Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Private speech'
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Lidstone, Jane Stephanie May. "Private speech and inner speech in typical and atypical development." Thesis, Durham University, 2010. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/526/.
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Children often talk themselves through their activities: They produce private speech to regulate their thought and behaviour, which is internalised to form inner speech, or silent verbal thought. Private speech and inner speech can together be referred to as self-directed speech (SDS). SDS is thought to be an important aspect of human cognition. The first chapter of the present thesis explores the theoretical background of research on SDS, and brings the reader up-to-date with current debates in this research area. Chapter 2 consists of empirical work that used the observation of private speech in combination with the dual task paradigm to assess the extent to which the executive function of planning is reliant on SDS in typically developing 7- to 11-year-olds. Chapters 3 and 4 describe studies investigating the SDS of two groups of atypically developing children who show risk factors for SDS impairment—those with autism and those with specific language impairment. The research reported in Chapter 5 tests an important tenet of neoVygotskian theory—that the development of SDS development is domain-general—by looking at cross-task correlations between measures of private speech production in typically developing children. Other psychometric properties of private speech production (longitudinal stability and cross-context consistency) were also investigated. Chapter 6, the General Discussion, first summarises the main body of the thesis, and then goes on to discuss next steps for this research area, in terms of the methods used to study SDS, the issue of domain-general development, and the investigation of SDS in developmental disorders.
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Suddle, Muhammad Riaz. "Speech coding in private and broadcast networks." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1996. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/1019/.
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Day, Kimberly L. "Children's Private Speech During an Emotion-Eliciting Task." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42503.
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This study informs research on how private speech, which is typically seen as a cognitive ability, is utilized during an emotion-eliciting task. This research helps to bridge the divide between cognitive and emotional aspects of children's self-regulation by integrating how cognitive private speech strategies may be used to regulate emotion. Preschool-aged children (n = 116) completed a frustration task. Emotional expressions (anger and sadness), emotion regulation strategies (distraction and self-comforting behaviors), persistence (latency to quit and duration of on-task behavior), and children's private speech were coded. Whereas higher levels of nonfacilitative task-relevant private speech were associated with higher levels of both sadness and anger, social speech was positively associated with sadness, and inaudible muttering was positively associated with anger. Private speech, specifically vocalizations and task-irrelevant private speech, was also positively associated with the regulation strategies of self-comforting and distraction. Facilitative task-relevant private speech, however, was negatively associated with distraction. Finally, higher levels of social speech were associated with less persistence, while higher levels of facilitative task-relevant private speech was associated with more persistence. Findings from this study support the idea that private speech can have a regulatory effect during frustrating situations that children experience. Private speech occurred alongside emotions and regulation strategies in meaningful ways. Including measures of private speech in future studies on emotion regulation will add more detail and depth to researchers' understanding of children's regulatory abilities. In the future, interventions could be created to encourage children's use of private speech to enhance their emotion regulatory abilities.Master of Science
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Klop, Daleen. "Quality management in a private speech-language therapy practice." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26577.
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This study investigated the principles of quality management and their application to a private speech-language therapy practice. The history of quality management and the development of quality management in industry and health care services were reviewed. Quality was defined in terms of the context of the author's private speech-language therapy practice and a working definition of quality was developed. The principles in the development of a quality management programme were described. These principles were used to develop and implement a quality management programme in the author's private speech-language therapy practice. Financial management and client satisfaction were selected as strategic quality factors in the initial stages of the quality management programme. Practice policies were revised to establish success criteria and to measure the practice's conformance to these criteria. The quality management programme enabled the author to improve the quality and effectiveness of her practice's financial management system and to demonstrate the client-centered orientation of the practice by implementing client satisfaction as a quality indicator.
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Fernyhough, Charles. "Social and private speech as determinants of early cognitive functioning." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337962.
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Paladino, JoDe Berk Laura E. "Private speech in children with autism developmental course and functional utility /." Normal, Ill. : Illinois State University, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1276398691&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1181312973&clientId=43838.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2006.Title from title page screen, viewed on June 8, 2007. Dissertation Committee: Laura E. Berk (chair), Karla Doepke, Stacey Jones Bock, Dawn McBride. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 168-175) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Goodwin, Brittney M. "Parent's experiences accessing speech-language services across socioeconomic levels within private practice settings." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10196195.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate if socioeconomic status has a direct impact upon the accessibility of speech-language resources. A secondary purpose was to identify the possible barriers experienced by parents when accessing speech-language pathology resources. Online questionnaires were completed by 31 parents who had at least one child between the ages of 0-18 with or without a speech-language or hearing disorder, and were currently or previously received services at either Tichenor Orthopedic Clinic for Children in Long Beach, CA or Sounds Smart Speech Therapy in Placentia, CA. Results indicated that inverse relationship between the income level and the number of barriers experienced when accessing resources exists (i.e., income level increases = number of barriers experienced decreases). The results further indicated that the higher level of parental education, the sooner the child will be diagnosed. Further research is necessary to assist speech-language pathologists in facilitating parent education and identification of children with speech-language deficits (i.e., delays and/or disorders) across socioeconomic levels.
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Foxcroft, Mary-Lyn. "Business management practices employed by speech-language therapists and audiologists in private clinical settings." Diss., Pretoria: [s.n.], 2001. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03242006-130524.
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Duncan, Robert Muir. "Experimental studies of the forms and functions of private speech in young adults." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0024/NQ38237.pdf.
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Clark, Beverley. "Private speech : a window in the self-talk of kindergarten children from diverse language background." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/81.
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The immense potential of language, for learning, building relationships, as the embodiment of culture, for an understanding of the world and for expressing 'self', is the underlying theme of this thesis. One less apparent aspect of the language of children is their private speech. In this thesis the research questions focus on whether children from diverse language backgrounds attending English-speaking kindergartens use private speech. Further, if so, what is the context, who is present when it is used and is there a response from the person or people? These questions are primarily addressed through observations of eight children as well as recordings of their private speech. An understanding of the context is supported through interviews with the parents and teachers in the kindergartens. The expectations for this research were largely based on the work of Vygotsky, and adapted to the natural, 'free play' environments of the kindergartens. It was expected that children from diverse language backgrounds in English medium kindergartens would use private speech in their own language. While the children did use private speech (unlike the results from Vygotsky's research) they talked to themselves in English using the language that they had acquired from the community, from the media, from their experiences at kindergarten and in some cases from their families. Based on Krafft & Berk's categories of private speech, a significant focus of this research is the categories of private speech that were used by individual children. These findings pose interesting insight into the experiences of the children. This research has shown the child's remarkable ability to tune into the language and culture of context and to do so not only in relation to the socio-cultural context but also through thinking and acting. This study has also provided insight into the early childhood environments and the experiences of the teachers. As the first known research into private speech/self-talk in early childhood in Aotearoa New Zealand it can serve as a spring-board for further research to enhance our understanding of the child's thinking and learning through private speech.
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Al-Namlah, Abdulrahman S. "A sociocultural approach to memory development : private speech and culture as determinants of early remembering." Thesis, Durham University, 2002. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3967/.
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The main purpose of the studies reported in this thesis was to investigate young children’s memory development within a Vygotskian (1934/1986) theoretical framework in an attempt to understand the mechanisms via which socio-cultural factors impact on children's remembering. The central hypothesis of the studies undertaken for this thesis was that children's use of language to regulate their own behaviour involved the mechanism via which individual differences in social and cultural background impact on children's memory development. In particular, children's use of private speech as a means of using language strategically to regulate their behaviour was examined in its relations to their remembering performance on the assumption that effects of social and cultural factors on memory development will be reflected through the extent to which children in both the British and the Saudi societies tended to use this verbal behaviour. The phenomenon of private speech represents the developmental and functional relationship between social processes and the child's mental functioning in the sense that this verbal behaviour is assumed to underlie the developmental course of the child's intemalisation of social processes. Therefore, establishing links between private speech and children's memory development signifies the notion concerning the inseparability of the individual and the act of remembering from their social and cultural contexts (Mistry, 1997).Chapter 1 is dedicated to discuss the development of working memory processes and their determinants aiming to highlight the fact that several authors have argued for the importance of investigating effects of children's social and cultural contexts on their remembering behaviour in order to identify those mechanisms that are assumed to underlie developmental changes in children's memory performance. Chapter 2 reviews theories on the cultural processes influencing memory, and previous research on cross-cultural differences in memory development. Chapter 2 also outlines the theoretical framework of the studies reported in this thesis. Study 1 reported in Chapter 3 examined the incidence and function of private speech as well as its developmental and social aspects within and between the two cultural groups of children: the British and the Saudi Arabian. The findings indicated that private speech is a universal stage in children's cognitive development and its developmental and functional aspects are considered to be a function of cultural variations in children's socialisation between the two cultures. Study 2 reported in Chapter 4 was designed to address the possibility that private speech as a self-regulatory verbal behaviour may explain children's individual differences within and across the two cultures in terms of use of the subvocal rehearsal within the model of working memory. This issue was examined by linking private speech to the phenomenon of phonological similarity effect that is assumed to signify children's tendency to employ the subvocal rehearsal (Gathercole & Baddeley, 1993). The findings showed that in both cultures, children who relied more on private speech to regulate their behaviour were more susceptible to the phonological similarity effect and their overall remembering performance was better than children who were less dependent on private speech. These results suggest that the regulating capacity inherent in private speech enhances strategic remembering in verbal working memory. The relationship between private speech and remembering was further examined in Study 3 reported in Chapter 5. Study 3 aimed to investigate how children's individual differences within and across the two cultures in terms of using private speech would relate to their autobiographical narratives. Based on the dominant cultural norms, early socialisation of autobiographical memory involves teaching children the appropriate cultural way of reporting past personal memories in an organised narrative style when participating in memory talks with others, particularly parents. In this regard, children use language to achieve two main goals, the first is to share memories with others and the second is to use language internally in order to develop a self-reminding capacity (Nelson, 1993c; Nelson & Fivush, 2000). By representing the genetic link between social processes and mental processes, private speech may underlie the developmental shift from using language externally as in parent-child memory conversations towards applying it internally in order to enhance the development of self-reminding talk. Therefore, within Study 3, it was hypothesised that children's use of self-regulatory private speech might be the mechanism via which social interactions and cultural practices affect children's autobiographical memory. The findings of Study 3 provided support for a strategic use of language via private speech in the development of children's personal memories. In both cultures, children who were dependent more on private speech were better able in reporting more autobiographical narrative in a more organised way than children who relied less on this verbal behaviour. There was also a cultural effect on children's personal memories in the sense that the British than the Saudi children have reported more autobiographical memories in a more detailed way. The final chapter summarises the main findings of the three studies and indicates issues arising from these findings.
