Journal articles on the topic 'Problem behaviours'
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Halls, Vicky. "Tools for managing feline problem behaviours: Environmental and behavioural modification." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 20, no. 11 (October 30, 2018): 1005–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x18806757.
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Practical relevance: Problem feline behaviour can be managed successfully by early diagnosis and intervention, good first-aid advice in veterinary practice and then, if necessary, a referral to a suitably qualified behaviourist for those cases that are complex. There are a number of tools available to assist in the resolution of problem feline behaviour and this article will cover environmental modification and behavioural modification. Clinical challenges: Problem feline behaviours are not uncommon and the veterinary team often have to rely on their own knowledge to assist clients if a specialist behaviourist is not available. Evidence base: There is a lack of evidence-based information regarding how best to work-up and treat cases of problem feline behaviour in practice; therefore, some recommendations within this article are based on the author’s experience of treating cases in a cat-specific behaviour referral practice over the past 20 years. However, there is evidence available regarding how best to enrich a cat’s environment and how to ensure a cat’s environmental needs are met. Audience: Any veterinarians, veterinary nurses or technicians who are involved in the diagnosis or treatment of problem feline behaviour in practice would benefit from understanding the principles of environmental and behavioural modification.
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Kingma, Elisabeth M., Erik van Duijn, Reinier Timman, Rose C. van der Mast, and Raymund A. C. Roos. "Behavioural problems in Huntington's disease using the Problem Behaviours Assessment." General Hospital Psychiatry 30, no. 2 (March 2008): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2007.11.005.
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Hagekull, Bent, and Gunilla Bohlin. "Behavioural Problems and Competences in 4-year-olds: Dimensions and Relationships." International Journal of Behavioral Development 17, no. 2 (June 1994): 311–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502549401700205.
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The study explored the dimensionality of parental ratings of positive and negative aspects of behaviour in a sample of 4-year-olds (n = 377). The children were described using the Preschool Behaviour Questionnaire (PBQ) with items added to include ego strength/effectance and social competence. Factor analytic results showed a 2-factor structure in the PBQ behaviour problem area: factor 1 describing externalised conduct behaviour problems; and factor 2 encompassing the internalised anxious-fearful problems. Factor analysis of both positive and negative behavioural aspects yielded a 3-factor structure with externalised problem behaviours as the first factor, a second broad social inhibition factor, and an ego strength/effectance factor. Correlations showed a low positive relationship between the two problem areas; a stronger relationship was found between the positive aspects, peer competence, and ego strength/effectance. There was a weak significant negative correlation between peer competence behaviours and outgoing conduct problems. Peer competence was more strongly negatively related to anxiousfearful behaviour problems. Conceptual and methodological aspects were discussed and the results were related to the inhibition-disinhibition construct in temperament research.
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Quin, Daniel. "Levels of problem behaviours and risk and protective factors In suspended and non-suspended students." Educational and Developmental Psychologist 36, no. 01 (May 24, 2019): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/edp.2019.4.
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External suspension from school is a common disciplinary practice in traditionally English-speaking countries. Few studies have sought student perceptions of school suspension, as well as measures of problem behaviours and emotional problems, and known factors that influence the development of antisocial behaviour, to examine associations between these variables. Three hundred and four adolescents, aged 12–17 years, from five schools in southern Australia completed a self-report questionnaire that asked about behavioural and mental health problems, and risk and protective factors known to be associated with suspension. Seventy-four of the participants had been previously suspended from school at least once. Having been previously suspended was associated with a greater level of problem behaviours and emotions, poor family management, low school commitment, reduced supportive teacher relationships, and interactions with antisocial peers. School suspension appears likely to be applied to students who lack the ability to self-regulate their behaviours and emotional problems in the classroom. By excluding students from school, pre-existing behavioural problems may be exacerbated by diminishing school protective factors and increasing exposure to known risk factors. Adolescents most at risk of being suspended would benefit from alternative school behaviour management policies and procedures that maintain the school as a protective factor.
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Tore, Elena C., Evangelia E. Antoniou, Renate H. M. de Groot, Marij Gielen, Roger W. L. Godschalk, Theano Roumeliotaki, Luc Smits, et al. "Gestational Weight Gain by Maternal Pre-pregnancy BMI and Childhood Problem Behaviours in School-Age Years: A Pooled Analysis of Two European Birth Cohorts." Maternal and Child Health Journal 24, no. 10 (June 17, 2020): 1288–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10995-020-02962-y.
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Abstract Objectives Maternal pre-pregnancy weight is known to affect foetal development. However, it has not yet been clarified if gestational weight gain is associated with childhood behavioural development. Methods We performed a pooled analysis of two prospective birth cohorts to investigate the association between gestational weight gain and childhood problem behaviours, and the effect modification of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI. In total, 378 mother–child pairs from the Maastricht Essential Fatty Acids Birth cohort (MEFAB) and 414 pairs from the Rhea Mother–Child cohort were followed up from early pregnancy to 6–7 years post-partum. At follow up, parents assessed their children’s behaviour, measured as total problems, internalizing and externalizing behaviours, with the Child Behaviour Checklist. We computed cohort- and subject-specific gestational weight gain trajectories using mixed-effect linear regression models. Fractional polynomial regressions, stratified by maternal pre-pregnancy BMI status, were then used to examine the association between gestational weight gain and childhood problem behaviours. Results In the pre-pregnancy overweight/obese group, greater gestational weight gain was associated with higher problem behaviours. On average, children of women with overweight/obesity who gained 0.5 kg/week scored 25 points higher (on a 0–100 scale) in total problems and internalizing behaviours, and about 18 points higher in externalizing behaviours than children whose mothers gained 0.2 kg/week. Inconsistent results were found in the pre-pregnancy normal weight group. Conclusions for Practice Excessive gestational weight gain in women with pre-pregnancy overweight/obesity might increase problem behaviours in school-age children. Particular attention should be granted to avoid excessive weight gain in women with a pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity.
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Bradshaw, John. "Normal feline behaviour: … and why problem behaviours develop." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 20, no. 5 (April 30, 2018): 411–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x18771203.
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Practical relevance: Cats are descended from a solitary, territorial ancestor, and while domestication has reduced their inherited tendency to be antagonistic towards all animals larger than their typical prey, they still place more reliance on the security of their territory than on psychological attachments to people or other cats, the exact opposite to dogs. Many feline problem behaviours stem from perceived threats to this security, often due to conflicts with other cats. Others are more developmental in origin, often caused by inadequate exposure to crucial stimuli, especially people, during the socialisation period. Strongly aversive events experienced at any age can also contribute. A third category comprises normal behaviour that owners deem unacceptable, such as scratching of furniture. Evidence base: This review identifies three areas in which basic research is inadequate to support widely employed concepts and practices in feline behavioural medicine. First, classification of cats’ problem behaviours relies heavily on approaches derived from studies of their behavioural ecology and, to some extent, extrapolation from canine studies. Few studies have focused on cats in the home, the environment in which most behavioural disorders are expressed. Secondly, cats’ chemical senses (olfactory and vomeronasal) are far more sensitive than our own, making it difficult for owners or clinicians to fully comprehend the sensory information upon which they base their behaviour. Thirdly, although the concept of psychological distress is widely invoked as an intervening variable in behavioural disorders, there are still no reliable measures of distress for pet cats in the home. Global importance: Psychological distress of some kind is the primary cause of many of the behavioural problems presented to clinicians, but surveys indicate that many more cats display the same clinical signs without their owners ever seeking help. The welfare of this ‘invisible’ group could be improved by veterinarians taking a more proactive approach to educating their clients about the behavioural needs of pet cats.
