Journal articles on the topic 'Prob.-Math. Statistics'
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1
Albrecher, Hansjörg, Jozef Teugels, and Klaus Scheicher. "A combinatorial identity for a problem in asymptotic statistics." Applicable Analysis and Discrete Mathematics 3, no. 1 (2009): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aadm0901064a.
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Let (Xi)i?1 be a sequence of positive independent identically distributed random variables with regularly varying distribution tail of index 0 < ? < 1 and define Tn = X1?+X2?+???+Xn?/(X1+X2+???+ Xn)?.In this note we simplify an expression for lim n?? E(T kn ), which was obtained by Albrecher and Teugels: Asymptotic analysis of a measure of variation. Theory Prob. Math. Stat., 74 (2006), 1-9, in terms of coefficients of a continued fraction expansion. The new formula establishes an unexpected link to an enumeration problem for rooted maps on orientable surfaces that was studied in Arqu?s and B?raud: Rooted maps of orientable surfaces, Riccati's equation and continued fractions. Discrete Mathematics, 215 (2000), 1-12.
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Zhigarev, I. "Analysis and Prediction of the Cybersports Match Outcome in DOTA 2 Discipline Based on Multi-factor Regression on the Example of the Team Virtus Pro." Bulletin of Science and Practice 5, no. 10 (October 15, 2019): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/47/02.
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This article is devoted to the question of constructing a regression model, which will make it possible to analyze and predict the outcome of e-sports meetings in the DOTA 2 discipline using the Virtus Pro team as an example. In addition, throughout the text, a brief analysis of the e-sports industry these days, as well as a brief explanation of the essence of the chosen e-sports discipline are taken into consideration. Convincing arguments are presented that make it possible for the reader to understand that e-sports today can equal traditional sports in the following indicators: the number of followers, peak views as well as the amount of money circulating in the industry. The law introduced during the research is intended for the following external users: e-sports organizations, potential investors, breeders as well as for the players themselves. The resulting model was analyzed and described using various statistical indicators. A correlation grid was obtained, indicators of regression statistics were described, analysis of variance was made with a detailed description of its results. Factor signs considered during the research are described in detail for reader’s understanding. It is important to note that the resulting law makes it possible to apply it not only to the object of study, but also to other e-sports organizations having a team in this discipline, provided that their styles of playing the game have similarities. The tool for deriving the regression law was Microsoft Excel. The source of data is the team’s statistics, which were collected during real e-sports meetings by the leading site of statistics and the gaming community DOTA 2 — Dotabuff.
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Birrittella, Richard J., Paul M. Alsing, James Schneeloch, Christopher C. Gerry, Jihane Mimih, and Peter L. Knight. "Engineering superpositions of N00N states using an asymmetric non-linear Mach–Zehnder interferometer." AVS Quantum Science 5, no. 1 (March 2023): 011406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/5.0137099.
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We revisit a method for mapping arbitrary single-mode pure states into superpositions of N00N states using an asymmetric non-linear Mach–Zehnder interferometer (ANLMZI). This method would allow one to tailor-make superpositions of N00N states where each axis of the two-mode joint-photon number distribution is weighted by the statistics of any single-mode pure state. The non-linearity of the ANLMZI comes in the form of a [Formula: see text] self-Kerr interaction occurring on one of the intermediary modes of the interferometer. Motivated by the non-classical interference effects that occur at a beam splitter, we introduce inverse-engineering techniques aimed toward extrapolating optimal transformations for generating N00N state superpositions. These techniques are general enough so as to be employed to probe the means of generating states of any desired quantum properties.
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Loucks, Richard B., and James M. Wallace. "Velocity and velocity gradient based properties of a turbulent plane mixing layer." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 699 (April 16, 2012): 280–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2012.103.
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AbstractExperiments were carried out in a turbulent mixing layer designed to match, as closely as possible, the conditions of the temporally evolving direct numerical simulation of Rogers & Moser (Phys. Fluids, vol. 6, 1994, pp. 903–922). Two Reynolds numbers, based on the local momentum thickness in the self-similar region of the mixing layer, were investigated:${R}_{\theta } = 1792$and$2483$. Measurements were also made in the mixing layer in the pre-mixing transition region where${R}_{\theta } = 432$. The three velocity components and their cross-stream gradients were measured with a small 12-sensor hot-wire probe that traversed the mixing layer. Taylor’s hypothesis was used to estimate the streamwise gradients of the velocity components so that reasonably good approximations of all the components of the velocity gradient tensor would be available. The signal from a single-sensor probe at a fixed position in the high-speed free stream flow provided a reference to the phases of the passage of large-scale, coherent, spanwise-oriented vortices past the 12-sensor probe. The velocity and velocity gradient data were analysed to determine turbulence statistical characteristics, including moments, probability density functions and one-dimensional spectra of the velocity and vorticity fields. Although the velocity statistics obtained from the experiment agree well with those from the direct numerical simulation of Rogers & Moser, there are significant differences in the vorticity statistics. The phase reference from the fixed single-sensor probe permitted phase averaging of the 12-sensor probe data so that the spanwise ‘roller’ vortices could be separated from the small-scale, more random turbulence, as had been previously demonstrated by Hussain & Zaman (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 159, 1985, pp. 85–104). In this manner, the data could be conditionally averaged to examine the spatial distributions, with respect to the roller vortices, of interesting and important characteristics of the turbulence, such as the turbulent kinetic energy production and dissipation rate, enstrophy and vorticity component covariances.
