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Academic literature on the topic 'Probandho'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Probandho"

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Cotter, Philip D., Alison May, Liping Li, A. I. Al-Sabah, Edward J. Fitzsimons, Mario Cazzola, and David F. Bishop. "Four New Mutations in the Erythroid-Specific 5-Aminolevulinate Synthase (ALAS2) Gene Causing X-Linked Sideroblastic Anemia: Increased Pyridoxine Responsiveness After Removal of Iron Overload by Phlebotomy and Coinheritance of Hereditary Hemochromatosis." Blood 93, no. 5 (March 1, 1999): 1757–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v93.5.1757.

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Abstract X-linked sideroblastic anemia (XLSA) in four unrelated male probands was caused by missense mutations in the erythroid-specific 5-aminolevulinate synthase gene (ALAS2). All were new mutations: T647C, C1283T, G1395A, and C1406T predicting amino acid substitutions Y199H, R411C, R448Q, and R452C. All probands were clinically pyridoxine-responsive. The mutation Y199H was shown to be the first de novo XLSA mutation and occurred in a gamete of the proband’s maternal grandfather. There was a significantly higher frequency of coinheritance of the hereditary hemochromatosis (HH)HFE mutant allele C282Y in 18 unrelated XLSA hemizygotes than found in the normal population, indicating a role for coinheritance ofHFE alleles in the expression of this disorder. One proband (Y199H) with severe and early iron loading coinherited HH as a C282Y homozygote. The clinical and hematologic histories of two XLSA probands suggest that iron overload suppresses pyridoxine responsiveness. Notably, reversal of the iron overload in the Y199H proband by phlebotomy resulted in higher hemoglobin concentrations during pyridoxine supplementation. The proband with the R452C mutation was symptom-free on occasional phlebotomy and daily pyridoxine. These studies indicate the value of combined phlebotomy and pyridoxine supplementation in the management of XLSA probands in order to prevent a downward spiral of iron toxicity and refractory anemia.

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Cotter, Philip D., Alison May, Liping Li, A. I. Al-Sabah, Edward J. Fitzsimons, Mario Cazzola, and David F. Bishop. "Four New Mutations in the Erythroid-Specific 5-Aminolevulinate Synthase (ALAS2) Gene Causing X-Linked Sideroblastic Anemia: Increased Pyridoxine Responsiveness After Removal of Iron Overload by Phlebotomy and Coinheritance of Hereditary Hemochromatosis." Blood 93, no. 5 (March 1, 1999): 1757–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v93.5.1757.405a12_1757_1769.

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X-linked sideroblastic anemia (XLSA) in four unrelated male probands was caused by missense mutations in the erythroid-specific 5-aminolevulinate synthase gene (ALAS2). All were new mutations: T647C, C1283T, G1395A, and C1406T predicting amino acid substitutions Y199H, R411C, R448Q, and R452C. All probands were clinically pyridoxine-responsive. The mutation Y199H was shown to be the first de novo XLSA mutation and occurred in a gamete of the proband’s maternal grandfather. There was a significantly higher frequency of coinheritance of the hereditary hemochromatosis (HH)HFE mutant allele C282Y in 18 unrelated XLSA hemizygotes than found in the normal population, indicating a role for coinheritance ofHFE alleles in the expression of this disorder. One proband (Y199H) with severe and early iron loading coinherited HH as a C282Y homozygote. The clinical and hematologic histories of two XLSA probands suggest that iron overload suppresses pyridoxine responsiveness. Notably, reversal of the iron overload in the Y199H proband by phlebotomy resulted in higher hemoglobin concentrations during pyridoxine supplementation. The proband with the R452C mutation was symptom-free on occasional phlebotomy and daily pyridoxine. These studies indicate the value of combined phlebotomy and pyridoxine supplementation in the management of XLSA probands in order to prevent a downward spiral of iron toxicity and refractory anemia.

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Pujol, Pascal, Nathalie Alegre, Pierre vande Perre, Yves-Jean Bignon, Jean Chiesa, Marie Christine Picot, Virginie Galibert, Helena Bertet, and Carole Corsini. "Psychosocial and clinical factors of probands impacting intrafamilial disclosure and uptake of genetic testing in families with BRCA1/2 or MMR gene mutations." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e13151-e13151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e13151.

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e13151 Background: Intrafamilial disclosure of hereditary cancer predisposition in BRCA1/2 and mismatch repair gene (MMR) syndromes allows appropriate prevention strategies in at-risk relatives. We previously showed in a nationwide study that the uptake of genetic targeted testing (GTT) in these families by relatives was only 30%. We aimed to identify the medical and psychosocial factors affecting the proband’s intrafamilial disclosure and relatives’ uptake of GTT in BRCA1/2 or MMR syndromes. Methods: We assessed clinical variables, family history and several psychological variables of probands (depression, anxiety, alexithymia, optimism, coping, family relationship, perception of cancer risks and of hereditary transmission risks), together with disclosure and verified uptake of GTT in BRCA1/2 or MMR families. Results: Among relatives eligible for GTT, 68% were informed of the predisposition and 37% underwent GTT, according to proband reports. Intrafamilial disclosure was inversely associated with the degree of kinship (P < 0.01). In multivariable analysis, disclosure increased with time since proband’s genetic diagnosis (P < 0.01) and proband’s feeling of family cohesion (P = 0.01). GTT uptake increased with proband’s depression score (P = 0.02) and decreased with proband’s perception of cancer risks (P = 0.03). BRCA1/2 and MMR groups did not differ in findings concerning family information and GTT uptake. Conclusions: This study identified factors affecting disclosure to relatives and GTT uptake in BRCA1/2 and MMR syndromes and gives new insights to improve probands’ follow-up and intrafamilial sharing of genetic information.

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Fisher, S. G., P. Mumby, and S. Kohli. "Effect of familial breast cancer outcomes on health behaviors of relatives." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 1521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.1521.

