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1
Resta, G. "Systematic government access to private-sector data in Italy." International Data Privacy Law 4, no. 1 (December 18, 2013): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/idpl/ipt029.
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Brunetto, Yvonne, Mathew Xerri, Elisabetta Trinchero, Rod Farr-Wharton, Kate Shacklock, and Elio Borgonovi. "Public–Private Sector Comparisons of Nurses’ Work Harassment Using Set: Italy and Australia." Public Management Review 18, no. 10 (December 8, 2015): 1479–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2015.1114136.
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Grillini, Giulia, Giovanna Sacchi, Lisa Chase, Jacqui Taylor, Christelle C. Van Zyl, Peet Van Der Merwe, Thomas Streifeneder, and Christian Fischer. "Qualitative Assessment of Agritourism Development Support Schemes in Italy, the USA and South Africa." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (June 29, 2022): 7903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137903.
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Agritourism has grown rapidly in many countries worldwide. However, for all this success, little is known about the concrete implementation, actual extent, and effectiveness of public and private agritourism support measures aimed at keeping up farming and promoting agritourism. Hence, the objective of this study is to provide an overview and a comparison of agritourism supports and policies in different countries. To this purpose, specific political, legal, financial, and promotional instruments for agritourism have been investigated. The focus is on three countries with strong agritourism sectors and different socio-cultural characteristics: Italy, the USA, and South Africa. The analysis of these case study areas is motivated by examination of agritourism from different continents with a diverging status of development as well as history. Italy and the USA are two countries with well-established and successful agritourism sectors; however, these are based on very different framework conditions, resulting in specific development paths and various supportive driving factors. South Africa has been included as a representative case study of a developing country where agritourism operations are growing rapidly through the support of an active private sector association. By assessing commonalities and differences in public and private support backgrounds in three different continents, the present study represents the first exploratory attempt to understand the influences of public and private national and regional framework conditions for agritourism development. Our findings suggest that both public and private supports contribute to success; however, clear criteria and further research are needed in order to fully understand the implications.
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McCann, Dermot. "The ‘Anglo-American’ model, privatization and the transformation of private capitalism in Italy." Modern Italy 5, no. 1 (May 2000): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532940050003032.
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SummaryItalian capitalism has long been distinguished by the large size of the public enterprise sector and the power of large family firms, underpinned by powerful networks of inter-firm alliance orchestrated by the merchant bank, Mediobanca. This article seeks to analyse the extent to which the current programme of privatization is serving not only to shrink the size of, but to transform the structure of, power in the private sector. While some reformers have seen in privatization an instrument to encourage the adoption of Anglo-Saxon forms of corporate governance in Italy, it is argued here that the evidence of recent changes indicates the emergence of a more differentiated pattern of corporate governance rather than the triumph of any single model.
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Santucci, Fabio Maria. "The Diversification of Agriculture in Italy: Agritourism and Organic Management." International Business & Economics Studies 3, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): p29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ibes.v3n1p29.
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During the last 70 years, since the end of WW II, Italian agriculture has increased its productivity but, despite the national and European financial support to the primary sector, millions of farms have closed their operations, millions of hectares have been abandoned, and millions of farmers have emigrated to towns and abroad. Rural desertification has been aggravated by the closures of public offices and private businesses. Against this grim scenario, this paper illustrates, with the most recent available data, the evolution and growth of two sub-sectors, organic farming and agritourism. Both sub-sectors were initially contrasted and the first farmers adopting these strategies have encountered problems and obstacles, they were fined, and sometimes had to close their operations. In both cases, the pioneers resisted, organized themselves, and—thanks also to the support of consumers and some scientists, were able to lobby local, national, and European law makers for appropriate legislation. The first part of the article contains the data about the evolution and distribution of agritourism and organic farms, while the second part compares several aspects of the two sub-sectors.
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Gashi, Ljuan Marko, Zeljko Pozega, and Boris Crnkovic. "A Cross-Sectoral Study of Value Profiles and Differences between Employees in Private and Public Sector in South East Europe." South East European Journal of Economics and Business 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jeb-2017-0013.
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Abstract This study of cultures across 6 countries (7 regions) shows that each region has its own specificity and its own unique employee value profile. Value profiles have been explored as a potential diagnostic tool on the basis of Hofstede’s value dimensions in the service of human resource development at the local level. The resulting employee value profiles are based on a representative sample of employees in the private and public sectors. Significant similarity in value profiles have been found for employees from Croatia and Serbia compared to Romania, Hungary, Slovenia and Italy, both in the public and private sector. The research results suggest the direction that managers and policymakers need to take in order to understand what employees’ values are, how they can be used, and how to address the challenges of human resource development in their region.
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Mikroulea, Alexandra P. "Competition between public and private undertakings." Zeitschrift für Wettbewerbsrecht 13, no. 3 (September 10, 2015): 265–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15375/zwer-2015-0305.
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AbstractAn undistorted competition regime can only be achieved on the condition of equality of opportunity among different businesses. The neutrality principle must be also applicable in favor of public sector undertakings according to OFT study dated 2010 and OECD study 2012. In comparative analysis with other member states (Italy and Spain) and Australia the relevant legislations provide the Competition Agencies and the Governments power to ensure and protect the neutrality principle. World Trade Organization is the new forum for international regulation of public restraints? It is a question to be answered. A “soft” solution (soft law), either in the framework of the International Competition Network (ICN) or in the framework of OECD or of the UNCTAD seems realistic. Perhaps more effective seems to be the cultivation of a competition culture (competition advocacy). In competition law, “second best” solutions constitute the reply to the problem.
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Cacchiarelli, Luca, and Alessandro Sorrentino. "Pricing Strategies in the Italian Retail Sector: The Case of Pasta." Social Sciences 8, no. 4 (April 4, 2019): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8040113.
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In the last years, Italian food retailing has experienced some developments related to rising concentration levels, heterogeneous distribution along the country of the different outlet categories, and an increase of products sold as private brand labels. In the Italian agro-food industry, pasta represents a strategic product, since Italy has the peculiarity of being, at the same time, the main producer and consumer of pasta. A useful way to investigate food retailers’ behavior and strategies is to derive a measure of price rigidity, through a “frequency approach”, which permits computation of both regular prices and price promotions, and the frequency and the magnitude of price increases and decreases. We employ such methodology in order to evaluate retailers’ strategies in the Italian pasta market in terms of price rigidity and price promotions according to brand categories (Italian pasta brands versus private label brands) and regional areas for the period 2011–2013. The results show that retailers’ strategies for national pasta brands, in terms of price rigidity and price promotions, are completely different with respect to private label brands. Among the various national pasta brands, retailers adopt different strategies by, in various regional cases, employing the tool of price promotion rather than intervening with regular price changes.