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Zhang, Yan-Xia, Yong-Heng Zhao, Xue-Bing Wu, and Hai-Jun Tian. "Statistical analysis of cross-correlation sample of 3XMM-DR4 with SDSS-DR10 and UKIDSS-DR9." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, S306 (May 2014): 372–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921315000022.
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AbstractWe match the XMM-Newton 3XMMi-DR4 catalog with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 10 and the United Kingdom Infrared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS) Data Release 9. Based on this X-ray/optical/infrared catalog, we probe the distribution of various types of X-ray emitters in the multidimensional parameter space. It is found that quasars, galaxies and stars have some kind distribution rule, especially for stars. The result shows that only using the X-ray/optical features, stars are difficult to discriminate from galaxies and quasars, the added information from infrared band is very helpful to improve the classification result of any classifier. Comparing the classification accuracy of random forests with that of rotation forests, rotation forests show better performance.
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Rautenberg, Alexander, Jonas Allgeier, Saskia Jung, and Jens Bange. "Calibration Procedure and Accuracy of Wind and Turbulence Measurements with Five-Hole Probes on Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aircraft in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Wind Turbine Wakes." Atmosphere 10, no. 3 (March 7, 2019): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10030124.
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For research in the atmospheric boundary layer and in the vicinity of wind turbines, the turbulent 3D wind vector can be measured from fixed-wing unmanned aerial systems (UAS) with a five-hole probe and an inertial navigation system. Since non-zero vertical wind and varying horizontal wind causes variations in the airspeed of the UAS, and since it is desirable to sample with a flexible cruising airspeed to match a broad range of operational requirements, the influence of airspeed variations on mean values and turbulence statistics is investigated. Three calibrations of the five-hole probe at three different airspeeds are applied to the data of three flight experiments. Mean values and statistical moments of second order, calculated from horizontal straight level flights are compared between flights in a stably stratified polar boundary layer and flights over complex terrain in high turbulence. Mean values are robust against airspeed variations, but the turbulent kinetic energy, variances and especially covariances, and the integral length scale are strongly influenced. Furthermore, a transect through the wake of a wind turbine and a tip vortex is analyzed, showing the instantaneous influence of the intense variations of the airspeed on the measurement of the turbulent 3D wind vector. For turbulence statistics, flux calculations, and quantitative analysis of turbine wake characteristics, an independent measurement of the true airspeed with a pitot tube and the interpolation of calibration polynomials at different Reynolds numbers of the probe’s tip onto the Reynolds number during the measurement, reducing the uncertainty significantly.
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Tomkins, C. D., B. J. Balakumar, G. Orlicz, K. P. Prestridge, and J. R. Ristorcelli. "Evolution of the density self-correlation in developing Richtmyer–Meshkov turbulence." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 735 (October 24, 2013): 288–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2013.430.
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AbstractTurbulent mixing in a Richtmyer–Meshkov unstable light–heavy–light (air–${\mathrm{SF} }_{6} $–air) fluid layer subjected to a shock (Mach 1.20) and a reshock (Mach 1.14) is investigated using ensemble statistics obtained from simultaneous velocity–density measurements. The mixing is driven by an unstable array of initially symmetric vortices that induce rapid material mixing and create smaller-scale vortices. After reshock the flow appears to transition to a turbulent (likely three-dimensional) state, at which time our planar measurements are used to probe the developing flow field. The density self-correlation $b= - \langle \rho v\rangle $ (where $\rho $ and $v$ are the fluctuating density and specific volume, respectively) and terms in its evolution equation are directly measured experimentally for the first time. Amongst other things, it is found that production terms in the $b$ equation are balanced by the dissipation terms, suggesting a form of equilibrium in $b$. Simultaneous velocity measurements are used to probe the state of the incipient turbulence. A length-scale analysis suggests that an inertial range is beginning to form, consistent with the onset of a mixing transition. The developing turbulence is observed to reduce non-Boussinesq effects in the flow, which are found to be small over much of the layer after reshock. Second-order two-point structure functions of the density field exhibit a power-law behaviour with a steeper exponent than the standard $2/ 3$ power found in canonical turbulence. The absence of a significant $2/ 3$ region is observed to be consistent with the state of the flow, and the emergence of the steeper power-law region is discussed.
