Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Problèmes de performance'
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Lacot, Émilie. "L'évaluation psychotechnique des performances mnésiques : problèmes épistémologiques et méthodologiques." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20099.
Full textThe use of psycho-technical scores by neuropsychology researchers to test research hypotheses and neuropsychologists to perform memory assessments lacks scientific legitimacy if these scores are not measurements. A neuropsychology researcher who wants to decide between two competing theoretical approaches, by means of a case study, rather should consider whether the theories predict the probability of success in test items belonging to disjoint ranges. This implies that the notion of probability of success of an item by the patient is empirically based (absence of any learning). If learning takes place, especially in a patient with brain-injury, the scientific problem is different since it is to discover what make learning possible. The clinician, the practitioner of neuropsychological tests, participates in his turn to a diagnostic institution obliges to make a selection of patients who will benefit from further examination of their brains. In this perspective, the psycho-technical scores feed a socio-technical system whose legitimacy not expected to be merely scientific but also political. Scientism determining the current conditions of test validation not only masks the political aspect of this system, but also prevents researchers to think about what measuring means (the scoring of a performance is not equivalent to measuring a theoretical quantity). The methodology for this reflection is based on (i) a series of standard studies (validation testing, case study) and (ii) a thorough analysis of the notion of testability of research hypotheses used by neuropsychology researchers, and assumptions underlying measurability of a theoretical quantity
Fortin, Pierre. "Algorithmique hiérarchique parallèle haute performance pour les problèmes à N-corps." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00135843.
Full textNous étudions tout d'abord deux expressions distinctes du principal opérateur (« multipôle-to-local ») ainsi que les bornes d'erreur associées. Pour ces deux expressions, nous présentons une formulation matricielle dont l'implémentation avec des routines BLAS (Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms) permet d'améliorer fortement l'efficacité de calcul. Dans la gamme de précisions qui nous intéresse, cette approche se révèle plus performante que les améliorations existantes (FFT, rotations et ondes planes), pour des distributions uniformes ou non.
Outre une nouvelle structure de données pour l'octree sous-jacent et des contributions algorithmiques à la version adaptative, nous avons aussi efficacement parallélisé notre méthode en mémoire partagée et en mémoire distribuée. Enfin, des comparaisons avec des codes dédiés justifient l'intérêt de notre code pour des simulations en astrophysique.
Jurkowiak, Bernard. "Programmation haute performance pour la résolution des problèmes SAT et CSP." Amiens, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AMIE0410.
Full textPageau, Normand. "Évaluation et prédiction de performance de problèmes irréguliers sur une architecture parallèle." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0009/MQ41976.pdf.
Full textLuu, Keurfon. "Optimisation numérique stochastique évolutionniste : application aux problèmes inverses de tomographie sismique." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM077/document.
Full textSeismic traveltime tomography is an ill-posed optimization problem due to the non-linear relationship between traveltime and velocity model. Besides, the solution is not unique as many models are able to explain the observed data. The non-linearity and non-uniqueness issues are typically addressed by using methods relying on Monte Carlo Markov Chain that thoroughly sample the model parameter space. However, these approaches cannot fully handle the computer resources provided by modern supercomputers. In this thesis, I propose to solve seismic traveltime tomography problems using evolutionary algorithms which are population-based stochastic optimization methods inspired by the natural evolution of species. They operate on concurrent individuals within a population that represent independent models, and evolve through stochastic processes characterizing the different mechanisms involved in natural evolution. Therefore, the models within a population can be intrinsically evaluated in parallel which makes evolutionary algorithms particularly adapted to the parallel architecture of supercomputers. More specifically, the works presented in this manuscript emphasize on the three most popular evolutionary algorithms, namely Differential Evolution, Particle Swarm Optimization and Covariance Matrix Adaptation - Evolution Strategy. The feasibility of evolutionary algorithms to solve seismic tomography problems is assessed using two different data sets: a real data set acquired in the context of hydraulic fracturing and a synthetic refraction data set generated using the Marmousi velocity model that presents a complex geology structure
Kudawoo, Ayaovi Dzifa. "Problèmes industriels de grande dimension en mécanique numérique du contact : performance, fiabilité et robustesse." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00773642.
Full textRigal, Laure. "Étude sur la performance des algorithmes génétiques appliqués à une classe de problèmes d'optimisation." Nantes, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NANT2109.
