in the doctrine as well as the ones in the jurisprudence about the labour arbitration situation in the “Ley General de Arbitraje”, followed by this, it will be analyzed the regulation contained in the “Nueva Ley Procesal del Trabajo”.El presente artículo nos brinda una visión acerca del uso del arbitraje como método de resolución de conflictos alterno en el ámbito de los conflictos laborales, así, se desarrolla una mirada crítica sobre la posibilidad del uso del arbitraje que se encontraba regulada en la Ley Procesal del Trabajo y que, nuevamente, ha sido regulada en la Nueva Ley Procesal del Trabajo. Para ello, el autor analiza las posiciones existentes tanto en la doctrina como en la jurisprudencia sobre la situación del arbitraje laboral en la Ley General de Arbitraje, luego de lo cual se analizará la regulación contenida en la Nueva Ley Procesal del Trabajo.
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de, la Jara José María, and Julio Olórtegui. "No pain, no gain: nine proposals to improve the future of international arbitration." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2018. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123872.
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The figure of international arbitration is briefly defined as a method of conflict resolution in the international level, alternative to the Administration of Justice, emphasizing its neutrality, speed and confidentiality.This article shows the new challenges faced by arbitrators, in terms of choice, length of process and efficiency in decision making. In addition, it proposes nine solutions to improve arbitration performance and abbreviate the process of taking decisions.La figura del arbitraje internacional, es definida brevemente como un método de resolución de conflictos en el ámbito internacional alternativo a la Administración de Justicia destacando su neutralidad, rapidez y confidencialidad.Este artículo pone de manifiesto los nuevos retos que afrontan los árbitros, en cuanto a la elección, duración del proceso y eficiencia en la toma de decisiones.Además, propone nueve soluciones para mejorar el desempeño arbitral y acortar la emisión de decisiones.
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Chappe, Nathalie. "Analyse economique d'une procedure de resolution des conflits : l'arbitrage." Besançon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BESA0003.
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Un consensus semble s'etre etabli sur la necessite de valoriser les modes alternatifs de resolution des litiges. Nos recherches ont pour ambition une meilleure comprehension et modelisation de l'un d'eux : l'arbitrage. La premiere partie de notre travail examine la procedure d'arbitrage en elle-meme. La seconde partie confronte l'arbitrage a la negociation et/ou au proces. L'arbitrage consiste a faire trancher un litige, en general d'ordre commercial, par des personnes privees nommees par les parties. Il est l'objet de multiples travaux economiques. La question centrale est celle de l'efficacite de la procedure mesuree par le degre de convergence des propositions. Le principal resultat est l'existence d'un effet de glaciation selon lequel les parties sont incitees a formuler des propositions extremes. Un premier travail original reprend la discussion precedente. Il vise a mettre en evidence une regle de decision de l'arbitre qui incite les parties a avoir des pretentions identiques. La regle que nous obtenons implique un comportement systematique de l'arbitre. La seconde partie de cette these renvoie a des problemes traditionnels de l'analyse des conflits. Nous presentons une synthese des travaux abordant la question de l'apparition des jugements. Les deux derniers chapitres sont le resultat d'un travail personnel. Nous construisons une experimentation dans laquelle les parties sont face a l'alternative negociation, arbitrage. Bien que la solution theorique de notre jeu correspond au choix de la negociation, nous observons un nombre important d'arbitrages. Les parties preferent le partage equitable resultant de l'arbitrage au partage inequitable de la negociation. Pour terminer cette these, nous justifions la presence d'une clause compromissoire par son utilisation en tant que signal lors d'une relation client-fournisseur. Son role est similaire a celui des clauses de garantie, de la publicite ou des certificats de qualite.
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Yik, Chung Pang. "Critical assessment of arbitral procedures reform in China." access abstract and table of contents access full-text, 2008. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/dissert.pl?ma-slw-b2345426Xa.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2008."Master of Arts in arbitration and dispute resolution (MAArbDR), LW6409 dissertation." Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on June 1, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
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Montoro, Marcos André Franco. "Flexibilidade do procedimento arbitral." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-16082011-161411/.
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O tema da tese é a flexibilidade do procedimento arbitral, que é estudada à luz da legislação brasileira que rege a arbitragem (Lei 9.307/96). A tese é dividida em quatro partes. A primeira parte trata de alguns conceitos prévios. São analisados aspectos da inter-relação entre arbitragem, jurisdição, direito (material), processo e procedimento. Examina-se a flexibilidade dos procedimentos judiciais, demonstrando-se que os procedimentos brasileiros não são tão rígidos como se afirma, pois existem regras flexibilizando aspectos do sistema. Abordam-se aspectos gerais da arbitragem, como as suas três fases, a autonomia da vontade, cláusula compromissória cheia e vazia, e arbitragem institucional e ad hoc. A segunda parte tem por objeto as duas vertentes da flexibilidade do procedimento arbitral, que é bem maior do que a dos procedimentos judiciais. A primeira vertente da flexibilidade do procedimento arbitral é a possibilidade de criação das regras procedimentais em cada arbitragem, pelas partes, pelo árbitro, pelo órgão institucional arbitral, e pelo juiz estatal. A segunda vertente é a possibilidade de adaptação (modificação) das regras procedimentais de cada arbitragem, por essas mesmas pessoas. A terceira parte estuda as limitações à criação e à adaptação de regras procedimentais na arbitragem. Existem quatro grupos de limites (garantias mínimas, balizas) à criação e adaptação das regras procedimentais na arbitragem. Esses quatro grupos são: (i) bons costumes e ordem pública (art. 2º, § 1º, da Lei 9.307/96); (ii) princípios do contraditório, da igualdade, da imparcialidade e do livre convencimento (art. 21, § 2º, da Lei 9.307/96); (iii) preceitos cogentes da Lei 9.307/96; e (iv) princípios processuais constitucionais. A quarta e última parte abrange as diversas possibilidades de criação e adaptação de regras procedimentais específicas. Examina-se a flexibilidade procedimental para criar ou adaptar regras específicas, entre elas as relacionadas com: a provocação para instituir-se a arbitragem; os arts. 10 e 11 da Lei de 9.307/96; a apresentação das razões pelas partes; a estabilização da demanda; a fase instrutória; a concessão de medidas urgentes; e a sentença arbitral parcial.The object of the thesis is the flexibility of the arbitration proceeding, which is analysed based on the Brazilian arbitration legislation (Law 9.307/96). This thesis has been divided into four parts. The first part refers to some previous concepts. Arbitration, jurisdiction, (material) law, process and proceeding interrelation aspects are analyzed. The flexibility of judicial proceedings is reviewed, showing that the Brazilian proceedings are not as strict as it hás been stated, since there are rules that bend aspects of the system. General arbitration aspects are approached, such as its three phases, autonomy of will, full and empty arbitration clause and institutional and ad hoc arbitration. The second part deals with the two sides of the flexibility in arbitration proceeding, which is greater than that of judicial proceedings. There is, on one side, the possibility of creation of procedural rules in each arbitration, by the parties, by the arbitrator, by the arbitration organization, and by the judge. On the other side, there is the possibility of adaptation (modification) of the procedural rules of each arbitration, by the same people. The third part analyzes the limitations to creation and adaptation of procedural rules in arbitration. There are four groups of limits (minimal guarantees, references) to the creation and adaptation of procedural rules in arbitration. These four groups are: (i) good moral conduct and public policy (article 2, first paragraph, of Law 9.307/96); (ii) reasonable opportunity to present its case, equality, impartiality and judicial discretion principles (article 21, second paragraph, of Law 9.307/96); (iii) mandatory provisions of Law 9.307/96; and (iv) constitutional procedural principles. The fourth and last part encompasses the several possibilities of creation and adaptation of specific procedural rules. The procedural flexibility to create or adapt specific rules is analyzed, especially in association with: provocation to implement arbitration; articles 10 and 11 of Law 9.307/96; presentation of the allegations of the parties; claim stabilization; evidenciary phase; concession of urgent measures; and partial arbitration award.
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Galanti, Lucilla <1987>. "Arbitrato e procedure concorsuali alla luce delle recenti riforme." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/8227/1/Galanti%20Lucilla%20tesi.pdf.
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La tesi di dottorato si propone di analizzare i rapporti processuali intercorrenti tra arbitrato e procedure concorsuali (in particolare, fallimento e concordato preventivo) alla luce delle recenti riforme intervenute in materia, senza trascurare una prospettiva comparativa.The dissertation focuses on the relationships between arbitration and insolvency proceedings (particularly, bankruptcy and arrangements with creditors) in the light of the recent legislation on the matter, in a procedural and comparative perspective.
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Rejanovinschi, Talledo Moisés. "Dilemmas to consume justice: some scopes of procedural protection of the consumer administrative procedure and consumer arbitration." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116133.
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This paper argues that the consumer should choose the procedural mechanism that satisfies their need to resolve a dispute and being compensated. Also, the administration, in order to defend rights of consumers, must have the authority to prefer the Constitution through diffuse constitutional control.El presente documento plantea que el consumidor debe escoger el mecanismo procesal que pueda satisfacer de mejor manera su necesidad de resolver una controversia y de ser indemnizado. Asimismo, la administración, en defensa de los derechos de los consumidores, debe contar con facultades para preferir la Constitución mediante el control difuso.
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Nunes, Soraya Vieira. "Tutelas de urgências no processo arbitral." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2013. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=917.
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O presente trabalho dissertativo se propõe à análise da apreciação das tutelas de urgência em sede de arbitragem, nas fases antecedente e incidental. Para tanto, busca-se o estudo da competência do árbitro para decidir as medidas cautelares e antecipatórias, antes e depois de instalado o processo arbitral, à luz da Lei de Arbitragem, do Código de Processo Civil atual, dos regulamentos das Câmaras Arbitrais, do resultado da pesquisa realizada entre a Escola de Direito de São Paulo da Fundação Getúlio Vargas e o Comitê Brasileiro de Arbitragem, da doutrina, da jurisprudência e do Projeto de Reforma do Código de Processo Civil. Embora identificadas interpretações divergentes na doutrina acerca do poder do árbitro de conceder e julgar as medidas de urgência, em razão da previsão do Art. 22, 4 da Lei n 9.307/96, observa-se o entendimento majoritário de que o árbitro detém o referido poder, ante a autonomia da vontade das partes. Quanto às cautelares pré-arbitrais, encontra-se o judiciário revestido do poder de decisão, enquanto não seja instaurado o processo arbitral, exceto quando as partes atribuam ao árbitro a decisão, através de previsão na Convenção Arbitral ou no Regulamento da Câmara escolhida por elas para administrar o processo arbitral. Evidencia-se na doutrina, bem como na jurisprudência, o entendimento acerca da soberania do árbitro para manter ou rejeitar as cautelares apreciadas judicialmente, em sede de sentença arbitral. Em razão da ausência do poder coercitivo do árbitro, identifica-se a cooperação do judiciário para dar cumprimento às decisões arbitrais acautelatórias ou antecipatórias, não cumpridas voluntariamente pelas partes, a fim de assegurar a efetividade da tutela jurisdicional.This dissertative paper proposes the analysis of the appreciation of the guardianships of urgency in seat of the arbitration, in the preceding and incidental phases. With this goal, the paper seeks to study the competence of the arbitrator to decide the precautionary and anticipatory measures, before and after the installation of the arbitral proceedings, in light of the Arbitration Act, of the current Civil Procedure Code, of the regulations from the Arbitration Chambers, of the result of the research undertaken between the Law School of São Paulo from the Getúlio Vargas Fundation and the Brazilian Arbitration Committee, of the doctrine, the jurisprudence and of the Reform Project of the Civil Procedure Code. Although divergent interpretations were identified in the doctrine about the power of the arbitrator to grant and judge the emergency measures, due to the prevision of Article 22, 4 of Law No. 9.307/96, there is the prevailing understanding that the arbitrator holds the referred power against the autonomy of the parties. Regarding the pre-arbitration precautionaries, the judiciary is vested with the power of decision, while not initiated the arbitration proceedings, except when the parties impute the arbitrator with the decision, through the prevision in the Arbitral Convention or in the Arbitration Rules of the Chamber chosen by them to administer the arbitration. It is evident in the doctrine, as well as in the jurisprudence, the understanding about the sovereignty of the arbitrator to keep or reject judicially the precautionary measures considered, in seat of the arbitration award. Due to the absence of coercive power of the arbitrator, it is identified the cooperation of the judiciary to comply with precautionary and anticipatory arbitration awards, not met voluntarily by the parties, to ensure the effectiveness of the jurisdictional protection.
