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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Private sector finance

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Academic literature on the topic 'Private sector finance'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Private sector finance"

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Barnett, M. J. N. "Role of Private Sector Finance." Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering 115, no. 1 (January 1989): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1052-3928(1989)115:1(16).

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Ball, Rob, Maryanne Heafey, and David King. "The Private Finance Initiative and Public Sector Finance." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 20, no. 1 (February 2002): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c0045.

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Ciumas, Cristina, Viorela-Ligia Văidean, and Zoltán-Krisztián Karsai. "Implications of Private Sector Behavior on Public Finance Sector." Procedia Economics and Finance 3 (2012): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(12)00134-7.

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Umar, Abdullahi A., Noor Amila Wan Abdullah Zawawi, Abdul Ganiyu Otairu, and Idris Othman. "Private Finance Initiatives (PFI): Getting it Right." Applied Mechanics and Materials 567 (June 2014): 601–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.567.601.

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Recently, the UK government reformed the popular PFI into what is now referred to as PF2 after years of denying that the PFI was not delivering value for money. The reform is the result of many factors, principal of which was public sector PFI capacity deficiencies which has compromised the success of many projects. Therefore, this study set out to determine the most important PFI skills from the perspectives of public and private sector PFI practitioners and if there exists differences in opinion between the sectors. A survey of the most important PFI skills was conducted among practitioners during the course of 2 infrastructure conferences held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Factor analysis of 17 PFI skills produced 3 factor groupings that broadly explain the PFI skills requirements. These skills include Contract design skills, Contract Management skills, and Risk identification and Management skills. There was however no statistically significant difference in opinion between the public and private sector respondents.

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Hassan, Bello, Evans Osabuohien, Folorunso Ayadi, Jeremiah Ejemeyovwi, and Victoria Okafor. "Driving private sector credit in Nigeria: The role of growth finance." Banks and Bank Systems 17, no. 4 (October 19, 2022): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.17(4).2022.03.

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There is some level of uncertainty as to whether private sector credit interacts with finance sources for growth to significantly influence channeling funds for investible purposes in Nigeria, given the nation’s unique characteristics. This study examines the role of various sources of growth finance on private sector credit in Nigeria. For this purpose, the study utilizes secondary data (1980–2018) sourced from CBN statistical annual reports. The study further employs the ARDL-Bounds Co-integration test to test out the hypothesis after stationarity testing. The study finds that stock market capitalization had a positive and significant influence on private sector credit compared to remittance inflows and gross domestic savings in the long run among the sources of growth finance indicators. Furthermore, remittance inflows reported a positive but statistically insignificant relationship, while gross domestic savings had a negative and insignificant coefficient. The study concludes that only stock market development inflow transmits to the private sector’s credit at 10 percent among the various growth finance sources.

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Liang, Yan. "Private-Public Sector Finance and Developmental Challenges." Chinese Economy 49, no. 3 (May 3, 2016): 143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10971475.2016.1159901.

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Pitonáková, Renáta. "Private Sector Savings." Danube 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/danb-2018-0001.

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Abstract The majority of household savings are in the form of bank deposits. It is therefore of interest for credit institutions to tailor their deposit policy for getting finances from non-banking entities and to provide the private sector with the loans that are necessary for investment activities and consumption. This paper deals with the determinants of the saving rate of the private sector of Slovakia. Economic, financial and demographic variables influence savings. Growth of income per capita, private disposable income, elderly dependency ratio, real interest rate and inflation have a positive impact on savings, while increases in public savings indicate a crowding out effect. The inflation rate implies precautionary savings, and dependency ratio savings for bequest. There are also implications for governing institutions deciding on the implementation of appropriate fiscal and monetary operations.

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Wu, Hui, and Zhanmin Zhang. "Managing Transportation Facilities in Design–Build–Finance–Operate Partnerships." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2345, no. 1 (January 2013): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2345-12.

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In recent years, transportation planning has been challenged by an increasing need for infrastructure development, a shortfall of revenue from the public sector, and political trending toward deregulation of transportation infrastructure development. These factors have led to increased interest in privatization of transportation infrastructure and the development of public–private partnerships, such as design–build–finance–operate. Although the overall goal of a transportation infrastructure project is to provide safe, reliable transportation systems for the public, parties involved in public–private partnerships take different roles and responsibilities. The public sector leads in laying out the terms and standards to regulate the obligations between the state departments of transportation and private entities. The private sector makes capital investment to provide agreed-upon services as well as to assume various investment risks, including project operational and financial risks. Toll-pricing strategies are a key component for the public sector in regulating the operation of a public–private partnership facility and for the private sector in controlling investment risks. This study investigated the applicability of deterministic dynamic optimization models for determining toll-pricing strategies that can help improve mobility, secure the public interest, and attract investment from the private sector. A case study of a design–build–finance–operate project was completed. Results showed that the proposed model provides a useful tool to assist both the public and private sectors in making more informed decisions, including study of optimal strategies to seek investment return and determination of the predefined contract regulations.

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Ismail, Suhaiza. "Profitability of Major Private Sector Companies Involved in The Private Finance Initiative Scheme." Journal of Business Management and Accounting 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 17–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jbma2011.1.1.6792.