Full textGenetic algorithms (GAs) are computation methods inspired by evolution. They have drawn much attention as optimization methods in the last two decades. These optimization methods are population-based algorithms which simulate natural evolution. A population is a set of individuals. Each of them represents a candidate solution to the optimization problem. Populations were evolved by applying genetic operators (mutation process, crossing-over process, selection process). When defining a GA we need to choose some parameters probability of mutation, probability of crossover, the selection pressure, the population size and the penalty coefficients. The complexity of the interaction between the parameters make the selection of a perfect tuning/controlling of them very difficult. In order to compare the asymptotical behavior of GAs which have different parameters controlling, we used the theory of the perturbed Markov Chain made by Freidlin and Wentzell in Random perturbations of dynamical systems. In this thesis, we propose different ways to control the GAs parameters
Kudawoo, Ayaovi Dzifa. "Problèmes industriels de grande dimension en mécanique numérique du contact : performance, fiabilité et robustesse." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4771/document.
Full textThis work deals with computational contact mechanics between deformable solids. The aim of this work is to improve the performance, the reliability and the robustness of the algorithms and numerical models set in Code_Aster which is finite element code developped by Électricité De France (EDF) for its engineering needs. The proposed algorithms are used to solve high dimensional industrial problems in order to optimize the computational running times. Several solutions techniques are available in the field of computational contact mechanics but they must take into account the difficulties coming from non-smooth aspects due to Signorini-Coulomb laws coupled to large deformations of bodies and material non linearities. Firstly the augmented Lagrangian formulation so-called « stabilized Lagrangian » is introduced. Successively, the mathematical properties of the discrete operators are highlighted and furthermore a novel energetic function is presented. Secondly the kinematical condition with regard to the normal unknowns are reinforced through unconstrained optimization techniques which result to a novel formulation which is so-called « non standard augmented Lagrangian formulation ». Three types of strategies are implemented in the code. The generalized Newton method is developped : it is a method in which all the non linearities are solved in one loop of iterations. The partial Newton method is an hybrid technique between the generalized Newton one and a fixed point method
Oulamara, Ammar. "Contribution à l'étude des problèmes d'ordonnancement flowshop avec contraintes supplémentaires : Complexité et méthodes de résolution." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00607288.
Full textTakahashi, Nozomi. "Aspects et problèmes de l'enseignement du japonais langue étrangère à des non-spécialistes." Paris 8, 2009. http://octaviana.fr/document/152212493#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textOur study aims at showing which place, which role and which means are those of the teaching of Japanese as a Foreign Language (JFL) within various institutions. We start from the Japanese linguistic system, in its connection with the French system, with the questioning, as regards to the teaching, brought by the evolution of resources, methodologies and curricula of formation, notably the CEFR. The population that is being studied is composed of students with professional and / or personal objectives, in particular in the LANSAD courses (Foreign Language Teaching for Non-specialists) of universities and “grandes écoles”. Our hypothesis are the following: that teaching fit within the historical and geopolitical conditions of the spread of Japanese language in the world; a better knowledge of the non-specialist student is necessary, given the diversity of the profiles; and a well-considered pedagogical eclecticism must match that diversity. The survey resorts to the analysis of texts, curricula and textbooks, with questionnaires and interviews, as well as the watching of students (written corpus and interactions). Our work should allow to provide a synthesis of the research on the topic and to open didactic prospects
Lacroix, Katherine. "L’influence du quartier de résidence et des problèmes de comportement extériorisés sur le rendement scolaire des adolescents." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11553.
Full textAbstract : This study investigates if the socioeconomic composition, as well as the physical and social disorder of neighborhoods were associated with academic performance among Quebec school children, with and without conduct problems, aged 12 to 15 (N = 630). In particular, the moderating role of conduct problems was explored. Findings indicated that physical and social disorder, along with the percentage of low income individuals in the neighborhood were associated with some aspects of academic performance. Conduct problems did, however, moderate between neighborhood variables and school performance. The implications of these findings will also be discussed.
Brogna, Gianluigi. "Probabilistic Bayesian approaches to model the global vibro-acoustic performance of vehicles." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI082.
Full textIn the automotive domain, although already quite elaborate, the current approaches to predict and analyse the vibro-acoustic behaviour of a vehicle are still far from the complexity of the real system. Among other limitations, design specifications are still essentially based on extreme loading conditions, useful when verifying the mechanical strength, but not representative of the actual vehicle usage, which is instead important when addressing the vibro-acoustic performance. As a consequence, one main aim here is to build a prediction model able to take into account the loading scenarios representative of the actual vehicle usage, as well as the car structural uncertainty (due, for instance, to production dispersion). The proposed model shall cover the low and mid-frequency domain. To this aim, four main steps are proposed in this work: (1) the definition of a model for a general vehicle system, pertinent to the vibro-acoustic responses of interest; (2) the estimation of the whole set of loads applied to this system in a large range of operating conditions; (3) the statistical analysis and modelling of these loads as a function of the vehicle operating conditions; (4) the analysis of the application of the modelled loads to non-parametric stochastic transfer functions, representative of the vehicle structural uncertainty. To achieve the previous steps, ad hoc Bayesian algorithms have been developed and applied to a large industrial database. The Bayesian framework is considered here particularly valuable since it allows taking into account prior knowledge, namely from automotive experts, and since it easily enables uncertainty propagation between the layers of the probabilistic model. Finally, this work shows that the proposed algorithms, more than simply yielding a model of the vibro-acoustic response of a vehicle, are also useful to gain deep insights on the dominant physical mechanisms at the origin of the response of interest
Genet, Damien. "Conception et réalisation d'un solveur pour les problèmes de dynamique des fluides pour les architectures many-core." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0379/document.
