Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Problem-finding'
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Okada, Sachiko. "Role Based Problem Finding for Administrative Improvement in Hospital." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/174842.
Full textSiu, Kin Wai Michael. "Problem finding : a critical and fundamental element in design." Thesis, University of Bath, 2007. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441462.
Full textWickström, Sofia, and Jessica Danielsson. "Sustainable working capital management : A case study of five successful firms." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-227059.
Full textDuffey, Maura. "The Non-Identity Problem: Finding a Narrow-Person-Affecting Solution to a Narrow-Person-Affecting Problem." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/879.
Full textEliasson, Nina. "Finding the problem : Improvements to increase efficiency and usability when troubleshooting." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-167371.
Full textTracy, Peter, and n/a. "Design and Problem-Finding in High Schools: a Study of Students and Their Teacher in One Queensland school." Griffith University. School of Vocational, Technology and Arts Education, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20051110.154602.
Full textTracy, Peter. "Design and Problem-Finding in High Schools: a Study of Students and Their Teacher in One Queensland school." Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366469.
Full textThesis (Masters)
Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
School of Vocational, Technology and Arts Education
Full Text
Rostan, Susan Merrill. "The relationship among problem finding, problem solving, cognitive controls, professional productivity, and domain of professional training in adult males /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1991. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/10298496.
Full textTypescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: James H. Borland. Dissertation Committee: David Nateman. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 268-283).
Ritchie, Krista. "The Process of problem finding in inquiry education: a focus on students' experiences." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95555.
Full textEst-ce que les étudiants dans les classes d'enquête qui s'engage dans la résolution de problème rapporte-ils des expérience différentes comparer a ceux dans les classes d'enquête qui ne s'engagent pas dans la résolution de problème? De plus, est-ce que les étudiants qui s'engages dans la résolution de problème rapporte plus de comportements qui démontre une bonne résolution de problèmes que les étudiants qui ne s'engagent pas dans la résolution de problème? Qu'elles sont les liens communs et les expériences unique avec le processus du problème trouvent? D'ou, exactement, viennent les idées des étudiants? Ces questions ont été répondues dans une étude baser en salle de classe qui documente les expériences des étudiants dans deux contexte d'enquête-orientes différents a trois écoles aux Etats-Unis. A travers des entrevues vidéo-stimulées avec des étudiants, un mélange de questionnaires standard et des entrevues de professeur, la nature de deux différents, quoique d'excellentes approches a l'instruction, ont été décrits et compares. Les étudiants engager a résoudre des problèmes ont été constamment éprouve ; ces detis ont implique beaucoup d'expériences positives et enrichie, mais mènent également a la frustration, la crainte, l'inquiétude, la confusion, et a d'autres émotions négatives non vécus dans le contexte d'instruction professeur-dirige. Les résultats des divers points d'émission de données ont converge pour indiquer que, en conformité avec la théorie de Fredrickson (1998), en pouvant all er au différent tache permet a des étudiants de créer des situations ou ils éprouvent les émotions positives qu'ils doivent défaire le rétrécissement de la perspective lie aux émotions négatives de sentiment en réponse aux taches exigeantes actuelles. Après ces distractions sociales positives, les étudiants ont une perspective fraiche et mentalité positive, ils s'amorcent pour s'engager avec leur projet$
Leach, Charles Edward. "An Investigation of Training in Creative Problem Solving and its Relationship to Affective and Effective Idea Generation of Entrepreneurial Learners." NSUWorks, 2009. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/208.
Full textEkwall, Rickard, and Filip Björkman. "Effektivare offentliga läkemedelsupphandlingar : identifiering av problem och potentiella lösningar." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-243096.
Full textFoley, Sarah-Marie. "Service Fictions as a Method in Problem-Finding Research in the Field of Sleep." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2017. http://repository.cmu.edu/theses/125.
Full textLiang, Chengzhi. "COPIA: A New Software for Finding Consensus Patterns in Unaligned Protein Sequences." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/1050.
Full textBaamann, Katharina. "The maximum clique problem - on finding an upper bound with application to protein structure alignment." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28674.
Full textGraumann, Günter. "Problem Fields in Elementary Arithmetic." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-79913.
Full textAndre, Terence Scott. "Determining the Effectiveness of the Usability Problem Inspector: A Theory-Based Model and Tool for Finding Usability Problems." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26788.
Full textPh. D.
Sigman, Aprill C. "Depicting the role of problem solving in mathematics education throughout the twentieth century : finding basic themes through an historical perspective." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1050230.
Full textDepartment of Mathematical Sciences
van, Heyningen Jan Pieter. "Finding the Balance Between Human Activity and Nature in the Development Debate : -Analyzing interpretations of the ‘problem-solution’ via a Genealogical & Archaeological method -." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-5627.
Full text[This thesis deals with alternate understandings of the relational balance between human activity and global eco-systems. This general understanding shall be conveyed as the ‘problem’ and ‘problem-solution’ for the reason of abstraction from conceptual limitation. However, also capable of mutation and metamorphosis in terms of meaning, the ‘problem’ concept retains in essence the understanding of imbalance between human activity and the global eco-system. Via this tool, the thesis journeys on through various interpretations of the ‘problem’, from a more theoretical set to more practical interpretations with an ‘operationalization’ of one such interpretation at the business level. Simultaneously, the thesis makes use of a Genealogical and Archaeological method of analysis. Therefore, the thesis does not attest to any chronological master narrative, where one event necessarily follows on from another. This thesis seeks to reject that idea, the purpose of which is both to keep a distance and merge with the discourse itself, and to reveal the emergence of three ‘dominant’ power structures of the interpretation of the ‘problem’. In so doing the author is able to reveal several interpretations, reinterpretations of the ‘problem’, as well as the effect lesser power structures have on the various dominant power structures throughout instances in time. Furthermore, this method is able to incorporate a grand scale perspective on the ‘problem’ idea, which serves as an excellent base from which to assess, analyze and reveal assumptions, gaps and contradictions of the various power structures. Consequently the thesis is able to provide calculated solutions on a theoretical level that does not remain one-dimensional but multi-dimensional.]
