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1
Croydon, Robert Henry. "Patronage, power and probity : accountability and aspiration in publicly funded development." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/99832/.
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The research examines actions and relationships described as patronage which have contributed to the development of architecture and the built environment. In so doing it first seeks to identify the characteristics that have defined such patronage historically. It then moves to examine whether such characteristics could be identified in the promotion and execution of publicly funded projects in the modern day. The focus on aspirational forms of development which relied upon the commitment of public resources allowed the following proposition to be more fully tested. That is that the forms of patronage evidenced historically cannot be replicated in a democratic polity like contemporary Britain for reasons which include current requirements relating to the exercise of probity in management and public office. As an inevitable consequence of the universal franchise and wider democratic accountability those commissioning public works do not then enjoy the relative autonomy exercised by those described as patrons historically. A case study research strategy was adopted and undertaken focussing on major publicly funded developments in Cardiff between 1986 and 2006. Those, expressly or implicitly, aspired to the creation of places which would embody symbolic or cultural capital. Among the factors examined are the impartiality required of bureaucracies and political pressures for public bodies to prioritise quantifiable short-term outputs over less tangible longer-term assessment of environmental qualities. Other countervailing forces considered are prevailing economic conditions and market forces, which are similarly short-term, the cultural climate and public support for such development. The conclusions of the research then question the extent to which actions and relationship described as patronage can be the effective means of realising publicly funded urban development of notable quality.
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Bavitot, Alexis. "Les manquements au devoir de probité : étude critique de l'internationalisation du droit pénal." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3037.
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Le Code pénal consacre au sein de son Livre IV une section intitulée « Des manquements au devoir de probité », héritage de l’ancienne forfaiture. La catégorie n’a cessé d’évoluer au plan interne, appuyé par le droit pénal international, puisque ce ne sont pas moins de six conventions pénales qui l’influencent aujourd’hui. Il en ressort un véritable foisonnement normatif qui repose pour l’essentiel sur l’incrimination. Son étude méthodique permet d’observer un droit pénal arraché de son ultima ratio, mettant à mal sa fonction dissuasive. La pédagogie du Code pénal est également atteinte à l’heure où les manquements visés n’annoncent plus clairement ce qu’ils répriment. Dans ce contexte, depuis 2013, le législateur a fait de l’exemplarité la toile de fond des manquements au devoir de probité. Au-delà de l’affichage individuel, le travail de recherche invite à s’interroger sur la mise en œuvre d’une telle fonction par le droit pénal. Un « manquement » a une connotation morale plus forte que la violation d’une règle juridique. Un « devoir » suppose une règle plus sociale qu’une simple obligation. C’est dire que la répression entend punir un « faire-valoir », pour donner une consistance à la chose publique dans laquelle la société croit et dont les personnes exerçant une fonction publique sont les gardiens. Ces incriminations moralisatrices resserrées autour d’une responsabilité pénale à fondement social permettent de faire apparaître la pénalité sous un nouveau jour. En se recentrant sur son application, la thèse redécouvre ainsi la fonction d’exemplarité du droit pénalBook IV of the Criminal Code is devoted to a section entitled « Failures in the duty of probity », formerly referred to in French law as « forfaiture », i.e. serious abuse of office. This category has constantly evolved in domestic law, under the influence of international criminal law, since today it is concerned by no fewer than six criminal law conventions. The result is a veritable proliferation of legislation based mainly on the creation of offences. Its systematic review reveals criminal law torn from its ultima ratio, undermining its dissuasive function. The educational aspect of the Criminal Code is also diminished when it is no longer clear what is repressed in the targeted failures. In this context, since 2013, legislation has set failures in the duty of probity against the backdrop of exemplarity. Going beyond an individual stand, this research invites us to question such an approach by criminal law. « Failure » has a moral undertone greater than the breach of a legal rule. A « duty » implies a rule more social than a simple obligation. This means that repression intends punishing a « foil », which, by contrast, gives substance to the public good in which society believes and for which individuals performing a public function are the guardians. These moralising regulations to punish defined offenses, based on the notion of socially-founded criminal responsibility, allow the penalty to be seen in a new light. By refocusing on its application, the analysis thus rediscovers the function of exemplarity in criminal law
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Nyu, S. M. "Administrative probity and public accountability : an analytical study of administrative corruption, maladministration and institutional arrangements for administrative control in Kaduna State, Nigeria." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279261.
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Laver, John Poynton, and n/a. "The Public Accounts Committee: pursuing probity and effeciency in the Australian Public Service: the origins, work, nature and purpose of the Commonwealth's Public Accounts Committee." University of Canberra. Management, 1997. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050621.150413.
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The Commonwealth parliament's Public Accounts Committee (PAC) was established
in 1913 and to the end of 1995 had produced 397 reports on government expenditure
and administration, with almost all its recommendations implemented by government.
However despite the Committee's prominence among the instruments parliament
has used to oversight the executive, not only does it lack clear legislative authority
for major areas of its activities but its specific purpose is not defined in its legislation.
Among other things the latter omission renders proper evaluation of the PAC's
effectiveness impossible, as objectives are a necessary prerequisite to assessment.
This thesis establishes the de facto purpose of the Committee by tracing the
development of standing public accounts committees generally, and by analysing
the PAC's work as shown by its output of tabled reports.
In that development, six evolutionary phases are identified:
the PAC's roots in the move to a parliamentary control of the administration of
government expenditure in Britain from the 1780s;
its genesis in the 1850s with the concept of the standing public accounts
committee, to be concerned with regularity and probity in government
expenditure;
its origins in the establishment of the British standing public accounts committee ,
in 1861, stressing high standards of government accounting, audit and reporting;
its establishment in the Commonwealth, concentrating on information on
departmental activities, efficient implementation of government programs and
provision of policy advice;
its re-establishment in 1951, stressing parliamentary control of government
financial administration; and
its operations from 1980, pressing for economic fundamentalist change in the
public sector.
Their output shows that in these phases the committees concerned displayed
characteristic standing public accounts committee activism and independence in
utilising the wording of their enabling documentation to adapt themselves to changes
in their environment by pursuing a corresponding different mix of one or more of
the following concurrent immediate aims:
ensuring adequate systems of government accounting, audit and reporting;
ensuring probity and regularity in departmental expenditure;
obtaining and disseminating information on departmental activities;
ensuring high standards of departmental administration and management;
providing policy advice to executive government; and
ensuring economic, efficient and effective government spending.
Together these attributes and practices have made the PAC a parliamentary instrument
of unequalled flexibility with a single continuing underlying aim - a purpose not
concerning the public accounts per se, but directed at achieving high standards of
management and administration in government by calling the Commonwealth's public
service to account for its expenditure and activities.
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Puydebois, Grégori. "La transparence de la vie publique en France." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0237/document.
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La transparence de la vie publique correspond à un corpus de règles contraignantes visant à renouer la confiance entre les citoyens et les responsables publics. En outre, la notion de transparence se trouve quasi naturellement associée par la doctrine à l’idéal démocratique. L’analyse du droit positif montre que la transparence de la vie publique a élargi significativement le droit de la probité des responsables publics en développant une approche complémentaire de l’arsenal répressif préexistant. En trente ans, la législation a évolué dans le sens d’une plus grande effectivité. Cependant, elle présente encore de nombreuses insuffisances, particulièrement en matière de contrôle du financement de la vie politique. Par ailleurs, le potentiel démocratique de la transparence s’avère inexploité. La transparence de la vie publique n’entraîne pas de rééquilibrage entre les pouvoirs et fait une place marginale aux citoyens. Le législateur et le juge constitutionnel ne lui reconnaissent pas une valeur constitutionnelle. De plus, sa contribution à la garantie des droits politiques essentiels à la démocratie parlementaire reste mesurée. En revanche, le principe de séparation des pouvoirs et certains droits fondamentaux limitent considérablement la portée des contrôles sur les responsables publics et font obstacles à la transparenceTransparency in public life refers to a set of restrictive rules designed for restoring trust between citizens and public leaders. Moreover, transparency is naturally associated to the democratic ideal. Analysis in positive law shows transparency in public life significantly broadens probity rules for politicians and public leaders as it develops a complementary approach to pre-existing repressive rules. For thirty years, statutes have evolved to a better efficiency. Nevertheless, they are still not enough, especially regarding controls over political funding. In addition, the transparency democratic potential has been neglected. Transparency in politics does not refund the balance between powers and only gives a marginal role for citizens. Both Parliament and Constitutional judge do not recognise it as a constitutional value. Furthermore, their contributions to guarantee political rights in a parliamentary democracy are moderate. Finally, the separation of powers and some fundamental rights limit substantially the reach of controls over public leaders
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Zhu, Liyu. "Discrete Brand Choice Models: Analysis and Applications." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007, 2007. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-07102007-142035/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.Esogbue, Augustine, Committee Chair ; Griffin, Paul, Committee Member ; Lu, Jye-Chyi (JC), Committee Member ; Li, MinQiang, Committee Member ; McCarthy, Patrick, Committee Member.
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Ligero, Gilberto Notário. "Sanções processuais por improbidade na execução civil." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2014. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6660.