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Rouse, Baker Dawn. ""Let me show you what i'm thinking": the social function of private speech for young children." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110502.
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This dissertation explores the socio-cultural implications of content and context in Vygotsky's theory of the private speech of young children (Vygotsky, 1986). While private speech has long been thought to hold a snapshot of the child in cognitive transition, the content and context of the private speech has rarely been investigated. It is within the context of a larger social group that a child produces the utterances defined as private speech, and as such the context and content of the utterances must be evaluated in order to gain a comprehensive picture of the child as an active co-creator of culture in a social group.This ethnographic inquiry tells the story of one early childhood classroom, nested within a specific cultural context, as the children explore their surroundings through conversations with adults and peers. Children are observed to be engaged in the "leading work of childhood" through dramatic play, drawing, block building and music (Vygotsky, 1986). The spontaneous utterances of private speech occurred within and between the flow of these daily activities.Through the use of naturalistic observations, field notes, audio recordings, photographs and research journal, five vignettes were created of the private speech of individual children. These vignettes highlight the social nature of private speech by interjecting the content and context of the utterances through the lens of the heteroglossia of social life in the classroom (Bakhtin, 1986). This inquiry suggests that the question of the developmental purpose of private speech may well move from "Are the children engaging in "private speech?" to the more socially situated question of "To what are children referring in the content of their "private speech?" Results suggest that children are not only actively listening to the private speech of their peers, but are also producing it as social knowledge for the benefit of their peersThis inquiry adds to a larger body of research on Vygotsky's theory of private speech and sociocultural learning through the refocus of private speech as socially deployed "verbal mortar" between children rather than merely a tool for self-regulation used by individuals. The implications of this rather modest change of perspective may require teachers and researchers to consider the social life of the group, including the content of any private speech, as an integral part of a classroom curriculum, rather than a happenstance of proximity. Results also highlight the rich social life of a classroom and the important interpersonal relationships developed between a group of preschool peers.Cette dissertation explore les implications socio-culturelles du contenu et du contexte de la théorie de Vygotsky sur le "langage égocentrique" des jeunes enfants. Alors qu'on a longtemps pensé que le "langage égocentrique" était un cliché instantanné de l'enfant en transition cognitive, le contenu et le contexte du "langage égocentrique" a rarement été investigué. C'est dans le contexte d'un groupe social plus étendu que l'enfant produit les expressions définies comme étant le "langage égocentrique" et, en tant que tel, le contexte et le contenu de ces expressions doivent être évaluées de façon à acquérir une vision adéquate de l'enfant en tant que co-créateur actif de la culture d'un groupe social. Cette enquête ethnographique raconte l'histoire d'une salle de classe dans une école, issue d'un contexte culturel spécifique, tandis que les enfants explorent leur environnement à travers des conversations avec des adultes et des semblables. Des enfants impliqués dans "le travail constructif de l'enfance" par le biais du jeu théâtral, du dessin, des jeux de construction et de la musique (Vygotsky, 1986). Les expressions spontanées du "langage égocentrique" se sont produites à l'intérieur, et entre, le flot de ces activités.À travers l'utilisation de notes prises sur le terrain, d'enregistrements audio, de photographies et d'un cahier de notes de recherche, cinq vignettes ont été créées sur le langage égocentrique d'enfants individuels. Ces vignettes font ressortir la nature sociale du "langage égocentrique" en cernant le contenu et le contexte des expressions à travers la lentille du flot continu de la vie sociale dans la salle de classe. Cette enquête suggère que la question de la raison d'être du "langage égocentrique", par rapport à un but de développement, ne devrait pas être "Est-ce que les enfants utilisent le "langage égocentrique"?", mais plutôt "À quoi les enfants font-ils référence dans le contenu de leur "langage égocentrique"?" Les résultats suggèrent que les enfants ne font pas qu'écouter de façon active le "langage égocentrique" de leurs semblables, mais qu'ils l'expriment aussi au profit de leurs semblables.Cette enquête s'ajoute à une quantité de recherches sur la théorie de Vygotsky à propos du "langage égocentrique", et de l'apprentissage socio-culturel, à travers une réévaluation du "langage égocentrique" en tant que ciment entre les enfants, plutôt qu'un outil d'auto-régulation utilisé par les individus. Les implications de ce changement de perspective relativement modeste pourraient amener les enseignants à considérer la vie sociale du groupe, incluant le contenu du "langage égocentrique", en tant que part intégrale du programme d'études de la classe plutôt qu'un fruit du hasard de la proximité. Les résultats font aussi ressortir la richesse de la vie sociale d'une salle de classe et les relations interpersonnelles qui se développent entre les semblables d'un groupe préscolaire.
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Verma, Mohini. "Temporal patterns of co-occurrence between children's self-regulatory behaviour and their private and social speech." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273906.
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The role of language has been identified as crucial in the cognitive development of young children, and has been observed on different time-scales. In particular, the real-time verbal mediation of behaviour has been studied in the context of private speech use and self-regulation, pioneered by Vygotsky and continued by others who followed this line of research. However previous studies have mainly attempted to find correlations between speech and self-regulatory behaviour, but have been unable to capture the dynamic and real-time temporal interactions between these phenomena. Hence, without being able to carry out a contextual analysis of the actual instances of temporal co-occurrence between speech and behaviour, correlational analysis is limited in determining the various kinds of verbal mediation that children spontaneously employ as strategies during problem-solving and while exercising self-regulation. The current study proposes ‘temporal pattern analysis’ as an effective method of extracting significantly recurring patterns of task-relevant speech and goal-directed behaviour, as they repeatedly occur in a stream of naturalistic behaviour which may also contain other temporally random events. These recurring temporal patterns are then contextually analysed, considering the pragmatic content of the speech involved and the goal-directedness of the behaviour towards a specific goal of the episode. Goal-directed episodes of behaviour in eight typically-developing preschool children were video-recorded during their self-initiated activities in the classroom as well as during a problem-solving task held in a laboratory setting. The proposed method of temporal and contextual analysis was used to examine the role of both private as well as social speech in the verbal mediation of self-regulatory behaviour during goal-attainment. A Contextual Model of Verbal Mediation was proposed in the study to account for the diverse functions that both social and private speech perform during verbal mediation of one’s own and others’ behaviour in a goal-directed setting, depending on the specific social and task-related context. A dynamic framework of assessment of performance was developed in the study, to account for both successful attempts at self-regulation as well as failures of self-regulation. The study also attempted to determine any consistent group differences in the styles of verbal mediation employed by the children, across the classroom and the laboratory settings.
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Norris, Brandetta P. "Descriptions and experiences of communications within a private dental practice| A case study." Thesis, Capella University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3613481.
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"Healthcare organizations rely heavily on communications to deliver services and certify quality treatment outcomes. Specifically, communication and communication processes are critical determinants in whether a dental practice succeeds or fails. There has been a substantial amount of research on communication and its influence on patient satisfaction, employee morale, and work productivity within various organizations. However, limited existing qualitative research examines communication processes and their impact on health institutions. This research study explored the communication process and its influence on employee work performance within a dental practice. The researcher conducted semi-structured interviews to obtain descriptive, information-rich responses from a purposeful sample of 10 participants regarding their perception of the communication process. Utilizing an embedded, exploratory, case study research design, descriptions and experiences from leaders and employees revealed four major gaps within the organization's communication process. Consequently, six themes emerged that identified the four intricacies of an effective communication process within a private dental practice. The following complexities, lack of comprehension, lack of employee awareness, lack of precision and clarification of instruction, and inconsistent exchange of information, are crucial facets of the communication process. From the perspective of study participants, improvement in these areas would foster employee engagement, produce desirable outcomes, and enhance employee work performance"
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Feather, Beverly. "Inexperienced writers and private speech : how talk-to-self helps six and seven year olds write independently." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1994. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020905/.
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In this thesis I develop the argument that children's talk to themselves, or private speech, signals their understanding how to transform a thought into the alphabetic spelling code and is critical to their success in learning to write. At early stages of writing a child needs an experienced literate with whom to collaborate when composing and transcribing a readable text. This support performs the same functions as private speech does when a newly successful writer begins to compose and transcribe independently. Private speech in association with spelling emerges because it has an important function for children beginning to gain control of the conventions of spelling, helping to coordinate the various subtasks of the writing process. From 1987 to 1989 I worked full-time as the class teacher of six and seven year old Year Two children and researched their writing development, focusing on the stage where they began to write independently a readable text by spelling phonetically and reproducing from memory some conventional spellings. From analysis of field observations and videofilms of children writing, I devised a typology of beginning writers which includes a category not previously considered in the research literature: "perplexed" writers. These are children who have much of the knowledge and many of the skills needed to write but who cannot coordinate all the elements to compose and transcribe a text without help. Case studies of children in my classes track writing development over a year and show how and why perplexity develops and how children's writing behaviours change as they move towards writing successfully. From this understanding of the ontogenesis and resolution of perplexity I devised a pedagogy which supports beginning writers and helps eliminate perplexity.
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Yoshida, Reiko Languages & Linguistics Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences UNSW. "Overt and covert partcipation of learners in Japanese language classrooms." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Languages & Linguistics, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41212.
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This thesis investigates corrective-feedback episodes and learners?? private speech in Japanese language classrooms at a university to examine both overt and covert speech of the adult learners in relation to their target language learning. Corrective-feedback episodes between teachers and learners in language classrooms have been focused on as typical interactions in the classrooms and a factor that contributes to learning of target languages. Ohta (2001) found that learners noticed their teachers?? corrective feedback to the other learners and responded to the feedback in their private speech, and that they also repeated others or manipulated sounds or forms by using their private speech. As learners notice a gap between what they actually can produce and what they want to say, when they produce target languages, even without feedback (Swain, 1985; Swain and Lapkin, 1995), learners?? private speech should be examined as well as their corrective-feedback episodes in classrooms. The data were collected from six learners and two teachers at a Level 2 (upper beginning) Japanese course for two semesters (throughout a year). The data are composed of classroom observations, audio and video-recordings of the classrooms, and stimulated recall interviews with both the teachers and the learners following the classroom recordings. All corrective-feedback episodes and the learners?? private speech were transcribed and coded according to error type, corrective-feedback type, types of response to the feedback, and types of the learners?? private speech. The teachers tended to use recasts often because of the time limitation of the classroom teaching and their teaching policy. However, all the learners preferred to be given opportunities to self-correct their own errors before being provided with correct answers by recasts. Private speech had functions of cognitive/metacognitive, affective/social, and self-regulation, which overlapped with each other. The learners were aware of their use of private speech in the classrooms. The teachers sometimes noticed their learners?? use of private speech in the classes. The learners used both Japanese and English as cognitive tools as well as communicative tools. The learners used every opportunity for their learning, by overtly and covertly participating, in the class.
