Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Problème de minimisation'
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Benaim, Abderrahim. "Unicité pour un problème de minimisation à valeurs dans Sn." Metz, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996METZ018S.
Full textWe study the uniqueness problem for minimizers of the Landau-Lifshitz model in ferromagnetism. Under certain assumptions on the external field, we characterize all the cases where the uniqueness fails to hold. This characterization takes a very explicit and simple form when the impage of the maps lies in two-dimentional sphere. We apply the general result for some concrete problems, notably in the presence of axial symmetry. In the last part of the thesis we apply our techniques for the study of a problem with boundary data
Coppa, Bertrand. "Sur quelques applications du codage parcimonieux et sa mise en oeuvre." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00934823.
Full textVenturelli, Andrea. "Application de la minimisation de l'action au problème des N corps dans le plan et dans l'espace." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077190.
Full textHaberkorn, Thomas. "Transfert orbital à poussée faible avec minimisation de la consommation : résolution par homotopie différentielle." Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPT031H.
Full textGryson, Alexis. "Minimisation d'énergie sous contraintes : applications en algèbre linéaire et en contrôle linéaire." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00424947.
Full textRachdi, Nabil. "Apprentissage statistique et computer experiments : approche quantitative du risque et des incertitudes en modélisation." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1538/.
Full textThis thesis work consists in gathering statistical learning theory with the field of computer experiments. As the considered computer codes are only known through simulations, we propose an original statistical framework, including the classical ones, which takes into account the simulation aspect. We investigate learning algorithms for parameter estimation in computer codes which depend on both observed and simulation data. We validate these algorithms by proving excess risk bounds using concentration inequalities. We also study the duality between the estimation procedure and the wanted feature prediction. Here, we try to understand the impact of an estimation procedure on some given characteristic of the phenomenon of interest. Finally, the computation of optimal parameters in practice involves the minimization of a criterion which is generally highly non convex and with irregularities. We propose a stochastic algorithm which consists in combining regularization methods with a stochastic approximation method like the Kiefer-Wolfowitz one
Gryson, Alexis. "Minimisation d'énergie sous contraintes : applications en algèbre linéaire et en contrôle linéaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10034.
Full textThe Zolotarev problem with respect to discrete sets arises naturally to describe both the convergence rate of the ADI method, to compute approximation of various functions of matrices and to quantify the decreasing rate of singular values of structured matrices. Moreover, the theory of model reduction is a key problem in linear control theory, and the quality of the approximation of continuous stationnary linear dynamical system might be predicted with the computation of the solution of a Sylvester equation. Once proved the existence of a minimizer for the third Zolotarev problem with respect to discrete sets, we give the weak asymptotic behaviour of the Zolotarev quantity under some regularity hypothesis. In this purpose, we introduce a problem of energy minimization with constraints in logarithmic potential theory with respect to signed measures. We discuss the accuracy of our results for general discrete sets in the complex plane, and we prove an explicit integral formula in the particular case of two discret subsets of the real axis symmetric with respect to the imaginary axis. Then, the impact of our theoretical results concerning the analysis of the convergence rate of the ADI method applied to solve a Sylvester equation is estimated with various numerical examples after the description of the algorithm which we used to compute the parameters
Nguyen, Laurent. "Calibration de modèles financiers par minimisation d'entropie relative et modèles avec sauts." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005766.
Full textLa calibration de modèles financiers par minimisation de lentropie relative a été proposée récemment dans le cadre de la méthode de Monte Carlo. On a étudié la convergence et la stabilité de cette méthode et on a étendu les résultats à des critères plus généraux que lentropie relative. La prise en compte des contraintes sur le sous-jacent assurant labsence dopportunité darbitrage a été abordée sous langle dun problème de moments.
Dans la seconde partie, on a considéré un modèle simple du phénomène de krach en introduisant en particulier des sauts dans la volatilité du sous-jacent. On a calculé le risque quadratique et effectué un développement approché du smile utile pour la calibration.
Finalement, dans la troisième partie, on utilise lentropie relative pour calibrer lintensité des sauts dun modèle de diffusion avec sauts et volatilité locale. La stabilité de la méthode a été prouvée grâce à des techniques de contrôle optimal ainsi quau théorème des fonctions implicites.
Wang, Chen. "Variants of Deterministic and Stochastic Nonlinear Optimization Problems." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112294/document.
