Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Problème d'optimisation non linéaire'
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Krzesaj, Michel. "Modélisation et résolution de problèmes d'optimisation non linéaire de grande taille." Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10070.
Full textDelbos, Frédéric. "Problèmes d'Optimisation Non Linéaire avec Contraintes en Tomographie de Réflexion 3D." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066082.
Full textDayde, Michel. "Parallélisation d'algorithmes d'optimisation pour des problèmes de conception optimale." Toulouse, INPT, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPT030H.
Full textReneaume, Jean-Michel. "Formulation et résolution du problème d'optimisation non linéaire en variables mixtes dans un environnement modulaire. Application à la synthèse optimale des procédés." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT042G.
Full textKiwan, Rola. "Problèmes d'optimisation liés aux valeurs propres du Laplacien et aux pavages du plan [et] problèmes d'évolutions semi-linéaires." Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR4001.
Full textIn this thesis, we consider first the optimal placement problem for the first Dirichlet Laplacian eingenvalue for plane domains with dihidral symetry, we then consider the same problem for the second eigenvalue of spherical shells. We solve the isoperimetric problem for plane domains who tile the plane by the action of a given lattice. Finally we study sufficient conditions for explosion in finite time for the solution of a non local parabolic problem as well as hyperbolic inequality
Tamby, Satya. "Approches génériques pour la résolution de problèmes d'optimisation discrète multiobjectif." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED048.
Full textReal world problems often involve several conflicting objectives. Thus, solution of interests are efficient solutions which have the property that an improvement on one objective leads to a decay on another one. The image of such solutions are referred to as nondominated points. We consider here the standard problem of computing the set of nondominated points, and providing a corresponding efficient solution for each point
Migot, Tangi. "Contributions aux méthodes numériques pour les problèmes de complémentarité et problèmes d'optimisation sous contraintes de complémentarité." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ISAR0026/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we studied the regularization methods for the numerical resolution of problems with equilibria. In the first part, we focused on the complementarity problems through two applications that are the absolute value equation and the sparse optimization problem. In the second part, we concentrated on optimization problems with complementarity constraints. After studying the optimality conditions of this problem, we proposed a new regularization method, so-called butterfly relaxation. Then, based on an analysis of the regularized sub-problems we defined an algorithm with strong convergence property. Throughout the manuscript, we concentrated on the theoretical properties of the algorithms as well as their numerical applications. In the last part of this document, we presented numerical results using the regularization methods for the mathematical programs with complementarity constraints
Anani, Kwami Dodzivi. "Diagnostic de systèmes non linéaires par analyse en composantes principales à noyau." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0026/document.
Full textIn this thesis, the diagnosis of a nonlinear system was performed using data analysis. Initially developed to analyze linear system, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is coupled with kernel methods for detection, isolation and estimation of faults' magnitude for nonlinear systems. Kernel PCA consists in projecting data using a nonlinear mapping function into a higher dimensional space called feature space where the linear PCA is applied. Due to the fact that the projections are done using kernels, the detection can be performed in the feature space. However, estimating the magnitude of the fault requires the resolution of a nonlinear optimization problem. The variables' contributions make it possible to isolate and estimate these magnitudes. The variable with the largest contribution may be considered as faulty. In our work, we proposed new methods for the isolation and estimation phases for which previous work has some limitations. The new proposed method in this thesis is based on contributions under constraints. The effectiveness of the developed methods is illustrated on the simulated continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR)
Del, Moral Pierre. "Résolution particulaire des problèmes d'estimation et d'optimisation non-linéaires." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30075.
Full textWu, Dawen. "Solving Some Nonlinear Optimization Problems with Deep Learning." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASG083.
