Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Problèmes d'interdiction de réseaux'
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Salazar, zendeja Luis. "Modèles et algorithmes pour le problème d'interdiction de l'arbre couvrant de poids minimal." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Centrale Lille Institut, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022CLIL0028.
Full textIn this thesis, we study the Minimum Spanning Tree Interdiction (MSTI) problem. This problem is a two-player game between a network operator and an interdictor. The former aims to determine a Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) in a network. Constrained by a budget, the latter seeks to change the network topology to increase the weight of aMST. Two types of interdiction are considered: total and partial interdiction. A total interdicted edge is considered absent while the weight of a partial interdicted edge is augmented by a predefined amount. The interdictor’s budget ismodeled as a cardinality, each edge has the same interdiction weight, or knapsack constraint, the interdiction weightsmight be different. Seven mathematical formulations for the MSTI problem are devised. They proved to be efficient on small and medium-size graphs. A Branch-and-Price algorithm and a Benders Decomposition algorithm are designedfor larger graphs. In addition, valid inequalities are proposed to strengthen the models and improve the efficiency of the proposed methods. Instances including up to 200 nodes and 19900 edges are solved to optimality
Kauffmann, Bruno. "Problèmes inverses dans les réseaux." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00824860.
Full textCoulangeon, Renaud. "Réseaux quaternioniens et problèmes de densité." Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR10629.
Full textPalaysi, Jérôme. "Problèmes algorithmiques dans les réseaux tout-optique." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20173.
Full textDarties, Benoit. "Problèmes algorithmiques et de complexité dans les réseaux sans fil." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00270118.
Full textLa première partie de nos travaux s'intéresse à l'étude du problème de la diffusion d'un message émis depuis un noeud source unique vers l'ensemble des noeuds participant au réseau. Ce problème est abordé dans plusieurs modèles de communication, qui supposent tous des émissions omnidirectionnelles à portée fixée et l'existence de phénomènes d'interférences. Il en résulte l'incapacité pour un noeud donné de garantir la réception correcte de deux transmissions voisines simultanées. Nous étudions la complexité de ce problème et proposons des stratégies de résolution exactes ou avec garantie de performance.
Dans une seconde partie, l'un des modèles de communication précédemment introduits sert de support à l'étude d'un autre problème algorithmique, dont l'objet est la satisfaction de requêtes de communications. Les travaux menés sur ce problème visent à établir sa complexité ainsi que les facteurs dont elle dépend.
La dernière partie nous amène au problème de conception de réseaux sans fil. L'objectif est d'assurer une distribution de flux depuis des noeuds sources vers des noeuds clients, en minimisant le coût de l'infrastructure déployée. Les communications établies ici à l'aide d'antennes directionnelles ne sont pas sujettes aux phénomènes d'interférences. La difficulté du problème réside dans la satisfaction de contraintes de déploiement (nombre d'antennes limitées par noeud, résistance aux pannes, ...). Nous étudions la complexité de ce problème, et proposons plusieurs méthodes de résolution exactes et approchées pour des instances de taille raisonnable.
Darties, Benoît. "Problèmes algorithmiques et de complexité dans les réseaux sans fil." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20204.