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FERRARI, IRENE. "The effectiveness of incentives to postpone retirement: evidence from Italy." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 18, no. 2 (December 14, 2017): 220–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747217000452.
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AbstractThis paper investigates whether financial incentives may be used as an effective device to induce workers to postpone retirement by evaluating the Italian so-called ‘super-bonus’ reform. The bonus consisted of economic incentives given for a limited period to private sector workers who had reached the requirements for seniority pension but who chose to postpone retirement. Using data from the Bank of Italy Survey on Household Income and Wealth, this paper assesses the effect of the bonus on the decision to postpone retirement, by comparing private and public workers before and after the reform. Results suggest a 30% reduction in seniority retirement probability, despite the fact that, when changes in social security wealth are taken into account, the bonus actually provided a negative incentive for most workers. Results also suggest that the effect of the reform was driven by low-income workers. Some evidence is presented showing that liquidity constraints and financial (il)literacy may help to interpret these results.
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Naticchioni, Paolo, and Andrea Ricci. "Investire nello studio: evoluzione dei rendimenti salariali dell'istruzione in Italia." QA Rivista dell'Associazione Rossi-Doria, no. 4 (December 2009): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/qu2009-004001.
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- In this paper we analyze the evolution of Educational wage premia (Ewp) in the Italian private sector. Drawing upon the Household income and wealth survey (Bank of Italy) we show that Ewp showed a general decrease between 1993 and 2004, at all quantiles of the wage distribution. Our findings do not depend on the type of educational attainments. A number of robustness checks and various econometric specifications are also applied in order to address matters of sample selection. Thus Italy is situated as an outlier among the Oecd countries, where the Ewp have generally increased over the last few decades.
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Lupo, Giampiero, and Davide Carnevali. "Smart Justice in Italy: Cases of Apps Created by Lawyers for Lawyers and Beyond." Laws 11, no. 3 (June 19, 2022): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/laws11030051.
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The smart city literature states that three levels of institutional layers (regulatory, normative, and cognitive) and four typologies of actors (government, universities, citizens, and the private sector) support private initiative for developing smart technologies. Focusing on the emergent phenomenon of smart apps ideated by lawyers’ private initiatives, this paper acknowledges that other factors, including the ubiquity of mobile technologies and the absence of effective public services provided by public institutions, contribute to the institutional and organizational humus necessary for the creation of intelligent technological proposals. In the light of the organizational theory framework, and based on the analysis of the literature on smart cities and e-justice and on the empirical investigation of two Italian lawyers’ apps (Collega and Anthea), this paper identifies the institutional, organizational, and technological conditions under which smart technologies are being developed in high-regulated public institutions’ contexts as justice systems. The findings of the study described in this paper help integrate the contribution of the literature on the topic.
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Buzelli, Maria Luisa, and Tammy Boyce. "The Privatization of the Italian National Health System and its Impact on Health Emergency Preparedness and Response: The COVID-19 Case." International Journal of Health Services 51, no. 4 (June 14, 2021): 501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00207314211024900.
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Hospitals play a critical role in providing essential care during emergencies; however, this essential care can overwhelm the functional capacity of health systems. In Italy, substantial cuts in funding have drastically reduced the resources of the National Health Service (NHS) and contributed to the expansion of the private health sector which, unlike the public health system, does not have the capacity to deal with a health emergency such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of this article is to show how the privatization of the NHS contributed to making Italy more vulnerable and unprepared to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic. The available capacity and resources in the public and private emergency services systems in Italy are compared, including a focus on the numbers of hospital staff, hospitals, and hospital beds. The reduced funding and subsequent shortfalls in services in the NHS are reasons why extreme measures were needed to increase these resources during the COVID-19 pandemic. A public NHS in Italy would be better prepared for future health emergencies. The lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic can help to inform future health systems strategies, to halt the current financial decline and performance loss of national health systems, and to enable better preparation for future health emergencies.
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Puhovska, Liudmyla, and Snizhana Leu-Severynenko. "EU AND UKRAINIAN INNOVATIVE EXPERIENCE IN EDUCATION: THE ORIENTATION POINT FOR VET OF UKRAINE." Education: Modern Discourses, no. 3 (December 25, 2020): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37472/2617-3107-2020-3-04.
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The article analyses the EU policy for innovations in the sector of vocational education and training (VET). It reveals the activity results of the European network “Innovations in vocational education and training” leading by the European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (Cedefop). The paper identifies main development directions in VET systems and reviews its best practices of the EU countries based on the analysis of the experience of Campus of Occupations and Qualifications (France), Centre for Management, Training and Employment of Youth (Italy) and Centres of (Vocational) Excellence (Great Britain). Additionally, the following research covers some best practices in public and private educational sectors of Ukraine e.g. two university-based models of innovations eco-system realised via innovation hubs and startup schools, STEM-centres and Fabrication Laboratories. Therefore, the main ideas of positive European experience are identified being the valuable tool for developing the modern policy for innovations and VET in Ukraine. The identified local practices in education sector can be adapted to the capacity and needs of VET sector after additional and more detailed study.
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Fregonara, Elena, Diego Giuseppe Ferrando, and Jean-Marc Tulliani. "Sustainable Public Procurement in the Building Construction Sector." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 16, 2022): 11616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811616.
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Considering that in the E.U. public procurement in the construction sector is highly represented, the Directive 2014/24/EU is implemented for harmonizing procurement processes across European countries. The Directive is transposed in Italy, through the Sustainable Public Procurement (SPP) national action plan, for supporting public procurement and public–private partnership (PPP) interventions. SPP is founded on two pillars: according to an economic viewpoint, the financial efficiency is the key aspect to verify, and, according to a sustainability viewpoint, externalities are a key element in the environmental evaluation, despite the fact that their monetary quantification into the global cost calculation is quite complex. Thus, this work aims to explore a methodology for the joint evaluation of economic–environmental sustainability of project options, in the tender evaluation phase of the SPP. The methodology is based on the life cycle costing (LCC) and CO2 emissions joint assessment, including criteria weighting and uncertainty components. Two alternative technologies—a timber and an aluminum window frame—are assumed as a case for a simulation, implemented with the software “Smart SPP LCC-CO2 Tool” (developed through the research “Smart SPP—Innovation through sustainable procurement”, supported by Intelligent Energy Europe). The simulation demonstrates that the methodology is a fast and effective modality for selecting alternative options, introducing sustainability in the decision-making process. The work is a contribution to the growing literature on the topic, and for giving support to subjects (public authorities and private operators) involved in public procurement processes/PPP interventions.
