Relevant bibliographies by topics / Private sector – Italy

Academic literature on the topic 'Private sector – Italy'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Private sector – Italy"

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Resta, G. "Systematic government access to private-sector data in Italy." International Data Privacy Law 4, no. 1 (December 18, 2013): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/idpl/ipt029.

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Brunetto, Yvonne, Mathew Xerri, Elisabetta Trinchero, Rod Farr-Wharton, Kate Shacklock, and Elio Borgonovi. "Public–Private Sector Comparisons of Nurses’ Work Harassment Using Set: Italy and Australia." Public Management Review 18, no. 10 (December 8, 2015): 1479–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2015.1114136.

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Grillini, Giulia, Giovanna Sacchi, Lisa Chase, Jacqui Taylor, Christelle C. Van Zyl, Peet Van Der Merwe, Thomas Streifeneder, and Christian Fischer. "Qualitative Assessment of Agritourism Development Support Schemes in Italy, the USA and South Africa." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (June 29, 2022): 7903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137903.

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Agritourism has grown rapidly in many countries worldwide. However, for all this success, little is known about the concrete implementation, actual extent, and effectiveness of public and private agritourism support measures aimed at keeping up farming and promoting agritourism. Hence, the objective of this study is to provide an overview and a comparison of agritourism supports and policies in different countries. To this purpose, specific political, legal, financial, and promotional instruments for agritourism have been investigated. The focus is on three countries with strong agritourism sectors and different socio-cultural characteristics: Italy, the USA, and South Africa. The analysis of these case study areas is motivated by examination of agritourism from different continents with a diverging status of development as well as history. Italy and the USA are two countries with well-established and successful agritourism sectors; however, these are based on very different framework conditions, resulting in specific development paths and various supportive driving factors. South Africa has been included as a representative case study of a developing country where agritourism operations are growing rapidly through the support of an active private sector association. By assessing commonalities and differences in public and private support backgrounds in three different continents, the present study represents the first exploratory attempt to understand the influences of public and private national and regional framework conditions for agritourism development. Our findings suggest that both public and private supports contribute to success; however, clear criteria and further research are needed in order to fully understand the implications.
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McCann, Dermot. "The ‘Anglo-American’ model, privatization and the transformation of private capitalism in Italy." Modern Italy 5, no. 1 (May 2000): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532940050003032.

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SummaryItalian capitalism has long been distinguished by the large size of the public enterprise sector and the power of large family firms, underpinned by powerful networks of inter-firm alliance orchestrated by the merchant bank, Mediobanca. This article seeks to analyse the extent to which the current programme of privatization is serving not only to shrink the size of, but to transform the structure of, power in the private sector. While some reformers have seen in privatization an instrument to encourage the adoption of Anglo-Saxon forms of corporate governance in Italy, it is argued here that the evidence of recent changes indicates the emergence of a more differentiated pattern of corporate governance rather than the triumph of any single model.
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Santucci, Fabio Maria. "The Diversification of Agriculture in Italy: Agritourism and Organic Management." International Business & Economics Studies 3, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): p29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ibes.v3n1p29.

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During the last 70 years, since the end of WW II, Italian agriculture has increased its productivity but, despite the national and European financial support to the primary sector, millions of farms have closed their operations, millions of hectares have been abandoned, and millions of farmers have emigrated to towns and abroad. Rural desertification has been aggravated by the closures of public offices and private businesses. Against this grim scenario, this paper illustrates, with the most recent available data, the evolution and growth of two sub-sectors, organic farming and agritourism. Both sub-sectors were initially contrasted and the first farmers adopting these strategies have encountered problems and obstacles, they were fined, and sometimes had to close their operations. In both cases, the pioneers resisted, organized themselves, and—thanks also to the support of consumers and some scientists, were able to lobby local, national, and European law makers for appropriate legislation. The first part of the article contains the data about the evolution and distribution of agritourism and organic farms, while the second part compares several aspects of the two sub-sectors.
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Gashi, Ljuan Marko, Zeljko Pozega, and Boris Crnkovic. "A Cross-Sectoral Study of Value Profiles and Differences between Employees in Private and Public Sector in South East Europe." South East European Journal of Economics and Business 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jeb-2017-0013.