Full textNumerical simulation is nowadays an essential part of engineering analysis, be it to design anew plane, or to detect underground oil reservoirs. Numerical simulations have indeed become an important complement to theoretical and experimental investigation, allowing one to reduce the cost of engineering design processes. In order to achieve a high level of precision, one need to increase the resolution of his computational domain. So to keep getting results in reasonable time, one shall nd a way to speed-up computations. To do this, we use high performance computing, HPC, to exploit the complex architecture of modern supercomputers. Under these two constraints, and some other like the genericity of finite elements, or the mesh dimension, we developed a new platform AeroSol. In this thesis, we present the mathematical background, and the two types of schemes that are implemented in the platform, the continuous finite elements method, and the discontinuous one. Then, we present the design choices made in the platform,then, we study a sub-problem, the assembly operation, which can be found in linear algebra multi-frontal methods
Alsayasneh, Maha. "On the identification of performance bottlenecks in multi-tier distributed systems." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALM009.
Full textToday's distributed systems are made of various software componentswith complex interactions and a large number of configurationsettings. Pinpointing the performance bottlenecks is generally a non-trivial task, which requires human expertise as well as trial anderror. Moreover, the same software stack may exhibit very differentbottlenecks depending on factors such as the underlying hardware, theapplication logic, the configuration settings, and the operatingconditions. This work aims to (i) investigate whether it is possibleto identify a set of key metrics that can be used as reliable andgeneral indicators of performance bottlenecks, (ii) identify thecharacteristics of these indicators, and (iii) build a tool that canautomatically and accurately determine if the system reaches itsmaximum capacity in terms of throughput.In this thesis, we present three contributions. First, we present ananalytical study of a large number of realistic configuration setupsof multi-tier distributed applications, more specifically focusing ondata processing pipelines. By analyzing a large number of metrics atthe hardware and at the software level, we identify the ones thatexhibit changes in their behavior at the point where the systemreaches its maximum capacity. We consider these metrics as reliableindicators of performance bottlenecks. Second, we leverage machinelearning techniques to build a tool that can automatically identifyperformance bottlenecks in the data processing pipeline. We considerdifferent machine learning methods, different selections of metrics,and different cases of generalization to new setups. Third, to assessthe validity of the results obtained considering the data processingpipeline for both the analytical and the learning-based approaches,the two approaches are applied to the case of a Web stack.From our research, we draw several conclusions. First, it is possibleto identify key metrics that act as reliable indicators of performancebottlenecks for a multi-tier distributed system. More precisely,identifying when the server has reached its maximum capacity can beidentified based on these reliable metrics. Contrary to the approachadopted by many existing works, our results show that a combination ofmetrics of different types is required to ensure reliableidentification of performance bottlenecks in a large number ofsetups. We also show that approaches based on machine learningtechniques to analyze metrics can identify performance bottlenecks ina multi-tier distributed system. The comparison of different modelsshows that the ones based on the reliable metrics identified by ouranalytical study are the ones that achieve the bestaccuracy. Furthermore, our extensive analysis shows the robustness ofthe obtained models that can generalize to new setups, to new numbersof clients, and to both new setups and new numbers ofclients. Extending the analysis to a Web stack confirmsthe main findings obtained through the study of the data processingpipeline. These results pave the way towards a general and accuratetool to identify performance bottlenecks in distributed systems
Rouet, François-Henry. "Problèmes de mémoire et de performance de la factorisation multifrontale parallèle et de la résolution triangulaire à seconds membres creux." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00785748.
Full textAuvray, Alexis. "Contributions à l'amélioration de la performance des conditions aux limites approchées pour des problèmes de couche mince en domaines non réguliers." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEC018/document.