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Morena, Marzia, Tommaso Truppi, Verdiana Ierecitano, and Gianluca Lorusso. "New perspectives in the Italian property market: the funeral sector." Property Management 37, no. 4 (August 19, 2019): 579–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pm-07-2018-0042.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate a particular type of property market, that of funeral homes, of which little is known, despite the fact that it is an expanding market, reflecting a social and cultural change in Italy. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative analysis of the funeral property market was carried out. Information and data were collected from funeral companies, with reference to their market strategy, and from institutional investors, in order to gauge their knowledge of that specific sector and their willingness to invest in this specific property type. The instruments used were questionnaires, telephone interviews and on-site visits. Findings The results of this study suggest that Italian funeral companies identified a new property market, responding to the demands of a changing social context, especially in Northern Italy. Limited experience in the management of this asset and the lack of a clear and uniform legislative regulation at the national level appear to be among the main difficulties. From the investors’ point of view, the main problems in investing in this property were the lack of adequate knowledge in the sector and moral qualms about the specific type of assets. Research limitations/implications The small sample restricts generalization beyond the companies that participated in the research. Furthermore, the research only focused on the private sector related to niche market strategy and property investments. Practical implications The paper could raise awareness of a specific and not well-known property market among the real estate operators. Originality/value The originality of the analysis lies in investigating a relevant phenomenon from the social point of view that has been little or not at all addressed from the point of view of real estate, particularly in Italy.
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Fejzulla, Pano Enkeleda. "Increasing Youth Employability in Albania by Enhancing Skills through Vocational Education." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 7, no. 2 (April 15, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/685lur76k.
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Since the 1990s, Albania has experienced structural changes in education and the labour market as a result of increased globalization, the trend toward deindustrialization, and the increasing outflow of foreign direct investment, particularly from European countries such as Italy, Greece, and Turkey. Youth unemployment has increased drastically due to the transition of the economy from agricultural and public sector sectors into open market economy. This article through in-depth literature review aim to analyse the various variables and causes of youth unemployment, to analyse also the vocational education and training framework in Albania. Three research questions were raised: What are the factors that have contributed to the youth unemployment in Albania? What technical skills required the labour market in Albania? Can vocation education system in Albania enhance skills required by the labour market? This article suggests some discussions on how to increase youth employment by knowing what skills the labour market request especially in private sector and how we can improve them through vocational education and training.
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Ricciuti, Elisa, and Alex Turrini. "Foundations in Italy: What Roles and Challenges?" American Behavioral Scientist 62, no. 13 (May 8, 2018): 1822–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764218773435.
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This article aims at giving a portrait of Italian philanthropic organizations, highlighting strengths, weaknesses, and challenges that philanthropy is facing in Italy compared with Germany and the United States. The article underlines the extreme variety of the philanthropic sector and suggests that Italian foundations still do not exist as a homogeneous group. Rather, as subgroups, some of them have a sort of strong institutional identity (i.e., foundations of banking origin), while others seem to behave very independently and are less open not only to public oversight but also to communication and peer collaboration (i.e., family foundations, private independent foundations). Moreover, the article suggests that the Italian foundation landscape is experiencing a transition toward new institutional regimes, which will be speeded by the capacity of gaining legitimacy and acting as a more unitary group. Opportunities for growth and access to new resources will be possible only if Italian foundations will proactively contribute to the reconfiguration of welfare systems.
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DELL'ARINGA, CARLO, CLAUDIO LUCIFORA, and FEDERICA ORIGO. "PUBLIC SECTOR PAY AND REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS. A FIRST LOOK AT REGIONAL PUBLIC?PRIVATE WAGE DIFFERENTIALS IN ITALY." Manchester School 75, no. 4 (July 2007): 445–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9957.2007.01025.x.
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Brunetto, Yvonne, Matthew Xerri, Elisabetta Trinchero, Rona Beattie, Kate Shacklock, Rod Farr-Wharton, and Elio Borgonovi. "Comparing the impact of management on public and private sector nurses in the UK, Italy, and Australia." Public Management Review 20, no. 4 (April 7, 2017): 525–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2017.1309100.
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Todua, Veronika A., and Danila S. Belnitsky. "Features of the formation of logistics centers in Germany and Italy." Transportation Systems and Technology 6, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst20206461-72.
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The paper discusses the features of building a pan-European transport and logistics system on the example of the formation of logistics centers in Germany and Italy. It describes the main goals of creating and operating logistics centers, features of geographical location, the role of the state and the private sector at the stages of planning, implementation and operation, sources of funding, and discusses issues of legal regulation of logistics centers. The authors of the article suggest one of the possible directions for the development of logistics centers, which Russia can adhere to, based on the experience of European countries with positive results in the formation of a network of logistics centers.
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Bresciani, Stefano, Elisa Giacosa, Laura Broccardo, and Francesca Culasso. "The family variable in the French and Italian wine sector." EuroMed Journal of Business 11, no. 1 (May 3, 2016): 101–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/emjb-03-2015-0012.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to highlight the differences in terms of economic and financial performance, between family firms (FFs) and non-family firms (NFFs) in the wine sector in Italy and France, where this sector is one of the most representative national economic activities. Design/methodology/approach – This study is based on a sample of Italian and France companies operating in the wine sector. The sample, including medium and large firms, includes 288 FFs and 302 NFFs, for a total of 590 firms. Amadeus database represents the data source. According to Astrachan and Kolenko (1994), a firm is classified as a FF if family had to own over 50 per cent of the business in a private company or more than 10 per cent of a public company. Findings – This study confirms that the family variable is relevant to achieve good economic and financial performance, and endow firms with different features. In terms of economic performance, FFs both in Italy and France outperform in. terms of return on equity and return on assets, though only Italian NFFs outperform in earnings before interest and taxes. In terms of financial performance, both in Italy and France NFFs outperform FFs in current ratio and liquidity ratio, while FFs outperform in solvency ratio. Research limitations/implications – Limitations of the study concern the method adopted, as it could be integrated with some econometrical models. The implications of the paper are relevant for families and regulatory bodies because it helps them to better understand the effects of governance on economic and financial performance. Moreover, the findings of the study can influence the decision-making process of investors in order to identify the long-term outperformers listed on a stock exchange. Originality/value – This study contributes to the literature on family businesses phenomenon on wine sector, which represents one of the most representative of the economy of several countries and in which family businesses are widespread.