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Tustin, R. Don, Malcolm J. Bond, and Paivi Forsaith. "Antecedents of Problem Behaviour of People with Intellectual Disability." Behaviour Change 14, no. 3 (September 1997): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900003454.
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The study examined associations reported by carers between problem behaviour of 92 adults with intellectual disability and 169 antecedent events, which were either environmental situations or prior behaviours of the client. Factor analyses were used to identify groupings of antecedents, providing a basis for constructing 19 sets of antecedents of problem behaviours. Assessments were made of the psychometric properties of these sets of items or scales. Of the 19 scales, 18 were associated with an increased likelihood of problem behaviour, showing that carers reported that the problem behaviours of this sample occurred in a wide range of defined situations. The preliminary analysis suggests that the scales may be useful for inquiring more systematically about antecedents, for developing descriptions of situations where problems occur, and for identifying situations that warrant further analysis in individual cases.
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M. R., Othman, Mohammad Roose, A.R., Abdullah S., Abdul Majid, N. N., Mohd Razali I. S., and Wan Husin W.N.I. "Use of Adolescent Problems and Risk Behaviours Inventory (IPERI) to Predict the Influence of Personal Problems on Risky Behaviour among Adolescent in Sarawak, Malaysia." Journal of Cognitive Sciences and Human Development 4, no. 1 (November 1, 2018): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jcshd.1060.2018.
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This study explores the use of Adolescent Problems and Risk Behaviours Inventory (IPERI)to predict the relationship of personal problems on risky behaviour among adolescence aged14 to 17. The objective of this research is to analyse the influence of personal problems suchas study problems, family support, financial problems, career indecision, peer influence,spiritual management and health condition on the development of risky behaviours amongadolescents. The risky behaviours comprise of eight (8) behaviours which include disciplineproblems, physical bulling, suicidal thoughts, free sex, tobacco consumption, alcohol abuse,drug abuse and media influence. A survey using Adolescent Problems and Risk BehavioursInventory (IPERI) is administered to three hundred and seventy-nine (379) respondents, agebetween 14 to 17. The analysis of Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Standard MultipleRegression showed the existence of significance between all the problem variables, studyproblems (r = .316), family support (r = .256), financial problems (r = .240), health condition(r = .134), peer influence (r = .189), career indecision (r = .185) and spiritual management(r = .242), with the risky behaviour variables. This research contributes to the profilingof adolescents’ risky behaviours which can guide the development of interventions in tacklingadolescent’s risky behaviours.
Keywords: Personal problem; risky behavior; adolescent; spiritual; sexual
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Ramos, Daniela, Archivaldo Reche-Junior, Yumi Hirai, and Daniel S. Mills. "Feline behaviour problems in Brazil: a review of 155 referral cases." Veterinary Record 186, no. 16 (October 17, 2019): e9-e9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.105462.
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BackgroundGeographical variations in feline behaviour problems exist. The occurrence of feline behaviour problems in different regions are therefore important to prepare professionals for the emerging needs of cat owners.MethodsOne-hundred and fifty-five feline behaviour cases that were referred to a veterinary behaviourist in São Paulo (Brazil) during the period 2008–2014 are described.ResultsInter-cat aggression was the main behavioural complaint reported (31%), followed by housesoiling (26.4%). Unlike other international studies, inter-cat aggression was more frequently seen than inappropriate elimination. Oral repetitive behaviours, including problems such as psychogenic alopecia and pica, were also a prevalent problem (ie, 16.8% of the cases). Human-directed aggression accounted for 13.5% of the cases, taking fourth place in the list of the most common feline behavioural problems. Female and male cats were equally likely to be presented (51% and 49% of cases, respectively).ConclusionsThis study highlights potentially geographical or temporal variation in the behavioural problems that need to be recognised by veterinary behaviourists in order to meet the emerging needs of owners.
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Mulud, Zamzaliza Abdul, Norhidayu Sukardi, and Norfidah Mohamad. "Anxiety, Depression and Behaviour Problems among Preadolescent Primary School Children." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 4, no. 11 (July 14, 2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i11.1724.
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Although are many previous studies reported the factors associated with anxiety, depression and behaviour problems, but few studies have focused on the association between mental health (anxiety and depression) and problem behaviours in children. The current study aimed to determine the association between anxiety, depression and behaviour problems among preadolescent school children (n = 386). Results found that 7.7% and 10.1% of participants reported abnormal levels of depression and anxiety and it is correlated significantly with the children's problematic behaviours. The findings of the study provide valuable insight into understanding the mental health and behaviours of preadolescence primary school children in Malaysia.eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i11.1724
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Zemančíková, Vladimíra, and Ivana Mikulová. "Problem Behaviour of Pupils with Specific Learning Disabilities in Teachers’ Reflections." New Educational Review 70, no. 4 (2022): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/tner.2022.70.4.12.
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The research aimed to find out the manifestations and rate of occurrence of problem behaviour among pupils with specific developmental learning disabilities in teachers’ reflections. Differences in the rate of occurrence of pupils’ problem behaviour were compared with regard to their current level of education, position in the class, and academic achievement. Data were gathered by content analysis of text documents – pupil pedagogical profiles including the Conners Rating Scale for teachers (1969, 1999). Data were processed by SPSS, the method of statistical inference, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance. A variability of SLD pupils’ behaviours was discovered. The most pronounced manifestations included internalising problem behaviours; externalising problem behaviours were mostly disruptive and inattentive behaviours. SLD pupils with poor academic achievement were characterised by significantly more frequent manifestations of problem behaviour.
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Benson-Amram, Sarah, and Kay E. Holekamp. "Innovative problem solving by wild spotted hyenas." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1744 (August 8, 2012): 4087–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.1450.
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Innovative animals are those able to solve novel problems or invent novel solutions to existing problems. Despite the important ecological and evolutionary consequences of innovation, we still know very little about the traits that vary among individuals within a species to make them more or less innovative. Here we examine innovative problem solving by spotted hyenas ( Crocuta crocuta ) in their natural habitat, and demonstrate for the first time in a non-human animal that those individuals exhibiting a greater diversity of initial exploratory behaviours are more successful problem solvers. Additionally, as in earlier work, we found that neophobia was a critical inhibitor of problem-solving success. Interestingly, although juveniles and adults were equally successful in solving the problem, juveniles were significantly more diverse in their initial exploratory behaviours, more persistent and less neophobic than were adults. We found no significant effects of social rank or sex on success, the diversity of initial exploratory behaviours, behavioural persistence or neophobia. Our results suggest that the diversity of initial exploratory behaviours, akin to some measures of human creativity, is an important, but largely overlooked, determinant of problem-solving success in non-human animals.
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Denenberg, Sagi, and Maya Bräm Dubé. "Tools for managing feline problem behaviours: Psychoactive medications." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 20, no. 11 (October 30, 2018): 1034–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x18806760.