Full textThe last couple of years have seen the advent of wireless networks, doped by their ease of deployment and their use in multiple fields: personal WiFi networks, mobile telephony, ad hoc networks, sensors networks,. . . The subject of this thesis relates to the study of algorithmic problems directly inspired by operating constraints which can be found in such networks. This manuscrit is divided into three parts. The first part of our work is devoted to the study of the problem of broadcasting a single source node message to all the other nodes of a network. This problem is tackled in various communication models. All the considered model suppose range-fixed omnidirectional transmissions subject to interference phenomena. It results from that, that any given node is unable to retrieve simultaneously two incoming transmissions. We study the complexity of this problem and propose some strategies in order to solve it. In a second part, We study another algorithmic problem in the same communication model, whose object is to satisfy a given set of communication requests. Our work consists in etablishing the complexity of this problem, and studying the impact of various factors on this complexity. The last part considers the problem of designing survivable radio networks. The objective is to ensure a distribution of bandwidth from source nodes to customers nodes, by minimizing the cost of the deployed infrastructure. Communications are made via directional antennas, and are not subjects to interferences. The difficulty of the problem lies in the satisfaction of deployment constraints (limited number of antennas per node, robustness against failures of nodes,. . . ). We study the complexity of this problem, and propose exact and approximated resolution methods to solve reasonable size instances
Montalva, Medel Marco. "Problèmes type "Feedback Set" et comportement dynamique des réseaux de régulation." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00629549.
Full textBelmega, Elena Veronica. "Problèmes d'allocation de ressources dans les réseaux MIMO sans fil distribués." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00556223.
Full textAbada, Assia. "Contribution à la résolution de problèmes d'ordonnancement par réseaux de neurones." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0161.
Full textEl, Zammar Chadi. "Interactions coopératives 3D distantes en environnements virtuels : gestion des problèmes réseaux." Rennes, INSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAR0001.
Full textDans cette thèse nous nous intéressons spécialement à l'étude des conséquences d'un problème réseau sur le comportement d'un environnement virtuel distribué. En effet, le réseau est un facteur qui agit directement sur la performance des systèmes d'environnements virtuels distribués : les problèmes de communication comme la latence réseau ou la déconnexion d'un site affectent directement les interactions distantes au sein d'un environnement virtuel. Nous proposons donc des solutions qui ont pour but d'atténuer l'effet de ces problèmes. Nos solutions se divisent en deux catégories : des solutions techniques au niveau du noyau d'un système d'environnements virtuels et des solutions au niveau applicatif. Au niveau noyau nous avons conçu un algorithme de synchronisation tolérant au délai et à la perte d'un site suite à une déconnexion. Nous avons réalisé aussi un mécanisme qui permet la migration d'objets d'un site à un autre au cours d'une simulation. Ce mécanisme a permis par la suite l'ajout et la suppression dynamique d'un site au cours d'une simulation. Au niveau applicatif nous avons réalisé un système d'informations qui a pour but de détecter un délai ou une déconnexion et de donner à l'utilisateur la conscience de l'existence d'un problème réseau à l'aide de métaphores visuelles. Ces métaphores doivent attirer l'attention d'un utilisateur sur le fait que quelques uns des objets virtuels ne sont pas disponibles ou pas à jour suite à une déconnexion par exemple
Belmega, Elena Veronica. "Problèmes d'allocations de ressouces dans les réseaux MIMO sans fil distribués." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112259.
Full textLn this thesis manuscript, the main objective is to study the wireless networks where the node terminals are equipped with multiple antennas. Rising topics such as self-optimizing networks, green communications and distributed algorithms have been approached mainly from a theoretical perspective. To this aim, we have used a diversified spectrum of tools from Game Theory, Information Theory, Random Matrix Theory and Learning Theory in Games. We start our analysis with the study of the power allocation problem in distributed networks. The transmitters are assumed to be autonomous and capable of allocating their powers to optimize their Shannon achievable rates. A non-cooperative game theoretical framework is used to investigate the solution to this problem. Distributed algorithms which converge towards the optimal solution, i. E. The Nash equilibrium, have been proposed. Two different approaches have been applied: iterative algorithms based on the best-response correspondence and reinforcement learning algorithms. Another major issue is related to the energy-efficiency aspect of the communication. Ln order to achieve high transmission rates, the power consumption is also high. Ln networks where the power consumption is the bottleneck, the Shannon achievable rate is no longer suitable performance metric. This is why we have also addressed the problem of optimizing an energy-efficiency function
Fadda, Alessandro. "Etude de problèmes inverses par algorithmes d'évolution et réseaux de neurones." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EPXX0023.