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Argento, Daniela, Giuseppe Grossi, and Anna Thomasson. "Governance and control of externalized water service management: Comparing solutions adopted in Italy and Sweden." Corporate Ownership and Control 8, no. 3 (2011): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv8i3c1p2.
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In this paper the challenges imposed on corporate governance of water services in Italy and Sweden are analyzed and compared. From the comparative analysis we notice that with externalization of services ore stakeholders become involved in the provision of the services. These stakeholders have common as well as divergent interests and the challenges thus become to find an alignment of interest among stakeholders in order to secure a sustainable provision of the services. The comparative analysis indicates that such lignment is especially difficult when stakeholders have heterogenous background (public and private sector).
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Nicita, Antonio, and Riccardo Vannini. "Path-dependency and corporate governance in Italy: The political origins of debt financing." Corporate Ownership and Control 4, no. 4 (2007): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv4i4c4p8.
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In this paper we investigate the emergence and the co-evolution of institutional complementarities between debt and equity as alternative financial instruments in the case of Italy. We focus on the evolution of Italian firms (related to the benchmark years from 1952 to 1991). Through the data collected we observed the collaterals that firms were able to transfer to loan institutes. We also examined the factors which made difficult to switch to equity financing, comparing the rate of profitability of Italian firms with alternative investments. The results show a financial structure for Italian firms that rely exclusively on debt, independently of the public or private nature of firms’ property and of the economic sector. This anomaly seems to be the consequence of path-dependencies between “political origins” and firm’s governance structure in Italy.
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Antonelli, Valerio, Raffaele D'Alessio, and Emanuela Mattia Cafaro. "Auditing Practices from a Historical Perspective: The Case Study of an Italian Railroad Company in the Mid-19th Century." Accounting Historians Journal 44, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/aahj-10515.
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ABSTRACT From a historic perspective, the origin and evolution of auditing in the private sector is extremely interesting, especially in regard to 19th-century railroad companies. This paper concerns the auditing practices of the Leopolda Railroad Company, which operated in the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Italy (1841–1860). Through the use of mainly primary sources, we describe how auditors were selected and hired; their procedures, recommendations, and meetings; and the contents of their reports. This paper makes three contributions to the international literature in accounting history: (1) it is the first paper to present the history of auditing practices in Italy, (2) it broadens literature on external and internal audits in railroad companies, and (3) it supports the assumptions made by many accounting historians about the origin of auditing in industrial capitalism.
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Glucksmann, Miriam, and Dawn Lyon. "Configurations of Care Work: Paid and Unpaid Elder Care in Italy and the Netherlands." Sociological Research Online 11, no. 2 (July 2006): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.1398.
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Most current sociological approaches to work recognise that the same activity may be undertaken within a variety of socio-economic forms - formal or informal, linked with the private market, public state or not-for-profit sectors. This article takes care of the elderly as an exemplary case for probing some of the linkages between paid and unpaid work. We attempt to unravel the interconnections between forms of care work undertaken in different socio-economic conditions in two settings, the Netherlands and Italy. The research is part of a broader programme concerned with differing interconnections and overlaps between work activities. In this article, we are concerned with: 1) how paid and unpaid care work map on to four ‘institutional’ modes of provision - by the state, family, market, and voluntary sector; and 2) with the configurations that emerge from the combination of different forms of paid and unpaid work undertaken through the different institutions. Despite the centrality of family-based informal care by women in both countries, we argue that the overall configurations of care are in fact quite distinct. In the Netherlands, state-funded care services operate to shape and anchor the centrality of family as the main provider. In this configuration, unpaid familial labour is sustained by voluntary sector state-funded provision. In Italy, by contrast, there is significant recourse to informal market-based services in the form of individual migrant carers, in a context of limited public provision. In this configuration, the state indirectly supports market solutions, sustaining the continuity of family care as an ideal and as a practice.
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Vecchi, Veronica, Francesca Casalini, Niccolò Cusumano, and Velia Maria Leone. "PPP in Health Care—Trending Toward a Light Model: Evidence From Italy." Public Works Management & Policy 25, no. 3 (April 22, 2020): 244–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087724x20913297.
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Italy, as many other countries, adopted the design–build–finance–maintain (DBFMO) Anglo-Saxon model to build new hospitals. This model proved to be rigid, nontransparent, nonvalue for money, and unaffordable. The aim of this article is to analyze the main drawbacks of the traditional DBFMO public–private partnerships (PPP) contract applied to the health care sector, by referring to the Italian experience, and to discuss the evolutions, conceived through an inductive/deductive approach, conducted in a context of deep collaboration between academia, health care authorities, and market players to make PPP contracts more value for money, flexible, and affordable. The article provides also an example of the role of academia in closing the rigor–practice gap by supporting and facilitating an institutional change.
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Pereko, Dawn Dineo, Martie S. Lubbe, and Sabiha Y. Essack. "Surveillance of antibiotic use in the private sector in Namibia using sales and claims data." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 10, no. 11 (November 24, 2016): 1243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.7329.
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Introduction: Antibiotics are among the most commonly used therapeutic agents for humans globally, and their use has been associated with the development of resistance. The objective of this study was to identify sources for quantifying antibiotic usage patterns and to assess such use in ambulatory patients in the private health sector of Namibia. Methodology: A retrospective analysis of prescription claims data and sales data for the period 2008 to 2011 was conducted. Antibiotic use was expressed in the number of antibiotic-containing prescriptions and volume of units sold and then standardized using defined daily dose per 1,000 inhabitants per day. Results: Antibiotic usage was highest in females (53%), in people 18–45 years of age (41%), and in Windhoek (34%). Overall, wholesale data showed higher antibiotic use than prescription claims data. However, both sources showed similar patterns of antibiotic use. Penicillins were the most used pharmacological group, with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid combination being the most used of the agents. Conclusion: Antibiotic use in the private sector of Namibia is comparable to that of high-consuming European countries such as Italy. A trend observed in this study was the decrease in the use of narrow-spectrum antibiotics in favour of broad-spectrum and newer antibiotics. Since this was the first study to assess antibiotic use in the private sector of Namibia, it could serve as a starting point for continued monitoring of antibiotic use in the whole of Namibia in the context of the World Health Organization’s Global Action Plan to contain antibiotic resistance.
