Journal articles: 'Private police'

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Button, Mark, and Alison Wakefield. "Private Investigation and Policing." Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice 15, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 2111–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/paac003.

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Stewart, James K. "Public Safety and Private Police." Public Administration Review 45 (November 1985): 758. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3135033.

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Eisenbach-Stangl, Irmgard. "A Private Police Against Drugs?" Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy 11, no. 3 (June 2004): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09687630410001669644.

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Christián, László, and Mahesh K. Nalla. "Citizens’ Views of Private Security Guards in Hungary: A Preliminary Analysis." Magyar Rendészet 18, no. 4 (December 16, 2018): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32577/mr.2018.4.6.

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One of the features of emerging markets is the potential for an expanded role for the private police – a substitute crime prevention strategy in times of rapid decline in state funding of public police, has become commonplace in countries around the world. While much research has explored the citizens’ assessment of police officers, we know little about how the public perceives private security guards (PSGs). In this paper, we assess the citizens’ perceptions of private security guards. Drawing data from 800 citizens in Budapest, Hungary, we assess if factors such as citizens’ contact experience and their perceptions about the guards’ professionalism, imagery and civility influences their views about their obligation to obey private police officers. Findings of policy implications are discussed.

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Gottschalk, Petter. "Evaluation of Fraud Examinations: A Contingent Approach to Private Internal Investigations." Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice 13, no. 4 (September 6, 2017): 386–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/pax052.

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Abstract The business of private internal investigations by external fraud examiners has grown remarkably in recent decades. Law firms and auditing firms are hired by private and public organizations to reconstruct the past when there is suspicion of misconduct and potential financial crime. This article has presented an empirical study of 49 private internal investigations in Norway that were publicly available. A contingent approach to investigations was applied, where private investigations at later stages are facing different mandates than investigations at earlier stages in the criminal justice system. This research has been exploratory by indicating that fraud examiners make a higher level contribution at later stages in the criminal justice system.

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Dore, Mayane, Gabriel Bayarri, and Daniel Marías. "Pacifying Police Units and private interests in Brazil." Revista de Estudios en Seguridad Internacional 6, no. 2 (December 8, 2020): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18847/1.12.8.

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This article analyzes a concrete policy in the framework of Brazilian Public Security: the Pacifying Police Units (UPPs). It describes this policy and justifies, through an ethnographic case study, how the so-called “pacification of the favelas” articulates a logic of neoliberal urbanism and police infrastructure, understanding the residents of the favelas as potential consumers of their services. The article contextualizes the UPPs model as a paradigmatic case of public security in Latin America in which the discourse of violence/pacification is the main catalyst for private investments. More specifically, the article demonstrates how private companies resort to proximity conflicts mediation as a way of avoiding the judicialization of conflicts with the residents after the “Pacification”. With this case, we expect to illustrate the patrimonialism and clientelism that shapes the Brazilian State and its ambiguous relationships between private and public interests.

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Jung, Woo Yeol, and Hyeon Su Kim. "Research on cooperation measures between autonomous police and private security." Korean Society of Private Security 23, no. 2 (June 30, 2024): 57–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.56603/jksps.2024.23.2.57.

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Korean society is realizing decentralization and democratization in accordance with the ideology of local autonomy, and is growing and developing into an advanced welfare state. In this process, citizens expect the police to relieve their fears and fears from crime and provide better quality public security services. However, as society progresses, crime patterns are becoming more widespread, more sophisticated, and more violent. In this environment, it would be difficult to leave local security issues to the police independently. Autonomous police must establish a cooperative relationship with residents so that they can discuss local security issues with local residents and find solutions. Until recently, the argument that the police and private security forces should jointly solve local security problems is gaining ground. From this perspective, this study seeks to find solutions to local security problems through collaboration between autonomous police and private security guards. First, a detailed and scientific analysis of cooperation between private security and autonomous police based on the characteristics of the community is needed. Second, clear legal standards must be established for private security to participate and collaborate in autonomous police activities, and the police must establish more open administration and mutual trust while paying attention to the motivations for private security participation in autonomous police in order to prepare cooperation measures. Third, facilities must be established so that private security guards can receive systematic security training, and private education and training must be advanced. Fourth, incentives are needed to motivate private security organizations. In order for cooperation between autonomous police and private security to be established, it is important to involve private security in autonomous police activities of the autonomous police and their opinions should be actively reflected. For the police, consideration and interest in private security are more important than anything else in order to establish an autonomous police system with private security. Fifth, with regard to the legal status of private security guards, it is possible to give status and authority to the same tasks as special security services among private security services, and to replace the autonomous police or add a new type of security service that can perform quasi-police work. In addition, residents should have an attitude of effective cooperation with active participation and trust in the autonomous police system.

