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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Probation

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Academic literature on the topic 'Probation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Probation"

1

Raynor, Peter. "Back to the future? The long view of probation and sentencing." Probation Journal 65, no. 3 (July 19, 2018): 335–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0264550518788730.

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This article reviews the history of the probation service’s contribution to sentencing and revisits the changing theories and understandings that have influenced this role at different times. Through most of its history probation was seen as an alternative to punishment and required the consent of the probationer. Since the 1990s these fundamental assumptions have been changing, and the article explores some of the social and political context of these changes. It argues (with the help of John Augustus, Charles Dickens and others) that the probation service’s input of social information into sentencing has been a contribution to social justice, but recent changes in the reporting role have made this much more difficult. Finally, some suggestions are made about how probation’s traditional input into sentencing might be restored.

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Sani, Mustapha Sumaila, Sunday Akanmu Okegbile, Abdulkarim Bello Norde, and John Eze Edeh. "Academic Probation in Colleges of Education in North-Western Nigeria: Implementation and Impact." Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi dan Kejuruan 27, no. 2 (October 16, 2021): 102–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jptk.v27i2.43153.

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This study, which was guided by three research questions, used the qualitative method of a case study to explore the level of implementation of the academic probation policy in North-Western Nigeria, and how it impacted on academic performance of students. The population for this study included examination officers. The population is not intended to statistically represent a group on campus but is instead a group of individuals who shared a specific educational experience. Data was collected through interviews with Examination officers in the selected colleges and analyzed using the thematic data analysis technique. Findings of the study revealed that the colleges are implementing probation on students whose CGPA is less than 1:00 point in line with NCCE probation policy. It further revealed that the implementation of probation has positively impacted the probating students by making them work harder to remedy their deficiencies, improve their performances and subsequently pass their examinations to meet their graduation requirements. The study also found out that most of the probating students see probation as a punishment, a very difficult process, and an unpleasant situation. The study, therefore, recommended that Guidance and Counselling Units of colleges of education should always guide probating students on the importance of the policy for the improvement of their academic performances, and colleges of education should always make sure that experienced and qualified lecturers handle students on probation.

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Cywiński, Aleksander. "Report from research on mutual social representations of professional probation officers for adults and their charges." Polish Journal of Criminology 4, no. 1 (September 30, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.5779.

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In reference to Serge Moscovici’s theory of social representations and using the comprehensive interview methodology by Jean-Claude Kaufmann, I have conducted an analysis of interviews with professional court probation officers for adults and their charges. Asking about the representations they have in relation to each other, I have established the content of mutual social representations of probation officers and their charges, and I have selected the following types of participants in the probative relationship: land-oriented probation officer (CAT), court-oriented probation officer (KOS), charge RIGHT, charge LEFT.

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Zettler, Haley R., and Justin C. Medina. "Missed Officer–Probationer Contacts and Its Influence on Rearrest." Criminal Justice Policy Review 31, no. 3 (February 13, 2019): 374–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887403419828092.

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Probation supervision is marked by the dual roles of surveillance and casework. A key feature of supervision that aligns with the goals of community safety through surveillance is the use of officer–probationer contacts. The current study explores the relationship between missed probation contacts and rearrest while on supervision in a surveillance-driven context. Logistic regression analyses modeled the effects of missed contacts on rearrests using probation data from a large supervision agency ( n = 3,809). Analyses included the overall percentage of missed contacts and missed contacts above/below the median and mean percentage of missed contacts to subsequent rearrests while on supervision. Overall, the percentage of missed contacts increased the likelihood of rearrest while on probation. Furthermore, the percentage of missed probation contacts that significantly predicted rearrest was lower than expected (4.17%). The results suggest that missing contacts while on probation has a negative impact on probation success. Implications of these findings are discussed.

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Mawby, Rob C., and Anne Worrall. "‘They Were Very Threatening about Do-Gooding Bastards’: Probation's Changing Relationships with the Police and Prison Services in England and Wales." European Journal of Probation 3, no. 3 (December 2011): 78–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/206622031100300306.