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Previous issue date: 2014-12-03This thesis has as its object the procedural sanctions for misconduct in civil enforcement. The methodological approach, observing the concentration area of the program is given by the fact that currently the executive activity, represented by the execution of a sentence or the autonomous process execution, is considered essential to the effectiveness of judicial protection . What happens is that some factors have influenced the performance of this type of lawsuit. Among the factors is the disrespect, strong and steady, the duties of procedural fairness in executive screen. The attacks on the dignity of Justice earn several ways: disrespect for the court order to indicate the goods are seized, the challenge and fulfillment of sentence manifestly dilatory embargoes, fraud enforcement, disposition of property seized, bringing undue executions, abuse of the right of registration certificate of the distribution of execution, etc. To sanction the creditor and the debtor, the system adopts the protective-repressive pattern of conduct discouraging, materializing through the fines and the obligation to repair damage. The legislature of little worth premiais sanction measures whose purpose is to promote encouraging conduct. By analyzing the structure of the disciplinary system in CPC / 73, it appears that the same is not meeting your functional expectations: to punish and educate. The revisiting of concepts and ideas is essential to building a new concept of procedural sanction, based on constructivist pedagogical interactionism. This new ideal penalty is established because of the need for transformation of the procedural subjects pipelines. In most, sees the need to expand the list of penalties, turning the research at this point for the implementation of restrictive measures of rights, which are sparse in the legislation. Thus defends the imposition of such sanctions as atypical modes in addition to the typical. The judge with their explicit and implicit powers and duties can take advantage of these measures. Given the normative principle of proportionality, by variants of the necessity and appropriateness, the judge can apply them, without, however, undermining fundamental rights. In addition to the restrictive sanctions, the system needs to incorporate positive measures (premiais), to meet their ends, so that makes the proposal of a prize for those who litigarem responsibly. It is proposed for the effective adoption of these measures, a bill changer law of the CPC. Then defends the idea in the sense that a significant structural change must occur in the sanctioning system, for that unfair and bad faith practices are transformed into probas practices. The deductive method is with the use of technical analysis of relevant literature and case law related to
A presente tese tem como objeto as sanções processuais por improbidade na execução civil. O recorte metodológico,observando-se a área de concentração do programa, se dá pelo fato de que, atualmente, a atividade executiva, representada pela execução de sentença ou pelo processo autônomo de execução, é considerada essencial para a efetividade da tutela jurisdicional. Ocorre que, alguns fatores têm influenciado no bom desempenho dessa modalidade de processo judicial. Entre os fatores está o desrespeito, acentuado e contínuo, aos deveres de probidade processual na tela executiva. Os atentados à dignidade da Justiça ganham várias formas: desrespeito à ordem judicial para indicação de bens à serem penhorados, impugnação ao cumprimento de sentença e embargos manifestamente protelatórios, fraudes à execução, alienação de bens penhorados, propositura de execuções indevidas, abuso do direito de averbação da certidão de distribuição da execução, etc. Para sancionar o exequente e o executado, o sistema adota o padrão protetivorepressivo, desencorajador de condutas, materializando-o por meio das multas e pela obrigação de reparar danos. O legislador pouco se vale das medidas sancionatórias premiais, cuja finalidade é promover condutas encorajadoras. Por meio da análise da estrutura do sistema sancionatório no CPC/73, verifica-se que o mesmo não vem atendendo às suas expectativas funcionais: punir e educar. A revisitação de conceitos e ideias torna-se essencial, para a construção de um novo conceito de sanção processual, baseado no interacionismo construtivista pedagógico. Esse novo ideal sancionatório se estabelece por conta da necessidade de transformação das condutas dos sujeitos processuais. No mais, vislumbra-se a necessidade de ampliar o rol de sanções, voltando-se a pesquisa, neste ponto, para a implementação das medidas restritivas de direitos, que se encontram na legislação esparsa. Defende-se, assim, a imposição destas sanções como modalidades atípicas em complemento às típicas. O juiz com seus poderes-deveres explícitos e implícitos pode se valer destas medidas. Atendendo ao postulado normativo da proporcionalidade, por suas variantes da necessidade e da adequação, o juiz pode aplicá-las, sem, contudo, atentar contra direitos fundamentais. Além das sanções restritivas, o sistema precisa incorporar medidas positivas (premiais), para atender seus fins, tanto que se faz a proposta de um prêmio para aqueles que litigarem com responsabilidade. Propõe-se, para a efetiva adoção destas medidas, um projeto de lei alterador do CPC. Defende-se, então, a ideia no sentido de que deve ocorrer uma sensível mudança estrutural no sistema sancionatório, para que as práticas abusivas e de má-fé sejam transformadas em práticas probas. O método de é o dedutivo, com o emprego das técnicas de análise da bibliografia especializada e da jurisprudência relacionada ao tema
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Beraldo, Maria Carolina Silveira. "O comportamento dos sujeitos processuais como obstáculo à razoável duração do processo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2137/tde-30042013-154154/.
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A lentidão processual é um indicador de ineficiência da justiça e também uma de suas causas. A normal duração dos processos cíveis está comprometida por uma série de fatores, tais como o aumento da litigiosidade, a falta de infraestrutura dos órgãos judiciários e insuficiente utilização das novas tecnologias da informação, a deficiente formação dos juízes e advogados e, particularmente, a falta de efetiva repressão às más condutas dos sujeitos processuais. Este trabalho tem por escopo identificar as condutas processuais irregulares causadoras ou contributivas para a morosidade e traçar parâmetros objetivos para sua repressão. Para tanto, foram estudados os principais aspectos relativos ao comportamento abusivo dos sujeitos processuais que violam o direito à razoável duração do processo e trazem prejuízos processuais e extraprocessuais, tanto às partes envolvidas no litígio, quanto à dignidade da jurisdição. O trabalho busca demonstrar, portanto, que ética, compromisso e cooperação são peçaschave na solução do intrincado problema da lentidão processual e que, para resolvê-lo, não são necessárias alterações legislativas: a adequada aplicação dos atuais mecanismos repressores das condutas iníquas, à luz desses valores, é suficiente para a garantia da razoável duração do processo.The slowness of judicial procedures is a symptom of the inefficiency of justice and is also one of its causes. The usual duration of civil proceedings is jeopardized by a number of factors, such as the increase in litigiousness, the lack of infrastructure of the judiciary bodies and insufficient use of the new information technologies, the deficient educational level of judges and lawyers, and particularly the absence of an effective repression to abusive conducts of the parties to a lawsuit. The scope of this paper is to identify the improper procedural practices that give rise or contribute to the slowness of justice and to establish objective parameters to repress it. For such purpose, a study was performed on the main aspects related to abusive practices carried out by the litigants, which infringe the right to a reasonable length of proceedings, and bring about an adverse effect in court and out of court, both to the parties involved in the litigation and to the dignity of the jurisdiction. Therefore, the paper searches to demonstrate that ethics, commitment, and cooperation are key components to the solution of the intricate problem of procedural slowness, and that no legislative amendments are required to solve it: in light of such values, the proper application of the existing repressive mechanisms for inequitable conducts is sufficient to guarantee the reasonable length of court proceedings.
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Ziegler, Andreas. "Simuliertes klassisches Schätzen und Testen in Mehrperioden-Mehralternativen-Probitmodellen /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB9030594.
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Bojanovská, Hana. "Probit analýza a její teoretické vlastnosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228868.
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The diploma thesis deals with a theoretical description and practical use of probit analysis, which is a part of survival analysis. The thesis shows different probit models, their differences and appropriateness on analised data. The used data belong to the molecular diagnostic area and are provided by Genex CZ company. The result is an analysis of probit analysis output data from Minitab 14 software. The thesis was supported by project from MSMT of the Czech Republic no. 1M06047 Center for Quality and Reliability of Production.
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Domingos, Ana Maria Basílio Cabral. "A pobreza dos idosos em Portugal : um modelo explicativo." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/7676.
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Mestrado em Economia e Políticas PúblicasO presente trabalho teve por objetivo identificar os fatores que concorrem para que alguns indivíduos na terceira idade se encontrem em situação de pobreza. Mais concretamente, pretendeu-se identificar o perfil socioeconómico de pessoas em situação de pobreza através de um modelo explicativo probit, que estimasse o peso de vários fatores para a referida situação. Porque em Portugal, mais concretamente em zonas rurais, existe uma forte componente de autoconsumo, entrámos em linha de conta com as linhas de pobreza monetária e não-monetária. Esta caracterização é feita a partir do Inquérito às Despesas das Famílias IDEF 2010/2011. O modelo revelou o impacto na probabilidade de se ser pobre (em termos monetários e totais) de variaveis como o nível de ensino do idoso, a sua idade, tipo de ADP onde se encontra inserido, localização rural/ urbana e fonte mais frequente de rendimento. Foram ainda discutidas as implicações do modelo para políticas sociais de apoio.
The present study had the aim to indentify the factors associated to poverty in the elderly. More precisely, we intended to indentify the socioeconomic profile of people in poverty situation through a probit model, capable of estimating the weight of various factors for the referred situation. Because in Portugal, more specifically, in rural areas, there is a strong component o autoconsumption, we took into account the monetray and non-monetary poverty lines. This characterization was made using the Housing Buget Survey 2010/2011. The model revealed an impact on the probability of being poor (in terms of monetary and total income) of variables such as education, age, type of household, and main type of income. We also discuss the implications of the model for social policies.
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Lima, Sabrina Vieira. "Economia e felicidade: um estudo empírico dos determinantes da felicidade no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96131/tde-15052007-142028/.