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Welsh, Brandon C., Eric L. Piza, Amanda L. Thomas, and David P. Farrington. "Private Security and Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) Surveillance: A Systematic Review of Function and Performance." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 36, no. 1 (November 24, 2019): 56–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986219890192.

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Private security personnel play an important but largely overlooked role in the operation of closed-circuit television (CCTV) surveillance to prevent crime in public and private areas. This role can take a number of forms, including active monitoring of cameras. Drawing upon a global database of CCTV evaluations ( N = 165), this article examines the function and performance of private security personnel as related to the effectiveness of CCTV. Findings indicate that CCTV schemes operated by private security personnel generated larger crime prevention effects than those operated by police or those using a mix of police and security personnel. Policy and research implications are discussed.

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Park, Suhyeon, Younhoon Cho, and Suhong Jeong. "Changes in Private Security with Changes in the PUBLIC SAFETY Environment." J-Institute 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2016): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22471/police.2016.1.2.26.

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Gurinskaya, Anna, and Mahesh K. Nalla. "Citizen Satisfaction With Private Police in Russia: Does Satisfaction With Public Police Matter?" Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 36, no. 1 (November 24, 2019): 4–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986219890210.

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In this study, we assess citizens’ satisfaction with private security guards (PSGs) and whether contact experience and their assessment about the guards’ competence in their work and procedural fairness in their interactions influence their satisfaction. We also examine whether their general satisfaction with public police mediates the factors that influence their satisfaction with PSGs. Results from a sample of 364 respondents from the city of St. Petersburg show that citizens come in contact with private police in large numbers as they do with public police. Findings suggest that citizens’ judgments of effectiveness and procedural fairness of private police appear to be the strongest predictors of citizens’ satisfaction with PSGs. In addition, respondents’ satisfaction with private police on various dimensions of professionalism, effectiveness, and procedural fairness of PSGs is partially mediated by citizen satisfaction with public police, a finding that does not hold for those who had contact with PSGs. We discuss implications in light of strengthening training protocols by incorporating procedural justice issues to highlight citizen-guard interactions, as well as to enhance self-legitimacy of guards.

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Griffiths, Michael. "Police Right of Entry to Private Premises." Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles 69, no. 2 (April 1996): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032258x9606900204.

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Topping, Ivan. "The Private Life of a Police Officer." Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles 70, no. 1 (January 1997): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032258x9707000102.

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Nalla, Mahesh K., and Cedrick G. Heraux. "Assessing goals and functions of private police." Journal of Criminal Justice 31, no. 3 (May 2003): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0047-2352(03)00005-9.

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Johnston, Les, Mark Button, and Tom Williamson. "Police, governance and the Private Finance Initiative." Policing and Society 18, no. 3 (September 2008): 225–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10439460802028999.

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Lister, S. "Adam White (2010). THE POLITICS of PRIVATE SECURITY: REGULATION, REFORM and RE-LEGITIMATION." Policing 6, no. 4 (August 20, 2012): 332–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/pas031.