Full textHamadi, Youssef. "Traitement des problèmes de satisfaction de contraintes distribués." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20097.
Full textGuggiola, Alberto. "Une approche physique-statistique à différents problèmes dans la théorie des réseaux." Thesis, Paris, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSU0034/document.
Full textStatistical physics, originally developed to describe thermodynamic systems, has been playing for the last decades a central role in modelling an incredibly large and heterogeneous set of different phenomena taking for instance place on social, economical or biological systems. Such a vast field of possible applications has been found also for networks, as a huge variety of systems can be described in terms of interconnected elements. After an introductory part introducing these themes as well as the role of abstract modelling in science, in this dissertation it will be discussed how a statistical physics approach can lead to new insights as regards three problems of interest in network theory: how some quantity can be optimally spread on a graph, how to explore it and how to reconstruct it from partial information. Some final remarks on the importance such themes will likely preserve in the coming years conclude the work
Richard, Pascal. "Contribution des réseaux de Petri à l'étude de problèmes de recherche opérationnelle." Tours, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOUR4022.
Full textKuri, Josué. "Problèmes d'optimisation dans les réseaux optiques de transport avec des connexions planifiées." Paris, ENST, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENST0028.
Full textWe investigate optimization problems arising in the engineering of an Optical Transport Network (OTN). We propose a dynamic deterministic traffic model called Scheduled Lightpath Demands (SLDs) in which a connection demand is represented by a tuple (s, d, n, a, o); s and d are the source and destination nodes, n is the number of requested connections and a/o are the set-up/tear-down dates of the connections. The model captures the time and space distribution of a set of demands and eases the use of combinatorial optimization techniques to solve network optimization problems. We address 3 OTN engineering problems involving SLDs: Routing and Wavelength Assignment, Diverse Routing and Spare Capacity Assignment, and Routing and Grooming in a multi-granularity switching network. We formulate the problems as optimization problems and propose meta-heuristic algorithms to compute approximate solutions. The algorithms provide solutions of good quality in reasonable computing time
Sauget, Marc. "Parallélisation de problèmes d'apprentissage par des réseaux neuronaux artificiels. Application en radiothérapie externe." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00260013.
Full textLa première partie a donc porté sur la mise au point de l'algorithme d'apprentissage des réseaux de neurones. Un des problèmes majeurs lors de la préparation de l'apprentissage concerne la détermination de la structure optimale permettant l'apprentissage le plus efficace possible. Pour construire un réseau proche de l'optimal, nous nous sommes basés sur une construction incrémentale du réseau. Ensuite, pour permettre une prise en charge des nombreux paramètres liés à notre domaine d'application, et du volume des données nécessaires à un apprentissage rigoureux, nous nous sommes attachés à paralléliser notre algorithme. Nous avons obtenu, à la fin de cette première phase de nos travaux, un algorithme d'apprentissage incrémental et parallèle pouvant être déployé de manière efficace sur une grappe de calcul non-fiable. Ce déploiement est possible grâce à l'ajout d'un mécanisme de tolérance aux pannes. La deuxième partie, quant à elle, a consisté en la mise au point d'algorithmes permettant l'évaluation des doses déposées lors d'une irradiation. Ces algorithmes utilisent les réseaux de neurones comme référence pour la valeur des doses ainsi que le principe de continuité de la dose en tout point du milieu. Ils ont été construits à partir d'une fine observation du comportement de la courbe de dépôt de dose à chaque changement de milieu.
En aboutissement, nous présentons des expérimentations montrant les performances de notre algorithme d'apprentissage, ainsi que de nos algorithmes d'évaluation de doses dans différentes configurations.
Bouziane, Zakaria. "Algorithmes primitifs récursifs et problèmes EXPSPACE-Complets dans les réseaux de Petri cycliques." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DENS0023.