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Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a influência de possíveis determinantes empíricos na felicidade dos brasileiros. Os determinantes considerados foram estado civil, idade, escolaridade, sexo, região, religião, etnia, renda, posição relativa da renda, desemprego, probabilidade de desemprego para indivíduos empregados e probabilidade de emprego para indivíduos desempregados. Estes determinantes foram utilizados no modelo de probit ordenado para a estimação da felicidade. Para isso foram utilizados os dados disponibilizados pelo World Values Survey para os anos de 1991 e 1997. Os resultados obtidos mostram a variável renda como altamente significativa para a determinação da felicidade. Ela esteve presente nos resultados de quase todas as estimações realizadas. A variável posição relativa da renda, apesar de não ter sido significativa para explicar a felicidade apresentou uma relação positiva com a felicidade (quanto maior a renda de um indivíduo perante seus semelhantes, melhor tende a ser sua posição frente a eles, o que contribui positivamente para sua felicidade). O desemprego também se mostrou quase sempre presente. Essa variável se mostrou mais significativa na determinação da felicidade do que as variáveis que relacionam desemprego com probabilidade de emprego e emprego com probabilidade de desemprego. Casamento, em geral, é um importante determinante na felicidade dos brasileiros (o que confirma os dados encontrados em muitos outros países), comparativamente aos demais estados civis. As mulheres são menos felizes que os homens: apresentam uma relação negativa com a felicidade comparativamente aos homens. E por fim, as religiões católica e espírita (denominação deste trabalho para englobar religiões como candomblé, espiritismo e umbanda) possuem coeficiente negativo para a felicidade.The objective of this work is to analyze the influence of possible empirical determinants on Brazilian happiness. The determinants considered were: marital status age, education, gender, region, religion, ethnic description, income, relative position of income, unemployment, unemployment probability of employed individual, employment probability of unemployed individual. These determinants were used with ordered probit model to the happiness estimation. The study used the data from the World Social Survey for the years 1991 and 1997. The results show that income has a great significance on determining happiness. It was present in the results of almost all estimations done. The variable relative position of income although not significant to explain happiness showed a positive relation to happiness (the greatest is the income of an individual compared to his fellows the better tends to be his position compared to them, what contributes to his happiness). Unemployment also was present. This variable has demonstrated more significant than the ones that relate unemployment to probabilities of employment and employment to probabilities of unemployment. Being married in general is an important determinant of Brazilian happiness (that agrees to the results founded in many other countries) comparatively to the others marital status. Women are less happy than men: they presented a negative relation to happiness comparatively to men. Finely, the catholic and espírita religions (the last one considered in this work to represent religions like candomblé, espiritismo e umbanda) have negative coefficient to explain happiness.
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Briggs, Amanda C. "Probit and ordered probit analysis of the demand for fresh sweet corn." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0001185.
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Zoghbi, Ana Carolina Pereira. "Desigualdades sócio-econômicas na saúde: uma análise do Estado de São Paulo e do município de Ribeirão Preto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96131/tde-04012007-103039/.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar possíveis desigualdades sócio-econômicas na saúde no Estado de São Paulo e no Município de Ribeirão Preto. Os dados utilizados para São Paulo são provenientes da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) de 2003, realizada pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), e que apresenta características dos indivíduos e do domicílio. A base para Ribeirão Preto consiste em uma coorte desenvolvida pelo departamento de Puericultura e Pediatria de Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da USP no período de junho de 1978 a maio de 1979. Analisou-se a distribuição das variáveis relativas à saúde (doenças crônicas e auto-avaliação) entre quintis de renda. Adicionalmente, foram calculados Índices de Concentração de Saúde, cuja construção é semelhante a do Índice de Gini. Esse índice considera a proporção acumulada de determinada doença e a proporção acumulada da população, ordenada de forma crescente de acordo com a renda. Foram estimados também os impactos de algumas variáveis explicativas sobre a probabilidade de apresentar determinada doença ou de se auto-avaliar de determinada forma. Para o Estado de São Paulo consideraram-se como variáveis explicativas: escolaridade, sexo, cor e idade (todas variáveis dummy). Para Ribeirão Preto foram consideradas como variáveis explicativas: escolaridade, o fato de um dos pais apresentar a doença em questão, o fato de um dos pais apresentar alguma outra doença crônica, sexo e cor (todas variáveis dummy). O método de estimação utilizado para analisar o impacto sobre a probabilidade de apresentar dada doença foi o Probit. Já para auto-avaliação foi utilizado o Probit Ordenado. Os resultados para o Estado de São Paulo demonstraram, em sua maioria, desigualdade na saúde em favor dos ricos. Além disso, em geral, quanto maior a escolaridade menor a probabilidade de apresentar determinada doença. Em relação a Ribeirão Preto, os resultados não foram totalmente conclusivos, uma vez a quarta etapa da coorte apresentou indivíduos de 22 a 26 anos, cuja faixa etária apresenta pequena incidência de doenças crônicas. Todavia, notou-se que a saúde dos pais influencia na saúde dos filhos, tanto por meio de características transmitidas, quanto devido ao fato de que pais com saúde ruim não devem poder ter muitos gastos com a saúde dos filhos.The aim of this work was to evaluated eventual socio-economic health inequalities in State of São Paulo and Municipal District of Ribeirão Preto. The data related to São Paulo were obtained from the National Survey by Households Sampling (PNAD) of 2003, elaborated by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), which presents individual and household characteristics. The Ribeirão Preto database consists in a cohort developed by the Pediatrics and Puericulture Department of the Ribeirão Preto Medical School-USP in the period between June of 1978 and May of 1979. It was analyzed the distribution of the health variables (chronicle diseases and self-assessment) between quintiles of income. In addition, it were calculated Health Concentration Indexes, whose construction is similar to the Gini Indexes. This index considers the accumulated proportion of certain disease and the accumulated proportion of the population, ordered according to the income. It was also estimated the impacts of some explanatory variables on the probability of presenting certain disease or self-assessing in certain way. For the State of São Paulo it was considered as explanatory variables: education, gender, race and age (all dummy variables). For the Municipal District of Ribeirão Preto it was considered as explanatory variables: education, the fact that one of the parents has the disease, the fact that one of the parents has another chronicle disease, gender and race (all dummy variables). It was employed the Probit method to analyze the impact on the probability of presenting certain illness. For the self-assessment variable, the Ordered Probit method was employed. Generally, the results for the State of São Paulo showed inequality in benefit of the richest. Besides, in general, the higher the education the lower is the probability of having certain disease. In the case of Ribeirão Preto, the results weren?t totally conclusive, since the fourth stage of the cohort presented individuals between 22 and 26 years old, whose age class show little incidence of chronicle diseases. Nevertheless, one can note that the health of the parents influences the health of their sons. As for the fact that certain characteristics are passed on, as for the fact that ill parents should not have large expenses with the health of their sons.
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Voko, Sylvie. "Les atteintes à la probité." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D026/document.
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La probité relative aux devoirs envers autrui et aux devoirs de la vie civile, a pour synonyme le mot «intégrité» auquel s'attache l'idée particulière d'une pureté qui ne se laisse entamer ni corrompre. En ce qui concerne les atteintes à la probité, il convient d’appréhender la probité comme un devoir dont le manquement est pénalement sanctionné. En effet, le droit pénal français punit les manquements au devoir de probité qui sont généralement le fait de personnes exerçant des fonctions publiques. Ces incriminations se distinguent les unes des autres par leurs éléments constitutifs, leurs modalités d’accomplissement ou leurs finalités. Les atteintes à la probité méritent d’être étudiées compte tenu de la qualité singulière de leurs auteurs qui ne sont pas des délinquants ordinaires mais des représentants de la puissance publique.A travers cette étude des atteintes à la probité, nous tenterons de mettre en exergue l’importance considérable de ces infractions qui touchent à la puissance publique et la nécessité d’une répression accentuée destinée à sauvegarder les intérêts fondamentaux de la Nation, à prévenir les conflits d’intérêts, à moraliser la vie publique et à rappeler à l’ordre les personnes exerçant une fonction publique et soumises à l’exigence d’exemplaritéThe righteousness relative to the duties to others and to the duties of the civil life, has for synonym the word "integrity" to which becomes attached the particular idea of a purity which is allowed affect nor corrupt. As regards infringements on the righteousness, it is advisable to arrest the righteousness as a duty the breach of which is penally punished. Indeed, the French criminal law punishes the breaches in the duty of righteousness which are generally the fact of people holding public functions. These incriminations distinguish themselves some of the others by their constituent elements, their modalities of fulfillment or their ends. Infringements on the righteousness deserve to be studied considering the singular quality of their authors who are not ordinary delinquents but representatives of the public authorities. Through this study of infringements on the righteousness, we shall try to highlight the considerable importance of these breaches which affect the public authorities and the necessity of a stressed repression intended to protect the fundamental interests of the Nation, to prevent conflicts of interests, to moralize the public life and to call in to order the holding people a public function and subjected to the requirement of exemplary nature
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Albuquerque, André Massena de. "Sovereign credit rating mismatches." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12629.
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Mestrado em Economia Monetária e FinanceiraEste trabalho analisa que fatores, entre os determinantes de ratings soberanos encontrados na literatura, são responsáveis pelas diferenças entre os ratings de crédito soberanos de diferentes agências de rating, no período 1980-2015. Para tal, utilizaram-se modelos probit ordenados e simples de efeitos aleatórios com o objetivo de avaliar o poder explicativo de um conjunto de variáveis macroeconómicas e governamentais. Os resultados obtidos com os modelos estimados indicam que o saldo estrutural e a existência de um default nos últimos dez anos são as variáveis menos significativas enquanto o nível de dívida líquida, o saldo orçamental, o PIB per capita e a existência de um default nos últimos cinco anos são as variáveis que mais explicam as diferenças entre ratings de agências distintas.