Full textCombinatorial optimization problems are generally NP-hard problems, so they can only rely on heuristic or approximation algorithms to find a local optimum or a feasible solution. During the last decades, more general solving techniques have been proposed, namely metaheuristics which can be applied to many types of combinatorial optimization problems. This PhD thesis proposed to solve the deterministic and stochastic optimization problems with metaheuristics. We studied especially Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS) and choose this algorithm to solve our optimization problems since it is able to find satisfying approximated optimal solutions within a reasonable computation time. Our thesis starts with a relatively simple deterministic combinatorial optimization problem: Bandwidth Minimization Problem. The proposed VNS procedure offers an advantage in terms of CPU time compared to the literature. Then, we focus on resource allocation problems in OFDMA systems, and present two models. The first model aims at maximizing the total bandwidth channel capacity of an uplink OFDMA-TDMA network subject to user power and subcarrier assignment constraints while simultaneously scheduling users in time. For this problem, VNS gives tight bounds. The second model is stochastic resource allocation model for uplink wireless multi-cell OFDMA Networks. After transforming the original model into a deterministic one, the proposed VNS is applied on the deterministic model, and find near optimal solutions. Subsequently, several problems either in OFDMA systems or in many other topics in resource allocation can be modeled as hierarchy problems, e.g., bi-level optimization problems. Thus, we also study stochastic bi-level optimization problems, and use robust optimization framework to deal with uncertainty. The distributionally robust approach can obtain slight conservative solutions when the number of binary variables in the upper level is larger than the number of variables in the lower level. Our numerical results for all the problems studied in this thesis show the performance of our approaches
Rezig, Wafa. "Problèmes de multiflots : état de l'art et approche par décomposition décentralisée du biflot entier de coût minimum." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00346082.
Full textLemenant, Antoine. "SUR LA REGULARITE DES MINIMISEURS DE MUMFORD-SHAH EN DIMENSION 3 ET SUPERIEURE." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00288822.
Full textSadfi, Chérif. "Problèmes d'ordonnancement avec minimisation des encours." Grenoble INPG, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPG0016.
Full textSchwinte, Valentin. "Autour de l'équation du plus bas niveau de Landau." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0078.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the Lowest Landau Level equation, in several contexts relevant to physics and originating from models for Bose-Einstein condensates. In particular, we investigate three aspects of the equation. The first is the study of a class of solutions called stationary waves, through the minimization of an energy functional. In particular, we show that the Gaussian is the only global minimizer up to symmetries for a certain parameter, using linear and bilinear algebra tools. The second point concerns the Abrikosov lattice conjecture. We investigate the equation with the addition of periodic conditions, and linearize it around lattices. This results in the stability of the hexagonal lattice. The third and final aspect concerns progressive waves for the coupled Lowest Landau Level equation. We classify such solutions with a finite number of zeros, and deduce the existence of solutions with growing Sobolev norms
Boiger, Wolfgang Josef. "Stabilised finite element approximation for degenerate convex minimisation problems." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16790.
Full textInfimising sequences of nonconvex variational problems often do not converge strongly in Sobolev spaces due to fine oscillations. These oscillations are physically meaningful; finite element approximations, however, fail to resolve them in general. Relaxation methods replace the nonconvex energy with its (semi)convex hull. This leads to a macroscopic model which is degenerate in the sense that it is not strictly convex and possibly admits multiple minimisers. The lack of control on the primal variable leads to difficulties in the a priori and a posteriori finite element error analysis, such as the reliability-efficiency gap and no strong convergence. To overcome these difficulties, stabilisation techniques add a discrete positive definite term to the relaxed energy. Bartels et al. (IFB, 2004) apply stabilisation to two-dimensional problems and thereby prove strong convergence of gradients. This result is restricted to smooth solutions and quasi-uniform meshes, which prohibit adaptive mesh refinements. This thesis concerns a modified stabilisation term and proves convergence of the stress and, for smooth solutions, strong convergence of gradients, even on unstructured meshes. Furthermore, the thesis derives the so-called flux error estimator and proves its reliability and efficiency. For interface problems with piecewise smooth solutions, a refined version of this error estimator is developed, which provides control of the error of the primal variable and its gradient and thus yields strong convergence of gradients. The refined error estimator converges faster than the flux error estimator and therefore narrows the reliability-efficiency gap. Numerical experiments with five benchmark examples from computational microstructure and topology optimisation complement and confirm the theoretical results.
Bouguecha, Mohamed. "Quelques résultats de symétrie pour des solutions de problèmes de minimisation." Paris 9, 1999. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1999PA090040.