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Zylich, Brian Matthew. "Training Noise-Robust Spoken Phrase Detectors with Scarce and Private Data: An Application to Classroom Observation Videos." Digital WPI, 2019. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1289.
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We explore how to automatically detect specific phrases in audio from noisy, multi-speaker videos using deep neural networks. Specifically, we focus on classroom observation videos that contain a few adult teachers and several small children (< 5 years old). At any point in these videos, multiple people may be talking, shouting, crying, or singing simultaneously. Our goal is to recognize polite speech phrases such as "Good job", "Thank you", "Please", and "You're welcome", as the occurrence of such speech is one of the behavioral markers used in classroom observation coding via the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS) protocol. Commercial speech recognition services such as Google Cloud Speech are impractical because of data privacy concerns. Therefore, we train and test our own custom models using a combination of publicly available classroom videos from YouTube, as well as a private dataset of real classroom observation videos collected by our colleagues at the University of Virginia. We also crowdsource an additional 1152 recordings of polite speech phrases to augment our training dataset. Our contributions are the following: (1) we design a crowdsourcing task for efficiently labeling speech events in classroom videos, (2) we develop a neural network-based architecture for speech recognition, robust to noise and overlapping speech, and (3) we explore methods to synthesize new and authentic audio data, both to increase the training set size and reduce the class imbalance. Finally, using our trained polite speech detector, (4) we investigate the relationship between polite speech and CLASS scores and enable teachers to visualize their use of polite language.
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Metcalf, Alison. "A Survey of Aural Rehabilitation Services Provided to Hearing Impaired Clients in the Private Sector." PDXScholar, 1993. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4618.
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While the approaches for providing aural rehabilitation to the hearing impaired are well documented, no research and only a few articles addressed the comprehensive application of these approaches in the private sector. Therefore, a survey of audiologists was conducted to determine how extensively the approaches are being utilized in this setting and what, if any, unmet client needs may exist. Sixty certified, dispensing audiologists who work in the private sector and reside in Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming participated in the study. Participants were identified from membership lists provided by the five states' Speech-Language and Hearing Associations. A questionnaire was constructed to determine the extent that 14 topics, 32 methods, and 18 barriers, which were identified in the literature, are being used or encountered when providing services to these clients. The survey results indicated that once the standard hearing aid evaluation has been completed, 45% of the respondents are spending less than 60 minutes in providing aural rehabilitation to each client. Only 5% of the respondents were dissatisfied with this amount of time, indicating that 40% believed that comprehensive aural rehabilitation services can be provided satisfactorily in less than one hour. Eighty-six percent of the topics listed in the questionnaire are being discussed with a majority of the respondents' clients. On an average, the respondents discussed topics relating to Audiogram Results, Hearing Aid Orientation, and Expectations for Hearing Aids with over 90% of their hearing impaired clients. They discussed Trouble Shooting and Communication Enhancement with 76-83% of their clients, and they also discussed Hearing Loss Information and Listening Devices with 58-60% of them. Community Resources was discussed with only 33% of this clientele. Only 25% of the methods listed in the questionnaire are being utilized with a majority of the respondents' hearing impaired clients. On an average, respondents utilized methods relating to Oral Instruction with 99% of these clients. They utilized Counseling, Skill Practice, and Support with between 49-64% of them. Respondents utilized the remainder of the methods, including Written Materials, Visual Aids, Referral, Audio-Visual Aids, Structured Classes, and Programmed Instruction, with less than 30% of this clientele. Sixty-three percent of the methods that respondents estimated using with a majority of their clients rely solely upon the ability to hear and comprehend the spoken word, and only 37% of these provide opportunities for repeated exposure to the educational concepts being conveyed. None of the barriers listed in the questionnaire were perceived by respondents as having a high degree of influence on the services they provide. Only 1/3 of the barriers were perceived as having a moderate degree of influence, including audiologists' lack of time to research or develop instructional materials and clients• a.) denial, b.) vanity or self-consciousness, c.) lack of interest, d.) reluctance to participate in an aural rehabilitation program, and e.) ability to afford a hearing aid.
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Lewis, Sarah. "Young people's problem-solving skills and resiliency : the roles of executive functions and private speech in relation to resiliency." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/young-peoples-problemsolving-skills-and-resiliency-the-roles-of-executive-functions-and-private-speech-in-relation-to-resiliency(3052bbaa-8ff9-44a8-8e47-0892aa92c201).html.
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In recent years there has been a move towards promoting the well-being and positive outcomes for children and young people who are at risk of or identified with emotional and behavioural difficulties. There has been interest from researchers as to why some young people are able to successfully manage very difficult situations, whilst others are not able cope and may as a result impact on their well-being and overall future outcomes in life. This study aimed to explore the role of executive functions and private speech in relation to resiliency as there has been little previous research exploring these areas together. Using the knowledge of previous research and literature, two research questions were devised; in what ways might executive functioning and young people’s resiliency relate to each other and in what ways does private speech provide insight into young people’s resiliency. This quantitative research made use of a correlation design to explore the relationships between Year 7 students’ perceptions of their resiliency and their neurocognitive executive functions. This exploratory study comprised 162 Year 7 students, who completed the Resiliency Scales for Children and Adolescents (Prince-Embury, 2007) to identify the students’ resiliency profiles. A cross section of students was selected for further investigation. 28 students completed a number of computerised tests to explore their executive functions and their private speech was captured using a video-recorder. The study revealed a number of relationships with particular aspects of executive functioning identified and particular areas of the students’ resiliency. However, the extent to which these skills are related or independent of each other is not known. The counter-intuitive findings suggest that there might be other factors which contributed to such findings, including the students’ perceptions of their competency and their sense of self-worth. There appeared to be differences in students’ use of private speech dependent on their perceived personal strengths and vulnerability. In addition, identification of the students’ non-verbal communication and paralanguage enabled greater access to students’ emotional reactions to the task situations. This helped to explore the way that the students appeared to be able to cope and manage these tasks and explore their emotional regulation further. These results are discussed in light of previous literature and research evidence and implications for practice and future research highlighted.
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Day, Kimberly L. "Relations Between Parent Emotion Coaching and Children's Emotionality: The Importance of Children's Cognitive and Emotional Self-Regulation." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/56960.
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Children's self-regulation has been found to be related to optimal developmental outcomes; however, researchers are still investigating how cognitive and emotional regulation work together to explain development of self-regulation. This study investigated how children's private speech interacted with emotion regulation, conceptualized as effortful control, to predict children's emotionality. I also examined how private speech and effortful control may be different strategies of self-regulation that more fully explain the relation of parental emotion coaching philosophy to children's emotionality.
Preschool-aged children (n = 156) and their primary caregivers participated in this study. Parental emotion coaching was observationally measured as encouraging of negative emotion when discussing a time when children were upset. Children's non-beneficial private speech was transcribed and coded during a cognitively-taxing task. Children's effortful control (attention shifting, attention focusing, and inhibitory control) and negative emotion (anger and sadness) were measured using parent-report on the Child Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ).
It was found that children's parent-reported effortful control significantly mediated the relation between parent's observed emotion coaching philosophy and children's reported negative emotionality. Parents who did more emotion coaching had children reported to have greater effortful control and in turn were reported as less emotionally negative. While parental emotion coaching did not predict children's non-beneficial private speech, children who used less of the non-beneficial private speech were reported as less emotionally negative. Lastly, children's private speech and effortful control interacted to predict children's negative emotion. When children were low in effortful control they were high in negative emotion, regardless of how much non-beneficial private speech they used. However, children with higher levels of effortful control were reported as less negative when non-beneficial private speech was low.
This research supports the importance of considering both cognitive and emotional development together, because private speech and emotion regulation interacted to predict children's negative emotionality. In addition, parents who support and encourage negative emotions may aid children's effortful control.
This research further supports the importance of children's use of private speech in the classroom because non-beneficial private speech may be an additional cue for teachers and caregivers to know that a child needs assistance.Ph. D.
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Benedetto-Nasho, Elizabeth. "Use of private speech during math computation in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, methodological challenges, task performance and effects of stimulant medication." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ58984.pdf.
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Gutierrez, Menez Evangelina. ""No se nace mujer, la mujer se hace:" la autoconstrucción del personaje principal en la novela Leonora de Elena Poniatowska." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-43025.
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The novel Leonora by Elena Poniatowska is about Leonora Carrington who was born into a wealthy family and challenged family traditions, and those expectations imposed by her social background and her gender. It will be shown that the main character acts according to a self-construction process free of social impositions. Simone de Beauvoir’s well-known phrase “one is not born a woman, one becomes one”, is one of the feminist positions that contributes to this analysis, as well as the literary techniques explained by Gérard Genette, Oscar Tacca, Mieke Bal and the narratology theories of focalization, direct speech, indirect speech and free indirect speech. The aim of this essay is to analyze the literary techniques that present the self-construction of the main character, and their effects on the reader. The hypotheses of this essay are that in order to present the self-construction of the character, the literary techniques create an effect of alternately zooming the reader in to the main character’s experience, and zooming out to a more objective view. In addition, the literary techniques used to present Carrington’s self-construction seek to show her feminist stance and her transgressions in both private and public spheres. Poniatowska’s literary techniques deliver the message that when a woman is released from social and cultural constraints she has the power to modify spheres.
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Mallipeddi, Ravi Kanth. "Understanding the roles of partners in partnerships funded by the global fund." Thesis, [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2598.
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Amaral, Anelize Queiroz. "Educação ambiental e a dimensão política : um estudo de caso do programa de formação de educadores ambientais da usina hidroelétrica Itaipu Binacional /." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152712.