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De Salvia, Domenico, and Angelo Barbato. "Recent Trends in Mental Health Services in Italy: An Analysis of National and Local Data." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 38, no. 3 (April 1993): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379303800308.
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This paper reviews trends in Italian mental health services after the implementation of the 1978 Mental Health Act. Data available at the national level on public and private inpatient services, community mental health centres, residential and day care facilities are presented and discussed. Findings from two case-register areas, where comprehensive community services according to the Mental Health Act have been implemented, are discussed. Public mental hospitals are no longer used for psychiatric treatment, except for a small number of long stay patients. General hospital psychiatric units are the only setting in the public sector where psychiatric patients can be admitted. In private mental hospitals, the number of residents has decreased, while admissions have remained stable. However, community services are unevenly distributed and residential facilities are generally lacking. Little is known about quality of care provided, although data from some pilot studies are encouraging. Stable admission rates to forensic mental hospitals suggest that the criminalization of mentally ill has not increased. The effect of changing patterns of mental health care on suicide rates are discussed.
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Patarnello, Francesca, Emiliano Briante, and Federico Villa. "Value generated by the multiplier effect of investments by the pharmaceutical industry in Italy: proposals to promote competitiveness and attractiveness." Global & Regional Health Technology Assessment 9 (October 5, 2022): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33393/grhta.2022.2440.
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Pharmaceutical industry investments in Italy must be supported with a reform process that promotes simplifications to generate an attractive ecosystem that can enhance innovation. Key actions include facilitating the start-up of clinical trials, promoting public-private partnerships to support technology transfer, integrating data infrastructures to overcome the logic of silos, expanding programs for prevention and early identification of diseases, simultaneous reimbursement for therapy and diagnostic testing, and launching a structural program for early access to therapies. The total contribution of the sector in the last 10 years to the Italian economy was € 315 bn. Looking at employment (67 thousand people employed in the sector in 2020), it is possible to estimate about 280 thousand jobs activated in Italy just in 2020. An Altems study quantified a leverage effect of 2.77 in terms of benefits to the Italian NHS from direct investment in clinical research, which means that for every € 1 invested by companies in clinical trials, € 1.77 of additional savings were generated for the NHS. Applying the multiplier on R&D investments of the entire pharmaceutical sector in 2020 (€ 1.6 bn), we could estimate approximately € 4.4 bn in benefits for the NHS. In addition to these benefits there are the noneconomic benefits of clinical research, including early access for patients to innovative therapies, resulting in improved clinical outcomes and quality of life for patients and caregivers in general.
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Chiaruttini, Maria Stella. "Woe to the vanquished? State, ‘foreign’ banking and financial development in Southern Italy in the nineteenth century." Financial History Review 27, no. 3 (December 2020): 340–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565020000220.
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After Southern Italy became part of a new, national state in 1860, its financial sector was radically transformed under Piedmontese influence. This article challenges the conventional wisdom that the aggressive penetration of a Northern credit institution, the future Bank of Italy, into the South following unification harmed the local banking system and highlights instead its transformative role in modernising and deepening regional credit markets. On the basis of new statistics, banking and political records, this contribution shows that the introduction of ‘foreign’ banking from Northern Italy under the auspices of a national, constitutional government resulted in a financial revolution and a democratisation of credit supply to the advantage of the whole South. Public banking under the Bourbons had privileged the needs of an absolute government over those of the private economy and of the capital city over those of the rest of the country, retarding financial development. Credit undersupply and regional fragmentation could only be overcome through the integration of the South within a larger Italian market, in which, however, the lion's share went to a predominantly Northern institution.
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Rossi, Matteo, Giuseppe Festa, and Ardi Gunardi. "THE EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN A COMPARISON BETWEEN EUROPE AND ITALY: SOME PERSPECTIVES FOR THE ENERGY SECTOR." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 9, no. 3 (May 1, 2019): 388–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.7815.
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Pizza, Giovanni. "Beyond Hegemony: An Anthropological Approach to the Study of the covid-19 Pandemic." Notebooks: The Journal for Studies on Power 1, no. 1 (December 6, 2021): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26667185-01010011.
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Abstract Starting from a Gramscian perspective, this article offers anthropological understandings of time in the experience of pandemics in Italy. The Gramscian suggestion is to go beyond hegemony in order to study the bodily life of powers. The author explores the anthropological sense of pandemics, also touching on philosophical approaches among contemporary studies. Following this, some questions about Italy are raised. What was the Italian experience of quarantine? Is it true that there was a ‘failure’ of the health model, above all in the northern regions, which had been praised as a pioneering model of public–private sector collaboration? Is it true to read the covid-19 pandemic as evidence of ‘victory’ for Italy’s central regions, such as the model of Umbria, with its centres of anthropological resistance? The instruments for answering these questions can be found in the critical anthropology of public health as outlined in the article.
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Andrei, Paolo, C. Richard Baker, and Massimo Sargiacomo. "Public Sector Accounting in Italy at the Beginning of the 20th Century: The Contributions of Fabio Besta." Accounting Historians Journal 44, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/aahj-10521.
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ABSTRACT The 19th century and the first decades of the 20th century were particularly important for the development of accounting theory. Various accounting historians have emphasized the key role of Italian scholars during this period (Amaduzzi 2001; Bariola 1897; Ceccherelli 1915; Luchini 1898; Melis 1950). One of the most important of these scholars was Fabio Besta. This paper presents both a biography of Fabio Besta and a discussion of his contributions to accounting thought. There are two primary motivations for this paper; namely (1) to contribute to the biographical strand of accounting history research, and (2) to develop a better understanding of the history of public sector/state accounting. Besta is acknowledged as one of the most important Italian scholars of the accounting discipline. His work, focusing on public administration, is remarkable for its clarity and depth, and it is of particular interest today for researchers of business and management, especially with regard to those aspects that differentiate private sector from public administration. Over a century after his death, Besta's work continues to be of great interest. In fact, the debate concerning accounting methods in the public sector has not yet been completely resolved, with the process of change from cash-based to accrual-based accounting still taking place in many countries.
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van Bortel, Gerard, and Vincent Gruis. "Innovative Arrangements between Public and Private Actors in Affordable Housing Provision: Examples from Austria, England and Italy." Urban Science 3, no. 2 (May 8, 2019): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci3020052.