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Zhong, Dongbo. "An ALOHA-Based Algorithm Based on Grouping of Tag Prefixes for Industrial Internet of Things." Security and Communication Networks 2022 (April 13, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1812670.
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Nowadays, radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has been widely used in logistics, warehousing, urban transportation, medicine, and other fields due to its advantages of fast identification speed, low cost, and high security. The multitag collision problem causes the reader to fail to complete the identification of the tags in its coverage in time, thus seriously affecting the work efficiency of the entire RFID system. Therefore, the study of an efficient multitag identification algorithm is the basic premise to ensure the industrial application of RFID. Aiming at the problems of the low slot utilization rate of the existing DFSA algorithm in a large-scale tag recognition environment, we proposed a dynamic frame slotting anticollision algorithm based on tags prefix grouping called G-DFSA. G-DFSA uses the tag prefix to recognize the tag set and constructs the probe frame based on the grouping. Then, the slot statistics results of the probe frame are used to process the frames whose frame length does not match the number of tags. As shown in the simulation results, the system efficiency of the proposed algorithm is still close to the theoretical optimal throughput rate of DFSA algorithm 0.368 in the large-scale tag set. Compared with the existing methods, G-DFSA has obvious advantages in system throughput.
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Husada, Cahyadi, Pratiwi Nila Sari, and Ery Teguh Prasetyo. "Net Sales Cost of Goods Sold Other Expense Dan Income Tax Expense-Net Atas Output Laba Bersih (Case Study)." Jurnal Kajian Ilmiah 21, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31599/jki.v21i1.419.
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This study aims to determine the specific influence between the independent variables and the dependent variable either partially or simultaneously. This study was conducted to analyze previous research with similar research objects at the Food & beverages Sub-Sector Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This is done in order to match accounting theory and practice that is applied properly and correctly in other forms of business that have a mission to improve financial performance such as these companies on the IDX. The method in this research is quantitative statistics with a probability sample in the form of purposive sampling. The stages are to determine the population and sample independently, and then process them using a data processing tool called Eviews version 9 to the classical assumption test and hypothesis testing. The results obtained partially for the Net Sales hypothesis test (x1) has no effect because it has a probability value of 0.3497, for Cost of Goods Sold (x2) has an effect because it has a probability value of 0.000, for Other Expenses (x3) has an effect because it has a value probability of 0.000, and for Net Tax Expense (x4) has an effect because it has a probability value of 0.000. Meanwhile, simultaneously, Net Sales (x1), Cost of Goods Sold (x2), Other Expenses (x3), Net Tax Expenses (x4) have an effect. This can be seen in the table above which shows the Prob F-statistic of 0.000000.
Keywords: Net Sales, Cost Of Goods Sold, Other Expense, Income Tax Expense-Net, Net Income
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui spesifik adanya pengaruh antar variabel independen dengan dari variabel dependen baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis penelitian terdahulu dengan objek penelitian yang serupa pada Perusahaan Sub Sektor Food & beverages yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Hal tersebut dilakukan guna mencocokkan antara teori dan praktik akuntansi yang diterapkan secara baik dan benar pada bentuk usaha lainnya yang memiliki misi dalam peningkatan kinerja keuangan seperti perusahaan tersebut di BEI. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah statistik kuantitatif dengan sampel probabilitas berupa purposive sampling. Tahapannya adalah dengan menentukan populasi dan sampel secara bebas, dan kemudian mengolahnya menggunakan alat pengolahan data bernama eviews versi 9 sampai kepada uji asumsi klasik dan pengujian hipotesis. Hasil penelitian didapat secara parsial untuk uji hipotesis Penjualan Bersih (x1) tidak memiliki pengaruh karena memiliki nilai probabilitas sebesar 0.3497, untuk Beban Pokok Penjualan (x2) memiliki pengaruh karena memiliki nilai probabilitas sebesar 0.000, untuk Beban Lainnya (x3) memiliki pengaruh karena memiliki nilai probabilitas sebesar 0.000, dan untuk Beban Pajak Bersih (x4) memiliki pengaruh karena memiliki nilai probabilitas sebesar 0.000. Sedangkan secara simultan, Penjualan Bersih (x1), Beban Pokok Penjualan (x2), Beban Lainnya (x3), Beban Pajak Bersih (x4) mempunyai pengaruh. Hal ini dapat dilihat pada tabel diatas yang menunjukkan Prob F-statistiknya sebesara 0.000000.
Kata kunci: Penjualan Bersih, Harga Pokok Penjualan, Beban Lainnya, Beban Pajak Penghasilan-Bersih, Laba Bersih
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van Dooren, Marijn Floris, Anantha Padmanabhan Kidambi Sekar, Lars Neuhaus, Torben Mikkelsen, Michael Hölling, and Martin Kühn. "Modelling the spectral shape of continuous-wave lidar measurements in a turbulent wind tunnel." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 15, no. 5 (March 15, 2022): 1355–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-1355-2022.