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Practical relevance: When a cat is presented for evaluation of a problem behaviour, it is likely that the cat’s wellbeing is negatively affected by the condition. In addition, the owners and any other animals around the cat may also be experiencing negative consequences. When managing these cases, it is important to consider all options (including behaviour modification, environmental changes, medications) that can help to reach an optimal solution. Medication cannot teach the cat how to behave or change a particular behaviour; it can, however, reduce arousal, excitability, reactivity and anxiety. Rationale: The rationale for using psychoactive medications in behavioural medicine, or veterinary psychiatry, is to increase the wellbeing of the animal and to aid the owner and practitioner in managing problem behaviours. Medications should always be used as an adjunct to behavioural and environmental modification. Clinical challenges: Many psychoactive medications cannot be used in the face of certain physical illnesses or concurrently with other medications. Some medications may also have side effects, not be effective at the recommended dose or have a paradoxical effect. Furthermore, success is reliant on the owner being able to administer the medication. Aims: This article aims to guide practitioners by discussing questions such as how to choose the appropriate medication, how to dose it and how long to use it. The psychoactive medications most commonly used in feline medicine are reviewed, as well as some that are newer or less common. Evidence base: Data for the use of medications in cats is limited, with just a small number of clinical-, species- and problem-directed studies available, and a few more case series and case reports. Where feline-specific research is not available, the authors have drawn upon research published in other species, such as humans, dogs and rats, as well as anecdotal reports and expert opinions.
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Durand, V. Mark. "Problem Behaviour as Communication." Behaviour Change 10, no. 4 (December 1993): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900005301.
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Individuals with intellectual disabilities commonly engage in a variety of problematic behaviours such as aggression and self-injury. This paper discusses the value of using a communicative model to study these behaviour problems. First, the reciprocal nature of behaviour problems is outlined. Next, research on the use of functional communication training as a treatment for behaviour problems is reviewed in terms of its initial effectiveness, generalisation, and maintenance, as well as the mechanisms responsible for behaviour change. Finally, recommendations are made for future research and training efforts aimed at reducing severe behaviour problems.
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Willie, Christopher, Peter Richard Gill, Robert Teese, Vasileios Stavropoulos, and Andrew Jago. "Emotion-driven problem behaviour: The predictive utility of positive and negative urgency." Brain and Neuroscience Advances 6 (January 2022): 239821282210795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23982128221079573.
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Impulsive urgency describes the tendency to act rashly when experiencing extreme emotions. This Australian study aimed to investigate the predictive utility of impulsivity, including impulsive urgency (positive and negative), across a range of problem behaviours. Data from two community samples, one retrospective (n = 281) and one current (n = 604), were analysed using hierarchical regression to determine which facets of impulsivity, as assessed with a comprehensive scale (i.e. negative urgency, positive urgency, lack or premeditation, lack of perseverance, and sensation seeking), best predicted a series of problem behaviours (i.e. problem gambling, disorderly alcohol use, online gambling disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder behaviours, and social media addiction). The impulsive urgency facets were shown to be significant predictors across the behaviours examined. More specifically, negative urgency was the strongest predictor of disorderly alcohol use, obsessive-compulsive disorder behaviours, and social media addiction. Positive urgency was associated with problem gambling and online gambling disorder behaviours. These findings suggest that impulsive urgency is a key contributing factor in many behavioural problems and that the valence of the urgency is an important consideration when addressing a broad range of psychopathologies.
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Zilanawala, Afshin, Amanda Sacker, and Yvonne Kelly. "Mixed ethnicity and behavioural problems in the Millennium Cohort Study." Archives of Disease in Childhood 103, no. 1 (February 24, 2016): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2015-309701.
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BackgroundThe population of mixed ethnicity individuals in the UK is growing. Despite this demographic trend, little is known about mixed ethnicity children and their problem behaviours. We examine trajectories of behavioural problems among non-mixed and mixed ethnicity children from early to middle childhood using nationally representative cohort data in the UK.MethodsData from 16 330 children from the Millennium Cohort Study with total difficulties scores were analysed. We estimated trajectories of behavioural problems by mixed ethnicity using growth curve models.ResultsWhite mixed (mean total difficulties score: 8.3), Indian mixed (7.7), Pakistani mixed (8.9) and Bangladeshi mixed (7.2) children had fewer problem behaviours than their non-mixed counterparts at age 3 (9.4, 10.1, 13.1 and 11.9, respectively). White mixed, Pakistani mixed and Bangladeshi mixed children had growth trajectories in problem behaviours significantly different from that of their non-mixed counterparts.ConclusionsUsing a detailed mixed ethnic classification revealed diverging trajectories between some non-mixed and mixed children across the early life course. Future studies should investigate the mechanisms, which may influence increasing behavioural problems in mixed ethnicity children.
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Harvey, Carol A., David A. Curson, Christos Panteus, Jason Taylor, and Thomas R. E. Barnes. "Four Behavioural Syndromes of Schizophrenia." British Journal of Psychiatry 168, no. 5 (May 1996): 562–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.168.5.562.
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BackgroundA complementary approach to defining symptomatic subtypes of schizophrenia is to identify characteristic patterns of ‘problem behaviours’ associated with the capacity of patients to function in the community.MethodIn a large epidemiological survey, patients fulfilling Feighner criteria for schizophrenia were identified by key informants and assessed using the MRC Social Behaviour Schedule (SBS) and the Manchester Scale. An exploratory factor analysis was used to extract behavioural syndromes from the SBS data in order to compare the syndrome profiles in community, acute and long-stay subgroups and to examine their associations with symptoms and social functioning.ResultsFour behavioural syndromes were identified: Thought disturbance, ‘Social withdrawal’, ‘Depressed behaviour’ and ‘Anti-social behaviour’, which distinguished between the patient subgroups and had significant differential relationships to symptoms and social functioning variables.ConclusionsThe evaluation of disability in schizophrenia and effectiveness of treatment interventions is incomplete without an assessment of problem behaviours.
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Prinzie, P., P. Onghena, W. Hellinckx, H. Grietens, P. Ghesquière, and H. Colpin. "Parent and child personality characteristics as predictors of negative discipline and externalizing problem behaviour in children." European Journal of Personality 18, no. 2 (March 2004): 73–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.501.
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Negative discipline has been linked to childhood externalizing behaviour. However, relatively little attention has been given to the potential effect of individual personality characteristics of children and parents. Using the Five Factor Model, we examined the extent to which parents' and children's personality characteristics were related to parenting and children's externalizing behaviour in a proportional stratified general population sample (N=599) of elementary‐school‐aged children. Based on Patterson's macromodel of parenting, an initial model was built, hypothesizing that the impact of parents' and child's personality dimensions on externalizing problems was fully mediated by negative discipline. Results supported a modified model that added direct pathways between parent and child personality characteristics and externalizing problem behaviour. For the mother data, as well as for the father data, children's Extraversion and Imagination were positively related to children's externalizing problem behaviours. Children's Benevolence and Conscientiousness and parents' Emotional Stability were negatively related to externalizing problem behaviours. For the mother data, maternal Agreeableness was positively related to externalizing problem behaviours too. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Heath, Sarah. "Understanding feline emotions: … and their role in problem behaviours." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 20, no. 5 (April 30, 2018): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x18771205.