Full textMur, Anthony. "Quelques problèmes de minimisation en relation avec les équations de Schrödinger." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU30274.
Full textIn this thesis we study several minimization problems arising in the theory of partial differential equations. We consider Strichartz estimates associated to the Schrödinger equation involving fractional powers of the Laplacian in the Euclidean space. Using a general profile decomposition theorem, we prove the existence of optimal functions for these inequalities for the whole range of parameters. In the second part of the thesis we consider periodic nonlinear Schrödinger equations in the plane with non-zero conditions at infinity. We work with general nonlinearities, including the model case of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The equation is Hamiltonian, the conserved quantities are the energy and the momentum. We give a rigorous mathematical definition of the momentum, then for any possible value dollar p dolla of the momentum we prove the existence of traveling waves that minimize the energy when the momentum is equal to dollar p dollar. We show that for each dollar p dollar there exists a critical length of the period dollar lambda ( p ) dollar such that all minimizers with period smaller than dollar lambda ( p ) dollar must be one-dimensional, while minimizers with period greater than dollar lambda ( p ) dollar are truly two-dimensional. We also investigate the corresponding one-dimensional problem and we find all finite-energy traveling waves. Minimizers are always traveling waves, and in some cases they constitute the whole set of traveling-waves (this occurs, for instance, in the case of Gross-Pitaevskii nonlinearity). We construct examples of smooth nonlinearities for which the equation admits traveling waves that are not minimizers
Haben, Stephen A. "Conditioning and preconditioning of the minimisation problem in variational data assimilation." Thesis, University of Reading, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.541945.
Full textCutforth, Claire Louise. "Understanding waste minimisation practices at the individual and household level." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/69484/.
Full textHülsemann, Frank. "A new moving mesh algorithm for the finite element solution of variational problems." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310742.
Full textMarnissi, Yosra. "Bayesian methods for inverse problems in signal and image processing." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1142/document.
Full textBayesian approaches are widely used in signal processing applications. In order to derive plausible estimates of original parameters from their distorted observations, they rely on the posterior distribution that incorporates prior knowledge about the unknown parameters as well as informations about the observations. The posterior mean estimator is one of the most commonly used inference rule. However, as the exact posterior distribution is very often intractable, one has to resort to some Bayesian approximation tools to approximate it. In this work, we are mainly interested in two particular Bayesian methods, namely Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling algorithms and Variational Bayes approximations (VBA).This thesis is made of two parts. The first one is dedicated to sampling algorithms. First, a special attention is devoted to the improvement of MCMC methods based on the discretization of the Langevin diffusion. We propose a novel method for tuning the directional component of such algorithms using a Majorization-Minimization strategy with guaranteed convergence properties.Experimental results on the restoration of a sparse signal confirm the performance of this new approach compared with the standard Langevin sampler. Second, a new sampling algorithm based on a Data Augmentation strategy, is proposed to improve the convergence speed and the mixing properties of standard MCMC sampling algorithms. Our methodological contributions are validated on various applications in image processing showing the great potentiality of the proposed method to manage problems with heterogeneous correlations between the signal coefficients.In the second part, we propose to resort to VBA techniques to build a fast estimation algorithm for restoring signals corrupted with non-Gaussian noise. In order to circumvent the difficulties raised by the intricate form of the true posterior distribution, a majorization technique is employed to approximate either the data fidelity term or the prior density. Thanks to its flexibility, the proposed approach can be applied to a broad range of data fidelity terms allowing us to estimate the target signal jointly with the associated regularization parameter. Illustration of this approach through examples of image deconvolution in the presence of mixed Poisson-Gaussian noise, show the good performance of the proposed algorithm compared with state of the art supervised methods
Faucher, Florian. "Contributions à l'imagerie sismique par inversion des formes d’onde pour les équations d'onde harmoniques : Estimation de stabilité, analyse de convergence, expériences numériques avec algorithmes d'optimisation à grande échelle." Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU3024/document.