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Abstract. This paper describes the development of a theoretical model for the turbulence spectrum measured by a short-range, continuous-wave lidar (light detection and ranging). The lidar performance was assessed by measurements conducted with two WindScanners in an open-jet wind tunnel equipped with an active grid, for a range of different turbulent wind conditions. A hot-wire anemometer is used as reference to assess the lidar's measured statistics, time series and spectra. In addition to evaluating the statistics, the correlation between the time series and the root-mean-square error (RMSE) on the wind speed, the turbulence spectrum measured by the lidar is compared with a modelled spectrum. The theoretical spectral model is applied in the frequency domain, using a Lorentzian filter in combination with Taylor's frozen turbulence hypothesis for the probe length averaging effect and an added white noise term, evaluated by qualitatively matching the lidar measurement spectrum. High goodness-of-fit coefficients and low RMSE values between the hot wire and WindScanner were observed for the measured time series. The correlation showed an inverse relationship with the prevalent turbulence intensity in the flow for cases with a comparable power spectrum shape. Larger flow structures can be captured more accurately by the lidar, whereas small-scale turbulent flow structures are partly filtered out as a result of the lidar's probe volume averaging effect. It is demonstrated that an accurate way to define the cut-off frequency at which the lidar's power spectrum starts to deviate from the hot-wire reference spectrum is the frequency at which the coherence drops below 0.5. This coherence-based cut-off frequency increases linearly with the mean wind speed and is generally an order of magnitude lower than the probe length equivalent cut-off frequency, estimated according to a simple model based on the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the laser beam intensity along the line of sight and assuming Taylor's frozen turbulence hypothesis. A convincing match between the modelled and the measured WindScanner power spectrum was found for various different cases, which confirmed that the deviation of the lidar's measured power spectrum in the higher frequency range can be analytically explained and modelled as a combination of a Lorentzian-shaped intensity function and white noise in the lidar measurement. Although the models were developed on the basis of wind tunnel measurements, they should be applicable to atmospheric boundary layer field measurements as well.
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Alabdulkarim, Saad, Maury A. Nussbaum, Ehsan Rashedi, Sunwook Kim, Michael Agnew, and Richard Gardner. "Impact of Task Design on Productivity and Quality." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (September 2016): 906–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601207.
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Background: In 2014, work-related musculoskeletal disorders reached approximately 365,000 cases in the United States (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2015), highlighting the ongoing need to reduce ergonomic risk in the workplace. To optimize the match between task demands and worker capacity, designers are challenged with several tradeoffs including which body part is more important and how to address worker variability in anthropometrics and capacity. Adjustable design is a classic approach to fit a target population, in contrast to design for the average or extreme. However, adding adjustability can require capital investments, and as such typically requires convincing financial justification. While adjustability may have financial benefits as a result of reducing injury risks, impacts on performance may be more directly related to these benefits. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore if a causal relationship exist between the level of adjustability, as a variable amendable to design, and both productivity and quality. Methods: To simulate a drilling task common in aircraft manufacturing, we built a mock fuselage (Figure 1) that is “scaled-world” representation of the actual work. The simulated fuselage included upper, middle and lower rungs on each side, each with six holes. Adjustability level was the only variable manipulated in the experiment, and it had three levels. In the no adjustability condition (None), the midline of the fuselage was set at mean elbow height, while in the some adjustability condition (Some) it was set at mean shoulder height and two stools were provided (and intended to allow “better” reaches for the higher and lower rungs). In the high adjustability condition (High), participants were allowed to rotate the fuselage about its long axis and to choose its elevation. A commercial drill was used (Figure 2), with a load cell attached to a simulated bit. The size of the probe and holes were chosen to mimic targeted quality requirements, such that any deviation more than ±2° was considered “error”. Audible tones were used to indicate achievement of required force level, errors, and completion of a hole. Productivity was defined by fuselage completion time, with two metrics derived to quantify quality: the total number of errors and the number of defective (i.e., at least one error) holes in a fuselage. Results and Discussion: We expected that increasing workstation adjustability will improve both productivity and quality. However, the results suggest that the influence of increasing workstation adjustability depended on the specific level of that added adjustability. High adjustability significantly improved both quality and productivity. Yet, despite the expectation that Some adjustability would reduce postural extremes, this condition reduced productivity (both metrics) and did not have a significant influence on either quality metric. Conclusion: Generally, the results support the existence of a causal relationship between enhanced adjustability and improved performance. However, the noted inconsistent influence of adjustability on performance highlights the need to test the efficacy of adjustability prior to its actual implementation. Future work is recommended that more successfully and systematically varies the extent of workstation adjustability. Finally, we are currently analyzing ergonomic risk aspects of the experiment to study the association between performance and ergonomic risk, a relationship critical to financially justify ergonomic interventions.
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Penaherrera, Daniel, Sheri Skerget, Austin Christofferson, Jessica Aldrich, Sara Nasser, Christophe Legendre, Martin Boateng, et al. "Development and Validation of a High Risk Multiple Myeloma Gene Expression Index from RNA Sequencing: An Mmrf Commpass Analysis." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 1895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-119610.