Full textThis thesis considers four types of nonlinear optimization problems, namely bimatrix games, nonlinear projection equations (NPEs), nonsmooth convex optimization problems (NCOPs), and chance-constrained games (CCGs).These four classes of nonlinear optimization problems find extensive applications in various domains such as engineering, computer science, economics, and finance.We aim to introduce deep learning-based algorithms to efficiently compute the optimal solutions for these nonlinear optimization problems.For bimatrix games, we use Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to compute Nash equilibria.Specifically, we design a CNN architecture where the input is a bimatrix game and the output is the predicted Nash equilibrium for the game.We generate a set of bimatrix games by a given probability distribution and use the Lemke-Howson algorithm to find their true Nash equilibria, thereby constructing a training dataset.The proposed CNN is trained on this dataset to improve its accuracy. Upon completion of training, the CNN is capable of predicting Nash equilibria for unseen bimatrix games.Experimental results demonstrate the exceptional computational efficiency of our CNN-based approach, at the cost of sacrificing some accuracy.For NPEs, NCOPs, and CCGs, which are more complex optimization problems, they cannot be directly fed into neural networks.Therefore, we resort to advanced tools, namely neurodynamic optimization and Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs), for solving these problems.Specifically, we first use a neurodynamic approach to model a nonlinear optimization problem as a system of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs).Then, we utilize a PINN-based model to solve the resulting ODE system, where the end state of the model represents the predicted solution to the original optimization problem.The neural network is trained toward solving the ODE system, thereby solving the original optimization problem.A key contribution of our proposed method lies in transforming a nonlinear optimization problem into a neural network training problem.As a result, we can now solve nonlinear optimization problems using only PyTorch, without relying on classical convex optimization solvers such as CVXPY, CPLEX, or Gurobi
Mourad, Aya. "Identification de la conductivité hydraulique pour un problème d'intrusion saline : Comparaison entre l'approche déterministe et l'approche stochastique." Thesis, Littoral, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017DUNK0465/document.
Full textThis thesis is concerned with the identification, from observations or field measurements, of the hydraulic conductivity K for the saltwater intrusion problem involving a nonhomogeneous, isotropic and free aquifer. The involved PDE model is a coupled system of nonlinear parabolic equations completed by boudary and initial conditions, as well as compatibility conditions on the data. The main unknowns are the saltwater/freshwater interface depth and the elevation of upper surface of the aquifer. The inverse problem is formulated as the optimization problem where the cost function is a least square functional measuring the discrepancy between experimental interfaces depths and those provided by the model. Considering the exact problem as a constraint for the optimization problem and introducing the Lagrangian associated with the cost function, we prove that the optimality system has at least one solution. The main difficulties are to find the set of all eligible parameters and to prove the differentiability of the operator associating to the hydraulic conductivity K, the state variables (h, h₁). This is the first result of the thesis. The second result concerns the numerical implementation of the optimization problem. We first note that concretely, we only have specific observations (in space and in time) corresponding to the number of monitoring wells, we then adapt the previous results to the case of discrete observations data. The gradient of the cost function is computed thanks to an approximate formula in order to take into account the discrete observations data. The cost functions then is minimized by using a method based on BLMVM algorithm. On the other hand, the exact problem and the adjoint problem are discretized in space by a P₁-Lagrange finite element method combined with a semi-implicit time discretization scheme. Some numerical results are presented to illustrate the ability of the method to determine the unknown parameters. In the third part of the thesis we consider the hydraulic conductivity as a stochastic parameter. To perform a rigorous numerical study of stochastic effects on the saltwater intrusion problem, we use the spectral decomposition and the stochastic variational problem is reformulated to a set of deterministic variational problems to be solved for each Wiener polynomial chaos
Parent, Benjamin. "Algorithmes d'optimisation et d'analyse des problèmes multidimensionnels non-linéaires en biologie et biophysique." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00196740.