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Private Finance Initiative (PFI) has become a widely used mechanism for delivering public services in the United Kingdom. Despite the extensive use of the PFI scheme and strong support from the private sector companies, it has often been controversial. One of the controversies is based on the claim that the private sector companies are making excessive profits from PFI projects. Hence, this paper aims at evaluating the profitability of several private sector companies which are heavily involved in the PFI projects. The analysis of the performance of private sector companies suggested that no clear evidence of excessive profits were made by the companies from their PFI involvement.

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Dr. M. Kumaraswamy, Dr M. Kumaraswamy, and Nayan J. Nayan .J. "Marketing of Housing Finance – A Comparative Study of Public and Private Sector Banks." Global Journal For Research Analysis 3, no. 3 (June 15, 2012): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778160/mar2014/78.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Private sector finance"

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Núñez-Ollero, Cynthia A. "Innovations in housing finance--private sector funds for low income housing." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69281.

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Oliveira, Miguel Ferreira Neves de. "CAPM for project finance using the portuguese public-private partnerships road sector." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10674.

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Mestrado em Finanças
Neste artigo, usando o Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) e o Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC), propõe-se uma discussão das taxas de desconto apropriadas para as parcerias público-privadas (PPPs) Portuguesas no sector rodoviário, nomeadamente na perspectiva dos investidores privados. O cálculo do custo dos capitais próprios é realizado através de duas metodologias: usando dados de empresas comparáveis e com o uso de dados públicos (Damodaran Online) sobre o setor dos transportes a nível europeu. Para além disso, concluímos que o cálculo do custo dos capitais próprios através do CAPM depende muito dos grandes níveis de alavancagem dos projectos PPP. As taxas de desconto obtidas são depois sujeitas a testes econométricos (OLS), em relação à influência de existir ou não uma maioria de accionistas estrangeiros, do tipo de pagamento ser num esquema de disponibilidade e das yields das Obrigações do Tesouro Portuguesas a 10 anos (spreads vs. Alemanha). Concluímos que as taxas de desconto apropriadas (WACC) deverão situar-se no intervalo entre os 6 e os 8% e a existência de uma maioria estrangeira ao nível dos accionistas está associada a um menor risco dos projectos e custos dos capitais próprios mais baixos, ao nível de significância de 10%.
In this article, using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC), we propose the discussion of the appropriate discount rates for the case of Portuguese public private partnerships (PPPs) in the road sector, namely from the perspective of private sector investors. Calculation of the cost of equity is performed using two different methodologies: a comparable firms approach and with the use of publicly available data (Damodaran Online) on the European transportation sector. Furthermore, we find that the CAPM cost of equity is very dependent on the high leverage of PPP projects. The computed discount rates are later subjected to econometric (OLS) testing, regarding the influence of having a foreign shareholder majority, of the availability payment scheme and of Portuguese Treasury 10 year bond yields (spreads vs. Germany). We find that the appropriate discount rates (WACC) should be in the range of 6 to 8% and that the existence of foreign shareholders is associated with lower project risk and lower costs of equity, at 10% significance level.

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Zaltom, Mohamed M. "Service quality in Libyan commercial banking sector from customers' and bankers' standpoints : a comparative study between the public and private sector." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2010. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5980/.

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Bainbridge, Bronwen. "An alternative private sector investment approach to achieve independence and resilience in KwaZulu Natal." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33666.

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Local and foreign aid and investment has been ploughed into Africa for many years with an intended purpose of eradicating poverty. Despite significant capital inputs, certain parts of Africa continue to suffer from symptoms of poverty evidenced by inequality, hunger and social decay. This study evaluated an alternative approach to investing in poverty eradication, examine the quality of life and economic impacts of family units in Kwazulu Natal, South Africa. The study employed the exploratory sequential mixed methods research approach on a sample of seven cases across four sectors. The results of the qualitative analysis identify the Inputs, Activities, Outputs, Outcomes, Measurement and Impact. The results of the quantitative analysis show that in every family unit, their poverty status reduced over the 12- month measurement period. Further analysis on specific aspects of the family's poverty status are discussed, including consumer spending and debt ratios. The findings The findings show significantly positive over the investment period. Income increased, savings increased, monthly spending power increased, and monthly debt obligations decreased. Recommended studies fo further findings are required to determine long-term impact as the investment period for the cases studies was only 12 months. Further study is also required on the internal motivation of each human involved that propels them to escape poverty at different rates using the resources available within their ecosystem. Further research on cases that use differing investment approaches is recommended in order to compare results under each research objective.

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Arratia, Juan I. "An analysis on the applicability of a private finance initiative to meet USMC engineer equipment needs." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Dec%5FArratia.pdf.

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Barnard, Nico. "The scope for private sector involvement in infrastructure development and finance in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96166.

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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
The aim of the study is to provide a framework for effective private sector participation in infrastructure development and finance, not to provide a rigid structure to guide the participation. Thus the framework is a flexible guide to guide the relationship with local governments. The study will be limited to the following aspects: - projects commissioned and managed by the local sphere of government in South Africa; - projects financed by funding outside of the national treasury budget allocations; and - infrastructure projects that may include physical infrastructure (roads), social infrastructure (clinic) and economic infrastructure (electrical substation). Even though the scope of the study may be limited, the study can provide critical insight in terms of private sector participation possibilities in infrastructure development in South Africa.