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Abstract Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a genetically heterogeneous disease of plasma cells that generally exhibits chromosomal abnormalities and distinct gene expression signatures. Previous studies have sought to identify gene expression indices using microarray technology to discern genes associated with survival outcomes to predict whether a newly diagnosed patient has an aggressive form of the disease. One such MM-specific index is the UAMS 70 gene index, which is composed of 51 over- and 19 under-expressed genes. This index was developed using Affymetrix U133Plus2.0 microarray data from 532 MM patients at diagnosis by computing log-rank test statistics on gene expression quartiles. Despite consistently achieving a high performance across a variety of MM datasets, issues arise when applying this index to RNAseq data. Here we address those issues, deriving an independent index based on the RNAseq data from the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF) CoMMpass Study (NCT01454297), and benchmark its performance to an implementation of the UAMS 70 gene index. UAMS index scores are computed by taking the difference between the average log2-scale expression of the 51 over- and 19 under-expressed genes. We applied this calculation to RNAseq data analyzed using Sailfish, Salmon v7.2, and HTseq counts collected from 41 Multiple Myeloma Genomics Initiative samples and compared the results to scores from matching GCRMA, MAS5, RMA, and PLIER16 Affymetrix U133Plus2.0 microarray data. Differences in the distribution of index values across data types led to nonconforming classification of high-risk individuals. Additionally, when applied to RNAseq data, several Affymetrix probesets did not uniquely match to gene annotations from Ensembl-v74. This reduced the number of genes upon which our UAMS score was calculated to 61 genes. Of the original 51 over-expressed probes, only 44 uniquely mapped genes remained after 7 multi-mapped probes are removed and similarly, out of the 19 under-expressed genes only 17 were uniquely mapped. Given the complication of probe-gene mismatch and inconsistencies identifying high-risk individuals when applied to RNAseq data, we developed an independent index using the baseline RNAseq data from the MMRF CoMMpass Study IA13 dataset. From a training set (n=375) of RNAseq data measuring 56430 genes, we performed univariate log-rank tests on expression quartiles associated with disease-related survival while controlling for an FDR of 2.5%, resulting in 23 under- and 332 over-expressed genes. Subsequent multivariate Cox regression analysis and backward stepwise selection culminated in the identification of the CoMMpass RNAseq index, which is based on the ratio of mean expression values of 87 genes (19 under- and 68 over-expressed) predictive of high risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 8.7341, 95% CI = 5.615-13.58, p < 0.001). Validation on the test set (n=251) yielded a HR of 5.612 (95% CI = 3.066-10.27, p < 0.001) as compared to a HR of 4.753 (95% CI = 2.688-8.403, p < 0.001) achieved with the adapted UAMS index. Adjusting for a patient's International Staging System (ISS) stage revises these hazard ratios to 6.236 (95% CI = 3.345-11.627, p < 0.001) and 3.6420 (95% CI = 1.9726-6.724, p < 0.001) for the CoMMpass RNAseq and the adapted UAMS indices, respectively. Furthermore, the distribution of CoMMpass RNAseq index values across the training and test set show no observable bias with respect to three main therapy arms, suggesting it is predictive of high risk independent of treatment. Our newly derived CoMMpass RNAseq index shares one gene in common with the UAMS 61 gene index (CENPW) and recovers two over-expressed genes (FABP5, TAGLN2), which were removed from the UAMS 70 gene index due to probe multimapping. When the recovered genes are added back to the UAMS index, the unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios measured for the test set are 5.173 (CI = 2.926-9.146, p < 0.001) and 4.022 (CI = 2.1840-7.408, p < 0.001), respectively. Of the original 70 genes in the UAMS index, 21 (30%) map to chromosome 1, which frequently exhibits copy number gains in MM. Only 11 of the 87 (13%) genes in our proposed index map to chr1, which indicates that, given its performance, the newly derived list of genes may represent a more diverse index to predict, and provide novel insights into, high risk MM. Altogether, the CoMMpass RNAseq index identifies a high risk signature in 13% of MM patients and outperforms the UAMS index. Disclosures Lonial: Amgen: Research Funding.
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He, Yukun, and Antti Knowles. "Fluctuations of extreme eigenvalues of sparse Erdős–Rényi graphs." Probability Theory and Related Fields, April 24, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00440-021-01054-4.