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Sanchez, Guilherme Cardoso. "Sentenças parciais no processo arbitral." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-09112016-144207/.
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O presente trabalho versa sobre a sentença parcial no processo arbitral. Seu tema inicial é a demonstração da existência de um processo arbitral, de natureza jurisdicional, no curso do qual o julgamento do mérito pode ser fracionado em diferentes momentos, por meio da prolação de mais de uma sentença, sendo aquela proferida no ínterim --- e não pondo fim a toda a lide --- denominada sentença arbitral parcial. Conceituamos esse tipo de sentença como o ato pelo qual o árbitro define parcialmente a causa, com ou sem julgamento do mérito. A partir desse conceito, são analisadas diversas categorias de decisão, tais como as sentenças finais, decisões referentes à definição da jurisdição do árbitro, decisões interlocutórias, e decisões de caráter provisório. Também são analisados os requisitos de admissibilidade das sentenças parciais, bem como as situações em que a cisão do julgamento do mérito é ou não é recomendável, tendo em vista critérios de efetividade do processo e de eficiência, em termos de tempo e recursos. Com base nesses critérios, são analisadas algumas hipóteses típicas de sentenças parciais. Trata-se, ademais, da problemática envolvendo a execução e a invalidação das sentenças arbitrais parciais, com vistas às possíveis consequências da anulação de sentenças parciais e dos eventuais efeitos que a invalidação de sentenças finais pode provocar nas sentenças parciais --- e vice versa --- e em procedimentos arbitrais que estiverem em curso. Por fim, o trabalho versa a respeito das especificidades da homologação no Brasil das sentenças arbitrais parciais estrangeiras.This paper addresses the partial award in the arbitration procedure. Its starting point consists of the existence of an arbitration procedure of jurisdictional nature, during which the judgment of the merits can be divided in different moments, by way of the rendering of more than one award, being the one rendered in the middle of the procedure --- and not concluding the entire conflict --- called partial arbitral awards. Such type of award can be defined as the act by which the arbitrator decides the dispute partially, with or without resolving the merits. Based on such concept, various categories of decisions will be examined such as final awards, awards on the arbitral jurisdiction, interlocutory awards and interim awards. Additionally, the legal requirements for partial awards to be rendered will be examined, as well as the situations in which the parceling of the judgment of the merits is or is not recommended aiming at the effectiveness of the procedure and efficiency in terms of time and resources. Based on such criteria, this paper will analyze the most common cases in which partial awards are rendered. Moreover, this paper deals with the problems involving the enforcement and the setting aside of partial arbitral awards aiming at analyzing the possible consequences of the nullification of partial awards and also the possible effects over partial awards that the voidance of final awards --- and vice versa --- may cause. Finally, the paper deals with the particulars of the recognition in Brazil of foreign partial arbitral awards.
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Mange, Flavia Fóz. "Processo arbitral transnacional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2135/tde-16052013-134325/.
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Esta tese analisa as normas processuais aplicáveis à arbitragem. O reconhecimento da prevalência da autonomia da vontade das partes e, subsidiariamente, dos árbitros para estabelecer regras para condução do procedimento arbitral, afastou a aplicação das regras processuais do local da realização da arbitragem. A ausência de uma lei processual de regência ou da aplicação mandatória das regras processuais da lex fori possibilitou, por um lado, a harmonização da prática processual arbitral e, por outro lado, embates recorrentes sobre a forma adequada para a condução do procedimento. A ausência de uma lei de regência não significa que o processo arbitral possa ser discricionário. Existe uma pluralidade de fontes normativas que influenciam a tomada de decisão processual nas arbitragens. Propõe-se a análise destas fontes normativas à luz do direito transnacional. O método transnacional adotado inclui normas nacionais e internacionais, bem como outras fontes normativas que não se enquadram tipicamente em uma categoria tradicional, admitindo que o quadro regulatório do processo arbitral seja formado por uma confluência de fontes que operam em ordens jurídicas e planos normativos diversos. Diante dessa pluralidade de fontes normativas, defende-se a necessidade de maior normatização in concreto, incentivando que as partes e os árbitros realizem uma conferência preliminar para definir a melhor forma de conduzir o procedimento em cada arbitragem.This thesis analyzes the procedural rules that apply to arbitration. The recognition that the parties and, subsidiarily, the arbitrators are free to establish the rules for conducting the arbitral proceedings has prevented the procedural rules of the place where the arbitration is held from being applied. The absence of a governing procedural law or the mandatory application of the procedural rules of the lex fori has, on the one hand, made the harmonization of arbitration procedure possible and, on the other, led to recurrent conflicts regarding the appropriate way to conduct an arbitration. The absence of a governing law does not mean that the arbitration procedure could be discretionary. The existence of a plurality of normative sources that influence procedural decision-making in arbitration is verified. The analysis of these normative sources in light of transnational law is proposed. The transnational method adopted includes domestic and international rules, as well as other normative sources that do not typically fit in a traditional category, allowing the regulatory framework of an arbitration proceeding to be formed by a confluence of sources that operate in different legal systems and on various normative planes. In light of this plurality of normative sources, the need for more active case management and rule-making is defended, encouraging the parties and the arbitrators to hold a preliminary conference to determine the best method for conducting the arbitration in each arbitration proceeding.
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Mejlerö, Anna. "International Arbitral Awards : A Study of Enforcement in China." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Commercial Law, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-115.
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The increase in international trade creates a growing number of disputes between parties from different countries. International arbitration is the most preferred mechanism to solve disputes in international trade. If the failing party does not voluntarily comply with the award, the successful party must apply for recognition and enforcement of the award in order to obtain the remedies. Since China is one of the major business markets in the world, several of the companies committed to arbitral procedures are likely to have assets in China. This means that, if a party fails to honour an award, an enforcement procedure may begin within a Chinese court. The enforcement procedures in China are said to be insufficient and not to comply with international standards. International conventions and treaties provide for a high level of security in the recognition and enforcement procedure of the arbitral award. The most used and important instrument for recognition and enforcement is the United Nations Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards of 1958, to which China as well as Sweden are Contracting States. According to the Convention, an international arbitral award may only be refused under certain grounds laid down in the Convention. An analysis of the legal situation in China confirms that there are problems associated with the enforcement of arbitral awards. These problems are not, however, connected with the concept of international arbitral awards, but rather with the entire judicial system in China. Even though an enforcing party can do little to overcome these problems, certain measures can be taken in order to ease the enforcement procedure.
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朱依蒓. "論在仲裁程序中對 "超裁" 裁決的避免 =Study on avoiding of the arbitral tribunal ultra vires during the arbitral procedure." Thesis, University of Macau, 2016. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3570002.
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Junqueira, Gabriel Luiz Herscovici. "Arbitragem brasileira na era da informática: um estudo das principais questões processuais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-11022015-144147/.
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Esta dissertação almeja contemporizar o estudo da arbitragem com as novidades tecnológicas advindas dos avanços constantes da informática. A dissertação é dividida em oito capítulos, sendo cada um excetuados o introdutório e o conclusivo dedicado a enfrentar uma questão relativa ao campo de estudo selecionado. Os temas abordados são: (i) Convenção arbitral eletrônica; (ii) Sede da arbitragem virtual; (iii) Questões jurídicas advindas de um procedimento informatizado; (iv) O documento eletrônico como fonte de prova; (v) O computador como perito ou expert witness; e (vi) A sentença arbitral eletrônica. Na conclusão final é salientada a compatibilidade das novas tecnologias com a arbitragem, recomendando-se, no entanto, uma adaptação cultural dos usuários da arbitragem e das normas que regem esse meio de solução de controvérsias.This dissertation seeks to bring the study of arbitration up to speed with the constant innovations that take place in the realm of computer technology. The dissertation is split into eight chapters with each chapter, short of the first and last, dedicated to handling a question related to the field of study. The topics analyzed herein are: (i) Electronic arbitral clause; (ii) Seat of the virtual arbitration; (iii) Judicial quandaries resulting from high-tech procedures; (iv) The e-document as a source of evidence; (v) The computer as a judicial assistant or expert witness; and (vi) The electronic arbitral award. In the final conclusion emphasis is given to the compatibility between these novel technologies and arbitration, despite an adaptation of both the cultural and legal background that permeate this method of dispute resolution being recommendable.
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Wladeck, Felipe Scripes. "Meios de controle judicial da sentença arbitral nacional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-08092016-162943/.
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Conforme a Lei n.º 9.307, de 23 de setembro de 1996, as sentenças arbitrais nacionais produzem os mesmos efeitos das sentenças judiciais, independentemente de homologação. A despeito disso, elas se encontram sujeitas ao controle do Poder Judiciário. A Lei de Arbitragem disciplina os limites e meios para a impugnação judicial das sentenças arbitrais nacionais basicamente em dois dispositivos, os arts. 32 e 33. Optou-se por um regramento bastante sucinto, mas que é suficiente para resolver as situações práticas que podem se verificar quando uma sentença arbitral é impugnada. Compreendido que a arbitragem é processo de origem convencional (privada) e que por força daquelas e outras regras, como os arts. 17, 18, 20, § 2º, e 31 ela se insere no círculo da teoria geral do processo (aplicando-se-lhe, por conseguinte, os respectivos princípios e conceitos) e se sujeita aos ditames essenciais do devido processo legal, torna-se possível, a partir das técnicas interpretativas existentes, chegar a soluções para as diversas questões envolvendo o controle judicial das sentenças arbitrais nacionais das quais a Lei n.º 9.307 não tratou expressamente ou de que tratou de forma imprecisa.According to Law n.o 9.307, which came into effect in September 23rd, 1996, domestic arbitral awards have the same effect on the parties as a ruling by a State Court, without the need for judicial confirmation. The Brazilian Arbitration Act regulates the limits and means for the judicial challenge of domestic arbitral awards in, essentialy, two articles, art. 32 and 33. The Act opted for brief rules on the issue, but they are sufficient to resolve the practical situations that may arise when an arbitral award is challenged. Understanding that arbitration is a process of conventional origin (private) and that due to those as well as other rules, such as articles 17, 18, 20, paragraph 2, and 31 it is contained in the field of general procedural theory (so that, consequently, the same principles and concepts are applicable) and is subject to the essential dictates of due legal process, it becomes possible, due to existing techniques of interpretation, to develop solutions to the many issues involving the judicial control of domestic arbitral awards that Law n.o 9.307 either did not expressly regulate or regulated imprecisely.
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Cracken, Roberto Nussinkis Mac. "Arbitragem no investimento estrangeiro: segurança jurídica." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2014. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6646.
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Previous issue date: 2014-11-10Arbitration is a dispute resolution method resulting from the will of the parties with full civil capability that rather settle their conflict by submitting it to another private individual, elected by them, so they can avoid the bureaucracy established by the State courts. Its creation, according to the doctrine, stems from ancient times, including its application in ancient Rome. This work will address all developments related to arbitration, more specifically in a national dimension with regards to the increasing use of arbitration. It aims at drawing new investments with the appropriate legal certainty, as well as at its materialization through a contractual instrument. It will also be analyzed the extent of the arbitration effects and its binding manner, the arbitration procedure established by ordinary legislation, and its application as an "alternative means" of dispute resolution in international relations. In brief, the main purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate the advantages that arbitration may bring, which can be translated into effective benefits that will be specifically analyzed in this study, in a way that may demonstrate a higher level of legal certainty and, consequently, a greater and better possibility of foreign investments
A arbitragem é uma forma de solução de conflitos que nasce da vontade de particulares, com capacidade civil plena, que preferem que a pacificação de sua contenda seja realizada por outro particular, por eles eleitos, de modo a afastar a burocracia fixada pela jurisdição estatal. A sua criação, segundo a doutrina, decorre de tempos remotos, inclusive com sua aplicação na Roma antiga. Serão abordados neste trabalho desdobramentos relacionados à arbitragem, especificamente no plano nacional, no que se refere à ampliação de sua utilização, visando atrair novos investimentos, com a adequada segurança jurídica, bem como sua materialização por meio de um instrumento contratual. Analisar-se-ão, também, a extensão dos efeitos da arbitragem e sua forma de vinculação, o procedimento arbitral estabelecido pela legislação ordinária, bem como sua aplicação como forma de meio alternativo de solução de conflitos nas relações internacionais. O principal objetivo da presente tese, em síntese, é demonstrar as vantagens que a arbitragem pode trazer, traduzindo-se em efetivos benefícios, que serão detalhados no transcorrer deste estudo, demonstrando um melhor patamar de segurança jurídica e, em consequência, maior e melhor possibilidade de investimentos estrangeiros
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Shigeta, Y. "Standard setting, compliance control and the development of international environmental law through the practice of international arbitral, judicial and quasi-judicial procedures." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446112/.
