Academic literature on the topic 'Problem definition model'
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Journal articles on the topic "Problem definition model"
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Mirosław, Tomasz, and Marcin Mirosław. "Problem of slip definition in driving systems." MATEC Web of Conferences 338 (2021): 01019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133801019.
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The pneumatic tire slip phenomena in vehicle driving system have been investigated for 100 years. Many models describe the tire –road force generation base on it, but in literature we can find various definition of slip. In this paper authors present the most known model of force generation and slip definitions and discuss consequences of choice of them. The model of force generation which is the combination of tire to road friction models and force carrying by deformable running elements which are getting and losing contact with road seems to be very simple and intuitive for process explanation. The implementation of the tire deformation model is the base for many models but is not easy to implement it into dynamic computer modelling of process. So for many years the most common models base on slip function. In paper the concept model is based on deformation introduced and its carry out balance is presented. This model has been adapted to other friction gears like belt gear or friction wheels modelling. The deformation model appears to be quite universal and developable to the energy efficiency analyses or acoustic wave generation.
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Golden, Richard M. "Model-based learning problem taxonomies." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20, no. 1 (March 1997): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x97300028.
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A fundamental problem with the Clark & Thornton definition of a type-1 problem (requirement 2) is identified. An alternative classical statistical formulation is proposed where a type-1 (learnable) problem corresponds to the case where the learning machine is capable of representing its statistical environment.
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Berg, Cynthia A., Sean P. Meegan, and Paul Klaczynski. "Age and Experiential Differences in Strategy Generation and Information Requests for Solving Everyday Problems." International Journal of Behavioral Development 23, no. 3 (September 1999): 615–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/016502599383720.
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The role of experience in understanding age differences in strategy generation and information requests for solving everyday problems was explored in young and older adults. Participants received three hypothetical problems dealing with going to doctor’s offices and going to dinner parties and were probed extensively for their strategies and information they would like to solve the problems. Experience with these two domains was assessed by participants’ reports of their experience, script knowledge, and the presence of experience in problem definitions. No age differences were found in these experience measures. Age differences were found in the number of strategies generated and the amount of information requested to solve the problem. Two patterns of everyday problem solving were uncovered: an exhaustive style (involving inferential problem definition, elaborate strategy generation, and information requests); and an experiential style (involving experiential problem definition, less strategy generation, and fewer information requests). The results are interpreted within a model that uses individuals’ problem definitions to understand multiple aspects of everyday problem-solving performance.
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Oh, Cheol H. "Explaining the Impact of Information on Problem Definition: An Integrated Model." Review of Policy Research 15, no. 4 (December 1998): 109–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-1338.1998.tb01096.x.
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Yuan, Li Chi. "Vari-Gram Language Model Based on Category." Applied Mechanics and Materials 58-60 (June 2011): 995–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.58-60.995.
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Category-based statistic language model is an important method to solve the problem of sparse data. But there are two bottlenecks about this model: (1) the problem of word clustering, it is hard to find a suitable clustering method that has good performance and not large amount of computation. (2) class based method always lose some prediction ability to adapt the text of different domain. The authors try to solve above problems in this paper. This paper presents a novel definition of word similarity. Based on word similarity, this paper gives the definition of word set similarity. Experiments show that word clustering algorithm based on similarity is better than conventional greedy clustering method in speed and performance. At the same time, this paper presents a new method to create the vari-gram model.
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Mason, Derek T., Mark W. Lusk, and Michael Gintzler. "Beyond Ideology in Drug Policy: The Primary Prevention Model." Journal of Drug Issues 22, no. 4 (October 1992): 959–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269202200411.
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Drug policy in the United States is heavily influenced by popular and expert ideologies and a social definition of the problem. As a result, public substance abuse policies reflect an incoherent compromise between medical and criminal definitions and approaches to intervention. The effect is that in both conceptions, the problem locus is in the individual user. Thus, contemporary prevention, treatment and rehabilitation strategies fail to account for the myriad socioeconomic correlates of abuse and tend to atomize the problem by reducing it to the lowest common denominator — the drug-abusing person. Primary prevention approaches to drug abuse hold the greatest promise for remediation of this social problem because of the inclusion of macroenvironmental factors in tandem with individual risk factors to form a comprehensive approach to policy formulation.
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Rakhimbekova, Assima, Timur I. Madzhidov, Ramil I. Nugmanov, Timur R. Gimadiev, Igor I. Baskin, and Alexandre Varnek. "Comprehensive Analysis of Applicability Domains of QSPR Models for Chemical Reactions." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 15 (August 3, 2020): 5542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155542.
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Nowadays, the problem of the model’s applicability domain (AD) definition is an active research topic in chemoinformatics. Although many various AD definitions for the models predicting properties of molecules (Quantitative Structure-Activity/Property Relationship (QSAR/QSPR) models) were described in the literature, no one for chemical reactions (Quantitative Reaction-Property Relationships (QRPR)) has been reported to date. The point is that a chemical reaction is a much more complex object than an individual molecule, and its yield, thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics depend not only on the structures of reactants and products but also on experimental conditions. The QRPR models’ performance largely depends on the way that chemical transformation is encoded. In this study, various AD definition methods extensively used in QSAR/QSPR studies of individual molecules, as well as several novel approaches suggested in this work for reactions, were benchmarked on several reaction datasets. The ability to exclude wrong reaction types, increase coverage, improve the model performance and detect Y-outliers were tested. As a result, several “best” AD definitions for the QRPR models predicting reaction characteristics have been revealed and tested on a previously published external dataset with a clear AD definition problem.