Full textChakroun, Nasr Ali. "Problèmes de circuits, chemins et diamètres dans les graphes : routage dans les réseaux." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112354.
Full textYang, Zhen. "Etude de problèmes de localisation de sites dans la conception des réseaux logistiques." Troyes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TROY0036.
Full textFacility location is a strategic decision for supply chain management. In this thesis, we study several basic realistic facility location problems, which include a new variant of capacitated clustering problem (VCCP), facility location problem with single-sourcing (SSCFLP), with vehicle routing (CLRP) and with two stages (TSCFLP). We develop effective methods for finding high quality solutions and tight lower bounds for these problems by improving and extending existing cutting plane methods and applying cut-and-solve (CS) approach and La-grangian relaxation (LR) method. For the VCCP, a LR method coupled with effective multipliers updating techniques, is developed to find its high quality near optimal solution. For the SSCFLP and the TSCFLP, a CS approach combined with cutting plane methods and partial integrality strategy is proposed to their exact resolution. For the CLRP, a new model is proposed. New valid inequalities are identified to strengthen the linear relaxation of the model. A cutting plane method and a partial branch-and-cut approach are developed to find tight lower bounds of the problem. Numerical results show that our algorithms can: 1) produce a high quality near optimal solution for randomly generated instances of the VCCP with average duality gap 0. 51% and 2% in the worst case. 2) find optimal solutions for all benchmark instances of SSCFLP in a few seconds. 3) find optimal solutions for 50 bench-mark instances of TSCFLP for the first time. 4) reduce the optimality gap by 1. 2% on average for the CLRP
Kande, Sona. "Etude et résolution de problèmes de planification dans des réseaux logistiques multi-échelons." Thesis, Troyes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TROY0015/document.
Full textThis work presents a planning problem in a distribution network incorporating two levels inventory management of perishable products, lot-sizing, multi-sourcing and transport capacity with a homogeneous fleet of vehicles. A mixed integer linear programming (MILP) a greedy heuristic and a reactive randomized heuristic are developed to solve this real planning problem. There are some instances for which the solver CPLEX cannot give a good upper bound within the limited time and for other instances it takes a lot of time to solve MILP. The heuristics are alternatives to the mixed integer linear program to quickly solve some large instances taking into account original and difficult constraints. For some instances the gap between the solutions of the solver (MILP) and the heuristics becomes quite significant. The variable neighborhood descent (VND), the iterated local search (ILS) and the multi-start iterated local search (MS-ILS) are implemented. These methods are included in an APS (Advanced Planning System) and compared with a MILP solver. The instances are derived from actual data or built using a random generator of instances to have wider diversity for computational evaluation. A lagrangian relaxation is developed to compare the solutions of the instances, for which CPLEX cannot give a good upper bound within the limited time, with the other methods (greedy heuristic, VND, ILS and MS-ILS). A lagrangian heuristic is proposed; the solution of lagrangian relaxation is used to build a feasible solution with a repair heuristic
Ageneau, Paul-Louis. "Fiabilité et problèmes de déploiement du codage réseau dans les réseaux sans fil." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENST0007/document.
Full textEven if packet networks have significantly evolved in the last decades, packets are still transmitted from one hop to the next as unalterable pieces of data. Yet this fundamental paradigm has recently been challenged by new techniques like network coding, which promises network performance and reliability enhancements provided nodes can mix packets together. Wireless networks rely on various network technologies such as WiFi and LTE. They can however be unreliable due to obstacles, interferences, and these issues are worsened in wireless mesh network topologies with potential network relays. In this work, we focus on the application of intra-flow network coding to unicast flows in wireless networks. The main objective is to enhance reliability of data transfers over wireless links, and discuss deployment opportunities and performance. First, we propose a redundancy lower bound and a distributed opportunistic algorithm, to adapt coding to network conditions and allow reliable data delivery in a wireless mesh. We believe that application requirements have also to be taken into account. Since network coding operations introduce a non negligible cost in terms of processing and memory resources, we extend the algorithm to consider the physical constraints of each node. Then, we study the interactions of intra-flow coding with TCP and its extension MPTCP. Network coding can indeed enhance the performances of TCP, which tends to perform poorly over lossy wireless links. We investigate the pratical impact of fairness issues created when running coded TCP flows besides legacy non-coded TCP flows. Finally, we explore two different ways to enhance the performance of MPCTP in wireless environments : running it over network coding, and implementing the coding process directly in MPTCP while keeping it fully TCP-compatible
Razafindralambo, Tahiry. "Performances des couches MAC dans les réseaux sans fil ad hoc : problèmes et solutions." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00532658.