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1521 Background: While the disease outcomes of breast cancer probands do not affect the objective risk of first degree relatives (FDR), the morbidity and mortality experience may impact their subsequent perceptions and health behaviors. This study examines the influence of a proband’s disease course on screening behaviors, perceived risk, self-efficacy, traumatic stress and related mood disturbances of FDR. Methods: A cross-sectional sample of 149 FDR was recruited (79% of respondents) by invitations distributed by 545 probands. Respondents were categorized into a ‘high impact’ group whose familial proband had expired, relapsed or undergone intensive chemotherapy (n=55), and a ‘low impact’ group whose proband was disease-free after surgery ± radiation (n=94). This sample provided a power of 84% for detection of a 1.5 unit difference in screening indices and a 10% difference in perceived risk between groups with a two-sided alpha level of 0.05. Parameters were measured by self-administered, mailed surveys of newly-developed and established instruments. Objective risk assessments were completed by a genetic counselor. Statistical analyses included parametric and non-parametric methods, as appropriate. Results: While the high impact group reported perceptions of greater familial proband suffering (8.6 vs.5.8) and greater anxiety and doubt regarding mammography benefits (11% vs. 1%) (p<0.01), there was no statistically significant difference between groups in screening behaviors or perceived risk. The high impact group experienced sleep disturbances (28%), emotional stress (52%), and mood swings (61%) more often than the comparison group (p<0.001). FDR with the highest objective risk had significantly higher scores on screening indices and perceived risk (p<0.01) but significantly lower knowledge regarding breast cancer (p=0.04). Conclusions: This study suggests that while morbidity and mortality of familial probands is not associated with screening practices of FDR, it does have a negative impact on their psychological well-being. Enhanced strategies to educate and support FDR regarding familial breast cancer risk and potential psychological repercussions of the proband’s experience are warranted. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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De Paiva, Isaias Soares, Gleyson da Cruz Pinto, Fellipe Carlos Correa Batista, and Caroline Graça De Paiva. "Mucopolissacaridose IIIB – relato de três casos e estimativa da incidência no município de Teresópolis - RJ." Brazilian Journal of Health Review 6, no. 4 (August 29, 2023): 19091–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv6n4-399.

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As mucopolissacaridoses (MPSs), são doenças metabólicas hereditárias raras, causadas pela deficiência de uma enzima lisossomal, necessária para degradar os glicosaminoglicanos (GAGs). Atualmente 11 deficiências enzimáticas estão envolvidas em MPS, produzindo sete fenótipos clínicos, classificadas em tipo I, II, III, IV, VI, VII e IX, de acordo com a deficiência enzimática específica. A MPS III ou Síndrome de Sanfilippo é subdividida em quatro subtipos: IIIA, IIIB, IIIC e IIID, de acordo com a deficiência enzimática. A incidência global da MPS é 1:25.000 a 1:45.000. A incidência da MPS III varia de 0,004:100.000 a 2,40:100.000, sendo mais frequente em países do sul da Europa. No Brasil, a incidência é muito inferior, estimando-se 0,09:100.000. Relatar três pacientes com diagnóstico de MPS III e estimar sua incidência no município de Teresópolis/RJ. estudo descritivo constando de relato de caso e estimativa da incidência da MPS III em Teresópolis/RJ. Probanda 1 – GCB, 13 anos, feminino, branca. Mãe Gesta III, Para III. Nasceu de parto cesáreo no termo; pesou 3.300 gramas e mediu 51 cm. Sintomas neurológicos proeminentes após sete anos idade. Ensaio enzimático NAGLU diminuído. Probando 2 – PFC, 22 meses, masculino, branco. Referido por fenótipo MPS. Quinto filho de pais consanguíneos. Nasceu parto cesáreo, termo; pesou 2.700 gramas, mediu 47 cm. Ensaio enzimático para NAGLU indetectável. Probanda 3 - MECO, 31 meses, feminino. Primeira filha de pais consanguíneos. Nasceu parto cesáreo, termo; pesou 4.200 gramas, mediu 51 cm. Os três probandos são naturais de Teresópolis/RJ, filhos de pais consanguíneos, evoluiram com atraso do DNPM e apresentavam fenótipo típico MPS e hepatoesplenomegalia. A incidência estimada de MPS III na cidade Teresópolis é superior à incidência global e brasileira. A probanda 1 apresentava sintomas neurológicos predominantes, enquanto os probandos 2 e 3 tinham sintomas somáticos predominantes e precoces, o que não é habitual na MPS III. Todos os pacientes eram filhos de pais consanguíneos e apresentavam o fenótipo típico de MPS. A incidência de MPS III de 1,81:100.000 é muito alta em relação à incidência global e brasileira.

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Pedrazzani, Carla, Monica Aceti, Reka Schweighoffer, Andrea Kaiser-Grolimund, Nicole Bürki, Pierre O. Chappuis, Rossella Graffeo, et al. "The Communication Chain of Genetic Risk: Analyses of Narrative Data Exploring Proband–Provider and Proband–Family Communication in Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 8 (July 29, 2022): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12081249.

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Low uptake of genetic services among members of families with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) suggests limitations of proband-mediated communication of genetic risk. This study explored how genetic information proceeds from healthcare providers to probands and from probands to relatives, from the probands’ perspectives. Using a grounded-theory approach, we analyzed narrative data collected with individual interviews and focus groups from a sample of 48 women identified as carriers of HBOC-associated pathogenic variants from three linguistic regions of Switzerland. The findings describe the “communication chain”, confirming the difficulties of proband-mediated communication. Provider–proband communication is impacted by a three-level complexity in the way information about family communication is approached by providers, received by probands, and followed-up by the healthcare system. Probands’ decisions regarding disclosure of genetic risk are governed by dynamic and often contradictory logics of action, interconnected with individual and family characteristics, eventually compelling probands to engage in an arbitrating process. The findings highlight the relevance of probands’ involvement in the communication of genetic risk to relatives, suggesting the need to support them in navigating the complexity of family communication rather than replacing them in this process. Concrete actions at the clinical and health system levels are needed to improve proband-mediated communication.

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Miller, Jessica E., Kim W. Carter, Nicholas de Klerk, and David P. Burgner. "The familial risk of infection-related hospitalization in children: A population-based sibling study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 28, 2021): e0250181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250181.