Full textPour cela, nous avons abordé le problème via deux aspects : le premier concerne la modélisation des interactions moléculaires en vue de prédire les modes de fixation et les affinités entre molécules. Puisque ces estimations nécessitent de considérer la flexibilité des acteurs, nous avons abordé, en premier lieu, la prédiction des conformations moléculaires qui reste un challenge majeur, caractérisé par ses aspects multimodal et de grandes dimensions. Nous avons alors développé une suite d'heuristiques autour d'un algorithme génétique central. Les paramètres de contrôle et les stratégies d'hybridation sont pilotés par un méta-algorithme permettant d'optimiser la recherche. En outre, des stratégies innovantes de parallélisation sur grilles d'ordinateurs ont été validées afin de réduire les temps de calculs. Enfin, pour entreprendre l'étude des conformations de plusieurs molécules, nous avons développé des algorithmes de criblage rapides basés sur la comparaison d'indices topologiques.
Nous avons également étudié un autre aspect en modélisant formellement certains graphes d'interactions, ceci à une toute autre échelle : celle des concentrations des molécules. Nous avons alors mis en évidence l'impact des modes d'interactions moléculaires sur la dynamique globale.
Deschênes, Jean-Sébastien. "Commande non-linéaire des bioprocédés à des fins d'optimisation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24893/24893.pdf.
Full textLavoué, François. "Inversion des formes d'ondes électromagnétiques en 2D pour le géoradar : vers une imagerie multi-paramètre à partir des données de surface." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENU050/document.
Full textThe quantitative characterization of the shallow subsurface of the Earth is a critical issue for many environmental and societal challenges. Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a geophysical method based on the propagation of electromagnetic waves for the prospection of the near subsurface. With central frequencies between 10~MHz and a few GHz, GPR covers a wide range of applications in geology, hydrology and civil engineering. GPR data are sensitive to variations in the electrical properties of the medium which can be related, for instance, to its water content and bring valuable information on hydrological processes. In this work, I develop a quantitative imaging method for the reconstruction of 2D distributions of permittivity and conductivity from GPR data acquired from the ground surface. The method makes use of the full waveform inversion technique (FWI), originating from seismic exploration, which exploits the entire recorded radargrams and has been proved successful in crosshole GPR applications.In a first time, I present the numerical forward modelling used to simulate the propagation of electromagnetic waves in 2D heterogeneous media and generate the synthetic GPR data that are compared to the recorded radargrams in the inversion process. A frequency-domain finite-difference algorithm originally developed in the visco-acoustic approximation is adapted to the electromagnetic problem in 2D via an acoustic-electromagnetic mathematical analogy.In a second time, the inversion scheme is formulated as a fully multiparameter optimization problem which is solved with the quasi-Newton L-BFGS algorithm. In this formulation, the effect of an approximate inverse Hessian is expected to mitigate the trade-off between the impact of permittivity and conductivity on the data. However, numerical tests on a synthetic benchmark of the literature display a large sensitivity of the method with respect to parameter scaling, showing the limits of the L-BFGS approximation. On a realistic subsurface benchmark with surface-to-surface configuration, it has been shown possible to ally parameter scaling and regularization to reconstruct 2D images of permittivity and conductivity without a priori assumptions.Finally, the imaging method is confronted to two real data sets. The consideration of laboratory-controlled data validates the proposed workflow for multiparameter imaging, as well as the accuracy of the numerical forward solutions. The application to on-ground GPR data acquired in a limestone massif is more challenging and necessitates a thorough investigation involving classical processing techniques and forward simulations. Starting permittivity models are derived from the velocity analysis of the direct arrivals and of the reflected events. The estimation of the source signature is performed together with an evaluation of an average conductivity value and of the unknown antenna height. In spite of this procedure, synthetic data do not reproduce the observed amplitudes, suggesting an effect of the radiation pattern of the shielded antennae. In preliminary tests, the inversion succeeds in fitting the data in the considered frequency range and can reconstruct reflectors from a smooth starting model
Ngo, Duc Duy. "Optique non-linéaire et équation des ondes non-linéaire semi-classique." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE4074.
Full textSaddek, Lhassane. "Solutions d'un problème aux limites non linéaire discontinu à l'infini." Paris 9, 1988. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1988PA090010.