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Solwa, Imraan. "Renewable Energy IPPs in SSA – Effective use of Blended Finance." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30365.

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Blended finance (“BF”) is a form of structuring finance which involves using foreign aid to leverage commercial funding to a project. The topic is generally under researched, despite its increased importance in development finance and as a tool in attaining the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. This research set out to investigate if BF was being applied in a justified manner in private sector renewable energy (“RE”) projects in Sub-Saharan Africa (“SSA”). The first two sub-questions looked at the criteria considered when qualifying projects for BF, and the factors influencing terms offered. The final sub-question was to seek operational evidence of appropriate BF usage. Data was collected through a series of semi-structured interviews with Donors, Development Finance Institutions (“DFIs”) and research institutions and analyzed using an inductive thematic approach. A descriptive case study was used to answer the final sub-question, and involved interviews with key individuals involved with the BF approval process in the selected project. The results suggest that BF is being applied in a justified manner. Sub-question one found that there is a difference in the criteria considered by Donors and DFIs when offering BF. Donor principles appear to be broader, due to their limited engagement on individual projects and delegated investment authority to DFIs. Having a development rationale and economic case for the use of BF was a prominent theme with DFIs and Donors. Factors influencing the BF terms offered to projects were difficult to extract due to the sensitive nature of the topic. Four factors did emerge, with minimizing concessionality being an overarching theme. For the final sub-question, the Mocuba Solar project was used as a case study and provided much needed evidence on the detailed processes followed in assessing the projects need for BF and how terms were derived. This research sheds light on the project level use of BF in the SSA RE IPP context and identifies areas where improvements can be made. Having more BF case studies and an agreed definition of BF for reporting purposes were recommendations to ensure BF is applied effectively.

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Ramachander, Sangamitra. "Private sector efforts in service delivery to low income households : lessons from the telecom and finance sectors in Asia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.550558.

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This thesis examines some of the key challenges faced by the private sector in service delivery to low income and rural households, based on empirical studies in the microfinance and telecommunications (Internet and mobile telephony) sectors in Asia. The four themes addressed in the thesis are: product pricing, program implementation, client retention and, ultimately, organizational survival. In addition, a cross-cutting theme is the implication of increasing competition for consumer welfare, the financial sustainability of organizations, and sector regulation. The first chapter provides an introduction to the topic, an overview of the two organizations analyzed in the study and a brief description of each constituent chapter of the thesis. The second chapter draws from the ,microfinance sector and seeks to explain repayment and attrition among Self Help Groups (SHGs) in rural South India. The third chapter is based on the mobile telephony sector and examines the price sensitivity of mobile use among low-income households in six countries of Asia: Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. The fourth chapter is a study of 'information kiosks' and analyzes the factors associated with the survival of kiosk-franchisees in rural South India. The fifth chapter also pertains to information kiosks and considers the role of implementation in affecting kiosk performance and overall project outcomes. The sixth chapter concludes by drawing out the commonalities of the experience of the private sector in service delivery across the three contexts - micro finance, mobile telephony and information kiosks - and distills the lessons learned and possible challenges ahead for practice and policy.

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Wood, Eric. "Private sector engagement in public sector education in England, 1997-2005 : an analysis of New Labour's policy with a focus on modernisation, competitiveness and the Private Finance Initiative." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2006. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2448/.

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This thesis examines the philosophical drivers behind the education policy agenda pursued by the New Labour Government and will test the assertion that: Mrs Thatcher had a project. Blair's historic project is adjusting us to it. (Hall, S. 1998.14. p 28) The research considers the legislative policy, practice and continuities between Conservative and New Labour governments and critically analyses the 'Third Way'with particular reference to modernisation, competition and the restructuring of the welfare state in response to globalisation. The thesis also examines the growth of the private sector in state education, the development of the Private Finance Initiative in both policy and operational terms and draws conclusions about the implications for the governance of education of the trend towards a 'liberal state', where individual choice is perceived to be more effective and efficient than a model of governance based upon social values. The qualitative nature of this thesis includes consideration of the issues involved in the changing concepts of citizenship and consumerism within the evolving, redefined welfare state; examines the assertion by Marquand (2000) that incessant marketisation has generated a culture of distrust which has corroded the values of professionalism, citizenship, equity and public service and draws conclusions about accountabilities within a modern social democracy. The study includes an analysis of education legislation and a critique of policy intent in the broader context of societal impact. This incorporates an analysis of primary texts, government policy statements as well as Green and White Papers, compared and evaluated with contemporary research literature. Coupled with a case study of the Private Finance Initiative in Stoke-on-Trent the theoretical triangulation (Denzin, 1970) is combined with witness accounts of the 4 complex phenomena' associated with a Private Finance Initiative' (Adelman, 1980) and enabled cross cutting perspectives to be illuminated and the knowledge and understanding of modernisation extended. Such triangulation extends knowledge by clarifying meaning by the identification of different ways in which modernisation is perceived in both theoretical and practical terms (Silverman, 1993; Flick, 1998). The thesis considers within the reality of the case study the importance of the local democratic voice and local political actions in educational governance, including the political/professional/public interface. This leads to conclusions about the need for a modern social democracy to explore the concept of accountability to the citizen as well as the consumer of services within a framework of evolving local policy networks and emergent patterns of governance within state education. In essence this thesis examines whether it is a superficial assertion to equate the 'Third Way'with neo-liberalism (Marquand, 2000; Driver and Martell, 1998,2000; Giddens, 1998,2000) or that the plurality of 'Third Ways' have translated into operational definition, legislation and policies within a model of education which lacks a coherent and identifiable national drive and is therefore critically dependent upon local interpretation and local political response. It also reaches conclusions about the citizen - state relationship, the validity of the concept of the 'social investment state' and suggests constituent elements of a 'fourth way' as a contribution to the issue posed by Whitty, (2000), 'how can education best help reconstruct the social fabric and new concepts of citizenship - and who shall influence its design? (p 8).