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Lee, Chang-Hun, and Ilhong Yun. "Factors affecting police officers’ tendency to cooperate with private investigators." Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management 37, no. 4 (November 11, 2014): 712–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-10-2013-0101.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that influence police officers’ tendency to cooperate with private investigators. Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire survey method was used on a sample of 377 police officers in South Korea. Findings – The findings suggested that, unlike previous literature, police officers’ rational choice (cost vs benefit calculation) was the most important factor, and characteristics of cases also significantly influenced police officers’ tendency to work with private investigators. Also, officers’ job assignment was relevant, unlike the organizational cultural context for cooperation. Originality/value – Prior studies have continuously emphasized the importance of cooperation between public police and private police (particularly private investigators) in order to enhance effectiveness in crime fighting and the preventive functions of policing. However, the studies have not produced empirical evidence as to how cooperation between the two sectors could be enhanced. This study fills this void in the literature.

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Ghazvini, Mohammad Farajiha. "Respect for a Victim's Privacy during Police Procedure." Police Journal: Theory, Practice and Principles 75, no. 1 (March 2002): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0032258x0207500107.

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Privacy has been an important element in the protection of civil liberties, used by religious and political dissenters to censor state action and maintain a sphere of freedom of action by restraining the powers of the state vis-à-vis the individual. Many countries expressly protect rights of privacy in their constitutions. However, there is a concrete quality about the concept of privacy not least in the language of everyday life which takes for granted personal, internal worlds. Our relationships with others rest on the recognition of those, and of our own private identity.

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Ocqueteau, Frédéric, and Marie-Lys Pottier. "Comment règle-t-on le problème du vol à l'étalage dans les espaces commerciaux français ?" Criminologie 31, no. 2 (September 1, 2005): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017419ar.

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Based on the quantitative data derived from the files of various large shopping centers in France, a set of criminal events (i.e. shop-lefting) are analysed. The article meets two concerns : (1) assessing the autonomy of private police via a calculation of the proportion of non-referals of cases to the police and to court and (2) understanding the signification given by private police agents to practices of externalisation of disputes. The key determinant relativising the concept of private policing is the confidence negotiated by the directors of large distribution organizations with public police. In fact, private regulation is not necessarily contradictory with legality, if public actors define their rules on private spaces receiving the public, in matter of policing, after having taken the exact measure of the incidents which affect them.

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Stewart, Hamish. "Kantian Police." New Criminal Law Review 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2014.17.1.1.

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Limits on consent in penal law flow not just from traditional criminal law problems such as consensual harms in the law of assault, but also from the way that regulatory offenses limit individuals’ ability to contract out of or to consent to departures from their requirements. For a Kantian who understands the justification of public power as connected only to the task of providing a rightful condition for free and purposive agents, these limits, and the police power from which they flow, are puzzling. It is not obvious, for example, how a fully consensual departure from a safety regulation or the mere possession of a firearm is inconsistent with the freedom and purposiveness of all. The possibility of penally enforced regulatory law, of Kantian police, can be explained as follows. The task of a legal order in a rightful condition includes the enactment of those public laws that are required for the creation or maintenance of a rightful condition but that cannot be understood purely in terms of protecting one private person’s purposiveness from the intrusion of other private persons. The regulatory law that is justified by these public tasks will frequently have a paternalistic appearance and therefore will frequently disregard the consent of the persons to whom it applies. But these limits on consent are characteristically by-products of its necessarily public nature rather than part of its justification.

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Janković, Bojan, and Vladimir Cvetković. "Attitudes of members of private security about the police." Bezbednost, Beograd 64, no. 2 (2022): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bezbednost2202005j.

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Scientific literature includes numerous studies of citizens' perceptions of the police. However, the question arises as to how the police are seen by members of priv ate security, who perform similar security tasks as police officers. The results of the survey, which involved 178 members of private security services, indicate that they have a high opinion of the police and its members. It is noticeable that older members of private security have a slightly better opinion of members of the police than their younger colleagues. This indicates that more work should be done with younger members of the private security, not only as part of the courses f or private security, but also later, during the service. There is certainly a need to insist more on joint trainings, both in order to increase trust and to get to know the procedures that the services are undertaking.