In this work we study the factors, among the determinants of sovereign ratings found in the literature, leading to differences in sovereign credit ratings from different agencies, for the period 1980-2015. We employ random effects ordered and simple probit approaches to assess the explanatory power of different macroeconomic and government variables. Our results point to an average performance of the estimated models. Structural balance and the existence of a default in the last ten years were the least significant variables whereas the level of net debt, budget balance, GDP per capita and the existence of a default in the last five years were found to be the most relevant variables explaining the rating differences across agencies.
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Monteiro, Maria Teresa Lousada de Freitas. "An ordered probit analysis of social mobility in Portugal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14391.
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Mestrado em Econometria Aplicada e PrevisãoEste estudo propõe o uso de um modelo probit ordenado para analisar a mobilidade de rendimento no setor privado em Portugal, utilizando a base de dados Quadros do Pessoal. A abordagem utilizada neste estudo fornece uma metodologia para avaliar a mobilidade das classes de rendimento e quantificar como certas características ou eventos impactam a probabilidade de os individuis se moverem entre diferentes classes sociais.
This study proposes the use of an ordered probit model to analyse income mobility in the private sector in Portugal using Quadros do Pessoal dataset. The approach used in this study provides a methodology to evaluate income class mobility and to quantify how certain characteristics or events impact the probability of moving up across the different social classes.
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Šťastný, Tomáš. "Postavenie insolvenčného správcu v insolvenčnom konaní." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-18166.
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The main objective of this diploma thesis is to outline the role and position of the bankruptcy administrator in the bankruptcy process. The role of the administrator is specified as a set of rights and obligations that the administrator has got according to the law in every part of the bankruptcy process. The insolvency law assigns administrative, surveying, finding and consulting duties to the administrator. The core of this thesis is a look at the position of the administrator in the liquidation bankruptcy. It means the process beginning with the appointing of the administrator and ending by the approval of the final report and the implementation of the paying timetable. Bonus chapters are devoted to other manners of the bankruptcy process, requirements for the administrator appointment and possibilities of the administrator rewarding.
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Cano, Eduardo Fiacadori. "O consumo de microcomputadores no Brasil: uma análise utilizando dados das PNADs de 2001 a 2007 e da POF 2002-2003." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/96/96131/tde-05052010-150700/.
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O consumo domiciliar de microcomputadores cresceu de forma acelerado nos últimos anos. Apesar de grupos com determinadas características socioeconômicas terem um consumo maior de computadores, o consumo vem aumentando em todos os grupos. Ou seja, mesmo com diferenças grandes, o consumo de computadores não é mais uma exclusividade dos mais ricos, dos mais bem instruídos ou de determinadas regiões do país. Os modelos Probit e double-hurdle se mostraram adequados para analisar o consumo de computadores no Brasil. O modelo Probit ajustou bem os dados na análise da presença de um computador no domicílio. Já para a despesa com computador, o modelo double-hurdle se mostrou melhor que o modelo Tobit, uma vez que este separa a análise do processo de decisão de compra em dois, separando a decisão de gastar da decisão de quanto gastar.Household consumption of microcomputers grew up fast in recent years. Despite some socioeconomic groups take highercomputer consumption, consumption is increasing in all groups. In other words, even with large differences, the consumption of computers is no longer uniqueness of wealthier, better educated or at certain regions of the country. Probit and double-hurdle models were suitable for analyzing the consume of computers in Brazil. The Probit model adjusted well the data set in the analysis of the presence of a computer at home. For the computer spending the double-hurdle model proved better than Tobit because separates the analysis of the purchase decision process in two, separating the decision to spend from the decision of how much spend.
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Brigant, Jean-Marie. "Contribution à l'étude de la probité." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010315.
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Si la probité est une notion fréquemment utilisée par le législateur et la jurisprudence, elle ne fait pourtant l'objet d'aucune étude approfondie. Fréquemment confondue avec d'autres notions telles que l'honnêteté, la probité apparaît mal définie. Cette situation peut s'expliquer par le fait que cette norme est étrangère à l'ordre étatique. De nature déontologique, la probité est secrétée à l'origine par les professions libérales réglementées en Ordre. Mais, la logique déontologique imprègne l'ordre étatique, permettant ainsi à la probité de faire l'objet d'une diffusion récente et inattendue vers d'autres secteurs professionnels. Ainsi, la probité s'impose désormais aux fonctionnaires, aux dirigeants sociaux ainsi qu'aux salariés. La thèse propose d’élaborer une définition de la probité telle qu’elle a été conçue par l’ordre juridique déontologique avant d'envisager son intégration au sein de l'ordre juridique étatique.
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Pfarr, Christian. "Private Altersvorsorge in Deutschland empirische Analyse der Einflussfaktoren für private Altersvorsorge am Beispiel der Riester-Rente /." kostenfrei, 2009. http://opus.ub.uni-bayreuth.de/volltexte/2009/643/.
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Oliveira, Alexandre Nunes de. "Independência financeira e a emancipação de distritos no Estado do Ceará." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2014. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/15059.
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OLIVEIRA, Alexandre N. de. Independência financeira e a emancipação de distritos no Estado do Ceará. 2014. 46f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós Graduação em Economia, CAEN, Fortaleza-CE, 2014.Submitted by Mônica Correia Aquino (monicacorreiaaquino@gmail.com) on 2016-02-01T20:48:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dissert_anoliveira.pdf: 320102 bytes, checksum: ae66ebd03569c93d8630b4dc6e9b85d0 (MD5)
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The present work search investigate the chance of financial involution among the Cearenses' municipalities, from accounting data for 150 localities in periods of 2004, 2008 and 2012. The sample comprises 82% of the total number of municipalities in the state of Ceará and the method used follows a binary dependent variable model, with Probit's hypothesis. The econometric model proposed considered variables of financial autonomy,dependence on transfers, personnel expenses and charges, education expenses and health expenses. The estimates leads us to conclude that the chance is significant in that a new municipality that will be created has fundraising less than the average, being considered a economic-financial scenario unfavorable the process of emancipation of districts in the state of Ceará, there is a view that the Cearenses' municipalities are considered to be poor and highly dependent on features of transfers.
O presente trabalho busca investigar a chance de involução financeira dentre os municípios cearenses, a partir dos dados contábeis de 150 localidades nos períodos de 2004, 2008 e 2012. A amostra utilizada compreende 82% do total de municípios no estado do Ceará e o método utilizado segue um modelo de variável dependente binária, com hipótese Probit. O modelo econométrico proposto considerou variáveis de autonomia financeira, dependência de transferências, despesas com pessoal e encargos, gastos com educação e gastos com saúde. As estimativas permitem constatar que a chance é significativa de que um novo município que venha a ser criado possua arrecadação inferior à média, sendo considerado um cenário econômico-financeiro desfavorável ao processo de emancipação de distritos no estado do Ceará, haja vista que os municípios cearenses são considerados pobres e altamente dependentes de recursos de transferências.
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Garneau, Simon. "Estimation alternative des modèles probit polytomiques." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq26209.pdf.
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Neto, Jayme Andrade. "Statistical modeling in high frequency rate selic." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8321.
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nÃo hÃAt first, a brief discussion on monetary economy and the regimen of target for inflation in Brazil will be performed. This latter has been an important step towards stabilization in our country, as there was an annual average of inflation about 842% within a period immediately before the adoption of the target. Besides influencing in a positive manner the Central Bank of Brazilâs credibility, it is possible to notice an augmented inclusion in this regimen on the part of many countries since 1990, when it had its start in New Zealand. The conferences held by the Monetary Policy Committee (COPOM) will also be taken into consideration, for it has been responsible for the establishment of the target regarding interest rates (SELIC), which is the main tool related to monetary policy assumed by the Central Bank of Brazil in order to maintain inflation inside of the levels proposed by the National Monetary Council (CMN), so as to identify which variables can interfere in and affect the decisions made by such committee.
Inicialmente, fazemos uma breve discussÃo sobre economia monetÃria e o regime de metas de inflaÃÃo no Brasil, que foi um importante passo para a estabilizaÃÃo da inflaÃÃo no paÃs, jà que se teve uma mÃdia anual de inflaÃÃo de 842% num perÃodo imediatamente antes da adoÃÃo das metas. AlÃm de afetar positivamente a credibilidade do Banco Central. Nota-se tambÃm uma adesÃo crescente de diversos paÃses a esse regime desde 1990, quando teve inÃcio na Nova ZelÃndia. TambÃm analisamos as reuniÃes do Comità de PolÃtica MonetÃria (COPOM), responsÃvel pela fixaÃÃo da meta da taxa de juros (Selic), que à o principal instrumento de polÃtica monetÃria utilizada pelo Banco Central do Brasil para manter a inflaÃÃo dentro dos nÃveis estabelecidos pelo Conselho MonetÃrio Nacional (CMN), identificando quais sÃo as variÃveis que podem influenciar e afetar as decisÃes deste comitÃ. Neste artigo, usamos a abordagem estatÃstica para dados de alta freqÃÃncia desenvolvida por Hamilton e Jordà (2002) para a economia brasileira, pretendendo modelar e prever a decisÃo da taxa de juros (Selic) do Banco Central. De acordo com os principais resultados, a taxa de Hazard obtida parece inferir que o Banco Central muda a taxa Selic com uma probabilidade condicional de 36%. VariÃveis como o desvio entre a inflaÃÃo observada e a meta, e a diferenÃa entre o Produto Interno Bruto e o produto potencial parecem ser mais significantemente relevantes em explicar a duraÃÃo e os marks para a mudanÃa do alvo, corroborando com os resultados em Portugal (2008). Somos tambÃm capazes de prever razoavelmente a taxa Selic na amostra."