Full textObeid-El, Hamidi Amira. "Sur une équation elliptique non linéaire dégénérée." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002263.
Full textHertzog, Alain. "Existence et calcul de solutions d'un problème non linéaire de résonateur à quartz." Besançon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BESA2006.
Full textKone, Abou Dramane. "Contribution à la conception des actionneurs électriques par formulation en termes d'optimisation." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT033H.
Full textLi, Wei. "Analyse numérique de problèmes non convexes à donnée au bord non linéaire." Metz, 1993. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1993/Li.Wei.SMZ9310.pdf.
Full textIn this thesis, we study a kind of non-convex varaitional problems. Such problems originated in material science, for example in crystal, etc. We consider the following problems : inf#(*(x)) dx; inf#(*(x))+((x)a(x)) dx on certain Sobolev space w#1#p(a) and where the energy density posses energy wells, say w1 i=1,. . . K. In general, such problems can be no classical solution. In our studies, the numerical method introduced by M. Chipot, C. Collins and D. Kinderlerer has been developped. In section 1 and 2 some results of estimation in a space of finit-element are obtained. Section 3 is contributed to an analysis or parametrized measure. We get a result of Young measure which showing the existence and uniqueness of the generalized solution. And in section 4, we have some estimation results in terms of probability, which explains the behavior of the minimising sequences
Hadjar, Ahmed. "Composition de polyèdres associés aux problèmes d'optimisation combinatoire." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00345405.
Full textNahayo, Fulgence. "Modèle mathématique d'optimisation non-linéaire du bruit des avions commerciaux en approche sous contrainte énergétique." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00855690.
Full textMarcotte, Jean-Philippe. "Méthodes itératives pour la résolution, par éléments finis, du problème de Stokes non linéaire." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ57419.pdf.
Full textVartanian, Arthur Haroutyoun. "Comportement asymptotique des solutions du problème de Cauchy pour l'équation de Schrödinger non-linéaire modifiée." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOS018.
Full textLacassagne, Frédéric. "Etude et parallélisation de méthodes d'optimisation directes : application à la programmation dynamique et au simplexe non linéaire." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU3A279.
Full textSassi, Taoufik. "Méthodes de décomposition de domaine pour la résolution de problème d'élasticité non linéaire avec maillages incompatibles." Paris 9, 1993. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1993PA090010.
Full textPrzybylski, Anthony. "Méthode en deux phases pour la résolution exacte de problèmes d'optimisation combinatoire comportant plusieurs objectifs : nouveaux développements et application au problème d'affectation linéaire." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2123.
Full textThe purpose of this work is the exact solution of multi-objective combinatorial optimisation problems with the two phase method. For this, we use assignment problem as a support for our investigations. The two phase method is a general solving scheme that has been popularized by Ulungu in 1993. The main idea of this method is to exploit the specific structure of combinatorial optimisation problems in a multi-objective context. It has been applied to a number of problems, with a limitation on the bi-objective case. We present improvements in this method and in its application to the bi-objective assignment problem. In particular, we propose improved upper bounds and the use of a ranking algorithm as main routine in the second phase of the method. We propose next a generalisation of this method to the multi-objective case, done in two steps. For the first phase, we analyse the weight set decomposition in correspondance with the nondominated extreme points. This allows us to highlight a geometric notion of adjacency between these points and an optimality condition on their enumeration. The second phase consists in the definition and the exploration of the area inside of which enumerations are required to finalize the resolution to the problem. Our solution is based primarily on an appropriate description of this area, that allows to explore it by analogy with the bi-objective case. It is therefore possible to reuse a strategy developped for this case. Experimental results on three-objective assignment problem show the efficiency of the method
Ouakka, Abderrahman. "Approches stationnaires en mécanique non linéaire." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ENPC9329.