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Fundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Paraná (FAADCT/PR)
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar aspectos da dimensão política presentes no Programa de Educação Ambiental da Itaipu Binacional na Bacia do Paráná III (BP III), e particularmente, o Programa de Formação de Educadores Ambientais (FEA), bem como mobilizar, possíveis significados e sentidos sobre a temática ambiental e a Educação Ambiental. As análises foram realizadas considerando alguns documentos produzidos pelo programa FEA e de respostas aos questionários e entrevistas semiestruturadas, com participantes do programa. Sabe-se que discussões em torno da temática ambiental se fazem presentes em diversos setores da sociedade, emergindo como um problema significativo, em nível mundial, a partir das décadas de 1960 e 1970. No referido período, ocorreram várias conferências e encontros que geraram diversos documentos, apontando para uma crise que se delineava como uma crise civilizatória e/ou do pensamento, concernente à questão ambiental. Tais discussões provocaram, à época, a emergência de um ambientalismo que passou a se manifestar por meio de ações de organizações da sociedade civil e estatais. Justamente nesse contexto, identificamos empresas privadas, estatais e de economia mista colocando-se como importantes atores para o desenvolvimento de ações de Educação Ambiental. Mas, que indicadores da dimensão política podem ser mobilizados a partir da análise do Programa de Educação Ambiental, e particularmente no programa FEA em análise? Que sentidos sobre a temática ambiental e a dimensão política da Educação Ambiental podemos mobilizar a partir da análise do programa FEA e discursos dos participantes desse processo formativo? Que aspectos desses discursos mobilizados pelo programa FEA estão refletidos nos discursos dos participantes? O quanto desses discursos são refratados nos discursos desses participantes? Quais podem ser evidenciados por meio de Polêmicas Abertas (PA) e/ou Polêmicas Veladas (PV)? A partir desses sentidos mobilizados, que relação podemos estabelecer entre ação política conforme o proposto por Arendt (2014) e o processo educativo proposto nesse programa em análise? Para responder essas questões, a presente pesquisa está alicerçada na abordagem de pesquisa qualitativa, estudo de caso, e sua perspectiva teórico-metodológica está embasada na análise do discurso proposta por Bakhtin e o Círculo, buscando compreender significados e mobilizar sentidos passíveis de serem construídos em um processo dialógico com o contexto dessa região. Como principais resultados foi possível mobilizar sentidos que apontam aspectos da temática ambiental, suas causas e impactos, bem como perspectivas políticas da Educação Ambiental, apresentadas por esse programa na BP III. Podemos concluir que a ação política, conforme contribuições de Arendt, é sim possível nesse território que possui sujeitos políticos, efetivamente engajados em alguns dos municípios envolvidos. No entanto, verificamos o ocultamento do contexto histórico dessa região que foi fortemente marcado pela construção da Usina. Conflitos e injustiças socioambientais que estão sendo apaziguadas por meio de medidas mitigadoras que de certa maneira silencia os sujeitos desse território e não possibilita uma ação política, na qual os espaços públicos devem promover questionamentos acerca do atual modelo de sociedade-natureza.
The objective of this research was to analyze aspects of the political dimension present in the Environmental Education Program of Itaipu Binacional in the Parana III Basin (BP III), and particularly the Environmental Educators Training Program (FEA), as well as to mobilize, possible meanings and senses about the environmental themes and Environmental Education. The analyzes were made considering some documents produced by the FEA program and answers to the questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, with program participants. It is known that discussions around the environmental theme are present in several sectors of society, emerging as a significant problem on a global level, starting in the 1960s and 1970s. In the referred period, several conferences and meetings ocurred that generated diverse documents, pointing to a crisis that was outlined as a crisis of civilization and / or thinking, concerning the environmental issue. Such discussions provoked, at the time, the emergence of environmentalism that began to manifest itself through the actions of civil society and state organizations. Precisely in that context that we identify private, state and mixed-economy companies by becoming important contributors to the development of Environmental Education actions. But, what indicators of the political dimension can be mobilized from the analysis of the Environmental Education Program, and particularly the FEA program under review? What ways about the environmental theme and the political dimension of Environmental Education can we mobilize from the analysis of the FEA program and the participants' discourses of that formative process? What aspects of those discourses mobilized by the FEA program are reflected in the participants' discourses? How much of those discourses are refracted in the speeches of those participants? Which can be evidenced by “Open Polemics” (OP) and / or “Veiled Polemics”(VP)? From those mobilized senses, what relationship can we establish between political action as proposed by Arendt (2014) and the educational process proposed in that program under analysis? To answer these questions, the present research is based on the qualitative research approach, study o f case, and its theoretical-methodological perspective is based on the analysis of the discourse proposed by Bakhtin and the Circle, seeking to understand meanings and mobilize senses that can be constructed in a dialogical process with the context of that region. As main results it was possible to mobilize ways that indicate aspects of the environmental theme, its causes and impacts, as well as the political perspectives of Environmental Education presented by this program in BP III. We can conclude that political action, according to Arendt's contributions, is possible in that territory that has political subjects, effectively engaged in some of the cities involved. Nevertheless, we verified the concealment of the historical context of that region that was strongly marked by the construction of the Plant. Social-environmental conflicts and injustices that are being appeased through mitigating measures that in a way silences the subjects of that territory and does not allow political action, in which public spaces must promote questionings about the current model of society-nature.
FAADCT/PR: 18/2015.
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Creutz, Holmgren Stefan. "Vad innebär identifieringskrav vid uttag av enskilda arkiv hos en arkivmyndighet? : Offentlighets- och yttrandefrihetsprincipen kan hotas om undersökande journalister registreras." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Arkivvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-45583.
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The aim of this study is to examine if the freedom of information and thus also the freedom of expression in Sweden can be harmed if Swedish archives will start to identity control and register scholars who wants to take part private of archives in public archives. To find an answer, I have looked at the advantages and disadvantages of such registration and control. If a registration is introduced there is some thought about sort out and preservation and you can see if the principle of openness and thus freedom of expression can be damaged in such a registration. I have analysed and compared Swedish laws concerning the principle of openness and for archives as well as the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and conducted semi-structured interviews with a lawyer, an archivist, and a journalist. I have concluded that it is possible for the Swedish National Archive to register who takes part in their individual archives, but it is uncertain how long this information can be preserved. Most of the informants believe that the principle of openness and thus freedom of expression can be damaged if control of identification is introduced. The journalist believes that the registered information can be used to map journalists and prevent them from accessing information in private archives.Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om offentlighetsprincipen och därmed också yttrandefriheten i Sverige kan skadas om svenska arkiv kommer att börja identitetskontrollera och registrera forskare som vill delta privat i arkiv i offentliga arkiv. För att hitta ett svar har jag tittat på fördelarna och nackdelarna med sådan registrering och kontroll. Om en registrering införs tänker man på sortering och bevarande och man kan se om principen om öppenhet och därmed yttrandefrihet kan skadas i en sådan registrering. Jag har analyserat och jämfört svenska lagar om principen om öppenhet och för arkiv samt EU: s allmänna dataskyddsförordning (GDPR) och genomfört halvstrukturerade intervjuer med en advokat, en arkivare och en journalist. Jag har kommit fram till att det är möjligt för Svenska Nationalarkivet att registrera vem som deltar i sina enskilda arkiv, men det är osäkert hur länge denna information kan bevaras. De flesta informanter tror att principen om öppenhet och därmed yttrandefrihet kan skadas om kontroll av identifiering införs. Journalisten tror att den registrerade informationen kan användas för att kartlägga journalister och hindra dem från att få tillgång till information i privata arkiv.
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Santos, Ana Paula Loures dos. "A fala privada no processo de ensino-aprendizagem da língua inglesa para crianças entre quatro e cinco anos em uma escola internacional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8147/tde-24112016-125246/.
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A fala privada, de acordo com Wertsch (1980), é definida como um diálogo que o indivíduo promove consigo mesmo e sua função recai na necessidade da autorregulação, autodirecionamento e autorreflexão. Os estudos sobre fala privada de crianças e adultos foram pesquisados por McCafferty (1994), Berk & Spuhl (1995), Fernyhough & Russell (1997), Krafft & Berk (1998), Winsler, Carlton, Barry (2000), Manfra & Winsler (2006), Smith (2007), Day & Smith (2013), entre outros. Entretanto, o estudo da fala privada não foi investigado pelas pesquisas de Língua Estrangeira para Crianças (LEC) no Brasil. Dessa forma, essa pesquisa de mestrado se insere na lacuna existente na falta de estudos sobre a fala privada como uma importante ferramenta cognitiva no processo de ensino-aprendizagem da Língua Inglesa (LI). Nos estudos do LEC e de ensino-aprendizagem de língua estrangeira em geral, a língua é considerada somente uma fonte de comunicação. O propósito desse estudo foi verificar como a fala privada ocorre, quais suas funções e frequência. Para tanto, nove crianças entre quatro e cinco anos de diferentes nacionalidades e línguas maternas em uma escola internacional foram gravadas durante as atividades de Circle Time e Phonics. De acordo com os dados coletados, na análise quantitativa, cada fala foi classificada em fala privada ou fala social com o propósito de descobrir qual criança produziu mais fala privada. Na análise qualitativa havia a necessidade de considerar o ambiente social da crianças para descrever quando a fala privada ocorreu, sua função e frequência. Por exemplo, existem crianças que são expostas a três ou mais línguas estrangeiras ao mesmo tempo em casa e na escola, algumas somente falam em inglês na escola e português em casa e outras falam inglês e português na escola e em casa. Os resultados mostraram que a fala privada foi importante na promoção da autorregulação durante o processo de ensino-aprendizagem das crianças analisadas. Ela desempenhou um papel importante no engajamento das crianças quando estavam aprendendo os sons e as palavras na língua inglesa. Além disso, a fala privada demonstrou uma participação efetiva das crianças durante as atividades mesmo aparentemente não sendo ouvidas pelo professor.Private speech, according to Wertsch (1980), is defined as a private dialog that the individual promotes with himself and its function lies in the necessity of self-regulation, self-guidance and self-reflection. Private speech of children and adults has been extensively studied by McCafferty (1994), Berk & Spuhl (1995), Fernyhough & Russell (1997), Krafft & Berk (1998), Winsler, Carlton, Barry (2000), Manfra & Winsler (2006), Smith (2007), Day & Smith (2013) and others. In Brazilian research, a gap could be identified regarding the study of private speech in English as a Foreign Langague for Children (LEC) as an important cognitive tool for the teaching-learning process. In these Brazilian studies, language is considered only a source for communication. The purpose of this study was to verify how private speech occured, what was its function and frequency. For this reason, nine children between four and five years old from different nationalities in an international school were voice and video recorded during the activities of Circle Time and Phonics. According to the data collected, in the quantitative analysis, each speech was classified as private speech or social speech in order to count which child produced more private speech. In the qualitative analysis there was the necessity to consider the childs environment in order to describe when private speech occured, its function and frequency. For instance, there are children that are exposed to three or more languages at the same time at home and at school, some only speak English at school and Brazilian Portuguese at home and others speak English and Brazilian Portuguese at home and at school. The findings of this study showed that private speech was important for promoting self-regulation in the teaching-learning process of the children analysed. It also played an important role in children engajament when learning the sounds and the words in English. Besides that, private speech showed an effective involvement of the children during the activities even though they were not heard, apparently, by the teacher.