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Cruz, Monica Soares. "Mudan?as no rural nordestino: uma an?lise dos determinantes da pluriatividade nas fam?lias rurais nordestinas, no ano de 2011." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14096.
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Previous issue date: 2013-11-19Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
This study aims to the evaluate the determinants for rural households northeastern be pluriactive, in 2011. For this, at first, we conducted a review of national and international literature in order to get beyond the theoretical part which refers to the study of pluriactivity identify possible determinants of the phenomenon. In this rescue, it was the observed determinants could be macroeconomic in nature and / or microeconomics. Therefore, it became necessary to describe the characteristics of the region under study, the Northeast. In order to identify the determinants were two estimated Probit models, one based on the literature review and the second with a variable characteristic of the Northeast, the transfers. For this, we used the PNAD in 2011. The results indicate both the microeconomic determinants are : gender, race, age, years of education, hours worked, number of family members, per capita income, transfer the macroeconomic in nature: living conditions (water, energy, sanitation ), housing location. In addition to identifying the determinants, the Econometric model allows to know the probability of each variable on the dependent variable, which stood out: the transfer variable, gender, per capita income, number of family members, housing conditions and housing location. Therefore, it is concluded that it is the set of determinants (macro and micro) allow rural families become northeastern pluriactive. However, one can not fail to consider may also have other determinants were not captured due to the availability of data, which may be indications for future studies. In summary, the pluriactivity in the Brazilian Northeast is a phenomenon distinct from found in Europe and southern Brazil. It is a pluriactivity survival that is part of the strategies of rural households in the Northeast to ensure their social reproduction amid the poverty of the region
Este estudo prop?e avaliar quais os determinantes para as fam?lias rurais nordestinas serem pluriativas, no ano de 2011. Para isso, no primeiro momento, foi realizada uma revis?o de literatura nacional e internacional com objetivo de obter, al?m da parte te?rica que se refere ao estudo da pluriatividade, identificar os poss?veis determinantes do fen?meno. Neste resgate, observou-se que os determinantes poderiam ser de natureza macroecon?mica e/ou de microecon?mica. Por isso, tornou-se necess?rio descrever as caracter?sticas da Regi?o objeto do estudo, a nordestina. Com o intuito de identificar os determinantes, foram estimados dois modelos Probit, um com base na literatura revisada e o segundo com uma vari?vel caracter?stica da regi?o nordestina, as transfer?ncias. Para tanto, foram utilizados os microdados da PNAD no ano de 2011. Os resultados indicam que os determinantes s?o tanto de natureza microecon?mica: sexo, ra?a, idade, anos de estudo, horas trabalhadas, n?mero de membros da fam?lia, renda per capita familiar, transfer?ncia, quanto de natureza macroecon?mica: condi??es de moradia (?gua, energia, saneamento), local de moradia. Al?m de identificar os determinantes, o modelo econom?trico permite saber a probabilidade de cada vari?vel sobre a vari?vel dependente, na qual destacou-se: a vari?vel transfer?ncia, sexo, renda per capita familiar, n?mero de membros da fam?lia, as condi??es de moradia e o local de moradia. Portanto, conclu?-se que ? o conjunto dos determinantes (macro e micro) que permitem ?s fam?lias rurais nordestinas se tornarem pluriativas. No entanto, n?o se pode deixar de considerar que tamb?m pode haver outros determinantes que n?o foram captados, devido ? disponibilidade dos dados, que poder?o ser indica??es para estudos futuros. Em s?ntese, a pluriatividade no Nordeste brasileiro ? um fen?meno distinto daquele encontrado na Europa e no Sul do Brasil. ? uma pluriatividade de sobreviv?ncia que faz parte das estrat?gias das fam?lias rurais nordestinas, para garantir a sua reprodu??o social em meio ?s condi??es de pobreza da regi?o
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Haag, Nicole. "Probing biomolecular fragmentation." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Fysikum, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-54524.
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This thesis deals with fragmentation of complex molecular ions, especially biomolecules, in gas phase collision experiments. The aim is to investigate the relations between energy deposition and fragmentation and to shed light on the mechanisms behind energy and charge transfer processes in collisions involving the building blocks of life. Further, the question how a solvent environment influences the dissociation behavior is elucidated. In the first part of the thesis, results from different collision experiments with biomolecular ions are presented, focusing on electron capture induced dissociation of hydrated nucleotides and small peptides. The investigated processes may be relevant for the understanding of radiation damage and the optimization of sequencing methods used in protein research. Our results clearly demonstrate that effects due to surrounding solvent molecules are substantial. While the dissipation of internal energy by evaporation of the loosely bound solvent molecules may protect the biomolecule, the influence which this environment has on the electronic structure may lead to an enhancement or suppression of certain dissociation channels. The second part of the thesis focuses on recent instrumental developments. Here, the aim was to optimize and complement the techniques used in the experiments above and to have versatile tools available for different kinds of gas phase collision studies involving complex molecular ions. Therefore, we have constructed an electrospray ion source platform for the preparation of intense beams, with options of accumulation and cooling of mass selected ions, allowing for a large variety of experiments. This device is also intended to serve as an ion source for the new storage ring facility DESIREE (DoubleElectroStatic Ion Ring ExpEriment), which is currently under construction at Stockholm University. In these unique storage rings, oppositely charged ions may interact at very low relative velocities in a cryogenically cooled and ultrahigh vacuum environment.
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Werra, Julia Franziska Maria. "Probing plasmonic nanostructures." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17658.
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Elektrische und magnetische Emitter können zur Erforschung unterschiedlicher plasmonischer Nanostrukturen genutzt werden. Indem wir die Änderung der Abstrahldynamik und in der Lebensdauer bestimmen, detektieren wir die photonische lokale Zustandsdichte. Diese Zustandsdichte, die eine Eigenschaft der Umgebung ist, ermöglicht uns nicht nur Rückschlüsse auf die elektronischen und andere physikalische Eigenschaften dieser zu treffen sondern auch die allgemeinen Eigenschaften der plasmonischen Nanostruktur im Bezug auf Licht-Materie Kopplung zu bestimmen. Eine starke Licht-Materie-Kopplung ist für die zukünftige Anwendung im Bereich der Quantentechnologien wichtig. Wenn Emitter hierbei mit plasmonischen Nanostrukturen koppeln, fokussieren letztere nicht nur das emittierte Lichts an der Oberfläche im Subwellenlängenbereich sondern ermöglichen durch die Feldüberhöhung an der Oberfläche auch eine starke Licht-Materie-Kopplung. In der Arbeit konzentrieren wir uns auf zwei grundlegend unterschiedliche plasmonische Systeme: zunächst untersuchen wir analytisch den Einfluss von Graphen auf elektrische und magnetische Emitter und diskutieren dann die Lebensdaueränderungen und Strahlungsdynamiken in der Nähe von Silber- und Goldnanostrukturen. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit analysieren wir den Einfluss von Graphen mit einer Bandlücke auf den Emitter und zeigen Möglichkeiten zur experimentellen Bestimmung der Bandlücke auf. Im zweiten Teil modellieren wir die Propagation elektromagnetischer Felder im dreidimensionalen Raum mit Hilfe der Diskontinuierlichen Galerkin Zeitraum Methode mit erweiterten Funktionalitäten. Diese verwenden wir sowohl zur theoretischen Modellierung des ersten dreidimensionalen Fluoreszenlebensdauerabbildungsmikroskopie mit einem einzelnen Quantenemitter als auch zur selbstkonsistent Beschreibung von Emittern in der Nähe eines Goldpentamers. Die Kombination der Studien betont die Stärke von Emittern elektrische, optische und magnetische Eigenschaften zu detektieren.Electric and magnetic emitters can be used to probe different plasmonic nanostructures. By determining the modification of the radiation dynamics and the lifetimes, we can measure the photonic local density of states. This, being a property of the enviroment, does not only allow us to draw conclusions regarding the electronic and other physical properties of the latter but also regarding the general light-matter coupling properties of the plasmonic nanostructure. A strong light-matter coupling is important for future applications in quantum technology. If emitters couple specifically to plasmonic nanostructure, the latter do not only focus the emitted light at the sub-wavelength scale at the surface of the structure but also allow for such a strong light-matter coupling due to the field enhancement at the surface. In this work, we focus on two different basic plasmonic systems: first, we study analytically the influence of graphene on electric and magnetic emitters, and second we discuss lifetime modifications and radiation dynamics close to silver and gold nanostructures. In the first part of this work, we specifically focus on the influence of graphene exhibiting a finite band gap on the emitter. In the second part, we model the propagation of electromagnetic fields in three-dimensional space making use of the discontinuous Galerkin time-domain method with extended functionalities. This framework we apply to model the first three-dimensional scanning-probe fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy by use of a single quantum-emitter as well as for a self-consistent description of emitters in the proximity of a gold pentamer. The combination of these studies stress that the strength of emitters lies in the detection of electronic, optical and magnetic properties.