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In recent decades the probation service has been encouraged to work closely with a range of public and voluntary sector agencies. This article examines probation's changing relationships with the police and prison services drawing on sixty interviews with current and former probation workers. Analysing probation-prison and probation-police relationships pre- and post-1998 and drawing on Davidson's (1976) typology of inter-organisational relationships, the article argues that, despite both structural and cultural transformations, there remain cultural continuities in each organisation that create tensions, the significance (both positive and negative) of which should not be under-estimated.

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Sirdifield, Coral, and Sara Owen. "Probation’s role in offender mental health." International Journal of Prisoner Health 12, no. 3 (September 12, 2016): 185–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-10-2015-0034.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how the role in offender mental health for the probation service described in policy translates into practice through exploring staff and offenders’ perceptions of this role in one probation trust. In particular, to examine barriers to staff performing their role and ways of overcoming them. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative secondary analysis of data from semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 11 probation staff and nine offenders using the constant comparative method. Findings Both staff and offenders defined probation’s role as identifying and monitoring mental illness amongst offenders, facilitating access to and monitoring offenders’ engagement with health services, and managing risk. Barriers to fulfilling this role included limited training, a lack of formal referral procedures/pathways between probation and health agencies, difficulties in obtaining and administering mental health treatment requirements, problems with inter-agency communication, and gaps in service provision for those with dual diagnosis and personality disorder. Strategies for improvement include improved training, developing a specialist role in probation and formalising partnership arrangements. Research limitations/implications Further research is required to explore the transferability of these findings, particularly in the light of the recent probation reforms. Originality/value This is the first paper to explore how staff and offenders perceive probation’s role in offender mental health in comparison with the role set out in policy.

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Lee, Jeeyoung. "A Phenomenological Study of Academic Probation Experience: Focusing on the Case of University A." Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 45, no. 2 (February 28, 2023): 647–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2023.02.45.02.647.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate causes of academic probation, major affectivity and university life experiences of college students before and after receiving academic probation at A university. 11 interviewees(five males and six female) participated in this study. This qualitative study applied the phenomenological analysis method of Colaizzi. University life experiences of college students who received academic probations were expressed by 107 significant statement and clustered into 22 formulated meanings, 5 themes, 3 themeclusters. As a result of qualitatively analyzing experiences of academic probation, 3 themeclusters of 'self-understanding/ confirmation of possibility/ supportive environment' and 1 final category of 'adaptation effort' were found. These results of the study are expected to be utilized as baseline data for preparing measures to support the ‘college adaptation’ of students on academic probation,

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Sturm, Annelies, Vivienne de Vogel, and Marcus JH Huibers. "Two sides of the working alliance: A qualitative study from the perspective of both probationers and probation officers." European Journal of Probation 14, no. 1 (January 26, 2022): 40–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20662203211056486.

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The probationer–probation officer working alliance plays an important role in the outcome of probation supervision. This study explored the development of the working alliance between probationers and probation officers in the Netherlands, from the perspective of both probationers and probation officers. More specifically, we explored the significance of different aspects of the working alliance at the start of probation supervision and after a three-month period, as well as the role played by critical incidents during the supervisory process and their subsequent effect on the working alliance. Overall, the study showed that clarity over goals and restrictions was initially the most salient issue for both parties, and that after a three-month period the working alliance evolved into a trusting relationship. Several incidents were identified, probationers identified more positive moments and less negative moments than their PO counterparts. If these types of incidents are managed accordingly by the probation officer, then they can ultimately serve to strengthen the relationship.

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Lemert, Edwin M. "Visions of Social Control: Probation Considered." Crime & Delinquency 39, no. 4 (October 1993): 447–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128793039004003.

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The extent to which probation in California controls criminal offenders is examined. A distinction is made between the representations of social control by probation and its realities. Some writers claim that penology has developed a new language and strategy directed to the management rather than treatment of offenders, scarcely true for probation, which receives more offenders than jails and prisons. Probation may have a new language but its most significant changes have been a massive deterioration in supervision due to loss of staff and budget and a heavy increase of cases. Study of four northern California county probation departments showed that a common adaptation to the avalanche of new cases and loss of staff was bankloading of cases. Increased caseload size has meant that many active cases go without supervision. Reasons for probation's marginal position and uncertain claims on county budgets are discussed.