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Pinho, Isis da Costa. "A fala privada na aprendizagem de inglês como língua estrangeira em tarefas colaborativas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/16221.
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Esta pesquisa busca investigar o papel da fala privada na aprendizagem de inglês como língua estrangeira, a partir da análise de seu uso por aprendizes adultos engajados em uma tarefa colaborativa. A base teórica norteadora desse estudo consiste em princípios da teoria sociocultural e de sua aplicação na aquisição de segunda língua (SL) e língua estrangeira (LE) conforme Vygotsky (1978, 1986, 1987), Lantolf (2000, 20006), Lantolf e Thorne (2000, 2006), Swain (2000), Smith (2007) e Lee (2008), entre outros. O estudo envolveu a aplicação da tarefa colaborativa "Quebra-cabeça" (de Swain e Lapkin, 2001) a sete duplas de aprendizes adultos de nível iniciante e pré-intermediário de inglês como LE, em um Curso Livre em extensão promovido por uma universidade federal. Nessa tarefa, as duplas deveriam construir uma narrativa, oralmente e por escrito, a partir de uma série de figuras sem ordem pré-determinada. Logo após a tarefa, houve uma entrevista com os participantes a fim de registrar suas percepções quanto à tarefa realizada, seu desempenho, e uso da fala privada. Além disso, aplicou-se um questionário para construir o perfil dos participantes enquanto aprendizes de LE. Uma semana após a tarefa, uma sessão reflexiva foi realizada, na qual as duplas puderam observar a sua produção oral e escrita por meio das gravações e do texto escrito e foram encorajadas a refletirem sobre a língua produzida e a fazerem reformulações. Os diálogos foram gravados em áudio e em vídeo, transcritos e analisados em busca de evidências de fala privada. Pergunta-se qual a natureza e função da fala privada no diálogo colaborativo e quais seus efeitos no processo auto-regulatório dos indivíduos. A análise dos dados sugere que a fala privada mediou a busca por auto-regulação na realização da tarefa, quando a natureza do diálogo foi colaborativa, promovendo ocasiões de aprendizagem. Esse estudo pretende contribuir para a elaboração de intervenções pedagógicas mais eficazes para a aprendizagem de línguas com a testagem de tarefas colaborativas que fomentem o uso da língua como processo e produto da aprendizagem, que se torna relevante para a realização de um evento comunicativo.This research aims to investigate the role of private speech in English as a foreign language learning, based on the analysis of its use by adult learners engaged in a collaborative task. The theoretical approach this study follows comprises sociocultural theory principles and their application in the second and foreign language acquisition research, according to Vygotsky (1978, 1986, 1987), Lantolf (2000, 2006), Lantolf and Thorne (2000, 2006), Swain (2000), Smith (2007) and Lee (2008), among others. The study involved the production of the collaborative task "jigsaw" (Swain and Lapkin, 2001) by seven dyads of beginner and preintermediate adult English learners, in a private language course promoted by a Brazilian federal university. In this task, the dyads should construct oral and written narratives, based on a series of pictures with no pre-determined order. Soon after the task, an interview was taken with the participants in order to register their perceptions of the task itself, their performance, and the use of private speech. Furthermore, a questionnaire was applied to build the participants' profile as English learners. A week after the task, a reflexive section happened, in which the dyads could observe their oral and written production, and they were encouraged to reflect upon the language produced and make reformulations. The dialogues were audio and video recorded, transcribed and analysed in search of private speech evidence. The main research question focus on the nature and function of private speech in the collaborative dialogue and its effects in the learners' self-regulatory process. The data analysis suggests that private speech mediated the search for selfregulation in the task completion, when the nature of the dialogue was collaborative, promoting learning situations. This study intends to contribute to the elaboration of more effective pedagogic interventions for language learning based on collaborative tasks that foster language as a learning process and product.
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Belda, Jean-Benoist. "Apparence et réalité des discours de la Cour de cassation : Etude positive et critique d'un office en mutation." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTD059/document.
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Juridiction suprême de l’ordre judiciaire, la Cour de cassation a pour mission de contrôler le respect de la loi ; elle en est la gardienne. La Cour de cassation est par conséquent juge du droit et ses décisions s’imposent aux juridictions qui lui sont inférieures. Ce rôle de la Haute juridiction est l’héritage de la période révolutionnaire pendant laquelle s’est exprimée une volonté : celle de faire table rase du gouvernement des juges. Ce pouvoir judiciaire exacerbé s’est en effet illustré sous l’Ancien régime à travers l’activité des Parlements. De cette volonté de rupture est née une idéologie légaliste : l’activité du juge est encadrée par la loi et ce dernier doit raisonner en fonction d’elle. Face à ce constat, la thèse adopte alors une approche descriptive de ce légalisme. Cette idéologie influence la fonction de juger dans sa conception et son expression, présentant alors le juge comme « la bouche de la loi ». Pourtant, derrière cette apparence très formelle, ces motivations brèves et ces raisonnements syllogistiques, le juge de la Cour de cassation se révèle un interprète authentique et fait état d’un réel pouvoir judiciaire normatif. A partir de cette observation, cette étude se propose de dévoiler cette réalité latente, d’expliquer de quelle manière elle s’établit et de comprendre pourquoi, malgré l’évidence du réel, l’apparence légaliste reste la représentation officielle. Un décalage entre l’apparence de l’office du juge tel qu’il est exprimé et la réalité de l’office tel qu’il est exercé est donc identifiable. C’est sur la base de ce constat et en prenant en compte les contraintes internationales - notamment européennes - pesant sur l’office du juge français que cette recherche fait le choix de s’inscrire dans une approche pragmatique en proposant des évolutions de la fonction de juger dans un objectif de cohérence, d’intelligibilité et d’efficacité de la justiceSupreme Court of the french judiciary system, the Court of cassation has the mission to control the respect of the law ; the Court is its gardian. Its decisions are imperative upon the lower jurisdictions of the judicial system. This role of the High Jurisdiction is the inheritance of the revolutionary period during which the will was to ward off the government by judiciary. This government of judges took place in France under the Old Regime through the activity of Parliaments. Through this will of break was born a legalistic ideology : the activity of the judge is supervised by the law ; judges has to argue according to it. Considering this, the thesis adopts then a descriptive approach : the legalism has an impact on the conception of the judge, his judicial activity and its expression. The judge is presented as the mouth of the law. Nevertheless, behind this formal appearance, these brief motivations of the decisions and these syllogistic reasonings, the judge of the Court of cassation shows himself an interpreter and has a real normative judiciary power. This work suggests then revealing this reality, to explain how it becomes established and to understand why in spite of the obvious fact of the reality, the legalistic appearance remains the official representation. A gap between the appearance of the office of the judge as it is expressed and the reality of the office as it is exercised is thus identifiable. It’s on the basis of this observation and by considering the international constraints (european constraints in particular) impacting the judge activity that this thesis chooses to have a pragmatic approach by suggesting evolutions of the judicial function in an objective of coherence, intelligibility and efficiency of the justice
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Buslig, Aileen Laura Suzanne 1966. "Aggressiveness in privacy-seeking behavior." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290660.
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Almost everyone experiences the desire for privacy occasionally. Achieving privacy, on the other hand, can be more difficult, especially when relational concerns are present. While the topic of privacy has received a good deal of attention in a variety of fields (e.g., communication, law, psychology, architecture, sociology), the impact of the act of seeking privacy has received little study. Privacy-seeking is often considered a selfish act, one that is likely to make the seeker feel guilty and the other affected parties rejected. The purpose of the present study is to examine the aggressiveness of various strategies that people use to gain privacy. In the present study, privacy-seekers described how they tried to achieve privacy in a particular situation, the reasons and motivations behind their actions, their perceptions of the situation and their own behavior, and the consequences of their actions. Results indicated that the use of moderate aggressiveness may be a superior strategy for achieving privacy with relational sensitivity, in comparison to aggressive or nonaggressive strategies. Aggressive strategies were seen as more dominant, less pleasant and less composed, and resulted in more negative relational consequences, than moderately aggressive strategies, while nonaggressive strategies were seen as less dominant, equally pleasant and composed, but less satisfying to use than moderately aggressive strategies. The relationship of the intruder (friend or stranger) also played a role in how participants sought privacy. However, no setting effects were found for perceptions of the environment or type of territory and use of aggressiveness.
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Chordia, Mudit. "Need for Speed – A Systems Perspective on the Environmental Cost of High Top Speeds in German Passenger Cars." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-234232.
Full textAbstract:
Automobiles have evolved from meeting transportation needs of their owners a century ago, to addressing transportation desires of their owners today. They now meet the owner’s desire for status though sign values such as speed, safety, environmental consciousness, sexual desire, freedom, masculinity etc., and are anthropomorphised by creatively invented names. It comes as little surprise that the transport sector alone accounts for nearly a quarter of the global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions – levels that are further expected to double by 2050. Germany, which is the highest emitter of GHGs in Europe recorded nearly 1 Gt GHG emissions in 2016 alone. Such high concentration of emissions from the German transport sector can in some part be attributed to the autobahn network in Germany – 2/3rd of which have no mandated speed limits, thus encouraging the car manufacturers to design cars that are operation worthy even at speeds of up to 250 km/ h (or higher), that are unrepresentative of real world driving conditions. This thesis aims at quantifying the environmental impact of this design for high top speeds in passenger cars from a systems perspective. This is achieved by using a comparative lifecycle assessment of passenger cars from a cradle-to-grave approach. A number of passenger car specifications are modelled which include a representative base case for a German car, vehicle light-weighting approach through material substitution, and down engineered car. The results of the comparative lifecycle assessment showed that, light-weighting a passenger car through material substitution showed a reduction of between 3 to 9% in impact categories such climate change, particulate matter formation, fossil depletion, human toxicity and terrestrial eco-toxicity as compared to the baseline levels. Higher reductions of nearly 12% and 31%, were observed in the marine eco-toxicity and the metal depletion impact categories respectively. However, there exists potential to reduce up to 40% in all selected environmental impact categories when comparing baseline passenger car to a down engineered one. Further, light-weighting a passenger car through higher material substitution showed an increase in the indirect energy consumption and higher impacts in ten out of the eighteen impact categories, as compared to a lower material substitution option. Thus, an important conclusion drawn from this thesis is that when implementing steps to reduce environmental impacts of passenger cars, shift of burden must be avoided between the lifecycle phases as well as the impact categories.