Full textIn this project, we investigate the recovery of subsurface Earth parameters. Weconsider the seismic imaging as a large scale iterative minimization problem, anddeploy the Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) method, for which several aspects mustbe treated. The reconstruction is based on the wave equations because thecharacteristics of the measurements indicate the nature of the medium in whichthe waves propagate. First, the natural heterogeneity and anisotropy of the Earthrequire numerical methods that are adapted and efficient to solve the wavepropagation problem. In this study, we have decided to work with the harmonicformulation, i.e., in the frequency domain. Therefore, we detail the mathematicalequations involved and the numerical discretization used to solve the waveequations in large scale situations.The inverse problem is then established in order to frame the seismic imaging. Itis a nonlinear and ill-posed inverse problem by nature, due to the limitedavailable data, and the complexity of the subsurface characterization. However,we obtain a conditional Lipschitz-type stability in the case of piecewise constantmodel representation. We derive the lower and upper bound for the underlyingstability constant, which allows us to quantify the stability with frequency andscale. It is of great use for the underlying optimization algorithm involved to solvethe seismic problem. We review the foundations of iterative optimizationtechniques and provide the different methods that we have used in this project.The Newton method, due to the numerical cost of inverting the Hessian, may notalways be accessible. We propose some comparisons to identify the benefits ofusing the Hessian, in order to study what would be an appropriate procedureregarding the accuracy and time. We study the convergence of the iterativeminimization method, depending on different aspects such as the geometry ofthe subsurface, the frequency, and the parametrization. In particular, we quantifythe frequency progression, from the point of view of optimization, by showinghow the size of the basin of attraction evolves with frequency. Following the convergence and stability analysis of the problem, the iterativeminimization algorithm is conducted via a multi-level scheme where frequencyand scale progress simultaneously. We perform a collection of experiments,including acoustic and elastic media, in two and three dimensions. Theperspectives of attenuation and anisotropic reconstructions are also introduced.Finally, we study the case of Cauchy data, motivated by the dual sensors devicesthat are developed in the geophysical industry. We derive a novel cost function,which arises from the stability analysis of the problem. It allows elegantperspectives where no prior information on the acquisition set is required
Tekitek, Mohamed Mahdi. "Identification de modèles et de paramètres pour la méthode de Boltzmann sur réseau." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00207541.
Full textLa première partie introduit et analyse la méthode.
La deuxième partie décrit une approche variationnelle pour l'assimilation de paramètres relatifs à la méthode du gaz de Boltzmann sur réseau. Une méthode adjointe discrète en temps est développée. L'algorithme est d'abord testé sur un écoulement de type Poiseuille linéaire (problème de Stokes), puis il est appliqué à un problème non linéaire. Des résultats encourageants sont obtenus pour un et deux paramètres inconnus.
Finalement la troisième partie décrit une adaptation des couches absorbantes de Bérenger. Il en résulte un modèle d'automate de Boltzmann à neuf vitesses discrètes. Une analyse des ondes réfléchies est ensuite réalisée entre deux milieux de Boltzmann à une dimension, ce qui permet d'obtenir un équivalent des formules de Fresnel pour les schémas de Boltzmann et de proposer des modifications du schéma à l'interface pour annuler les ondes réfléchies. En deux dimensions, la même analyse d'ondes réfléchies met en évidence l'apparition de modes de Knudsen et des ondes transverses qui rendent l'analyse complexe.
Gerner, Wadim [Verfasser], Christof [Akademischer Betreuer] Melcher, der Mosel Heiko [Akademischer Betreuer] von, and Daniel [Akademischer Betreuer] Peralta-Salas. "Minimisation problems in ideal magnetohydrodynamics / Wadim Gerner ; Christof Melcher, Heiko von der Mosel, Daniel Peralta-Salas." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1225880297/34.
Full textNguyên, Thùy Liên. "Quelques problèmes variationnels issus de la théorie des ondes non-linéaires." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1386/.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the study of special solutions (traveling wave and standing wave type) for nonlinear dispersive partial differential equations in R^N. The considered problems have a variational structure, the solutions are critical points of some functionals. We demonstrate the existence of critical points using minimization methods. One of the main difficulties comes from the lack of compactness. To overcome this, we use some recent improvements of P. -L. Lions concentration-compactness principle. In the first part of the dissertation, we show the existence of the least energy solutions to quasi-linear elliptic equations in R^N. We generalize the results of Brézis and Lieb in the case of the Laplacian, and the results of Jeanjean and Squassina in the case of the p-Laplacian. In the second part, we show the existence of subsonic travelling waves of finite energy for a Gross-Pitaevskii-Schrödinger system which models the motion of a non charged impurity in a Bose-Einstein condensate. The obtained results are valid in three and four dimensional space
Rigot, Séverine. "1. Sur un probleme de minimisation avec contrainte de volume 2. Sur la fonctionnelle de mumford-shah en dimension quelconque." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112269.