Full textTransmission problems with thin layer are delicate to approximate numerically, because of the necessity to build meshes on the scale of the thin layer. It is common to avoid these difficulties by using problems with approximate boundary conditions — also called impedance conditions. Whereas the approximation of transmission problems by impedance problems turns out to be successful in the case of smooth domains, the situation is less satisfactory in the presence of corners and edges. The goal of this thesis is to propose new impedance conditions, more efficient, to correct this lack of performance. For that purpose, the asymptotic expansions of the various models -problems are built and studied to locate exactly the origin of the loss, in connection with the singular profiles associated to corners and edges. New impedance conditions are built, of multi-scale Robin or Venctel types. At first studied in dimension 2, they are then generalized in certain situations in dimension 3. Simulations have been carried out to confirm the efficiency of the theoretical methods to some
Claudel, Fabrice. "Étude de faisabilité d'un appareil échographique de faibles dimensions destiné au contrôle du volume urinaire dans les problèmes de dysuries." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10299.
Full textGobé, Alexis. "Méthodes Galerkin discontinues pour la simulation de problèmes multiéchelles en nanophotonique et applications au piégeage de la lumière dans des cellules solaires." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4011.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is the numerical study of light trapping in nanostructured solar cells. Climate change has become a major issue requiring a short-term energy transition. In this context, solar energy seems to be an ideal energy source. This resource is both globally scalable and environmentally friendly. In order to maximize its penetration, it is needed to increase the amount of light absorbed and reduce the costs associated with cell design. Light trapping is a strategy that achieves both of these objectives. The principle is to use nanometric textures to focus the light in the absorbing semiconductor layers. In this work, the Discontinuous Galerkin Time-Domain (DGTD) method is introduced. Two major methodological developments are presented, allowing to better take into account the characteristics of solar cells. First, the use of a local approximation order is proposed, based on a particular order distribution strategy. The second development is the use of hybrid meshes mixing structured hexahedral and unstructured tetrahedral elements. Realistic cases of solar cells from the literature and collaborations with physicists in the field of photovoltaics illustrate the contribution of these developments. A case of inverse optimization of a diffraction grating in a solar cell is also presented by coupling the numerical solver with a Bayesian optimization algorithm. In addition, an in-depth study of the solver's performance has also been carried out with methodological modifications to counter load balancing problems. Finally, a more prospective method, the Multiscale Hybrid-Mixed method (MHM) specialized in solving very highly multiscale problems is introduced. A multiscale time scheme is presented and its stability is proven
Mehri, Meryem. "Frais, performance et risque des fonds d'investissement islamiques et conventionnels : une approche théorique et empirique." Thesis, Paris 9, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA090053.
Full textIslamic and conventional investment funds have the same purpose. However, unlike conventional funds, Islamic funds offer different investment contracts and have to invest in accordance with a set of selection rules. This dissertation focuses on developing theoretical and empirical analysis framework to explain the fixed and performance fees, the performance and the risk of investment funds. Thus, we begin by developing a theoretical analysis about profit and loss-Sharing contracts (venture capital) that face agency problems. Based on this theoretical framework, a theoretical model, in the presence of adverse selection problem between the fund manager and the investor, shows that the risk aversions of the fund manager and the investor have respectively an impact on the periodic performance fees (carried interest) during the bargaining stage. The conclusions of this model lead us to empirically explain the terms of compensation and profit-Sharing, the performance and the risk of funds. To achieve our objective, we create a unique database that has an international sample of Islamic and conventional funds grouped by management company. By distinguishing between Islamic and conventional funds, the legal, political and economic conditions explain their fees, performance and risk
Japhet, Caroline. "Méthode de décomposition de domaine et conditions aux limites artificielles en mécanique des fluides: méthode Optimisée d'Orde 2." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00558701.
Full textPacaud, Damien. "Développement de techniques différences finies-volumes finis performantes en électromagnétisme." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12356.
Full textMadiouni, Riadh. "Contribution à la synthèse et l’optimisation multi-objectif par essaims particulaires de lois de commande robuste RST de systèmes dynamiques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1053/document.