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Practical relevance: Despite its importance, emotional health is a subject that is sadly neglected in the context of companion animals. Understanding emotions is at the heart of veterinary behavioural medicine and is key to preventing, managing and treating reported behavioural problems in domestic cats. Clinical challenges: On a daily basis, veterinary practices are presented with the physical health impact of emotional health and with emotionally motivated behaviours that are undesirable to owners and/or detrimental to the cat. Emotional health is of equal importance to physical health and lies at the very core of veterinary medicine. Clinically, the emotional motivation for a behaviour must be identified before an assessment is made of whether the motivation is contextually appropriate and whether the cat’s response is justified and normal, or abnormal in the circumstances. Evidence base: The majority of referenced evidence for our understanding of emotional motivations in mammals has come from the human field, but recently there has been increasing interest in the emotional health of non-human animals and a resulting growth in research. This review draws on the published literature and the author’s personal experience to explore how emotions can influence feline behaviours. Global importance: Understanding the importance of emotional health is a major factor in ensuring positive welfare for cats, wherever they are kept as companion animals. It impacts on their physical health and their quality of life, and also on the relationship between cat and owner.
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Liao, Jiaqiang, Shaoping Yang, Wei Xia, Anna Peng, Jinzhu Zhao, Yuanyuan Li, Yimin Zhang, et al. "Associations of exposure to green space with problem behaviours in preschool-aged children." International Journal of Epidemiology 49, no. 3 (November 29, 2019): 944–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyz243.
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Abstract Background Limited evidence is available regarding the association of green-space exposure with childhood behavioural development. This study aimed to investigate the associations of exposure to green space with multiple syndromes of behavioural development in preschool children. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in Wuhan, China from April 2016 to June 2018. We recruited a sample of 6039 children aged 5–6 years from 17 kindergartens located in five urban districts of the city. We measured the greenness using average Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) within a circular buffer area of 100 metres surrounding the central point of residences and kindergartens. We calculated the residence–kindergarten-weighted greenness by assuming that children spent 16 hours per day at home and 8 hours at kindergarten. The problem behaviours of children were evaluated at kindergarten using the Childhood Behavioral Checklist (CBCL) and standardized into problem behavioural T scores. Linear mixed-effect models and linear-regression models were used to estimate the associations. Results We observed decreases in problem behaviours associated with kindergarten and residence–kindergarten-weighted surrounding greenness in preschool children. For example, a one-interquartile range increase in kindergarten and residence–kindergarten-weighted NDVI was associated with decreased T scores for total behaviour by −0.61 [95% confidence interval (CI): −1.09, −0.13) and −0.49 (95% CI −0.85, −0.12), anxiety and depression by −0.65 (95% CI: −1.13, −0.17) and −0.46 (95% CI: −0.82, −0.10), aggressive behaviour by −0.53 (95% CI: −1.01, −0.05) and −0.38 (95% CI: −0.75, −0.02) and hyperactivity and attention deficit by −0.54 (95% CI: −1.01, −0.07) and −0.48 (95% CI: −0.83, −0.12), respectively. Stratified analyses indicated that the associations of green-space exposure with problem behaviours were stronger in boys than in girls. Conclusions Children attending kindergartens with higher levels of surrounding green space exhibited better behavioural development. The mechanisms underlying these associations should be explored further.
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Markie-Dadds, Carol, and Matthew R. Sanders. "Self-Directed Triple P (Positive Parenting Program) for Mothers with Children at-Risk of Developing Conduct Problems." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 34, no. 3 (March 27, 2006): 259–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465806002797.
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A self-directed variant of the Positive Parenting Program (Triple P) was evaluated using 63 preschool-age children at-risk of developing conduct problems. Families were randomly assigned to either Self-directed Triple P (SD), a self-administered behavioural family intervention program, or a waitlist group (WL). The 10-unit SD program teaches parents 17 parenting skills to increase pro-social child behaviours and decrease problem behaviours in home and community settings. Using mothers' reports of child behaviour and parenting practices, mothers in the SD group reported significantly less child behaviour problems, less use of dysfunctional discipline strategies, and greater parenting competence than mothers in the WL group. On measures of parental adjustment, there was no significant difference in conditions at post-intervention based on mothers' reports of depression, anxiety, stress and conflict with partners over parenting issues. Mothers' reports at 6-month follow-up indicated that gains in child behaviour and parenting practices achieved at post-intervention were maintained.
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Hayes, Louise. "Problem Behaviours in Early Primary School Children: Australian Normative Data using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 41, no. 3 (March 2007): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048670601172715.
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Objective: This study provides normative and clinical levels of problem behaviours from a large community sample of Australian early primary school children. Method: From a large community sample (n = 1928) of children aged 5 to 10 years (mean = 7.70, SD = 0.89) normative data are provided using the teacher-reported version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). A response rate of 88% ensures the data are representative. Results: Mean scores on total difficulties between this Australian sample and UK norms were comparable. Some differences in the clinical cut-off scores are evident in the Australian sample, and adjusted clinical cut-offs are provided. Australian teacher reports of problem behaviour revealed lower clinical levels of emotional problems. Boys had significantly greater problems than girls on the Conduct, Hyperactivity, Peer and Prosocial scales. Overall, 5.3% of boys had scores in the clinical range on four of the five subscales. Comparisons of the factor structure revealed that for boys the Peer scale has two interpretations, with two items loading with Conduct problems and associated with greater problem behaviours. For girls, conduct problems are more strongly associated with poorer prosocial skills. Conclusions: Teachers are able provide valuable predictive information on externalizing behaviours. Australian normative comparisons reveal minor variations in teacher interpretation of items. The present data is representative of the Australian community and should be used to assess behaviour difficulties in early primary school children. Future studies on older age children are required to understand the developmental progression of problem behaviours in the community.
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McGuinness, Patrick, and Dave Dagnan. "COGNITIVE EMOTIONAL REACTIONS OF CARE STAFF TO DIFFICULT CHILD BEHAVIOUR." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 29, no. 3 (July 2001): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465801003034.
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The attributions parents make about the problem behaviour of their children have been shown to be important determinants of their emotional and behavioural reactions to such behaviour. However, this relationship has not been studied in carers of children in residential settings. In this paper we apply Weiner's attributional model of helping to the self-predicted behaviour of 47 carers in residential children's homes in the U.K. Participants identified causes for four children's behaviours, made attributions about these behaviours on dimensions of internality, controllability, globality and stability, reported their emotional reactions to the behaviours on the dimensions of anger and sympathy and reported their likelihood of making extra effort to help in working with these behaviours. Results showed that attributions of controllability and globality, and the emotional response of sympathy were important in predicting reported likelihood of helping. The implications of these results for carer training are discussed.
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O'Neill, Sue, and Jennifer Stephenson. "One Year on: First-Year Primary Teachers’ Perceptions of Preparedness to Manage Misbehaviour and Their Confidence in the Strategies They Use." Australasian Journal of Special Education 37, no. 2 (October 10, 2013): 125–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jse.2013.15.
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This article reports the findings of a one-year follow-up study of Australian beginning primary teachers’ perceived preparedness to manage a variety of problematic student behaviours, and their confidence and use of behaviour management strategies based on their preservice coursework in classroom behaviour management. A total of 216 primary teachers in their first year of employment located across Australia responded to the online survey. Based on their coursework preparation in classroom behaviour management, the first-year teachers felt, at best, only somewhat prepared to manage disruption, noncompliance and disorganisation problems, and closer to not at all prepared to manage aggressive, antisocial, or destructive behaviours. Their perceptions of preparedness to manage all categories of problem behaviours had decreased significantly since course completion in the past year. First-year teachers were aware of a wide range of strategies for responding to problem behaviours, and felt somewhat confident in using most of the strategies. Their confidence in use had increased for most strategies, but only minimally, since completing their teacher education programs. Issues with current preservice coursework in classroom behaviour management in teacher education programs are discussed, and suggestions for addressing preparation and confidence issues are offered.