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Lukman, Joshua R. "Right to publicity and privacy versus first amendment freedom of speech." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2003. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/323.
Full textAbstract:
This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Legal Studies
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Chen, Xiao. "Modeling demand for high speed rail in Sweden. : Private trips." Thesis, KTH, Transportvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-48027.
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Nowadays, people face a series of choices every day, what kind of factors will influence their choices has become a research subject. People are always looking for the best choice which they benefit the most. In this project, the mode choices people face are car, bus, train and air. The study is focused on long distance intercity trips and high speed rail assessment. In the discrete choice model, the benefit of each choice is represented by the utility function of the corresponding characters and people’s preference. MNL model and NL model are built to estimated people’s choices towards mode choices and destination-mode choices. Models with respect to trip purposes, income and SP combined with RP are discussed. FASTBIOGEME and ALOGIT are used as tools to do the model estimation, validation and making forecast. Market share for different modes are forecasting according to different polices. Elasticity with respect to cost and travel time is discussed.
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Paton, Elizabeth Katrine. "Privacy law and the media." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28826.
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This thesis explores the issue of how to reconcile the value of individual privacy with that of freedom of speech. It argues that there ought to be legal protection against invasion of privacy by the media, and that such protection should be seen as complementary to a system of free expression rather than opposed to such a system.
A definition of privacy is outlined which, it is contended, meets the criteria for a coherent, neutral definition. Various reasons for valuing privacy and in favour of protecting the individual's reasonable expectations of privacy are identified. It is argued that lack of precision in the normative realm, in defining with certainty when privacy is invaded, should not be an excuse for leaving the individual without legal protection.
There follows an examination of the protection of privacy against media incursions in English, New Zealand, Australian and Canadian law, other than the coincidental protection afforded by certain common law actions. There has been significant judicial and legislative recognition of the need to safeguard privacy interests, and many interesting developments in recent years are discussed. However, none of the countries considered has yet developed effective recourse for victims of unwarranted and invasive publications.
It is argued that the relationship between privacy and free speech has been wrongly conceptualised, and that in fact both interests serve the same underlying set of values. Problems arise when privacy and free speech interests are balanced in the abstract rather than in context, and when a simplistic view of press freedom is adopted in disregard of the realities of the modern mass media.
Invasive publications generally do not significantly advance free speech interests unless they help to provide the information needed for public decision-making. Furthermore, this information can in many cases be conveyed without detriment by withholding details which disclose identity. A three-step test is proposed to determine whether privacy and free speech interests can be reconciled without compromise to either of them, or whether it is necessary to balance these interests in the context of the case.
It will also be maintained that a contextual approach is preferable to the adoption of categories such as "public figures" and "public places". These concepts tend to be misleading, and should be eschewed as analytical tools, since they confuse important questions which require separate analysis.Law, Peter A. Allard School of
Graduate
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Raghunathan, Anusha. "EVALUATION OF INTELLIGIBILITY AND SPEAKER SIMILARITY OF VOICE TRANSFORMATION." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/101.
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Voice transformation refers to a class of techniques that modify the voice characteristics either to conceal the identity or to mimic the voice characteristics of another speaker. Its applications include automatic dialogue replacement and voice generation for people with voice disorders. The diversity in applications makes evaluation of voice transformation a challenging task. The objective of this research is to propose a framework to evaluate intentional voice transformation techniques. Our proposed framework is based on two fundamental qualities: intelligibility and speaker similarity. Intelligibility refers to the clarity of the speech content after voice transformation and speaker similarity measures how well the modified output disguises the source speaker. We measure intelligibility with word error rates and speaker similarity with likelihood of identifying the correct speaker. The novelty of our approach is, we consider whether similarly transformed training data are available to the recognizer. We have demonstrated that this factor plays a significant role in intelligibility and speaker similarity for both human testers and automated recognizers. We thoroughly test two classes of voice transformation techniques: pitch distortion and voice conversion, using our proposed framework. We apply our results for patients with voice hypertension using video self-modeling and preliminary results are presented.
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Vidot, Émeline. "La construction d'une identité réunionnaise de 1959 à nos jours : représentations culturelles et constructions discursives." Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0009/document.
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Ce travail de recherche interroge les revendications identitaires (territoriales et politiques, individuelles et collectives) dans un corpus de discours engagés. Nous avons privilégié les discours des partis progressistes, des romans engagés des années 1970-1980, des récits de vie et des témoignages des enfants de la Creuse. Les textes analysés mettent en lumière la construction d'un modèle politique de mise-sous-tutelle et accusent un processus de décolonisation qui étouffe les particularités et stigmatise l'identité créole. Les revendications portent sur l'autonomisation des décisions politiques et la considération des spécificités régionales. Ces particularités locales, qu'elles soient géographiques, langagières ou culturelles, sont défendues comme des éléments constitutifs de l'identité de la Réunion. Cependant, l'identité réunionnaise est représentée dans un processus conflictuel, où les éléments culturels sont hiérarchisés. L'analyse des enjeux de la construction des identités en période postcoloniale montre une inévitable corrélation avec l'organisation de la société coloniale. Les structures de domination, transformées après 1946, corrélées aux effets de la départementalisation et de la mondialisation, entravent la construction d'une identité décomplexée. Dans ce contexte, le discours littéraire devient un moyen de résistance et permet aux subalternes de se réapproprier le discours sur soi et d'apporter une autre version de l'histoire. Cette thèse interroge les enjeux de la construction de l'identité réunionnaise, dans le contexte des mutations sociales et politiques, et en considérant ses conséquences sur les individus. Elle souligne également l'absence de considération du fait colonial et de ses conséquences contemporaines en FranceThis research paper questions the identity claims (territorial and political, individual and collective) in a corpus of engaged speeches. The decision was to work from speeches of progressive parties, engaged novels from the 1970s-1980s, life stories and accounts from “the Children of Creuse”. The analysed texts highlight the construction of a political model of state supervision and blame a process of decolonisation that stifles particularities and stigmatises the Creole identity. The claims focus on empowering the making of political decisions and considering the regional specificities. These local particularities, either geographic, linguistic or cultural, are defended as defining elements of Reunion's identity. However, the Reunionese identity is represented in a conflictual process in which the cultural elements are organised in a hierarchy. The analysis of the issue of the building of identities during the postcolonial era shows an inevitable correlation with the organisation of the colonial society. The structures of domination, transformed after 1946, correlated to the effects of the departmentalisation and globalisation, hinder the construction of an assertive identity. In this context, the literary speech becomes a means of resistance and allows the subordinates to claim the speech back to themselves and bring another version of the history. This thesis questions the concerns of the building of the Reunionese identity in the context of social and political transformations and by considering its consequences on individuals. It also emphasises the absence of consideration of colonialism and its contemporary impacts in France
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Lavrinenko, Petr. "Public-private partnership in the case of huge infrastructure projects. The example of High-Speed Railway Moscow - Kazan." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH070/document.
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Cette thèse analyse les tendances mondiales dans le financement de grands projets d'infrastructure dans le secteur des transports, en identifiant les caractéristiques distinctives du financement dans les pays développés et en développement. Un nouveau mécanisme de financement est proposé dans le contexte de contraintes budgétaires strictes grâce à l'utilisation d'un certain nombre d'effets économiques indirects découlant de l'amélioration de l'accessibilité des différents territoires en matière de transport. Comme le sujet de l'analyse, il y avait un projet de la construction d'un chemin de fer à grande vitesse en Russie Moscou-KazanThis paper analyzes global trends in financing large infrastructure projects in the transport sector, identifying the distinctive features of financing in developed and developing countries. A new financing mechanism is proposed in the context of strict budgetary constraints through the use of a number of indirect economic effects arising from improved transport accessibility of individual territories. As the subject of the analysis, there was a project of the construction of a high-speed railway in Russia Moscow-Kazan
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Duarte, Maria José de Freitas. "Organização de processos de trabalho fonoaudiológicos no contexto hospitalar: uma experiência em hospital privado." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/12012.