Full textThis research focuses on the systematic synthesis and optimization of digital RST structure based controllers thanks to global metaheuristics approaches. The classic and hard problems of closed-loop poles placement and sensitivity functions shaping of RST control are well formulated as constrained multi-objective problems to be solved with proposed metaheuristics algorithms NSGA-II, MODE, MOPSO and especially epsilon-MOPSO. Two formulations of the metaheuristics-tuned RST problem have been proposed. The first one, which is given in the time domain, deals with the minimization of several performance criteria like the Integral Square Error (ISE) and the Maximum Overshoot (MO) indices. These optimal criteria, related primarily to the step response of the controlled plant, are optimized under non-analytical constraints defined by temporal templates on the closed-loop dynamics. In the second approach, a formulation in the frequency domain is retained. The proposed strategy aims to optimize a desired output sensitivity function satisfying H∞ robustness constraints. The use of a suitable fixed part of the optimized output sensitivity function will provide partial pole placement of the closed-loop dynamics of the digital RST controller. The opposite of such desired sensitivity function will define the associated H∞ weighting filter. The Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) technique is particularly retained for the resolution of all formulated multi-objective RST control problems. An adaptive grid based MOPSO algorithm is firstly proposed and then improved based on the epsilon-dominance concepts. Such proposed epsilon-MOPSO algorithm, with a good diversity of the provided Pareto solutions and fast convergence time, showed a remarkable superiority compared to the standard MOPSO, NSGA-II and MODE algorithms. Performance metrics, such as generational distance, error rate and spacing, are presented for the statistical analysis of the achieved multi-optimization results. An application to the variable speed RST control of an electrical DC drive is performed, also for the RST position control of a flexible transmission plant with varying loads. Demonstrative simulations and comparisons are carried out in order to show the validity and the effectiveness of the proposed metaheuristics-based tuned RST control approach, which is formulated in the multi-objective optimization framework
Chaumette, Eric. "Contribution à la caractérisation des performances des problèmes conjoints de détection et d'estimation." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00132161.
Full textChaumette, Éric. "Contribution à la caractérisation des performances des problèmes conjoints de détection et d'estimation." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00132161.
Full textA wide variety of actual processing (Radar, Sonar, Telecoms. . . ) requires a detection step, who main effect is to restrict the set of observations available for unknown parameter estimation. Therefore, we address the derivation of Mean Square Error (MSE) lower bounds for determinii parameters conditioned by a binary hypothesis testing problem using a didactic approach of wi scope. To prove mat it is meaningful, we also show, with the help of a fundamental applicatior the problem of lower bound tightness at low SNR may arise from an incorrect lower bound formulation that does not take into account the true nature of the problem under investigation: joint detection-estimation problem
Razafindralambo, Tahiry. "Performances des couches MAC dans les réseaux sans fil ad hoc : problèmes et solutions." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00532658.
Full textVert, Daniel. "Étude des performances des machines à recuit quantique pour la résolution de problèmes combinatoires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG026.
Full textThe main contribution of this thesis is to investigate the behavior of analog quantum computers as commercialized by D-Wave when confronted to instances of the maximum cardinality matching problem which is specifically designed to be hard to solve by means of simulated annealing. We benchmark a D-Wave “Washington” (2X) with 1098 operational qubits on various sizes of such instances and observe that for all but the most trivially small of these it fails to obtain an optimal solution. Thus, our results suggest that quantum annealing, at least as implemented in a D-Wave device, falls in the same pitfalls as simulated annealing and hence provides additional evidences suggesting that there exist polynomial-time problems that such a machine cannot solve efficiently to optimality. Additionally, we investigate the extent to which the qubits interconnection topologies explains these latter experimental results
Norre, Sylvie. "Problèmes de placement de taches sur des architectures multiprocesseurs : méthodes stochastiques et évaluation des performances." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF21511.
Full textRavier, Béatrice. "Méthodes performantes de résolution de grands systèmes linéaires." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112215.
Full textThis work deals essentially with fast solving methods of large linear systems for an elliptic problem given in a domain included in R2, and composed with one, then several rectangles (domain having L-form or "fork"-domain). In the last chapter, the case of general domain is approached. The aim of the mathematical methods described for effecting the resolution on composite domains is to display subproblems on every component rectangle, where the fast solving algorithms, specially written for those elementary domains can be used (Fourier Analysis (FA), Cyclic Reduction (CH) and FACR(1)). The problems of association of domains are considered in two different ways: the rectangles have or have not the same mesh. For this second case, more interesting, in a first time, is the research of adapted interpolations (linear, of degree 2) required for the discretization of the equation on the in terface entered upon; then the problem is considered in an ether point of view, using the integral equations method which allows not to take care of the mesh, and which also allows to avoid difficulties of approach of the solution on the interface. The elliptic problem in general domains is solved by imbedding of this last one in a rectangle, where the situation is easy
Touati, Nora. "Amélioration des performances du schéma de la génération de colonnes : application aux problèmes de tournées de véhicules." Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA132032.
Full textColumgeneration algorithms are instrumental in many areas of applied optimization where linear programs with an enormous number of variables need to be solued. Although success fully used in many applications, this method suffers from well-known "instability" issues, that somewhat limit its efficiency. This work focuses on accelerating strategies in a column generation algorithm. We propose some diversifiication methods in order to decrease the total number of generated columns and then master problems resolution time. We interest also to solving efficiently the pricing problems, by proposing an improning approch based on reoptimization principle and a new variant of the dynamic programming algorithm. The effectiveness of these approches is validated on vehicule routing problem with time windows
Dureisseix, David. "Vers des stratégies de calcul performantes pour les problèmes multiphysiques et le passage par le multiéchelle." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00083731.