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Objective To assess the risk of severe childhood infections within families, we conducted a sibling analysis in a population-based cohort study with genealogical linkage. We investigated the sibling risk of hospitalization with common infections, a marker of severity. We hypothesized that having siblings hospitalized for infection would increase the proband’s risk of admission with infection. Study design We used population data on Western Australian live-born singletons and their siblings between 1980 and 2014. Measures of infection were infection-related hospitalizations from discharge diagnostic codes. Exposure was having a sibling who had an infection-related hospitalization. Outcomes were infection-related hospitalizations in the child/proband. Probands were followed until an infection-related hospitalization admission (up to the first three), death, 18th birthday, or end of 2014, whichever occurred first. Infection risks were estimated by adjusted Cox proportional hazard models for multiple events. Results Of 512,279 probands, 142,915 (27.9%) had infection-related hospitalizations; 133,322 (26.0%) had a sibling with a previous infection-related hospitalization (i.e. exposed). Median interval between sibling and proband infection-related hospitalizations was 1.4 years (inter-quartile range 0.5–3.7). Probands had a dose-dependent increase in risk if sibling/s had 1, 2, or 3+ infection-related hospitalizations (adjusted hazard ratio, aHR 1.41, 95% CI 1.39–1.43; aHR 1.65, 1.61–1.69; aHR 1.83, 1.77–1.90, respectively). Among siblings with the same clinical infection type, highest sibling risks were for genitourinary (aHR 2.06, 1.68–2.53), gastrointestinal (aHR 2.07, 1.94–2.19), and skin/soft tissue infections (aHR 2.34, 2.15–2.54). Overall risk of infection-related hospitalization was higher in children with more siblings and with older siblings. Conclusion In this population-based study, we observed an increased risk of infection-related hospitalization in children whose siblings were previously hospitalized for infection. Public health interventions may be particularly relevant in families of children hospitalized with infection.

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Scheftner, William A., Michael A. Young, Jean Endicott, William Coryell, Louis Fogg, David C. Clark, and Jan Fawcett. "Family History and Five-year Suicide Risk." British Journal of Psychiatry 153, no. 6 (December 1988): 805–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.153.6.805.

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Family history was examined to determine whether suicide in index patients is associated with suicidal behaviour or mental disorder in their first-degree relatives. Twenty-seven suicides occurred within 5½ years among 955 affectively disordered probands. Among 5042 proband relatives aged 18 years and older, 44 had committed suicide prior to proband entry to the study; however, only one was the relative of a proband suicide. Only two of the relatives who committed suicide were themselves related. As to attempted suicide of relatives, neither the number of attempts nor the severity of attempt was predictive of suicide in probands. Comparison of diagnosis between groups of relatives showed more drug abuse among relatives of proband suicides; this appears to be related to drug abuse among the proband suicides themselves. In contrast to the clustering of suicides within biological families found in other research, these data do not support the use of family history as a clinically useful indicator of suicidal potential in affectively disordered probands.

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Rice, Mabel L., Karla R. Haney, and Kenneth Wexler. "Family Histories of Children With SLI Who Show Extended Optional Infinitives." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 41, no. 2 (April 1998): 419–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4102.419.

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Previous family history studies have demonstrated that there are elevated rates of language and language-related impairments in families identified through probands with language impairments. This study examines family histories of children with specific language impairment (SLI) known to have particular grammatical limitations in a core feature of grammatical acquisition, a stage known as Extended Optional Infinitives (EOI). Family affectedness rates are reported for 31 families identified through preschool probands with this clearly defined language impairment and 67 control families, identified through nonaffected preschool children developmentally similar to the probands. It was found that significantly more speech and language difficulties, as well as language-related difficulties, such as reading, were reported for proband families than control families. The elevated rates were obtained for nuclear family members and extended family members as well. Fathers of probands were more often reported as having difficulties (29% for speech/language impairments) than were mothers of probands (7%), but there was no difference between brothers (26%) and sisters (29%). No differences were evident between proband families based on proband gender. The findings are relevant for theoretical models of sources of unexplained variations in grammatical competence in young children. In addition, the findings contribute new information about expected rates of affectedness, means of identification of affected family members, and comorbidity of symptomatology.

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Zhuang, Jianlong, Yu Zheng, Yuanbai Wang, Qianmei Zhuang, Yuying Jiang, Qingyue Xie, Shuhong Zeng, and Jianxing Zeng. "Identification of a new β-thalassaemia variant Term CD+32(HBB: c.32A>C) in two Chinese families." Journal of Clinical Pathology 73, no. 9 (February 27, 2020): 593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206426.

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Aimsβ-Thalassaemia is an inherited blood disorder caused by mutations in the β-globin gene cluster. Molecular characterisation of β-thalassaemia is essential for its diagnosis and management. More and more rare and novel mutations have been reported.MethodsTwo Chinese families with β-thalassaemia from Fujian Province were recruited in this study. The phenotypes of the probands were confirmed through haematological analysis. Routine molecular analysis of thalassaemia was employed to identify the common mutations of thalassaemia. The rare and novel mutations were detected by direct DNA sequencing.ResultsIn family 1, the proband, a Chinese woman aged 31 years, showed elevated level of haemoglobin A2 (HbA2). No common mutations associated with β-thalassaemia were detected, whereas a rare mutation Term CD+32(HBB: c.32A>C) was identified through DNA sequencing. Subsequent investigation of the β-thalassaemia mutation in her family showed that her mother, her brother as well as her nephew also carried this mutation. In addition, both the proband’s husband and her son carrying the rare --THAI mutation exhibited decreased levels of MCH, MCH and HbA2. In family 2, the proband, a child aged 1 year, showed elevated level of HbA2, but had no common mutations of β-thalassaemia. The proband was identified carrying the mutation Term CD+32(HBB: c.32A>C), which was inherited from his mother.ConclusionsIn this study, we first report a rare β-thalassaemia mutation in Fujian Province, Southeast China. Moreover, our study also identified this rare mutation in humans. This finding has helped broaden the spectrum of β-thalassaemia mutations in our region and suggested that this rare mutation may be more prevalent in the Chinese population.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Probandho"

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Mukherjee, Chiranjib. "Balendranather probandho sahityo : sristi o shaili ; বলেন্দ্রনাথের প্রবন্ধ সাহিত্য : সৃষ্টি ও শৈলী." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/980.