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Oliveira, Maria Aparecida Silva. "Nível tecnológico e seus fatores condicionantes na bananicultura do município de Mauriti-Ce." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2003. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/723.
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OLIVEIRA, Maria Aparecida Silva; KHAN, Ahmad Saeed. Nível tecnológico e seus fatores condicionantes na bananicultura do município de Mauriti - Ce. 2003. 92f. : Dissertação (Mestrado) em Economia Rural, Departamento de Economia Agrícola, Centro de Ciências Agrária, Universidade Federal do Ceará. Fortaleza-Ce, 2003Submitted by Francisco Lima (rodrigo90.ufc@hotmail.com) on 2011-09-12T17:23:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2003_dis_masoliveira.pdf: 662288 bytes, checksum: 67fc60c7fb35fb1335dc835ffe29400d (MD5)
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A utilização de tecnologia na agricultura a torna menos dependente dos fatores climáticos, mais produtiva e promissora, contribuindo para a obtenção do seu desenvolvimento e da economia. Os investimentos em tecnologia para a agricultura,realizados pelo Governo do Estado do Ceará, concentram-se principalmente na agricultura irrigada através da formação de agropolos. Nesses, predomina a fruticultura irrigada, sendo a banana uma das principais culturas. A bananicultura desempenha importantes papéis de ordem econômica e social para a agricultura brasileira, entretanto é caracterizada pela prática, em geral, com baixa produtividade, baixo nível tecnológico e grandes perdas no processo de produção. No agropolo Cariri a bananicultura tem ganhado relevância com o aumento considerável da área plantada e da quantidade produzida. Nesse agropolo, o crescimento da cultura deu-se com maior intensidade no Município de Mauriti. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o nível tecnológico da bananicultura irrigada do Município de Mauriti-CE e seus aspectos socioeconômicos. Especificamente pretendeu-se mensurar o nível tecnológico, verificar as tecnologias que têm maior contribuição na determinação desse nível tecnológico e os fatores socioeconômicos que condicionam sua adotação pelos produtores de banana de Mauriti- CE. Para mensuração do nível tecnológico, foi formulado um índice que compreende não somente as tecnologias de produção, mas também as variáveis que a compõem. A análise das variáveis socioeconômicas dos produtores que têm efeito sobre a probabilidade de adoção de tecnologia deu-se através da estimação de uma equação, utilizando o modelo Probit, indicado para estudos em que a variável dependente é qualitativa. O índice tecnológico calculado para a bananicultura de Mauriti mostrou que o nível tecnológico adotado é classificado como bom. As tecnologias de irrigação e fitossanidade têm nível de adoção classificado como ótimo e as tecnologias de mudas, adubação e tratos culturais, como de nível bom. Por outro lado, os níveis de adoçãos das tecnologias de colheita e pós-colheita são classificados como regulares e o da gestão como insuficiente. Na composição do índice tecnológico, a fitossanidade teve participação de 21,15%, a irrigação de 19,23% e os tratos culturais de 15,38%. As tecnologias de mudas e adubação tiveram participação de 13,46% e 11,54%, respectivamente. As menores participações foram das tecnologias de pós-colheita, com 9,61%, de colheita com 7,69%, e da gestão, com 1,92%. As variáveis que se mostraram significativas na explicação da probabilidade de adoção de tecnologia adequada ou próxima de adequada para produção de banana foram assistência técnica, bananicultura como atividade principal, crédito, escolaridade, idade, posse da terra, renda total e residência na propriedade. Todas essas variáveis mostraram ter influência positiva sobre tal probabilidade
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Lejnarová, Šárka. "Modely diskrétní binární volby." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-1615.
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Ve své diplomové práci se zabývám modely diskrétní binární volby. Zkoumám je nejprve z teoretického hlediska, jaká je jejich podstata, jaká jsou jejich specifika a problémy. Postupně rozebírám jednotlivé modely diskrétní binární volby a to lineární pravděpodobnostní model, logitový model a probitový model. Zabývám se jejich odhadem, testováním významnosti jednotlivých koeficientů a shodou modelů s daty. V praktické části se zaměřuji na problematiku životního prostředí a třídění odpadu. Aplikuji jednotlivé modely na získaná data a snažím se vysvětlit, na čem závisí volba jedince mezi ?třídím odpad? a nebo ?netřídím odpad?. Na základě analýzy poté doporučuji, na koho a jakým způsobem zacílit osvětu.
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Kang, Sungjun. "Forecasting inflation with probit and regression models /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9946268.
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Butler, Allison M. "Hierarchical Probit Models for Ordinal Ratings Data." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2656.
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University students often complete evaluations of their courses and instructors. The evaluation tool typically contains questions about the course and the instructor on an ordinal Likert scale. We assess instructor effectiveness while adjusting for known confounders. We present a probit regression model with a latent variable to measure the instructor effectiveness accounting for student specific covariates, such as student grade in the course, high school and university GPA, and ACT score.
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Tabet, Aline. "Bayesian inference in the multivariate probit model." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32271.
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Correlated binary data arise in many applications. Any analysis of this
type of data should take into account the correlation structure among the
variables. The multivariate Probit model (MVP), introduced by Ashford
and Snowden (1970), is a popular class of models particularly suitable for
the analysis of correlated binary data. In this class of models, the response is
multivariate, correlated and discrete. Generally speaking, the MVP model
assumes that given a set of explanatory variables the multivariate response is
an indicator of the event that some unobserved latent variable falls within a
certain interval. The latent variable is assumed to arise from a multivariate
normal distribution. Difficulties with the multivariate Probit are mainly due
to computation as the likelihood of the observed discrete data is obtained by
integrating over a multidimensional constrained space of latent variables. In
this work, we adopt a Bayesian approach and develop an an efficient Markov
chain Monte Carlo algorithm for estimation in MVP models under the full
correlation and the structured correlation assumptions. Furthermore, in
addition to simulation results, we present an application of our method to
the Six Cities data set. Our algorithm has many advantages over previous
approaches, namely it handles identifiability and uses a marginally uniform
prior on the correlation matrix directly.Science, Faculty of
Statistics, Department of
Graduate
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Lenz, Stephan. "Bestimmungsfaktoren des Innovations- und Kooperationsverhaltens von Unternehmen : Theorie und ökonometrische Untersuchung anhand von Daten für die schweizerische Industrie /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1998. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00021601.pdf.
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Rodrigues, Diego da Silva. "Uma análise dos determinantes da migração entre estados do trabalhador informal brasileiro." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2009. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/3974.
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Esse trabalho tem por finalidade estimar a probabilidade de migração interestadual dos trabalhadores que se destinam ao setor informal. Especificamente, busca-se analisar a probabilidade de migração conforme o nível de renda dos estados de destino. Esse objetivo é motivado pelo fato do Brasil apresentar intensa migração interna, o que leva à necessidade de compreender se as características dessa migração são as mesmas se considerarmos apenas o setor informal, que apresenta peculiaridades. Para isso, será elaborado um modelo probabilístico de migração com base em um banco de dados montado a partir da Ecinf (IBGE/2003). Inicialmente, é estimado um modelo probit simples, visando entender o impacto de características observadas pessoais, de trabalho e da região na decisão do indivíduo migrar. Depois, é estimado um modelo multinomial, buscando entender o impacto que essas características observadas têm quando o destino da migração é diferenciado pelo nível de renda dos estados. Os principais resultados obtidos indicam que, entre os informais, a migração segue características semelhantes às observadas na literatura, como ser mais propensa entre as mulheres, e apresentar renda maior entre os migrantes em comparação com os não-migrantes, sendo esta uma variável importante para a migração às regiões mais ricas. Por outro lado, os resultados também mostram que o aumento do nível de instrução tende a diminuir a probabilidade de um trabalhador informal migrar, indo de encontro ao que se observa noutros mercados de trabalho.
This paper aims to estimate the probability of interstate migration of informal workers. More specifically, it has the objective to analyze the probability of migration according to the income level of the destination states. This goal is motivated by the fact that Brazil has a strong internal migration, which leads to the need of understanding if the characteristics of the internal migration are the same if one considers only the informal sector, which presents peculiarities. This way, a probabilistic model of migration is made based on a database from the Ecinf (IBGE/2003). Initially, it is estimated a simple probit model, in order to understand the impact of observed personal, job and regional characteristics on the individual's decision to migrate. After that, it is estimated a multinomial model, trying to understand the impact that these observed characteristics have when the destination of the migration is differentiated by the income level of the states. The main results show that, among informal workers, the migration has characteristics similar to those observed in the literature and in the proposed model, as being more likely among women, and presenting higher incomes among the migrants when compared with non-migrants, and that being an important variable for migration to richer regions. On the other hand, the results also show that, among the informal workers, increasing of the educational level of the individuals tends to reduce the probability to migrate, against what is observed in other job markets.
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Zentner, Andrew. "Probing the new cosmology." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5fnum=osu1054160085.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvi, 273 p.; also contains graphics (some col.). Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Terrence P. Walker, Dept. of Physics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 257-273).
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Bilyard, Matthew. "Chemical probing of glycogenesis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b66bd3aa-b195-4dcc-b55f-4e20cdf527eb.