Full textPlus récemment, l'émergence des modélisations multiphysiques couplées requière des capacités de traitement d'autant plus grandes. Une particularité de ce type de modélisations est le caractère multiéchelle marqué, à la fois en temps et en espace, du problème couplé.
Dans ce mémoire, les travaux réalisés pour tirer parti du caractère multiéchelle en espace concernent principalement une stratégie de calcul micro / macro située à l'intersection des méthodes de décomposition de domaine, et des stratégies d'homogénéisation. Elle conduit à une stratégie de calcul extensible, et à une homogénéisation automatique, qui ne nécessite pas de traitement particulier des zones bords. Dans un deuxième temps, une stratégie de calcul adaptée aux problèmes multiphysiques, et développée dans le cadre de la poroélasticité, est présentée et sa faisabilité est montrée, sans tirer encore parti des propriétés du problème (multiéchelle à la fois en espace et en temps) pour augmenter ses performances.
Outre ce dernier point, pour aller vers des stratégies performantes pour le multiphysique, les perspectives intègrent entre autre, le contrôle et l'adaptivité pour la robustesse de l'approche, et le couplage de codes pour la mise en oeuvre. L'objectif est la construction d'outils permettant la simulation de composants ou de systèmes mettant en jeu des physiques différentes, et, comme c'est aussi souvent leur cas aussi, des procédés d'obtention et de conception.
Diouane, Youssef. "Globally convergent evolution strategies with application to Earth imaging problem in geophysics." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/12202/1/Diouane.pdf.
Full textGuivarch, Ronan. "Résolution parallèle de problèmes aux limites couplés par des méthodes de sous-domaines synchrones et asynchrones." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT044H.
Full textArres, Billel. "Optimisation des performances dans les entrepôts distribués avec Mapreduce : traitement des problèmes de partionnement et de distribution des données." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2012.
Full textIn this manuscript, we addressed the problems of data partitioning and distribution for large scale data warehouses distributed with MapReduce. First, we address the problem of data distribution. In this case, we propose a strategy to optimize data placement on distributed systems, based on the collocation principle. The objective is to optimize queries performances through the definition of an intentional data distribution schema of data to reduce the amount of data transferred between nodes during treatments, specifically during MapReduce’s shuffling phase. Secondly, we propose a new approach to improve data partitioning and placement in distributed file systems, especially Hadoop-based systems, which is the standard implementation of the MapReduce paradigm. The aim is to overcome the default data partitioning and placement policies which does not take any relational data characteristics into account. Our proposal proceeds according to two steps. Based on queries workload, it defines an efficient partitioning schema. After that, the system defines a data distribution schema that meets the best user’s needs, and this, by collocating data blocks on the same or closest nodes. The objective in this case is to optimize queries execution and parallel processing performances, by improving data access. Our third proposal addresses the problem of the workload dynamicity, since users analytical needs evolve through time. In this case, we propose the use of multi-agents systems (MAS) as an extension of our data partitioning and placement approach. Through autonomy and self-control that characterize MAS, we developed a platform that defines automatically new distribution schemas, as new queries appends to the system, and apply a data rebalancing according to this new schema. This allows offloading the system administrator of the burden of managing load balance, besides improving queries performances by adopting careful data partitioning and placement policies. Finally, to validate our contributions we conduct a set of experiments to evaluate our different approaches proposed in this manuscript. We study the impact of an intentional data partitioning and distribution on data warehouse loading phase, the execution of analytical queries, OLAP cubes construction, as well as load balancing. We also defined a cost model that allowed us to evaluate and validate the partitioning strategy proposed in this work
Abdalass, El Montasser. "Résolution performante du problème de stokes par mini-éléments, maillages auto-adaptatifs et méthodes multigrille : Applications." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ECDL0015.
Full textMerrad, Walid. "Interfaces tangibles et réalité duale pour la résolution collaborative de problèmes autour de tables interactives distribuées." Thesis, Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPHF0010.