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Fisher, Keren, Moira Nurse, and Paul Kennedy. "Teaching Nurses Behavioural Methods for Pain Management: A Pilot Study." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 17, no. 3 (July 1989): 283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0141347300016712.
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This study explores the possibility of teaching nurses behavioural tehniques so that patients with intractable pain problems can be treated confidently, and subjective labelling, which obstructs a goal oriented approach, can be avoided.Three seminars were given which included formal teaching, role-plays and practical between-session tasks.Of the four assessment procedures used, the nurses showed a significant change in their knowledge of behavioural principles, their attitudes to disabled people, and their response to pain behaviours. Their ability to specify problem behaviour did not improve and some reasons for this are discussed
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Amat, Marta, and Xavier Manteca. "Common feline problem behaviours: Owner-directed aggression." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 21, no. 3 (February 25, 2019): 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x19831206.
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Practical relevance: Aggression towards owners is a common behavioural problem in cats, particularly in cats that have been obtained from pet shops or other sources where there has been inadequate socialisation with people, and in those kept only indoors. Very often aggression is associated with a stress response and it may potentially lead to relinquishment and euthanasia of the cat. Therefore, preventing and treating owner-directed aggression has significant benefits for the welfare of the cat and the quality of the cat–owner bond. Aim: The objectives of this article are to highlight the characteristics of the most common types of feline aggression towards human family members and to describe, in a very practical way, the main treatment strategies. The article is aimed at general practitioners; for severe cases of aggression and/or cases involving feral cats, referral to a specialist behaviourist is recommended. Clinical challenges: Veterinarians and behaviourists are not always able to witness the aggressive behaviour of the cat and therefore a detailed and accurate interview, as well as the use of complementary tools such as video recording, is essential to reach a diagnosis. Evidence base: This review draws on evidence from an extensive body of published literature as well as the authors’ clinical experience and own research.
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Harisman, Yulyanti, Muchamad Subali Noto, and Wahyu Hidayat. "INVESTIGATION OF STUDENTS' BEHAVIOR IN MATHEMATICAL PROBLEM SOLVING." Infinity Journal 10, no. 2 (July 28, 2021): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/infinity.v10i2.p235-258.
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This study is a qualitative research by using the descriptive method that aims to examine the behaviour of eighteen students in Bandung, Indonesia. Six issues related to geometry were given to eighteen of second-grade junior high school students with heterogeneous abilities. The problems given to the students contained all of the problem-solving strategies such as guessing and checking, make a picture, make a list, make a table, working backwards, looking patterns, and using a logical reason, solving simple problems and making questions. Data collection was conducted through mathematical problem-solving tests, recording students’ presentations, and interviewing among researchers and students after doing the problems. The result of recording was a video during the presentation process, and the interview would explore their understanding of the given problems to see the behaviour used by subjects of the research. The data in this research showed that many students’ behaviour identified; in the relevant literature, there are terms of the behaviour of problem-solving naive, routine, and sophisticated. However, the category "naïve," "routine," and "sophisticated" did not fully draw various behaviours observed, it was obtained additional category termed behavioural problem solver "naïve," "routine," "semi-sophisticated" and "sophisticated". It was due to the category of regular students can be divided into two, some students can be directed, and some of them cannot be directed to sophisticated behaviour. Thus, the routine category can be classified into two categories: routine and semi-sophisticated.
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Tyrer, Peter, Jessica Nagar, Rosie Evans, Patricia Oliver, Paul Bassett, Natalie Liedtka, and Aris Tarabi. "The Problem Behaviour Checklist: short scale to assess challenging behaviours." BJPsych Open 2, no. 1 (January 2016): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjpo.bp.115.002360.
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BackgroundChallenging behaviour, especially in intellectual disability, covers a wide range that is in need of further evaluation.AimsTo develop a short but comprehensive instrument for all aspects of challenging behaviour.MethodIn the first part of a two-stage enquiry, a 28-item scale was constructed to examine the components of challenging behaviour. Following a simple factor analysis this was developed further to create a new short scale, the Problem Behaviour Checklist (PBCL). The scale was subsequently used in a randomised controlled trial and tested for interrater reliability. Scores were also compared with a standard scale, the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS).ResultsSeven identified factors – personal violence, violence against property, self-harm, sexually inappropriate, contrary, demanding and disappearing behaviour – were scored on a 5-point scale. A subsequent factor analysis with the second population showed demanding, violent and contrary behaviour to account for most of the variance. Interrater reliability using weighted kappa showed good agreement (0.91; 95% CI 0.83–0.99). Good agreement was also shown with scores on the MOAS and a score of 1 on the PBCL showed high sensitivity (97%) and specificity (85%) for a threshold MOASscore of 4.ConclusionsThe PBCL appears to be a suitable and practical scale for assessing all aspects of challenging behaviour.
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Semarco, Stanley KM, and Seokhee Cho. "The predictive influence of headteachers’ task-oriented managerial leadership behaviours on teachers’ retention intentions in Ghana." Educational Management Administration & Leadership 46, no. 6 (June 15, 2017): 908–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741143217714252.
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The study examined if significant dynamic and reciprocal relationships exist among the task-oriented managerial behaviours of headteachers, and how these behaviours specifically and jointly influence teachers’ retention intention. Out of the multistage sampled 350 schools, suitable questionnaires from 279 schools representing 558 questionnaires filled by teachers provided data on 279 headteachers. The analysis showed that headteachers’ problem-solving behaviour, clarifying behaviour and monitoring operations behaviour influenced their planning activities as leaders. The planning behaviour significantly predicted retention intention and had a significant mediating effect on the relationships between clarifying, monitoring, and problem- solving behaviours on one hand and teachers’ retention intention on the other. The implications of the study’s findings and future research directions are discussed.
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Seçer, Zarife, Nadir Çeliköz, Sezai Koçyiğit, Fahri Seçer, and Gökhan Kayılı. "Social Skills and Problem Behaviours of Children with Different Cognitive Styles Who Attend Preschool Education." Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 20, no. 1 (July 1, 2010): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/ajgc.20.1.91.
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AbstractThe study investigated whether social skills and problem behaviours of preschool children differ according to their cognitive styles. The sample group included 366 six-year-old children who attend preschools in Konya. Form A of the Kansas Reflection-Impulsivity Scale for Preschoolers (KRISP), developed by Wright (1971), was used to determine whether the participants had reflective or impulsive cognitive styles, while Preschool and Kindergarten Behaviour Scales (PKBS), developed by Merrell (2003), were used to evaluate social skills and problem behaviour dimensions. Results found that impulsive children were less efficient than reflective children in regards to their social cooperation and social interaction skills, and they exhibited more problem behaviours like self-centred/explosive behaviours, lack of attention/hyperactivity, antisocialism/aggression and social withdrawal.
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Harvey, Naomi, Peter Craigon, Stephen Shaw, Sarah Blott, and Gary England. "Behavioural Differences in Dogs with Atopic Dermatitis Suggest Stress Could Be a Significant Problem Associated with Chronic Pruritus." Animals 9, no. 10 (October 16, 2019): 813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9100813.