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Ndlovu, Loyiso. "Increasing the Role of Private Sector in Development Opportunities in Africa using Innovative Finance Principles." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30580.

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This research examines the role of Development Financing Institutions given the increasing scale of the development needs with the advent of the SDGs. It asks how DFIs should be reviewing their role, using Innovative Finance tools and bringing on board more private sector partners into Development to achieve greater development outcomes. This qualitative study examines 82 DFIs across the African continent using secondary data from surveys and speeches referencing Innovative Finance for DFIs. The research theory is developed by applying Grounded Theory in order to develop a theory which can be used to frame the logic for increasing engagements with private sector partners. Bottom-up secondary data is utilised to develop a DFI Engagement model for making strategic choices on private sector partnerships. The data was coded for analysis with eight different coding frames for the development of data categories to inform the key themes that support the theory. The results showed that generally DFIs across the African continent are potentially missing out on opportunities for greater development through lack of external engagement in particular private sector. In addition, their use of Innovative Finance tools is limited by awareness and technical capability. The research proposes how best the private sector should be engaged through the engagement framework, and recommends potential new roles for DFIs to play in this rapidly changing landscape. Lastly recommendations are made on further areas of work for the DFI fraternity to institutionalise such recommendations.

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Books on the topic "Private sector finance"

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Odedokun, Matthew, ed. External Finance for Private Sector Development. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230524132.

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Engel, Eduardo. The basic public finance of public-private partnerships. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.

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Engel, Eduardo. The basic public finance of public-private partnerships. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.

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Aryeetey, Ernest. Informal finance for private sector development in Africa. Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: African Development Bank Group, 1998.

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K, Sharma N. Working capital management in private sector. Jaipur: Prateeksha Publications, 1988.

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Jayaraman, T. K. Financial sector development and private investment in Vanuatu. Christchurch, N.Z: Macmillan Brown Centre for Pacific Studies, 2003.

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Choudhury, Uma Datta Roy. Private corporate sector: Generation and regeneration of wealth. New Delhi: Vikas Pub. House, 1996.

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O, Odedokun M., United Nations University, and World Institute for Development Economics Research, eds. External finance for private sector development: Appraisals and issues. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.

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Owen, G. E. Private finance in the public sector: The United Kingdom. Manchester: UMIST, 1997.

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Akintola, Akintoye, and Beck Matthias 1964-, eds. Policy, finance & management for public-private partnership. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2008.

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Book chapters on the topic "Private sector finance"

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Buckley, Robert M. "The Real Sector Dimension: Constraints on Encouraging the Private Sector." In Housing Finance in Developing Countries, 146–58. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230376601_10.

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Odedokun, Matthew. "Foreign Financing of Developing Countries’ Private Sectors: Analysis and Description of Structure and Trends." In External Finance for Private Sector Development, 1–41. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230524132_1.

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Gibbon, Peter, and Lau Schulpen. "Comparative Appraisal of Multilateral and Bilateral Approaches to Financing Private Sector Development." In External Finance for Private Sector Development, 42–91. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230524132_2.

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Jimoh, Ayodele. "Bilateral Official and Non-Governmental Organizations’ Support for Private Sector Development." In External Finance for Private Sector Development, 92–123. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230524132_3.

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Mavrotas, George. "Multilateral Development Banks and Private Sector Financing: The Case of IFC." In External Finance for Private Sector Development, 124–46. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230524132_4.

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Nissanke, Machiko. "Donors’ Support for Microcredit as Social Enterprise: A Critical Reappraisal." In External Finance for Private Sector Development, 147–79. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230524132_5.

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Akinkugbe, Oluyele. "Flow of Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries: A Two-part Econometric Modelling Approach." In External Finance for Private Sector Development, 180–206. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230524132_6.

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Hermes, Niels, Robert Lensink, and Victor Murinde. "Flight Capital and its Reversal for Development Financing." In External Finance for Private Sector Development, 207–33. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230524132_7.

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Odedokun, Matthew. "The ‘Pull’ and ‘Push’ Factors in North–South Private Capital Flows: Conceptual Issues and Empirical Estimates." In External Finance for Private Sector Development, 234–70. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230524132_8.

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Wang, Zhikai. "The Role of Public Finance in Pushing Forward the New Type of Urbanization." In Private Sector Development and Urbanization in China, 203–15. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-47327-1_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Private sector finance"

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Mocanu, Natalia. "Improving the financing policy in the agricultural sector." In 4th Economic International Conference "Competitiveness and Sustainable Development". Technical University of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52326/csd2022.33.