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Catania, Carlos Adrian, Cecilia Zanni-Merk, François de Bertrand de Beuvron, and Pierre Collet. "Ontologies to Lead Knowledge Intensive Evolutionary Algorithms." International Journal of Knowledge and Systems Science 7, no. 1 (January 2016): 78–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijkss.2016010105.
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Evolutionary Algorithms (EA) have proven to be very effective in optimizing intractable problems in many areas. However, real problems including specific constraints are often overlooked by the proposed generic models. The authors' goal here is to show how knowledge engineering techniques can be used to guide the definition of Evolutionary Algorithms (EA) for problems involving a large amount of structured data, through the resolution of a real problem. They propose a methodology based on the structuring of the conceptual model underlying the problem, in the form of a labelled domain ontology suitable for optimization by EA. The case studyfocuses on the logistics involved in the transportation of patients. Although this problem belongs to the well-known family of Vehicle Routing Problems, its specificity comes from the data and constraints (cost, legal and health considerations) that must be taken into account. The precise definition of the knowledge model with thelabelled domain ontology permits the formal description of the chromosome, the fitness functions and the genetic operators.
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Mathews, Ben, and Delphine Collin-Vézina. "Child Sexual Abuse: Toward a Conceptual Model and Definition." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 20, no. 2 (November 2, 2017): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838017738726.
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The problem of defining “child sexual abuse” (CSA), and the need to define this concept, has been recognized by major policy bodies and leading researchers since the 1970s. Recent demands for a more theoretically robust, explicit definition of CSA show this challenge remains urgent. In this article, we identify problems caused by variance in definitions of CSA for five domains: research and knowledge formation, legal frameworks and principles, prevention efforts, policy responses, and the establishment of social norms. We review and analyze definitions used in leading international epidemiological studies, national and international policy documents, social science literature, and legal systems in the United States, Canada, and Australia to demonstrate the continuing use of different concepts of CSA and identify key areas of conceptual disagreement. Informed by our literature review, we use a methodology of conceptual analysis to develop a conceptual model of CSA. The purpose of this model is to propose a more robust, theoretically sound concept of CSA, which clarifies its defining characteristics and distinguishes it from other concepts. Finally, we provide operational examples of the conceptual model to indicate how it would translate to a classificatory framework of typologies of acts and experiences. A sound conceptual model and classificatory system offers the prospect of more appropriate and effective methods of research, response, regulation, and prevention. While total consensus is unattainable, this analysis may assist in developing understanding and advancing more coherent approaches to the conceptual foundation of CSA and its operationalization.
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Lu, Yun-guang. "Cauchy problem for an extended model of combustion." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Section A Mathematics 120, no. 3-4 (1992): 349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308210500032170.
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SynopsisThis paper considers the Cauchy problem for an extended model of combustion (u + qz)t + f(u)x = 0, zt + kg(u)z = 0 with Lp bounded initial data, where g(u) is a piecewise Lipschitz continuous function and its discontinuous points have no finite limit point. The integral representation gives a definition of a weak solution in Lp space. Some existence results are obtained based on a simplified method of compensated compactness in which the weak continuity theorem of 2 * 2 determinants plays a more important role, but the idea of Young measures has been avoided.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Problem definition model"
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Cameron, Mark A., and Mark Cameron@csiro au. "A Problem Model for Decision Support Systems." The Australian National University. Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, 2000. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20020717.144031.
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This body of research focuses on supporting problem-stakeholders, decision-makers and
problem-solvers faced with an ill-defined and complex real world problem. An ill-defined
problem has a characteristic trait of continual refinement. That is, the definition
of the problem changes throughout the problem investigation and resolution process.
The central theme of this research is that a support system should provide problem
stakeholders with a problem definition model for constructing and manipulating a
representation of the definition of the problem as they understand it. The approach
adopted herein is to first develop a problem definition model for ill-defined problems
the 6-Component problem definition model. With this model, it is then possible to move
on to identifying the types of changes or modifications to the problem definition that
problem stakeholders, decision makers and problem solvers may wish to explore.
Importantly, there must be a connection between the surface representation of the
problem and the underlying implementation of the support system. This research argues
that by focusing the support system around the problem definition, it is possible to
reduce the mismatch between the problem objectives and the representation of the
problem that the support system offers. This research uses the Unified Modelling
Language to record and explore the requirements that problem stakeholders, faced with
an evolving problem definition, place on a support system. The 6-Component problem
definition model is then embedded within a design for an evolutionary support system.
This embedding, supported by collaboration diagrams, shows how a system using the
6-Component problem definition model will support stakeholders in their exploration,
evaluation and resolution of an ill-defined and complex real-world problem. A case
study provides validation of the effectiveness of the 6-Component problem definition
model proposed and developed in this work. The case study uses the 6-Component
problem definition model as a basis for implementing the Integration Workbench, an
evolutionary support system for land-use planning. Stakeholders explore, communicate,
evaluate and resolve the Tasmanian Regional Forest Agreement problem with
assistance from the Integration Workbench.
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Alhajri, Salman. "Developing a pedagogical model to enhance and assess creativity in Omani graphic design education." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12357.