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Although the main purpose of the international judiciary (covering international arbitral, judicial and quasi-judicial procedures) is to settle disputes, it can also perform other tasks: a concept described by Lauterpacht as 'a heterogeny of aims'. This thesis focuses on three other functions which the international judiciary is expected to fulfil in the international society lacking a centralized legislative body and sufficient law enforcement mechanisms, namely standard setting, compliance control and law development. The field of international environmental law is highly suitable for this study, on account of: 1) an abundance of ambiguous rules which demand clear standards for their practical application 2) scientific uncertainty, rapid changeability of situations and non-compliance derived from incapability of States, all of which need special considerations for compliance control and 3) newness of global environmental concern, which necessitates a substantial degree of law development. The above three functions are analyzed from the perspectives of inter-State relations and State-individual relations, on the one hand, and 'soft' control and 'hard' control, on the other. They are integrated into the concept of 'judicial control', whose main purpose lies in containing deviance within acceptable levels through adjudicative means. Several reforms are proposed to facilitate the improved functioning of international environment law through 'judicial control'. The most important in this context is that the international judiciary should ensure active but harmonized interaction of inner-regime law and outer-regime law. Thus even if the international judiciary is attached to a certain treaty-regime, it can make considerable use of the advantages of 'judicial control' over 'non-judicial control', namely its capacity to control States' compliance with outer-regime law, and to clarify a certain norm's meaning for all States in the international society.
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Pernet, Martial. "Le siège de l' arbitrage international : étude d’une autonomisation." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCF013.
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En matière internationale, le tribunal arbitral n’a d’autre choix que de se fixer sur le territoire d’un État afin de rendre sa sentence. Le choix de cet « État hôte » emporterait alors fixation du siège de l’arbitrage international. Mais quel choix faire ? Comment ? Par qui ? Que faire en cas d’incertitude dans ce choix ? Quels effets cette fixation aura-t-elle ensuite lors de la création du tribunal, du rendu et de l’exécution de sa sentence, ou encore du choix des lois applicables ? Il n’est pas une réponse unique à ces simples questions. Pour cause, le droit de l’arbitrage international accorde une importance variable à la notion de siège. En ce sens, elle dépendra principalement de la vision que l’on a de la place et de la source de l’arbitrage vis-à-vis de la justice étatique. C’est par l’étude des différents courants de pensée philosophique, retenus par l’un ou l’autre des courants doctrinaux, qu’il sera possible d’expliquer les différentes représentations qui existent au sein de la communauté juridique internationale de la notion du «siège de l’arbitrage». Aussi, ce manuscrit amène-t-il in fine à de profonds questionnements sur la source de la juridicité d’une sentence arbitrale internationale. Plus l’on considèrera que la sentence puise sa source dans l’ordonnancement juridique de l’État dans lequel se situe le tribunal, plus l’on verra l’arbitrage et l’arbitre faire partie intégrante de cet ordonnancement, et plus alors le droit du siège aura de prise sur le déroulement du processus arbitral, l’organisation du tribunal et la vie de la sentence. Ainsi, après l’étude des différentes conceptions philosophiques de l’arbitrage puis des représentations du siège s’y rattachant – étude au passage de laquelle il sera constaté une révolution de la théorie dominante, passant d’un modèle territorial à un modèle délocalisé (évolution qui sera perceptible à travers une analyse comparée des lois d’arbitrage de différents pays) – une analyse des conséquences résultant d’un impact plus ou moins fort de ce siège sur le processus arbitral amènera à un constat flagrant. Quelle que soit la théorie du siège de l’arbitrage envisagée, ce dernier fait l’objet d’un net recul dans sa prise en compte de l’application de ses lois de procédure ou de fond.Néanmoins, bien que régulièrement battue en brèche par la doctrine internationale, la notion de siège n’en demeure pas moins persistante. Ce constat sera particulièrement marqué lors de la recherche de l’actuelle utilité du siège dans sa mission d’assistance au tribunal arbitral (c-à-d : appel au juge d’appui). Seulement, les visions des États sur l’arbitrage n’étant pas identiques, une analyse des lois et de la pratique arbitrale de certains pays amènera à douter de la répartition actuelle du contrôle des sentences opérées par la Convention de New York de 1958 entre le pays du siège et les pays d’accueil de l’arbitrage. L’interprétation de cette Convention conduit en effet à être actuellement le prétexte d’un affrontement indirect des visions de l’arbitrage international des États, sur l’importance du concept du siège de l’arbitrage international. L’actualité de cette question interrogera alors de manière légitime la pertinence actuelle de la notion du siège arbitral comme élément clé d’une lecture de l’arbitrage internationalIn international matters, the arbitral tribunal has no choice but to settle in the territory of a State in order to render its award. The choice of this "host State" would then determine the seat of international arbitration. But what choice do we make? How? By whom ? What to do in case of uncertainty of this choice? What effects will this determination then have in creating the tribunal, in rendering and enforcing its award, or in choosing the applicable laws? There is no single answer to these simple questions. Indeed, international arbitration law attaches varying importance to the notion of seat, in the sense that it will depend primarily on one's vision of the place and source of arbitration in relation to state justice. It is through the study of various philosophical thoughts, used by different academic point of views, that it will prove possible to explain the diversified representations that exist within the international legal community of the notion of "arbitration seat". Thus, this manuscript raises complex questions about the source of the juridicity of an international arbitral award. Indeed, the more the award is considered to have its source in the legal order of the State in which the tribunal is located, the more arbitration and arbitrators will be seen to be an integral part of that order, and more the law of the seat will have influence on the conduct of the arbitral process, the organization of the tribunal and the award. Therefore, after the study of the different philosophical conceptions of arbitration and the representations of the seat attached to it - a study in which it will be noted a revolution of the dominant theory, passing from a territorial model to a delocalized model (evolution which will be perceptible through a comparative analysis of the laws of arbitration countries) - an analysis of the consequences resulting from a more or less strong impact of this seat on the arbitral process will lead to a clear observation. Whatever the theory of the seat of the arbitration considered, it can be seen a decline in of the application of its procedural or substantive laws.Nevertheless, although the concept of the seat is regularly demolished by international doctrine, it remains persistent. This observation will be particularly obvious during the study of the current utility of the seat in its support to the arbitral tribunal (i.e. help of the juge d’appui). However, since States' views on arbitration are not identical, a survey of the laws and arbitration practice in a number of countries raises doubts about the current distribution of the control of awards under the 1958 New York Convention between the country of the seat and the other countries. The interpretation of this Convention is indeed a pretext for an indirect confrontation of the visions of international arbitration by States, through the concept of the seat of international arbitration. The topicality of this question will then legitimately interrogate the current relevance of the notion of the arbitral seat as a key element of international arbitration
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De, la Flor Puccinelli Nicolas. "Consolidation and suspension: procedural mechanisms for party arbitration and multiple contracts." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2018. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123851.
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The commercial operations of the modern world are complex and often present a series of equally sophisticated disputes. The old contractual models and their remedies are not sufficient to cover the current dynamics, this is the case of related operations that require efficient tools for their solution.In this context, the author develops a series of techniques or mechanisms for the efficient and effective solution of the identified problems, consolidation and suspension. It proposes that these mechanisms respond to the contractual mechanics of the current trade, which involves a series of intricate and related relationships, grouping in a single process the solution of the controversy.Likewise, the advantages and elements required by these mechanisms to operate will be analyzed.Las operaciones comerciales del mundo moderno son complejas y presentan, muchas veces, una serie de controversias igualmente sofisticadas. Los viejos modelos contractuales y sus remedios no son suficientes para abarcar la dinámica actual, este es el caso de operaciones conexas que requieren herramientas eficientes para su solución.En ese contexto, el autor desarrolla una serie de técnicas o mecanismos para la solución eficiente y eficaz de las problemáticas señaladas, la consolidación y suspensión. Propone que dichos mecanismos respondan a la mecánica contractual del comercio actual, la que implica una serie de relaciones intrincadas y conexas, agrupando en un solo proceso la solución de la controversia. Asimismo, se analizarán las ventajas y elementos que requieren dichos mecanismos para operar.
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Alias, Aymeric. "La société plaideur : plaidoyer pour la reconnaissance d'un droit commun du contentieux sociétaire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1026.
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L'accès d'une société à un prétoire est source de nombreuses problématiques procédurales. Cela étant, ces dernières n'étant pas suffisamment considérées par le législateur ou idéalement compilées au sein d'une codification spécifique, elles demeurent la cause de légitimes tourments pratiques. Les interrogations sont alors nombreuses : elles portent sur les droits susceptibles d’être invoqués devant le juge, par ou contre la société, sa capacité à jouir de l'action en justice, le pouvoir ou la qualité de ceux qui prétendent être à même de l’incarner à la barre ; la juridiction compétente pour connaître du litige qui l'intéresse ; la gestion du temps procédural en adéquation avec le rythme de la vie sociale ; l’élaboration et la communication des actes de procédure établis en son nom ou à son intention ; la garantie d'exécution des décisions rendues en sa présence. Le risque appréhendé est l’échec procédural. À l’origine de la difficulté : toute l'ambiguïté existentielle et fonctionnelle de ce justiciable atypique qu'est la société. L’on aurait pu a priori douter que le droit procédural parvienne à s’adapter aux singularités du justiciable sociétaire. Il suffisait, pour laisser place à quelques humbles mais utiles certitudes en la matière, de procéder à un rassemblement cohérent de tout ce qui constitue la substance du droit procédural sociétaire, suivant un axe de lecture le rendant compréhensible. Et c'est ce que s'efforce de réaliser la présente thèse, au gré des difficultés pratiques qu'elle traite et auxquelles elle suggère les solutions susceptibles de convenirGoing to court for a company involves many procedural issues. Since those issues are not sufficiently taken into account by legislators or ideally part of a compilation within a specific form of codification, they may be held responsible for inevitable practical difficulties. Many questions arise : concerning rights likely to be brought up before a judge by a company or against a company ; its ability to benefit from an action ; the power or quality of those who claim to represent the company before a judge, the competence of a court to hear the case at hand ; managing procedural time in line with the pace of corporate life ; drafting and communicating the procedural acts issued in the company’s name or for the company ; ensuring the court rulings taken in the company’s presence be enforced. The obvious risk is procedural failure. The difficulty stems from the existential and functional ambiguities of this a-typical company. At first sight, procedural does not seem to be able to adapt to the nature of the claimant company. In order to leave room for some humble but useful certainties in this area, one must coherently gather all that constitutes the substance of companies’ procedural law, based on an interpretation that will make it understandable. That is the aim of the present dissertation while dealing with practical difficulties and suggesting suitable solutions. “The Claimant Company” is a plea for the recognition of the governing law in disputes between companies, which deserves to be part and parcel of the many implications of jurisprudence
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Bachand, Frédéric. "L'intervention du juge canadien avant et durant un arbitrage commercial international." Thèse, Paris 2, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2438.