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Any action to establish a new company or to develop an existing one determines a potential financial imbalance. Before triggering the formation of the new patrimonial structure, it is necessary to turn to finances. The main contribution of private finance to the foundation of the decision to establish a new enterprise consists in overcoming the initial financial imbalance, in balancing the need for funds, required by the new patrimonial structure with appropriate capital sources.

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Japarova, Damira. "The Public and Private Health Sectors in Kyrgyzstan and Prospects for their Cooperation." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00815.

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The public sector does not provide funding for the program of state guarantees. Private sector where high levels of profitability and higher prices. The purpose of public-private partnerships in health care – the preservation and improvement of the health status of the population. In Kyrgyzstan, the investment in health infrastructure of the state are planned. The private investor can build a building and provide meals for patients as required by the hospital. Require opening a public-private laboratories for urgent tests at each hospital and clinic. To finance the public-private partnership in the health sector can be used in co-financing, guarantee the payment rate for OMS services.

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Yılmaz, Naci, and Bora Selçuk. "Finance Sector In the Eurasia Economies During and After 2008 Global Crisis." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c01.00188.

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As in the other countries around the world, banking systems in Eurasia economies, comprised of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, were adversely affected by the 2008 global crisis; A common challenge across most economies is to revive private-sector credit growth. Compared with the high increases of 80 percent in the period immediately prior to the crisis, credit growth has slowed sharply and even turned negative in real terms in a number of economies. Governments in many countries have taken measures to address banking sector stress. The measures for restoring credit growth and thus a high economic growth will be discussed in a part of our work. In the short run, such measures include aiding banks to repair balance sheets and also providing liquidity. In the medium term, measures should promote de-dollarization and the development of local debt markets.

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Jovanović, Zoran. "JAVNO-PRIVATNO PARTNERSTVO U LOKALNIM SAMOUPRAVAMA U REPUBLICI SRBIJI." In XV Majsko savetovanje: Sloboda pružanja usluga i pravna sigurnost. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xvmajsko.697j.

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Establishing partnerships between public and private sector at the local level represents an efficient way of resolving the infrastructural issues and providing public services. Since the local budgets are overdraft, they cannot finance the construction of new roads, schools, hospitals, etc., so the local governments have found the solution to these problems by establishing the partnerships with private sector. The number of public-private partnerships has been significantly increased in recent years in the Republic of Serbia after overcoming the initial obstacles, mostly related to the problem of insufficient number of skilled staff working in the city administrations and local governments, as well as of finding an adequate partner in private sector. In this paper the author reviews the concept of public-private partnerships at the local level, the preconditions and obstacles for their realization, as well as the completed projects of this kind in Serbia and some other countries.

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Selvi Hanişoğlu, Gülay, and Fidan Güler. "Analysis of Housing Finance Systems in Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c09.01964.

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Housing Finance system has provided funds to households and organizations for buying their homes and premises. There are different type of housing finance systems which are applied by different countries. Housing finance systems can be more efficient, if private sector and public sector work together and harmoniously. Housing Finance system has made considerable progress in Turkey in the last 20 years. Before housing finance system was developed in Turkey, people could have bought houses by combining their retirement allowances and savings. Another method for financing their house, people could have borrowed from relatives or close friends along with their own savings. The Mass Housing Law (Law No: 2985) entered into force in 1984.The main target of the law, to find a solution of the housing problem in Turkey. Law also determines the tasks of the Housing Development Administration (TOKİ). After 2000’s Turkish Banks began to extend long term housing loans, but there was not mortgage system. Due to inadequate saving and income levels, it was not easy to use banking finance system for the low and middle income groups. In 2007, new legal regulations come into force, which is called Mortgage Law, for improving legal framework for borrowers and lenders in the primary markets and also made regulations for integrating primary mortgage market to the capital markets. In our paper, the finance methods and improvements in the housing finance in Turkey have been analyzed evaluating legal regulations and also the methods which is used by banks and other related institutions.

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MUHARREMI, Oltiana, Lorena CAKERRI, and Filloreta MADANI. "Impact of Fiscal Decentralization Reforms in Albania." In Current Trends in Public Sector Research. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9646-2020-10.

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Decentralization and fiscal decentralization constitute one of the most followed trends for political and economic reform in recent years around the world. Albania, in the 1990s, begins its process of transitioning from a centralized economy to a free-market economy. This process is accompanied by transforming existing economic mechanisms and infrastructure to better function the free-markets model, but above all, with the need to develop and create new legal, institutional, economic, and social instruments and spaces to increase the allocation and efficiency of public and private resources. The objective of this study is to give an appropriate answer to the question: What has been the impact of decentralization reforms on the performance of public services provided by local government? The research paper will focus on the role that improvements and legislative changes play in the country's economic growth. Within the past two decades, progress is made in advancing decentralization reform, but there are still many challenges ahead, such as the lack of a clear legal and regulatory framework. Adding to that concern is the financial autonomy of local governments, which remains a challenge for the future. The research methodology used will be a descriptive analysis of data obtained from the Ministry of Finance and Economy and local municipalities on the impact of the reforms. Recommendations and suggestions will be given on the reforming process, as well as ways to increase the efficiency of local government units.

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Ramsey, David, and Mounir El Asmar. "Analysis of Funding Sources for Design-Build-Finance (DBF) Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Projects in the U.S. Transportation Sector: An Ongoing National Study." In Construction Research Congress 2016. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479827.034.