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Kutajová, Eva. "Bewährungshilfe aus der Sicht jugendlicher und heranwachsender Probanden ein Vergleich zwischen deutschen Probanden und Probanden mit Migrationshintergrund." Hamburg Diplomica-Verl, 2008. http://d-nb.info/994548834/04.

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Kutajová, Eva. "Bewährungshilfe aus der Sicht jugendlicher und heranwachsender Probanden : ein Vergleich zwischen deutschen Probanden und Probanden mit Migrationshintergrund /." Hamburg : Diplomica Verl, 2009. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=018949271&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Kiem, Sara Alessia. "fMRT-Ruhenetzwerke gesunder Probanden." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-157344.

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Die Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Nebennierenrinden-Achse (HPA-Achse) ist ein hierarchisch organisiertes, neuroendokrines System, das unter anderem die Freisetzung des Nebennierenrindenhormons Kortisol, dem zentralen Hormon der Stressantwort und der Homöostase des Organismus in Bezug auf die Anpassung an Umweltanforderungen, regelt. Die HPA-Achse ist in ein komplexes System von Regulationsnetzwerken eingebunden, über die der Organismus die Anpassung an ständig wechselnde Anforderungen erfasst und steuert. Fehlanpassungen der HPA-Achse sind hierbei von großer klinischer Bedeutung, da sie zu psychiatrischen Erkrankungen führen können. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es daher, HPA-Achsen-regulierende kortikale Netzwerke mithilfe der funktionalen Magnetresonanztomographie (fMRT) in verschiedenen Versuchansätzen zu identifizieren. Der Stand der bisherigen Forschungsergebnisse deutet darauf hin, dass es grundsätzlich einen mit der Methode der fMRT messbaren Zusammenhang zwischen diesen kortikalen Netzwerken im Gehirn und der neuroendokrinologischen Stressregulationsachse (HPA-Achse) gibt. Wichtige Knotenpunkte solcher kortikaler Netzwerke sind dabei insbesondere Kerne der Amygdala, Teile des Hippokampus und des Hypothalamus sowie Bereiche des präfrontalen Kortex. Diese Regionen üben zum einen Einfluss auf die Freisetzung des Corticotropin-releasing-Hormons (CRH) im Hypothalamus aus, zum anderen werden sie durch Kortisol rekursiv in ihrer Funktion durch ein negatives Feedback beeinflusst. Diese beiden Aspekte wurden im Rahmen dieser Arbeit in separaten Analysen bearbeitet: Es wurde zunächst untersucht, ob die Aktivität der kortikalen Netzwerke des Gehirns in Ruhe das Ergebnis des kombinierten Dexamethason-Suppressions-CRH-Stimulations-Tests (Dex/CRH-Test) als sensitiven endokrinologischen Stresstest vorhersagen kann. Ferner wurde untersucht, ob sich die Aktivität der Ruhenetzwerke durch eine experimentelle Modulation des Kortisolspiegels signifikant verändert, wobei sowohl der Effekt einer intravenösen Applikation von Kortisol im Vergleich zu Placebo als auch der Effekt einer durch Dexamethason herbeigeführten Suppression von Kortisol untersucht wurde. Bei der hierfür durchgeführten Studie handelt es sich um ein placebo-kontrolliertes, endokrinologisches fMRT-Experiment im Cross-Over-Design mit kombinierter EEG. Zusätzlich zu den EEG/fMRT-Ruhe-Messungen wurde ein Dex/CRH-Test außerhalb des MRT aufgenommen, um die Funktionalität der HPA-Achse in den Probanden zu quantifizieren. Es wurden 20 gesunde männliche Probanden untersucht. An den Messtagen 1 und 3 wurde je eine knapp einstündige kombinierte EEG/fMRT-Messung durchgeführt, wobei einmal 20 mg Kortisol, gelöst in 10 ml Kochsalzlösung, und einmal 0,9%-ige Kochsalzlösung (10 ml) während der Messung durch eine Bolusinjektion verabreicht wurden. Am Messtag 2 wurden die EEG/fMRT-Ruhe-Daten (~ 15 Minuten) im Status der Kortisolsuppression durch Dexamethason aufgenommen. Die kombinierte EEG-Messung diente hier vor allem der Vigilanzüberwachung der Probanden, da aus verschiedenen Studien bekannt ist, dass sich die Ruhenetzwerke des Gehirns in Abhängigkeit des Vigilanzstatus verändern. An einem zusätzlichen 4. Messtag wurde außerhalb des MRT an einer Teilgruppe der Probanden die Wirkung einer Kortisolbolusinjektion (20 mg) auf Blutdruck, Puls und Sauerstoffsättigung bestimmt und zusätzlich auch die Wirksamkeit des extern zugeführten Kortisols auf die HPA-Achse ermittelt. Die fMRT-Ruhe-Daten wurden mit komplementären Methoden aus dem Bereich der Konnektivitätsanalysen untersucht. Dabei wurden sowohl hypothesengeleitete Analysen von Ruhenetzwerken über die Seed-Methode als auch Kreuzkor-relationsanalysen definierter Regionen, oder - im explorativen Ansatz - des gesamten Gehirns einschließlich voxelbasierter Verfahren, angewandt. Die Analysen zur Modulierung des Kortisolmilieus insgesamt betrachtet lassen den Schluss zu, dass sich die funktionelle Konnektivität des Gehirns in Ruhe durch die Änderung des Kortisolmilieus ändert, sei es durch direkte exogene Kortisolgabe, oder indirekten Kortisolentzug durch die Dexamethasonsuppression. Der Schwerpunkt dieser kortisolabhängigen Modulation lag dabei in präfrontal basierten Ruhenetzwerken. In den Analysen, in denen die drei Zustände der Kortisolmilieuänderungen (Kortisol, Placebo, Kortisolsuppression) verglichen wurden, zeigten sich stärkere Effekte durch die Kortisolsuppression als durch das exogen zugeführte Kortisol. Diese Effekte hatten ihren regionalen Schwerpunkt für die hypothesenbasierte Seedanalyse im medialen präfrontalen Kortex/anterioren cingulären Kortex (ACC), und in der explorativen Analyse im dorsolateralen präfrontalen Kortex. Effekte auf den Hippokampus und die Amygdala waren dabei relativ schwach ausgeprägt. Die Analysen der dynamischen Änderung nach Kortisolgabe im Vergleich zu Placebo zeigten Effekte im subcallosalen/ subgenualen ACC und im dorsalen ACC, sowohl im hypothesengesteuerten als auch im explorativen Ansatz. Da der Analyseschwerpunkt bisheriger Arbeiten auf der Hippokampus/Amygdala-Region lag wird neu postuliert, dass Akuteffekte nach 20 mg Kortisol möglicherweise auf ACC-Regionen stärker wirken als auf den Hippokampus. Ebenfalls hergestellt werden konnte ein prädiktiver Zusammenhang zwischen der Stärke der funktionellen Konnektivität in limbischen und paralimbischen Regionen in Ruhe, insbesondere hippokampaler Netzwerke, und dem Ergebnis des Dex/CRH-Tests. Da der Dex/CRH-Test das gesamte zerebrale Feedbacksystem belastet, kann hieraus abgeleitet werden, dass spezifische Netzwerke in beiden Korrelationsrichtungen einen Einfluss auf das Ergebnis des Dex/CRH-Tests haben. Damit wurde erstmals indirekt das Regulationssystem sichtbar gemacht, das durch den Dex/CRH-Test belastet wird. In zukünftigen Studien können die konzentrations- und zeitabhängige Sensitivität der Ruhenetzwerke gegenüber Kortisol, zusammen mit der funktionellen Konnektivität, die die individuelle Regulation der HPA-Achse vorhersagt, als Grundlage zur Etablierung eines Stressbiomarkes verwendet werden.