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Holtzman, Benjamin. "Expanding the Thin Blue Line: Resident Patrols and Private Security in Late Twentieth-Century New York." Modern American History 3, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mah.2020.1.

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In the late 1960s and 1970s, New York City experienced escalating crime alongside residents’ growing frustration with the inability of municipal officials and the police to curtail it. These forces led a range of New Yorkers, from those in low-income neighborhoods to those in business districts, to sidestep the police and reimagine their responses to crime. Increasingly, everyday residents formed neighborhood patrols and hired guards, while businesses and institutions employed private security forces. These developments forged a new role for private actors in the patrolling of city streets. Over time, as resident patrols waned and as security guards proliferated, the private sector gained significant new capacities to surveil and police public space. Additionally, by formalizing a cooperative relationship with private security forces, the New York police and municipal authorities captured these private resources for the expansion of the carceral state.

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White, Adam. "What is the Privatization of Policing?" Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice 14, no. 3 (November 8, 2018): 766–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/pay085.

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Abstract The politics of austerity have deepened market penetration across the UK policing sector, bringing into effect an array of new policing assemblages which cut across the public–private divide like never before and defy simple categorization. However, public discourse has not kept pace with this fast-changing reality, all too often reducing these assemblages into an amorphous singularity–‘privatization’–towards which one is either unambiguously for or against. This article accordingly sets out the analytical tools for developing a more nuanced discourse on the privatization of policing. It first develops a new typology of privatization across five categories: function, formulation of private sphere, trigger of privatization, regulatory influence of the state, and relationship to the ideal-type police monopoly. It then operationalizes this typology using four recent examples of privatization drawn from the UK policing sector. It lastly clarifies how this typology can be used to inform discourse on the privatization of policing.

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Lippert, Randy K., Kevin Walby, and Mathew Zaia. "Managing Risk and Preempting Immorality in Private Employment of Public Police." Social & Legal Studies 28, no. 6 (November 18, 2018): 794–816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0964663918810375.

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This article examines risk management and moral regulation of private employment of public police (or PEPP). Drawing on a study of 104 North American police departments and analysis of interviews with police and private employers, police policies and procedures, and police assignment logs, we first identify PEPP contexts. We then argue that risk management is as much of as by public police officers. This risk management is sometimes preempted by moral regulation of police officers focused on objects, spaces, and suspect employers and which partially aims to preserve police legitimacy. We then discern four means of managing risk: department-coordinated assignments, officer reporting for superior assessment, private user liability insurance for temporarily hired officers, and opportunistic third-party commercial brokers. The article makes an empirical contribution by exploring risk management and moral regulation of PEPP and a conceptual contribution by lending more understanding to risk management and moral regulation in sociolegal studies.

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Puck, Logan. "Uneasy Partners Against Crime: The Ambivalent Relationship Between the Police and the Private Security Industry in Mexico." Latin American Politics and Society 59, no. 1 (2017): 74–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/laps.12011.

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AbstractLegitimation is a fraught process for private security companies operating in Mexico and other countries in the Global South where the police have a poor reputation. Mexican private security companies have an ambivalent relationship with the police, which causes firms to engage in two seemingly contradictory practices. Companies attempt to gain legitimacy by aligning with the image of the police to earn a sense of “symbolic stateness” while simultaneously distancing themselves from Mexico's actual police forces so as to disassociate from the institution's poor reputation. Consequently, collaboration between public and private security is limited, despite official attempts by the Mexican state to foster positive contact between them. Overall, this study contributes to the growing literature on private security by providing novel insights into the strategies private security firms utilize to navigate within states possessing delegitimated security forces, and the resulting lucrative political economy landscape.

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Matvejevs, Aleksandrs. "NON-STATE SUBJECTS IN POLICE ACTIVITIES." Administrative and Criminal Justice 2, no. 83 (September 20, 2018): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/acj.v2i83.3452.