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Abstract This study of cultures across 6 countries (7 regions) shows that each region has its own specificity and its own unique employee value profile. Value profiles have been explored as a potential diagnostic tool on the basis of Hofstede’s value dimensions in the service of human resource development at the local level. The resulting employee value profiles are based on a representative sample of employees in the private and public sectors. Significant similarity in value profiles have been found for employees from Croatia and Serbia compared to Romania, Hungary, Slovenia and Italy, both in the public and private sector. The research results suggest the direction that managers and policymakers need to take in order to understand what employees’ values are, how they can be used, and how to address the challenges of human resource development in their region.
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Mikroulea, Alexandra P. "Competition between public and private undertakings." Zeitschrift für Wettbewerbsrecht 13, no. 3 (September 10, 2015): 265–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15375/zwer-2015-0305.

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AbstractAn undistorted competition regime can only be achieved on the condition of equality of opportunity among different businesses. The neutrality principle must be also applicable in favor of public sector undertakings according to OFT study dated 2010 and OECD study 2012. In comparative analysis with other member states (Italy and Spain) and Australia the relevant legislations provide the Competition Agencies and the Governments power to ensure and protect the neutrality principle. World Trade Organization is the new forum for international regulation of public restraints? It is a question to be answered. A “soft” solution (soft law), either in the framework of the International Competition Network (ICN) or in the framework of OECD or of the UNCTAD seems realistic. Perhaps more effective seems to be the cultivation of a competition culture (competition advocacy). In competition law, “second best” solutions constitute the reply to the problem.
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Cacchiarelli, Luca, and Alessandro Sorrentino. "Pricing Strategies in the Italian Retail Sector: The Case of Pasta." Social Sciences 8, no. 4 (April 4, 2019): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8040113.

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In the last years, Italian food retailing has experienced some developments related to rising concentration levels, heterogeneous distribution along the country of the different outlet categories, and an increase of products sold as private brand labels. In the Italian agro-food industry, pasta represents a strategic product, since Italy has the peculiarity of being, at the same time, the main producer and consumer of pasta. A useful way to investigate food retailers’ behavior and strategies is to derive a measure of price rigidity, through a “frequency approach”, which permits computation of both regular prices and price promotions, and the frequency and the magnitude of price increases and decreases. We employ such methodology in order to evaluate retailers’ strategies in the Italian pasta market in terms of price rigidity and price promotions according to brand categories (Italian pasta brands versus private label brands) and regional areas for the period 2011–2013. The results show that retailers’ strategies for national pasta brands, in terms of price rigidity and price promotions, are completely different with respect to private label brands. Among the various national pasta brands, retailers adopt different strategies by, in various regional cases, employing the tool of price promotion rather than intervening with regular price changes.
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FERRARI, IRENE. "The effectiveness of incentives to postpone retirement: evidence from Italy." Journal of Pension Economics and Finance 18, no. 2 (December 14, 2017): 220–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474747217000452.

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AbstractThis paper investigates whether financial incentives may be used as an effective device to induce workers to postpone retirement by evaluating the Italian so-called ‘super-bonus’ reform. The bonus consisted of economic incentives given for a limited period to private sector workers who had reached the requirements for seniority pension but who chose to postpone retirement. Using data from the Bank of Italy Survey on Household Income and Wealth, this paper assesses the effect of the bonus on the decision to postpone retirement, by comparing private and public workers before and after the reform. Results suggest a 30% reduction in seniority retirement probability, despite the fact that, when changes in social security wealth are taken into account, the bonus actually provided a negative incentive for most workers. Results also suggest that the effect of the reform was driven by low-income workers. Some evidence is presented showing that liquidity constraints and financial (il)literacy may help to interpret these results.
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Naticchioni, Paolo, and Andrea Ricci. "Investire nello studio: evoluzione dei rendimenti salariali dell'istruzione in Italia." QA Rivista dell'Associazione Rossi-Doria, no. 4 (December 2009): 7–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/qu2009-004001.

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- In this paper we analyze the evolution of Educational wage premia (Ewp) in the Italian private sector. Drawing upon the Household income and wealth survey (Bank of Italy) we show that Ewp showed a general decrease between 1993 and 2004, at all quantiles of the wage distribution. Our findings do not depend on the type of educational attainments. A number of robustness checks and various econometric specifications are also applied in order to address matters of sample selection. Thus Italy is situated as an outlier among the Oecd countries, where the Ewp have generally increased over the last few decades.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Private sector – Italy"

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Cappellaro, Giulia. "Institutional pluralism and organizational change : insights from hybrid organizational forms in the Italian health care field." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648682.