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Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a common allergic skin condition in dogs that causes chronic pruritus. The overall quality of life in dogs with cAD is known to be reduced, and human patients with pruritic conditions report significant psychological burdens from pruritus-induced stress, and atopic dermatitis is associated with significant psychopathological morbidities. We tested the hypothesis that dogs with cAD would display more problem behaviours that could be indicative of stress than would healthy controls. Behavioural data were gathered directly from owners using a validated dog behaviour questionnaire for 343 dogs with a diagnosis of cAD and 552 healthy controls, and scores were also provided for their dog’s pruritus severity. Regression modelling, controlling for potential confounding variables (age, sex, breed, neuter status or other health problem(s)) showed for the first time that pruritus severity in dogs with cAD was associated with increased frequency of behaviours often considered problematic, such as mounting, chewing, hyperactivity, coprophagia, begging for and stealing food, attention-seeking, excitability, excessive grooming, and reduced trainability. Whilst causality cannot be ascertained from this study, the behaviours that were associated with pruritus severity are redirected, self/environment-directed displacement behaviours, which are often considered indicative of stress. Further investigation is warranted, and stress reduction could be helpful when treating dogs with cAD.
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Smith, Susan, David Branford, Richard A. Collacott, Sally-Ann Cooper, and Catherine McGrother. "Prevalence and Cluster Typology of Maladaptive Behaviours in a Geographically Defined Population of Adults with Learning Disabilities." British Journal of Psychiatry 169, no. 2 (August 1996): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.169.2.219.
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BackgroundMaladaptive behaviours are frequently present in individuals with learning disabilities; however, their prevalence varies between studies and the aetiology, classification and most appropriate management of such behaviours remain unclear. The aims of the study were twofold: firstly to determine the prevalence of maladaptive behaviours, and secondly to develop a classification typology.MethodA population of 2202 adults with learning disabilities was surveyed to determine the prevalence of maladaptive behaviours. These were subjected on the basis of 13 behavioural characteristics to cluster analysis. The clusters were further examined in respect of secondary variables.ResultsOver 60% of individuals demonstrated the presence of at least one maladaptive behaviour and in 40% this problem was of either severe degree or frequent occurrence. Men were more likely to demonstrate physical aggression, property destruction, tantrums and verbal abuse than women. Although some severe maladaptive behaviours diminished with age, many persisted through all age groups. Six behavioural clusters were devised which demonstrated face validity and which differed in respect of demographic and developmental variables, and the prevalence of maladaptive habits and autistic symptoms.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate a high prevalence of maladaptive behaviours and ‘objectionable habits’ among people with learning disabilities. A classification of behavioural symptoms may be possible on the basis of symptom clusters.
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Amenuvor, Fortune Edem, Richard Basilisco, Henry Boateng, Kwan Soo Shin, Dohyun Im, and Kwasi Owusu-Antwi. "Salesforce output control and customer-oriented selling behaviours." Marketing Intelligence & Planning 40, no. 3 (February 18, 2022): 344–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mip-08-2021-0269.
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PurposeThis study sets out to empirically investigate the effect of salesforce output control on perceived job autonomy, customer-oriented selling behaviours and sales performance.Design/methodology/approachData are gathered from 704 salespeople and their visiting customers in Ghana. The hypotheses are tested using the structural equations modelling technique (SEM).FindingsAccording to the findings of the study, output control has a significant and positive impact on perceived job autonomy. It also discovers that perceived job autonomy improves both customer-directed problem solving and adaptive selling behaviours. Furthermore, the study finds that customer-directed problem solving and adaptive selling behaviours both improve sales performance. Moreover, the study uncovers that perceived job autonomy mediates the relationship between output control and customer-oriented selling behaviours, whereas both customer-oriented selling behaviours mediate the relationship between perceived job autonomy and sales performance.Practical implicationsThe current study provides both practical and theoretical insights into salesforce control dynamics, job autonomy, adaptive selling behaviour, customer-directed problem-solving behaviour and sales performance. The findings have important implications for sales organisations because they can assist sales managers in determining the best type of salesforce control systems to deploy and highlight the strategic role job autonomy plays in enhancing sales performance.Originality/valueThe current study shows how output control can influence salespeople's perceived job autonomy, adaptive selling and customer-directed problem-solving behaviours, and how these can improve sales performance.
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Smirnov, Alexander, and Tatiana Levashova. "Scenario model of intelligent decision support based user digital life models." Information and Control Systems, no. 4 (September 13, 2021): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31799/1684-8853-2021-4-47-60.
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Introduction. In the decision support domain, the practice of using information from user digital traces has not been widespread so far. Earlier, the authors of this paper developed a conceptual framework of intelligent decision support based on user digital life models that was aimed at recommending decisions using information from the user digital traces. The present research is aiming at the development of a scenario model that implements this framework. Purpose: the development of a scenario model of intelligent decision support based on user digital life models and an approach to grouping users with similar preferences and decision-making behaviours. Results: A scenario model of intelligent decision support based on user digital life models has been developed. The model is intended to recommend to the user decisions based on the knowledge about the user decision-maker type, decision support problem, and problem domain. The scenario model enables to process incompletely formulated problems due to taking into account the preferences of users who have preferences and decision-making behaviour similar to the active user. An approach to grouping users with similar preferences and decision-making behaviours has been proposed. The approach enables to group users with similar preferences and decision-making behaviours based on the information about user behavioural segments that exist in various domains, behavioural segmentation rules, and user actions represented in their digital life models. Practical relevance: the research results are beneficial for the development of advanced recommendation systems expected to tracking digital traces.
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Dillenburger, Karola, and Michael Keenan. "Dealing with child problem behaviours effectively." Child Care in Practice 1, no. 3 (January 1995): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13575279508412864.
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Seven, Serdal, Zeynep Deniz Seven, and Ismail Isik. "Examination of social interactions by problem behaviours (13 years of longitudinal research)." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 7, no. 1 (July 2, 2020): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v7i1.4876.
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In this study, social interaction situations of adolescents who were identified as having either high or low problem behaviours (LPB) were investigated. Previously, the Teacher Form of Social Skill Rating System scale was applied to 110 children when they were 6 years old. Accordingly, among these participants, there were 26 adolescents who were 19-year old and were available to become participants of this study. In this study, eight adolescents were interviewed in order to investigate their social interactions based on the previous examination of problem behaviours at the highest or lowest level. Results show that the degree of problem behaviours determined at the age of six was the determinant in the current social interactions of these participants. It was observed that children who were defined with high problem behaviours experienced social breaks, insecurities and problems, whereas those with LPB showed better developed social relationships, such as being successful in coping with problems and having the feelings of trust and competence.
Keywords: Problem behaviours, externalising, internalising, early childhood, early adulthood.
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Skoog, Therése, Håkan Stattin, Zdena Ruiselova, and Metin Özdemir. "Female pubertal timing and problem behaviour." International Journal of Behavioral Development 37, no. 4 (July 2013): 357–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025413486761.
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We tested the peer-socialization/contextual-amplification explanation for the link between early female puberty and problem behaviour. We propose that in cultures with high tolerance for adolescent heterosexual involvement, early puberty should be linked with problem behaviour—not in other cultures. We compared girls in two cultures (Slovakia and Sweden) that differ in acceptance of adolescent girls’ heterosexual involvement. Findings supported the hypothesis by showing that in Sweden, a culture that facilitates adolescent heterosexual involvement, early-maturing girls reported more problem behaviours than in Slovakia. The mediation link (heterosexual involvement as the mechanism linking early puberty with problem behaviour) was moderated by culture. The findings expand our understanding of the role of macro-cultural contexts in the developmental significance of female puberty.