Full textMogbil, Virgile. "Sémantique des phases, réseaux de preuve et divers problèmes de décision en logique linéaire." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00084344.
Full textMonclar, François-Régis. "Résolution coopérative de problèmes : ELICO et son application à la supervision des réseaux électriques." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20036.
Full textMata-Mendez, Oscar Rogelio. "Etude théorique et numérique de quelques problèmes de diffraction en optique électromagnétique." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX30037.
Full textHadbi, Djamel. "Formulations de problèmes d’optimisation multiniveaux pour la conception de réseaux de bord électriques en aéronautique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT115/document.
Full textWithin more electric aircraft context, electric systems and networks have to evolve. High energy density integration pushes designers to reconsider their systems, architectures and tools.An aircraft network contains a large number of multidisciplinary systems which come from different manufacturers. Each manufacturer designs its system separately following quality standards specified by the aggregator. The goal of this thesis is to provide system approaches which could deal with the high-level of complexity of the network while reaching the optimal design of all the system and so reduce the total weight in comparison with mechanistic approaches based on independent optimization loops for the different subsystems.Consulting MDO “Multidisciplinary Design Optimization” researches, we have developed a multilevel approach based on our previous studies and conclusions on classical approaches used in the design of electrical systems. The optimization concerns the input filters of the loads connected to the HVDC bus and the output filter of the generating channel which supply the electric power. The multilevel collaborative optimization allows an automated exchange of data between the aggregator (system level) and manufacturers (sub-system level) and thanks to that, the optimal design of all the system is joined. The strong points of this approach are the aggregated formulation and causality connections between sub-systems
Gallone, Jean-Michel. "Résolution de problèmes sous contrainte de ressources à l'aide de réseaux neuromimétiques : application à l'ordonnancement." Nancy 1, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1997_0003_GALLONE.pdf.
Full textViêt, Triêm Tông Valérie. "Automates d'arbres et réécriture pour l'étude de problèmes d'accessibilité." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN10162.
Full textBouhaï, Nasreddine. "Lire, réécrire et partager le savoir sur le web : problèmes et solutions." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082132.
Full textWeb is an opened space, evolutive and heterogenous. Exploring this space implies navigation assistance into space structures for users and organisation assistance for space manager. Each user have distinct profile and an ideal system has to serve user's needs in an interactive mode, exploiting dynamic user profiles. Web space uses ambiguous hypertext links. For browsing reasons, it is necessary to extend semantic role of these links with semantic content. Organisation assistance may occur with automation of update operations of links and documents. Frequent alteration of web content produce partial disorientation when obsolete links are discovered. Updating a whole set of documents is often boring, sometimes impossible, it's necessary to prepare automated tasks. Such structure may be optimized because during browsing, users need assistance. Personalizing hypertexts or visited spaces are important in reading routes. Very often, users don't know where they may search information nor express their own queries. We listed 5 tasks of such cognitive situation : information extraction, information processing, survey, "suggestion", and personalization of information. These functionalities form a logic layer model of HyWebMap. Combined with with transversality of uses, these functionalities build principles of HyWebMap. Our contribution consists of a semantic re-organization of web spaces called virtual networks. These networks are "expert navigation routes" which may be proposed to new users and introduce a collaborative use of HyWebMap. Indeed, virtual networks become distributed knowledge spaces offered to large communities around a collaborative kernel called K-Web Organizer
Boimond, Jean-Louis. "Commande à modèle interne en représentation d'état. : Problèmes de synthèse d'algorithme de commande." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0102.