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This research investigates the position of creativity within graphic design education in general, and within the Omani educational context specifically. It situates itself among three realms: education, design, and creativity, investigating the relationships, effectiveness, and interrogations among these three topics. Creativity is defined within this research and in relation to graphic design education as problem solving , which is explained also as a cultural activity, or a cultural production. Graphic designers can involve themselves effectively in solving communication, social, and cultural problems that are classified as wicked problems , which usually require creative solutions. It is argued that Omani graphic designers should be creative problem solvers and able to find effective solutions for these problems. Yet this is not the case in Oman, at least from an educational point of view. The research problem is that the Omani design education system lacks a framework that recognises creativity as an important concept in education. Such a lack creates a twofold problem: 1) underestimating the importance of creativity in Omani design education; and 2) a shortage of pedagogical structured programmes that can enhance students creativity. It is argued that this problem is a result of the neglected situation of creativity in Arabic traditional education in general. Traditional education usually does not support creative thinking in design students, which consequently minimises their roles in social and cultural change. Based on the above, this research aims to develop a pedagogical model that can enhance and promote creative potential within Omani graphic design students. This aim can be achieved through re-establishing the position of creativity within Omani design education and valuing creativity as integrated part of graphic design. It proposes that the pedagogical model can offer a systematic approach for lecturers, to guide them into the best practice to enhance the creative potential of their students. Therefore, this research, and the proposed model, is the first step towards improving the position of creativity in Omani design educational systems in general. The model would propose to help Omani graphic design students to develop their creative problem solving abilities, which can allow them to effectively find solutions for several social and cultural wicked problems faced in Oman, such as the increased rate of car accidents nationally). The model will contain some creative-thinking techniques, and some pedagogical strategies that are already used internationally in education to improve creativity. The relevant literature has been reviewed to study the techniques and strategies used internationally to improve the creative potential of graphic design students. A qualitative interpretative methodology was used to answer the research questions and fulfil the aims. A survey approach was used for this research, implementing two methods: questionnaires and interviews. The online questionnaire was conducted with 33 international participants. It investigated how creativity is defined within graphic design contexts; whether creativity can be taught or enhanced; if yes, How, and by which techniques and strategies? Which curriculum contents are most suitable and effective? And how to assess creativity within graphic design education?. The same set of questions was asked in face-to-face interviews conducted with 39 design lecturers. The participants in these interviews were local lecturers who teach graphic design courses at six Omani institutions. All of the collected data were analysed by a thematic analysis method, by coding and categorising them according to different themes that had been extracted earlier from the literature. The contribution of this research is in defining the concept of creativity through scientific research; more specifically by practical research conducting an international survey and local interviews. Through this approach, this research has collected ideas, insights and trends about creativity in graphic design and how it can be developed. Also, this research has advanced knowledge of the relationships among graphic design, creativity, and education, specifically in the Arabic region. It is an attempt to emphasise this new field. Moreover, this research has given a snapshot of differing views regarding creativity in design education as perceived by international lecturers versus Omani lecturers, through conducting a cross-cultural study by asking these two groups the same questions, which was an interesting comparison. Finally, the collected data were utilised to develop the proposed pedagogical model designed for graphic design lecturers who teach design courses within Omani design education. The pedagogical model is the main contribution of this research. It would be suggested to the Omani Ministry of Higher Education that the model should be part of the Omani undergraduate graphic design curriculum.
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Nogueira, Leila de Mello Yañez. "Estabilidade versus flexibilidade: a dicotomia necessária à inovação na gestão de recursos humanos em uma organização pública, estatal eestratégica como Bio-Manguinhos / Fiocruz." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2009. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/2500.
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Previous issue date: 2009Este trabalho propõe analisar o fenômeno da terceirização desenvolvido ao longo das duas últimas décadas em Bio-Manguinhos. Trata-se de um estudo de caso realizado na unidade de produção de vacinas e reagentes para diagnóstico da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Inicialmente foi realizado um estudo de cenário, analisando a política de gestão do trabalho desenvolvida pelo Estado brasileiro para as instituições públicas. A seguir, a análise passou a verificar a inserção da Fiocruz nessas políticas, desde a sua criação e no decorrer de vigência de diferentes formas de contratação, alternando da extrema rigidez para a total flexibilidade sempre com foco na gestão do trabalho, e, como essas políticas se refletiram no desempenho de Bio-Manguinhos. Baseado no contexto da conformação do Estado e na análise do desempenho da unidade, o trabalho critica a falta de planejamento e de prospecção dessas políticas, que favoreça a inovação de processos, produtos e procedimentos e o desempenho pleno de uma unidade de produção de insumos para a saúde, tão necessários ao atendimento das necessidades da população brasileira. Critica também, a ausência de um modelo de Estado consolidado que sirva de arcabouço à formulação dessas políticas. Devido às fortes críticas dos órgãos de controle acerca da extrapolação dos limites da terceirização praticada nas últimas duas décadas e à falta de definição clara desses marcos legais, o trabalho apresenta uma metodologia baseada nas atribuições dos cargos do plano de carreiras da Fiocruz e culmina com a apresentação de uma matriz de atribuições passíveis de serem realizadas por contratação indireta. Conclui pela necessidade de convivência de dois quadros de trabalhadores: um permanente formado por servidores, estáveis e de carreira e outro flexível, executado por contratação indireta, de caráter eventual, temporário ou de apoio às atividades relacionadas à missão de Bio-Manguinhos. O trabalho ainda sugere a aplicação da mesma metodologia às demais unidades da Fiocruz e que a instituição afirme, frente aos órgãos de controle, quais atividades que ela precisa manter no quadro de servidores permanente e quais ela quer delegar a terceiros sem contudo, ferir a legislação vigente. Por fim, constata-se que a metodologia apresentada ameniza, mas não resolve o problema, dessa forma, recomenda-se à Fiocruz buscar mecanismos que altere o modelo de gestão pelo qual está submetida a fim de viabilizar as duas formas de incorporação de mão-de-obra.
