Books on the topic 'Problem framing and scoping'
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1
Clark, Roger N. Integrated research in natural resources: The key role of problem framing. Portland, OR: U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2006.
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Framing the Force Protection Problem: An Application of Knowledge Management. Storming Media, 2002.
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Masys, Anthony J. Applications of Systems Thinking and Soft Operations Research in Managing Complexity: From Problem Framing to Problem Solving. Springer International Publishing AG, 2015.
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Masys, Anthony J. Applications of Systems Thinking and Soft Operations Research in Managing Complexity: From Problem Framing to Problem Solving. Springer International Publishing AG, 2016.
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Masys, Anthony J. Applications of Systems Thinking and Soft Operations Research in Managing Complexity: From Problem Framing to Problem Solving. Springer, 2015.
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6
J, Brooks Jeffrey, and Rocky Mountain Research Station (Fort Collins, Colo.), eds. Collaborative capacity, problem framing, and mutual trust in addressing the wildland fire social problem: An annotated reading list. Fort Collins, CO: United States Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2006.
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J, Brooks Jeffrey, and Rocky Mountain Research Station (Fort Collins, Colo.), eds. Collaborative capacity, problem framing, and mutual trust in addressing the wildland fire social problem: An annotated reading list. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2006.
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8
J, Brooks Jeffrey, and Rocky Mountain Research Station (Fort Collins, Colo.), eds. Collaborative capacity, problem framing, and mutual trust in addressing the wildland fire social problem: An annotated reading list. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2006.
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9
Babor, Thomas F., Jonathan Caulkins, Benedikt Fischer, David Foxcroft, Keith Humphreys, María Elena Medina-Mora, Isidore Obot, et al. Framing the issues. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198818014.003.0001.
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The use of psychoactive substances is commonplace in many parts of the world, despite the efforts of policymakers, government officials, public health advocates, and concerned citizens to prevent, eliminate, or control it. If previous experience can serve as a guide, in the future many countries will face periodic drug-use epidemics, followed by aggressive policy responses to suppress them. Continued endemic drug use generates a patchwork of policy responses that never quite keep up with the problem. The scientific evidence on the impact of policy constitutes the core interest of this book and consists of three broad approaches: programmes to prevent drug use, treatment and harm-minimization services that help heavy drug users change their behaviour, and supply control programmes to restrict access to illicit substances. This book suggests that public health concepts provide an important vehicle to coordinate supply control and demand reduction.
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Berkowitz, Drew Emanuel. Framing School Violence and Bullying in Young Adult Manga: Fictional Perspectives on a Pedagogical Problem. Springer International Publishing AG, 2020.
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Marlow, Toni-Lou *. The framing of artificial intelligence: a whodunit (or can computers do it?) problem (the final BYTE). 1989.
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Marlow, Toni-Lou. The framing of artificial intelligence: A whodunit (or can computers do it?) problem (the final byte). 1989.
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13
Gandy, Oscar H. Framing Inequality in Public Policy Discourse. Edited by Kate Kenski and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.013.019.
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This essay explores a variety of ways that the problem of inequality has been framed in the context of national policy debates in the United States. Following an introduction to the notion of inequality as a social problem, the chapter provides a brief review of how framing has been examined as a communications process and a strategic resource. The framing of inequality as a focus of public policy debates is described in relation to a selection of issues that include health disparities, racial inequality, and the digital divide. An additional assessment is made of the use of comparative risk as a framework for highlighting differences between groups defined by race, ethnicity and social class. The framing of environmental risks is examined in relation to a social justice frame. The author concludes with a discussion of constraints on the use of particular frames within debates about economic social policy.
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Kim, Jae Hong, and Geoffrey J. D. Hewings. Framing Urban Systems and Planning Concerns as a Multilevel Problem: A Review of the Integrated Urban System Models with an Emphasis on Their Hierarchical Structures. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195380620.013.0031.
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Regier, Alexander. Johann Georg Hamann. Edited by Paul Hamilton. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696383.013.9.