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In this article, the author considers the non-state subjects of the police activity. In the article sums the position theoretical inclusion of civil structures in the law-enforcement system taking into account modern tendencies of development of relations in the Republic of Latvia, namely: the state policy of development and support of the institutions of civil society. Police activities are carried out by various actors: the police, public organizations, private enterprises, individual citizens. Together, they form a system of subjects of police activity, defining the place in which the police bodies occupy themselves as special executive bodies.

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Song, Hyejin. "A Study on Regulatory Measures Against CRIMINAL Behaviors Related to Private Internet Broadcasting in KOREAN." J-Institute 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22471/police.2016.1.1.28.

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Dewi, Kristina, Djazuly Chalidyanto, and Agung Dwi Laksono. "Hospital Preparedness for COVID-19 in Indonesia: A Case Study in Three Types Hospital." Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology 15, no. 3 (May 17, 2021): 3493–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/ijfmt.v15i3.15842.

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Background: The increase in COVID-19 cases demands hospitalpreparedness in handling COVID-19 toprovide quality services by prioritizing patient safety and health personnel factors. The purpose of this studyis to analyze hospital preparedness in providing COVID-19 services comprehensively.Method: The study is a cross-sectional design. The research objects are public, private, and police hospitals.The review usesthe checklist from the CDC.Observation and interviews with hospital leaders carried outdata collection. Data were analyzed descriptively.Result: From the results of filling out theinventory, the preparedness of public, private, and policehospitals in Banjarmasin was low on average. In detail, it showedaverage scores that publichospital(2.83),privatehospital(2.70), and Policehospital(2.63). Police hospital is better prepared than the private and publichospital. Public and private hospitals have the lowest scores on the written COVID-19 Development ofwritten COVID-19 Plan component. Meanwhile, the Police hospital had the lowest scores on consumableand durable medical equipment and supplies.Conclusion: It concludedthe private, public, and police hospitals have a low level of preparednessforCOVID-19 services.

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Kim, Sangwoon, and Jaehun Shin. "Improvement plan for Recruitment of Private Police Guards." Journal of The Korean Society of Disaster Information 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15683/kosdi.2016.9.30.219.

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이세정. "Erfüllung staatlicher Sicherheitsaufgaben durch die Police-Private-Partnership." Public Law Journal 11, no. 2 (June 2010): 371–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31779/plj.11.2.201006.014.

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Brennan, T. "Police and Private Order in Early Modern France." Criminal Justice Review 13, no. 2 (September 1, 1988): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073401688801300203.

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Paek, Seung Yeop, Mahesh K. Nalla, and Julak Lee. "Perception of police legitimacy among private security officers." Security Journal 32, no. 3 (December 19, 2018): 287–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41284-018-00163-5.

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Wood, Jennifer D. "Private Policing and Public Health: A Neglected Relationship." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 36, no. 1 (November 24, 2019): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986219890191.

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Policing, in its various forms and dimensions, has indelible and complex connections to public health. The conventional functions of policing—promoting social order, security, and crime prevention—are animated by many issues easily framed by a public health lens (e.g., forms of violence, mental illnesses, drug abuse, homelessness). Policing with a crime control focus can make public health worse by criminalizing vulnerable people and undermining access to health and harm reduction resources. Conversely, policing with a health focus can help link vulnerable people to treatment and recovery-oriented resources. Recognizing these connections, researchers have largely focused on the public health effects of policing by the public police, and practitioners have worked to transform the public police with population health in mind. This article suggests that although this focus on transforming the public police is necessary to the advancement of public health, it neglects to understand connections between private policing and public health. This conceptual article argues for the need to widen our focus beyond the public police when exploring policing’s relationship to public health. This expanded view, I suggest, is important to discovering the ways in which the health vulnerabilities of people and places may be compromised by different policing mentalities and practices. At the same time, it may provide clues about ways in which policing beyond the police might creatively and virtuously promote public health.

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Cho, Joon-Tag, and Jeyong Jung. "Improving Private Security Management by Police : Focusing on the Opinions of Police Practitioners." Korean Security Science Review 74 (March 31, 2023): 145–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.36623/kssr.2023.74.7.