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Brink, Anton David. "Image models and the definition of image entropy applied to the problem of unsupervised segmentation." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/20956.
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A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg,
in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
Johannesburg, March 1994.Region segmentation of digital imges by unsupervised thresholding is a common, conceptually simple and important branch of image processing and analysis. Its applications range from that of simple binarization to serving as a useful pre-processing stage for operations such as pattern recognition and image restoration. While many different algorithms have been proposed for the automatic selection of the "correct" threshold the results vary widely in their general usefulness. A class of selection schemes is based on the principle of maximum entropy. This formalism, While effective, is usually involed without reference to its origins or its relationship to images. This thesis attempts to clarify the definition of what is meant by the entropy of an image, to which end various image and Image segmentation models are discussed and proposed. Some apparent shortcomings related to the use of the Shannon entropy formula are addressed and the outcome of the research is applied to the problem of threshold selection. The results indicate a marked improvement in performance of methods using some form(s) of context-related information over those which simply apply the entropy formula without regard to its spatially insensitive nature. Evaluation of results and processes is usually based
Books on the topic "Problem definition model"
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Franke, O. Lehn. Definition of boundary and initial conditions in the analysis of saturated ground-water flow systems: An introduction. Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1987.
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Franke, O. Lehn. Definition of boundary and initial conditions in the analysis of saturated ground-water flow systems: An introduction. [Reston, Va.?]: Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1987.
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Poletaeva, Vladislava. Economics of sustainable industrial growth: concept, problems and possible mechanisms of formation. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1086387.
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The monograph examines the issues of transformation of the Russian economy from raw materials export model to a model of sustainable industrial growth. In the first Chapter of the work the author formulates the definition of sustainable economy growth and the expediency of its formation, analyzes the problems that hinder the transformation of national economic system into a model for sustainable industrial growth, and identified possible mechanisms of such transformation. In the second Chapter, in order to determine the sources of the implementation of the financial mechanism of forming of economy of sustainable industrial growth, the author assesses financial potential of economic entities and analyzes the role of the banking sector and the state to invest resources in the Russian economy. In the third Chapter the author provides the rationale (for the decision of task of forming of economy of industrial growth) for the development of cooperation in the banking sector and the state in the financing of manufacturing industry on the basis of realization of interests of all key stakeholders of such projects, identifies the interests of the state, banking sector and manufacturing industries and estimated the fullness of their realization in the framework of the existing mechanisms of the banking and government lending to the economy.
Designed for teachers, students of economic specialties, as well as anyone interested in the problems of development of economy in modern conditions.
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Pischulov, Viktor. Problems of the territorial organization of the national economy and finance. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1182771.
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The monograph is devoted to certain difficult-to-understand issues of the national economy. The definitions of the main concepts used in the presentation of problems are given. The issues under consideration are of interest in practical activities to regulate the interaction of economic entities in the conditions of territorial markets.
The problems of the theory of the modern system of regulation of the national economy are considered. The analysis of the methodology of institutional models for building the main structural elements of the economy in the regions of the country is carried out.
It may be interesting for practitioners engaged in the problems of regional economy, researchers, teachers, graduate students.
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Congress, International Fiscal Association. The OECD model convention-1997 and beyond: Current problems of the permanent establishment definition : proceedings of a seminar held in new Delhi, in 1997 during the 51st Congress of the International Fiscal Association. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1999.
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Crespellani, Teresa, ed. Terremoto e ricerca. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-819-2.
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The profound cultural transformation that has taken place in Italian seismic studies in the last ten years is distinguished by the growing interest in the problem of assessing the effects of earthquakes linked to local conditions, and in the related issue of a precise definition of the properties of the soil in the sphere of the dynamic and cyclical stresses induced by seismic actions. Despite the profound awareness of the extent to which the nature of the soil contributes to the destructive effects of earthquakes, we are still a long way from the possibility of a realistic forecast of the seismic behaviour of the Italian soils. This is because the identification of the dynamic properties calls for experimental equipment that is technologically complex and costly as well as lengthy observation and qualified personnel. The rare experimental data that have been acquired to date hence represent a fundamental element for scientific reflection. This book has been conceived with a view to setting at the disposal of a broader public the results of the tests conducted on site and in the laboratory on the soil of certain significant seismic areas using the dynamic-type apparatus of the Geotechnical Laboratory of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering (DICeA) of the University of Florence. It presents a selection of the works of the Geotechnical section of the DICeA that have been published in various specialist international and national ambits. These studies were largely launched following the seismic sequence in Umbria and the Marches, in collaboration with several Regional Authorities and Research Institutes for the reduction of the seismic risk in Italy (GNDT, IRRS, INGV). In addition to the experimental techniques and the results obtained, the models and the geotechnical procedures adopted for assessing the effects of site and soil instability in certain specific deposits of the Italian territory are also expounded.
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Sullivan MD, PhD, Mark. From Patient to Agent. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780195386585.001.0001.