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to carry out theoretical investigation of steady state mechanical problems and to develop systematic and reliable procedures for computational analysis of these problems. This thesis is divided in three parts which illustrate the steady state approach. The first part is devoted to the three-dimensional simulation of roll-expansion process by mean of a stationary algorithm. The aim is to evaluate the effects of several parameters (geometry, loading conditions, material behavior) on the residual stresses which play an important role for the prediction of damage and corrosion craking occurring in some Inconel tubes of steam generators. The second part is aiming to extend the steady state algorithm to the case of finite transformation. The variation of the geometry of a material element during the forming process incline to describe the kinematics of the flow by searching the streamlines. This leads us to propose a suitable algorithm. As an illustration of the such approach, the forming process and the orthogonal metal cutting are numerically investigated. Finally, the last part is essentially theorical. It is devoted to the study of a steady state crack propagation in a hyper-elastic solid subject to finite anti-plane shear. The small-scale yielding is assumed. The solution is obtained by an asymptotic treatment of the near-crack tip fields. The analytic solutions obtains for various classes materials generalize those constructed by Knowles and Sternberg. This study gives the main parameters governing the crack propagation in this nonlinear material. The conditions of the lost of ellipticity of the governing displacement equation of equilibrium lead to solutions containing lines of deformations gradient discontinuity depending on the Mach number
Tchou-Kien, David. "Contribution à l'optimisation des structures composites élastiques et hyperélastiques." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066349.
Full textHilout, Saïd. "Stabilité hölderienne et lipschitzienne de la solution optimale d'un problème de programmation mathématique convexe non différentiable." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2286.
Full textPugsley, Gareth. "Modélisation paramétrique non linéaire des machines asynchrones et démarche d'optimisation associée : application au dimensionnement dans les véhicules hybrides." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00408322.
Full textNizard, David. "Programmation mathématique non convexe non linéaire en variables entières : un exemple d'application au problème de l'écoulement de larges blocs d'actifs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASG015.
Full textMathematical programming provides a framework to study and resolve optimization problems, constrained or not. It represents an active domain of Applied Mathematics, for the second half of the 20th century.The aim of this thesis is to solve an non convex, non linear, pure integer, mathematical program, under a linear constraint of equality. This problem, although studied in this dissertation only in the deterministic case, stems from a financial application, known as the large block sale problem, or optimal portfolio liquidation. It consists in selling a (very large) known quantity M of a financial asset in finite time, discretized in N points in time, while maximizing the proceeds of the sale. At each point in time, the sell price is modeled by a penalty function, which reflects the antagonistic behavior of the market in response to our progressive selling flow.From the standpoint of the mathematical programming, this class of problems is NP-hard to solve according to Garey and Johnson, because the non convexity of the objective function imposes on us to adapt classical resolutions methods (Branch and Bound, cuts) for integer variables. In addition, as no general resolution method for this class of problems is known, the methods used for solving must be adapted to the problem specifics.The first part of the thesis is devoted to solve the problem, either exactly or approximately, using Dynamic Programming. We indeed prove that Bellman's equation applies to the problem studied and thus enables to solve it exactly and quickly for small instances. For medium and large instances, for which Dynamic Programming is either not available and/or efficient, we provide lower bounds using different heuristics relying on Dynamic Programming, or local search methods, for which performance (tightness and CPU time) and complexity are studied.The second part of this thesis focuses on the equivalent reformulation of the problem in a factored form, and on its convex relaxation using McCormick's inequalities. We introduce two exact resolution algorithms, which belongs to the Branch and Bound category. They return the global optimum or bound it in limited time.In a third part, dedicated to numerical experiments, we compare our resolution methods between each other and to state of the art solvers. We notice in particular that our bounds are comparable and sometimes even better than solvers' bounds, both free and commercial (e.g LocalSolver, Scip, Baron, Couenne et Bonmin), which we use as benchmark.In addition, we show that our resolution methods may apply to sufficiently regular and increasing penalty functions, especially functions which are currently not handled by some solvers, even though they make economic sense for the problem, as does trigonometric functions or the arctangent function for instance.Numerically, Dynamic Programming does optimally solve the problem, within a minute, for instances of size N<100 and M< 10 000. Our heuristics provide very tight lower bounds, which often reach the optimum, for N<1 000 and M<100 000. By contrast, optimal resolution of the factored problem proves efficient for instances of size N<10, M<1 000, even though we obtain relatively good upper bounds. Lastly, for large instances (M>1 000 000), our heuristics based on Dynamic Programming, when available, return the best lower bounds. However, we are not able to bound the optimum tightly, since our upper bounds are not thin
Métivier, Ludovic. "Une méthode d'inversion non linéaire pour l'imagerie sismique haute résolution." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Nord - Paris XIII, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00471293.