Full text[The works presented in this thesis concern the Internal Model Control (I. M. C. ). The first part presents the main properties of this structure which combines the advantages of open-loop scheme (the controller is an approximate inverse of the model) and closed-loop structure (ability to cope with modelling errors and unmeasured disturbances). A comparison with the conventional closed-loop is briefly presented. In the second part, an asymptotic precision criterion is introduced; The conditions that are to be verified by the blocks of the I. M. C. , for zeroing the asymptotic error between the output and a polynomial input, are settled down. The controller is interpreted as an approximate inverse of the model. In discrete time, the use of F. I. R. (Finite Impulse Response) forms permits the synthesis of a stable and realisable controller. The third part deals with the problem of the model inversion in discrete time and in state space. It allows us to consider some vary linear or non-linear models, which are linear versus the control variable. The controller is decomposed in two parts: the first one generates the control variable in terms of model state and the reference objective, the second one generates the prediction of the reference signal. Asymptotic accuracy is guaranteed for reference inputs that are polynomial, with a given order, versus time. The last part presents the synthesis of an I. M. C. Based on the use of the above controller. The robustness filter becomes a predictor of the error between plant and model outputs, the dynamic of which is tuned according to the knowledge of the plant-model mismatch. Two approaches have been proposed to built in this filter. The first one uses the same technique as for the reference predictor. In the other, the usual notion of filtering is replaced by a measure of the prediction quality. ]
Moussa, Ibrahim. "Modèles de résolution approchée et efficace pour les problèmes des réseaux de transport et de télécommunication." Thesis, Amiens, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AMIE0009/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on solving combinatorial optimization problems NP-hard using approximate solving methods. Two practical application areas are targeted here, firstly the general problem of vehicule routing network with a variant specifically with planning tours with a vehicle team, on the other hand the multicast session management problem on a telecommunications network, addressed by the broader perspective of clustering in a bipartite graph. Both applications are obviously of interest both from the fundamental point of view for the resolution methods that must always progress facing new challenges, from the point of view of potential industrial benefits. The resolution of such problems usually has two phases: initially it comes to define one or more mathematical models to compare possibly to choose the most effective according to the available resolution tools; secondly it is possible to use a generic resolution paradigm, such as a linear programming solver, or specialize an algorithm by including specific heuristics and knowledge to optimize its performance. This thesis is in this second approach. This is often necessary when the problems addressed become complex and / or large and that we need to be designing more efficient algorithms
Bouchakhchoukha, Adel. "Modèles de résolution approchée et efficace pour les problèmes des réseaux de transport et de télécommunication." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010046.
Full textThe need to save time as well as minimize effort is part of the human condition and it has driven our though s from antiquity until these last few decades, now characterized by the emergence of a mix in all fields between rapidity of calculation and precision in the result. The vehicle routing problem and its extensions are an important field for theorists of these utilities for real-world applications. Recent research in the field has led to significant advantages in problem formulation and designing algorithm analyses. This study considers logistics problems. A particular locus was given to a certain case of telecommunications networks 2ECONNDPR, as well as the method of intelligently creating designs to ensure vitality and durability in information circulation. Furthermore, the study considered vehicle routing problems, with time windows and orienteering problems from the VRP and OP families, respectively. This is the framework for this thesis. Solutions to these problems use programming techniques known for their calculation speed, i .e ., Beam-search and very large-scale neighborhood searching. First, a detailed study is presented of these above mentioned problems, along with the various types or resolution methods. Next, a very large-scale neighborhood search method is presented, suited to the design of a survivable network with relay, a proposition for a three-stage heuristic for the capacitated vehicle routing problem with time windows and, finally, a proposition for a hybrid heuristic for the team orienteering problem
Benajam, Wadie. "Relaxations semidéfinies pour les problèmes d'affectation de fréquences dans les réseaux mobiles et de l'affectation quadratique." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112195.