Davis, Kierrynn, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, and of Agriculture Horticulture and Social Ecology Faculty. "Finding voice, being heard and living in the tension : novice nurse academics critical engagement with a problem orientated curriculum in the academic and practice setting." THESIS_FAHSE_XXX_Davis_J.xml, 1993. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/213.
Full textMaster of Science (Hons) (Social Ecology)
Davis, Kierrynn Miriam Davis. "Finding voice, being heard and living in the tension : novice nurse academics critical engagement with a problem orientated curriculum in the academic and practice setting /." View thesis, 1993. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20031204.100220/index.html.
Full textBohonak, Noni McCullough. "Finding a Fitness Function to be Used with Genetic Algorithms to Solve a Protein Folding Problem: The ab initio Prediction of a Protein Using Torsion Angles." NSUWorks, 2000. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/418.
Full textMoser, Hannes. "Finding optimal solutions for covering and matching problems." Göttingen Cuvillier, 2009. http://d-nb.info/999819399/04.
Full textGotts, N. M. "Unplanned wayfinding in path-networks : a theoretical study of human problem solving." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233103.
Full textLewis, Ryan. "A Problem Well Defined is Nearly Solved." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1277124765.
Full textChabot, Cecil. "Cannibal Wihtiko: Finding Native-Newcomer Common Ground." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/33452.
Full textZápotočný, Matej. "Řízení bezpečnosti a kontrolní aktivity použité v firemním prostředí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-224222.
Full textBoyd, Roger F. "Modes of thought in secondary school art." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1999. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36645/1/36645_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.
Full textChen, Li-Chi, and 陳立祺. "On the Finding Approximate Palindromes Problem." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43573315341290951312.
Full text國立暨南國際大學
資訊工程學系
96
A string S is a palindrome if it is of the form of S1S2 or S1aS2 such that the reverse of S1 exactly matches with the S2. An approximate palindrome with error k is a string S1S2 or S1aS2 such that the edit distance between S2 and the reverse of S1 is smaller than or equal to k. In this thesis, we introduce some algorithms related to palindromes and discuss the approximate palindrome finding problem. We propose an algorithm to solve the all approximate palindrome finding problem defined as follows: Given a text string T and a k, find all occurrences of approximate palindromes with error k’ in T for 0<=k’<=k.
Kun, P. J., and 龔柏仁. "On the Repeating Group Finding Problem." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70691033824678546553.
Full text德明財經科技大學
資訊科技與管理研究所
101
In this thesis we investigate the repeating group detection problems. We define a special kind of repeating groups, namely maximal repeating group. Based upon this definition, we define a special string, called complete repeating group string. Using dynamic programming method, we can find all repeating groups of a string, determine whether a string is a complete repeating group string and find all maximal repeating groups. By applying our algorithms to some DNA data, we detected one repeating group, with length 16036 of a DNA sequence. This shows that our algorithms may be helpful to biologists.
Chen, Li-Chi. "On the Finding Approximate Palindromes Problem." 2008. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0020-2406200816341100.
Full textCheng, YingChen, and 鄭瑛珍. "Case Studies on two Physicists'' Problem Finding and Problem Solving Mechanisms." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71138591239058262935.
Full text國立臺灣師範大學
科學教育研究所
88
In this study the scientific activity is seen as problem solving activity. The purpose of this study mainly discusses two physicists'' problem finding and problem solving in the process of scientific activity. This study attempts to (1)discuss how a physicist formulates a topic of scientific experiment, (2) discuss what type of heuristics physicists use to solve problems, and (3) discover what factors may influence physicists to be devoted themselves to scientific work. To achieve these purposes, the participants are all members of the two laboratories. The main subjects are the leaders of the two laboratories. All staff members of the two laboratories also involved in this study. In order to collect data, semi-structured interview and field observation are conducted. The main findings are summarized as follow: 1.Before formulating a research topic, the physicists collect the correlative scientific literature, refer to previous experiments and their background knowledge to find a topic that can be further studied. 2.According to their background knowledge, they can predict the result of the experiment in the course of scientific work. 3.The following heuristics the scientists use may lead to scientific discovery: (1) to set the goal, (2) to be aware of inconsistent results, and (3) to cooperate with others people from different domain. The scientists indicate that many findings designated are not serendipitous. Rather, such findings are the results of careful experimentation and for a well-prepared mind. 4.When scientists face with problems, they use the following heuristics: (1) analogy, (2) to discuss with others and to take different approaches to deal with a problem, (3) to check periodically all the steps they take, (4) to create a model to explain all the systematic behaviors, and (5) to use a diagram to solve problem. 5.A working style of the leader may influence the members of the laboratory and the direction of scientific studies they are working on. 6.The scientists use metacognitive skills to plan, to monitor, and to evaluate the process of a scientific experiment. 7.The following factors influence the scientists'' the scientific work: (1) one''s knowledge background, (2) characteristic of personality, (3) motivation, (4) heuristic methods of problem finding and problem solving, (5) interaction of the members, and (6) metacognitive skills. All the factors discussed above also interact each other during a scientific process.
Fan, Chih Hsuan, and 范志軒. "From the Eight Queens Problem to the Problem of Finding All Cliques of a Graph." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99802382309081608215.
Full textHsu, Yi-Ta, and 徐易達. "Finding Approximate Solution for Traveling Salesman Problem by Refining Tour Segments." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37361556411099329048.
Full text國立清華大學
資訊系統與應用研究所
97
This thesis presents a heuristic algorithm for solving traveling salesman problem by utilizing dynamic programming and divide-and-conquer methods. In our algorithm, a complete, whole tour is divided into several sub-tours, and refined by dynamics programming respectively to get the better solution. In order to escape from local optimal, we modify the refinement algorithm to city group version that refine solution in city group unit. This algorithm does work under many instances with the size of thousand of cities, showed in chapter 4 experimental results).
Chang, Chen-Hao, and 張宸豪. "A Mechanism Combining CBR with Expert Finding for Problem Diagnosis Support." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71888791582550971129.