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Chawla, Gaurav, Peter Lugosi, and Rebecca Hawkins. "Factors Influencing Hospitality Employees’ Pro-Environmental Behaviours toward Food Waste." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (July 22, 2022): 9015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159015.
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Food waste remains an ongoing problem in hotel operations, and changing employees’ behaviour is key to tackling this issue. Analysing the influences on employees’ working practices can help to drive pro-environmental behaviour changes that reduce food waste, thus supporting the UN’s SDG 12: ensuring responsible consumption and production patterns. This study used the theory of planned behaviour as its theoretical framework and empirical data generated through participant observation, analysis of organisational documents, and semi-structured interviews in luxury hotels to examine waste drivers among employees. The findings suggest that hotel workers adopt a rational rather than moral lens toward food waste. Moreover, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control strongly influence intentions to perform pro-environmental behaviours. Positive attitudes and strong subjective norms propel employees toward pro-environmental behaviours while a lack of perceived control acts as a constraining force.
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Breuer, K., M. E. M. Sutcliffe, J. T. Mercer, K. A. Rance, V. E. Beattie, I. A. Sneddon, and S. A. Edwards. "The effect of breed on the expression of adverse social behaviour in pigs." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2002 (2002): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175275620000689x.
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The performance of tail biting and other harmful social behaviours is a common problem on pig farms. Many risk factors relating to tail biting have been identified, but the problem remains intractable. One contributory factor may be the genetic makeup of pigs but, as with most pig behaviour, there has been little research into the genetic basis of its expression. The aim of the current experiment was to investigate the genetic component of harmful social behaviours, such as tail biting, by assessing breed differences in the predisposition to perform these behaviours.
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HOLLAND, A. J., J. E. WHITTINGTON, J. BUTLER, T. WEBB, H. BOER, and D. CLARKE. "Behavioural phenotypes associated with specific genetic disorders: evidence from a population-based study of people with Prader-Willi syndrome." Psychological Medicine 33, no. 1 (December 23, 2002): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291702006736.
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Background. Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder resulting in obesity, short stature, cryptorchidism, learning disabilities (mental retardation) and severe neonatal hypotonia. Associated with the syndrome are a number of behaviours that are sufficiently distinctive that the syndrome is considered to have a specific ‘behavioural phenotype’.Methods. Through multiple sources we attempted to identify all people with PWS living in one region in the UK. This cohort was augmented by people with PWS from other regions, and a contrast group of people with learning disabilities of varied aetiologies. The main carers were interviewed, using structured and semi-structured interview schedules, to establish the presence and severity of specific behaviours, and PWS diagnostic criteria. The intellectual functioning and attainments of all were determined. Blood samples were obtained for genetic diagnosis from all consenting participants.Results. Although excessive eating was recognized as a potentially severe problem in those with PWS, it was almost universally controlled by food restriction, and therefore not seen as a ‘problem behaviour’. Those with PWS differed from a learning disabled group of other aetiologies in the prevalence rates of skin picking, temper tantrums, compulsive behaviours and mood fluctuations, and also in the profile of their adaptive behaviours.Conclusions. The study confirms the distinct behavioural phenotype of PWS. Specific behaviours occurred significantly more frequently in PWS, compared with an age and BMI matched learning disabled comparison group. A factor analysis of the behaviours involved resulted in three factors that we hypothesized to be independent, and to arise from different mechanisms.
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Christos, Chantalle, and Louise A. Buckley. "Canine behaviour medicine in UK small animal practice." Veterinary Nurse 13, no. 1 (February 2, 2022): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/vetn.2022.13.1.4.
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Despite the advancements in the field of veterinary behaviour medicine, problem behaviours remain a leading cause for canine relinquishment and euthanasia in the UK and so should be of concern to veterinary professionals. This review aimed to critically evaluate the literature on the perceptions of the veterinary care team, including the veterinary practitioner and the veterinary nurse, of their roles in canine behaviour medicine. Additionally, the review discussed barriers to the delivery of behavioural medicine in practice and subsequently examined the benefits of applying a behaviour-centered approach to care. Despite revisions to the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons curricula, inadequate behavioural training during undergraduate studies was identified as a primary barrier to the provision of behaviour support in practice by veterinarians and veterinary nurses. Furthermore, veterinary professionals frequently identified a lack of time to discuss, educate and diagnose behavioural problems. However, should the barriers to the provision of behavioural medicine be addressed, current literature suggests that the benefits of applying behaviour medicine to practice may include financial growth for the practice, workplace safety, improved perception from clients and ultimately improved animal welfare.
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Farrelly, Simone, Christine Ffrench, Rowan P. Ogeil, and James G. Phillips. "Coping Strategies and Problem Gambling." Behaviour Change 24, no. 1 (March 1, 2007): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.24.1.14.
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AbstractIn DSM-IV, problem gambling is associated with symptoms such as escape, denial, and chasing. However, these symptoms could actually be underlying coping strategies that contribute to the problems associated with gambling behaviour. To address relationships between coping strategies and gambling problems, 65 participants (37 males and 28 females) with a mean age of 37 completed the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), and questionnaires addressing coping strategies, mood states, and dissociative experiences. Specific subscales addressing coping strategies relevant to DSM-IV symptoms were examined, namely Distancing, Escape-Avoidance and Confrontative Coping. Although fantasy and denial feature in the behaviours of problem gamblers, dissociative tendencies were only indirectly linked to problem gambling status. Instead, problem gambling status was related to depression and greater tendencies towards Confrontative Coping and Distancing. The present data demonstrates several distinct factors associated with gambling problems and suggests confrontation could have a role in problem gambling.
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Didden, R., H. Korzilius, B. van Aperlo, C. van Overloop, and M. de Vries. "Sleep problems and daytime problem behaviours in children with intellectual disability." Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 46, no. 7 (October 2002): 537–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2788.2002.00404.x.
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Worthington, Rachel. "Trauma Informed Additional – Programme." Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 1, no. 1 (March 9, 2015): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-12-2014-0007.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the ways in which trauma may manifest both in terms of internalising and externalising symptoms. Design/methodology/approach – The paper will argue that the effects of trauma can contribute to victims engaging in problematic behaviours (such as aggression) both towards themselves and others which may require them to attend treatment programmes to target these problem behaviours. However, standard interventions designed to target these problem behaviours do not sufficiently take into account the effects of trauma in terms of attending to the therapy interfering behaviours which are brought to treatment. The paper will argue that these trauma related therapy interfering behaviours should be attended to prior to the client engaging in specific groups to target other problem behaviours (e.g. aggression). Findings – Clients who are referred for standard group based interventions to target problem behaviours such as aggression towards themselves or others should be offered a trauma intervention first in order to improve concentration, reduce drop-out rates and enhance feelings of safety to engage effectively in the group. Group based Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) should be used as a method of targeting therapy interfering behaviours associated with the effects of trauma and this should also incorporate meditation and neurobiologically informed approaches. Standard target problem behaviour groups should be adapted and modified to account for the role of trauma in information processing. Originality/value – The paper will introduce Trauma Informed Additional – Programme (TIA-P) which is a newly designed group designed to assist clients to tolerate and modify therapy interfering behaviours which are present as a result of trauma in order that they can then go on to attend standardised interventions. The TIA-P attends to the latest research in relation to the treatment of trauma utilising EMDR within the group to enhance safety and reduce therapy interfering behaviours.