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Yaraliev, Nariman. "On Improving the Effectiveness of Probation." Baikal Research Journal 14, no. 4 (December 29, 2023): 1665–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2411-6262.2023.14(4).1665-1671.

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The article considers the state of theory and practice of the institution of probation in domestic criminal law: its normative legal basis and practice of application. It is concluded that the reasons of the low effectiveness of this traditional criminal law measure of a criminal nature, with a very stable and significant scale of its application, lie, firstly, in the unjustified imposition of a suspended sentence on persons who have committed a crime, which, according to their socio-legal characteristics, do not deserve it, and, secondly, in the absence of the requirements necessary for such a serious benefit of a criminal law nature for the behavior of a probationer during the probation period. The real situation is that if a probationer does not commit a new crime during the probation period, the court usually does not even remember its existence. As a result, there are no visible criminal consequences of committing a crime for a probationer, except for compensation for the damage caused by the crime (in full or in part), neither actually nor legally occurs. The elimination of these reasons at the law enforcement level is impossible, it is necessary to change the legislative regulation of this measure of a criminal law nature with its orientation towards convicts who can actually justify their trust in the form of conditional non-use of the sentence imposed.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Probation"

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Hartley, D. "Breach of probation : a study of probation officers' actions." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305763.

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Sampson, Philip John. "Probation, modernity and discourse : the transformation of the probation service." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358445.

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Han, Yŏng-su. "Die Bedeutung und Einschätzung der kurzen Freiheitsstrafe in Deutschland und Südkorea /." Frankfurt am Main ;Berlin ;Bern ;New York ;Paris ;Wien : Lang, 1997. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/27183675X.pdf.

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Annison, Carolyn Jill. "Probing probation : issues of gender and organisation within the probation service." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/423.

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This study focuses on the probation service and the changes that are impacting on this part of the criminal justice system. It develops a theoretically distinctive approach, drawing on the literature of gender and organisations, in order to investigate issues relating to the organisational structures and processes experienced by male and female probation officers in three disparate probation areas in England. The opening two chapters examine the development of the organisation in terms of the hierarchical roles within the service and the gendered distribution of probation officer staff across the various grades. This review provides a unique understanding of the changing composition of the probation service and enables a gendered perspective to be applied to its history. Within this context issues of professional identity and autonomy, the value base and working practices of probation officers, and the shift from local to centralised control are scrutinised from an analytic position which identifies the embeddedness of gender within this organisational setting. The framework of a reflexive approach interweaves gendered issues from the quantitative findings with qualitative responses from interviews with male and female probation officers and participant observation within different working environments. New perspectives are gained on the shift from local to Home Office direction of the service, and into the abandonment of the social work qualification and ethos. Moreover, the complexities of working relationships and professional identities are opened up from a gendered viewpoint. In this respect the study addresses the absence of gender within other research in this area and concludes that a gendered analysis is of critical importance in understanding the extent of organisational change within the probation service.

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King, Samuel Joshua. "Going straight on probation : desistance transitions and the impact of probation." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3172/.

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This thesis explores primary desistance as a transitional phase between offending and crime cessation. Recent work has explored desistance within an integrated theoretical framework, combining elements of both structure and agency theories, and this thesis builds upon this by exploring the initial transitions towards desistance, and the prospective strategies to sustain it, among a group of adult male offenders under Probation supervision. Where agency has been employed in such accounts its conceptualisation has tended to be vague, and this thesis seeks to address this by examining agency as the temporally located reflexive deliberations of adult offenders upon their future goals and present social environment. This allows for the identification of individuals’ future goals in relation to desistance and the strategies that they intend to pursue to achieve them, in relation to their personal and social contexts. The thesis finds that recent Probation policy has delimited the role of supervising officer towards that of Offender Manager, which inhibits the relationship between officer and offender such that would-be desisters tend to revert to past repertoires of thought and action in their strategies. This is likely to sustain the social contexts that led to offending in the past, and is likely to hinder desistance in the future.