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Affordable housing is increasingly developed, financed and managed by a mix of state, third-sector, market and community actors. This has led to the emergence of various hybrid governance and finance arrangements. This development can be seen as part of a general long-term neoliberal trend in government policies, and social, cultural and economic developments. It is therefore likely that the hybridity and variety of governance and finance of affordable housing will continue to grow. This article discusses innovative hybrid arrangements from Austria, England and Italy, in which governments, private and non-profit actors collaborate to increase the supply of affordable housing. These cases illustrate how the provision of affordable housing in a neoliberal context can benefit from the involvement of market actors and communities. Nevertheless, they also show that governments continue to play a crucial role in initiating and facilitating these arrangements.
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Barbant, Yasmim Dalila, and Leonardo Flauzino de Souza. "Debt patterns of the peripheral economies of Europe: from the increased growth post-implementation of the Euro to the Great Recession." Brazilian Keynesian Review 5, no. 1 (September 21, 2019): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33834/bkr.v5i1.182.
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<p>The main purpose of this article is to outline the specificities of the indebtedness process of each country of the European periphery — Greece, Italy, Ireland, Portugal, and Spain — that guided the behavior of the demand and the indebtedness of the domestic economic agents from 2000 to 2017. The main results indicated that from 2000 to 2008, all of the countries had foreign sector surpluses (current account deficits), which characterized distinct indebtedness processes of the domestic economic agents. The reversal of these processes was accompanied by larger public deficits and the replacement of private debt with public debt. With the exception of Ireland, the positive impacts on the economic performance of these countries between 2009 and 2017 came from the foreign sector through the devaluation of the euro in the period.</p>
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Ruggieri, Gianluca, Francesca Andreolli, and Paolo Zangheri. "A Policy Roadmap for the Energy Renovation of the Residential and Educational Building Stock in Italy." Energies 16, no. 3 (January 26, 2023): 1319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031319.
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The building sector is crucial in all of the possible net zero scenarios suggested for the European Union. In this area, the Italian situation is exemplary. Italy suffers from an aging and low-performance building stock and needs to increase its annual rate of energy retrofits in order to achieve its 2030 and 2050 targets. Even though since at least 2007, several different incentives schemes intended to stimulate energy-efficiency interventions have been in place, Italy has not been sufficiently able to promote deep retrofits. In 2020, in order to help the economy recover after the lockdowns that were introduced to face the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, the existing incentives were increased to up to 110% of investments for interventions that improved the energy class by at least two grades. This so-called “Superbonus” was also extended to the public social housing sector thanks to a credit assignment scheme. Given the results of this provisional phase, a possible policy roadmap for the energy renovation of the residential and educational building stock in Italy is presented in this paper through an analysis of data related to the implementation of current instruments in terms of number of interventions, investment needed, energy savings and evaluation of potential benefits and costs that can derive from an increase in the current deep-renovation rate. Through definition of a long-term renovation strategy, this paper illustrates how market barriers and other issues in instrument design can be tackled and how policymakers can help to develop a sustainable long-term roadmap for energy-efficient buildings. Beyond the residential sector, public buildings, particularly educational buildings, are taken into consideration as well, as they are places of collective use that represent the social values of fairness and sustainability and can therefore have an exemplary role for private initiatives.
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Gagliarducci, Stefano, and Marco Manacorda. "Politics in the Family: Nepotism and the Hiring Decisions of Italian Firms." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 12, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 67–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/app.20170778.
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This paper studies the effect of family connections to politicians on individuals’ labor market outcomes. Using data for Italy spanning more than three decades on a sample of almost one million individuals plus data on the universe of individuals holding political office, we show that politicians extract significant rents, in terms of private sector jobs, for their family members. We present evidence consistent with the hypothesis that this phenomenon is a form of corruption, i.e., a quid pro quo exchange between firms and politicians, although arguably an inferior substitute for easier-to-detect modes of rent appropriation on the part of politicians. (JEL D72, D73, J23, K42, M51, Z13)
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Capalbo, Franscesco, and Ricardo Palumbo. "The Imperfect Match of Public Accountability of State-Owned Enterprises and Private-Sector-Type Financial Reporting: The Case of Italy." Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal 7, no. 4 (2013): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14453/aabfj.v7i4.4.
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Roselli, Luigi, Arturo Casieri, Bernardo Corrado de Gennaro, Ruggiero Sardaro, and Giovanni Russo. "Environmental and Economic Sustainability of Table Grape Production in Italy." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (May 1, 2020): 3670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093670.
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In recent years, the environmental sustainability of agri-food systems has become a crucial issue. Agri-food firms are increasingly concerned with the implementation of viable environmentally friendly production processes. The environmental impacts of the table grape sector, as well as other fresh and not transformed food products, involve mainly the farming phase rather than the subsequent conditioning, transportation, packaging, and distribution phases. The purpose of this study was to assess the environmental impacts and the economic viability of three table grapes production models (i.e., early harvesting, normal harvesting, and delayed harvesting), based on the Italian tendone system, during the entire life cycle. The environmental impact analysis was performed using the life cycle assessment (LCA) approach, while the economic analysis was performed using the life cycle costing (LCC) approach. The results show that the early and the delayed production models generated the highest environmental burdens, but also the highest economic returns, compared to the normal harvesting production model. The main determinants of the environmental impacts and economic returns are discussed and some practical recommendations are given to improve the sustainability of all the surveyed production models, so to converge public and private interests.
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Bartocci, Luca, and Francesca Picciaia. "Looking for New Paths to Realize Cross-Sector Collaboration for Urban Regeneration: The Case of Castel del Giudice (Italy)." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010292.
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New processes of urbanization have recently led to a concentration of inhabitants in big cities and a consequent depopulation of marginal areas. In Italy, this phenomenon has also affected mountain regions, which are still facing dramatic depopulation and economic depression. The incapacity of public administrations to remedy this public problem has recently led to the introduction of new forms of collaborations with actors belonging to diverse jurisdictional areas (governmental institutions, private companies, no-profit organizations, and local communities). These forms of partnership can be defined as cross sector collaborations and, in the case of community involvement, can also be arranged as community-based enterprises (CBEs). In this paper, we investigate the capacity of CBEs to be an effective instrument for cross-sector collaboration in the field of urban regeneration. In particular, by applying a specific analysis model inspired by the framework elaborated by Bryson, Crosby, and Stone (2015), we analyze an Italian experience of community engagement promoted in Castel Del Giudice, a small town in the Southern Apennines. Through document analysis and an interview method, the paper gives a twofold contribution to the field. Firstly, it provides a rigorous exploration of the preconditions, processes, structures, and results of a successful case of cross-sector collaboration. Secondly, it offers elements to assess potentiality and points of criticisms of CBEs to promote urban regeneration policies. In this sense, we conclude that the creation of a community-based network represents a second level of cross sector-collaboration that can potentiate the capacity to pursue the community interest.