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AbstractWe consider a class of sparse random matrices which includes the adjacency matrix of the Erdős–Rényi graph $${{\mathcal {G}}}(N,p)$$ G ( N , p ) . We show that if $$N^{\varepsilon } \leqslant Np \leqslant N^{1/3-\varepsilon }$$ N ε ⩽ N p ⩽ N 1 / 3 - ε then all nontrivial eigenvalues away from 0 have asymptotically Gaussian fluctuations. These fluctuations are governed by a single random variable, which has the interpretation of the total degree of the graph. This extends the result (Huang et al. in Ann Prob 48:916–962, 2020) on the fluctuations of the extreme eigenvalues from $$Np \geqslant N^{2/9 + \varepsilon }$$ N p ⩾ N 2 / 9 + ε down to the optimal scale $$Np \geqslant N^{\varepsilon }$$ N p ⩾ N ε . The main technical achievement of our proof is a rigidity bound of accuracy $$N^{-1/2-\varepsilon } (Np)^{-1/2}$$ N - 1 / 2 - ε ( N p ) - 1 / 2 for the extreme eigenvalues, which avoids the $$(Np)^{-1}$$ ( N p ) - 1 -expansions from Erdős et al. (Ann Prob 41:2279–2375, 2013), Huang et al. (2020) and Lee and Schnelli (Prob Theor Rel Fields 171:543–616, 2018). Our result is the last missing piece, added to Erdős et al. (Commun Math Phys 314:587–640, 2012), He (Bulk eigenvalue fluctuations of sparse random matrices. arXiv:1904.07140), Huang et al. (2020) and Lee and Schnelli (2018), of a complete description of the eigenvalue fluctuations of sparse random matrices for $$Np \geqslant N^{\varepsilon }$$ N p ⩾ N ε .
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Law, K. T., D. E. Feldman, and Yuval Gefen. "Electronic Mach-Zehnder interferometer as a tool to probe fractional statistics." Physical Review B 74, no. 4 (July 21, 2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.74.045319.
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Patacchini, Leonardo, and Ian H. Hutchinson. "Kinetic solution to the Mach probe problem in transversely flowing strongly magnetized plasmas." Physical Review E 80, no. 3 (September 14, 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.80.036403.
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Cipolloni, Giorgio, László Erdős, and Dominik Schröder. "Density of Small Singular Values of the Shifted Real Ginibre Ensemble." Annales Henri Poincaré, May 16, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00023-022-01188-8.
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AbstractWe derive a precise asymptotic formula for the density of the small singular values of the real Ginibre matrix ensemble shifted by a complex parameter z as the dimension tends to infinity. For z away from the real axis the formula coincides with that for the complex Ginibre ensemble we derived earlier in Cipolloni et al. (Prob Math Phys 1:101–146, 2020). On the level of the one-point function of the low lying singular values we thus confirm the transition from real to complex Ginibre ensembles as the shift parameter z becomes genuinely complex; the analogous phenomenon has been well known for eigenvalues. We use the superbosonization formula (Littelmann et al. in Comm Math Phys 283:343–395, 2008) in a regime where the main contribution comes from a three dimensional saddle manifold.
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Drago, N., and C. J. F. van de Ven. "DLR–KMS correspondence on lattice spin systems." Letters in Mathematical Physics 113, no. 4 (July 30, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11005-023-01710-x.
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AbstractThe Dobrushin–Lanford–Ruelle condition (Dobrushin in Theory Prob Appl 17:582–600, 1970. https://doi.org/10.1137/1115049; Lanford and Ruelle in Commun Math Phys 13:194–215, 1969. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01645487) and the classical Kubo–Martin–Schwinger (KMS) condition (Gallavotti and Verboven in Nuov Cim B 28:274–286, 1975. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02722820) are considered in the context of classical lattice systems. In particular, we prove that these conditions are equivalent for the case of a lattice spin system with values in a compact symplectic manifold by showing that infinite-volume Gibbs states are in bijection with KMS states.
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Gupta, P. K., P. M. Anderson, R. G. Buchheit, S. A. Dregia, J. J. Lannutti, M. J. Mills, and R. L. Snyder. "The New Materials Science and Engineering Curriculum at the Ohio State University." MRS Proceedings 760 (2002). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-760-jj1.4.
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ABSTRACTA new Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) curriculum is in effect at the Ohio State University starting fall, 2002. This curriculum is composed of four parts:1) General Education Core (required by the University of all undergraduates).2) Engineering Core (required by the College of Engineering). This includes courses in English, Math, Physics, Chemistry, Statistics, Programming, Statics, and Stress Analysis.3) Materials Science and Engineering Core (required by the MSE Department). It includes courses on Atomic Scale Structure, Microstructure and Characterization, Mechanical Behavior, Electrical Properties, Thermodynamics, Transport and Kinetics, Phase Diagrams, Phase Transformations, Modeling of Material Processes, Materials Selection, and Materials Performance).4) MSE-Specialization in the senior year (required by the MSE Department). Novel features of the new curriculum include:1) concentration in a specialized area of MSE in the senior year.2) increased exposure to MSE courses in the second year.3) increased industrial exposure.4) redesigned laboratory courses.
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Campbell, Geoffrey H., Wayne E. King, Dov Cohen, and Barry Carter. "Quantitative High Resolution Electron Microscopy of Grain Boundaries." MRS Proceedings 466 (1996). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-466-119.