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Previous issue date: 2015-04-10This paper analyzes the process organization of speech pathology therapy work in a private general hospital in the city of São Paulo, considering the external evaluations to which this applies systematically and periodically, to be known: National Accreditation Organization (ONA), Joint Commission and Canadian Council on Health Services Accreditation (CCHSA). The research had two complementary objectives: characterize the demand for speech therapy during the years of 2013 and 2014; and to present the workflow and interaction of speech therapy in interdisciplinary hospital health team to attend such demand. The dimensions were not investigated yet by brazilian speech therapy, and it gives a new sense for the study. The text is organized in 4 parts: conceptual introduction, method, results presentation, discussion and conclusion. The first is a panoramic about evaluation and the search for qualification of hospital attention in Brazil; presents the hospital accreditation process, especially those with which the reaserched Hospital voluntarily is committed to; and contextualizes the speech therapy in this universe. Method: the research is described and configured in two times: 1- search and presentation of the workflow and processes built by speech therapy, in partnership with the hospital interdisciplinary team, to take care of evaluated and rehabilitaded patients; 2- search and characterization of the demand attended by speech therapy in 2013 and 2014. The databases of the research were: Hospital Information System (Tasy); registers of speech therapy department; the perception and reading of the researcher (author) because of the experience at referred hospital. Results presentation: due to the essence of speech pathology therapy work at the hospital, we can mention evaluation and rehabilitation of dysphagy, with flow characterization, organization and construction of procedures or operational standard protocols (POPs), validated by Accreditation Agencies and by Hospital Management. Information related to demand are treated as descritive statistics. The workflow is presented in activities´ diagram and/or relationship of speech therapy and other professional sectors and categories at the Hospital. The final part, dedicated to results discussion and research conclusions, indicated potentialities and challenges to speech pathology therapy workflow and processes at the Hospital under external evaluation made by referred agencies
A tese analisa a organização de processos de trabalho fonoaudiológicos em Hospital Geral privado da cidade de São Paulo, considerando as avaliações externas às quais este se submete sistemática e periodicamente, a saber: Organização Nacional de Acreditação (ONA), Joint Commission e Canadian Council on Healt Services Acreditation (CCHSA). A pesquisa teve dois objetivos complementares: caracterizar a demanda atendida pela Fonoaudiologia durante os anos de 2013 e 2014; e apresentar os fluxos de trabalho e de interação da Fonoaudiologia na equipe multiprofissional de saúde do hospital para dar conta de tal demanda. Tais dimensões ainda não foram investigados pela Fonoaudiologia brasileira, o que confere um sentido inédito ao estudo. O texto está organizado em quatro partes: uma introdução conceitual; método; apresentação dos resultados; discussão e conclusões. A parte conceitual faz um panorama sobre a avaliação e a busca pela qualificação da atenção hospitalar no Brasil; apresenta os processos de acreditação hospitalar, em especial aqueles com os quais o Hospital da pesquisa voluntariamente se compromete; e contextualiza a Fonoaudiologia nesse universo. Método: a pesquisa tem natureza descritiva e se configura como um levantamento em dois tempos: 1- levantamento e apresentação dos fluxos e processos de trabalho construídos pela Fonoaudiologia, juntamente com a Equipe Multiprofissional do Hospital, para cuidar dos pacientes avaliados e reabilitados. 2- levantamento e caracterização da demanda atendida pela Fonoaudiologia nos anos de 2013 e 2014. As fontes de dados da pesquisa foram: o sistema de informação do Hospital (Tasy); os registros no departamento de Fonoaudiologia; a percepção e a leitura da pesquisadora (autora da tese) em função da experiência de trabalho no referido Hospital. Apresentação dos Resultados: dada a natureza do trabalho fonoaudiológico no Hospital, destaca-se a avaliação e reabilitação da disfagia, com caracterização dos fluxos, da organização e da construção dos procedimentos e protocolos operacionais padrão (POPs), que são validados pelas Agências Acreditadoras e pela Gestão Hospital. Os dados relativos à demanda atendida são tratados por meio de estatística descritiva. Os fluxos e processos de trabalho são apresentados em diagramas de atividades e/ou relações da Fonoaudiologia com os outros setores e categorias profissionais do Hospital. A parte final, destinado a discussão dos resultados e às conclusões da pesquisa, aponta potencialidades e desafios aos processos de trabalho fonoaudiológicos no Hospital sob a lógica da avaliação externa empreendida pelas referidas Agências Acreditadoras
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Jagadeesan, Harini. "Design and Verification of Privacy and User Re-authentication Systems." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32394.
Full textAbstract:
In the internet age, privacy and security have become major concerns since an increasing number of transactions are made over an unsecured network. Thus there is a greater chance for private data to be misused. Further, insider attacks can result in loss of valuable data. Hence there arises a strong need for continual, non-intrusive, quick user re-authentication. Previously, a number of studies have been conducted on authentication using behavioral attributes. Currently, few successful re-authentication mechanisms are available since they use either the mouse or the keyboard for re-authentication and target particular applications. However, successful re-authentication is still dependent on a large number of factors such as user excitation level, fatigue and using just the keyboard or the mouse does not mitigate these factors successfully.
Both keyboard and mouse contain valuable, hard-to-duplicate information about the userâ s behavior. This can be used for analysis and identification of the current user. We propose an application independent system that uses this information for user re-authentication. This system will authenticate the user continually based on his/her behavioral attributes obtained from both the keyboard and mouse operations. This re-authentication system is simple, continual, non-intrusive and easily deployable. To utilize the mouse and keyboard information for re-authentication, we propose a novel heuristic that uses the percentage of mouse-to-keyboard interaction ratio. This heuristic allows us to extract suitable user-behavioral attributes. The extracted data is compared with an already trained database for user re-authentication.
The accuracy of the system is calculated by the number of correct identifications to total number of identifications. At present, the accuracy of the system is around 96% for application based user re-authentication and around 82% for application independent user re-authentication. We perform black box, white box testing and Spec# verification procedures that prove the robustness of the proposed system. On testing POCKET, a privacy protection software for children, it was found that the security of POCKET was inadequate at the user level. Our system enhances POCKET security at the user level and ensures that the childâ s privacy is protected.
Master of Science
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Ghee, Sarah C. "Exploring the Impact of Speed Mentoring Using Mixed Methods: A Strengths-Based Protege Approach to Increasing African American Adolescents' Racial Private Regard, Academic Self-Efficacy, and Hope for the Future." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1511881915943248.
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Wilkes, Jacob M. "Speaking of Myself: Independence, Self-Representation, and the Speeches of Rudyard Kipling." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2009. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2867.pdf.
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Kessinger, Jonathan A. "Bartnicki V. Vopper : a first amendment "clean hands" exception to electronic interception law." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2001. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/230.
Full textAbstract:
This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Legal Studies
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Requejo, Vega Lorely. "Características del discurso satírico en la construcción de la imagen pública y privada del expresidente Alejandro Toledo Manrique en el programa cómico “El especial del humor”." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655025.
Full textAbstract:
La presente tesis tiene como tema la identificación de las características del discurso satírico en la construcción de la imagen del expresidente Alejandro Toledo Manrique en los sketches presentados en el programa humorístico “El especial del humor”. El objetivo general es analizar los elementos que componen este discurso satírico a partir de la identificación de recursos verbales y no verbales que integraron la narrativa de la puesta en escena. Para tal fin, el método seguido fue el análisis de contenido de los sketches, los cuales fueron publicados vía páginas de YouTube que realizaron una recopilación de los mismos. La selección de las grabaciones respondió a los diferentes escenarios donde Toledo Manrique participó como político y ciudadano común –por ejemplo, en espacios privados como su habitación o un paseo familiar–. Ya en la puesta escena, y para la identificación de los distintos elementos que se incluyeron en la misma, se consideró clave la mención de la caracterización de los personajes, así como las palabras que formaron parte de un lenguaje vulgar e inapropiado, el cual fue expresado por el actor que dio vida a la figura del expresidente. Tras procesar estos componentes de análisis, el principal hallazgo de esta investigación es que elementos como la ridiculización y exageración, que son parte de un discurso satírico, se mezclan con expresiones discriminatorias que podrían desvirtuar el fin reflexivo de la sátira.The subject of this document is to identify characteristics of the satirical discourse in the construction of the image of former president Alejandro Toledo Manrique in the sketches presented in the humorous program “El especial del humor”. The general objective is to analyze the elements that formed part of this satirical discourse from the identification of verbal and non-verbal resources that were included in the narrative of the staging. For this purpose, the method followed was the content analysis of the sketches, which were published through a YouTube pages that made a compilation of them. The selection of the recordings responded to the different scenarios where Toledo Manrique participated as a politician and a common citizen –for example, in private spaces such as his room or a family meeting–. Already in the staging, and for the identification of the different elements that were included in it, two points were considered important: the mention of the characterization of the characters as well as the words that were part of a vulgar and inappropriate language expressed by the actor who played the character of the former president. After processing these analysis components, the main finding of this research is that elements such as ridicule and exaggeration, which are part of a satirical discourse, are mixed with discriminatory expressions that could undermine the reflective purpose of satire.
Tesis
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Valadas, Susana Isabel Fialho. "O discurso e a prática na gestão de recursos humanos: aproximações e divergências." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/23496.
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As mudanças socioeconómicas que se têm observado nos últimos tempos, têm levado as
organizações a procurarem novas formas de Gestão com o propósito de melhorar o seu
desempenho, bem como alcançar resultados e atingir a satisfação das necessidades dos
colaboradores.
A busca de práticas de Gestão de Recursos Humanos, adequadas às transformações da
sociedade, criam vantagens competitivas e exigem às organizações uma reflexão sobre a
gestão das pessoas.
Enquanto o discurso das organizações muda rapidamente, a mudança das práticas
organizacionais ocorre de forma mais lenta em função da sua complexidade (Vasconcelos,
2014).
Ao analisar essa realidade, propomo-nos, através de um estudo sociológico, encontrar
respostas e investigar se realmente existe contradição entre o discurso e a prática, na
GRH. Reconhecer o que está a ser feito, mas essencialmente perceber o porquê dessa
contradição, isto é, reconhecer os processos que estão por trás das práticas de Recursos
Humanos.
A estratégia metodológica, para atingir os objetivos, tem por base o estudo de caso e as
técnicas de recolha de informação foram a entrevista (aos dirigentes) e o questionário (aos
trabalhadores), permitindo em simultâneo uma abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa; Abstract:
“The Discourse and Human Resource Management Practices: Approach and
Differences”
Socio-economic changes that have been observed in recent times, has led organizations
to seek new forms of Management with the purpose of improving their performance, as
well as achieve results and meet the needs of employees.
The search for Human Resources Management practices, appropriate to the
transformation of society, create competitive advantages and require organizations to do
a reflection on the management of people.
While the speech of organizations changes quickly, the change of organizational practices
occurs more slowly in function of his own complexity. (Vasconcelos, 2014).
To analyze this situation, we propose, through a sociological study, find answers and
investigate whether there is contradiction between the speech and the practice, in Human
Resource Management. Recognize what is being done, but essentially understand why is
this a contradiction, I mean, recognize the processes that are behind the Human Resources
Practices.
The methodological strategy, to achieve the objectives, is based on the case study and
information gathering techniques were the interview (to the leaders) and the questionnaire
(to employees), allowing at the same time a quantitative and qualitative approach.
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Walford, Sarah Helen. "Architecture in tension : an examination of the position of the architect in the private and public sectors, focusing on the training and careers of Sir Basil Spence (1907-1976) and Sir Donald Gibson (1908-1991)." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3216/.