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The polysaccharide molecule glycogen represents a crucial glucose (and hence energy) storage reserve present in a wide variety of organisms. In eukaryotes, its biosynthesis is initiated by the glycosyltransferase enzyme Glycogenin, which unusually catalyses its own autoglucosylation to form a short maltosaccharide extending from a tyrosine residue. Glycogenin's privileged position at the heart of carbohydrate metabolism has sparked wide interest in elucidating its catalytic mechanism. However, prior studies have been hindered by an inability to access homogeneous glycoforms of the enzyme, restricting precise mechanistic analyses. Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling represents a widely utilised reaction in organic chemistry and has more recently emerged as a powerful tool for the site-selective modification of proteins. In this thesis, we present the application of this methodology to the mechanistic study of Glycogenin, utilising a 'genetically tagged' variant of the latter bearing an unnatural p-iodophenylalanine residue in place of the catalytic tyrosine. Preliminary studies demonstrate the potential of this enzyme to undergo efficient cross-coupling under benign, 'enzyme-compatible' conditions. This leads to the application of this reaction as part of a novel palladium-mediated enzyme activation process for Glycogenin, allowing unprecedented access to different, homogeneously glucosylated enzyme states. These closely mimic intermediates at different stages of the autoglucosylation pathway, and are therefore catalytically active. Comparative kinetic analyses of such Glycogenin constructs reveal unusual triphasic kinetics for the initiation of glycogen biosynthesis. Subsequent studies on both a non-natural autogalactosylation pathway and on autoglucosylation pathways initiating from non-glucose carbohydrate glycosyl acceptors reveal a surprising degree of enzyme plasticity towards glycosyl donor and acceptor, and suggest that the three kinetic phases may be additionally defined in this regard. We also apply our methodology to investigation of a Glycogenin mutation implicated in a pathological condition arising from impaired autoglucosylation. Comparison of previously inaccessible glycoforms of this mutant challenges prior beliefs that it is entirely incapable of autoglucosylation and highlights further differences between early catalytic phases of catalysis. We anticipate that our approach may in the future enable mechanistic investigation of the other metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative conditions associated with malfunctions in glycogen biosynthesis.
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Zentner, Andrew Ronald. "Probing the new cosmology." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1054160085.
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McCoy, Adam Christopher. "Determinants of remittances : a generalized ordered probit approach." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/SPring2007/a_Mcoy_041207.pdf.
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SAIDI, ABDELNASSER. "Modeles logit et probit d'analyse des variables qualitatives." Grenoble 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE21030.
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Divers types de modeles logit et probit sont etudies en vue de l'explication des modalites prises par une ou plusieurs variables, en fonction de variables explicatives. Dans le cadre d'une seule variable binaire, le modele dichotomique simple logit et probit ainsi que ses erreurs de specification sont traites. Les modeles logit et probit polytome multinomial ou conditionnel sont analyses lorsque la variable a expliquer est a plusieurs modalites. L'etude et la modelisation simultanee de plusieurs variables qualitatives fait appel au modele descriptif et explicatif log-lineaire, au modele a reponses multinomiales, ou aux modeles a equations simultanees logit et probit lorsque parmi les variables explicatives figurent des variables endogenes. Enfin dans le cas de donnees binaires individuelles temporelles et sous differentes hypotheses de vraie dependance entre les etats du processus, de non stationnarite et d'heterogeneite, nous etudions les solutions theoriques et la mise en oeuvre informatique des modeles logit et probit associesSeveral types of logit and probit models are studied in ordrer to explain levels related to one or many qualitative variables by explanatory variables. Simple dichotomous logit and probit models and their specification errors are discussed. Are also analyzed multinomial and conditional polychotomous in the case of logit and probit models when the dependent variable possesses several levels. The study and the simultaneous modelisation of two or many qualitative variables deal with descriptive and explanatory log linear model, multinomial responses models, and simultaneous equations logit and probit models when some of the explanatory variables are endogeneous. Finally in the case of individual temporal binary data and with some different true dependency hypothesis between process states, non stationarity and heterogeneity, we study not only the theorical solutions but the computational work of logit and probit models associated as well
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Lin, Peng. "Health status and the labor force participation decisions of married couples." Thesis, [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2336.
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Cava, Patrícia Benites. "Determinantes da atividade exportadora: uma análise das empresas paulistas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18157/tde-29112010-114106/.
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As importantes mudanças macroeconômicas e a abertura comercial ocorridas na década de 90 tiveram como uma de suas conseqüências a reversão dos superávits comerciais. Esse fato gerou uma série de análises sobre a composição das importações e exportações das firmas brasileiras. Com a abertura comercial, as empresas passaram a investir na racionalização de processos produtivos e gerenciais para se tornarem competitivas. A desvalorização da taxa de câmbio, no final da década de 90, implicou no aumento significativo da parcela exportada pela indústria brasileira e mudanças ocorreram na estratégia competitiva da indústria. A análise destas diferenças e do caminho percorrido por elas contribuem para um melhor mapeamento e discussão das condições competitivas da indústria no mercado internacional. Diante desse contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho é identificar os principais determinantes da atividade exportadora de indústrias paulistas. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto, utilizou-se dados referentes aos anos de 1996 e 2001 de indústrias paulistas, disponíveis na Pesquisa da Atividade Econômica Paulista (PAEP), realizada pela Fundação Estadual de Análise de Dados (SEADE). Os dois períodos de análise apresentam características distintas no que se refere ao contexto econômico, o que pode ter acarretado na adoção de estratégias competitivas diferentes pelas empresas. Para a estimação dos parâmetros das variáveis explicativas adotou-se os métodos Probit e Logit. Os resultados da pesquisa permitiram identificar o tamanho da empresa, participação estrangeira no capital, idade, importação e inovação tecnológica como determinantes da atividade exportadora das indústrias paulistas. A produtividade do trabalho e a qualificação do trabalho apresentaram resultados distintos para os anos de 1996 e 2001.Major macroeconomic changes and trade liberalization occurred in the 90s had as one of their consequences the reversal of trade surpluses. This has raised a number of reviews on the composition of imports and exports of Brazilian firms. With the trade liberalization, companies started to invest in the rationalization of production processes and management in order to become competitive. The devaluation of the exchange rate in the end of the 90s, resulted in significant increase in the share exported by the Brazilian industry and changes occurred in the competitive strategy of the industry. The analysis of these differences contributes to a better mapping and discussion of competitive conditions in the industry internationally. In this context, the objective of this study is to identify the main determinants of export activity of Paulistas industries. To achieve the proposed objective, we used data for the years 1996 and 2001 from Paulistas industries, available on the Pesquisa da Atividade Econômica Paulista (PAEP) held by the Fundação Estadual de Análise de Dados (SEADE). These periods have different characteristics with regard to the economic context, which may have led to the adoption of different competitive strategies by companies. For the estimation of the explanatory variables we adopted the methods Probit and Logit. The research results have identified the company size, foreign ownership, age, import and technological innovation as determinants of export activity of the Paulistas industries. The labor productivity and skilled labor showed different results for the years 1996 and 2001.
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Moreira, Susana Patrícia Reis Mendes Costa. "Determinants of personal credit defaults in a Portuguese Bank." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13538.
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Mestrado em FinançasO contexto de crise económica e financeira, originou o aumento da taxa de desemprego, o decréscimo do rendimento das famílias portuguesas, a piora das condições dos empréstimos e a desvalorização de activos de garantias, que combinado com outros factores, contribuiu para a intensificação do incumprimento de crédito no segmento dos particulares. Este trabalho tem como objectivo estudar os factores determinantes no incumprimento de crédito a particulares, num Banco português. Foi utilizada uma amostra de 7876 de operações de crédito a particulares em incumprimento, à data de 31 de Dezembro de 2014, originados entre 2003 e 2014. Aplicámos um modelo probit e um modelo duration para analisar o impacto do montante inicial, da maturidade e do spread do empréstimo na probabilidade de incumprimento da operação de crédito e a duração do empréstimo até suceder o incumprimento. Em relação às variáveis principais os resultados obtidos sugerem que no caso do spread, há uma diminuição de incumprimento na variável crédito, porque as operações de crédito apresentam menos risco em relação às operações de investimento que expõem mais risco e consequentemente, spreads mais elevados. Relativamente ao montante inicial, na nossa amostra, a variável investimento contempla operações com montantes elevados, assim é esperado possuirmos maior incumprimento nesta variável. No caso da maturidade, a variável investimento é constituída por operações de longa duração, pelo que é esperada um maior incumprimento. Por fim, o modelo duration permitiu-nos concluir que o aumento das variáveis levará a que o cliente demore menos tempo para entrar em incumprimento.
In the context of the economic and financial crisis, that caused the rise of unemployment rate and decrease in income of Portuguese families, the worsening conditions of the loans and the devaluation of collateral, combined with other factors, have contributed to an intensification of credit default in the particulars segment. This research work aims to study the determinants of personal credit default in a Portuguese Bank. We used a sample of 7876 contracts of personal loans in default at December 31, 2014, originated between the years 2003 and 2014. We apply a probit model and a duration model to assess the impact of Initial amount, Maturity, Spread, in the probability of credit default and the duration of a loan until default. Regarding main variables the results suggest that in spread there is a decrease of default in credit variable, because credit loans are less risky than investment loans that have more risk and consequently higher spreads. About initial amount, in our sample, investment variable comprises contract loans with higher amounts, so it's expected to have higher default in investment variable. Related to maturity provided that investment variable has contract loans with higher maturities, it's expected to have higher default in investment variable. Finally, duration model allows us to conclude that clients will take less time to enter in default when a variable in the model increases.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Santos, Joceline Brigitte Fernandes dos. "Crises bancárias e suas causas : o caso da Argentina." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10739.