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Niewiadomska, Iwona, Rafał P. Bartczuk, Joanna Chwaszcz, Stanisław Fel, Weronika Augustynowicz, Agnieszka Palacz-Chrisidis, and Michał Wiechetek. "Religiosity as a factor protecting against problem behaviour in adolescence." Journal for Perspectives of Economic Political and Social Integration 21, no. 1-2 (December 1, 2015): 63–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pepsi-2015-0003.
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Abstract This article explores the question, to what degree religiosity contributes, as a protecting factor against a broad category of socially deviant adolescent and youth behaviours. It also tests the hypothesis that gender plays a moderating role in the relationship between religiosity and problem behaviour. It employs a modified version of the Problem Behaviour Syndrome Measure (PBSM), in concert with Jessor and Jessor’s conceptual work. It also makes use of the Duke Religion Index (DUREL) to assess religiosity. The empirical study deals with a representative group of 960 students of upper-secondary schools in the Lubelskie province, Poland. The results were analyzed using canonical analysis and ANOVA. The achievements of the article are twofold. First, it identifies significant correlations between the different levels of religiosity among youth, and the occurrence and intensification of problem behaviours, particularly in regard to organized activity. Organized and intrinsic religiosity play principal protective roles, while the impact of personal religious practices is less significant. Secondly, while analyzing the moderating role of gender in the relationship between religiosity and the intensity of problem behaviour, it was found that gender does not have a significant interactive impact. An affirmative conclusion was confirmed in only two instances.
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Mishkulynets, Olena O., Nadiya Y. Bryzhak, and Kateryna O. Doktor. "INFLUENCE OF NEGATIVE BEHAVIOR OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN ON EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY AS A PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL PROBLEM." Scientific Notes of Ostroh Academy National University: Psychology Series 1 (January 28, 2021): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2415-7384-2021-12-51-56.
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Today, the number of children whose behavior is contrary to social, moral, and legal norms in society is increasing. The article consideredthat understanding the mechanisms of formation of behavioural disorders will contribute to the introduction on this basis of the preventive component in the pedagogical process at all levels of education. Particular attention is paid to the problem of negative behaviour among younger pupils, because the main stereotypes of behaviour are laid down at this age. It has been shown that the problem faced by primary school teachers is the formation of certain behaviours in children to improve the performance of pupils who lag behind in learning. The question of the relationship between the behaviour and success of junior high school pupils in learning is especially relevant. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the features of negative behaviour and its impact on the educational activities of primary school children. To test the methodological effectiveness, it had been studied and analysedseveral scientific papers on specific issues. Methods of research used: theoretical: analysis of scientific literature, generalization, classification (for clarification of key concepts of research), systematisation, grouping (for conceptualisation of the main provisions of the study). The results of the study substantiate and specify the factors on which the manifestations of behavioural disorders depend, analyse the psychological characteristics of children of this age, clarify the pedagogical conditions by which to ensure the preventive nature of raising children with negative behaviours; the theoretical bases of the process to prevent negative manifestations of behaviour in junior schoolchildren are revealed. The factors of negative behaviourhave been singled out. It has been noted that negative behaviour influences the educational activity of students. It has been established that the problem of negative behaviour should be considered in the plane of personal development of the child and the formation of her social behaviour. It has been noted that the understanding of behavioural mechanisms in children helps not only to identify the causes of deviations in behaviour, but also to find means of influence, to determine the main directions of psychological and pedagogical correction in behaviour. Attention is drawn to the need for preventive work and pedagogical correction in the behaviour of the emerging personality at all levels of education. It is stated that negative behaviour leads to the formation of persistent behavioural disorders that prevent the pupil’s success in learning as a necessary condition for the development of the child’s personality. Further prospects of the study include the study of the peculiarities of the manifestation and conditions of negative behaviour of primary school agechildren.
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Halls, Vicky. "Tools for managing feline problem behaviours: Owner understanding and involvement." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 20, no. 11 (October 30, 2018): 1015–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x18806758.
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Practical relevance: Good communication skills are at the heart of best practice for veterinarians and behaviourists (be they veterinarians/nurses/technicians with specialist behaviour training and qualifications or clinical animal behaviourists). Hence gaining an understanding of how to engage clients to become involved in their pets’ treatment, both medical and behavioural, is relevant to all who work in this field. Clinical challenges: Poor communication skills can be responsible for owners’ lack of compliance regarding both medical treatment and implementation of behavioural protocols. Evidence base: Much of the evidence-based information on effective communication comes from the fields of human psychology and psychotherapy, human medicine and business, with only a limited amount coming from the veterinary field. Therefore, some opinions expressed in this article are based on the author’s experience of treating cases in a cat-specific behaviour referral practice over the past 20 years and her work as a humanistic counsellor. Audience: Any veterinarians, veterinary nurses or technicians who are involved in the diagnosis or treatment of problem feline behaviour in practice would benefit from knowledge of what promotes and also hinders owner understanding and involvement.
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Martin, Andrew J., Ken W. Linfoot, and Jennifer Stephenson. "Problem Behaviour and Associated Risk Factors in Young Children." Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 15, no. 1 (July 1, 2005): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/ajgc.15.1.1.
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AbstractThere is increasing concern about the number of preschool children displaying problem behaviour. This study examines the relative contribution of potential risk factors, particularly those related to families, to problem behaviour in the lives of a sample of western Sydney three- to five-year-old children. Problem behaviour was assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach & Edelbrock, 1991), encompassing measures of anxious, depressed, uncommunicative, obsessive, somatic complaint, social withdrawal, hyperactive, aggressive, and delinquent behaviours. Particularly salient risk factors associated with problem behaviour were found to be children's behaviour when very young (an indicant of temperament), personal stress in parents associated with concerns about the family and economic worries, and parenting characterised by guilt and anxiety.
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Tustin, R. Don. "Functional Analyses of Challenging Behaviours of Two People with Intellectual Disability." Behaviour Change 10, no. 1 (March 1993): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900005799.
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Carers observed problem behaviours of two people with intellectual disability in natural settings. Data recorded on Antecedent-Behaviour-Consequence (A-B-C) charts were analysed quantitatively by calculating the relative likelihoods of each target behaviour occurring in different situations. Functional analyses were conducted, and individualised interventions were based on these. In one case, a client behaved differently in different situations. Interventions were introduced to teach the client to emit a different prosocial behaviour in each situation. The second client behaved similarly in two situations, suggesting that the behaviours were functionally equivalent for the client. The behaviours of both clients were interpreted as attention seeking behaviours as both antecedents and consequences involved the provision of attention by carers. However different interventions were used in the two cases, and were effective in reducing target behaviours both immediately and in follow-ups.
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Garton, Alison F., Stephen R. Zubrick, and Sven R. Silburn. "The Western Australian Child Health Survey: A review of what was found and what was learned." Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 15, no. 1 (May 1998): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0816512200027838.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe Western Australian Child Health Survey (WACHS) surveyed 4- to 16-year-olds and their families. In a pilot study of 189 households, one in five children reported mental health prob1ems.A clinical calibration trial confirmed a link between morbidity on the Child Behaviour Checklist and DSM-III-R diagnosis in clinical interview. In the main study of 1462 households, one in six young people showed at least one mental health problem. Adolescent risk behaviours were associated with developmental coping issues and some behavioural problems. Poor parental health and mental health and some school environments were factors related to adverse health outcomes for young people.