Full textAlaoui, Soulimani Amina. "Une méthode énergétique de modélisation de la viscoélasticité non linéaire en grandes déformations." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ENPC9320.
Full textWe propose a new modelling of finite non linear viscoealasticity based on the choice of proper Lagrangian strain tensor which permits to write the constitutive equation as a single convolutive integral. To insure the thermodynamic compatibility of this approach, we derive the constitutive equation from the Helmhotz free energy of the material, which is supposed to be a quadratic intergral form on the history of this peculiar strain tensor. We use the Clausius-Duhem equation to calculate the dissipation function for the material. We make the link between our approach and the elasticity of rubber-like materials and we propose a scheme to find the proper Lagrangian strain tensor from the strain energy function of the material. For isotropic materials we propose a full procedure for the experimental characterization. Finally, we give some applications based on the comparaison between the multiple integral expansion proposed by Pipkin and our modelling
Hohweiller, Tom. "Méthodes de décomposition non-linéaire pour l'imagerie X spectrale." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI097.
Full textSpectral tomodensitometry is a new emerging x-ray imaging modality. If the dual-energy principle was already known for quite some time, new developments on photon-counting detectors now allowing acquiring more energy bins than before. This modality allows reducing some artifacts presents in x-ray imaging, such as beam hardening, but mostly to decompose the data into the chemical composition of the imaged tissue. It also enables the use of new markers (i.e. gold) with an energic discontinuity. The use of these markers also allows to locate and quantify them in the patient, granting great potential for medical imaging. Decomposition in the projection domain followed by a tomographic reconstruction is a classical processing for those spectral data. However, decomposition methods in the projection domain are unstable for a high number of energy bins. Classical calibration technic is numerically unstable for more than two energy bins. This thesis aims to developed new material decomposition methods in the projections domains. After expressing the spectral forward model, the decomposition problem is expressed and dealt as a non-linear inverse problem. It will be solved by minimizing a cost function composed by a term characterizing the fidelity of the decomposition regarding the data and an \textit{a priori} of the decomposed material maps. We will firstly present an adaptation of the cost function that takes into account the Poissonian noise on the data. This formulation allows having better decomposed maps for a high level of noise than classical formulation. Then, two constrained algorithms will be presented. The first one, a projected Gauss-Newton algorithm, that enforces positivity on the decomposed maps, allows having better decomposed maps than an unconstrained algorithm. To improve the first algorithm, another one was developed that also used an egality constrain. The equality allows having images with fewer artifacts than before. These methods are tested on a numerical phantom of a mouse and thorax. To speed up the decomposition process, an automatic choice of parameters is presented, which allow faster decomposition while keeping good maps. Finally, the methods are tested on experimental data that are coming from a spectral scanner prototype
Abboud, Hyam. "Schémas à deux grilles pour la résolution du problème de Navier-Stocks instationnaire incompressible." Paris 6, 2006. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00132658.
Full textLabat, Christian. "Algorithmes d'optimisation de critères pénalisés pour la restauration d'images : application à la déconvolution de trains d'impulsions en imagerie ultrasonore." Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de nantes - ECN, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00132861.
Full text- Démontrer la convergence des algorithmes SQ approchés et GCNL+SQ1D.