Full textDespite an exponential increase of calculators processing data capacity, many problems still can not be solved in a reasonable computing time. Among these, the two problems studied in this thesis: the wireless network frequency assignment problem (FAP) and the quadratic assignment problem (QAP) which are known to be among the hardest combinatorial optimization problems. Theoretically, the FAP and QAP problems are modeled by a discrete quadratic optimization, but practically, instances of these problems involve such a large number of variables and constraints that makes it unrealistic to give an exact solution. However, it's interesting to calculate a lower bound that's leads to reduced size problems. These limits are calculated by relaxing some of the problem constraints. In this thesis we study the Fortet linear relaxation, the Reformulation-Linearization Technique RLT and we focus especially on the semidefinite relaxation (SDP). We introduce a new approach to improve systematically the SDP lower bounds by adding a set of some valid inequalities inducing facets of the quadric polytope. We report computational results that show the efficiency of this approach. We present also heuristics to calculate FAP upper bounds solutions and compare them to the lower bounds. Finally, we compare our results to those obtained by heuristics developed by France telecom
Poitou, Olivier. "Une algorithmique adaptée à la distribution pour la résolution de problèmes irréguliers." Toulouse, ENSAE, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ESAE0008.
Full textLarab, Ali. "Identification et résolution de problèmes de sécurité dans un habitat domotisé." Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR4021.
Full textDomestic networks such as they are currently conceived are more vulnerable than ordinary computer networks. This is due to the intrinsic characteristics of these networks and their users. To secure them, traditional security tools are not always adapted. Either they cannot be applied to such networks, or they are too constraining for their users. So, we have proposed solutions which complement traditional and old security solutions. In addition to the existing solutions applicable to domestic networks, we have proposed new ones in order to secure remote and internal communications
Barbieri, Carlo. "Des problèmes inverses en biophysique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00624691.
Full textCreput, Jean-Charles. "Hybridation de métaheuristiques pour la résolution distribuée de problèmes d'optimisation spatialisés." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Bourgogne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00914963.
Full textPollet, Valentin. "Contribution à des problèmes algorithmiques dans les graphes : applications aux réseaux de capteurs, et recherche de motifs." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS054.
Full textIn this thesis, we give results on three algorithmical problems in graphs.First, we study the Distance-2 Broadcast Scheduling problem in wireless ad-hoc networks. We assume that time is discretized into slots. At each slot, all the communication events take place simultaneously. Given a network and a source node detaining a piece of information, distance-2 broadcast scheduling consists in scheduling the communication events to spread the information to every node within distance 2 of the source. The study is rather theoretical: we aim at establishing "good" bounds depending on the structure of the network. For instance, we give upper bounds on the number of slots sufficient to complete broadcast, or lower bounds on the number of nodes that can be informed in a limited number of slots. We refine those bounds in various classes of networks characterized by the structure of the underlying graph.We then tackle the Balanced Connected Subgraph problem: given a graph which vertices are colored either red or blue, find the largest connected subgraph containing as many red vertices as blue vertices. Our study focuses on the classification of the problem when restricted to "small" classes of graphs, namely bipartite cubic graphs, graphs of diameter three and bipartite graphs of diameter four. We show that the problem remains NP-complete in each of those classes. In addition, we prove it non-approximable within constant factor in the case of bipartite graphs of maximum degree four.Last, we give a novel approach to fault tolerance for extending lifetime of wireless sensor networks. These networks are used for a variety of applications including surveillance and monitoring. They consist of large amounts of autonomous devices with sensing capabilities deployed to monitor vast areas. Usually, these devices run on limited batteries and communicate wirelessly. Thus, numerous optimization problems have appeared. We study the problem of scheduling sensor activity in order to extend network lifetime. The goal is to ensure that at all time each target is monitored by at least one sensor, and the set of active sensors does relay the information to a specified communication base. We describe a new approach which addresses this problem with a fault-tolerant solution. We then validate our approach by simulation
Duhamel, Christophe. "Un cadre formel pour les méthodes par amélioration itérative : application à deux problèmes d'optimisation dans les réseaux." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF21272.