Full text國立交通大學
管理學院資訊管理學程
100
Nowadays advanced manufacturing and information technologies have impacted on every aspect of product development significantly. With the increasing of product complexity and globalization manufacturing, enterprise manufacturing information change more and more complex. Therefore, sharing manufacturing knowledge understanding such as personal experience and exception handling is one important issue to be solved. This paper introduces a research integrated text mining technique and top-k support documents expert search model based on Case-based reasoning (CBR) by using knowledge of the semantic structure of documents. CBR can use known experiences to solve new problems, we store the past problems as cases in a case base and a new case is classified by determining the most similar case from the case base. And the use of degree centrality of the expert candidate network can find the expert with the most influence through the experts score rank. Our approach of the CBR based expert recommends combined the reliability and influence between the experts can help users to get the expert support and resolve the potential problems of CBR such as lack of feedback and lack of a sufficiently rich case library. With these methodologies, we establish the Problem Support and Expert Recommend System (PSERS), which applied in the case base of fault diagnosis expert system of manufacturing information. From the experimental results, these techniques are shown to be very effective in the modeling and extraction of the domain knowledge in the case base.
Shao, Hui-Ching, and 邵惠靖. "The Relationships Between Divergent Thinking, Mathematical Problem Finding, and Mathematical Achievement." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59563710000148051709.
Full text國立政治大學
教育學系
89
First, this study probed into the contents of divergent thinking, mathematical problem finding, and mathematical achievement by literature review. Then the researcher made hypotheses of the relationships between divergent thinking, mathematical problem finding, and mathematical achievement based on the contents of them and the views of learning and problem solving, and designed survey research to examine these hypotheses. The subjects were 318 9th grade students from five junior high schools in Taipei county and Taipei city. The data- collection instruments included:(a) New Creativity Test; (b) Mathematical Problem Finding Test; (c) Basic Educational Indicator Tests of Mathematics. After utilizing frequency, cluster analysis, correlation analysis, ANOVA, and stepwise regression, the main results of this investigation are:(a) Students can find problems of all kinds of intellectual products and mathematics. Among them, problems of relations and problems to find were found most and problems of units and classes and problems to prove were found least ; (b) There are individual differences between mathematical problem finding styles; (c) The correlations between divergent thinking and mathematical problem finding are significantly positive; (d) Most of the correlations between divergent thinking and mathematical achievement are significantly positive; (e) The correlations between mathematical problem finding and mathematical achievement are significantly positive; (f) Students who can finds many high-level problems have higher mathematical achievement than those who can not; (g) Fluency of divergent thinking, mathematical achievement, and flexibility of divergent thinking can be used to predict the number of problems of mathematical problem finding effectively; (h) Fluency of divergent thinking, mathematical achievement, and flexibility of divergent thinking can be used to predict the rarity of problems of mathematical problem finding effectively; (i) Mathematical achievement and fluency of divergent thinking can be used to predict the quality of problems of mathematical problem finding effectively; (j) The quality of problems and the number of problems can be used to predict mathematical achievement effectively. Finally, the researcher brings up some suggestions on mathematical education and the future research. 第一章 緒論 第一節 問題背景與研究動機---------------------------------1 第二節 研究目的與待答問題---------------------------------4 第三節 名詞釋義-------------------------------------------4 第二章 文獻探討 第一節 「問題」的意義--------------------------------------7 壹.「問題」界說…………………………………………………….7 一、何謂「問題」…………………………………………………….7 二、 「問題」的成分…………………………………………………9 三、問題參數………………………………………………………….9 貳.「問題」的出現…………………………………………………10 參.「問題」的過程…………………………………………………12 肆.「問題」對解題者的作用………………………………………14 第二節 「問題」的分類-------------------------------------16 壹.依照「問題」本身分類…………………………………………16 貳.依照問題發現程度分類…………………………………………19 一、顯明性問題、隱含性問題、潛在性問題………………………19 二、矛盾式問題發現、潛在式問題發現……………………………22 三、Getzels的八大類問題………………………………………….22 四、Getzels的三大類問題………………………………………….24 第三節 「數學問題」的分類與品質---------------------------26 壹.數學問題…………………………………………………………26 貳.數學問題的分類…………………………………………………26 一、明顯可解的問題、選擇應用的問題、選擇組合的問題、 接近研究等級的問題……………………………………………26 二、例行性問題、非例行性問題……………………………………27 三、發現性問題、驗證性問題………………………………………27 參.