- Etablir des liens forts entre les algorithmes SQ approchés et GCNL+SQ1D.
- Illustrer expérimentalement en déconvolution d'images le fait que les algorithmes SQ approchés et GCNL+SQ1D sont préférables aux algorithmes SQ exacts.
- Appliquer l'approche pénalisée à un problème de déconvolution d'images en contrôle non destructif par ultrasons.
Landelle, Benoit. "Étude Statistique du Problème de la Trajectographie Passive." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00386071.
Full textRhaouti, Leïla. "Domaines fictifs pour la modélisation d'un problème d'interaction fluide-structure : simulation de la timbale." Paris 9, 1999. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1999PA090039.
Full textTchapnga, Takoudjou Rodrigue. "Méthodes de modélisation et d'optimisation par recherche à voisinages variables pour le problème de collecte et de livraison avec transbordement." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0052/document.
Full textThe thesis is conducted under the ANR project PRODIGE and it is focused on seeking strategies allowing the optimization of transport in general and road freight transport in particular. The transportation problem support for this study is the pickup and delivery problem with transshipment.This problem generalizes several classical transportation problems.Transshipment is used as optimization and flexibility leverage. To study and solve this problem, analyzes are performed along three axes :the first objective concerns the development of an analytical model, more accurately a mathematical model with mixed variables. This model allows providing optimal solution to the decision maker, but has the disadvantage of requiring a time resolution that grows exponentially with the size of the problem. This limitation is overcome by the second line of the study that solves the transportation problem studied by an approximate optimization method while ensuring satisfactory solutions. The method used is a mataheuristic broadly followed the variables neighborhoods research principles. In the third objective, the overall results obtained in the thesis are tested in real transport situation via the PRODIGE project
Dào, Ngoc Minh. "Techniques d'optimisation non lisse avec des applications en automatique et en mécanique des contacts." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2478/.
Full textNonsmooth optimization is an active branch of modern nonlinear programming, where objective and constraints are continuous but not necessarily differentiable functions. Generalized subgradients are available as a substitute for the missing derivative information, and are used within the framework of descent algorithms to approximate local optimal solutions. Under practically realistic hypotheses we prove convergence certificates to local optima or critical points from an arbitrary starting point. In this thesis we develop especially nonsmooth optimization techniques of bundle type, where the challenge is to prove convergence certificates without convexity hypotheses. Satisfactory results are obtained for two important classes of nonsmooth functions in applications, lower- and upper-C1 functions. Our methods are applied to design problems in control system theory and in unilateral contact mechanics and in particular, in destructive mechanical testing for delamination of composite materials. We show how these fields lead to typical nonsmooth optimization problems, and we develop bundle algorithms suited to address these problems successfully
De, Vallière Dimitri. "Problèmes de non arbitrage, de recouvrement et d'optimisation de consommation dans un marché financier avec coûts de transactions." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00477632.
Full textBrahim-Belhouari, Sofiane. "Choix de structures de modèles pertinentes pour un problème d’inversion." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112150.
Full textLopez, Cédric. "Méthodes d'optimisation des trains d'atterrissage d'hélicoptère." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003600.
Full textSalhi, Yamina. "Étude et réalisation de logiciels d'optimisation non contrainte avec dérivation numérique et estimation de la précision des résultats." Paris 6, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA066412.
Full textOmer, Jérémy Jean Guy. "Modèles déterministes et stochastiques pour la résolution numérique du problème de maintien de séparation entre aéronefs." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ESAE0007/document.