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Cette thèse précise les conditions dans lesquelles les tribunaux judiciaires canadiens
peuvent intervenir avant ou durant un arbitrage commercial international, soit afin d'y
prêter assistance, soit afin d'en contrôler la légalité. Elle soumet également ces
conditions à l'analyse critique, dans le but d'esquisser une théorie générale de
l'intervention avant et durant un arbitrage commercial international des juges oeuvrant
dans les États qui ont choisi d'accorder leur concours à la justice arbitrale
internationale. Principalement, cette théorie repose sur l'idée selon laquelle
l'intervention judiciaire survenant avant le prononcé de la sentence ne doit - à quelques
exceptions près - servir que les intérêts des opérateurs du commerce international, les
intérêts publics prépondérants ne devant être pris en compte que dans l'élaboration des
conditions de l'intervention judiciaire survenant après le prononcé de la sentence. De
cette idée directrice découlent deux conséquences majeures. D'abord, les ordres
juridiques des États qui accordent leur concours à la justice arbitrale internationale
doivent être perméables à des faits normatifs transnationaux qui s'intéressent à
l'intervention judiciaire avant et durant un arbitrage commercial international, car
l'adoption d'une loi ayant vocation à régir spécialement l'arbitrage commercial
international ne peut jamais - à elle seule - assurer que les tribunaux judiciaires agiront
de manière pleinement satisfaisante. Ensuite, les conditions de cette intervention doivent
surtout avoir pour objectif d'accroître l'efficacité - envisagée du point de vue des
opérateurs du commerce international - de ce système de justice internationale.This thesis sets out the conditions under which Canadian courts can intervene prior to and during an international commercial arbitration, either to assist the arbitral process or to control its legality. These conditions are also analyzed in a critical manner, with a view to elaborating a general theory of judicial intervention prior to and during an international commercial arbitration in States that have chosen to support international arbitral justice. This theory essentially rests on the idea that judicial intervention occurring before the rendering of the award must almost entirely be geared towards satisfying the interests of international business operators, as superior public interests need only be reflected in the conditions under which courts may intervene after an award has been rendered. Two major consequences flow from this idea. Firstly, the legal orders of States that have chosen to support international arbitral justice must be permeable to transnational normative facts which relate to judicial intervention prior to and during an international commercial arbitration, as the adoption of legislation dealing specifically with international commercial arbitration can never - in itself - ensure that courts will act in a fully satisfactory manner. Secondly, the conditions of such intervention must essentially be aimed at increasing the efficiency - assessed from the point of view of international business operators - of this system of international justice.
"Thèse présentée à la Faculté des études supérieures de l'Université de Montréal en vue de l'obtention du grade de Docteur en droit (LL.D.) et à l'Université Panthéon-Assas (Paris II) Droit-économie-Sciences Sociales en vue de l'obtention du grade de Docteur en droit (Arrêté du 30 mars 1992 modifié par l'arrêté du 25 avril 2002)"
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Rejanovinschi, Talledo Moisés. "Consumer protection and State proposal in private self-regulation and administrative procedures: an initial approach." IUS ET VERITAS, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122805.
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Are State proposals on private self-regulation and administrative procedures on consumption adequate? The present papper analyzes the challenges of its application, providing a final reflection on the complaints in social networks.¿Son adecuadas las propuestas Estatales sobre autorregulación privada y procedimientos administrativos en materia de consumo? El presente artículo analiza los retos de su aplicación brindando una reflexión final acerca de los reclamos en redes sociales.
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Mouallem, Ziad. "Le principe du contradictoire, cause de contrôle étatique des sentences arbitrales internationales." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020030.
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Le principe du contradictoire post-arbitral en matière d’arbitrage international est établi dans la majorité des systèmes juridiques. Toutefois, les décisions des juges étatiques montrent que l’adhésion générale à ce concept masque d’importantes différences concernant sa portée et son application. Cette thèse ne vise point à établir une description théorique du contenu du principe, elle propose une analyse qualitative, dont l’objectif essentiel est la vérification de son individualité, et non le fait qu’il est une simple application du principe civiliste classique. Loin de constater l’adoption définitive d’un concept arbitral autonome, la solution retenue démontre l’opportunité et, donc, le besoin de sa légitimation, ayant un impact direct sur la circulation des sentences arbitrales internationales. En fin de compte, hors de tout encadrement statique, il y a lieu de détecter, à travers la progression de l’étude, une évolution logique et une activité d’apurement au niveau du droit comparé. Cette évolution, d’un principe classique vers un concept arbitral international, à lecture contractuelle et non-statutaire, contenant une règle d’égalité, puis vers un outil technique en état de disparition, ne peut que dévoiler la période d’agonie dans laquelle se place le concept en cause. Cet aboutissement ne contribue pas seulement à souligner les errements conceptuels préjudiciables en jurisprudence comparée, il concourt également à marquer l’un des traits les plus émancipatoires du processus arbitral international. Dans cette optique, une telle conjoncture participerait à l’accélération de la privatisation de la justice arbitrale internationaleThe post-arbitral adversarial principle in international arbitration is established in most legal systems. However, decisions of state judges show that general support for this concept masks significant differences in terms of its scope and application. This thesis does not aim to outline a theoretical description of the principle’s content ; it provides a qualitative analysis, the main objective of which is to ascertain its individuality, and not the fact that it is a mere application of the classic civil principle. Far from establishing the definitive adoption of an autonomous arbitral concept, the solution demonstrates the appropriateness and, therefore, the need for its legitimation, and has a direct impact on the movement of international arbitral awards. Ultimately, beyond any static framework, through the progress of the study, a logical development and regularisation activity with respect to comparative law should be detected. This development, from a classical principle to an international arbitration concept, to a contractual and non-statutory reading, containing a rule of equality, and thereafter to a technical tool which is disappearing, can only reveal the death throes in which the concept in question finds itself in. This outcome not only serves to highlight the detrimental conceptual errors in comparative case law, it also helps to mark one of the most emancipatory features of the international arbitration process. In this respect, such a situation would contribute to the accelerated privatisation of international arbitration proceedings
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Edaemi, Faraj. "Le facteur temps dans la médiation : étude comparée." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCB002.
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La médiation est devenue un moyen privilégié pour régler des nombreux conflits, notamment ceux en rapport avec le commerce, et plus particulièrement avec le commerce international. Sur le plan national, les parties en conflit préfèrent souvent ce moyen pour régler leur conflit à chaque fois que la loi ne s’y oppose pas. Ceci est dû à plusieurs raisons dont la plus importante est liée à la lenteur de la justice. Sur le plan international, des nombreux pays, notamment ceux en voie de développement, ne sont en mesure d’attirer des investissements des capitaux étrangers que s’ils considèrent la médiation comme moyen de règlement des conflits. L’avantage de ce moyen réside dans le fait que la médiation est rapide, simple et permet au justiciable d’obtenir ses droits de façon aisée. Ces caractéristiques de la médiation restent valables du point de vue théorique. Mais en pratique, les choses sont plus compliquées et peuvent gêner le déroulement de l’arbitrage, par exemple. Prenons en exemple les conflits civils dont le règlement nécessite souvent la mise en œuvre de certaines actions qui conduisent effectivement à la solution du conflit en question. Cette initiative de mise en œuvre de l’action n’ est pas réservée aux parties de conflits . Mais, l’organisme habilité à résoudre le conflit peut également prendre cette initiative seul, ou à la demande d’une de deux parties . Ces mesures et actions décidées par un tribunal ou par une médiation représentent le facteur temps dans le règlement des conflits. C’est à ce moment-là que peuvent apparaître les difficultés qui sont en rapport soit avec le déroulement du conflit lui- même, soit avec l’exécution du jugement prononcé. Ce moyen pour régler les conflits mérite bien d’être privilégié car, d’une part il peut effectivement mettre fin au conflit et d’autre part il peut avoir les mêmes forces que le jugement d’un tribunal. Pour ces raisons, les protagonistes le préfèrent. Nous avons donc choisi ce sujet du facteur temps dans la médiation pour les raisons suivantes : *illustrer le facteur temps dans la médiation puisqu’il s’agit d’un élément indissociable du sujet du conflit qui fait l’objet de la médiation même ; *Définir la partie qui a en charge le règlement de ce genre de conflits suivant les règles juridiques de références et explorer la complétude de ces règles pour pouvoir ensuite dire dans quelle direction doit être dirigé le règlement du conflit : vers la médiation ou vers la justice ?Mediation has become a preferred way to resolve many conflicts, including those related to international trade. Nationally, the conflicting party often prefer this method to resolve their dispute whenever the law requires otherwise pas.Ceci is due to several reasons, the most important being the slow pace of justice. Internationally, many countries, particularly those in developing countries, are able to benefit from investments of foreign capital that they consider mediation as a dispute resolution means .l'avantage this means is that that mediation is a fast, simple and allows litigants to obtain their rights easily. These characteristics of mediation are still valid théorique.Mais perspective in practice, things are more complicated and may interfere with the conduct of mediation if, in his objet.Prenons example civil conflict whose resolution often requires implementation certain actions that actually lead to the solution of the conflict in question. This initiative implementation of the action is not limited to parts of conflits.Mais, the body authorized to resolve the conflict can also take this one initiative or at the request of one of two parts. These measures and actions decided by a court or mediation are the time factor in conflict resolution. It was at this time that may appear difficulties are related either the conduct of the conflict itself Even either the conduct of the implementation of the judgment delivered
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Alyaqout, Yousef. "L’arbitrage des litiges relatifs à la finance islamique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0254.
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L’essor de la finance islamique moderne va poser logiquement la question de la résolution des litiges. En effet, le recours à la justice étatique aboutit à des impacts négatifs sur la réalisation des objectifs de la finance islamique et sur le développement de ce secteur d’activité. Dans cette optique, l’application de la législation nationale par le juge étatique aboutit à la requalification des contrats de financement islamique en des contrats de financement conventionnel. En outre, ce recours au juge étatique conduit à la neutralisation de la Charia en tant que droit applicable. Tout cela conduit à la dénaturation de la finance islamique. Cette dénaturation est une source de contradictions. On sait bien que les institutions financières islamiques reposent sur une obligation fondamentale, selon laquelle toutes les opérations financières effectuées doivent être conformes à la Charia. De plus, les personnes ayant recours à la finance islamique visent principalement à exercer des activités financières en toute conformité avec leurs principes religieux et éthiques issus de la législation islamique. L’étude a également montré que les modes amiables de règlement des litiges contribuent à prendre en considération la particularité de la finance islamique. Cependant, cette prise en compte reste insuffisante. En effet, ces modes ne présentent pas un mécanisme complet, homogène et cohérent de règlement des litiges relatifs à la finance islamique. Leur contribution à la construction d’un système juridique propre à la finance islamique est très limitée. De ce fait, ils ne peuvent pas participer efficacement à la promotion de l’industrie financière islamique. De plus, ils souffrent d’un défaut majeur au niveau de la force de la solution proposée : l’efficacité de cette solution dépend en principe de la bonne volonté des parties. Face à ce dysfonctionnement de la justice étatique et des modes amiables, la solution a été recherchée du côté de l'arbitrage. En effet, l’arbitrage connaît une expansion spectaculaire dans le monde actuel au point de devenir le mode normal de règlement des litiges. Cet essor exceptionnel de l’arbitrage se constate notamment dans la vie économique et financière. A l’heure actuelle, cette vie est devenue inconcevable sans l’arbitrage. En matière de finance islamique, l’arbitrage en tant que mécanisme reposant sur la liberté et la volonté apparaît comme la meilleure voie permettant la prise en considération de la spécificité de cette activité, l’application de la Charia dans le domaine de la résolution des litiges. C’est pourquoi, ce mode alternatif de règlement des litiges s’adapte parfaitement aux exigences des litiges relatifs à la finance islamique et pourrait contribuer à la promotion de ce secteur d’activité. Grâce aux avantages qu’il offre aux opérateurs de la finance islamique, l’arbitrage s’affirme comme la justice naturelle des litiges relatifs à la finance islamique. Pour renforcer le rôle de l’arbitrage dans le domaine de la finance islamique, un projet de réforme a été présenté. Ce projet vise à moderniser l’arbitrage dans toutes ses étapes. Dans cette optique, l’accent a été mis sur la convention d’arbitrage, le statut de l’arbitre, le droit applicable et la sentence arbitrale. Tout cela a été achevé par l’élaboration d’un projet de charte éthique de l’arbitrage en matière de finance islamique. Une fois modernisé et renouvelé, l’arbitrage peut devenir un pilier essentiel de l’industrie financière islamique, en participant efficacement à la promotion de cette activité. Avec une justice équitable, pratique, efficace, conforme à la Charia et adaptée, la finance islamique se trouve renforcée et consolidéeAbstractThe rise of modern Islamic finance will logically raise the issue of dispute resolution. Indeed, recourse to state justice leads to negative impacts on the achievement of the objectives of Islamic finance and on the development of this sector of activity. In this context, the application of national legislation by the state judge results in the reclassification of Islamic financing contracts into conventional financing contracts. In addition, this recourse to the State Judge leads to the neutralization of Shariah as an applicable law. All this leads to the denaturation of Islamic finance. This denaturing is a source of contradictions. It is well known that Islamic financial institutions are based on a fundamental obligation that all financial transactions must conform to Sharia law. In addition, people who use Islamic finance primarily aim to conduct financial activities in accordance with their religious and ethical principles derived from Islamic legislation. The study also showed that amicable dispute resolution modes help to take into account the peculiarity of Islamic finance. However, this consideration remains insufficient. Indeed, these modes do not present a complete, homogeneous and coherent mechanism for resolving disputes relating to Islamic finance. Their contribution to the construction of a legal system specific to Islamic finance is very limited. As a result, they can not participate effectively in promoting the Islamic financial industry. In addition, they suffer from a major flaw in the strength of the proposed solution: the effectiveness of this solution depends in principle on the good will of the parties. Faced with this dysfunction of state justice and amicable modes, the solution was sought on the side of arbitration. Indeed, arbitration is expanding dramatically in today's world to the point of becoming the normal mode of dispute resolution. This exceptional growth of arbitration can be seen in particular in economic and financial life. At present, this life has become inconceivable without arbitration. In the area of Islamic finance, arbitration as a mechanism based on freedom and will appears as the best way to take into account the specificity of this activity, the application of Shari'a in the field of the resolution of litigation. For this reason, this alternative dispute resolution method is perfectly suited to the demands of Islamic finance litigation and could contribute to the promotion of this sector of activity. Thanks to the advantages it offers to operators of Islamic finance, arbitration is asserting itself as the natural justice of disputes relating to Islamic finance. To strengthen the role of arbitration in the field of Islamic finance, a reform project was presented. This project aims to modernize arbitration in all its stages. From this perspective, the focus was on the arbitration agreement, the status of the arbitrator, the applicable law and the arbitration award. All this has been completed by the elaboration of a draft ethical charter of arbitration on Islamic finance. Once modernized and renewed, arbitration can become an essential pillar of the Islamic financial industry, effectively participating in the promotion of this activity. With fair, practical, effective, Sharia-compliant and responsive justice, Islamic finance is strengthened and consolidated
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Law, Thomas. "O reconhecimento e a execução de sentenças arbitrais estrangeiras no Brasil: atualizado com o novo CPC." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/7056.