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Mahaini, Luai. "Kraniofaziale Strukturen syrischer und deutscher Probanden." Diss., lmu, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-31523.

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Best, Christofer [Verfasser], and Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Schumann. "Wahrnehmung der Exspirationskontrolle bei spontanatmenden Probanden." Freiburg : Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1119716942/34.

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Stein, Anja. "Dopplersonographie der retrobulbären Gefässe bei augengesunden Probanden." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=968960235.

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Bernhardt, Lutz Philipp [Verfasser]. "Vergleich von Probanden mit lean-NAFLD mit Probanden ohne NAFLD und erhöhtem BMI in einer zufälligen Bevölkerungsstichprobe / Lutz Philipp Bernhardt." Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1137264780/34.

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Hartig, Kerstin. "Auswirkungen von Clomethiazol auf den Schlaf gesunder Probanden." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=970388586.

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Eckert, Roland. "Untersuchungen zu Uridinplasmaspiegeln bei HIV-Patienten und Probanden." Doctoral thesis, kostenfrei, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-28269.

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Books on the topic "Probandho"

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Hesener, Bernhard. Die Arbeitsbeziehung Bewährungshelfer-Proband: Eine Evaluationsstudie. Köln: Heymann, 1986.

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P, Jorge Fábrega. La carga de la prueba (onus probandi). 2nd ed. Panamá: Cultural Portobelo, 2012.

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Achtmann, Julia. Der Schutz des Probanden bei der klinischen Arzneimittelprüfung. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31997-6.

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Pelz, Joachim R. Aussagefähigkeit und Aussagewilligkeit von Probanden bei der Conjoint-Analyse. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-7077-0.

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Bieker, Rolf. Bewährungshilfe aus der Adressatenperspektive: Sichtweisen, Erfahrungen und Reaktionen der Probanden. Bonn: Forum Verlag Godesberg, 1989.

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Treviño, Luis Carlos. Luis Carlos Treviño: La vida de un hombre enamorado de un micrófono : XEX probando. Monterrey, Nuevo León: Ediciones Castillo, 1992.

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Reinhuber, Franziska. Monoamin Oxidase in Blutplättchen - visuell evozierte potentiale -Persönlichkeitsfaktoren: Eine Zusammenhangsstudie zwischen biochemischen, neurophysiologischen und charakterologischen Merkmalen bei gesunden Probanden. [S.l.]: [s.n.], 1985.

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Cloidt-Stotz, Julia. Der Schadensausgleich für Probanden der humanmedizinischen Forschung: Rechtslage und Reformdiskussion in den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika und der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Köln: C. Heymann, 1990.

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Wagner, Andreas Johannes Wolfgang. MR-tomographische Charakterisierung von Volumen, transversaler Relaxationszeit und effektiver transversaler Relaxationszeit der Leber von Probanden mit erhöhtem Risiko für Typ 2-Diabetes mellitus. [S.l: s.n.], 2014.

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Olga, Andrew Grey, and Reese Dante. Probando el Amor. Dreamspinner Press, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Probandho"

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Becker, Wolfgang, Patrick Ulrich, Tim Botzkowski, Alexandra Fibitz, and Meike Stradtmann. "Charakterisierung der Probanden." In Kooperationen zwischen Mittelstand und Start-up-Unternehmen, 69–88. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-19646-2_5.

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Schepank, H., and W. Tress. "Untersuchung der Probanden." In Psychogene Erkrankungen der Stadtbevölkerung, 60–73. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09568-3_8.

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Becker, Wolfgang, Patrick Ulrich, and Tim Botzkowski. "Charakterisierung der Probanden." In Industrie 4.0 im Mittelstand, 47–52. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-15656-5_5.

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Schüttler, Jürgen. "Infusionsstudie bei Probanden." In Pharmakokinetik und -dynamik des intravenösen Anaesthetikums Propofol (Disoprivan®), 28–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46706-6_5.

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Becker, Wolfgang, Patrick Ulrich, Oliver Schmid, and Christoph Feichtinger. "Charakterisierung der Probanden." In Industrielle Digitalisierung, 47–52. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-28815-0_5.

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Becker, Wolfgang, Patrick Ulrich, and Tim Botzkowski. "Charakterisierung der Probanden." In Data Analytics im Mittelstand, 41–50. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-06563-8_5.