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Kwok, Yuk-lan Anna. "An exploratory study of the impact of stress and the coping strategies of probation officers on the quality of probation service." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42574316.

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Harms, Randi Jay. "Detention for probation violators: characteristics of youth locked up for violating probation." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/5392.

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This study examined the population of juvenile offenders admitted to a juvenile detention facility in one county in Kansas for a probation violation between July 1, 2010 and December 31, 2010. This descriptive study was exploratory in nature and identified characteristics of this population including demographics, risk of reoffending, case information, and outcomes. A total of 147 admissions were included in this study, involving 109 different youth, some of whom violated standard probation, and some of whom violated intensive supervision probation. This study also looked at the role of zero-tolerance language in sentencing orders and its role in the use of detention as a sanction for probation violations. For the majority of probation violation related detention admissions, the most serious offense in the case was a misdemeanor (71% of admissions) and a minor crime (65% of admissions). Nearly 50% of the admissions in this study were related to a single probation violation, and only 17% were related to an arrest or new charge. Of the 122 admissions for technical probation violations, 49% were related to a violation of zero-tolerance language in a sentencing order. Most of the admissions in this study resulted in a stay in detention that was less than one week, with 45% of admissions resulting in less than three days in detention. The vast majority (71%) of admissions for zero tolerance violations resulted in less than three days in detention. The results of this study indicate that nonviolent youth who have not committed serious crimes are serving time in detention due to technical probation violations. Additionally, zero tolerance language, particularly zero tolerance regarding school attendance, is related to multiple short stays in detention.
Thesis (M.A.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Criminal Justice

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Slattery, Neil (Neil Patrick) 1969 Carleton University Dissertation Sociology and Anthropology. "An investigation into probation officers' breach of probation practices for wife assault offenders." Ottawa.:, 1993.

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Wong, Hon-kei. "A study of factors influencing probation officers' pre-sentence recommendation for juvenile offenders /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13991024.

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Reichstein, Sheldon Philip. "Let the Punishment Fit the Crime: an Overview of the Historical Approach to Probation in the State of Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc801934/.

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Adult probation evolved in the United States as a result of the suspended sentence concept. As a result of a lack of follow through when an individual obtained a suspended sentence, there was no “checks and balances” to monitor whether an individual completed the guidelines set forth. As time progressed, it became apparent a more cohesive and monitored system was needed. Thus, an energetic and motivated individual, John Augustus, started the concept of probation by taking it upon himself to assist in the rehabilitative process of individuals charged with criminal behavior. Subsequent to his death, the concept of probation was embraced by his advocates who lobbied legislatively in order to enact probation laws that would oversee the success of probationers. It wasn’t until the 1950’s that the counties in the state of Texas took it upon themselves to enact their own system of monitoring of probationers. Over time the states have guided their probation concepts from evidence based research. Juvenile probation in the United States didn’t gain a solid foundation until the end of the 19th century with the development of the first juvenile court in Illinois. It took this country time to understand that juveniles were different than adults mentally; therefore, there would need to be a separation of juveniles from adults from being subjected to the same punishments as adults. The approach in dealing with juveniles was more grounded in treatment rather than in punishment. In the state of Texas, the focus for juvenile probation was based on different approaches based on the areas within the state. The juvenile system has gone through the due process era to its current state of the evidence based research. This thesis will provide the reader an overview of the history of the development of probation in the United States and in the State of Texas, specifically in the two largest counties in Texas. This thesis will go into detail in how probation came into existence to where it is in its current state.

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Books on the topic "Probation"

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McNeill, Fergus, Ioan Durnescu, and René Butter, eds. Probation. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51982-5.

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Canton, Rob, and Jane Dominey. Probation. Second edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315407029.