Full textRadulescu, Vicentiu. "Analyse de quelques problèmes liés à l'équation de Ginzburg-Landau." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00980811.
Full textNéron, Alex. "Développement d'une plateforme de calcul d'équilibres chimiques complexes et adaptation aux problèmes électrochimiques et d'équilibres contraints." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5502.
Full textBoiger, Wolfgang Josef [Verfasser], Carsten [Akademischer Betreuer] Carstensen, Sören [Akademischer Betreuer] Bartels, and Eun-Jae [Akademischer Betreuer] Park. "Stabilised finite element approximation for degenerate convex minimisation problems / Wolfgang Josef Boiger. Gutachter: Carsten Carstensen ; Sören Bartels ; Eun-Jae Park." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1041284454/34.
Full textBoiger, Wolfgang [Verfasser], Carsten Akademischer Betreuer] Carstensen, Sören [Akademischer Betreuer] [Bartels, and Eun-Jae [Akademischer Betreuer] Park. "Stabilised finite element approximation for degenerate convex minimisation problems / Wolfgang Josef Boiger. Gutachter: Carsten Carstensen ; Sören Bartels ; Eun-Jae Park." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:11-100211496.
Full textRepetti, Audrey. "Algorithmes d'optimisation en grande dimension : applications à la résolution de problèmes inverses." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1032/document.
Full textAn efficient approach for solving an inverse problem is to define the recovered signal/image as a minimizer of a penalized criterion which is often split in a sum of simpler functions composed with linear operators. In the situations of practical interest, these functions may be neither convex nor smooth. In addition, large scale optimization problems often have to be faced. This thesis is devoted to the design of new methods to solve such difficult minimization problems, while paying attention to computational issues and theoretical convergence properties. A first idea to build fast minimization algorithms is to make use of a preconditioning strategy by adapting, at each iteration, the underlying metric. We incorporate this technique in the forward-backward algorithm and provide an automatic method for choosing the preconditioning matrices, based on a majorization-minimization principle. The convergence proofs rely on the Kurdyka-L ojasiewicz inequality. A second strategy consists of splitting the involved data in different blocks of reduced dimension. This approach allows us to control the number of operations performed at each iteration of the algorithms, as well as the required memory. For this purpose, block alternating methods are developed in the context of both non-convex and convex optimization problems. In the non-convex case, a block alternating version of the preconditioned forward-backward algorithm is proposed, where the blocks are updated according to an acyclic deterministic rule. When additional convexity assumptions can be made, various alternating proximal primal-dual algorithms are obtained by using an arbitrary random sweeping rule. The theoretical analysis of these stochastic convex optimization algorithms is grounded on the theory of monotone operators. A key ingredient in the solution of high dimensional optimization problems lies in the possibility of performing some of the computation steps in a parallel manner. This parallelization is made possible in the proposed block alternating primal-dual methods where the primal variables, as well as the dual ones, can be updated in a quite flexible way. As an offspring of these results, new distributed algorithms are derived, where the computations are spread over a set of agents connected through a general hyper graph topology. Finally, our methodological contributions are validated on a number of applications in signal and image processing. First, we focus on optimization problems involving non-convex criteria, in particular image restoration when the original image is corrupted with a signal dependent Gaussian noise, spectral unmixing, phase reconstruction in tomography, and blind deconvolution in seismic sparse signal reconstruction. Then, we address convex minimization problems arising in the context of 3D mesh denoising and in query optimization for database management
Vu, Dong Quan. "Models and solutions of strategic resource allocation problems : approximate equilibrium and online learning in Blotto games." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2020SORUS120.pdf.
Full textResource allocation problems are broadly defined as situations involving decisions on distributing a limited budget of resources in order to optimize an objective. In particular, many of them involve interactions between competitive decision-makers which can be well captured by game-theoretic models. In this thesis, we choose to investigate resource allocation games. We primarily focus on the Colonel Blotto game (CB game). In the CB game, two competitive players, each having a fixed budget of resources, simultaneously distribute their resources toward n battlefields. Each player evaluates each battlefield with a certain value. In each battlefield, the player who has the higher allocation wins and gains the corresponding value while the other loses and gains zero. Each player's payoff is her aggregate gains from all the battlefields. First, we model several prominent variants of the CB game and their extensions as one-shot complete-information games and analyze players' strategic behaviors. Our first main contribution is a class of approximate (Nash) equilibria in these games for which we prove that the approximation error can be well-controlled. Second, we model resource allocation games with combinatorial structures as online learning problems to study situations involving sequential plays and incomplete information. We make a connection between these games and online shortest path problems (OSP). Our second main contribution is a set of novel regret-minimization algorithms for generic instances of OSP under several restricted feedback settings that provide significant improvements in regret guarantees and running time in comparison with existing solutions
Haïat, Guillaume. "Étude d'une méthode d'inversion basée sur la simulation pour la caractérisation de fissures détectées par ultrasons dans un composant revêtu." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007345.