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In the 21st century, the primary challenge for health care is chronic illness. To meet this challenge, we need to think anew about the role of the patient in health and health care. There have been widespread calls for patient-centered care, but this model of care does not question deeply enough the goals of health care, the nature of the clinical problem, and the definition of health itself. We must instead pursue patient-centered health, which is a health perceived and produced by patients. We should not only respect, but promote patient autonomy as an essential component of this health. Objective health measures cannot capture the burden of chronic illness, so we need to draw on the patient's perspective to help define the clinical problem. We require a new definition of health as the capacity for meaningful action. It is recognized that patients play a central role in chronic illness care, but the concept of health behavior retards innovation. We seek not just an activated patient, but an autonomous patient who sets and pursues her own vital goals. To fully enlist patients, we must bridge the gap between impersonal disease processes and personal processes. This requires understanding how the roots of patient autonomy lie in the biological autonomy that allows organisms to carve their biological niche. It is time for us to recognize the patient as the primary customer for health care and the primary producer of health. Patient agency is both the primary means and primary end of health care.
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Kendler, Kenneth S., and Josef Parnas, eds. Philosophical Issues in Psychiatry IV. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198796022.001.0001.
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This book contains, in addition to an introduction, sixteen chapters, each with its own introduction and discussion, that review various issues within psychiatric nosology from clinical, historical and particularly philosophical perspectives. The contributors to this book include major psychiatric researchers, clinicians, historians and especially nosologists (including several leaders of the DSM-5 effort and the DSM Steering Committee that will be guiding future revisions in DSM for the foreseeable future), psychologists with a special interest in psychiatric nosology and philosophers with a wide range of orientations. The book is organized into four major sections. The first explores the nature of psychiatric illness and the ways in which define it including clinical and psychometric perspectives. The second section examines problems in the reification of psychiatric diagnostic criteria, the problem of psychiatric epidemics and the nature and definition of individual symptoms. The third session explores the concept of epistemic iteration as a possible governing conceptual framework for the revision efforts for official psychiatric nosologies such as DSM and ICD and the problems of validation of psychiatric diagnoses. The final session explores how we might move from the descriptive to the etiologic in psychiatric diagnoses, the nature of progress in psychiatric research and the possible benefits of moving to a living document (or continuous improvement) model for psychiatric nosologic systems. The organization of the book—with its introduction and comments—well captures the dynamic cross-disciplinary interactions that characterize the best work in the philosophy of psychiatry.
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Jaquet, Chantal. The Nature of the Union of Mind and Body in Spinoza. Translated by Tatiana Reznichenko. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474433181.003.0002.
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The first chapter has three parts: – An analysis of the givens of the problem – A critique of the parallelism issue – The definition and nature of equality, which expresses the link between body and mind in Spinoza Spinoza conceives of the body and mind as one and the same thing expressed in two ways, under the attribute of thought, and under the attribute of extension. The problem is finding out how these two ways interrelate and come together, in order to understand human nature. Most commentators have interpreted the mind-body relationship according to the psychophysical parallelism model imported from Leibniz, which is unsatisfactory because it introduces a duality where there is unity, and reduces the differences of expression to the uniformity of self-replicating lines. That is why we must return to Spinoza's text, in order to inventory the terms he uses to expresses the mind-body union. The author's analysis reveals that the key concepts are equality and simultaneity. It then becomes necessary to examine psychophysical equality and simultaneity, and the special occasions on which they appear in Spinoza's corpus. That is why studying the affects becomes crucial – it makes it possible to comprehend the mind and body at the same time.
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Sawada, Tadamasa, Yunfeng Li, and Zygmunt Pizlo. Shape Perception. Edited by Jerome R. Busemeyer, Zheng Wang, James T. Townsend, and Ami Eidels. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199957996.013.12.
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This chapter provides a review of topics and concepts that are necessary to study and understand 3D shape perception. This includes group theory and their invariants; model-based invariants; Euclidean, affine, and projective geometry; symmetry; inverse problems; simplicity principle; Fechnerian psychophysics; regularization theory; Bayesian inference; shape constancy and shape veridicality; shape recovery; perspective and orthographic projections; camera models; as well as definitions of shape. All concepts are defined and illustrated, and the reader is provided with references providing mathematical and computational details. Material presented here will be a good starting point for students and researchers who plan to study shape, as well as for those who simply want to get prepared for reading the contemporary literature on the subject.
Book chapters on the topic "Problem definition model"
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Steel, John R. "An inductive definition of K." In The Core Model Iterability Problem, 43–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-22485-4_7.
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Toda, Masayoshi. "Problem Definition, Dynamical Model Formulation." In Robust Motion Control of Oscillatory-Base Manipulators, 7–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21780-2_2.
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Torra, Vicenç, Guillermo Navarro-Arribas, and Edgar Galván. "Explaining Recurrent Machine Learning Models: Integral Privacy Revisited." In Privacy in Statistical Databases, 62–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57521-2_5.
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Abstract We have recently introduced a privacy model for statistical and machine learning models called integral privacy. A model extracted from a database or, in general, the output of a function satisfies integral privacy when the number of generators of this model is sufficiently large and diverse. In this paper we show how the maximal c-consensus meets problem can be used to study the databases that generate an integrally private solution. We also introduce a definition of integral privacy based on minimal sets in terms of this maximal c-consensus meets problem.
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Chiari, Michele, Dino Mandrioli, and Matteo Pradella. "Model-Checking Structured Context-Free Languages." In Computer Aided Verification, 387–410. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81688-9_18.
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AbstractThe problem of model checking procedural programs has fostered much research towards the definition of temporal logics for reasoning on context-free structures. The most notable of such results are temporal logics on Nested Words, such as CaRet and NWTL. Recently, the logic OPTL was introduced, based on the class of Operator Precedence Languages (OPL), more powerful than Nested Words. We define the new OPL-based logic POTL, and provide a model checking procedure for it. POTL improves on NWTL by enabling the formulation of requirements involving pre/post-conditions, stack inspection, and others in the presence of exception-like constructs. It improves on OPTL by being FO-complete, and by expressing more easily stack inspection and function-local properties. We developed a model checking tool for POTL, which we experimentally evaluate on some interesting use-cases.