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Galily, Daniel, and David Schwartz. "Municipal companies and city associations – Political economics in the local government in Israel." In 7th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.07.18185g.

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This study aims to present the municipal companies and city associations – political economics in the local government in Israel. The perception of the local governments has already changed, and they do not see their mission only as of the supply of municipal services according to law. The competitive environment in which they operate brings about an orientation of the improvement of the quality of life in the community, the extension and variety of the sources of employment, the development of infrastructures, and the improvement of the image. The main points in the article are: The Urban Development; Reciprocal Relations with the Private Sector; Project Finance; Taxation; Management Techniques; Diversification of Areas of Action of the Local Governments; and Association of Cities.

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Nasto, Kostandin, and Junada Sulillari. "Public-private partnerships: A profitability analysis of the partnerships in the energy sector in Albania." In Corporate governance: Fundamental and challenging issues in scholarly research. Virtus Interpress, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgfcisrp18.

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The aim of this study is to realize an analysis of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in Albania. Our focus will mainly be the PPPs in the energy sector. Public-private partnerships contracts have experienced a significant increase in the last decades in Albania. They have had a great impact on public finances of the country, this is why they have often been “attacked” for the negative impact that they might have on the actual and especially the future of the country. We will work to make a comparative analysis of the cost and benefits that Albania has had from signing these contracts. We will also work to analyze the management of these public-private partnerships during the pandemics, which will be helpful to reveal the possible difficulties that the government might have in managing them. Something that has inspired us to make a deeper analysis of them is related to the energy crises that the country has experienced in the last years. We want to “dig” deeper in order to see if these PPPs are really worth it or not. Is it worth or it brings a burden for the actual and future generations of Albania?

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Kale, Sandip, and S. N. Sapali. "Private Engineering Education Scenario in India." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-39952.

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In India, government aided and private engineering institutes provide engineering education. Government aided institutes include Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), National Institutes of Technology (NITs), Regional Engineering Colleges (RECs) and government engineering colleges. Ten percent of the total students get education in government-aided institutes and are globally accepted too. Remaining ninety percent of the total students get education in private self-financed engineering institutes. To meet the increasing demand of engineers from various industrial sectors, a quantitative growth of private engineering institutes took place with an average annual intake capacity of four hundred to five hundred students. With increasing annual intake capacity, the trend of vacant seats in private engineering institutes is also increasing rapidly year wise. Indian industry demands many engineers, but only a few students passed out from private institutes are employable. There is a challenge to build the gap between what industries are looking for the engineers and the education provided in the institutes. In this article, the authors have tried to frame the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis and recommend some remedial actions needed for private engineering institutes in India.

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Reports on the topic "Private sector finance"

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Lenhardt, Amanda. Private Sector Development Finance to Support the ‘Missing Middle’. Institute of Development Studies, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.106.

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Evidence indicates that business support to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in lower middle-income countries (LMICs) can improve firms’ performance, create jobs, and have a positive effect on labour productivity (Piza et al., 2016). The impacts of some approaches to private sector finance such as traditional loans, grants and technical assistance have been studied empirically, but there is limited evidence of the impacts of non-traditional and innovative financing instruments (Mallen & Bungey, 2019; Piza et al., 2016). Studies of financial instruments to support SMEs in LICs and LMICs tend to focus on particular markets or adaptations to traditional funding models rather than targeted outcomes such as sustainable employment creation (Mallen & Bungey, 2019). This report explores evidence on the effectiveness of financing options available to bilateral donors to promote private sector development (PSD) in LIMCs, however the evidence base for most financing instruments is extremely limited and much of the evidence is more than 5 years old. The report seeks to provide a (non-comprehensive) list of available Overseas Development Assistance (ODA) eligible options and a more detailed examination of those options for which evidence was identified for this review. An open search for evidence on PSD interventions to support SMEs in LMICs and LICs was carried out, followed by a targeted search of interventions seeking to support medium-sized enterprises (the ‘missing middle’) in Zambia specifically. The report begins with a brief overview of the ‘missing middle’ challenge in Zambia. Section 3 explores recent trends in bilateral finance for PSD. The remaining sections of the report explore available evidence on the effectiveness of specific interventions: credit guarantees, matching grants, equity investment and permanent capital vehicles, mezzanine finance, and funds of funds.

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Price, Roz. Private Sector Investment in the Clean Energy Sector in the Pacific Islands. Institute of Development Studies, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.132.

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Most Pacific small island developing states (SIDS) have ambitious renewable energy targets which call for huge investment, a significant part of which is expected to come from the private sector (IFC, 2021). Although there are around 40 renewable energy projects across the Pacific SIDS either already operating, under construction, or planned for commissioning in the next decade, they are still heavily reliant on imported fuel. Given the huge funding gap in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and climate objectives in developing countries, private financing has been advocated for as the solution for the shortfall, as it has a large pool of capital available and catalytic properties that could effectively scale-up the “reach” and the scope of influence of public financing (Samuwai, 2021). Private sector partners are particularly critical to supporting SIDS as they often struggle to access international capital markets due to their high debt levels, lack of creditworthiness or small market size (UN-OHRLLS, 2022). However, there is still a general lack of private sector financing in the renewable energy sector in the Pacific SIDS (PIFS, 2018; Samuwai, 2021). Whether private finance mobilisation for clean energy is realistic at the scales needed in the Pacific SIDS is not answered clearly in the literature, although much of it is based on the assumption that there is no real alternative to private sector investment. This rapid review hence explores some of the key drivers, constraints and opportunities to the mobilisation and scale-up of this private sector investment.