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Sakti, Fajar Tri, and Gamal Pribadi. "Evaluasi Kebijakan Standar Pelayanan Minimal Pelayanan Dasar Pemeliharaan Ketertiban Umum, Ketentraman Masyarakat dan Perlindungan Masyarakat di Provinsi DKI Jakarta." Jurnal Kelola : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial 1, no. 2 (December 12, 2018): 98–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/jk.v1i2.3779.

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This study aims to obtain an explanation of policy implementation and attainment minimum standards service in the field of domestic governance types of basic services maintenance of public order, public tranquility and the protection of society in DKI Jakarta Province by taking the respondents implementing the policy in the civil service police force of Jakarta and society. Problem faced by Jakarta Provincial Government in this case the police force agencies civil service especially on the two indicators that do not reach the target: a). Complaint can be made online via the website or send an email, causing an increasing number of reports on complaints regarding violations of local laws that do not followed, b). Theres no an optimalitation for the offenders of local regulations and a misdemeanor, due to the lack of municipal police investigators in the neighborhood of Jakarta that is not a deterrent effect for offenders, c). The existence of a residential area that use the services of private security, so that when the inventory of community protection officers, Civil Service Police Unit of Jakarta does not include the private security officer to the criteria of public protection officer.

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Lentz, Lene Wacher. "Politiets infiltration på digitale platforme – set i et menneskeretligt perspektiv." Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab 106, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 128–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ntfk.v106i2.124773.

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AbstractIn the physical wodd, police 'infiltration' traditionally refers to investigations in which incognito police officers blend in with, for example, guests in bars and restaurants for the purpose of eavesdropping. So far, traditional infiltration has not been subject to regulation in Denmark as this has not been deemed legally necessary. A number of novel legal problems present themselves, however, in relation to police infiltration of the digital world. In this context, undercover police officers gain access to closed, private forums on the Internet. The current article argues that police infiltration of digital platforms risks violating the right to private life and private communication under Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights, and argues that a tighter legal regulation be enacted in this area. These considerations on infiltration may also be relevant to matters of criminalprocedure in, inter alia, Norway and Sweden, as police infiltrations in these neighboring countries also take place without specific statutory regulation.

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Walby, Kevin, Randy K. Lippert, and Alex Luscombe. "Police foundation governance and accountability: Corporate interlocks and private, nonprofit influence on public police." Criminology & Criminal Justice 20, no. 2 (August 18, 2018): 131–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895818794225.

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Police foundations are new private organizations used by public police services to raise corporate monies in North America. This article examines problems of governance and accountability arising in relation to police foundations and police services. Drawing from interviews, freedom of information requests and records from city archives, we analyze interlocks between corporations and police foundations via board membership. Because of the influence and control directors exercise by voting on projects and vetting other board members, links between corporations and police foundations raise ethical questions about the power of board members to influence police spending and procurement. We analyze data pertaining to four themes in literature on nonprofit organizations and directorate interlocking: philanthropy; influence and control; cooptation; and reciprocity. In conclusion, we reflect on the implications of our findings for literatures on public police governance and accountability.

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Kovačič Čelofiga, Anita, and Mario Plenković. "Role and status of communication experts in the police." Informatologia 53, no. 1-2 (June 30, 2020): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32914/i.53.1-2.4.

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Police work is constantly at the forefront of media coverage and public interest – there are only few State Institutions that are subject to as much media and public attention as the police. Public relations, therefore, shape its image importantly, and, at the same time, differ from the public relations in public administration and the private sector due to its specific nature. The article discusses the work of Slovenian police communication experts, their position and status, as well as their position in comparison with their foreign colleagues, and communicators in the public and private sectors. We examined the content and systemic limitations of Slovenian police communication experts and found that they are faced with lack of media experience, appropriate education and knowledge of contemporary skills. Key reasons for this situation are several: An inadequate staffing policy, organisation, implementation of public relations and lack of employee training. These limitations are also the main factors why police communication experts devote most of their time to the technical level of public relations, even if, for higher quality and modern public relations, they should act more often in a strategic role.