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Fettig, J. "Some aspects of the environmental labour market in five European countries and conclusions with respect to environmental curricula." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 8 (April 1, 2004): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0500.
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The environmental labour market in the Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Sweden and the Netherlands was evaluated by analysing up to 120 job advertisements in each country. The conditions and requirements were grouped into 11 categories showing clear similarities and differences between the five countries. Further evaluation of the data gives evidence that the private sector plays a significant role for technical environmental professionals in Europe. As a central task, conclusions regarding degree and knowledge requirements, respectively, and the importance of a variety of skills are drawn. Suggestions are made how the findings can be accounted for in environmental curricula. Furthermore the role of networks for the graduates' entry into the labour market is emphazised.
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Fornasari, Massimo, and Omar Mazzotti. "At the Origins of a Multi-Stakeholder Non-Profit Organisational Model: Comizi Agrari in Post-Unification Romagna." International Journal of Business and Management 17, no. 4 (March 13, 2022): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v17n4p80.
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In the field of business administration, the management practices adopted by Third sector organisations have made economic associations a topic of growing interest for several years now. The origins of this heterogeneous group of entities can actually be traced far back in time. The main associative form of post-unification Italy’s farming class was comizi agrari, which were private organizations with public functions. By redefining their nature as multistakeholder non-profit organizations, this research takes on the task of re-examining historiography’s negative evaluation of comizi’s effectiveness. Out of the analysis regarding the comizi operating in Romagna, it is evident the nature of some successful comizi is characterised by certain key factors such as the value of organisational, institutional, and technical leadership, the ability to develop strategic services for stakeholders that were not effectively provided by enterprises or the public sector, an attention to financial sustainability, a careful orientation towards building institutional networks.
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Falfari, Stefania, and Gian Marco Bianchi. "Concerns on Full Electric Mobility and Future Electricity Demand in Italy." Energies 16, no. 4 (February 8, 2023): 1704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16041704.
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This work aims to provide an energy and critical analysis of the new “ecological scenario” that sees the world shift the transport sector from the classic fossil-fueled traction towards a purely electric traction. Is it a transition to a cleaner and more environmentally friendly world? This is the central question we need to answer. In this context of forced electrification of passenger vehicles, the authors estimated the electricity surplus needed in Italy to face this transition with a projection up to 2050, considering the electricity demand of purely electric vehicles and for the production of green hydrogen for the fuel supply of fuel cell vehicles. Throughout this investigation, the authors discovered that, in 2050, the surplus of electricity to be produced compared to the current production in Italy (year 2021) is equal to +27.6% (1). This value increases if two limit scenarios are considered: it becomes +40.0% within a limit scenario in which the entire private car fleet is made up of pure electric traction vehicles only (2). It becomes +100.6% in the hypothesis that the entire fleet of passenger cars is made up of fuel cell vehicles powered exclusively by green hydrogen (3).
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Mokhova, Natalia, and Marek Zinecker. "SOVEREIGN DEBT AND CORPORATE CAPITAL STRUCTURE: THE EVIDENCE FROM SELECTED EUROPEAN COUNTRIES DURING THE GGLOBAL FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC CRISIS." Business: Theory and Practice 18 (May 3, 2017): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/btp.2017.002.
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The recent Global financial crisis and the following European debt crisis show the significance of country financial stability and its impact on the private sector. Moreover, the sovereign debt as an essential element of government macroeconomic policy influences the financial performances of the companies and their future development and growth. The capital structure and financing decisions represent one of the most significant parts of company’s financial policy and its key to financial strength. There are a lot of external factors influencing the capital structure; however, due to the European debt crisis the aim of this study is to indicate the influence of sovereign debt on capital structure of the private held companies in different European countries. This study examines the evidence from European developed countries and emerging markets for the period 2005–2012, in order to compare the level of its impact on the capital structure according to the countries’ specifics. We find that after Global Financial Crisis the sovereign debt has tendency to increase in all investigated countries. Greece and Italy have the highest level of debt and it exceeds their Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In addition to that, the Czech Republic has the lowest level of sovereign debt to GDP, but at the same time the corporate capital structure exceeds 100%. The sovereign debt levels are strongly and statistically significantly correlated with each other, however, Hungarian debt has weaker relation with other countries. The findings also show the integration and interdependence of European countries. Moreover, Hungarian, Czech and German private sectors are the most depended on the level of sovereign debt.
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Cartenì, Armando, Ilaria Henke, Clorinda Molitierno, and Luigi Di Francesco. "Strong Sustainability in Public Transport Policies: An e-Mobility Bus Fleet Application in Sorrento Peninsula (Italy)." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 28, 2020): 7033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177033.
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Sustainability can be defined as the capacity to satisfy current needs without compromising future generations. Sustainable development clashes with the transport sector because of the latter’s high fossil fuels usage, consumption of natural resources and emission of pollutant and greenhouse gases. Electric mobility seems to be one of the best options to achieve both the sustainability goals and the mobility needs. This paper critically analysed weaknesses, strengths and application fields of electric mobility, proposing a real case application of an e-mobility bus fleet in Sorrento peninsula (Italy). The aim and the originality of this research was to propose a public transport design methodology based on a “strong sustainability” policy and applied to a real case study. To be precise, the renewing of the “old” bus fleet with a diesel plug-in hybrid one charged by a photovoltaic system was proposed, aiming to both improve environmental sustainability and perform an investment return for a private operator in managing the transport service. The proposed case study is particularly suitable because the peculiar morphology of the Sorrento peninsula in Italy does not allow other types of public transport services (e.g., rail, metro). Furthermore, this area, rich in UNESCO sites, has always been an international tourist destination because of the environment and landscape. Estimation results show that the new e-mobility bus service will be able to reduce the greenhouse gases emissions up to the 23%, with a financial payback period of 10 years for a private investor.