數學問題的品質…………………………………………………28 第四節 問題發現------------------------------------------30 壹.問題發現的研究簡史……………………………………………30 貳.問題發現的界說…………………………………………………31 一、問題發現…………………………………………………………32 二、數學問題發現……………………………………………………34 三、問題發現與問題解決的區別……………………………………34 四、問題發現電腦程式………………………………………………36 五、問題發現與擬題…………………………………………………36 六、問題識別…………………………………………………………38 七、問題定義…………………………………………………………38 八、問題形成…………………………………………………………38 九、問題敏覺力………………………………………………………39 十、問題表達…………………………………………………………39 十一、問題發現類型…………………………………………………39 十二、數學臆測………………………………………………………40 參.問題發現的相關心智歷程與模式………………………………40 一、問題發現的成分模式……………………………………………40 二、問題發現的認知歷程模式………………………………………41 三、問題形成的心智歷程……………………………………………43 四、問題發現/問題解決的假設成分………………………………46 五、問題發現的發生認識論詮釋……………………………………47 肆.問題發現能力的測量……………………………………………48 一、實地觀察與訪問…………………………………………………49 二、紙筆測驗…………………………………………………………50 三、口語分析…………………………………………………………53 第五節 擴散性思考----------------------------------------55 壹.擴散性思考的本質………………………………………………55 一、擴散性思考的意義………………………………………………55 二、擴散性思考與回憶………………………………………………56 貳.擴散性思考的特性………………………………………………57 參.擴散性思考測驗…………………………………………………60 一、擴散性思考測驗不等同於創造力測驗…………………………60 二、擴散性思考測驗…………………………………………………62 三、擴散性思考測驗的信度與效度問題……………………………65 第六節 擴散思考、數學問題發現與學業成就的關係------------68 壹.數學學業成就……………………………………………………68 貳.擴散性思考與數學問題發現的關係……………………………69 參.擴散性思考與數學學業成就的關係……………………………70 肆.數學學習問題發現與數學學業成就的關係……………………73 伍.研究假設…………………………………………………………75 第三章 研究方法 第一節 研究架構------------------------------------------77 第二節 研究對象------------------------------------------78 第三節 研究工具-------------------------------------------79 第四節 研究程序-------------------------------------------90 第五節 資料分析-------------------------------------------92 第四章 研究結果 第一節 基本資料------------------------------------------93 第二節 學生所發現的數學問題------------------------------96 第三節 擴散性思考與數學問題發現的關係-------------------103 第四節 擴散性思考與數學學業成就的關係-------------------104 第五節 數學問題發現與數學學業成就的關係-----------------105 第六節 擴散性思考、數學問題發現與數學學業成就的關係-----107 第五章 討論、結論與建議 第一節 討論---------------------------------------------114 壹.學生所發現的數學問題……………………………………….114 貳.擴散性思考、數學問題發現與學業成就的關係…………….115 參.研究方法……………………………………………………….127 第二節 結論---------------------------------------------131 第三節 建議---------------------------------------------135 壹.對數學教育的建議…………………………………………….135 貳.對未來研究的建議…………………………………………….137 參考文獻 壹.中文部分……………………………………………………….140 貳.英文部分……………………………………………………….141 附錄 附錄一 數學問題發現測驗正式版本………………………………….146 附錄二 數學問題發現測驗預試版的測驗說明……………………….154 附錄三 國中數學概念………………………………………………….156 附錄四 情境一的數學問題…………………………………………….159 附錄五 情境二的數學問題…………………………………………….165 附錄六 情境三的數學問題…………………………………………….171 附錄七 擴散性思考、數學問題發現與數學學業成就 兩兩變項間的二維座標分布圖……………………………….181 圖 表 目 錄 圖 目 錄 圖2-2-1 「問題發現的環境與心理因素」……………………………22 圖2-4-1 「標準的問題解決模式」……………………………………36 圖2-4-2 「顛倒的標準問題解決模式」………………………………37 圖2-4-3 「非標準(non-standard)『問題』模式的摘要圖」………37 圖2-4-4 「滋生問題的系統與發現問題的心智歷程」………………41 圖2-4-5 「問題發現的認知過程流程圖」……………………………44 圖2-4-6 「問題形成的過程」…………………………………………45 圖2-4-7 「問題發現/問題解決的假設成分」……………………….47 圖2-5-1 「火柴棒問題舉例」…………………………………………58 圖2-5-2 「思考技巧的情境理論」……………………………………61 圖2-6-1 「CRESST問題解決模式」………………………………….72 圖3-1-1 「研究架構」…………………………………………………77 表 目 錄 表2-2-1 「思考產物種類Ⅰ」…………………………………………17 表2-2-2 「思考產物種類Ⅱ」…………………………………………18 表2-2-3 「問題情境與心智活動的對應關係」………………………21 表2-2-4 「Getzels(1964)的問題分類」…………………………….23 表2-2-5 「Getzels & Csikszentmihalyi之問題分類法」…………24 表2-3-1 「各種問題分類法」…………………………………………28 表2-4-1 「主要的『問題發現』研究」………………………………31 表2-4-2 「人類的問題解決與問題發現」……………………………35 表2-5-1 「拓弄思語文和圖形創造思考測驗活動名稱」……………62 表2-5-2 「TTCT各中文修訂版的修訂者和年代」……………………63 表2-5-3 「瓦拉克和科根測驗」………………………………………64 表2-6-1 「Hoover & Feldhusen(1990)研究的TTCT與產出 假設間的相關係數矩陣」………………………………….70 表2-6-2 「擴散性思考、數學問題發現與學業成就的關係…………75 表3-2-1 「研究對象基本資料」………………………………………78 表3-3-1 「新編創造思考測驗信度」…………………………………80 表3-3-2 「新編創造思考測驗效度」…………………………………81 表3-3-3 「新編創造思考測驗的內部凝聚性」………………………81 表3-3-4 「預試對象基本資料」………………………………………83 表3-3-5 「思考產物分類系統的解說」………………………………86 表3-3-6 「數學問題分類系統的解說」………………………………86 表3-3-7 「數學問題發現內部凝聚性」………………………………89 表3-4-1 「研究進度甘特圖表」………………………………………91 表4-1-1 「主要變項之平均數與標準差」……………………………94 表4-1-2 「數學問題發現測驗各情境之問題數、問題獨特性 與問題品質」……………………………………………….94 表4-1-3 「數學問題發現測驗各變項次數分配表」…………………95 表4-1-4 「數學基本學力測驗次數分配表」…………………………95 表4-2-1 「情境一被發現最多次的前十名數學問題」………………97 表4-2-2 「情境二被發現最多次的前十名數學問題」………………98 表4-2-3 「情境三被發現最多次的前十名數學問題」………………99 表4-2-4 「各種類問題被發現次數1」………………………………100 表4-2-5 「各種類問題被發現次數2」………………………………100 表4-2-6 「各種集群分析數學問題發現型態之ANOVA的F值」…….101 表4-2-7 「各種數學問題發現型態下所發現的各類問題平均數」.101 表4-3-1 「擴散性思考與數學問題發現的零階相關」…………….103 表4-4-1 「擴散性思考與數學學業成就的零階相關」…………….104 表4-5-1 「數學問題發現與數學學業成就的零階相關」………….105 表4-5-2 「不同數學問題發現型態對於數學學業成就之變異數 分析摘要表」………………………………………………106 表4-5-3 「不同數學問題發現型態之數學學業成就主要效果 事後比較」…………………………………………………106 表4-6-1 「以問題數為效標變項之複相關分析模式」…………….107 表4-6-2 「以問題數為效標變項的複相關分析摘要表」………….108 表4-6-3 「以問題數為效標變項,各預測變項之迴歸係數表」….108 表4-6-4 「以問題獨特性為效標變項之複相關分析模式」……….109 表4-6-5 「以問題獨特性為效標變項的複相關分析摘要表」…….109 表4-6-6 「以問題數為效標變項,各預測變項之迴歸係數表」….110 表4-6-7 「以問題品質為效標變項之複相關分析模式」………….111 表4-6-8 「以問題品質為效標變項的複相關分析摘要表」……….111 表4-6-9 「以問題品質為效標變項,各預測變項之迴歸係數表」.111 表4-6-10 「以數學學業成就為效標變項之複相關分析模式」…….112 表4-6-11 「以數學學業成就為效標變項的複相關分析摘要表」….112 表4-6-12 「以數學學業成就為效標變項,各預測變項之迴歸 係數表」……………………………………………………113 表5-1-1 「擴散性思考、數學問題發現與學業成就的實證關係」.128
LIN, CUNG-XU, and 林聰武. "A study on neighbor finding problem in linear hierarchical data structures." Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64175569205270797419.