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Becker, Wolfgang, Patrick Ulrich, and Tim Botzkowski. "Charakterisierung der Probanden." In Mergers & Acquisitions im Mittelstand, 31–37. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-09655-7_4.

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Sehrt, Daniel, Jürgen Brockmöller, and Axel Mescheder. "Arzneimittelforschung an gesunden Probanden." In Handbuch Ethik und Recht der Forschung am Menschen, 341–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35099-3_57.

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Molz, K. H. "Der symptomatische Proband." In Good Clinical Practice I, 201–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77152-1_20.

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Mlynski, G., B. Mlynski, and F. Marschall. "Rhinoresistometrische Meßwerte von gesunden Probanden." In Sitzungsbericht, 321. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85188-9_312.

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Conference papers on the topic "Probandho"

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Obst, A., B. Stubbe, T. Penzel, I. Fietze, and R. Ewert. "Schlafqualität und Leistungsfähigkeit bei gesunden Probanden." In 64. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin e. V. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1778939.

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Persson, Andreas, Pedro Zuidberg Dos Martires, Luc de Raedt, and Amy Loufti. "ProbAnch: a Modular Probabilistic Anchoring Framework." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/771.

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Modeling object representations derived from perceptual observations, in a way that is also semantically meaningful for humans as well as autonomous agents, is a prerequisite for joint human-agent understanding of the world. A practical approach that aims to model such representations is perceptual anchoring, which handles the problem of mapping sub-symbolic sensor data to symbols and maintains these mappings over time. In this paper, we present ProbAnch, a modular data-driven anchoring framework, whose implementation requires a variety of well-orchestrated components, including a probabilistic reasoning system.

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Lindner, S., J. Teichert, C. Hoermann, J. Michels, F. Herth, D. Duerschmied, and S. Britsch. "Oronasaler CPAP erhöht die Zwerchfelldickenänderungsrate bei gesunden Probanden." In 64. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin e. V. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1778823.

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Malátová, Renáta, Petr Bahenský, Martin Mareš, and David Marko. "Influence of the intervention program according to Pulmonary Rehabilitation principles on breathing functions of healthy individuals." In 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-12.

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Purpose: The aim of the study is to develop and verify an intervention program based on find-ings of the subject field Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the application of such programme to a daily program of healthy probands over a six-week period. The authors were concerned with determining whether an intervention program, based on a combination of aerobic load and resistance training, might affect the breathing stereotype and breathing functions in healthy individuals. Methods: Muscle dynamometer MD03 was used to examine the extent of engagement of in-dividual breathing regions. Breathing functions, or more specifically, the forced vital capacity (FVC) and one-second vital capacity (FEV1), were measured by means of Spirometer Ot-thon, and the evaluation was conducted using program ThorSoft. The intervention included 6 probands at the age of 21.3 ± 0.8 who exercise regularly. The probands underwent initial and final tests. The data obtained were evaluated and substantial significance was deter-mined using Cohen’s d, and the Student’s paired t test for dependent selection. Significance value was determined at significance value α = 0.05. Data were processed in programs Mi-crosoft Excel 2016 and Statistica 12. Results: The tested set of probands showed a substantially significant change of value FVC (Cohen’s d = −0.13, i.e. a small effect). This change was also statistically significant. As regards value FEV , a substantially significant change incurred (Cohen’s d = −0.23, i.e. a small effect). Likewise, this change was statistically significant. The analysis of breathing movements of the observed group of probands revealed improvement especially in the lower thoracic region (abdominal) following the completion of the intervention program. In resting breathing, a substantially significant (Cohen’s d = 2.83, a large effect) as well as statistically significant change was effectuated in this region. In the middle thoracic region, a substantial-ly significant change (Cohen’s d = 0.01, i.e. a small effect) incurred; however, there was no statistical change. No substantially or statistically significant changes were obtained for the upper thoracic (subclavian) region. Conclusion: Our results imply that the aforementioned intervention applied in healthy individ-uals who exercise regularly hasn’t had a positive influence on breathing functions. Though there was a small improvement in the breathing stereotype, the optimum engagement of the abdominal breathing region within the breathing wave as described in specialized literature was not accomplished.

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Kaplan, Aleš, Iva Hnátová, and Miloš Peca. "The Effect Of Kinesio Taping On The Result In The Standing Long Jump." In 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-45.

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This paper draws attention to a short-term experiment that aims to elucidate the effect of kinesio taping of the musculus triceps surae on performance in the standing long jump. We therefore dealt with an area that has not yet been suficiently explored. For this reason, our aim was to determine and evaluate the effect of the application of kinesio taping on muscle strength in the standing long jump and to make a comparison with the results without the use of kinesio taping. The musculus triceps surae was selected for testing. Thus, we assume that the application of facilitation kinesio taping to the musculus triceps surae will influence the probands’ performance in the standing long jump. The experiment was performed with a group of n=20 young probands, athletes aged 16.25 (± 0.76), without prior injury. In this context, we realise that we cannot generalise the results to cover the entire population, es-pecially to injured individuals or after an accident.

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Beňuš, Patrik, David Líška, Daniel Gurín, Martin Pupiš, and Zuzana Pupišová. "The Impact Of Core Exercise And Myofascial Release In The Initial Part Of Training On The Performance And Prevention Of Injuries In Footbal Players." In 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-15.

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Introduction: One of the basic processes to improve stability and prevent injuries in sport is warming up. The aim of our work is to verify the impact of the first part of the training unit (warm-up) on the stability and performance of the footballer. Probands: The research work was carried out on 37 football players in the category U-19 and U-17 in the football club – JUPIE football school of Marek Hamšík. Probands were divided into two groups. The test group consisted of 19 U-19 football players (age average 17.2 ± 0.87), the control group consisted of 18 U-17 football players (age average 15 ± 0.5). Methods: Both groups underwent input measurement consisting of Y balance test and per-formance tests – slalom with ball, run 5 × 10m. Subsequently, the test group footballers un-derwent our intervention, myofascial release + core training, which was added to the opening part of the training unit. The study lasted 4 weeks. Results: Probands of both groups achieved a statistically significant improvement in the y bal-ance test. When comparing the performance tests, they achieved significant improvement in the test group – run 5 × 10m (p = 0.0024) and slalom with the ball (p = 0.0159) and in the control group – run 5 × 10m (p = 0.0182). The improvement in slalom with the ball test in the control group was not statistically significant (p = 0.1798). Conclusion: We have shown a significant effect of core exercises and myofascial release at the beginning of the training unit. However, the benefit was also achieved in the control group, except for the test - slalom with the ball.