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Walters, Terri, Neha Rai, Sean Esterly, Sadie Cox, Tim Reber, Maliha Muzammil, Tasfiq Mahmood, et al. Policies to Spur Energy Access. Executive Summary; Volume 1, Engaging the Private Sector in Expanding Access to Electricity; Volume 2, Case Studies to Public-Private Models to Finance Decentralized Electricity Access. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1225524.

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Granada, Isabel, Pier Saraceno, and Anna Camilo. The Importance of Financial Information in the Transport Sector: an Encouragement to New Outlooks and Perspectives in Light of the IDB's Vision 2025. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004152.

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Services in the transport sector in Latin America & the Caribbean are provided mainly by private enterprises of different sizes. However, as technical transport specialists, our knowledge and understanding of their management strategies and financial objectives remains limited. Most of the sectorial attention is rightly dedicated to the analysis of the effectiveness and efficiency of the products/services provided by companies, leaving out of the picture the focus on the “business” side of their structures and operations. Such lack of awareness can be linked to several reasons. But one of the motives that mostly hinder transport practitioners from further analyzing these aspects is the ability to speak the private companies “financial language”. Engineers, planners, and even economists are not always familiar with the instruments of financial analysis, management accounting or corporate finance; concepts that are at the core of this language. When it comes to financial analysis, sectors practitioners are mainly biased in thinking about PPPs issues and project finance. This is certainly not a fault per se! However, such a narrow focus can unquestionably represent an obstacle to the full comprehension of the phenomena and rationales that impact the sectors functioning

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Ghafoor, Abdul, Md Abul Basher, Hammad Badar, and Sangjun Lee. Building Horticulture Value Chains and Reducing Postharvest Losses in Pakistan. Asian Development Bank, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/brf220545-2.

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This brief explains why weaknesses in Pakistan’s fruit and vegetable production sector are contributing to postharvest losses and outlines how stronger infrastructure and regulations can improve value chains and support development. It offers a comprehensive value chain analysis for products including apples, chilies, and potatoes, and explains the impact of factors such as inadequate storage, transport, packaging, and finance. It recommends that the government works with the private sector to develop modern agriculture markets, overhaul financing for growers, improve infrastructure and strengthen linkages throughout the value chain to cut losses and make the sector more sustainable.

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Yao, Yixin, Mingyuan Fan, Arnaud Heckmann, and Corazon Posadas. Transformative Solutions and Green Finance in the People’s Republic of China and Mongolia. Asian Development Bank Institute, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/xfvh2542.

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Asia has experienced widespread transformation and growth, accompanied by increased demographic pressure, greater intensification of agricultural production, industrialization, and urbanization. This economic growth has been very resource- and carbon-intensive, while climate change has triggered or exacerbated behaviors and defense mechanisms that have come at the expense of the natural environment. Therefore, we examine and compare three Asian Development Bank (ADB) projects in two member countries of the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation: one in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and two in Mongolia that relate to sustainable green development and use innovative financial mechanisms, and behavior-changing nudges. We provide comparative analyses and aim to demonstrate effective, innovative, and sustainable green finance and green transformation approaches in these two countries to address these pressures. The ADB–PRC loan for the Anhui Huangshan Xin’an River Ecological Protection and Green Development project aims to help Huangshan municipality reduce water pollution in the Xin’an River Basin, which is part of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The project is piloting innovative green financing mechanisms to reduce rural pollution and complement the ongoing interprovincial eco-compensation scheme while supporting green agroecological businesses through two interventions: the Green Investment Fund and the Green Incentive Mechanism. In Mongolia, ADB and the Government of Mongolia have developed two large-scale transformative projects using integrated design and innovative green financing mechanisms to leverage private sector investment: (i) Aimags and Soums Green Regional Development Investment Program, which aims to promote green urban–rural linkages, green agribusiness development, natural capital, rangeland regeneration, and soil carbon sequestration through the (ii) Ulaanbaatar Green Affordable Housing and Resilient Urban Renewal Project, which aims to transform Ulaanbaatar’s vulnerable and substandard peri-urban areas into low-carbon, resilient eco-districts that provide access to green affordable housing.

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Sembler, Jose Ignacio, Regina Legarreta, Ernesto Cuestas, Roni Szwedzki, Sumiko Andrade Sakaguchi, Damian Galinsky, Fernando Barbosa, et al. Approach Paper: Evaluation of IDB Invest. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004463.