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BARDASI, Elena. "The Italian government as an employer :comparisons between public and private sector workers in the first half of the 1990s." Doctoral thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4902.

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Defence date: 5 October 2000
Examining board: Prof. Carlo Dell'Arringa, Università Cattolica Milano ; Prof. Joop Hartog, University of Amsterdam ; Prof. Andrea Ichino, EUI ; Prof. John Micklewright, UNICEF, Florence, Supervisor
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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Books on the topic "Private sector – Italy"

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Naviguer, commercer, gouverner: Économie maritime et pouvoirs à Venise (XVe-XVIe siècles). Leiden: Brill, 2008.

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Cuccaro, Chiara Cecilia. La scuola Cadlolo a Roma: Restauro delle facciate. Modena: Palombi editori, 2021.

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M, Kramer Ralph, ed. Privatization in four European countries: Comparative studies in government-third sector relationships. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1993.

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Ramella, Francesco, and Carlo Trigilia, eds. Reti sociali e innovazione. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-129-8.

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The lagging behind of the Italian economy in the sphere of technologically advanced manufacture represents a significant factor in the debate on the risks of the country's decline. Nevertheless we know relatively little about the diffusion in Italy of companies specialising in information technology. The research presented in this book – the outcome of a national project – reveals how this sector is dominated by small businesses, concentrated in a number of urban areas (the cases studied are Pisa, Florence, Turin, Osimo and Castelfidardo). It emerges that the social networks linking the businessmen with University researchers are crucial to an understanding of the processes of innovation. But what is equally important is the capacity of the collective entities, both public and private, to provide the entire country with the services that are indispensable for the development of enterprise.
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Resta, Giorgio. Systematic Government Access to Private-Sector Data in Italy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190685515.003.0005.

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This chapter focuses on Italian law as it pertains to the variety of legal provisions relevant to data protection and the access to private-sector data by law enforcement. The relevant sources of law can include interpretations of constitutional provisions by the Italian courts, implementation of EU law in Italian law, and statutory provisions, in particular the Italian “Data Protection Code.” Special rules apply to data processing in specific sectors, in particular the judicial sector, law enforcement, and national security. Several statutes make a broad reporting of private-sector data mandatory. Legislation provides individuals with the opportunity to assert their rights either by filing a private lawsuit or by filing a complaint with the Italian Data Protection Authority.
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Kramer, Ralph M., and Hakon Lorentzen. Privatization in Four European Countries: Comparative Studies in Government-Third Sector Relationships (Comparative Public Policy Analysis). M.E. Sharpe, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Private sector – Italy"

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Borgogni, Antonio, Simone Digennaro, and Emiliano Mazzoli. "ITALY: Dichotomies Between Professionalism vs. Voluntarism and Commercialisation vs. Non-profit in the Sport Sector." In The Private Sport Sector in Europe, 193–209. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61310-9_12.

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Coltorti, Fulvio. "Phases of Italian Industrial Development and the Relationship between the Public and Private Sectors." In Industrial Policy in Italy, 1945–90, 59–123. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22985-7_3.

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Poulot, Marie-Laure. "Branding Cosmopolitanism and Place Making in Saint Laurent Boulevard, Montreal." In IMISCOE Research Series, 111–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67365-9_9.

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AbstractThe boulevard Saint-Laurent is the embodiment in Montreal of the gap between the French-speaking eastern part and the English-speaking areas in the west part, but it is also the place where immigrants settled during the twentieth century, thus creating specific neighborhoods (Little Italy, Chinatown, and Portuguese and Jewish sectors). These neighborhoods, that once symbolized poverty and marginalized communities, have been undergoing processes of both social and urban change as well as gentrification. They are now repositioned, through the urban planning, marketing strategies, and cultural events (celebrations, festivals, urban tours) produced by public and private stakeholders, as places to visit. Cosmopolitanism is being integrated as a marketing strategy to promote places and to redefine districts as destinations of leisure and tourism (Shaw S, Bagwell S, Karmowska J, Urban Studies 41(10), 1983–2000, 2004). The boulevard is a lever for branding strategies: “ethnic” neighborhoods clearly highlight the assets of cosmopolitanism through food, shops, associations or symbols such as colors, flags or ornaments. This chapter focuses on these actions of branding and the use of the cosmopolitan past of the street and their impact on the representations of pedestrians, inhabitants and users.
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Fabbris, Luigi, and Paolo Feltrin. "Mapping and factoring the 2007 ATECO categories in regard to specialised human capital." In Proceedings e report, 93–98. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-461-8.18.