Full textPino, Rute Filipa do Carmo. "Finding Hidden Patterns on Cardiovascular Toxicology Problem: The case of Doxorubicin." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/87822.
Full textMedical breakthroughs nowadays depend almost entirely on scientific research which relies in elaborating numerous hypotheses and running them through continuous and exhausting processes and experiments. These processes usually generate large amounts of data which are normally processed and treated with standard statistical methods that do not live up to the demands imposed by the technological advances that demark our era. Doxorubicin (DOX) is an antitumor anthracycline antibiotic used for treating several types of cancer, such as breast cancer, Hodgkin’s disease and leukemia. Although mitochondrial disruption is an early and sensitive marker of DOX cardiotoxicity, how metabolic stress contributes to the development of cardiomyopathy still needs to be clarified. To address this problem, an experimental dataset was built at the MitoXT laboratory using a model of metabolic inhibition of perfused hearts from Saline (SAL) and DOX-treated Wistar rats to identify metabolic alterations caused by an acute DOX treatment. The hearts were removed and perfused with three diferent energy substrates such as glucose, Galactose plus Glutamine (GG) and Octanoate plus Malate (OM). Separately, glycolytic (Iodoacetate (IODO)) and oxidative phosphorylation (Rotenone (ROT) or Potassium Cyanide (KCN)) inhibitors were added to the distinctive metabolic perfusion buffers, aiming at detecting mitochondrial defects in the DOX-treated group. In this work we applied techniques and computational tools to organise and mine the generated data in order to ex- pose hidden patterns. Our conclusions suggest the exclusion of the protocol concerning the hearts perfusion with OM, confirming the original analysis. Additionally, we suggest that to spare time, means and animals, future experiments could only execute the glucose perfusion protocol. We also suggested that ANT and LDH transcripts expression, absolute weight diference, and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC-1alpha) ratio are the most relevant features to be considered for this problem. Finally, we established a classifier capable of an automatic distinction between DOX- and SAL- treated groups. Thus, we not only contributed to a better understanding of how metabolic stress contributes to the development of cardiomyopathy, by selecting which parameters show greater disparity between treatments, but we also confirmed that a detailed data analysis driven by Machine Learning allows a better exploration of these biological datasets enabling new discoveries and breakthroughs in this field.
Hoje em dia, progressos na área da medicina são quase sempre influenciados pela investigação científica, a qual se apoia na elaboração de hipóteses e processos experimentais para as validarem. Geralmente, estes processos geram grandes quantidades de dados, os quais são, posteriormente, processados e tratados com o auxílio de métodos estatísticos tradicionais, ficando, muitas vezes, aquém das expectativas impostas pelos avanços tecnológicos que marcam a nossa era. A Doxorubicina (DOX) é um fármaco antitumoral utilizado no tratamento de diversos tipos de cancro, como cancro da mama, doença de Hodgkin's e leucemia. E embora a disrupção mitocondrial seja um indicador sensível e precoce da cardiotoxicidade provoca pela DOX, subsiste ainda sobre debate a razão pela qual o stress metabólico contribui para o desenvolvimento de cardiomiopatia. Assim foi elaborado, no laboratório Mito-XT, um modelo de inibição metabólica em corações perfurados de ratos Wistar, tratados com solução salina ou com DOX, de modo a evidenciar as alteraçõesmetabólicas causadas por este fármaco. Os corações foram removidos e perfurados com três substratos cardíacos diferentes: glucose, galactose e glutamina, e octanoato e malato. Separadamente, foram adicionados, aos distintos tampões metabólicos da perfusão, os inibidores glicolíticos (iodoacetato), e de fosforilação oxidativa (rotenona e cianeto) com o objetivo de detectar defeitos metabólicos ocultos nos grupos tratados com o fármaco. Assim, neste estudo aplicaram-se diversas técnicas e ferramentas computacionais, incluindo algoritmos de aprendizagem automática, com o objetivo de expor padrões desconhecidos nos dados recolhidos, analisando e estruturando o dataset, de forma a estabelecer, também, um classificador capaz de distinguir automaticamente os grupos tratados com e sem DOX.As conclusões deste trabalho, verificaram a análise original dos dados, confirmando a exclusão do protocolo de perfusão correspondente ao substrato octanoato e malato, devido a não manifestar quaisquer conclusões relevantes. Adicionalmente, sugerimos que para poupar tempo, fundos e animais se deveria, apenas, implementar o protocolo relativo à perfusão com glucose. Verificámos, também, que os parâmetros mais importantes para o problema em questão são: a informação genética relativa aos transcriptos ANT e LDH, a informação proteica e a diferença dos pesos das amostras.Deste modo, este trabalho não só revelou informação importante referente à contribuição do stress metabólico para o desenvolvimento cardiomiopatia, visto que foram selecionadas as features que melhor identificam as amostras tratadas com e sem o fármaco, como também confirmou que uma análise detalhada, utilizando abordagens provenientes de ML, permitem uma melhor exploração de datasets biológicos, revelando novas informações que podem levar aos progressos inicialmente mencionados.
chen, Chia-Fu, and 陳家富. "The Role of Problem-finding in Architectural Design Creativity: A Cognitive Study." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77502438148165513560.