Full textMazet, Vincent. "Développement de méthodes de traitement de signaux spectroscopiques : estimation de la ligne de base et du spectre de raies." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011477.
Full textDans un premier temps est proposée une méthode déterministe qui permet d'estimer la ligne de base des spectres par le polynôme qui minimise une fonction-coût non quadratique (fonction de Huber ou parabole tronquée). En particulier, les versions asymétriques sont particulièrement bien adaptées pour les spectres dont les raies sont positives. Pour la minimisation, on utilise l'algorithme de minimisation semi-quadratique LEGEND.
Dans un deuxième temps, on souhaite estimer le spectre de raies : l'approche bayésienne couplée aux techniques MCMC fournit un cadre d'étude très efficace. Une première approche formalise le problème en tant que déconvolution impulsionnelle myope non supervisée. En particulier, le signal impulsionnel est modélisé par un processus Bernoulli-gaussien à support positif ; un algorithme d'acceptation-rejet mixte permet la simulation de lois normales tronquées. Une alternative intéressante à cette approche est de considérer le problème comme une décomposition en motifs élémentaires. Un modèle original est alors introduit ; il a l'intérêt de conserver l'ordre du système fixe. Le problème de permutation d'indices est également étudié et un algorithme de ré-indexage est proposé.
Les algorithmes sont validés sur des spectres simulés puis sur des spectres infrarouge et Raman réels.
Merzouki, Tarek. "Identification expérimentale et modélisation micromécanique du comportement d'un multicristal en alliage à mémoire de forme." Phd thesis, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004954.
Full textJeng, Jr-Yung, and 鄭志勇. "Conjugate Functions and Convex Minimisation Problems." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08950813929137317016.
Full textAmghar, Khalid. "Une heuristique de recherche à voisinage variable pour le problème du voyageur de commerce avec fenêtres de temps." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16156.
Full textWe adapt a general variable neighborhood search heuristic to solve the traveling salesman problem with time windows (TSPTW) where the objective is to minimize the completion time. We use efficient methods to check the feasibility and the profitability of a movement. We use a specific order to reduce the search space while exploring the neighborhoods. The resulting method is competitive with the state-of-the-art. We improve the best known solutions for two classes of instances and provide the results of multiple instances of TSPTW for the first time.
Laza, Vlad Lucian. "Interrelated product design activities sequencing with efficient tabu search algorithms." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16161.
Full textCe mémoire présente un nouvel algorithme métaheuristique de recherche taboue pour trouver des solutions optimales ou sous-optimales au problème de minimisation de la longueur des dépendances d’une matrice de conception (FLMP). Ce problème comporte une fonction économique non-linéaire et il appartient à la classe NP-ardu. Il s’ensuit qu’il est très difficile à trouver une solution optimale exacte en temps réel pour les problèmes de taille moyenne ou grande. D’abord, on présente le problème et une revue de la littérature associée. Ensuite, on analyse le problème, et on présente les détails du nouvel algorithme de recherche taboue produisant des solutions au problème de réduction de l’effet de retour en utilisant deux voisinages différents, le premier basé sur l’échange des positions de deux activités ("swap"), et le second sur le déplacement d’une activité à une position différente ("shift"). Des résultats numériques permettent d’analyser le comportement de l’algorithme et de comparer les deux voisinages. La première étape consiste à déterminer de bonnes valeurs pour les paramètres en utilisant des problèmes générés aléatoirement. Ensuite nos résultats sont comparés avec ceux obtenus dans la littérature. On conclut que l’algorithme de recherche taboue proposé est très prometteur, car nos résultats sont meilleurs que ceux publiés dans la litérature. D’autant plus que la recherche taboue semble avoir été utilisée pour la première fois sur ce problème.
Monnye, Segoane Lawrence. "Towards the regulation of interactive gambling : an analysis of the gambling regulatory framework in South Africa." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21154.
Full textCriminal and Procedural Law
LL. D.