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The paper describes an exercise of classification of a subset of five-digit categories of the 2007 ATECO classification system of economic activities. The analysis is grounded on the hypothesis that economic sectors can be clustered according to the competency level required to human resources recently working in industries or services in Italy. The analysis may be useful to evaluate a possible relationship between economic development and education. The analysis consisted of a mapping and then a clustering of the Ateco categories according to the between-distribution dissimilarity of any possible couple of categories. The basic idea was to highlight the Ateco categories that require either more education than others or more education and working experience (human capital) than others, pinpointing, in particular, the categories that require larger percentages of tertiary education and those residing close to territorial hubs. The competency level was measured with a combination of educational attainment and in-service experience of Italian employees, as defined by Istat, the Italian statistical institute. The employees’ educational level was evaluated with the frequency distribution of five (ordinal) classes of education of people employed in 2018 and 2019 in both private and public establishments and offices; the working experience with a logarithmic transform of the average number of in-service years of employees. The analysis highlighted both a sort of input-related classification of the economy and a supply-side classification of the labour market. The results are in line with the theory of the existence of a cluster of creative companies residing close to territorial hubs.
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Mecca, Umberto, Giuseppe Moglia, Francesco Prizzon, and Manuela Rebaudengo. "Digital Twin for Maintenance Information Management." In Research Anthology on BIM and Digital Twins in Smart Cities, 430–57. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7548-5.ch020.

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BIM and the construction sector have long been an inseparable pair: in many European Countries it is a consolidated practice while in others there is a big debate about it but. Although there are important signs of a turning point, it still does not seem to be really feasible. In Italy, the leverage for transformation is certainly the public works sector, but this is not enough: to really talk about a whole digitization of the AEC sector, it is necessary to “attract” the private sector, where more than 50% of investments are invested. The chapter will attempt, starting from an Italian framework overview, to assess the main perceived obstacles of the applicability of a BIM model for facility management. The tool chosen by the authors as a preliminary approach to the problem, the SWOT analysis, allows an effective synthesis of the strengths and weaknesses resulting from such implementation.
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Mecca, Umberto, Giuseppe Moglia, Francesco Prizzon, and Manuela Rebaudengo. "Digital Twin for Maintenance Information Management." In Advances in Civil and Industrial Engineering, 575–601. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7091-3.ch025.

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BIM and the construction sector have long been an inseparable pair: in many European Countries it is a consolidated practice while in others there is a big debate about it but. Although there are important signs of a turning point, it still does not seem to be really feasible. In Italy, the leverage for transformation is certainly the public works sector, but this is not enough: to really talk about a whole digitization of the AEC sector, it is necessary to “attract” the private sector, where more than 50% of investments are invested. The chapter will attempt, starting from an Italian framework overview, to assess the main perceived obstacles of the applicability of a BIM model for facility management. The tool chosen by the authors as a preliminary approach to the problem, the SWOT analysis, allows an effective synthesis of the strengths and weaknesses resulting from such implementation.
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Palomera, David, and Margarita León. "The Growth and Consequences of Quasi-markets in Long-Term Care." In The Oxford Handbook of Family Policy, 961—C44.P94. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197518151.013.45.