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Previous issue date: 2016-03-09This Master s Thesis focuses on the acknowledgement and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards in Brazil, based on the theoretical and practical research in the fields of civil procedural law and international law, considering it includes a study on the different international laws, conventions and treaties on international commercial arbitration, as well as on the acknowledgement and enforcement of arbitral awards. The first part of the study refers to the events of direct enforcement and nationalization of foreign arbitral awards, according to the new legal provisions of the New Brazilian Code of Civil Procedure. The second part of the study covers the assessment of the ratification process of foreign arbitral awards before the Superior Court of Justice (STJ), considering Brazil s new Code of Civil Procedure, the new internal rules of the Superior Court of Justice, the Arbitration Law and the New York Convention. The thesis also covers two cases, specifically, judged by the Superior Court of Justice: SEC No. 2,410 (Ferrocarriles versus Supervia Concessionária de Transportes Ferroviário S/A) and SEC No. 826 (Ssangyong Corporation versus Eldorado Indústrias Plásticas Ltda). Finally, after the reflection on the research conducted, one argues nationalization of the foreign arbitral award is possible given the new provisions included in Brazil s new Code of Civil Procedure and the acknowledgement thereof by the Superior Court of Justice, in the possibility of nationalization of the arbitral award in the Appeal to the Superior Court of Justice No. 1.231.554
A presente dissertação de mestrado trata do reconhecimento e da execução da sentença arbitral estrangeira no Brasil. É uma pesquisa teórica e prática das áreas de direito processual civil e direito internacional, uma vez que aborda as mais diversas legislações internacionais e convenções que tratam da arbitragem comercial internacional e o reconhecimento e execução dos laudos arbitrais. Na primeira parte do estudo, serão analisadas as hipóteses de execução direta e nacionalização do laudo arbitral estrangeiro conforme novos dispositivos legais oriundos do Novo Código de Processo Civil. Na segunda parte, será abordado o processo homologatório de sentenças arbitrais estrangeiras perante o Superior Tribunal de Justiça tendo em vista o Novo Código de Processo Civil, o novo regimento interno do Superior Tribunal de Justiça, a Lei de Arbitragem e a Convenção sobre o Reconhecimento e a Execução de Sentenças Arbitrais Estrangeiras ("Convenção de Nova Iorque"). Paralelamente, dois casos, em especial, julgados pelo Superior Tribunal de Justiça, são objeto de análise e investigação: a SEC n. 2.410(Ferrocarriles versus Supervia Concessionária de Transportes Ferroviário S/A) e a SEC n.826 (Ssangyong Corporation versus Eldorado Indústrias Plásticas Ltda). Por fim, após a reflexão do trabalho investigativo, propõe-se concluir pela nacionalização do laudo arbitral estrangeiro levando em consideração as novidades trazidas no novo Código de Processo Civil e o reconhecimento pelo Superior Tribunal de Justiça da possibilidade da nacionalização do laudo arbitral no REsp 1.231.554
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Boularbah, Hakim. "Requête unilatérale et inversion du contentieux." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210663.
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L’étude porte sur les procédures qui se déroulent « sur requête unilatérale », c’est-à-dire sans que la partie contre laquelle le requérant demande au juge de prononcer une mesure soit préalablement convoquée et entendue. Ces procédures sont d’une importance capitale dans la pratique notamment en matières civile, familiale, sociale et économique, dans lesquelles elles reçoivent de très nombreuses applications quotidiennes. Il s’agit principalement d’analyser de manière approfondie la question de la conformité de ces procédures unilatérales aux règles du procès équitable et au principe général du droit imposant le respect des droits de la défense. L’étude tente de démontrer que le recours à la procédure unilatérale respecte ces règles et principe s'il est strictement encadré et s’il s'accompagne de garanties quant aux pouvoirs du juge qui connaît de la requête et aux voies de recours dont dispose la partie qui est condamnée sans être préalablement convoquée et entendue.
Cet objectif peut être atteint moyennant certaines interprétations nouvelles de la loi et plusieurs modifications légales. Des propositions de textes sont dès lors présentées pour améliorer le régime actuel des procédures sur requête unilatérale et l’adapter aux exigences dégagées à l’issue de l’étude.
Doctorat en droit
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Morbach, Rüdiger. "Der kartellrechtliche ordre public in der internationalen Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit." Thesis, Paris 2, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA020034.
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Au carrefour des domaines juridiques du droit de la concurrence et du droit de l’arbitrage se situe la liberté contractuelle. Elle est garantie par les règles du droit de la concurrence et en même temps la raison d'être de l’arbitrage. La liberté contractuelle est également à la base d'un conflit qui se présente dans les deux domaines : Le conflit entre la liberté individuelle et les intérêts régulateurs de l’État. Omniprésent dans le droit de la concurrence, ce conflit se manifeste dans le droit de l'arbitrage chaque fois que le droit d'arbitrage rencontre une loi étatique de caractère impératif. Il est particulièrement pertinent lorsque la juridiction de l'État est impliquée dans le cadre d'une procédure d'exécution d'une sentence arbitrale ou d'un recours en annulation. Dans ce cas, s'ajoute également le conflit entre l'arbitrage et le système judiciaire étatique. Étant donné que ces deux systèmes sont jugés équivalents, le juge étatique doit s'abstenir de juger à nouveau le fond du litige tranché par le tribunal arbitral (principe de non-révision au fond). Il peut seulement vérifier que l'exequatur de la sentence arbitrale ne heurte pas un principe essentiel du droit étatique, son ordre public. Les règles du droit de la concurrence qui font partie de l'ordre public, leur application par l’arbitre et leur contrôle par le juge étatique font l’objet de la thèseAt the intersection between arbitration and competition law lies private autonomy. The provisions of competition law safeguard what is at the same time the legal foundation of arbitration. In both areas of law, private autonomy enters into conflict with the state's regulatory interest. While this conflict is omnipresent in competition law, it manifests itself in arbitration only when the arbitral proceedings come into contact with mandatory state law, most notably when a state court has to decide on the enforceability of an arbitral award. If this is the case, not only private autonomy and mandatory state law collide, but also arbitration and state court jurisdiction. As far as arbitration and litigation are considered to be equivalent, a state court may not review the substance of an arbitral award on the merits (principle of non-révision au fond). It may only consider whether the enforcement of the arbitral award would violate an essential principle of the law of the state that the state court is supposed to protect, i.e. its public policy (ordre public). Some of these essential principles derive from a state’s competition law and form the state’s public competition policy. Public competition policy, it’s implications for the arbitral tribunal and its protection by state courts form the subject of doctoral thesis
An der Schnittstelle zwischen der Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit und dem Kartellrecht liegt die Privatautonomie. Sie wird durch die Regeln des Kartellrechts gewährleistet und stellt zugleich die Legitimationsgrundlage der Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit dar. Dabei steht sie in beiden Rechtsgebieten im Konflikt mit dem staatlichen Ordnungsinteresse. Während dieser Konflikt im Kartellrecht allgegenwärtig ist, manifestiert er sich in der Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit, sobald das Schiedsverfahren mit zwingendem staatlichen Recht in Berührung kommt, insbesondere wenn ein staatliches Gericht über die Vollstreckbarerklärung oder Aufhebung eines Schiedsspruchs entscheiden muss. In diesem Fall treffen nicht nur Privatautonomie und staatlicher Zwang aufeinander, sondern auch Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit und staatliche Gerichtsbarkeit. Werden beide als gleichwertig angesehen, darf das staatliche Gerichte einen Schiedsspruch grundsätzlich nicht in der Sache überprüfen (Prinzip der non-révision au fond). Es darf nur prüfen, ob die Vollstreckung des Schiedsspruchs einen wesentlichen Grundsatz des von ihm zu schützenden staatlichen Rechts verletzen würde, seinen ordre public. Enthalten diese wesentlichen Grundsätze Regeln des Kartellrechts, handelt es sich um den kartellrechtlichen ordre public. Der kartellrechtliche ordre public, seine Bedeutung für das Schiedsgericht und seine Überprüfung durch das staatliche Gericht werden in dieser Dissertation untersucht. Dazu bedarf es eingangs einer allgemeinen Betrachtung der Schnittstellen zwischen Kartellrecht und Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit (1. Kapitel). Diese widmet sich einerseits den theoretischen Grundlagen der Beziehung beider Rechtsgebiete, andererseits den vielen praktischen Formen des Aufeinandertreffens von Kartellrecht und Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit. Davon ausgehend soll sich dem kartellrechtlichen ordre public genähert werden, indem dieser in allen seinen Erscheinungsformen dargestellt wird, die anhand ihrer Wirkungen in gängige ordre-public-Kategorisierungen eingeordnet werden und miteinander so ins Verhältnis gesetzt werden, dass Konflikte und ein möglicher Umgang mit ihnen erkennbar werden (2. Kapitel). Im Anschluss soll aufgezeigt werden, wie staatliche Gerichte Schiedssprüche auf eine Verletzung des kartellrechtlichen ordre public überprüfen, welche Kontrollparameter ihre Untersuchung beeinflussen, wie sich Parallelverfahren vor Wettbewerbsbehörden darauf auswirken und welche Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten ein staatliches Gericht hat, das eine Verletzung des kartellrechtlichen ordre public feststellt (3. Kapitel). Im Anschluss sollen Möglichkeiten für das Schiedsgericht und die Schiedsparteien ergründet werden, einen Verstoß gegen den kartellrechtlichen ordre public zu vermeiden (4. Kapitel). Mit den hierbei gewonnenen Ergebnissen soll zuletzt versucht werden, eine Antwort auf die Frage zu finden, ob der kartellrechtliche ordre public einen wirksamen Sicherungs¬mechanismus darstellt, mit dem eine sich eine Rechtsordnung gegen gravierende Verletzungen ihres Kartellrechts durch Schiedssprüche schützen kann
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Darnault, Cécilia. "Les PME face au contentieux économique : essai de guide pratique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0504.