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National Institute of Justice (U.S.), ed. Probation. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Justice, National Institute of Justice, 1988.

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Nigel, Feaver, and Smith, David, 1947 Aug. 2-, eds. Probation. Oxford: published for the British Association of Social Workers by Oxford University Press, 1994.

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Stone, Nigel. Probation law. 3rd ed. Norwich: University of East Anglia, 1991.

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Stone, Nigel. Probation law. 4th ed. Norwich: University of East Anglia, Social Work Monographs, 1992.

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Arnaud, Alain. La probation. Paris: Editions Lettres vive, 1992.

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Stone, Nigel. Probation law. 6th ed. Norwich: University of East Anglia, 1995.

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9

Budde, Fred H. Probation dictionary. 2nd ed. 's-Hertogenbosch: Dutch Federation of Probation Institutions, 1990.

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Stone, Nigel. Probation law. 5th ed. Norwich: University of East Anglia, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Probation"

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Levesque, Roger J. R. "Probation." In Encyclopedia of Adolescence, 2170–71. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1695-2_686.

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Carey, Mark. "Probation." In Handbook of Evidence-Based Substance Abuse Treatment in Criminal Justice Settings, 143–71. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9470-7_9.

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Skinns, Christopher David. "Probation." In Conservative Government Penal Policy 2015-2021, 209–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-00797-2_5.

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Lindsay, Jane, and Kuljit Sandhu. "Probation." In Interprofessional Working in Health and Social Care, 152–63. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-39342-4_13.

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Levesque, Roger J. R. "Probation." In Encyclopedia of Adolescence, 2879–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33228-4_686.

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Shikhar, Shivangi, and Ntasha Bhardwaj. "Probation." In The Routledge Handbook on Global Community Corrections, 74–87. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003305149-8.

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Durnescu, Ioan, Fergus McNeill, and René Butter. "Introduction: Questions, Questions, Questions." In Probation, 1–7. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51982-5_1.

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Durnescu, Ioan. "Experiencing Supervision: From ‘Sparing the First Offenders’ to ‘Punishment in the Community’ and Repairing the Harm Done." In Probation, 197–215. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51982-5_10.

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Nellis, Mike. "Electronic Monitoring and Probation Practice." In Probation, 217–43. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51982-5_11.

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McNeill, Fergus, and Gwen Robinson. "Explaining Probation." In Probation, 245–61. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51982-5_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Probation"

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Ristova, Olja. "THE ROLE OF PROBATION SERVICE IN PRONOUNCING ALTERNATIVE MEASURES – SUSPENDED SENTENCES WITH PROTECTIVE SUPERVISION AND COMMUNITY SERVICE." In SECURITY HORIZONS. Faculty of Security- Skopje, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20544/icp.3.6.22.p21.

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The Law on Probation in the Republic of North Macedonia was adopted in 2015, but its implementation began in 2018, after the establishment of the Probation Offices in the Basic Courts with extended jurisdiction. Since the purpose of probation is a reduction in the prison population, education of the convicted person, as well as his/her resocialization and correction of behavior, an analysis of the scope of alternative measures to imprisonment is of great importance for examining the impact of probation reports when determining the type and weight of the criminal sanctions issued by judges. This research was conducted with a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the verdicts, in the period between 2019 and 2021, in which a suspended sentence with protected supervision and community service was issued based on the probation reports in the basic courts in North Macedonia. The quantitative analysis obtained data on the number of suspended sentences with protective supervision and community service at the level of probation offices in basic courts with extended jurisdiction. Qualitative research of the content of the verdicts gave insight into the type of crimes that most often elicit suspended sentences with protective supervision and community service by the courts; as well as the conditions, socio-economic and individual factors, based on which the respective probation office proposed protective supervision or community service in addition to suspended sentences. The analysis concludes that judges and prosecutors are insufficiently educated, which is reflected in the low level of cooperation with probation offices and the insufficient application of the legal provisions in order to achieve the main goals of probation. Keywords: alternative measures, probation, resocialization, correction, supervision.