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Abstract This chapter investigates how the extension of markets in Western Europe’s long-term care (LTC) systems has shaped the provision of care over the most recent decades. The chapter pays attention to the provision of formal LTC, with a special focus on public and private relationships, taking into consideration the relevance of national and regional contexts. The chapter outlines relevant conflicts that quasi-markets and New Public Management (NPM) logics have brought to care economies. It shows the extent to which the impact of quasi-markets on care provision is mediated by specific market dynamics, such as who is available to provide good quality care and political economy contexts, including power relations between different actors. The chapter’s last section explores the introduction of quasi-markets in nursing homes in Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in relation to two main issues: the impact of market structures and concentration dynamics on determining outcomes and the capacity to monitor, regulate, and hold private actors accountable in these four countries. The authors draw the conclusion that concentration dynamics in the nursing home sector should be carefully assessed, especially when it comes to understanding how investment capacity and capital accumulation affect public control. The exploration of recent quasi-market dynamics in the nursing home sector of the four countries studied here poses the fundamental question of how to reconcile the interests of powerful market actors and the responsibility of the state toward providing for good social care for all.
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Moss QC, Gabriel, Bob Wessels, and Matthias Haentjens. "Spain." In EU Banking and Insurance Insolvency. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759393.003.0019.

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The consequences of the international financial crisis that started in 2007 unveiled a real estate bubble crisis in Spain that left the majority of its financial sector on the verge of insolvency. National financial institutions had been financing the over-development of the real estate market for years, borrowing abroad to lend locally at an unsustainable pace. The moment the international interbank market dried up, Spanish financial entities were unable to refinance their debts and stopped financing the development and retail acquisition of housing. This happened at a time when the international sovereign context was extremely troublesome. Greece, Portugal, and Ireland were undergoing a rescue process, and Spain and Italy started experiencing a sharp rise in the spread of their bonds vis-à-vis the German Bundesbond. Spain’s debt-to-GDP ratio then was still low (considerably lower than that of Germany, France, or the UK), and yet the cost of financing was soaring, threating the very solvency of the nation. The reason for this threat was the over-indebtedness of the private sector, with special intensity in the case of the financial sector. The Spanish government realized that a recapitalization of the troubled financial entities was a precondition of its own survival.
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Baldwin, Nicholas, and Amy Lynn Fletcher. "Asteroid Futures." In Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology, 291–301. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6772-2.ch020.

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This chapter evaluates the emerging industry of asteroid mining and the pivotal role of the United States in shaping the new rules for an extra-terrestrial economy. The Outer Space Treaty 1967 (OST) governs the use of space, with over 100 signatories, including the United States and China. However, as space exploration expands to encompass both public and private stakeholders, there is a growing international debate about whether the OST's provisions prohibit the assertion of sovereignty and, hence, property rights, in outer space. With the Commercial Space Launch Competitiveness Act (2015), the United States has pursued a legal framework that facilitates commercial asteroid mining and a political strategy that focuses on bilateral space exploration agreements with countries such as Luxembourg, Italy, and the United Arab Emirates. Due to its dominant position in the space sector, the United States will strongly influence the regulatory roadmap for the era of Space 2.0.
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Manarini, Edoardo. "The Exarchate." In Struggles for Power in the Kingdom of Italy. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463725828_ch04.

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The second section is dedicated to the analysis of patrimonial data that the examination of private charters has generated. It is divided into the three chapters following geographically the areas of affirmation of the group. Starting from the actual places of landed wealth, the investigation then deals with the reconstruction of the patronage networks and local loyalties on which the Hucpoldings based their hegemony. The fourth chapter concerns the exarchal area. In this context, relations with the archbishops of Ravenna were always fundamental because their church always represented a valuable basis for their acquisition of landed wealth though emphyteosis. It proposes that thanks to the relevance of these bonds the group could link with exarchal elites.
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Conference papers on the topic "Private sector – Italy"

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Zanfardino, Antonella, Luca Andreassi, Fabrizio Martini, and Stefano Ubertini. "Energy Audits in the Service Sector Buildings." In ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20113.