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Mair, E., and H. Nösslinger. "Vergleich von indirekter Kalorimetrie mit prädiktiven RMR-Formeln bei normalgewichtigen Probanden." In Ernährung – „Gewissheit“ im Fluss! Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1684897.

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Petrenko, Anton, Martin Leinung, Andreas Loth, Maximilian Gröger, Simon Traxler, and Timo Stöver. "Wie gut können Probanden ohne vestibuläre Störung eine vorgegebene Kopfdrehung einnehmen?" In 95. Jahresversammlung Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie e. V., Bonn. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1784232.

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Guy, Attia, Levinberg Roee, Arad Erez, Ilan Davidov, and Ludmila Sidorenko. "New Biotechnological Opportunities to Assess the Influence of Lifestyle Factors in Obesity." In 12th International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Computing. Technical University of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52326/ic-ecco.2022/bme.05.

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Background. Obesity results from a malfunction of the body's weight-control mechanisms, which may be influenced by environmental changes. Essentially, the obesity risk relies on two significant interdependent factors: genetic variations (single-nucleotide polymorphisms, haplotypes) and environmental risk exposure. Due to new biotechnologies over 127 potential genes for obesity have been identified, and evidence supports the function of 22 genes in at least five distinct groups. Gene and environment interactions mean that the synergy between genotype and environment is neither additive or multiplicative. The application of innovative methods for both genotype and lifestyle variables should be emphasized. Aim of study: Investigate variable data of lifestyle factors in obese people with genetic predisposition and without in order to figure out the trigger risks which transform the predisposition into obesity. Material and methods: This is a descriptive study. A questionnaire was elaborated. It was developed based on the data of new biotechnological analysis of metabolic changes in obese humans. 142 individuals were included. 82 obese individuals, 42 with genetic predisposition and 40 without, and 60 healthy probands were interviewed. Further followed a comparative statistical analysis. Results: Obese probands were found with higher levels of disability compare those without, cardiovascular events higher compared with healthy probnads, disability level and smoking habits had significantly correlation in obese with genetic predisposition. On the other hand, health probands were found in higher level of anxiety compared obese people with genetic predisposition. Conclusions: All the lifestyle aspects which lead to an increased central nervous overactivity disturb significantly the metabolism and are critical risk factors for people with genetic predisposition relate to the pathogenesis of obesity. that might lead to high disability level associated comorbid states and high risk of cardiovascular events.

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Westhoff, M., J. Scheuble, P. Litterst, and J. Baumbach. "Ortspezifische Einflüsse auf die Ergebnisse von Ionenmobilitätsspektromie-Messungen von gesunden Probanden und Lungenkarzinompatienten." In 60. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin e. V. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1677981.

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Reports on the topic "Probandho"

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León-Duarte, GA, CR Contreras Cázarez, and D. Moreno Carrillo. Probando modelos interdisciplinares inclusivos en la dependencia de Internet en Jóvenes. Nuevas variables asociadas. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, July 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-2016-1112.

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Filiz, Ibrahim, Jan René Judek, Marco Lorenz, and Markus Spiwoks. Reduzierung der Algorithm Aversion durch Erfahrung. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627864.

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Wir untersuchen experimentell die Persistenz der Algorithm Aversion im Hinblick auf Lernprozesse. Probanden sind aufgefordert in 40 Runden je eine Aktienkursprognose (steigend oder fallend) abzugeben. Es steht ein Prognosecomputer (Algorithmus) zur Verfügung, der eine Erfolgsquote von 70% aufweist. Intuitive Prognosen der Probanden führen in aller Regel zu einer deutlich schlechteren Erfolgsquote. Feedbacks nach jeder Prognoserunde und ein klarer ökonomischer Anreiz führen dazu, dass die Probanden ihre eigenen Prognosefähigkeiten besser einzuschätzen lernen. Dabei geht auch die Algorithm Aversion signifikant zurück.

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Spiwoks, Markus, and Kilian Bizer. Correlation Neglect und Overconfidence - Eine experimentelle Studie. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627567.

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In der vorliegenden experimentellen Studie wurden erstmals Probanden mit der Aufgabe konfrontiert, reale Aktienkursverläufe ex ante zu prognostizieren, um den Zusammenhang der Verhaltensanomalien Overcondidence und Correlation Neglect zu analysieren. Es zeigt sich, dass die Teilnehmer der Studie ihre Prognosefähigkeiten in erheblichem Umfang überschätzen (Overconfidence). Ein großer Teil der Probanden (42,2%) vernachlässigt die Korrelationen der Renditeentwicklung verschiedener Anlageinstrumente (Correlation Neglect). Ferner zeigt sich, dass sich die Correlation Neglect bei der Kursprognose von diversifizierten Anlageinstrumenten (Fonds) dämpfend auf die Overconfidence auswirkt.

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Filiz, Ibrahim. Overconfidence: Der Einfluss positiver und negativer Affekte. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627598.