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Martin, Laura, and Andrew Fowler. "A pedagogical response to the challenges of delivering collaborative probation education in online environments." In Fourth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head18.2018.8147.

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This paper explores the challenges in delivering post graduate probation education in a predominately online environment. It discusses the key pedagogical theories underpinning the teaching approach, with a particular emphasis on social constructivism, communities of practice and enquiry based learning. The complexities of engaging students in the types of discursive and collegiate activities inherent within these approaches whilst learning at a distance are discussed. A case study exploring the facilitation of a colloborative enquiry based task into the role of emotion work in probation practice is used to demonstrate our response to the challenges identified. Whilst the context of this paper is probation education, it has relevance to those teaching other disciplines within online settings. Keywords: Technology Enhanced learning; Digital Pedagogy; Probation Education; Professional Qualification in Probation

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Radovanović, Dragana. "Odgovarajuće radne i stručne sposobnosti zaposlenog i njihova provera probnim radom." In Onlajn konferencija pravnika u privredi Republike Srbije. Udruženje pravnika u privredi Srbije, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55836/zbornik_pip_2109a.

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A period of probation can be established during the employment process with the aim to determine whether the employees have the right skills and qualifications for the job they have been offered. A negative outcome of the probation period, or the employer’s evaluation that the employee does not meet the required standards, may result in termination of the employment contract. However, in case the employee has the correct skills for the job, the employment contract may be extended after the period of probation has ended. The uncertainty of the probation period (and survival of the employment status), together with the more common practice of abusing the employer’s assessment authority, require that employees should be provided with adequate protection during the period of assessment of their work performance.

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Sandu, Antonio. "Probation Counselors' Perspectives On Their Professional Practice." In 2nd Central and Eastern European LUMEN International Conference - Multidimensional Education and Professional Development. Ethical Values. Cognitive-crcs, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2017.07.03.82.

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Allen, Sarah, Rebecca D. Goodman, Marcy Podkopacz, W. David Kelton, and Aarti Shanker. "Evaluation of probation/parole scheduling via simulation." In the 25th conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/256563.257014.

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Oshurkevych, Sofiia, and Volodymyr Proskura. "Social Support for Persons Under Supervision Probation." In SOCIOLOGY – SOCIAL WORK AND SOCIAL WELFARE – REGULATION OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS. NDSAN (MFC - coordinator of the NDSAN), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32437/sswswproceedings-2020.sovp.

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Li, J., and J. Feng. "Probation of the private enterprises' informatization in Wenzhou." In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieem.2014.7058817.

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Rojas, Lizzet. "Attrition Risk Among College Students on Academic Probation." In AERA 2022. USA: AERA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/ip.22.1887832.

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Rojas, Lizzet. "Attrition Risk Among College Students on Academic Probation." In 2022 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1887832.

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Vasilenko, Alexandra. "Mediation Programs Used For Probation In Common Law Countries." In International Scientific Conference «Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism» dedicated to the 80th anniversary of Turkayev Hassan Vakhitovich. European Publisher, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.10.05.341.

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Reports on the topic "Probation"

1

Phillips, Jake. Understanding the impact of inspection on probation. Sheffield Hallam University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7190/shu.hkcij.05.2021.