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In the last decade, the service sector had a very rapid growth, due to the so-called “tertiarisation” of the economy. Accordingly, the energy consumption, mainly attributable to public and private buildings, is rapidly growing, thus making buildings energy saving one of the main issues of the energy policy at regional, national and international levels. To this aim, we developed an effective methodology to improve energy efficiency of the service sector buildings. This may represent a handy great opportunity to save natural and economic resources, especially where the buildings structure and the technical systems are old, the maintenance activities are not carefully carried out or a systematic energy management is not applied. Nevertheless, actions in this direction are often considered too expensive and complicated, if compared with residential energy optimization, because of the big extension, the variety of activities and the high number of occupants typical of the service sector buildings. The developed approach for energy audits aims to investigate the energy aspects of existing non-domestic buildings in a structured way, in order to clearly identify their energy saving potential and to improve their energy performances. The main goal of the study is defining a general methodology to analyze the current energy use and consumption considering a limited number of their peculiar elements such as dimensions, activities, users behavior, technical systems data and energy bills. Furthermore, these informations are completed by an appropriate energy measuring campaign. All the possible energy uses in service buildings are taken into account (i.e. lighting, ventilation, air conditioning, hot water production). The results obtained from the analysis allow to evaluate a global level of building energy efficiency, and to identify those single areas, specific systems or everyday activities where energy is wasted. These considerations also provide basis for programming cost-effective energy saving action plans. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is demonstrated through a case study for an Administrative Center building in Rome, Italy. Results demonstrate the methodology reliability and the cost reduction potentialities.
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Rapisarda, Sebastiano, Elena Ghersetti, Damiano Girardi, Nicola Alberto De Carlo, and Laura Dal Corso. "SMART WORKING AND ONLINE PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: WORK-FAMILY BALANCE, WELL-BEING, AND PERFORMANCE." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact062.

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"During lockdown and the severe restrictions aimed to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, in Italy great consideration has been given to “smart working” (SW). This term refers to a form of work characterized by the absence of time or space restrictions and an organization by phases, cycles, and objectives. The requirements for SW are: work must be carried out electronically; the tools must be adequate; performance must be measurable and focused on objectives; employees must have a suitable place to get their work done. These requirements ensure that the essential objectives of SW are attained: replacing the logic of performing tasks with that of achieving objectives; allowing everyone to manage work actively and autonomously; stimulating more decisive accountability in work, and better performance. Since the COVID-19 outbreak, action-research interventions have been conducted by private and public organizations. The private sector has endeavored to meet the requirements described above. This has not always been the case in the public sector, where largely widespread and indiscriminate use of SW has been made, not always complying with the protocols. However, even within the “emergency” limits of these experiences, SW has generally been accepted. The main advantages reported by employees are time and money saved on travel and food, in addition to improved family life. However, some problems have also emerged. These include the perception of social isolation; difficulty in disconnecting from technology; inadequacy of the tools; inadequate communication with managers. We also found that the health conditions of some “smart workers” have worsened in terms of anxiety, sleep disorders, and emotional symptoms. The data clearly show the complexity of analyses and interventions in relation to the SW phenomenon. The protection of employees’ health, especially in terms of recovery and work-family balance, appears to be particularly complex. In this context, the authors’ experience shows that online psychology has become more significant because it allows to support employees at any time. The literature highlights the growing use of online psychological support also through smartphone apps that provide effective interventions anywhere. Therefore, if, on the one hand, the requirements, objectives, and good practices of SW are to be pursued to limit the critical issues that have arisen, on the other, organizations should provide psychological support to employees even at a distance and by using appropriate technologies."
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Karazijienė, Žaneta, and Miglė Eleonora Černikovaitė. "ASSESSMENT OF E-TRADE IN GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT." In 12th International Scientific Conference „Business and Management 2022“. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2022.914.

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The article analyses the topic of e-trade assessment in a global environment. To achieve the objective, a de-tailed analysis of scientific works was carried out in order to identify the importance of e-trade assessment in a global environment and, by removing the identified limitations, to develop a model of e-trade evaluation applicable to a global environment. The empirical research was based on the developed e-trade evaluation model to test its effectiveness and applicability in a global environment. Based on the data collected, a multi-criteria assessment of e-trade was carried out, dividing the factors into five dimensions: emotional (consumer satisfaction and trust), technological (internet ac-cessibility, data security and privacy), financial (e-GDP, e-trade sales, impact of e-trade on overall company turnover), social (internet usage and purchasing volumes) and tax environment (VAT), and a comparative analysis of the coun-tries to compare the results of economically similar countries, to find out why the market leaders are performing so well in the e-trade sector, and to identify the methodologies and practices used in these countries, so as to identify the most effective methods and practices that can be applied in other countries. The results of the multi-criteria assessment al-lowed European countries to be classified into three groups: from market leaders to the most laggard countries. The strongest growth rates are found in Ro-mania and Bulgaria. It is worth noting that e-trade is also unpopular in South-ern European countries: Greece, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Malta, Cyprus.
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