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Tong, Hanghang, Spiros Papadimitriou, Philip S. Yu, and Christos Faloutsos. "Proximity Tracking on Dynamic Bipartite Graphs: Problem Definitions and Fast Solutions." In Link Mining: Models, Algorithms, and Applications, 211–36. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6515-8_8.
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Echenim, Mnacho, Radu Iosif, and Nicolas Peltier. "Unifying Decidable Entailments in Separation Logic with Inductive Definitions." In Automated Deduction – CADE 28, 183–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79876-5_11.
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AbstractThe entailment problem $$\upvarphi \models \uppsi $$ φ ⊧ ψ in Separation Logic [12, 15], between separated conjunctions of equational ($$x \approx y$$ x ≈ y and $$x \not \approx y$$ x ≉ y ), spatial ($$x \mapsto (y_1,\ldots ,y_\upkappa )$$ x ↦ ( y 1 , … , y κ ) ) and predicate ($$p(x_1,\ldots ,x_n)$$ p ( x 1 , … , x n ) ) atoms, interpreted by a finite set of inductive rules, is undecidable in general. Certain restrictions on the set of inductive definitions lead to decidable classes of entailment problems. Currently, there are two such decidable classes, based on two restrictions, called establishment [10, 13, 14] and restrictedness [8], respectively. Both classes are shown to be in $$\mathsf {2\text {EXPTIME}}$$ 2 EXPTIME by the independent proofs from [14] and [8], respectively, and a many-one reduction of established to restricted entailment problems has been given [8]. In this paper, we strictly generalize the restricted class, by distinguishing the conditions that apply only to the left- ($$\upvarphi $$ φ ) and the right- ($$\uppsi $$ ψ ) hand side of entailments, respectively. We provide a many-one reduction of this generalized class, called safe, to the established class. Together with the reduction of established to restricted entailment problems, this new reduction closes the loop and shows that the three classes of entailment problems (respectively established, restricted and safe) form a single, unified, $$\mathsf {2\text {EXPTIME}}$$ 2 EXPTIME -complete class.
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Vansteenwegen, Pieter, and Aldy Gunawan. "Definitions and Mathematical Models of Single Vehicle Routing Problems with Profits." In EURO Advanced Tutorials on Operational Research, 7–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29746-6_2.
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Gieseking, Manuel, Jesko Hecking-Harbusch, and Ann Yanich. "A Web Interface for Petri Nets with Transits and Petri Games." In Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, 381–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72013-1_22.
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AbstractDeveloping algorithms for distributed systems is an error-prone task. Formal models like Petri nets with transits and Petri games can prevent errors when developing such algorithms. Petri nets with transits allow us to follow the data flow between components in a distributed system. They can be model checked against specifications in LTL on both the local data flow and the global behavior. Petri games allow the synthesis of local controllers for distributed systems from safety specifications. Modeling problems in these formalisms requires defining extended Petri nets which can be cumbersome when performed textually.In this paper, we present a web interface (The web interface is deployed at http://adam.informatik.uni-oldenburg.de.) that allows an intuitive, visual definition of Petri nets with transits and Petri games. The corresponding model checking and synthesis problems are solved directly on a server. In the interface, implementations, counterexamples, and all intermediate steps can be analyzed and simulated. Stepwise simulations and interactive state space generation support the user in detecting modeling errors.
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"The Problem of the Approach Definition." In An Invariant-Based Approach to Second Language Acquisition, 25–47. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8220-5.ch002.
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The idea of approach in linguistic education has often been defined as a certain overall view of language and its acquisition. This kind of description evades distinct analysis as long as the two constituents are isolated crystallizations of largely different domains. The insulation of the major conceptual constituents causes the imprecision of current approach definitions which hampers specifying the concept's characteristics. The formulation of a precise definition implies extinguishing the concept's ambivalence for a new working model of the concept to be developed and its relations with coterminous notions to be explicated. The task of this chapter is to work out a conceptualization of an approach definition based on a variety of the concept's dimensions delineated due to establishing a new configuration of the concept perspectives viewed in terms of approach essentials. The main issues considered include the feasibility of approach definition, extinguishing the ambivalence of the approach concept, general principles of approach classification, type groups and taxonomies, antinomies of the approach concept definition issues, definition patterns of approach and the contiguous notions of method and technique, and conditions and criteria involved in the notional cluster.
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Munoz, Edrisi, Elisabet Capon-Garcia, and Luis Puigjaner. "Advanced Model Design Based on Intelligent System Characterization And Problem Definition." In Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 1045–50. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-818634-3.50175-2.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Problem definition model"
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Horvath, Laszlo, Imre J. Rudas, and Gerhard Hancke. "A contribution to solution for the problem of human controlled object model definition." In 2009 7th International Symposium on Applied Machine Intelligence and Informatics (SAMI 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sami.2009.4956631.
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Laureri, F., L. Puliga, M. Robba, F. Delfino, and G. Odena Bulto. "An optimization model for the integration of electric vehicles and smart grids: Problem definition and experimental validation." In 2016 IEEE International Smart Cities Conference (ISC2). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isc2.2016.7580797.
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Poursina, Mohammad, Imad Khan, and Kurt S. Anderson. "Model Transitions and Optimization Problem in Multi-Flexible-Body Modeling of Biopolymers." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48386.