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This research sought to understand the impact of probation inspection on probation policy, practice and practitioners. This important but neglected area of study has significant ramifications because the Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Probation has considerable power to influence policy through its inspection regime and research activities. The study utilised a mixed methodological approach comprising observations of inspections and interviews with people who work in probation, the Inspectorate and external stakeholders. In total, 77 people were interviewed or took part in focus groups. Probation practitioners, managers and leaders were interviewed in the weeks after an inspection to find out how they experienced the process of inspection. Staff at HMI Probation were interviewed to understand what inspection is for and how it works. External stakeholders representing people from the voluntary sector, politics and other non-departmental bodies were interviewed to find out how they used the work of inspection in their own roles. Finally, leaders within the National Probation Service and Her Majesty’s Prisons and Probation Service were interviewed to see how inspection impacts on policy more broadly. The data were analysed thematically with five key themes being identified. Overall, participants were positive about the way inspection is carried out in the field of probation. The main findings are: 1. Inspection places a burden on practitioners and organisations. Practitioners talked about the anxiety that a looming inspection created and how management teams created additional pressures which were hard to cope with on top of already high workloads. Staff responsible for managing the inspection and with leadership positions talked about the amount of time the process of inspection took up. Importantly, inspection was seen to take people away from their day jobs and meant other priorities were side-lined, even if temporarily. However, the case interviews that practitioners take part in were seen as incredibly valuable exercises which gave staff the opportunity to reflect on their practice and receive positive feedback and validation for their work. 2. Providers said that the findings and conclusions from inspections were often accurate and, to some extent, unsurprising. However, they sometimes find it difficult to implement recommendations due to reports failing to take context into account. Negative reports have a serious impact on staff morale, especially for CRCs and there was concern about the impact of negative findings on a provider’s reputation. 3. External stakeholders value the work of the Inspectorate. The Inspectorate is seen to generate highly valid and meaningful data which stakeholders can use in their own roles. This can include pushing for policy reform or holding government to account from different perspectives. In particular, thematic inspections were seen to be useful here. 4. The regulatory landscape in probation is complex with an array of actors working to hold providers to account. When compared to other forms of regulation such as audit or contract management the Inspectorate was perceived positively due to its methodological approach as well as the way it reflects the values of probation itself. 5. Overall, the inspectorate appears to garner considerable legitimacy from those it inspects. This should, in theory, support the way it can impact on policy and practice. There are some areas for development here though such as more engagement with service users. While recognising that the Inspectorate has made a concerted effort to do this in the last two years participants all felt that more needs to be done to increase that trust between the inspectorate and service users. Overall, the Inspectorate was seen to be independent and 3 impartial although this belief was less prevalent amongst people in CRCs who argued that the Inspectorate has been biased towards supporting its own arguments around reversing the now failed policy of Transforming Rehabilitation. There was some debate amongst participants about how the Inspectorate could, or should, enforce compliance with its recommendations although most people were happy with the primarily relational way of encouraging compliance with sanctions for non-compliance being considered relatively unnecessary. To conclude, the work of the Inspectorate has a significant impact on probation policy, practice and practitioners. The majority of participants were positive about the process of inspection and the Inspectorate more broadly, notwithstanding some of the issues raised in the findings. There are some developments which the Inspectorate could consider to reduce the burden inspection places on providers and practitioners and enhance its impact such as amending the frequency of inspection, improving the feedback given to practitioners and providing more localised feedback, and working to reduce or limit perceptions of bias amongst people in CRCs. The Inspectorate could also do more to capture the impact it has on providers and practitioners – both positive and negative - through existing procedures that are in place such as post-case interview surveys and tracking the implementation of recommendations.

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2

Lindo, Jason, Nicholas Sanders, and Philip Oreopoulos. Ability, Gender, and Performance Standards: Evidence from Academic Probation. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14261.

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Polinsky, A. Mitchell, and Paul Riskind. Deterrence and the Optimal Use of Prison, Parole, and Probation. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23436.

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Austin, Denise. Bringing Functional Family Probation Services to the Community: A Qualitative Case Study. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1435.

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Westaby, Chalen, Jake Phillips, Andre Fowler, and Samantha Ainslie. An evaluation of the implementation of reflective practice supervision standards in the national probation service. Sheffield Hallam University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7190/shu.hkcij.07.21.

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Miller, Joel. Using Data to Understand Homicides in Trinidad & Tobago. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006879.

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This document presents statistics and information related to homicides in Trinidad and Tobago. The presentation discusses how to use data from a series of sources -police, newspaper coverage of murders, and interviews with stakeholders (e.g. NGOs, police, government, prisons, probation)- to draw conclusions and craft solutions. This presentation was prepared for the International Inter-American Seminar: "Seguridad y Convivencia Ciudadana: Examinando Experiencias y Desafíos" held in Medellín, Colombia, on September 12th, 2005.

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