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Die Auswirkungen von Selbstüberschätzung betreffen viele Bereiche des wirtschaftlichen Lebens. Doch es sind bisher nur wenige Faktoren bekannt, die das Ausmaß möglicher Selbstüberschätzungen bestimmen. Zudem gibt es kaum Untersuchungen, ob positive oder negative Emotionen einen Einfluss auf die Selbsteinschätzung haben. Ob Emotionen mögliche Lerneffekte bei der Selbsteinschätzung beeinträchtigen können, ist bisher noch gar nicht untersucht worden. Die vorliegende Studie wendet sich dieser Fragestellung zu. In einem Real-Effort-Task-Experiment werden den Probanden in 5 Spielrunden Aufgaben gestellt. Nach jeder Spielrunde sollen die Probanden ihre Leistung einschätzen. Anschließend erhalten sie jeweils ein Feedback, wie sie tatsächlich abgeschnitten haben. Auf diese Weise werden Lerneffekte möglich. Die Stimmungsinduktion wird durch positive (Treatment „Positiv“), negative (Treatment „Negativ“) und neutrale (Treatment „Neutral“) Filmausschnitte erzeugt. Sowohl hinsichtlich der absoluten Overconfidence als auch hinsichtlich der relativen Overconfidence zeigen sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den drei Treatments. Im Hinblick auf das Auftreten von Lerneffekten zeigt sich dann aber doch ein Unterschied zwischen den Stimmungslagen. Bei Betrachtung der absoluten Overconfidence zeigen sich in neutraler Stimmungslage deutliche Lerneffekte. Diese Lerneffekte bleiben hingegen sowohl bei positiver als auch bei negativer Stimmungslage aus.

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Spiwoks, Markus, and Kilian Bizer. Zur Messung von Overconfidence - Eine experimentelle Studie. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627574.

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Diese Studie wendet sich zwei üblichen Verfahren zur Messung von Overconfidence zu und überprüft die Zuverlässigkeit dieser Verfahren. Es zeigt sich, dass die übliche Form der Abfrage der subjektiven Sicherheit bezüglich einer abgegebenen Prognose zu einer systematischen Überschätzung der Overconfidence beitragen kann. Außerdem zeigt sich, dass die übliche Form zur Erfassung der relativen Selbsteinschätzung ebenfalls zu einer Ergebnisverzerrung beitragen kann. Dies gilt insbesondere, wenn sich eine Probanden-gruppe nicht paritätisch aus Frauen und Männern zusammensetzt.

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Filiz, Ibrahim. Emotionen und Risikoexponierung: Der Einfluss positiver und negativer Affekte auf Portfolioentscheidungen. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627673.

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Diese experimentelle Untersuchung wendet sich der Frage zu, ob positive und negative Affekte einen Einfluss auf das Diversifikationsverhalten haben. Dabei zeigt sich, dass nur ein kleiner Teil der Probanden dem Rationalkalkül folgt und stets das optimale Portfolio wählt. Ferner zeigt sich, dass die Stimmungs-lage der Wirtschaftssubjekte einen Einfluss auf ihre Portfolioentscheidungen und somit auch auf ihre Risikoexponierung hat. Das durchschnittliche Risiko der Portfolios – gemessen an der Standardabweichung der Renditen – fällt im Treatment „Neutral“ deutlich niedriger aus als im Treatment „Positiv“ und im Treatment „Negativ“.

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Filiz, Ibrahim, Thomas Nahmer, Markus Spiwoks, and Kilian Bizer. Portfoliodiversifikation: Der Einfluss von Herdenverhalten, Status-quo-Verzerrung und Spielerirrtum. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627604.

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In dieser experimentellen Studie wird betrachtet, welchen Einfluss Herdenverhalten (Orientierung an der Mehrheit der Mitspieler oder Orientierung am erfolgreichsten Mitspieler (Guru), die Status-quo-Verzerrung und der Spielerirrtum auf das Diversifikationsverhalten haben. Dabei zeigt sich, dass weder Herdenverhalten noch Status-quo-Verzerrungen einen nennenswerten Beitrag zur Erklärung von nicht-optimalen Portfolioentscheidungen liefern. Der Spielerirrtum hingegen wird bei Portfolioentscheidungen wirksam. Viele Probanden bemühen sich, in der Historie von Zufallsereignissen Muster zu erkennen und Rückschlüsse auf künftige Zufallsereignisse zu ziehen. Der Spielerirrtum trägt wesentlich dazu bei, dass die optimale Portfoliozusammensetzung nur in 37,7% aller Entscheidungen Berücksichtigung findet.

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Filiz, Ibrahim, Thomas Nahmer, Markus Spiwoks, and Zulia Gubaydullina. Messung der Risikoneigung. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627659.

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Bisherige Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Risikoneigung (risikoavers, risikoneutral oder risikoliebend) weisen einige Schwächen auf. Sie sind zum Teil so komplex und anspruchsvoll, dass man von den Probanden häufig spontane, unüberlegte Antworten erhält. Dadurch kann die tatsächliche Risikoneigung häufig nicht zutreffend ermittelt werden. Darüber hinaus gibt es bei diesen Verfahren Konstellationen, in denen keine eindeutige Zuordnung zu den drei Kategorien der Risikoneigung möglich ist. Außerdem wird bei den bisherigen Ansätzen die Verlustaversion als wichtiger Einfluss auf die Risikoneigung nicht oder nicht ausreichend berücksichtigt. Wir schlagen ein neues Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Risikoneigung vor, das (1) extrem einfach und überschaubar ist, das (2) eine eindeutige Unterscheidung von risikoaversen, risikoneutralen und risikoliebenden Wirtschaftssubjekten erlaubt und das (3) den Einfluss der Verlust-aversion auf die Risikoneigung angemessen berücksichtigt.

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Tejerina, Luis, and Vania Pizano. Programas de transferencias monetarias condicionadas e inclusión financiera. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010131.

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Abstract:

Los mecanismos de pago de los Programas de Transferencias Monetarias Condicionadas (PTMC) se consideran potenciales herramientas para fomentar la inclusión financiera de sus beneficiarios. En la presente revisión de literatura, se intenta hacer acopio de la evidencia existente sobre iniciativas de inclusión financiera en programas de PTMC y de evaluaciones de impacto de programas de inclusión financiera que no están directamente relacionados con PTMC, con la intención de brindar información al diálogo acerca de PTMC. En la segunda sección del documento, se presenta un resumen del tipo de iniciativas que se están probando en los diferentes países de la región junto con evidencia de sus resultados. En la tercera sección, se presenta un resumen de evidencia obtenida principalmente a partir de estudios experimentales de evaluación de impacto sobre educación financiera, microcrédito, micro ahorros, mecanismos de pago e incentivos a la oferta. El objetivo de este documento es consignar la evidencia reciente acerca de iniciativas de inclusión financiera y argumentar qué elementos de éstas pueden ser incorporados a los PTMC.

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