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ABSTRACTThe Σ11 (113)/[110] symmetric tilt grain boundary has been characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The method by which the images are prepared for analysis is described. The statistics of the image data have been found to follow a normal distribution. The electron-optical imaging parameters used to acquire the image have been determined by non-linear least-square image simulation optimization within the perfect crystal region of the micrograph. A similar image simulation optimization procedure is used to determine the atom positions which provide the best match between the experimental image and the image simulation.
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Brown, D. D., J. E. Sanchez, V. Pham, P. R. Besser, M. A. Korhonen, and C. Y. Li. "Electromigration Failure Distributions for Multi-Layer Interconnects as a Function of Line Width: Experiments and Simulation." MRS Proceedings 427 (1996). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-427-107.
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AbstractIn narrow metal lines used for chip level interconnects, the line width can strongly affect the electromigration reliability, typically due to variations in the microstructure and in the mechanical stress state. These variations have a stronger effect as the line width decreases to the order of the metal grain size or less. Electromigration failure distributions were obtained both experimentally and by simulation for realistic interconnect structures with six different line widths, ranging from lμm to 8μm. In order to simulate the electromigration failure distributions, microstructure statistics were obtained (using TEM) and the critical void volume for failure was measured (using SEM) for each line width. The simulated failure times match the experimental failure times for narrow line widths (1-4μm).
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Meroño, Cristóbal J., Leyter Potenciano-Machado, and Mikko Salo. "The Fixed Angle Scattering Problem with a First-Order Perturbation." Annales Henri Poincaré, July 5, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00023-021-01081-w.
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AbstractWe study the inverse scattering problem of determining a magnetic field and electric potential from scattering measurements corresponding to finitely many plane waves. The main result shows that the coefficients are uniquely determined by 2n measurements up to a natural gauge. We also show that one can recover the full first-order term for a related equation having no gauge invariance, and that it is possible to reduce the number of measurements if the coefficients have certain symmetries. This work extends the fixed angle scattering results of Rakesh and Salo (SIAM J Math Anal 52(6):5467–5499, 2020) and (Inverse Probl 36(3):035005, 2020) to Hamiltonians with first-order perturbations, and it is based on wave equation methods and Carleman estimates.
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Buchta, David A., Stuart J. Laurence, and Tamer A. Zaki. "Assimilation of wall-pressure measurements in high-speed flow over a cone." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 947 (August 31, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2022.668.
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A nonlinear ensemble-variational data assimilation is performed in order to estimate the unknown flow field over a slender cone at Mach 6, from isolated wall-pressure measurements. The cost functional accounts for discrepancies in wall-pressure spectra and total intensity between the experiment and the prediction using direct numerical simulations, as well as our relative confidence in the measurements and the estimated state. We demonstrate the robustness of the predicted flow by direct propagation of posterior statistics. The approach provides a unique first look at the flow beyond the sensor data, and rigorously accounts for the role of nonlinearity, unlike previous efforts that adopted ad hoc inflow syntheses. Away from the wall, two- and three-dimensional assimilated states both show rope-like structures, qualitatively similar to independent schlieren visualizations. Despite this resemblance, and even though the planar second modes are the most unstable upstream, three-dimensional waves must be included in the assimilation in order to accurately reproduce the wall-pressure measurements recorded in the AFRL Ludwieg Tube facility. The results highlight the importance of three-dimensionality of the field and of the base-state distortion on the instability waves in this experiment, and motivate future measurements that probe the three-dimensional nature of the flow field.
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Meloni, Stefano, Anderson R. Proença, Jack L. T. Lawrence, and Roberto Camussi. "An experimental investigation into model-scale installed jet–pylon–wing noise." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 929 (October 19, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2021.831.
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A model-scale experimental investigation of an installed jet–pylon–wing configuration was conducted at the University of Southampton, with the scope to study the effect a pylon has on noise generation and to clarify its impact on the fluctuating wall-pressure load. The set-up consisted of two single-stream nozzles, a baseline axisymmetric annular nozzle and a partially blocked annular pylon nozzle. The nozzles were tested first isolated and then installed next to a NACA4415 aerofoil ‘wing’ at a single nozzle–wing position. The jet Mach number was varied between $0.5 \leq M_{{j}} \leq 0.8$ and measurements were performed both under static and in-flight ambient flow conditions up to ${M_{{f}} = 0.2}$ . The jet flow-field qualification was carried out using a single-velocity-component hot-wire anemometer probe. The pressure field on the wing surface was investigated using two miniature wall-pressure transducers that were flush-mounted in the streamwise and spanwise directions within the pressure side of the wing. A linear ‘flyover’ microphone array was used to record the noise radiated to the far field. The unsteady pressure data were analysed in both time and frequency domains using multi-variate statistics, highlighting a far-field noise reduction provided by the presence of the pylon only in the installed case. Furthermore, the wake field generated behind the pylon is seen to significantly modify the wall-pressure fluctuations, particularly at streamwise locations close to the pylon trailing edge.