Full textThis thesis belongs to the field of mathematical programming, applied to the separation of aircraft stabilised on the same altitude. The primary objective is to develop algorithms for the resolution of air conflicts. The expected benefit of such algorithm is to increase the capacity of the airspace in order to reduce the number of late flights and let more aircraft follow their optimal trajectory. Moreover, meteorological forecast and trajectory predictions being inexact,the uncertainty on the data is an important issue. The approach that is followed focuses on the deterministic problem in the first place because it is much simpler. To do this, four nonlinear and mixed integer linear programming models, including a criterion based on fuel consumption and flight duration, are developed. Their comparison on a benchmark of scenarios shows the relevance of using an approximate linear model for the study of the problem with uncertainties.A random wind field, correlated in space and time, as well as speed measures with Gaussianerrors are then taken into account. As a first step, the deterministic problem is adapted by computinga margin from an approximate calculation of conflict probabilities and by adding it tothe reference separation distance. Finally, a stochastic formulation with recourse is developed.In this model, the random errors are explicitly included in order to consider the possibility of ordering recourse actions if the observed errors cause new conflicts
MORIEN, PIERRE LUC. "Autour des équations aux dérivées partielles stochastiques : systèmes en interaction et problème non-linéaire, régularité et approximation des densités." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066819.
Full textPawilowski, Boris. "Limite de champ moyen pour des modèles discrets et équation de Schrödinger non linéaire discrète." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S163.
Full textIn a serie of works Z. Ammari and F. Nier developed methods to study the dynamics of bosonic mean field for general quantum states which can present correlations. They obtained formulas to describe the dynamics of the correlations, or more generally reduced density matrices with an arbitrary order. This topic was widely developed these last years. N.J. Mauser was one of contributors, as well as on the notion of Wigner measure which is the key of the analysis developed by Z. Ammari and F. Nier. Generally, the mean field asymptotic is admitted is a good approximation of the N-body problem when N exceed about ten. It concerns the asymptotics of the reduced density matrices for one particle which does not describe the dynamics of the correlations. An objective is to test the validity of the mean field dynamics for reduced density matrices for 2 particles. For numerical tests, the discrete models which were not really handled in detail in the previous works of Z. Ammari and F. Nier seem adapted well. The thesis will thus include several steps: adapt the previous results from Z. Ammari and F. Nier to discrete models , develop numerical methods, for simple but relevant systems, allowing to validate the approximation of mean field and the formulas for the dynamics of the correlations. About numerics, symplectic numerical scheme are used, developed specifically these last years for the discretization of the hamiltonian equations. A last possible step concerns the combination of both asymptotics, that is mean field and approximation of the continuous models by the discrete models
Floquet, Pascal. "Procédures discrète et continue d'optimisation et de CAO en génie chimique : étude de cas." Toulouse, INPT, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPT018G.
Full textGuillet, Christophe. "Instabilité de systèmes hamiltoniens au sens de chirikov et bifurcation dans un problème d'évolution non linéaire issu de la physique." Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA2069.
Full textWe prove the existence of a minimal geometrico-dynamical condition to create hyperbolicity in section in the vicinity of a transversal homoclinic partially hyperbolic torus in a near integrable Hamiltonian system with three degrees of freedom. We deduce in this context a generalization of the Easton's theorem of symbolic dynamics. Then we give the optimal estimation of the Arnold diffusion time along a transition chain in the initially hyperbolic Hamiltonian systems with three degrees of freedom with a surrounding chain of hyperbolic periodic orbits. In a second part, we describe geometrically a mechanism of diffusion studied by Chirikov in a near integrable Hamiltonian system with three degrees of freedom and depending of two parameters, involving a layer of nearby parallel resonant planes and a resonant plane crossing this layer in a same given energy manifold. Thus, we prove that under some threshold about the dominating parameter, we can construct a transition orbit drifting through this modulational layer. One of the sketches proposed, the mechanism of modulational diffusion, based on the existence of heteroclinic connections between partially hyperbolic tori of two nearby resonant planes of the layer, is valid when an overlapping condition is satisfied. We finally study the bi-dimensional model describing a laminar flow with mixed convection between two parallel plane plates and inside a vertical tube. With reduced boundary conditions, we prove via the central manifold theorem that the system has a primary pitchfork bifurcation for a critical value of the Rayleigh number