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This chapter follows a neglected tradition (Kierkegaard, Heidegger, Benjamin, Celan) which finds in Hamann a problem that, in its many different forms, becomes the problem of a Romanticism that goes beyond a Kantian framing of philosophy, namely the problem of poetical thinking that encompasses the world or, to put it in Schlegelian terms, conceiving of the world as poesy. Hamann is a figure who offers completely new and unusual ways of thinking about issues that are central to our understanding of the Enlightenment, Romanticism, and modernity. One example for this is the connection of thought and language. Such enquiries can uncover historically specific, and important, material as well as go beyond this recovery. They suggest that Hamann’s unorthodox way of framing the problem of poesis, thinking, and language constitutes a real invitation radically to reconsider many assumptions that we recognize as central to both us and to the period.
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Ferlie, Ewan, Sue Dopson, Chris Bennett, Michael D. Fischer, Jean Ledger, and Gerry McGivern. Case study 3. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777212.003.0008.
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The chapter discusses management consultants and consulting knowledge in health care, highlighting significant expenditure on consultancy and how consultants have shaped thinking in public services, which some critics suggest has served consultants’ own (financial) interests. The chapter then discusses the way consultants mobilize management knowledge and frame clients’ problems and solutions. It discusses an empirical case study of a consultancy project to redesign NHS organizations to make substantial ‘efficiency savings’. Here, consultants framed the NHS’s problem and solution, and then imposed an organizational redesign. Local NHS managers and clinicians framed the NHS’s problem differently, doubting the consultants’ framing and proposing redesign, but feeling unable to engage in dialogue about these concerns. Consequently, they engaged with the project in a calculated and defensive way, superficially accepting the redesign while waiting for its implementation to fail. Thus, the chapter demonstrates framing politics surrounding management consulting knowledge.
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Nothaft, C. Philipp E. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799559.003.0001.
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The introduction to this book sets the stage with some framing remarks on the significance of computus in the context of medieval culture and on the ‘calendar problem’ as confronted by medieval scholars. It provides several examples to highlight the importance of calendrical reckoning to the life of the Latin Church and gives some indication of how and why the growing inaccuracies in the date of Easter came to be regarded as a major scandal that could only be removed by a calendar reform. It continues with a discussion of previous research on the topics covered by the book before concluding with a summary of its eight chapters.
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Rosenberg, Michael. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190845896.003.0001.
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Definitions for and tests designed to demonstrate female virginity have as much to do with cultural ideals of masculinity as they do with concerns about sexual practices or women’s bodies. A wealth of scholarship in recent years on masculinity in late antiquity generally and Rabbinic Judaism specifically is thus helpful in framing this study. Unlike earlier studies, however, attention to chronological and geographical variety within late antique Judaism helps sharpen our understanding of masculinity in this work. The introduction concludes with brief discussions about the problem with the terms “virgin” and “hymen,” and about methodological issues concerning working with edited Rabbinic texts. An outline of the book’s contents follows.
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Dewar, Jacqueline M. Developing a Researchable Question. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821212.003.0003.
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Chapter 2 describes how to convert a problem or question about teaching or learning into a researchable question. It uses a taxonomy of scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) questions—What works? What is? What could be?—derived from the work of Carnegie scholars to guide the framing of a question. Since initially, most SoTL questions are quite broad, the chapter considers several methods for refining questions. It discusses how to conduct searches of educational literature and why they are valuable when developing a question. It shows how to use disciplinary knowledge and situational factors to refine a question. It describes how identifying underlying assumptions and considering feasibility can help to further refine or perhaps reformulate SoTL research questions. Multiple examples from and references to published SoTL studies of teaching and learning in science engineering and mathematics are provided.
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Defila, Rico, and Antonietta di Giulio. Managing Consensus in Inter- and Transdisciplinary Teams: Tasks and Expertise. Edited by Robert Frodeman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198733522.013.27.
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Collaborative problem framing is crucial to arrive at integrated results in inter- and transdisciplinary research projects. Its significance is supported by empirical evidence gained in a survey, which shows significant differences concerning common goals, language, and theoretical basis between teams who had achieved a synthesis and those that had not. A shared view of a problem and of how to deal with it is the starting point for inquiries of individuals and/or subprojects, and the point to return to after their results are available. Thus, balancing collaborative and individual work is crucial in managing such projects. Managing inter- or transdisciplinary projects covers a number of highly demanding processes taking place during their life span. It is a complex and demanding scientific task that could be called “content-rich moderation” (following the German “Inhaltsreiche Moderation”) to express its nature. To succeed, managers of inter- or transdisciplinary projects need different kinds of expertise.