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This paper presents an efficient algorithm for the simulation of multi-flexible-body systems undergoing discontinuous changes in model definition. The equations governing the dynamics of the transitions from a higher to a lower fidelity model and vice versa are formulated through imposing/removing certain constraints on/from the system. Furthermore, the issue of the non-uniqueness of the results associated with the transition from a lower to a higher fidelity model is dealt with as an optimization problem. This optimization problem is subjected to the satisfaction of the impulse-momentum equations. The divide and conquer algorithm (DCA) is applied to formulate the dynamics of the transition. The DCA formulation in its basic form is time optimal and results in linear and logarithmic complexity when implemented in serial and parallel, respectively. As such, it reduces the computational cost of formulating and solving the optimization problem in the transitions to the finer models. Necessary mathematics for the algorithm implementation is developed and a numerical example is given to validate the method.
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Zhang, Jiwei, Michael Y. Wang, and Xiaojun Wu. "Variational Geometry With Algebraic Level Set Model." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24904.
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Variational Geometry technique, also known as Constraints Satisfaction Problem technique (CSP), is one of the core components in modern CAD systems. One of the known problems of the existing technique is its inability of solving topological changes. In this paper, we propose a new Varaitional Geometry technique with Algebraic Level Set (ALS) geometric model. Based on half-space model theory and classic Level Set formulation, Algebraic Level Set concept is first described, its merits are also addressed within this context. Using this geometry representation, the topological changing problem caused by constraint variations could be solved in a natural way. This proposed method is capable of performing shape deformation capability that can be provided by conventional Variational Geometry technique, meanwhile, keeps the implicit topological definition of Algebraic Level Set functions which accounts for the topological changes in our proposed framework. Several numerical results demonstrate the preliminary capacity of our proposed approach.
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Mileshin, Victor, Igor Brailko, Alexander Stepanov, and Vladimir Korzhnev. "Numerical and Experimental Investigations of Steady and Unsteady Characteristics of a Counter Rotating Fan Model With Thickened Blades of Working Wheel." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-69734.
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Under VITAL Project funded by the European Community, Snecma as a project leader developed a counter rotating low-speed fan concept for a high bypass ratio engine [1–4]. At first, a counter rotating fan model (hereinafter referred to as CRTF1) with solid titanium blades was designed, manufactured and tested in CIAM’s C-3A anechoic chamber. The CRTF1 fan model had blades with a conventional thickness distribution in order to provide optimal mechanical properties and weight characteristics [1, 2]. To simulate blades made of composite materials, CRTF2a [3] and CRTF2b [4] counter-rotating fan models were designed with thickened blades (by 20–40%) as compared with the CRTF1 fan model to ensure mechanical properties. The CRTF2a counter-rotating fan model with thickened blades to simulate blades made of a composite material was tested in CIAM’s C-3A anechoic chamber. Fan local and integral performances within rotational speeds from ncor = 40% to ncor = 100% were measured. The numerical investigations were based on 3DFS software package developed for RANS and URANS solutions. The solution procedure is based on a modified S.K. Godunov’s scheme of implicit finite-difference second-order approximation [5]. The numerical investigations were subdivided into three stages corresponding to various problem definitions. Numerical investigations at the first stage and second stages were carried out without flow nonuniformity at the CRTF inlet. The first stage meets the requirements of the stationary problem definition. CRTF performances at this stage were calculated in the “mixing plane” approximation and compared with test data. Numerical investigations at the second stage were completed for non-stationary problem definition without flow nonuniformity at the inlet (the same as at the first stage). Calculations at this stage were carried out for the problem definition with a common period corresponding to calculations covering 5 blade channels in Rotor 1 (R1) and 7 blade channels in Rotor 2 (R2). Results of non-stationary calculations at the second stage were in good agreement with computed data at the first stage (the stationary calculation). The third stage of numerical investigations was in line with the numerical simulation of CRTF operation with total pressure nonuniformity at the inlet. At this stage the numerical investigations were carried out for non-stationary problem definition for all blade channels in Rotor 1 and Rotor 2 (10 and 14, respectively). The computed data were in good agreement with test results for CRTF integral characteristics as well as for local flow characteristics at the CRTF outlet (instantaneous and averaged by time values of flow parameters distributed in radial and circumferential directions).
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Llorca, Fabrice, Alain Gerard, Denis Hennequin, and Dominique Brenot. "Substructuring: Definition of the Analytical Dynamic Model of a Complex System During its Design Stage." In ASME 1995 Design Engineering Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1995 15th International Computers in Engineering Conference and the ASME 1995 9th Annual Engineering Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1995-0471.
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Abstract A structure is often an assembly of several components coupled by various joints such as bolted or riveted joints. Component mode synthesis methods are very practical tools to define a dynamic model. But, several points have to be examined and improved in order to give a complet representation of the modal behaviour of the whole structure. For example, rotational degrees of freedom on connecting points between adjacent substructures should be estimated to give a better representation of the multidirectional connecting forces. These informations may be evaluated through a method based on both interpolation and spatial derivation of the experimental translational displacements of the components. Unlike many other structural elements, the dynamic properties of a connection are very difficult to evaluate. So, we propose a method of determining joint stiffness characteristics. We consider only the conservative problem so the damping properties of the different components of the considered assembly are not taken into account. The joint characteristics are extracted comparing experimental modal data base and component mode synthesis simulation. The updating procedure is based on a nonlinear iterative least-square method. Results are presented concerning a particular assemblie of rectangular plates. Structural modification is applied for one component. We show that the joint properties stay the same if the connecting interface is not modified. The close correlation between predicted and experimental results demonstrate that this method is well adaptated to the study of structural modifications.