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This approach paper defines the objectives, scope, and methodology for the evaluation of IDB Invest by the Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE). At the 2015 annual meeting in Busan, the Boards of Governors of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the Inter-American Investment Corporation (IIC) decided to consolidate the IDB Group's private sector operations into the IIC. This decision was accompanied by a US$2.03 billion capital increase for the IIC over a 10-year period (2016-2025). This process of consolidation and capitalization, known as the private sector merge-out, took effect on 1 January 2016. In 2017, OVE completed a midterm review of implementation of the private sector merge-out to identify emerging lessons that might be helpful in completing the merge-out. In November 2017, the IIC was rebranded as IDB Invest. At the request of the Boards of Executive Directors of the IDB and IDB Invest, this evaluation was included in OVE's 2021-2022 work program. The Busan Resolution set forth a “Renewed Vision” for promoting development through the private sector. This Renewed Vision provides a long-term framework (2016-2025) for IDB Invest and focuses on strengthening development effectiveness, development impact, and additionality of operations, as well as maximizing the efficient use of resources and synergies between the IDB Group's public and private sector activities. The merge-out was selected as the way to implement this Renewed Vision. The challenges posed by the COVID-19 health crisis, as well as current discussions on the need to pursue a new business model for the institution and its financial and operational implications, make this an ideal moment to take stock of lessons learned and provide input for future discussions at the corporate level. Against this backdrop, this evaluation seeks to report independently to the Boards of Executive Directors of the IDB and IDB Invest on the effectiveness of the implementation to date of the Renewed Vision that gave rise to the creation of IDB Invest. This evaluation will also use the findings of OVE's 2017 midterm review of implementation of the merge-out to further analyze areas that had not yet matured at that time (e.g., finance, operations management, development effectiveness, etc.). The evaluation will cover the period from January 2016 (when the merge-out took effect) to December 2021.

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Almeida, Juliana, and Rossemary Yurivilca. 2020 IDB Climate Finance. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003253.

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Under the current IDBG Corporate Results Framework (CRF) 2020-2023 (https://crf.iadb.org/en), the IDB committed to reach 30% of the total amount approved (including all lending operations) of climate finance during this period. In 2020, the IDB Group - composed of the IDB, IDB Lab (formerly the Multilateral Investment Fund) and IDB Invest - approved US$3.9 billion in climate finance as per the MDB climate finance tracking methodology. This resource is aimed at development activities carried out by the public and private sectors that reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and thus mitigate climate change, and/or that reduce vulnerability to climate change and contribute to an adaptation process. This amount represented 19.5% of the IDB Groups total approved amount for 2020. The IDB only climate finance in 2020 was 15%, equivalent to US$ 2 billion. If the COVID-19 related investments are excluded, the IDB climate finance reached 30%. Changes in demand from countries to respond to the pandemic affected the overall climate finance results by shifting the priority to social and fiscal sectors and to projects that could provide faster liquidity.

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Brice, Jeremy. Investment, power and protein in sub-Saharan Africa. Edited by Tara Garnett. TABLE, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56661/d8817170.

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The place of protein in sub-Saharan Africa’s food system is changing rapidly, raising complex international development, global health and environmental sustainability issues. Despite substantial growth in the region’s livestock agriculture sector, protein consumption per capita remains low, and high levels of undernourishment persist. Meanwhile sub-Saharan Africa’s population is growing and urbanising rapidly, creating expectations that demand for protein will increase rapidly over the coming decades and triggering calls for further investment in the expansion and intensification of the region’s meat and dairy sector. However, growing disquiet over the environmental impacts of further expansion in livestock numbers, and growing sales of alternative protein products in the Global North, has raised questions about the future place of plant-based, insect and lab-grown proteins in African diets and food systems. This report examines financial investment in protein production in sub-Saharan Africa. It begins from the position that investors play an important role in shaping the development of diets and food systems because they are able to mobilise the financial resources required to develop new protein products, infrastructures and value chains, or to prevent their development by withholding investment. It therefore investigates which actors are financing the production in sub-Saharan Africa of: a) animal proteins such as meat, fish, eggs and dairy products; b) ‘protein crops’ such as beans, pulses and legumes; and c) processed ‘alternative proteins’ derived from plants, insects, microbes or animal cells grown in a tissue culture. Through analysing investment by state, philanthropic and private sector organisations – as well as multilateral financial institutions such as development banks – it aims to establish which protein sources and stages of the value chain are financed by different groups of investors and to explore the values and goals which shape their investment decisions. To this end, the report examines four questions: 1. Who is currently investing in protein production in sub-Saharan Africa? 2. What goals do these investors aim to achieve (or what sort of future do they seek to bring about) through making these investments? 3. Which protein sources and protein production systems do they finance? 4. What theory of change links their investment strategy to these goals? In addressing these questions, this report explores what sorts of protein production and provisioning systems different investor groups might be helping to bring into being in sub-Saharan Africa. It also considers what alternative possibilities might be marginalised due to a lack of investment. It thus seeks to understand whose priorities, preferences and visions for the future of food might be informing the changing place of protein in the region’s diets, economies and food systems.

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Morandi, Paula, and Amy Lewis. 2021 IDB Climate Finance Database. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004645.

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Under the current IDBG Corporate Results Framework (CRF) 2020-2023 (https://crf.iadb.org/en), the IDB committed to reach 30% of the total amount approved (including all lending operations) of climate finance during this period. In 2021, the IDB Group - composed of the IDB, IDB Lab (formerly the Multilateral Investment Fund) and IDB Invest - approved US$6 billion in climate finance as per the MDB climate finance tracking methodology. This resource is aimed at development activities carried out by the public and private sectors that reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and thus mitigate climate change, and/or that reduce vulnerability to climate change and contribute to an adaptation process. The IDB only climate finance in 2021 was equivalent to US$ 4.5 billion.

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