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L’entreprise. Pour un dirigeant-entrepreneur de PME, les choses vont bien au-delà d’une simple entité économique ; il s’agit d’avantage d’une idée, d’un projet, plus que de simples considérations économiques. En plus de la maîtrise du marché économique, le dirigeant de l’entreprise doit également s’intéresser à d’autres préoccupations pour assurer la pérennité de son organisation, et notamment son environnement juridique. Celui-ci est une source de risques pour l’entreprise et son dirigeant, notamment de risque juridique de contentieux économique. Alors comment éviter la banqueroute ? Les dernières réformes législatives, traduisant les profondes mutations en matière de procédure civile, apportent des instruments de gouvernance juridique de l’entreprise permettant à son dirigeant de lutter contre le risque de contentieux économique. Comment ? Tantôt par l’instauration d’une obligation de prévention des risques via la mise en œuvre d’un plan de vigilance aux fins d’éviter la survenance d’un risque juridique ; tantôt par une résolution dé-judiciarisée ou privatisée, via le développement des modes amiables et alternatifs de résolution des différends, dès lors qu’un risque survient, pour éviter d’être confronté au contentieux économique, entendu en tant que procès civil traditionnel. Un tour d’horizon des possibilités qui s’offrent aux dirigeants-entrepreneurs de PME, pour un développement économique sécurisé, et assurer la pérennité de l’organisation dans un environnement juridique et social en perpétuelle évolution, brisant ainsi les frontières traditionnelles de la justiceA company. For a small or medium business, things go far beyond than just a simple economic organization. It is more about an idea, a project, than simple economic problematics. Besides grasping the economic market within, the business manager also needs to stay aware of other concerns, such as its legal environment. The latter is usualy complex, underrated and at the origin of many risks for the company and its CEO, such as economic litigation. Consequently, how avoid bankruptcy? Accordingly to the last legislative amendments that express many important transformations of civil procedure, the creation of new legal governance tools can help the entrepreneur to fight against economic litigation risks. How? Considering the fact that the amendments tend towards accountability, by establishing an obligation of risks prevention, and towards the empowerment of in house counsels by directly participating in the resolution of disputes, corporations has to enforce a legal governance that participates to the prevention of economic litigation. The thesis proposes a guide to legal governance of companies by first introducing a vigilance plan to alleviate any legal risk, and by recommending a private resolution solution through the recent raise of alternative dispute resolutions to avoid any economic litigation as a traditional civil lawsuit. Therefore, the thesis is an overview of all the options that entrepeneurs and business managers of small and medium companies have for a safe economic developement to ensure the sustainability of the organisation, in a perpetually evolving legal and social environment, going beyond traditional justice
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Kuzmina, Alissa. "Quo vadis? Points of friction between cross-border litigation and international arbitration in the EU : A comparative examination of the interplay between the Brussels Regulation, the NY Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards and German and Swedish procedural law." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-94931.
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Deirmendjian, Élisabeth. "La stratégie d'anticipation procédurale en matière civile." Thesis, Toulon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUL0068/document.
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La stratégie d’anticipation procédurale en matière civile permet d’effectuer un choix approprié entre les différentes règles existantes en fonction du but poursuivi. L’anticipation du procès et la stratégie au cœur de l’action dessinent en creux le champ de la liberté individuelle laissée au justiciable dans le procès civil. En anticipant la survenance du litige ou en envisageant les modalités de résolution de ce dernier, la technique contractuelle fait de l’évitement du recours juridictionnel une stratégie d’anticipation. Une fois le litige né, le choix d’agir en justice suppose l’évaluation des chances de succès de l’action par rapport au résultat escompté. Seront parfois préférés les modes amiables de règlement des différends, voire le recours à un juge privé en la personne de l’arbitre. Mais si l’action est diligentée, le justiciable devra nécessairement soulever un certain nombre de questions nécessaires à l’élaboration de la stratégie qu’il retiendra pour son affaire. Pour réduire l’aléa judiciaire, plusieurs paramètres doivent être pris en compte tels que l’évolution du droit, de la jurisprudence, la réaction de l’adversaire ainsi que l’office du juge. L’efficacité de la stratégie d’anticipation varie selon le degré de prévisibilité de ces différents éléments qui forment l’objet de cette étudeThe civil procedural assessment strategy allows for a proper choice between the various existing rules depending on the aim. The assessment of the trial and the strategy at the heart of the lawsuit sets aside the scope of individual liberty that the defendant is entitled to during the civil trial. During the assessment of the origin of the dispute or the consideration of the methods for resolving it, the contractual technique is a matter of avoiding judicial recourse as part of an assessment strategy. Once the litigation has been entered into, the choice of suing involves assessing the chance of success of the lawsuit compared to the expected result. Sometimes what is preferred is alternative dispute resolution methods, or even recourse to a private judge (arbitrator). But if a lawsuit is entered into, it will be necessary to provide the defendant with answers to a certain number of questions that are necessary for developing the strategy that he will use throughout the case. In order to reduce legal risk, several parameters must be taken into account, such as the current state of legislation, jurisprudence, and opponents’ responses as well as those of the Office of Justice. The effectiveness of the assessment strategy will vary depending on the degree of predictability of the different elements which form the subject of this study
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Tabbara, Amer. "Les actions de groupe dans le contentieux international." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D017.
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La régulation du contentieux international des actions de groupe constitue le prolongement dans l'ordre international des fonctions poursuivies par une action de groupe dans l'ordre interne -l'accès en justice, l'efficacité économique et la régulation des marchés - et vise à assurer la sécurité juridique, la prévisibilité et l 'harmonie internationale des solutions ; objectifs également partagés par le droit international privé. Cette régulation s'avère pourtant difficile et complexe, notamment en raison de la concurrence exercée par les ordres juridiques en matière de redressement des dommages de masse, et de l'inadéquation des méthodes et instruments de droit international privé à la résolution d'un contentieux complexe, impliquant une multitude de parties et présentant une forte dimension régulatoire. La globalisation du contentieux international des actions de groupe soulève donc des questions complexes de conflits de juridictions, de conflits de lois, de coordination de procédures ainsi que de reconnaissance et d'exécution des décisions.C'est à ces questions complexes que cette thèse propose de répondre. Les solutions proposées tiennent compte des intérêts enchevêtrés que revêt le contentieux de groupe international, et visent essentiellement à prévenir des hypothèses de sous-régulation et de sur-régulation susceptibles d'empoisonner aujourd'hui le contentieux de masse internationalThe regulation of international disputes arising out of group actions consists of safeguarding the functions underlying a domestic group action procedure in the context of international litigation (i.e. access to justice, economic efficiency and market regulation). It also aims to ensure the legal certainty, the predictability and harmony of solutions; the latters are objectives also pursued by the rules of private international law. Such regulation reveals difficult to achieve, in light of the competition arising between the legal systems in relation to the redress of global mass damages and the failure of private international law methods and instruments to address complex disputes putting at stake large number of parties and having a strong regulatory dimension. Thus, the globalisation of group actions disputes raises complex questions of conflicts of jurisdictions, conflicts of laws, coordination of procedures and enforcement of decisions.This PhD dissertation aims at addressing all these complex questions. The suggested solutions take into account the intertwined interests underlying disputes arising out of international group actions and aim essentially to prevent the current intoxication of international mass litigation resulting from the occurrence of situations of under-regulation and overregulation
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Franco, Arias Billy. "The binding nature of the opinions of the Supervisory Agency for State Procurement." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118471.
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In the first part of this essay, the author describes the regulatory regime governing the issuance of opinions by the Supervising Agency of the Government Procurement (OSCE) in Peru. In the second, there is a series of interpretative elements of the binding nature of opinions of OSCE that were provided by the legislature and that institution. The third is a review of the doctrinarian characteristics that defined the institution of the Administrative Advisory Service. And finally, in the fourth part, the author proposes an interpretation of the meaning and scope of the binding nature of opinions of OSCE, with focus on their application across the various stages of government procurement in Peru.En la primera parte de este artículo se describe el régimen normativo que regula la emisión de opiniones por parte del Organismo Supervisor de las Contrataciones del Estado en el Perú. En la segunda, se recogen una serie de elementos interpretativos del carácter vinculante que el legislador nacional le ha dado a esas opiniones. La tercera hace una revisión de las características con que la doctrina define a la Función Administrativa Consultiva. Y en la cuarta, finalmente, se propone una interpretación del sentido y alcance del carácter vinculante de las opiniones, con especial énfasis en su aplicación durante las diversas etapasde la contratación pública en el Perú.
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El, Shakankiry Ahmed. "Le règlement des litiges du commerce international par l'arbitrage électronique : une approche sur le droit de l'économie numérique." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON10020.
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L'environnement numérique et les échanges électroniques accélèrent et participent à la mondialisation et à la globalisation de l'économie, et par là multiplient la dimension internationale dans les litiges, tout en générant sans cesse de nouveaux problèmes juridiques. Des modes électroniques de règlement des litiges apparaissent afin de faire face à ce nouveau monde dont l'arbitrage électronique. Ce moyen de règlement, même s'il est techniquement praticable, juridiquement soulève nombre de questions : d'une part, l'arbitrage classique exige de nombreuses conditions de forme et de fond que l'arbitrage électronique par sa nature même ne peut totalement satisfaire ; d'autre part, la procédure arbitrale totalement dématérialisée présente des difficultés biens distinctes. Afin de surmonter ces difficultés, il faut présenter les textes juridiques régissant les procédures arbitrales traditionnelles et les confronter aux procédures arbitrales électroniques. De cette confrontation se dégageront les particularités de l'arbitrage électronique comme mode alternatif de règlement des litiges du commerce international en général, et électronique en particulierThe digital environment and electronic exchanges contribute and accelerate globalization, and thus multiplies the international dimension in litigation, while constantly generating new legal problems. Electronic arbitration is a form of alternative dispute resolution. Even if it is technically feasible, it raises many legal issues. On the one hand, the classic arbitration requires many forms conditions that the electronic arbitration cannot totally satisfy. On the other hand, the fully dematerialized arbitration presents distinct properties.To overcome these difficulties, we should present the legal texts governing the classic arbitration and compare it with the electronic arbitration procedures. This allows us to identify the features of electronic arbitration as an alternative dispute resolution of the international commercial disputes and especially electronics
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Giraud, Paul. "La conformité de l'arbitre à sa mission." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020074.