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Bencsik, Laszlo, and Tamas Insperger. "Periodic Control in a Stick Balancing Problem." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97979.
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Abstract Understanding the human balancing is a fundamental question. Investigation of simple tasks can help in this challenging problem. In order to describe the nature of the underlying control mechanism, first of all, the balancing force has to be determined. As a second step one can identify the behaviour of the controller. There are two main problems in the model of the whole control process of balancing, time-delay is unknown and the exact mathematical definition of the control goal is also not known. The explanation for this latter issue the classical inverted pendulum model has 2DoF but only one control forces exists, thus it can be handled as a typical underactuated mechanical system. In under-actuated systems the task of inverse dynamics is not well defined. Some degrees-of-freedom cannot directly be controlled, and the corresponding generalized coordinates depend on the system dynamics only. In this study we model the control mechanism as a time periodically (i.e. clock-driven) switched controller. We investigate the stability properties of the closed-loop system. We show a periodically switched controlled which can be a possible model of human balancing.
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Mohammadpour, Mehdi, Iraj Mirzaee, and Shahram Khalilarya. "A Mathematical-Numerical Model to Calculate Load Distribution, Contact Stiffness and Transmission Error in Involute Spur Gears." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86676.
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This paper firstly presents a mathematical model in order to calculate the load distribution, single contact stiffness and meshing stiffness as well as transmission error. in this way, there is no need to use finite element like methods and also the calculation time is dramatically reduced. Presented method is based on definition of a statically undetermined problem that is formulated using energy method. Some assumptions considered to convert this problem to a statically determined problem and get the mathematical models. Then a numerical method is employed in order to solve the mathematical model using a double iteration flowchart to close the problem. This model is flexible to adapt for any modification in spur gear profile geometry. Finally, this model is verified using previous works that have been utilized finite element and experimental model.
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Capiez-Lernout, Evange´line, Christian Soize, Jean-Pierre Lombard, Christian Dupont, and Eric Seinturier. "Blade Manufacturing Tolerances Definition for a Mistuned Industrial Bladed Disk." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53356.
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This paper deals with the characterization of the blade manufacturing geometric tolerances in order to get a given level of amplification in the forced response of a mistuned bladed-disk. It is devoted to an industrial application in order to validate the theory previously developed [1] and in order to show that this theory is suited to any industrial bladed-disks. It should be noted that the development of an adapted methodology for solving the inverse problem, in order to characterize the manufacturing tolerances, is an important challenge for industries in this area. Let us recall that this theory is based on the use of a nonparametric probabilistic model of random uncertainties in the blade [2]. The dispersion parameters controlling the nonparametric model are estimated as a function of the geometric tolerances. Such an identification is carried out in a computational context by using the numerical Monte Carlo simulation and by using the reduced model method presented in [3]. The industrial application is devoted to the mistuning analysis of a 22 blades wide chord fan stage. Centrifugal stiffening due to rotational effects is also included. The results obtained validate the efficiency and the reliability of the method on three dimensional bladed disks.
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Behnen, Jonas, Quentin Hisette, Sören Ehlers, and Rüdiger U. Franz von Bock und Polach. "A Discrete Element Model for Brash Ice Simulations." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18667.
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Abstract Most merchant ships operating in the cold regions are not able to break ice themselves, they can only navigate in the broken ice, the so-called brash ice channels. Today’s standard requires a model test in real brash ice conditions to be carried out and realistic additional resistances to be estimated from this. The problem is that they can only be performed at the end of the design process. The possibility of changing the ship design within the development process can only be guaranteed by using a simulation tool, based on the Discrete Element Method. The problem with the development of this numerical simulation is the correctness of the mapping of the physical behaviour of brash ice. The physical models used are often simplified and not sufficient to represent the complex mechanical behaviour of brash ice. Thus, another problem with the use of numerical simulation is the selection of the correct parameters to describe the mechanical behaviour. A concrete definition of the used material parameters does not exist and the experimental tests for the determination of the physical properties are often complex and not standardized. This paper examines the mechanical behaviour of brash ice and the descriptive parameters of each ice rubble. On this basis, the physical behaviour in nature is compared with the model used in numerical simulation. As a result, physical inconsistencies are determined and new solution approaches are proposed, for example in the form of a new contact model, an extension of the friction model or a change of the descriptive particle shape.
Reports on the topic "Problem definition model"
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Apostolatos, A., R. Rossi, and C. Soriano. D7.2 Finalization of "deterministic" verification and validation tests. Scipedia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/exaqute.2021.2.006.
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This deliverable focus on the verification and validation of the solvers of Kratos Multiphysics which are used within ExaQUte. These solvers comprise standard body-fitted approaches and novel embedded approaches for the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations carried out within ExaQUte. Firstly, the standard body-fitted CFD solver is validated on a benchmark problem of high rise building - CAARC benchmark and subsequently the novel embedded CFD solver is verified against the solution of the body-fitted solver. Especially for the novel embedded approach, a workflow is presented on which the exact parameterized Computer-Aided Design (CAD) model is used in an efficient manner for the underlying CFD simulations. It includes: A note on the space-time methods Verification results for the body-fitted solver based on the CAARC benchmark Workflow consisting of importing an exact CAD model, tessellating it and performing embedded CFD on it Verification results for the embedded solver based on a high-rise building API definition and usage