Full text國立交通大學
應用藝術研究所
86
Creativity has been a common issue in many research fields. However, thediscussion about creativity in the design thinking field are still in the preliminarystage. There are few empirical studies talked about creativity in aspect of problem- finding. Csikszentmihalyi and Getzels(1976) have studied creativity inthe field of art with cognitive approach. They found that the time spend on the concern for problem-finding before beginning to draw are significantly related to creativity. This research attempt to study the following subject matters: during the process of architecture design, do the rate of problem-finding and problem-solving play an important and influential role to creativity. Moreover, this research tries to find some related phenomena and tries to identify a preliminary model about architectural design creativity and problem-finding. The method for this empirical research is protocol analysis. The work of the first experiment is to choose two subjects from eighteen students. One subject is a good designer with great creative ability; the other one is a good designer with weak creative ability. The work of the second experiment is protocol analysis experiment. The subject is required to think aloud in the design process. Protocol data is collected and encoded. Then the analysis is proceed by the transcript. The result of the empirical research reveals that problem-finding play an important and influential role to creativity. Moreover, the result also reveals that design process can be divided into two stage: problem-finding stage and problem-solving stage. Only the problem-finding stage plays an important role to creativity. Finally, we discover that there are two different kinds of problem-finding in the design process. Only one of them can influence creativity.
Hsu, Yu-Chang, and 許育彰. "Research of Problem Finding Ability from Mechanics Situation of High School Students." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17689805129240000497.
Full text國立臺灣師範大學
科學教育研究所
87
Research of Problem Finding Ability from Mechanics Situation of High School Students Yu-Chang Hsu Abstract This dissertation mainly discusses the problem finding ability from mechanics situation of the high school students in Taiwan. The research samples are chosen from two public high schools in Taipei, including 7 classes, 292 students. The research is done by self-made “Contradictory Problematic Situation” and “Potential Problematic Situation” as themes for problem finding along with other testing tools, including Mechanics Essential Knowledge Test, Group Assessment of Logical Thinking(GALT), Test of Divergent Thinking, Test of Metacognition, Test of Divergent Feeling, and so on. From the gathered data by above mentioned tools, this research first categorizes the content, times and types of how the subject finding the problems. Then evaluates the performance of the problem finding ability of students by different criteria. By using Descriptive Statistics, Multiple Regression Analysis and Quality Analysis, We may figure out and understand the level of high school students’ problem finding ability. The result of research shows that in addition to basic physical knowledge, among all tools’ subscales, only the logical reasoning ability is related to problem finding ability. The above mentioned is only linear related to convergent problem finding ability. Thus, the knowledge of the subject is important to the problem finding ability. Moreover, one of the sample classes, though in poor knowledge, the divergent problem finding ability is better than the convergent problem finding ability. In my assumption, the class is good at finding divergent problems, Yet is probably unable to do problem solving. As for the result of Multiple Regression Analysis, we find that the knowledge of the subject is very important in predicting students’ problem finding ability. In conclusion, this research discovers that the problem finding ability of current high school students takes a great effort to be improved. Yet, as for how to provide adequate teaching materials and condition to cultivate high school students’ problem finding ability, it is still a big issue for educators to have further discussion and study.
hui, Chen ching, and 陳慶暉. "A Research of the Related Dimensions of Industrial Designer’s Problem-finding Ability." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79049914362703508059.
Full text實踐大學
產品與建築設計研究所碩士在職專班
94
Product Design emphasizes creative activities, and industrial designers can design products to touch people’s hearts that depends on the main design creativity whether the designers can find realistic problems in life and effetely apply their professional knowledge to propose solutions. Nevertheless, when a valuable problem has been found that can be attracted a serial of design solving idea and directly affected product creative inspiration. The objective of this research is to explore designers how to discover problems, which guide design creative development in the beginning of product development. Hence, the research intends to base on this idea through actual interviews with industrial designers to explore problem issues whether are the same or distinct and classify the issues so that can be effetely promoted the quality of design creation as referral methods during the process of design. The essential of summary is as the followings: 1.The research has classified that there are four stages such as phenomenon, discovery, transformation, and expression for industrial designers from finding problems to product creation. 2.There are six influence factors of industrial designer of finding problem and image design creation such as personality character, design idea, ability of finding problem, approach of problem finding, the boundary of problem, and design creative expression. 3.The major personality characters of industrial designer of finding problem are “Curiosity”. Nevertheless, “Highly attitude of interest in design” of personality character is motivity of industrial designer of continuously finding problem. 4.First all, industrial designer of finding problem ability is cultivation of observation ability; A custom of the result of observation recording can provide the designers an inspiration source of design creation. 5.For approach of industrial designer of finding design problem, there are six major methods such as situational finding problem, finding problem in interview, image idea method, the current information, finding problem by user’s point of view, database of the result of observation establishment etc. The most common methods for interviewer of the designers are “Situational finding problem” and “Finding problem in interview”. 6.Ability of excellent problem boundary promotes design problem of situational transformation to quality of design creation.
Li, Sheng-Ji, and 李昇輯. "A Visualization System of Pattern Finding in FANET Power Consumption Optimization Problem." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95h59s.
Full text國立臺灣大學
電機工程學研究所
105
In the study of seniors, we put forward a scenario of how to use FANET. This scenario contains a UAV as a node for FANET and some missions. The study of the seniors suggests how to allocate the mission of the algorithm, one is a simple greedy method, and one is by comparing the surrounding device information to reduce the power consumption. We want to further extend this result, observe the results of the algorithm and find existence of the model between mission and device. By collecting a lot of experimental information, and then by visualization of technology to observe the information we want to observe. When the amount of data in the experimental results is too large to be useful for direct observation, we must use some tools. Visualization technique is one of the technologies that can handle large amounts of data efficiently. In order to understand the problem and put forward the system requirements and data model, we design four kinds of views, from the perspective of time, space and energy to analyze the problem, and finally summed up the different circumstances of the device flight mode.