Full textBonomi, Ernesto. "Simulation numérique et mécanique statistique : extension et étude de quelques problèmes d'ingénierie." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112322.
Full textGaurav, Kumar. "Sur certains problèmes de diffusion et de connexité dans le modèle de configuration." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066362/document.
Full textA number of real-world systems consisting of interacting agents can be usefully modelled by graphs, where the agents are represented by the vertices of the graph and the interactions by the edges. Such systems can be as diverse and complex as social networks (traditional or online), protein-protein interaction networks, internet, transport network and inter-bank loan networks. One important question that arises in the study of these networks is: to what extent, the local statistics of a network determine its global topology. This problem can be approached by constructing a random graph constrained to have some of the same local statistics as those observed in the graph of interest. One such random graph model is configuration model, which is constructed in such a way that a uniformly chosen vertex has a given degree distribution. This is the random graph which provides the underlying framework for this thesis. As our first problem, we consider propagation of influence on configuration model, where each vertex can be influenced by any of its neighbours but in its turn, it can only influence a random subset of its neighbours. Our (enhanced) model is described by the total degree of the typical vertex and the number of neighbours it is able to influence. We give a tight condition, involving the joint distribution of these two degrees, which allows with high probability the influence to reach an essentially unique non-negligible set of the vertices, called a big influenced component, provided that the source vertex is chosen from a set of good pioneers. We explicitly evaluate the asymptotic relative size of the influenced component as well as of the set of good pioneers, provided it is non-negligible. Our proof uses the joint exploration of the configuration model and the propagation of the influence up to the time when a big influenced component is completed, a technique introduced in Janson and Luczak (2008). Our model can be seen as a generalization of the classical Bond and Node percolation on configuration model, with the difference stemming from the oriented conductivity of edges in our model. We illustrate these results using a few examples which are interesting from either theoretical or real-world perspective. The examples are, in particular, motivated by the viral marketing phenomenon in the context of social networks
Sessak, Vitor. "Problèmes inverses dans les modèles de spin." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00525040.
Full textGueriot, Didier. "Utilisation des algorithmes génétiques pour des problèmes d'optimisation spécifiques : application aux réseaux de neurones et au traitement d'images sonar." Mulhouse, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MULH0531.
Full textCornaz, Denis. "Programmation linéaire pour les problèmes de sous-graphes p-partis complets et les télécommunication." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066070.
Full textGomes, Cristiana. "Les Réseaux Radio Maillés et le Problème du "Round Weighting"." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00449856.
Full textJacquet, William. "Paradigme connexionniste pour l'apprentissage de fonctions robotiques : applications aux problèmes d'asservissement visuel de bras manipulateurs." Mulhouse, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MULH0650.
Full textAires, Filipe. "Problèmes inverses et réseaux de neurones : application à l'interféromètre haute résolution IASI et à l'analyse de séries temporelles." Paris 9, 1999. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1999PA090006.
Full textVenot, Nathalie. "Modélisation et commande de groupes moto-propulseurs à basse consommation : exemple de problèmes d'automatique des systèmes hybrides." Paris 9, 2001. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2001PA090022.
Full textSouza, Mauricio Cardoso de. "Modèles continus et algorithmes de résolution pour les problèmes de routage et d'expansion de capacités des réseaux de communications." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF22381.
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