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Le Code de procédure civile prévoit, en ses articles 1492 et 1520, les cas d’ouverture permettant d’obtenir l’annulation d’une sentence ou l’infirmation d’une ordonnance ayant accordé son exequatur. Le troisième de ces cas ouvre les recours lorsque « le tribunal arbitral a statué sans se conformer à la mission qui lui avait été confiée ». Or, le terme de mission est vague, rendant imprécises les frontières de ce cas d’ouverture. Cette incertitude fait courir un risque d’inflation des recours et est source d’insécurité juridique. Elle nuit à l’efficacité du droit français de l’arbitrage, dans un contexte de forte concurrence entre les places arbitrales. L’analyse de la notion de mission permet de définir celle visée à l’indice 3 des articles précités comme les éléments conventionnels participant directement de l’exercice de la mission juridictionnelle arbitrale.Cette définition dessine en creux les deux critères permettant d’énumérer les violations relevant de ce cas d’ouverture. Leur mise en oeuvre contribue alors à une conception raisonnée de ce recours et en démontre la pertinence.Saisi d’un recours arguant d’une violation de sa mission par l’arbitre, le juge accompagne ce mouvement de rationalisation, tant dans le contrôle qu’il opère que dans la sanction qu’il prononce.Se dégage ainsi un mouvement progressif de délimitation restrictive des frontières du cas d’ouverture de la violation de sa mission par l’arbitre. A tous les stades de l’analyse – définition de la mission,détermination des griefs relevant de ce cas d’ouverture, contrôle opéré par le juge et prononcé de la sanction -, une conception cohérente, rationnelle et raisonnée se découvre. Elle constitue un rempart efficace contre la dérive expansionniste que faisait craindre sa formulation – une crainte d’ailleurs contredite par l’étude statistique – et témoigne de la pertinence et de la légitimité de ce cas d’ouverture. Articles 1492 and 1520 of the French Code of Civil Procedure (applying to domestic and international arbitration respectively) set out the possible grounds for setting aside a domestic orinternational arbitral award or denying its enforcement. The third of these grounds states that a challenge may be initiated when “the arbitral tribunal ruled without complying with the mandate conferred upon it”.The notion of “mandate” – translation of the French “mission” – is vague, rendering the limits of this ground unclear. This poses a risk of significant increase in the number of challenges of awards and resultsin legal uncertainty. It might also hamper the efficiency of French arbitration law, especially in the contextof a strong competition among seats of arbitration.The analysis of the notion of “mission” provides insight into the particular mandate referred to underArticles 1492 and 1520, item 3, and can be defined as the contractual elements which are directly involved in the performance of the arbitral jurisdictional task. This definition sets out the two criteria – i.e. the contractual elements and the direct involvement in the performance of the arbitral jurisdictional task – that allow listing the breaches that could give rise to an annulment under this third ground relating to the arbitrator’s mission. Applying both criteria clarifies the scope of this ground and strengthens its relevance.While ruling on a challenge that the arbitral tribunal breached its mission, the annulment judge follows the same rational approach, both when analyzing the breach and when considering a possible annulment. The work undertaken in this thesis highlights the gradual restriction of the scope of this third ground relating to the arbitrator’s mission. Every stage of our study– the definition of the mission, the list of grounds covered by this third ground, the judge’s control and the potential annulment of the award –demonstrates that a clear, coherent and rational understanding of the third ground is possible. Such anunderstanding prevents this ground from being construed in an excessively broad sense, as its unclear wording may have suggested. The conducted statistical survey corroborates these theoretical results. All these ideas confirm that the third ground is a relevant and legitimate one
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Henkel, Thomas. "Konstituierungsbezogene Rechtsbehelfe im schiedsrichterlichen Verfahren nach der ZPO." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Juristische Fakultät, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15638.
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Mit den konstituierungsbezogenen Rechtsbehelfen behandelt die Arbeit den Aspekt personeller Konfliktsituationen eines schiedsrichterlichen Verfahrens nach der ZPO. Es geht insbesondere um die Fragen, wie Schiedsrichter bei unterbliebener Mitwirkung einer Partei bestellt werden, auf welchem Weg eine Verfahrenspartei einen Schiedsrichter ablehnen oder dessen Amt sonst beenden kann und wie gegen einen Schiedsspruch vorzugehen ist, wenn die Konstituierung nicht ordnungsgemäß verlief. Definiert und systematisiert werden die Grundsätze und Begriffe der Konstituierung (Kapitel 1 und 2) sowie die Konstituierungshindernisse und Kriterien für die Bestellung von Schiedsrichtern (Kapitel 3 und 4). Im Detail und mit Blick auf die Praxis folgt die Erörterung aller konstituierungsbezogener Rechtsbehelfe (Kapitel 5 bis 8): Während des schiedsrichterlichen Verfahrens handelt es sich dabei um die Verfahren der Ersetzung von Schiedsrichtern (§ 1034 ZPO), der Ersatzbestellung von Schiedsrichtern (§ 1035 ZPO) und der Nachbestellung (§ 1039 ZPO), der Ablehnung von Schiedsrichtern (§ 1037 ZPO) und der Beendigung des Schiedsrichteramts (§ 1038 ZPO). Abschließend wird untersucht, wie Fehler der Konstituierung in den Verfahren nach dem Schiedsspruch geltend zu machen sind, also im Aufhebungsverfahren (§ 1059 ZPO) und im Vollstreckbarerklärungs- oder Anerkennungsverfahren (§§ 1060 f. ZPO). Ausgewertet ist neben der schiedsverfahrensrechtlichen Literatur und Kommentierung insbesondere die umfangreiche Rechtsprechung.The text discusses the legal remedies for and in connection with the constitution of the arbitral tribunal, in regards to any personal conflict of arbitral proceedings as per the German Code of Civil Procedure (CPO). Hence the focus is on questions of how an arbitrator is to be appointed if one party fails to cooperate, of how a party may challenge an arbitrator or otherwise terminate an arbitrator''s mandate, and of how to proceed with an arbitral award issued by an unduly constituted arbitral tribunal. Chapters 1 and 2 deal with the principles, terms and definitions of the arbitral tribunal’s composition. Chapters 3 and 4 systematise obstacles to such a tribunal’s composition, and the criteria for an arbitrator’s appointment. Chapters 5 to 8 continue with a detailed examination, and focus on current practice with all corresponding remedies. During the arbitral proceedings such remedies make provision for an arbitrator’s replacement (section 1034 CPO), the appointment of an arbitrator (section 1035 CPO) or substitute arbitrator (section 1039 CPO), the challenge of an arbitrator (section 1037 CPO), or the termination of an arbitrator’s mandate (section 1038 CPO). Finally, for cases where an arbitral award has already been granted, the text discusses how an unduly constituted tribunal may be dealt with through proceedings for setting aside an award (section 1059 CPO), or for an award’s enforcement or recognition (sections 1060 f. CPO). In addition to the literature on arbitration and the annotations of the CPO, the substantial amount of legal precedent is particularly evaluated.
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Boutouila, Nawal. "La condition juridique des personnes privées de liberté du fait d'une décision administrative." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05D007.
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En empruntant une démarche prospective, l’objectif de cette contribution est de mettre en lumière l’existence d’une évolution de la condition juridique des personnes privées de liberté du fait d’une décision administrative. Si pendant longtemps l’obligation de préserver l’ordre public a été présentée comme conférant de nombreuses prérogatives à l’administration, elle doit désormais être décrite comme une mission de service public devant s’accomplir conformément à un modèle de comportement, sans toutefois que l’on puisse aujourd’hui évoquer l’existence de véritables sujétions à la charge de l’administration. Si cette évolution a été rendue possible, c’est en grande partie grâce à de «nouveaux contre-pouvoirs» qui ont contribué au renforcement de leur protection en participant plus ou moins directement à l’identification des obligations que toute administration qui prend en charge une personne privée de liberté devrait respecter et en concourant à leur défenseBy taking a prospective approach, the main of this work is to highlight the existence of an evolution of the legal status of persons deprived of their liberty for an administrative decision. Though the obligation to preserve public order has long been introduced as granting the administration many prerogatives, it must from now on to be equally described as a public-service mission that should be accomplished in accordance with a particular behavior model, without however, always mentioning the presence of actual constraints at the expense of the administration because of the numerous shortcomings currently affecting the protection system. Presumably, if this improvement has been made possible, it is in mainly due to “this new opposing-force concept” that has contributed to strengthening theirs protection especially by participating in the identification of the obligations that should be respected by all administrations which have to take care of a person deprived of liberty
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Adão, Telmo Miguel Oliveira. "Ontology-based procedural modelling of traversable buildings composed by arbitrary shapes." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10348/5823.
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Tese de Doutoramento em InformáticaModelos virtuais 3D de edifícios são usualmente utilizados em áreas como a arquitetura e videojogos para fins de visualização de projetos de casas e povoamento de cenários virtuais, respetivamente. Tradicionalmente, a produção destes modelos requer mão-de-obra altamente especializada e consideráveis quantidades de tempo. Para abordar esta questão, muitos investigadores desenvolveram técnicas semiautomáticas para produzir modelos virtuais de forma expedita. Estas técnicas procedimentais providenciam diferentes formas de geração de edifícios, incluindo interiores e fachadas exteriores, que servem vários propósitos (por exemplo, geração de conteúdo para videojogos ou reconstruções arqueológicas). No entanto, as técnicas existentes com foco na construção de interiores normalmente só suportam a geração de plantas restritas por formas regulares ou polígonos de contorno obtidos a partir de conjuntos de retângulos. Ao mesmo tempo, a possibilidade de modelar quartos interiores através da especificação das suas paredes de restrição permanece pouco explorada. Além disso, a maioria das soluções de geração procedimental existentes recorrem a gramáticas complexas referentes aos aspetos geométricos, ou então, estruturas semânticas desenvolvidas para projetos com requisitos específicos, desconsiderando os standards desenvolvidos para ambientes urbanos virtuais, concretamente, CityGML. No sentido de abordar as questões indicadas, uma nova metodologia de modelação procedimental é proposta nesta tese, tendo como foco a produção de modelos virtuais de edifícios, incluindo exteriores circunscritos por formas arbitrárias e interiores formados por polígonos convexos. A regulação da metodologia é fornecida por uma ontologia para edifícios - que pode ser vista como um conjunto relacional de entidades baseadas em CityGML, extensíveis a estilos arquitetónicos específicos - através de várias estruturas de dados, tais como XML estruturado e gramática baseada na ontologia. Relativamente ao processo de suporte da repartição de espaço, uma abordagem treemap é usada para subdividir o layout representativo de uma dada base de edifício em subáreas inerentes a contentores e quartos interiores. Durante o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, diversas melhorias foram feitas ao treemap de forma progressiva, com o objetivo de permitir a subdivisão de diferentes tipos de polígonos de restrição que variam entre retângulos a formas arbitrárias. Além disso, na fase final deste trabalho, foi incorporado um método para a adaptação de paredes de quartos. Na sequência da subdivisão, vem um conjunto de operações que vai desde a marcação das transições até à extrusão das paredes que fornece o aspeto 3D. Também, uma abordagem estocástica experimental é proposta para automatizar a geração aleatória de edifícios, utilizando esta metodologia de modelação procedimental. Um conjunto de testes foi feito para demonstrar as capacidades da metodologia proposta na produção de edifícios com formatos distintos (edifícios limitados por formas convexas e não-convexas e quartos com um número específico de paredes de restrição) e diferentes estruturas arquitetónicas (casas de propósito geral, domus romanas) em curtos períodos de tempo. Além disso, a eficácia da abordagem treemap na subdivisão de layouts é mostrada, juntamente com um processo estocástico experimental para a geração automática de edifícios e também algumas medições de desempenho computacional.
3D virtual models of buildings are commonly used in areas such as architecture and video games to preview a house project and to populate a virtual scenario, respectively. Traditionally, the production of these models requires highly skilled manpower and a considerable amount of time. To address this issue, many researchers have developed semi-automatic techniques to produce virtual models expeditiously. These procedural techniques provide different ways of generating buildings, including interiors and outer facades, to serve several purposes (e.g., content generation for video games or archaeological reconstruction). However, the existing techniques focusing on building interiors usually only support the generation of floor plans constrained by regular shapes or contour polygons obtained from rectangles sets. At the same time, the possibility of modelling interior rooms through the specification of its constraint walls remains poorly explored. Moreover, most of the existing procedural generation solutions are guided by complex grammars concerned with geometrical aspects or semantic structures that fit specific project requirements, apparently disregarding the established standards for virtual urban environments, specifically, CityGML. To overcome the noted issues, a novel procedural modelling methodology is proposed in this thesis, one that produces virtual models of buildings, including exteriors outlined by arbitrary shapes and interiors formed by convex polygons. Methodology’s regulation is provided by a building ontology - a CityGML-based knowledge structure, planned to be extensible to specific architecture styles - through several guiding data structures such as structured XML and ontology-based grammar. Regarding the supporting process, a treemap approach is used to subdivide the building layout into floor plan areas. During the development of this work, several improvements were progressively made to the treemap in order to enable the subdivision of different constraint polygon types which range from rectangles to arbitrary shapes. Moreover, in the most mature work stage, a method concerning inner room walls adaptation is addressed. Next, a set of operations is performed, from the marking transitions step to the extrusion process that provides the 3D aspect. In addition, an experimental stochastic approach is proposed to automate the production of random buildings using this procedural modelling methodology. A set of tests was made to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed methodology in producing distinct building formats (buildings constrained by convex and nonconvex shapes, houses with specific room constraint walls) and different architectonic structures (general purpose houses, roman domus) in short time periods. Moreover, the effectiveness of the treemap approach in subdividing random layouts is shown, along with a generic stochastic process for automatic building generation and also some computational performance measurements.