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In the early 1900s tensions began to appear within the architectural profession, as private practitioners struggled to deal with the implications of professional colleagues moving into public sector employment. Sir Basil Spence and Sir Donald Gibson began their architectural training in the mid-1920s and, as tensions between the sectors intensified, Spence entered private practice and Gibson chose to enter the public sector. Each became an exemplar of his chosen sector of the profession and yet both have, until recently, escaped critical attention. The tensions between the public and private sectors of the profession have been acknowledged within the historiography, but not received detailed analysis. This thesis advances the current historiography by presenting an examination of the division between the sectors, focusing on the relationship between the RIBA and the public sector union AASTA and assessing the influence of AASTA on Gibson's Coventry City Architect's Department. Through an examination of archival material, contemporary published material, and buildings, this thesis builds on the work of the Sir Basil Spence Archive Project, adding detailed accounts of his early life, architectural training, and RIBA presidency, presenting new information and correcting certain aspects of the accepted historiography. It likewise presents new information on Gibson's early life and training and his central role in achieving improved status and representation for the public sector. An analysis of selected projects provides a comparative study of their contrasting approaches to architecture: the technically informed, collaborative team-work of Gibson and the individual artistry of Spence. Both men played pivotal roles in reforming the RIBA and in changing public and professional perceptions of the architect, nevertheless, the long lineage and complex nature of tensions within the profession meant that the public/private division was never be bridged and issues of status and representation remained essentially immutable.
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Robson, Eleanor Dezateux. "Improvement and environmental conflict in the northern fens, 1560-1665." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/290033.
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This thesis examines 'improvement' of wetland commons in early modern England as a contested process of rapid environmental change. As a flagship project of agrarian improvement, drainage sought to alchemise pastoral fen commons into arable enclosed terra firma and promised manifold benefits for crown, commoners, and commonwealth alike. In practice, however, improvement schemes generated friction between the political and fiscal agendas of governors and projectors and local communities' customary ways of knowing and using wetland commons, provoking the most sustained and violent agrarian unrest of the seventeenth century. This thesis situates the first state-led drainage project in England, in the northern fens of Hatfield Level, in the context of the local politics of custom, national legal and political developments, and international movements of capital, expertise, and refugees; all of which intersected to reshape perceptions and management of English wetlands. Drawing on the analytic perspectives of environmental history, this thesis explores divergent ideas and practices generating conflict over the making of private property, reorganisation of flow, and reconfiguration of lived environments. This thesis argues that different 'environing' practices - both mental and material - distinguished what was seen as an ordered or disordered landscape, determined when and how water was understood as a resource or risk, and demarcated different scales and forms of intervention. Rival visions of the fenscape, ways of knowing land and water, and concepts of value and justice were productive of, and produced by, different practices of management, ownership, and use. Drainage disputes therefore crossed different spheres of discourse and action, spanning parliament, courtroom, and commons to bring improvement into dialogue with fen custom and generate a contentious environmental politics. In seven substantive chapters, this thesis investigates how improvement was imagined, legitimised, and enacted; how fen communities experienced and navigated rapid environmental transformation; and how political, social, and spatial boundaries were reforged in the process. By grounding improvement in the early modern fenscape, this thesis reintegrates agency into accounts of inexorable socio-economic change, illuminates ideas at work in social contexts, and deepens understandings of environmental conflict.
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Campos, Espadin Robinson Victor Hugo. "El discurso alegórico aplicado a la autoconstrucción del espacio público y privado en la comunicación de marcas: El caso de la categoría de cementos para progresistas en Lima desde el año 2015." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625994.
Full textAbstract:
La presente investigación consiste en conocer cómo el uso de la alegoría en discursos publicitarios de autoconstrucción de espacios públicos y privados incide en la identificación del público objetivo con una marca. Para ello, se empleará una revisión bibliográfica de los conceptos de autoconstrucción, discurso publicitario, alegoría e identificación de marca. Luego se utilizará un caso de estudio de la marca Cemento Sol y se llevará a cabo una investigación en base a entrevistas de profundidad, mediante un cuestionario que explora la percepción e identificación acerca del comercial, de manera que permita hallar una respuesta a la pregunta de investigación.The present investigation consists of knowing how the use of the allegory in advertising discourses of self-construction of public and private spaces affects the identification of the target audience with a brand. For this, a bibliographic review of the concepts of self-construction, advertising discourse, allegory and brand identification will be used. Then a case study of the Cemento Sol brand will be used and an investigation will be carried out based on in-depth interviews, through a questionnaire that explores the perception and identification of the commercial, in order to find an answer to the question of investigation.
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Emane, Meyo Martin. "La norme facultative." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE0003/document.
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La « norme facultative » n’est pas reconnue en droit. Pourtant, elle renvoie à un phénomène singulierauquel les juristes se trouvent de plus en plus confrontés. Celui-ci est porteur de normes non obligatoires, enmarge des instruments juridiques traditionnels. Ces normes ont en commun une mise en œuvre tributaired’un consentement préalable de leurs destinataires, ce qui signifie qu’elles sont laissées à leur libredisposition et qu’ils peuvent les utiliser entièrement ou seulement en partie, selon leur convenance.Facultatives, elles supposent la reconnaissance d’une normativité distincte de l’obligatoriété et del’impérativité. Elles tirent leur caractère normatif du fait qu’elles constituent à la fois des actes de langageayant force illocutoire et des modèles pour agir.En raison de leur originalité, leur intégration en droit est susceptible d’entraîner des bouleversementsdans la théorie des normes. En effet, la reconnaissance de la norme facultative conduit à s’interroger sur laplace du facultatif au sein des catégories de contenus normatifs. À côté des contenus normatifs classiquesconçus à partir de l’obligation, à savoir le prescriptif, le prohibitif et le permissif, le « facultatif » désigne unautre contenu normatif correspondant aux normes de faculté tournées vers le « normativement souhaitable ».Ces normes sont porteuses d’une faculté de choisir, autrement dit, une opportunité normative ouverte audestinataire et demandant à être saisie. Une fois qu’elles ont fait l’objet d’une adhésion, elles s’introduisentdans un « lien normatif»The « voluntary norm » is not recognized in law. Yet, it refers to a peculiar phenomenon that juristshave increasingly to deal with. It is associated with noncompulsory norms, outside the traditional legal tools.These norms share a tributary implementation of a prior agreement from their recipients, which means theycan freely dispose of them and use them fully or partly, at their convenience.Being voluntary, the norms involve the recognition of a normativity distinct from the bindingnessand imperativity. They draw their standards-relative feature from the fact that they establish bothillocutionary speech acts and patterns to operate.As a result of their originality, their incorporation into law is likely to cause some changes in thetheory of norms. Indeed, the recognition of the voluntary norm leads to question the position of the voluntaryfeature within the categories of standards-relative contents. Besides the classical standards-relative contentsbuilt upon what is compulsory, that is the prescriptiveness, prohibitiveness and permissiveness, the“voluntaryness” refers to another standards-relative content which corresponds to the voluntary normsfocused on what is normatively desirable. These standards include the capacity of choice, in other words, astandards-relative opportunity opened to the recipient and asking to be seized. And once they obtain anadhesion, they get into a “standards-relative bond”
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Gold, Daniel. "Lobbying Regulation in Canada and the United States: Political Influence, Democratic Norms and Charter Rights." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40908.
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Lobbying should be strictly regulated – that is the major finding of this thesis. The thesis presents many reasons to enact stricter regulations. The principle one being that, as lightly regulated as it is, lobbying is corroding democracy in both Canada and the United States.
The thesis opens with a deep investigation of how lobbying works in both countries. There are examples taken from the literature, as well as original qualitative interviews of Canadian lobbyists, former politicians, and officials. Together, these make it clear that there is an intimate relationship between lobbying and campaign financing. The link between the two is sufficiently tight that lobbying and campaign financing should be considered mirrors of each other for the purposes of regulatory design and constitutional jurisprudence. They both have large impacts on government decision-making. Left lightly regulated, lobbying and campaign financing erode the processes of democracy, damage policy-making, and feed an inequality spiral into plutocracy. These have become major challenges of our time.
The thesis examines the lobbying regulations currently in place. It finds the regulatory systems of both countries wanting. Since stricter regulation is required to protect democracy and equality, the thesis considers what constitutional constraints, if any, would stand in the way. This, primarily, is a study of how proposed stronger lobbying regulations would interact with the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, s. 2 (free expression and association rights) and s. 3 (democratic rights). The principal findings are that legislation which restricted lobbying as proposed would probably be upheld by the Canadian court, but struck down by the American court, due to differences in their constitutional jurisprudence. The thesis contends that robust lobbying regulations would align with Canadian Charter values, provide benefits to democracy, improve government decision-making, increase equality, and create more room for citizen voices.
The thesis concludes with a set of proposed principles for lobbying reform and an evaluation of two specific reforms: limits on business lobbying and funding for citizen groups. Although the thesis focuses on Canadian and American lobbying regulations, its lessons are broadly applicable to any jurisdiction that is considering regulating lobbying.
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Cunningham, Linda. "Private speech and task improvement." Diss., 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/30928643.html.
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chang, shiu yein, and 張琇雁. "Private Speech Development in Autistic Spectrum Disorders." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39515031509864489075.
Full textAbstract:
碩士輔仁大學
臨床心理學系碩士班
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This study investigated private speech development in Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD). The phenomenon that a child talks to himself is called private speech, defined by Vygotsky. Private speech plays a supplementary role in helping children during the interpersonal process. With the use of private speech, children internalize external knowledge as their own cognitive abilities and problem-solving strategies. Although previous studies have confirmed the Vygotsky’s claim that the inverted U-shaped developmental trend can be found in typically developing children, whether this phenomenon can also be observed in ASD children is still uncertain. In this study, ASD children’s private speech was observed and their language abilities were measured in order to clarify the correlation between them. This study recruited a total of 30 children with ASD with 29 participants completing the tasks (26 male, 3 female; chronological age ranged from 7 years 3 months to 13 years 4 months (M = 9.34 years, S.D. = 1.65)). The result indicates that no clearly increasing developmental trend of unclassified private speech is evident in the ASD children. However, it was shown that mean utterances per minute of both task-relevant and task-irrelevant private speech increased as a function of language abilities. Unlike typically developing children, the ASD children have shown variation in private speech; the better their language abilities, the greater the private speech variation among individuals. This finding might be due to non-parallel developmental trajectories of ASD children's language and cognitive ability, which in turn could cause difficulty in controlling for task difficulty for each single individual. As it has been shown that task difficulty affects private speech behaviors, one might need to control both language ability and individually tailored task difficulty in order to perform a purer observation of private speech development in ASD children.