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Winter, Eva, Christian Grovermann, Stefano Orsini, Francesco Solfanelli, and Joachim Aurbacher. "The Effects of Interventions Targeting Increased Organic Seed Use—The Cases of Perennial Ryegrass in England and Durum Wheat in Italy." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (December 1, 2021): 13326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313326.
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To meet policy goals targeting increasing the share of organic agriculture, an organic seed needs to be provided. Currently, this is far from being the case. This study investigates two cases of important crop country combinations in organic agriculture, namely perennial ryegrass in South-West England and durum wheat in Italy. A novel multi-agent value chain approach was developed to assess public and private-sector interventions aiming at increasing organic seed use. Phasing out of derogations for non-organic seed comes with 2–7% gross margin losses at the farm level. Seed producers and breeders profit by 9–24%. Mitigating measures can be subsidies of 28 €/ha or price premiums of 12 €/ton at the farm gate for durum wheat, in the case of durum wheat in Italy, and subsidies of 13 €/ha or price premiums of 70 €/ton for lamb meat, in the case of perennial ryegrass in England. Further mitigating measures are the promotion of farm-saved durum wheat seed and investments in breeding for better nitrogen efficiency in organic perennial ryegrass seed production.
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lo Storto, Corrado. "Benchmarking operational efficiency in the integrated water service provision." Benchmarking: An International Journal 21, no. 6 (September 30, 2014): 917–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-11-2012-0076.
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Purpose – This is a benchmarking study and the purpose of this paper is to investigate if there is any association between operational efficiency in the integrated water management industry in Italy and the typology of service providers, and as a consequence, the nature of concession contract. Design/methodology/approach – The study is focussed on 38 optimal territorial areas (ATOs), e.g. a circumscribed geographical area where the provision of integrated water services is considered efficient. It uses Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to calculate ATO efficiency and a stepwise regression procedure performed to investigate the effect of contract type on the operational efficiency rate of the ATO. Findings – This study shows that there are some inefficiencies in the water service supply industry in Italy. The estimated average pure technical and scale efficiency of ATOs are 92.62 and 93.91 percent, respectively, while the average technical efficiency is 87.61 percent and the lowest is slightly higher than 13 percent. Operational inefficiencies might not be determined by size only. In fact, results show that the water service provider and contract agreement typologies are associated with efficiency. In particular, operational efficiency is higher in those ATOs where the water service supply concession contracts that fit the schemes of the new legislative framework prevail or where the service is mostly provided by a private equity owned or by mixed public-private companies. Research limitations/implications – It was assumed that any incremental level of water quality beyond the minimum acceptable threshold as required by law is not important to increase the operation efficiency score; henceforth, no variables measuring the water quality were introduced in the DEA model. The result of the study may be not fully representative of the Italian water service sector, because the unavailability of accurate and consistent public databank in Italy did not allowed to have a larger sample. Practical implications – This paper is one of the first in Italy to investigate the association between the operational efficiency of the ATOs and the nature of water service providers and contract agreements used. Originality/value – This paper is one of the first in Italy to investigate the association between the operational efficiency of the ATOs and the nature of water service providers and contract agreements used.
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Fanelli, Rosa Maria. "Rural Small and Medium Enterprises Development in Molise (Italy)." European Countryside 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 566–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/euco-2018-0032.
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Abstract Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are a key economic sector in Molise, a region in central Italy, characterized by a high level of rurality. This paper uses descriptive survey research to discuss the findings of a study of the innovation process in a sample of SMEs located in rural areas of Molise. It explores the aims of the innovation and any barriers encountered. Data were collected from 30 respondents with the aid of an on-line questionnaire. The sample was drawn from a database made available by the Chambers of Commerce in Molise. The database includes 165 firms that, in recent years, have introduced innovative technologies. The findings of the study revealed that there is a high level of awareness of the importance of technology among the managing bodies of SMEs. Most rural firms prefer to use new production technologies and new processes, rather than invest in research and development activities. Furthermore, there is a low propensity to set up partnerships with other enterprises along the supply chain and to participate in collaborative networks designed to stimulate innovation. Most owners and/or managers interviewed lamented the lack of financial resources necessary to make technological innovations. They also highlighted the considerable difficulty in accessing public and private funding. The paper concludes with some brief prospects by recommending a few implications for policy. The results of this study are important for both researchers as well as those involved in small business (including government, agencies and owner/managers).
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Navarro-Valverde, Francisco, Marilena Labianca, Eugenio Cejudo-García, and Stefano De Rubertis. "Social Innovation in Rural Areas of the European Union Learnings from Neo-Endogenous Development Projects in Italy and Spain." Sustainability 14, no. 11 (May 25, 2022): 6439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116439.
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Within the framework of the LEADER approach to rural development applied in rural areas of the European Union, a high degree of social innovation (SI) has been achieved with the support of public–private partnerships. This research analyzes the different forms of SI achieved in specific projects in marginal rural areas facing depopulation. These initiatives make important, sometimes intangible, contributions to rural society, which are not sufficiently valued in rural development practice. Using an exploratory qualitative methodology, we made a selection of projects carried out in rural areas of Spain and Italy by searching for specific keywords (“innovation”, “entrepreneurship”, and “LEADER”) in the European Network of Rural Development database. According to the typology of promoters, we considered Transnational Cooperation Projects promoted by various Local Action Groups (LAGs), by public sector initiative and by private promoters. In-depth interviews were also conducted. The main findings include: the crucial role played by local leaders, social enterprises and LAGs in overcoming resistance and reluctance amongst the local community to participate in and support rural development projects; the importance of creating collective learning processes; the complexity of the network affects the number of contributions; the need for long-term continuity of processes and projects, and the importance of combining exogenous and endogenous development and knowledge.
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D’Orio, Giovanni, and Rosetta Lombardo. "Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility in Italy: advantages and disadvantages of a non-explicitly-existent system." Corporate Ownership and Control 4, no. 4 (2007): 36–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv4i4c4p4.
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The greatest distinctions between corporate governance practices around the world appear to result from differences in law and not from differences in recommendations that emanate from the types of codes adopted. With the evolution of the concept of Corporate Governance the area of connections with the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility has become more and more wide. The possible way to separate ownership and control, so the corporate governance in the private sector of Italian economic system, has not been based on a unique model but on a set of different models for the different kind of enterprises involved. This paper analyses the connection between corporate governance and corporate social responsibility focusing on the Italian case where, since the system of corporate governance has never been clearly defined, the current outcome shows a unique system that well incorporates both concepts