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Krtička, Ondřej. "Princip arbitrárního pořádku se zaměřením na sporné nalézací řízení." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-327764.
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The Principle of Arbitrary Order with the Accent on Contentious Trial Proceedings The purpose of my thesis is to analyse the principle of arbitrary order and its role in recent civil-procedure legislation both in the Czech Republic and abroad. The reason for my research is the incessant discussion of experts and the continuing need for amendment of the Civil Procedure Code to ensure a balance between examination of facts and reasonable time of hearing. The thesis is composed of six chapters. Chapter One is introductory and defines basic terminology used in the thesis, especially the fundamental principles of civil procedure and principles of procedural order. Chapter Two describes historical development of arbitrary order in our country from the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Chapter Three is subdivided into three parts. Part One highlights the most important international-law and constitutional grounds for the current order of the proceedings. Part Two and Three looks at amendments which brought substantial changes to the principle of arbitrary order after 2000. Chapter Four is focused on today's legislation and problems resulting from its ambiguous interpretation. Chapter Five provides a view of foreign legislation and its approach to the selected topic. The chosen jurisdictions are Austria, Germany and...
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Fortier, Carole. "Les tiers dans le contentieux arbitral des investissements internationaux : de l'intervention au recours direct." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10063.
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L’arbitrage public international est demeuré un domaine exclusif aux États souverains jusqu’à la fin des années 50, alors que sont apparus les traités bilatéraux relatifs aux investissements (TBI). La principale caractéristique de ces TBI est sans conteste le recours direct de l’investisseur étranger en arbitrage international contre des États récalcitrants, une alternative aux tribunaux locaux souvent inefficaces. Plus récemment, en 1998, l’organe d’appel de l’OMC est allé jusqu’à accepter l’opinion d’amicus curiae dans un différend opposant des États et aujourd’hui, l’admission de ce type d’opinion est expressément prévue dans plusieurs TBI de nouvelle génération. Mais si l’investisseur bénéficie d’un recours devant une instance arbitrale neutre, il en va tout autrement pour la population locale qui se trouve souvent lésée par la présence, sur son territoire, d’investisseurs étrangers. Le droit de présenter une opinion ne peut remplacer le droit de faire valoir une réclamation. Se pose donc la question : est-ce que, dans le contexte actuel du droit de l’investissement international, des tiers (par rapport aux parties signataires de TBI et par rapport aux parties au différend) peuvent prétendre à une voie de recours direct en arbitrage international?
Nous sommes d’avis qu’une telle voie de recours est actuellement possible et que le contexte de l’arbitrage relatif à l’investissement constitue un terrain fertile pour la mise en place de ce droit, étant donné la place déjà faite aux investisseurs. Nous verrons que les principales objections à l’admission de tiers à l’arbitrage international peuvent être rejetées. L’objection de l’absence du consentement des parties intéressées tombe quand on constate les nombreux cas d’arbitrage international où la portée du consentement a été étendue pour inclure des non-parties ou encore pour soumettre à l’arbitrage des matières non envisagées au départ. Par ailleurs, l’absence de qualité pour agir en droit international est un problème théorique, car les investisseurs y ont déjà accès malgré l’absence de cette qualité. Reste donc à déterminer quelle pourrait être la base d’un recours en droit substantiel international pour qu’un tiers puisse faire valoir une réclamation. Nous verrons qu’il existe des instruments juridiques et des principes internationaux dont la contravention pourrait très bien engager la responsabilité de l’État ou de l’investisseur fautif, tout comme il est possible de bien circonscrire les critères d’admissibilité des tiers à la procédure d’arbitrage international.International arbitration has remained an exclusive domain sovereign states until, in the late 50s, came the first bilateral investment treaties (BITs). The main feature of these BITs is undoubtedly the right, granted to investors, to direct international arbitration against recalcitrant States, an alternative to often ineffective local justice. More recently, in 1998, the appellate body of the WTO went to accept the opinion of an independent amicus curiae in a dispute between State members. Today, the admission of such opinions is clearly provided for in several recent BITs. But if investors benefit from a right of action before a neutral international arbitration body, the situation is quite different for the local population, who is often affected by the presence of foreign investors on its territory. The right to submit an opinion cannot replace the right to legal action. This therefore raises one question: in the current context of international investment law, is it possible for third parties (non signatories of BITs and not parties to the dispute) are entitled to a remedy direct international arbitration? We are of the opinion that the answer to this question is: yes. And the context of investment arbitration, because of the right to direct arbitration against States already granted to investors, constitutes a fertile ground for the implementation of this right of action in favour of third parties. The objection based on the absence of the parties’ consent to such right of action has been set aside in many international arbitration cases where the scope of consent has been extended to include non-parties or to submit to arbitration matters not contemplated at first. Also, the objection based on the absence of legal standing of third parties in International Law proves to be theoretical as foreign investors already have access to international justice despite the lack of this quality. There remains to determine what substantial International Law will constitute a valid legal basis for a third party claim. We will see that there exists legal instruments and international principles and that their violation by States or investors may result in the obligation to compensate the prejudice suffered, as well as it is possible to clearly define and indentify who the third parties could be.
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Orzeł-Jakubowska, Aleksandra. "Sądownictwo polubowne w świetle standardów konstytucyjnych." Doctoral thesis, 2019. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/3576.
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Niniejsza rozprawa zmierza do wypełnienia wskazanej luki w polskim
piśmiennictwie przez realizację siedmiu zasadniczych celów badawczych.
Pierwszym celem rozprawy jest ustalenie, które elementy charakterystyki
arbitrażu stanowią cechy konstytutywne tej metody rozstrzygania sporów.
Drugi cel badawczy sprowadza się do weryfikacji dopuszczalności
funkcjonowania sądów polubownych wobec konstytucyjnej zasady sądowego wymiaru
sprawiedliwości.
Jako trzeci cel można wskazać określenie relacji pomiędzy zapisem na sąd
polubowny, będącym przejawem autonomii woli stron, a prawem do sądu.
Czwartym celem pracy jest ustalenie standardów konstytucyjnych mających
zastosowanie do sądownictwa polubownego i zweryfikowanie zgodności z nimi Części
piątej k.p.c., a następnie wyjaśnienie wpływu tych standardów na postępowanie przed
sądami polubownymi i wydawane przez nie wyroki oraz orzecznictwo sądów
państwowych w postępowaniach postarbitrażowych – co stanowi piąty cel pracy.
Szósty cel sprowadza się do zestawienia wniosków płynących z analizy wpływu
standardów konstytucyjnych na sądownictwo polubowne z wnioskami dotyczącymi
takiego wpływu art. 6 ust. 1 EKPCz, który stanowi punkt odniesienia dla europejskich
systemów prawnych.W ramach realizacji siódmego celu, praca zmierza do weryfikacji, czy ochrona
prawna udzielana przez sądy polubowne jest ekwiwalentna do ochrony udzielanej przez
sądy państwowe.
Osiągnięcie powyższych celów wymagało przyjęcia i zweryfikowania szeregu
cząstkowych hipotez badawczych. Wybrane, najistotniejsze hipotezy cząstkowe
przedstawione zostaną poniżej i przyporządkowane są do konkretnych rozdziałów pracy.
Pod względem strukturalnym została ona bowiem podzielona na pięć rozdziałów
poprzedzonych wprowadzeniem i zwieńczonych wnioskami.
45
Joseph, Jacceus. "L'arbitrage commercial international et les garanties procédurales." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3985.
Full textAbstract:
Cette recherche aborde un sujet complexe, qui est en plein débat doctrinal en droit de l'arbitrage international: L'arbitrage commercial international et les garanties procédurales.
Au fait, l'arbitrage commercial international revêt le mode traditionnel des règlements de litiges du commerce international et des relations économiques internationales. À cause de l'hybridité de sa nature (contractuelle et juridictionnelle), il est le plus souvent préféré par les parties aux tribunaux étatiques. Cette faveur vis-à-vis de ce mode de règlements de litiges internationaux s'explique par le développement de l'économie internationale, par la globalisation du marché, par la conclusion de nombreuses conventions internationales en la matière, par la création des centres d'arbitrage, enfin par la modernisation des lois et règlements nationaux. En revanche, il est constaté que l'arbitrage souffre d'un déficit de prévisibilité et de certitudes pour les acteurs du commerce international. Que l'on songe seulement à la multiplication des rattachements législatifs et des contrôles judiciaires: conflits de lois, conflits entre les règles de conflits, etc. Nous avons démontré que la solution aux difficultés de la méthode conflictualiste serait l'harmonisation de la procédure arbitrale internationale et que ce mode de règlement de différends débouche de plus en plus sur le rapprochement entre traditions juridiques différentes (Common Law et droit civil).Toutefois, ce mouvement de convergence est loin d'être achevé. Beaucoup d'autres pratiques arbitrales continuent de garder l'empreinte de la diversité des procédures étatiques et celle des grands systèmes juridiques mondiaux.This research work tackles a complex subject, which is in the heart of a doctrinal debate in International arbitration Law: International Commercial Arbitration and procedural safeguards. In fact, International Commercial Arbitration is a traditional method of dispute resolution in International Trade and International Economic Relations. Parties to a dispute would rather prefer this mode of dispute resolution to state courts because of its hybrid nature (contractual and judicial).One can explain this preference for this method of international dispute resolution by the development of the international economy, the market globalization, the conclusion of numerous international conventions in the domain, the creation of arbitration centers, the modernization of national laws and regulations. By contrast, one can note that arbitration lacks predictability and certainty for parties in International Trade. One can just think of the multiplication of legislative attachments and judicial controls: conflicts of laws, conflicts between methods of conflicts of laws, etc. We have demonstrated that the solution to the difficulties of the conflictualist method would be the harmonization of the International Arbitral Procedures and that this method of dispute resolution would lead, more and more to the approximation between different judicial traditions (Common law and Civil Law). However this convergence movement is far from being achieved. Many other arbitral practices do still keep the imprint of diverse state procedures and of major legal systems worldwide.
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Topór, Marek. "Wielostopniowe klauzule arbitrażowe jako narzędzia rozwiązywania sporów." Praca doktorska, 2020. https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/269989.
Full text
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Naučová, Tereza. "Pojetí rozhodčí smlouvy ze srovnávacího hlediska." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-306000.
Full textAbstract:
Concept of the arbitration agreement from a comparative perspective The theme of this doctoral thesis is a detailed analysis of the concept of the arbitration agreement under international conventions, specifically the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (the "New York Convention"), the European Convention on International Commercial Arbitration (the "European Convention"), under the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration (the "Model Law") and under Czech and German Law. The thesis covers all aspects of the arbitration agreement, analysing it from the perspective of material norms. The regulation of any conflict of rules is mentioned only if it is appropriate for an analysis of the substantive norms of the elements of an arbitration agreement. The individual chapters of this thesis address the concept and elementary characteristics of the arbitration agreement and the formal and material requirements, effects, extent and ending of the arbitration agreement. Special attention is paid to arbitration agreements concluded regarding disputes arising from and in connection with agreements entered into between consumers and entrepreneurs (sellers or suppliers), because the Czech regulation of such arbitration agreements was regarded as insufficient...
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Těšinová, Jolana. "Trestněprávní aspekty vztahu lékaře a pacienta." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-352264.
Full textAbstract:
Medical interventions such as interventions in the physical integrity of the patient are some of the most important interventions in the personal rights of individuals guaranteed by constitutional laws and international conventions. The basis for criminal law investigation of physician's procedure is an issue of professionally correct procedure (procedure called lege artis). The healthcare provision - including the interventions in the physical integrity of the patient - is perceived in Czech law as a law qualified activity undertaken for the purpose approved by the legal order. As a result of the constitution of informed consent of the patient with a medical procedure this fact must be taken into account when defining a new criminal characteristics of medical intervention. The dissertation aims to provide a comprehensive legal analysis of the criminal aspects related to decisions made by physicians and to the medically indicated care provision in the context of legislative changes in healthcare, recodification of criminal law as well as civil law. Issues related to active intentional termination of life on request of the patient (euthanasia) were not subject to the processing of this matter. The dissertation analyzes in detail the individual institutes of healthcare legislation, medico-legal...