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Tomlinson, Jim. Inflation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786092.003.0009.
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This chapter analyses the inflation problem, assessing how accounts of inflation shaped the approach to incomes policies and their accompanying publicity. The focus is on the 1970s, when peacetime inflation peaked along with policy focus on its reduction. The discussion is in four sections. The first shows how a narrative about inflation was constructed, before and during the 1970s. The second looks at the Counter-Inflation Publicity Unit (CIPU), created by the government in 1975. The unit’s purpose was to shape opinion, but it also sponsored a substantial number of surveys of public understanding of inflation, so that from its records we can examine not only government statements on the issue, but how these impacted upon the intended audience. The third section assesses the relationship between the CIPU’s framing of the inflation issue and popular understanding, whilst the final section suggests the ambiguous effects of the unit’s activities
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Ansolabehere, Karina, Barbara A. Frey, and Leigh A. Payne, eds. Disappearances in the Post-Transition Era in Latin America. British Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197267226.001.0001.
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The book identifies a new human rights phenomenon. While disappearances have tended to be associated with authoritarian state and armed conflict periods, the study looks at these acts carried out in procedural democracies where democratic institutions prevail. Specifically, the book manuscript analyses disappearances in four Latin American countries (Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, and El Salvador) which provide insights into the dimensions of this contemporary social problem. The theoretical framing for the volume links contemporary disappearances with certain logics that emerged in the authoritarian and armed conflict periods and continue today. It also covers the evolution of legal instruments addressing past disappearances and the current phenomenon. Each case study is introduced by a personal story of disappearance, followed by analyses. The following ‘Tools’ section sets out ‘best practices’ used by civil society groups and non-governmental organisations to address the rights of victims for truth, justice, reparations, and guarantees of non-repetition.
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Ecks, Stefan. Living Worth. Duke University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478022282.
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In Living Worth Stefan Ecks draws on ethnographic research on depression and antidepressant usage in India to develop a new theory of value. Framing depressive disorder as a problem of value, Ecks traces the myriad ways antidepressants come to have value, from their ability to help make one’s life worth living to the wealth they generate in the multibillion-dollar global pharmaceutical market. Through case studies that include analyses of the different valuation of generic and brand-name drugs, the origins of rising worldwide depression rates, and the marketing, prescription, and circulation of antidepressants, Ecks theorizes value as a process of biocommensuration. Biocommensurations—transactions that aim or claim to make life better—are those forms of social, medical, and corporate actions that allow value to be measured, exchanged, substituted, and redistributed. Ecks’s theory expands value beyond both a Marxist labor theory of value and a free market subjective theory, thereby offering new insights into how the value of lives and things become entangled under neoliberal capitalism.
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James, Simon P. How Nature Matters. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198871613.001.0001.
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Abstract How Nature Matters presents an original theory of nature’s value based on part–whole relations. In so doing, it solves the difficult problem of how we should conceptualize nature’s cultural values. The standard practice of framing them in terms of the provision of cultural ecosystem services is shown to be inadequate. When natural things have cultural value, they typically do not have it as service providers—that is, as means to valuable ends. They have it as parts of valuable and meaningful wholes—as parts of traditions, narratives, and cultural identities. These conclusions are developed and defended through twelve case studies, concerning, amongst other things, the contentious practice of dugong hunting and the religious significance of the site where the Buddha is said to have become enlightened. The author also analyses some cutting-edge policy-related topics, such as the debate surrounding the concept of relational value, and takes a stand on various foundational issues in environmental philosophy, including the question of whether anything on earth qualifies as natural.
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MacGeorge, Erina L., and Lyn M. Van Swol, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Advice. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190630188.001.0001.