Chen, Ping-shuan, and 甄炳炫. "Creating an Inclusive-education Model Focus on School-based Viewpoint from Problem-finding, Problem-solving to Model-creating." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39804347224350646666.
Full text國立屏東師範學院
特殊教育學系碩士班
92
The main purpose of this action research is to create a model focus on school-based viewpoint to improve inclusive-education in an urban elementary school in Kaohsiung city. During the time, researcher was both practical participant and observer. Data collecting mainly stems from observing, interview, questionnaire, articles and documentations. The major findings of this research divided into three parts and summarized as follows: Part A: Problems about inclusive education Following analyzing the data from the interviews, questionnaires, and observation, the author concludes the main problems to integrated education are listed blow. 1.A lack of supporting mechanism from school administration 2.The heavy teaching and administration loads distract teachers from being willing to make adjustment to the demands from students. 3.A lack of professional consulting channels for teachers. 4.Insufficient supports from pupils’ parents. 5.A need to boost people’s understanding and acceptance to children in special needs. Part B: Factors to work in inclusive education The major factors to work in inclusive education are classified into internal and external constraints. ※Internal constraints comprises the followings: 1.The pressure in line with course progress, which highly limits the development of activities. 2.Administration and regulatory policies, which fail to meet teachers’ demands. 3.School cultures, in part which works as an obstacle to sparking changes. ※External constraints includes three parts below: 1. Attitudes towards the degree of acceptance. 2. The differences of people’s personalities. 3. Use of professional knowledge about special education. Part C: Results of this action research The action research has been valued when it comes to problem-solving and professional knowledge generating. The research contributes to provoking the awareness of special needs education, sparking the interaction and experience sharing amid teachers, creating a link between special needs and students counseling education, and triggering more improvement on it. The suggestions from the research are useful for elementary school teachers, special needs teachers, school administrators, and those interested in integrated education, apart from being a good reference for future studies.
林育秀. "A Study Of Critical Thinking, Cognitive Strategies, and Problem Finding of 8th Graders." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56333930849269962265.
Full text國立高雄師範大學
科學教育研究所
92
Due to the rapid development and popularity of information technology,the challenge and impact of knowledge economy,creativity has become the key factor to judge whether a country is competitive or not.Problem-finding abilities play a crucial role in creativity.As a result,the research takes critical thinking and cognitive strategies,which are dispensable to problem-finding performance for individuals,as variables and also discusses the comparative proportion relationships of how 8th Graders’ subcapacities of critical thinking and cognitive strategies influence their problem-finding performance.The research may provide the educators in related fields with references to improve pupils’ problem-finding abilities and meanwile,to develop students’ potentials in creativity effiectively. The research tools include: “ctrical thinking test-Ⅰ”(CTT-1),”the inventory of cognitive strategies” (ICS), and “plant open-endedness test”edited by the researcher.The study sampled a total of 291 8th Graders in Kaohsiung City . Having applied the obtained data to decripitive statistics, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, and stepwise multiple stepwise regression analysis statistics methods to analysis, research results are as followed: 1.The 8 th graders with different level of critical thinking perform differently on “empirical-convergent” problem-finding , “conceptual- convergent” problem-finding , and “empirical-divergent” problem-finding. 2.The 8 th graders with different level of cognitive strategies perform differently on “empirical- divergent” problem-finding. 3.The 8 th graders’ critical thinking performance has a positive correlation with their “empirical-convergent” problem-finding performance , “conceptual- convergent” problem-finding performance ,and “empirical-divergent” problem-finding performance . 4.The 8 th graders’ performance in cognitive strategy has a positive correlation with their “conceptual- convergent” problem-finding performance ,and “empirical-divergent” problem-finding performance. 5.Among all the 8 th graders’ subcapacities of critical thinking and cognitive strategies, deductions has highest degree of connection with the problem- finding performance. 6.The comparative proportions relationships of how 8 th graders’subcapacities of critical thinking influence their problem-finding performance are as followed.(in degree sequence) (1)In “empirical-convergent” problem-finding performance,deductions,and then recognition of assumptions. (2)In “conceptual -convergent” problem-finding performance, Interpretations, inductions,and then deductions. (3) In “empirical-divergent” problem-finding performance, deductions,and then inductions. 7. Among all the comparative proportion relationships of how 8 th graders''subcapacities of critical thinking influence their problem-finding performance,monitoring cognitive strategies have the highest degree of effect.
Tseng, Shiao-Ling, and 曾小玲. "The Influence of Learning Styles and Problem-solving Strategies on Rule Finding In Games." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99252024890715808335.
Full text國立交通大學
理學院科技與數位學習學程
98
The main purpose of this research is to explore the influence of learning styles and problem-solving strategies on players’ finding game rules during gameplay. Finding the rules is an important ability to do things on a daily basis. Mastering the game rules of a new stage in life decides whether an individual can successfully take a part in the new environment, understand and solve problems quickly. Of course, finding rules and making use of them are the keys to enjoy high quality of interaction and progress in the game. However, it is up to the players to find the game rules through playing, problem-solving and overcoming the challenges presented in the game. Games are designed to help players to pass the challenges and have fun. In fact, a game is formed to make players understand the rules and able to apply the rules, thus rule-finding and problem-solving are intertwined. Would the strategies adopted by the players affect their rule finding because of varied characteristics of individuals? Whether a unique learning method or a special way of solving the learning problem for individuals affects their rule findings in the game? These are the subjects of this study. Experiments and analyses are employed in this study. Telescope is our game for research. Four learning styles of Kolb’s experiential learning theory---Diverger, Accommodator, Converger, Assimilator, were used as independent variables. Based on the analysis of our pilot-study data, problem-solving strategies are divided into three types---means-end analysis, working backwards, and trial-and-error. In our formal experiment we had 120 ninth-graders as subjects. All observations and analyses were based on their answers to questionnaire and data recorded in their gameplay. Based on our analyses of the data, assimilators found the largest number of rules. There was no obvious correlation between different types of problem-solving strategies and rule finding. Trial-and-error was used as the main strategy for the players to play the game whether they have similar gaming experience or not. In summary, if the players were aware of finding the rules during the gameplay, it is helpful for the process of gaming.