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Mestrado em Economia Monetária e FinanceiraO presente trabalho estuda as causas das crises bancárias, com base na análise dos rácios financeiros do balanço dos bancos. Nesse sentido, recorremos a uma metodologia que consiste em estimar três regressões diferentes para a probabilidade de falência dos bancos, através dos modelos Logit e Probit, para uma amostra de 99 bancos Argentinos. O objetivo foi saber se as falências bancárias ocorridas durante a crise Argentina de 2001 se explicam por factores monetários ou factores reais, uma vez que o debate teórico se situa nesta dicotomia. Os resultados encontrados são semelhantes para a estimação Logit e Probit e sugerem que apenas os factores monetários explicam a probabilidade de ocorrência das falências.
This paper studies the causes of banking crisis, based on the analysis of financial ratios of the banks' balance sheets. In this sense, we used a methodology that consists in estimating three different regressions for the probability of bank failure, through Logit and Probit models for a sample of 99 Argentine banks. The objective was to determine whether the bank failures that have occurred during the Argentina´s 2001 economic crisis are explained by monetary or real factors, since the theoretical debate lies in this dichotomy. The results are similar for Logit and Probit estimation and suggest that only the monetary factors explain the likelihood of bankruptcy.
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Reis, Felipe Alves. "Análise do potencial produtivo da mamona no estado do Ceará." Universidade Federal do Ceará, 2009. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/6891.
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REIS, Felipe Alves. Análise do potencial produtivo da mamona no estado do Ceará. 2009. 86 f.: Dissertação (mestrado em Economia Rural) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Fortaleza-CE, 2009Submitted by Kepler Barroso (keplercavalcante@hotmail.com) on 2013-11-07T18:31:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_fareis.pdf: 435987 bytes, checksum: 5ab161b308246813fe86978fe551cf97 (MD5)
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The general objective of this work is to analyze the productive potential of the castor oil in the state of Ceará from a technical, social and economic approach. To obtaining the results, the research followed the following steps: initially, a study took place to tabulate and describe primary data collected through the application of 118 questionnaires to the growers and 120 to the not growers of the castor oil plant in the districts of Boa Viagem, Canindé, Itatira, Pedra Branca, Quixadá, Quixeramobim, Quiterianópolis and Tauá. Secondly, a binary probit regression was made to verify wheter the farmer is a castor oil plant grower or not. Thirdly, a multiple lineal regression of the equation of castor oil plant offer inthe state of Ceará was made concerning the period from 1980 to 2007 and this was possible due the secondary data collected in IBGE and IPECE. The analysis of the data allowed to identify the profile of the growers of castor oil plant and of the techniques used in the production. Thus, one can conclude that the farmer's propensity to plant castor oil plant is being influenced by the area, agricultural income, family total income, financing, participation in association and in the credibility of the program. Finnaly, it was verified that the castor oil plant offer is strongly related with the planted area and with its own price, being necessary investiments in technologies and fairer prices.
Este trabalho tem como objetivo geral analisar o potencial produtivo da mamona no estado do Ceará, a partir de uma abordagem técnica e socioeconômica. Para a obtenção dos resultados, a pesquisa seguiu as seguintes etapas: inicialmente realizou-se um estudo tabular e descritivo de dados primários coletados através da aplicação de 118 questionários aos produtores e 120, aos não produtores de mamona dos municípios de Boa Viagem, Canindé, Itatira, Pedra Branca, Quixadá, Quixeramobim, Quiterianópolis e Tauá. Na segunda parte do estudo foi realizada uma regressão binária probit sobre a chance de o agricultor plantar mamona e, por último, realizou-se uma regressão linear múltipla da equação de oferta de mamona no estado do Ceará, no período de 1980 a 2007, usando dados secundários coletados no Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística e Instituto de Pesquisa e Estratégia Econômica do Ceará. A análise dos dados permitiu identificar o perfil dos produtores de mamona e as técnicas usadas na produção. Conclui-se, então, que a propensão do agricultor a plantar mamona está sendo influenciada pela área, a renda agrícola, renda total, o financiamento, a participação em associação e a credibilidade do programa. Por fim, identificou-se que a oferta da mamona está fortemente relacionada com a área plantada e com o seu próprio preço, o que aponta para a necessidade de investimentos em tecnologias e preços mais justos.
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Kruja, Zana. "Capital Access in Rural Virginia." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30702.
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The objective of this study is to determine whether there are inadequacies in the rural financial markets of Virginia. The analysis is based on data from a survey of farm and non-farm small businesses, in five rural counties in Virginia. A Probit model is used to determine whether the financing difficulty encountered by small rural businesses is significantly determined by non-risk characteristics of users of capital and/or non-risk characteristics of local capital markets. Four variables representing different aspects of financing difficulty are used as the dependent variables in each of the four models used in this study. These variables are, loan denial and non-local financing reported by the survey respondents, opinions of survey respondents on the adequacy of local capital markets, and their expectations on future satisfaction with the performance of the local capital market.
Businesses' risk characteristics should be the only determinant of the financing difficulty faced by capital users. However, this analysis indicates that access to capital is determined by non-risk local businesses' and local financial market characteristics as well. Among the most influential non-risk characteristics are: firm size, number of non-local locations, number of competitors in the local market, form of ownership, size of local financial institutions, and local financial institutions' specialization in lending to small businesses. In addition there are large differences in the way financing needs are met in different economic sectors in rural areas. Non-agricultural businesses seem to have less access to financing compared to agricultural businesses.
Further, there is evidence that information in rural financial markets is not complete, and that the sources of information are limited. The evidence on availability of capital is mixed and insufficient to conclude that this is an issue in rural Virginia.
The results of the analysis are used to identify ways to increase the availability of cost efficient capital for new and small businesses in rural areas in Virginia. The recommendations include considerations on how to improve governmental presence in rural capital markets to provide or facilitate better access to capital.Ph. D.
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Hasan, Sm Muntasir. "Factors Affecting Integrated Pest Management Adoption and Pesticide Use in Kenyan Vegetable Farmers." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78826.
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This study identifies the factors influencing adoption of IPM practices and number of pesticide applications in vegetable farmers in Kenya. The sample size for this study includes 263 vegetable farmers. The survey was conducted in four counties of Kenya: Nyeri, Tharka Nithi, Nakuru and Bomet. The vegetables considered in this study are tomato, cabbage and French beans. Different econometric tools are used to analyze adoption of IPM practices and pesticide application for vegetables. It is found that experience in vegetable cultivation and number of livestock owned have a positive impact on the adoption of IPM practices. However, distance to the nearest town has a negative impact on adoption. Moreover, the number of times pesticides are applied to vegetables also declines as distance of the household from the nearest town increases. Farmers whose crops face less stress from insects and disease tend to apply pesticides fewer times as well. Results from this study indicate that being close to town is important for agricultural activities in general. Being farther away not only reduces the probability of IPM adoption but also reduces pesticide application.Master of Science
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Reniff, Lisa. "Visual determination of color differences using Probit analysis : phase II /." Online version of thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11544.
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Arabatzis, Alexandros A. "Qualitative response models theory and its application to forestry." Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09162005-115001/.
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Ferrara, Oscar. "Brand preferences among meats an application of Probit models /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0011765.
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Zocchi, Sílvio Sandoval. "Misturas de modelos"Logit","Probit"e"Complemento Log-Log"." Universidade de São Paulo, 1993. http://teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11134/tde-20181127-154907/.
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Nos ensaios de dose e resposta, geralmente são aplicadas diferentes intensidades (doses) de um estímulo (produto) a diferentes grupos de uma população de indivíduos, que poderão responder ou não. A dose máxima que cada indivíduo tolera é chamada tolerância e no caso de se considerar toda a população, ter-se-á uma distribuição de tolerâncias. Muitas vezes, porém, dentro de uma mesma população, existe uma mistura de indivíduos de diferentes sexos, raças, estágios de desenvolvimento, etc., caracterizando subpopulações com diferentes distribuições de tolerâncias. LWIN & MARTIN (1989) apresentam uma mistura de modelos probit". Neste trabalho, faz-se um estudo geral para misturas de modelos"probit","logit"e"complemento-log-log". Para a estimação dos parâmetros desses modelos, utilizou-se o método de escores de Fisher e uma modificação do algoritmo EM, implementados através dos pacotes computacionais Excel 4.0 for Windows e GLIM. Para exemplificar essa metodologia, foi conduzido e analisado um ensaio de resistência da mosca (Musca. Domestica.) ao inseticida deltametrina. Analisou-se, ainda, um ensaio de sensibilidade de um isolado do fungo Metarhizium anisopliae a diferentes doses de radiação e reanalisou-se o ensaio de resistência dos ovos do verme Ostergagia. Spp. a diferentes doses de tiabendazol (TEZ), apresentado por LWIN & MARTIN (1989). Observou-se a adequação do método aos casos em que havia razões biológicas para a existência de uma mistura de distribuições, confirmada pelo mau ajuste de modelos para uma única distribuição. Confirmando o que afirmaram TITTERINGTON & MORGAN (1977), observou-se, ainda, na estimação dos parâmetros do modelo de misturas, a menor velocidade de convergência do algoritmo EM, quando comparado com o método de Newton-Raphson modificado (método de escores de Fisher)not available