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Advice, defined as a recommendation for action in response to a problem, is a common form of interpersonal support and influence. Indeed, the advice we give and receive from others can be highly consequential, not only affecting us as recipients and advisors but also shaping outcomes for relationships, groups, and organizations. Some of those consequences are positive, as when advice promotes individual problem solving or enhances workgroup productivity. Yet advice can also hide ulterior motives, threaten identity, damage relationships, and promote inappropriate action. The Oxford Handbook of Advice provides a broad perspective on how advice succeeds and fails, systematically reviewing and synthesizing theory and research on advice from multiple disciplines, such as communication, psychology, applied linguistics, business, law, and medicine. Some chapters examine advice at different levels of analysis, focusing on advisor and recipient roles, advising interactions and relationships, and advice as a resource and connection in groups and networks. Other chapters address advice in particular types of personal relationships (e.g., romantic and family) and professional contexts (e.g., workplace, health, education, and therapy). Authors also consider cultural differences, advice online, and the ethics of advising. For scholars concerned with supportive communication, interpersonal influence, decision making, social networks, and related communication processes at work, at home, and in society at large, the Handbook offers historical perspective, contemporary theoretical framing, methodological recommendations, and directions for future research. The authors also emphasize practical application, offering clear, concise, and relevant “advice for advising” based on theory and research.
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Maani, Nason, Mark Petticrew, and Sandro Galea, eds. The Commercial Determinants of Health. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197578742.001.0001.
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Abstract Until recently, the commercial determinants have remained largely absent from conceptual frameworks of the social determinants of health, despite their clear importance to health and well-being. This is especially challenging because even a single large industry sector can have a profound, intersectional impact on sociocultural and physical environments. Such a sector can affect everything from the consumption patterns of a particular product and the health and social problems caused by those patterns of consumption to the social norms surrounding when and how much of it people use, the tax and regulatory frameworks surrounding it, the science regarding its harms and benefits, how policymakers view the problem and its causes, and the framing of possible solutions. The commercial determinants of health are emerging as a field of study in their own right; however, currently, there is no book that seeks to synthesize current definitions, frameworks, and empirical research into a coherent research and translational entity and to help the field make the leap to its next level. This book aims to fill that gap by making the case for why commercial determinants of health matter and discussing what is known about them, examples of the ways in which they affect population health, and ways to research and influence them as the field continues to grow and evolve.
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Bryner, Gary. Environmental Justice. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.167.
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Environmental justice brings together two of the most powerful social movements of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, environmentalism and civil rights. Despite the success in reducing pollution and improving environmental quality in many areas, the reduction of race- and income-based disparities in environmental conditions, such as the levels of pollution to which individuals are exposed, has seen limited progress. Minority and low income communities continue to bear the brunt of environmental burdens. The idea of environmental justice also helps clarify the ethical issues underlying climate change and compels action to reduce the threat even in the face of uncertainties and to help poor nations with the costs of adapting to disruptive climate change. A major challenge in environmental justice is deciding how to define the problem. Five options for framing the issue of environmental justice capture most of the approaches taken by advocates and scholars. These are the civil rights framework; theories of distributive justice, fairness, and rights; the public participation framework, social justice framework, and ecological sustainability framework. These frameworks are not mutually exclusive. They overlap considerably and proponents of one primary framework may rely on elements of others as they frame the issues. Advocates of environmental justice will find that elements of each can contribute to their goal. No one framework is sufficient, but in recognizing where those with other views are coming from, we can develop opportunities for creative solutions that bring together alternative approaches.
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Loughlin, James. Fascism and Constitutional Conflict. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781786941770.001.0001.
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This work makes an original and important contribution, both to the field of British fascist/extreme Right studies and to the Ulster question. British fascist studies have to date largely ignored Northern Ireland, yet it engaged the attention of all the significant fascist movements, both pro-loyalist and pro-nationalist, from the British Fascists and Sir Oswald Mosley’s British Union of Fascists in the inter-war period to Mosley’s Union Movement, the National Front and British National Party thereafter. As a recurring site of political unrest Northern Ireland should have provided a promising arena for development, however this work demonstrates the great differences between Northern Ireland and Britain that made this problematic, especially the singularity of regional concerns and outlooks and the prominence of the constitutional issue, leaving little space for external parties to develop. Nor did framing the Ulster problem in a European context, such as Mosley’s post-war concept of Europe-a-Nation prove effective. for pro-loyalist extreme Right organisations during the Troubles a common allegiance to symbols of Britishness was offset not only the distinctiveness of regional interests but by the presence of Catholics among their leaders, while their failure to develop successfully as national movements in Britain meant they had little to offer Ulster loyalists. In focussing on Northern Ireland, this study provides insights, both into the strengths and weaknesses of British fascist organisations in the UK as a whole together with how difficult the region was for British organisations to cultivate; indeed, not just the extreme Right but mainstream parties as well.