Myburgh, Ferdinand Jan Hendrik. "A critical analysis of TRIZ as a creative problem solving and opportunity finding technique." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7227.
Full textThe objectives of the study are: To define "creativity", to understand how people think when they solve problems, and to identify the major barriers to creative problem solving and opportunity finding and to investigate whether these barriers can be overcome. To investigate the essence of TRIZ, its history of development, how it works, its nderlying inventive principles, its psychology and whether it is an effective problem solving technique in the sense that it is a cure for barriers to creative thinking. To investigate whether TRIZ can be applied in a non-technical context as a creative problem solving technique, whether it can be applied in conjunction with other creative problem solving techniques and whether it is effective in relation to other creative problem solving techniques.
Yeh, Chih-chou, and 葉秩州. "Finding Semi-Active Schedules for Job Shop Scheduling Problem with Minimum and Maximum Time Lags." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69318980755857467935.
Full text國立中央大學
工業管理研究所
102
We consider the job shop scheduling problem with minimum and maximum time lags while minimizing the makespan. This problem typically arises in a manufacturing environment where the next operation has to be carried out within a specific time range after the completion of the immediately preceding operation. This type of temporal constraints occurs in practical applications such food production, chemical production and steel production. We describe a branch and bound algorithm, based on the input and output of given clique, a concept first proposed by Carlier and Pinson (1989), and the relevant propositions adopted from Sheen and Liao (2007), for finding the optimal waiting times. For enumerating the solutions efficiently, we incorporate the branching scheme form Giffler and Thompson (1960) and Carlier and Pinson (1989) to generate semi-active schedules for the job shop scheduling problem with minimum and maximum time lags. In the computational experiments, we generate scenarios to showing we can either find an optimal schedule or establish the infeasibility in different waiting time ranges.
Liu, Su-Ying, and 劉素瑛. "Research on How to Develop the Student'' Interested of Finding the Mathematical Problem." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8p238f.
Full text中原大學
應用數學研究所
107
According to the Global Views Monthly say "Teaching Reform 20 Years of Education in 2015", the survey showed that 36.2% of teachers believe that the current situation of education is much worse than that of 20 years ago, among which mathematics and natural science teachers are the most responsive. Nearly 90% of the teachers said that solving the problem is the necessary ability of the students in the future. How to find the problem before solving the problem and solve the problem further tests the students'' thinking ability. For example, students who are interested in mathematics or want to participate in a multidisciplinary exhibition, how to cultivate students to explore problems and think ability is one of the important topics. To explore problems and improve thinking ability, training and guidance are needed. This study hopes that students can understand the theorem or the subtleties in the examples by reversing the problem, so as to cultivate students'' thinking and understanding of the problem. In this paper, we discuss the problems of the ruler problem, the angle of the ruler, the parallel section, the discussion of the Montessori theorem, the Steiner theorem, the Ptolemy property and the circular quadrilateral. The conditions established in the definition, in order to enhance students'' ability to think about mathematical exploration problems. It is believed that through the method of inverse narrative, students can develop their thinking ability and enhance their logical thinking ability, so that students can feel the use of their knowledge while discovering problems and solving problems, and finally improve their comprehensive ability of mathematics, and then change from passive learning to passive learning. Active learning.
"IMPLEMENTING THE DIJSKTRAS ALGORITHM WITH PRIORITY QUEUE TO THE PATH FINDING PROBLEM IN RASTER GIS." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12604949/index.pdf.
Full textchiang, ya-chun, and 蔣雅君. "Problem finding in the process of creative design thinking:work of Frank Lloyd Wright as an example." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51277044885174440856.
Full text國立交通大學
應用藝術研究所
85
In the field of creative design thinking, many scholars have proposed explanations for the processes of problem-finding and problem-solving. Among them, there are more discussions on the process of problem-solving and its theoretical models. On the contrary, only Csikszentmihalyi and Getzels have proposed general theoretical models for the process of problem-finding. Because of the lack and urgency of the above understanding, this research is to propose an integrated framework of studying creativity base on
林沂昇. "Case Study of the Thinking Model of “Scientific Problem Finding” for Graduate Students and Elementary School Students." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45309825892708222379.
Full text國立屏東師範學院
數理教育研究所
91
The purpose of this study was to investigate the thinking model of scientific problem finding(TMSPF) from documents, and to interpret the TMSPF of graduate students and elementary school students. The surveys in this study included two parts: the Scientific Problem Finding Test(SPFT)and the Interview Questionnaire. The subjects included 62 elementary school students and 20 graduate students. Based on their responses in SPFT, 6 sixth graders and 2 graduate students were selected for in-depth interviews. The major findings were: 1. The elementary school student’s numbers of the problem finding are significant better than graduate student’s numbers of the problem finding. For number of the ‘good scientific problem’, graduate students are significant better than elementary school students. Moreover, the performance of the scientific problem finding(SPF)had no significant difference in sex. 2. In the process of SPF, graduate students were used more kinds of thinking ways, and they were good at the thinking types of ‘analytical thinking→inductive thinking’, ‘analytical thinking→deductive thinking’, and ‘analytical thinking→deductive thinking→analogical thinking’. Besides, graduate students were used ‘evaluative thinking’ in the process of SPF. 3. In the process of SPF, elementary school students were used less kinds of thinking ways, and they were good at the thinking types of ‘analyze→analogy’, ‘analyze→deduction’, ‘analyze→deduction→analogy’, and ‘analyze→analogy→deduction’. Besides, a small number of the elementary school students were used ‘evaluation thinking’ in the process of SPF. 4. To compare with the TMSPF for graduate students and elementary school students, they were usually to use ‘analyze thinking’, ‘deduction thinking’, and ‘analogy thinking’.