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Karamlou, Amir H., Jochen Braumüller, Yariv Yanay, Agustin Di Paolo, Patrick M. Harrington, Bharath Kannan, David Kim, et al. "Quantum transport and localization in 1d and 2d tight-binding lattices." npj Quantum Information 8, no. 1 (March 25, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41534-022-00528-0.
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AbstractParticle transport and localization phenomena in condensed-matter systems can be modeled using a tight-binding lattice Hamiltonian. The ideal experimental emulation of such a model utilizes simultaneous, high-fidelity control and readout of each lattice site in a highly coherent quantum system. Here, we experimentally study quantum transport in one-dimensional and two-dimensional tight-binding lattices, emulated by a fully controllable 3 × 3 array of superconducting qubits. We probe the propagation of entanglement throughout the lattice and extract the degree of localization in the Anderson and Wannier-Stark regimes in the presence of site-tunable disorder strengths and gradients. Our results are in quantitative agreement with numerical simulations and match theoretical predictions based on the tight-binding model. The demonstrated level of experimental control and accuracy in extracting the system observables of interest will enable the exploration of larger, interacting lattices where numerical simulations become intractable.
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Elci, Anastasiia, Irina Zdanova, Ekaterina Tsukanova, Julia Fadeeva, and Ashot Esayan. "MO724: Rating of the Water Status in HD-Patient by Lung Ultrasound and Bioimpedance." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 37, Supplement_3 (May 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfac079.004.
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Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS To compare the methods of bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and lung ultrasound in determining the fluid balance in HD-patients. METHOD: Comparative analysis was carried out in 101 patients aged 24–82 years; 48 women and 53 men, receiving HD three times a week, treatment experience >3 months and a duration of 1 HD-session > 210 min. Patients with permanent catheters and pacemakers were excluded from the study. Measurements were performed before and 30 min after the HD-session at 2 or 3 HD sessions/week with baseline Doppler imaging and laboratory monitoring. A quantitative assessment of B-lines (BLS-B-lines score) by ultrasound (Siemens Acuson X150 with CH5-2 convex probe) was based on the method of Picano et al., while the BIA (Bodistat Multiscan 5000) was based on an overhydration (OHY) indicator based on Lukaski et al.. Given the impossibility of determining the state of dehydration by lung ultrasound, normohydration was compared with the sum of normo- and dehydration by BIA. Statistical data processing was performed using the STATISTICA 12.0. To assess the relationship between BLS and OHY indicators, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient with a statistical significance level of < 0.05 was used. RESULTS Summery 202 measurements were performed. The intermediate data for both methods before and after HD completely coincided in 36 patients; before HD, they coincided in 57 patients and in 67 patients after. The data did not match in 13 patients either before or after HD. In 101 patients, a statistically significant correlation was found between BLS and OHY before (Rs = 0.366) and after HD (Rs = 0.362). Further studies in 101 patients revealed a correlation dependence of both methods with shortness of breath (before HD BLS Rs = 0.281, OHY Rs = 0.322; after HD BLS Rs = 0.233, OHY Rs = 0378), nutritional status according to BIA (before HD BLS Rs = 0.376, OHY Rs = 0.622; after HD BLS Rs = 0.299, OHY Rs = 0.788) and the maximum left atrial volume index according to Doppler images (before HD BLS Rs = 0.301, OHY Rs = 0.219; after HD BLS Rs = 0.202, OHY Rs = 0.266). Measurements performed before HD showed a correlation between both methods and the patient's age (BLS Rs = 0.236, OHY Rs = 0.413), NYHA functional class of CHF (BLS Rs = 0.269, OHY Rs = 0.200), as well as laboratory ALB up to HD (BLS Rs = –0.217, OHY Rs = –0.417), CRE before HD (BLS Rs = –0.243, OHY Rs = –0.353) and URE before HD (BLS Rs = –0.201, OHY Rs = –0.257). In studies after HD, both techniques correlated with the presence of lung fibrosis (BLS Rs = 0.335, OHY Rs = 0.218), functional bowel disorders (constipation) (BLS Rs = 0.244, OHY Rs = 0.255) and the diameter of the pulmonary artery according to Doppler images (BLS Rs = 0.245, OHY Rs = 0.240). CONCLUSION Bioimpedance remains the gold standard for assessing hyper-, normo- and dehydration in HD-patients. Lung ultrasound is a simple and adequate method for assessing the water status in HD-patients and is comparable in terms of information content with bioimpedance in assessing hyper- and normohydration. Lung ultrasound does not allow diagnosing the state of dehydration. Both techniques reflect both overhydration and left atrial dysfunction in our patient cohort and determine the relationship between heart failure and patient hydration status. Initial lung fibrosis and functional bowel disorders (constipation) affect the results of both methods and, possibly, limit their information content.