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Termeer, Catrien, Arwin van Buuren, Art Dewulf, Dave Huitema, Heleen Mees, Sander Meijerink, and Marleen van Rijswick. Governance Arrangements for Adaptation to Climate Change. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.600.
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Adaptation to climate change is not only a technical issue; above all, it is a matter of governance. Governance is more than government and includes the totality of interactions in which public as well as private actors participate, aiming to solve societal problems. Adaptation governance poses some specific, demanding challenges, such as the context of institutional fragmentation, as climate change involves almost all policy domains and governance levels; the persistent uncertainties about the nature and scale of risks and proposed solutions; and the need to make short-term policies based on long-term projections. Furthermore, adaptation is an emerging policy field with, at least for the time being, only weakly defined ambitions, responsibilities, procedures, routines, and solutions. Many scholars have already shown that complex problems, such as adaptation to climate change, cannot be solved in a straightforward way with actions taken by a hierarchic or monocentric form of governance. This raises the question of how to develop governance arrangements that contribute to realizing adaptation options and increasing the adaptive capacity of society. A series of seven basic elements have to be addressed in designing climate adaptation governance arrangements: the framing of the problem, the level(s) at which to act, the alignment across sectoral boundaries, the timing of the policies, the selection of policy instruments, the organization of the science-policy interface, and the most appropriate form of leadership. For each of these elements, this chapter suggests some tentative design principles. In addition to effectiveness and legitimacy, resilience is an important criterion for evaluating these arrangements. The development of governance arrangements is always context- and time-specific, and constrained by the formal and informal rules of existing institutions.
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Brunner, Ronald D., and Amanda H. Lynch. Adaptive Governance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.601.
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Adaptive governance is defined by a focus on decentralized decision-making structures and procedurally rational policy, supported by intensive natural and social science. Decentralized decision-making structures allow a large, complex problem like global climate change to be factored into many smaller problems, each more tractable for policy and scientific purposes. Many smaller problems can be addressed separately and concurrently by smaller communities. Procedurally rational policy in each community is an adaptation to profound uncertainties, inherent in complex systems and cognitive constraints, that limit predictability. Hence planning to meet projected targets and timetables is secondary to continuing appraisal of incremental steps toward long-term goals: What has and hasn’t worked compared to a historical baseline, and why? Each step in such trial-and-error processes depends on politics to balance, if not integrate, the interests of multiple participants to advance their common interest—the point of governance in a free society. Intensive science recognizes that each community is unique because the interests, interactions, and environmental responses of its participants are multiple and coevolve. Hence, inquiry focuses on case studies of particular contexts considered comprehensively and in some detail.Varieties of adaptive governance emerged in response to the limitations of scientific management, the dominant pattern of governance in the 20th century. In scientific management, central authorities sought technically rational policies supported by predictive science to rise above politics and thereby realize policy goals more efficiently from the top down. This approach was manifest in the framing of climate change as an “irreducibly global” problem in the years around 1990. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established to assess science for the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The parties negotiated the Kyoto Protocol that attempted to prescribe legally binding targets and timetables for national reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. But progress under the protocol fell far short of realizing the ultimate objective in Article 1 of the UNFCCC, “stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference in the climate system.” As concentrations continued to increase, the COP recognized the limitations of this approach in Copenhagen in 2009 and authorized nationally determined contributions to greenhouse gas reductions in the Paris Agreement in 2015.Adaptive governance is a promising but underutilized approach to advancing common interests in response to climate impacts. The interests affected by climate, and their relative priorities, differ from one community to the next, but typically they include protecting life and limb, property and prosperity, other human artifacts, and ecosystem services, while minimizing costs. Adaptive governance is promising because some communities have made significant progress in reducing their losses and vulnerability to climate impacts in the course of advancing their common interests. In doing so, they provide field-tested models for similar communities to consider. Policies that have worked anywhere in a network tend to be diffused for possible adaptation elsewhere in that network. Policies that have worked consistently intensify and justify collective action from the bottom up to reallocate supporting resources from the top down. Researchers can help realize the potential of adaptive governance on larger scales by recognizing it as a complementary approach in climate policy—not a substitute for scientific management, the historical baseline.