Full textIn everyday life, new interactions are gradually replacing the standard computer keyboardand mouse, by using the human body gestures (hands, fingers, head, etc.) as alternativesof interactions on surfaces and in-air. Another type of interaction resides within the manipulationof everyday objects to interact with digital systems. Interactive tabletops haveemerged as new platforms in several domains, offering better usability and facilitatingmulti-user collaboration, thanks to their large display surface and different interactiontechniques on their surfaces, such as multi-touch and tangible. Therefore, improving interaction(s) on these devices and combining it (respectively them) with other conceptscan prove more useful and helpful in the everyday life of users and designers.The topic of this thesis focuses on studying user interactions on tangible interactivetabletops, in a context of use set in a dual reality environment. Tangible User Interfacesoffer users the possibility to apprehend and grasp the meaning of digital information bymanipulating insightful tangible representations in our physical world. These interactionmetaphors are bridging both environments that constitute the dual reality: the physicalworld and the virtual world.In this perspective, this work presents a theoretical contribution along with itsapplications. We propose to combine tangible interaction on tabletops and dual realityin a conceptual framework, basically intended for application designers, that models andexplains interactions and representations, which operate in dual reality setups. First ofall, we expose various works carried out in the field of tangible interaction in general,then we focus on existing work conducted on tabletops. We also propose to list 112interactive tabletops, classified and characterized by several criteria. Next, we presentthe dual reality concept and its possible application domains. Second, we design ourproposal of the framework, illustrate and explain its composing elements, and how itcan adapt to various situations of dual reality, particularly with interactive tabletopsequipped with RFID technology. Finally, and as application contributions, we show casestudies that we designed based on our proposal, which illustrate implementations ofelements from our proposed framework. Research perspectives are finally highlighted atthe end of the manuscript
Kemmoe, Tchomte Sylverin. "Métaheuristiques, modèles mathématiques, modèles d'évaluation de performances pour le problème d'ordonnancement de projets sous contraintes de ressources." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF21757.
Full textBachmann, Etienne. "Imagerie ultrasonore 2D et 3D sur GPU : application au temps réel et à l'inversion de forme d'onde complète." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30133/document.
Full textIf the most important progresses in ultrasound imaging have been closely linked to the instrumentation's quality, the advent of computing science revolutionized this discipline by introducing growing possibilities in data processing to obtain a better picture. In addition, GPUs, which are the main components of the graphics cards deliver thanks to their architecture a significantly higher processing speed compared with processors, and also for scientific calculation purpose. The goal of this work is to take the best benefit of this new computing tool, by aiming two complementary applications. The first one is to enable real-time imaging with a better quality than other sonographic imaging techniques, thanks to the parallelization of the FTIM (Fast Tpological IMaging) imaging process. The second one is to introduce quantitative imaging and more particularly reconstructing the wavespeed map of an unknown medium, using Full Waveform Inversion
Silva, Nunes Ana Luisa. "Spectral approximation with matrices issued from discretized operators." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952977.
Full textMawhin, Barbara. "Stratégies de protection de la performance pour la conception de cockpits résilients : le cas de la fatigue en situation inattendue de résolution de problème." Thesis, Paris 5, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA05H122.
Full textHaidar, Azzam. "Sur l'extensibilité parallèle de solveurs linéaires hybrides pour des problèmes tridimensionels de grandes tailles." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00347948.
Full textNotargiacomo, Thibault. "Approche parcimonieuse et calcul haute performance pour la tomographie itérative régularisée." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT013/document.
Full textX-Ray computed tomography (CT) is a technique that aims at providing a measure of a given property of the interior of a physical object, given a set of exterior projection measurement. Although CT is a mature technology, most of the algorithm used for image reconstruction in commercial applications are based on analytical methods such as the filtered back-projection. The main idea of this thesis is to exploit the latest advances in the field of applied mathematics and computer sciences in order to study, design and implement algorithms dedicated to 3D cone beam reconstruction from X-Ray flat panel detectors targeting clinically relevant usecases, including low doses and few view acquisitions.In this work, we studied various strategies to model the tomographic operators, and how they can be implemented on a multi-GPU platform. Then we proposed to use the 3D complex wavelet transform in order to regularize the reconstruction problem
Bruned, Vianney. "Analyse statistique et interprétation automatique de données diagraphiques pétrolières différées à l’aide du calcul haute performance." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS064.
Full textIn this thesis, we investigate the automation of the identification and the characterization of geological strata using well logs. For a single well, geological strata are determined thanks to the segmentation of the logs comparable to multivariate time series. The identification of strata on different wells from the same field requires correlation methods for time series. We propose a new global method of wells correlation using multiple sequence alignment algorithms from bioinformatics. The determination of the mineralogical composition and the percentage of fluids inside a geological stratum results in an ill-posed inverse problem. Current methods are based on experts’ choices: the selection of a subset of mineral for a given stratum. Because of a model with a non-computable likelihood, an approximate Bayesian method (ABC) assisted with a density-based clustering algorithm can characterize the mineral composition of the geological layer. The classification step is necessary to deal with the identifiability issue of the minerals. At last, the workflow is tested on a study case
Simon-Fiacre, Caroline. "Médiations sémiotiques en situation de co-résolution de problèmes : effets sur les stratégies et performances d'enfants de CP et de CE2 dans les tâches d'exploration ou d'encodage d'un parcours." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX10019.
Full textBelaïdouni, Mériéma. "Métaheuristiques et paysages de recherche." Angers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ANGE0022.
Full textMetaheuristics are a class of methods which are able to provide solutions of good quality in a reasonnable amount of time for difficult combinatorial problems. There exist a large number of applications of these methods but only few studies concern their fondamental aspects. This thesis is devoted to study some fondamental issues of metaheuristics. Three tightly related axis are explored : 1)the study of problems properties and measures, 2)the study of dynamics of metaheuristics, 3)the establishment of the relations between measures of problems and dynamics of metaheuristics. To validate this approach we have apllied it to two NP-complete problems : MAX-CSP and SAT
Bréhard, Thomas. "Estimation séquentielle et analyse de performances pour un problème de filtrage non linéaire partiellement observé : application à la trajectographie par mesure d'angles." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S118.
Full textBerquin, Yann. "Assessing the performances and optimizing the radar sounder design parameters for the EJSM mission (Ganymede and Europa)." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENU001/document.
Full textThe manuscript details the work performed in the course of my PhD on planetary sounding radar. The main goal of the study is to help designing and assessing the sounding radar performances. This instrument will be embarked on the ac{ESA}'s large class mission ac{JUICE} to probe Jupiter's environment and Jupiter's icy moons Callisto, Ganymede and Europa. As an introduction to the problem, a study on Ganymede's surface ac{DEM} and its implications with regard to the radar performances was performed. The results of this work put forward issues due to a hostile environment with important surface clutter which eventually lead to a decrease in the radar signal bandwidth to 8--10 MHz. A first section is then dedicated to the formulation of the direct problem of sounding radar with a focus on surface formulations. This section eventually leads to a novel algorithm for radar surface echo computation from meshed surfaces which proves to be both efficient and accurate. A second section studies the possibility to use surface formulation to recover geophysical surface parameters from sounding radar data. For that purpose, three main approaches are discussed namely (i) a linear approach, (ii) a gradient-based approach and (iii) a statistical approach. These techniques rely on a probabilistic view of the inverse problem at hand and yield good result with different setups. Although we mainly focus on surface reflectivity, we also discuss surface topography inversion. Finally, a last section discusses the work presented in the manuscript and provides perspectives for future work
Berquin, Yann. "Etude des performances et dimensionnement du radar pénétrateur pour la mission JUICE." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01069886.
Full textJuricic, Sarah. "Identifiability of the thermal performance of a building envelope from poorly informative data." Thesis, Chambéry, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CHAMA014.
Full textThe purpose of the thesis is to develop a building energy performance assessment based on in situ non intrusive measurements. An inverse method using the acquired data allows us to determine the building's characteristics, with more or less accuracy. What is particular in this work is the use of a Bayesian approach, which allows on one hand handling data even if scarce and on the other hand obtaining inherently uncertainty assessment
Sener, Tournus Pinar. "Family involvement in firm and its implications for firm performance : dividend behavior and foreign holdings." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010069.
Full textUsing insights mainly from agency theory, this dissertation intends to shed light on performance, dividend payout and foreign holdings' implications of family involvement in firm with an emphasis on Turkish family firms. The dissertation first investigates the net effect of family involvement on firm performance and the effect of moderators on that relationship by conducting a meta-analysis. It then shifts the focus on Turkey to examine whether family governance fills or abuses institutional gaps and look into how family firms alleviate concerns of expropriation of minority shareholders. Finally, it investigates how foreign investors perceive family involvement in firm and firm-level governance practices of family firms to mitigate investors' expropriation concerns in Turkey. The main findings of this dissertation show that the impact of family participation on firm performance is positive but modest. The development level of formal institutions in countries in which family firms operate moderates the relationship between family involvement and firm performance. In Turkey, moderate levels of family involvement in ownership are beneficial since accounting profitability reaches a peak at these levels and foreign investors value these levels of family participation in firm. On the other hand, when families have substantial voting rights and actively participate in management, dividend payouts reduce and family governance abuses institutional voids by expropriating other shareholders. Additionally, the effective use of firm-level governance practices by family firms mitigates foreign investors' concerns about family opportunism in Turkey
Brossier, Romain. "Imagerie sismique à deux dimensions des milieux visco-élastiques par inversion des formes d'ondes : développements méthodologiques et applications." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00451138.
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