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Frantsuz, A. J., and B. O. Nosenko. "CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF PRIVATE DETECTIVE ACTIVITY IN UKRAINE." Legal Bulletin 76, no. 6 (December 15, 2022): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31732/2708-339x-2022-06-67-72.

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Arguments in favor of the introduction of the institute of private detective activity in Ukraine, its formation and development at the present stage are given. The necessity of legislative regulation of issues of private detective (search) activity in the context of cooperation with law enforcement agencies, in particular with units of the National Police of Ukraine, is determined. The author's definition of private detective activity is presented, which is proposed to be defined as allowed by the National Police of Ukraine professional business activities of private detectives and private detective companies (agencies) to provide clients with detective services to protect their legal rights and interests on the grounds and in the manner prescribed by law. It is noted that the author's interpretation provides for the inclusion in the definition of the term that characterizes private detective activity as one of the types of business activities, as such activities are carried out on a contractual basis, profit and should be taxable under current Ukrainian legislation. Ways of cooperation between subjects of private detective (search) activity and divisions of the National Police of Ukraine are also offered. It is noted that the basis for effective cooperation between the subjects of private detective (investigative) activities and state law enforcement agencies should be the exchange of information regulated by law. This will allow not only to carry out separate (independent) activities, but also to carry out joint planning and joint measures to prevent offenses. The author notes that the most promising cooperation between private detectives and operational search units of the National Police may be in the field of search for missing persons, including children. However, in such cooperation, private detectives may have certain advantages. Compared to police officers, private detectives themselves determine the size of their workload, which will contribute to the greatest focus on a particular case. Also, the provision of paid services will promote a conscientious attitude to the assigned duties, as the amount of monetary remuneration of a private detective may vary depending on the results of his work. The author presents arguments in favor of granting supervisory powers in the field of private detective work to the internal affairs bodies of Ukraine.

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Shepherd, Tamara. "The Canadian Clearview AI Investigation as a Call for Digital Policy Literacy." Surveillance & Society 22, no. 2 (June 16, 2024): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v22i2.16300.

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In 2020, the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (OPCC) led a joint federal-provincial investigation into privacy violations stemming from the use of facial recognition technologies. The investigation was prompted specifically by the mobilization of Clearview AI’s facial recognition software in law enforcement, including by regional police services as well as the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. Clearview AI’s technology is based on scraping social media images, which, as the investigation found, constitutes a privacy law violation according to provincial and federal private sector legislation. In response to the investigation, Clearview AI claimed that consent for scraping social media images was not required from users because the information is already public. This common fallacy of social media privacy serves as a pivot point for the integration of digital policy literacy into the OPCC’s digital literacy materials in order to consider the regulatory environment around digital media, alongside their political-economic and infrastructural components. Digital policy literacy is a model that expands what is typically an individual- or organization-level responsibility for privacy protection by considering the wider socio-technical context in which a company like Clearview can emerge.

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Walby, Kevin, Alex Luscombe, and Randy K. Lippert. "Going to the dogs? Police, donations, and K9s." Policing: An International Journal 41, no. 6 (December 3, 2018): 798–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-05-2017-0066.

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Purpose Most existing literature on K9 units has focused on the relationship between police handler and canine, or questions about use of force. The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between private donations to public police departments, an increasingly accepted institutional practice in the policing world, and K9 units. Specifically, the authors examine rationales for sponsoring and financially supporting K9 units in Canada and the USA. Design/methodology/approach The authors focus on four main themes that emerged in analysis of media articles, interview transcripts, and the results of freedom of information requests. Findings These four rationales or repertoires of discourse are: police dogs as heroes; dogs as crime fighters; cute K9s; and police dogs as uncontroversial donation recipients. Originality/value After drawing attention to the expanding role of police foundations in these funding endeavors, the authors reflect on what these findings mean for understanding private sponsorship of public police as well as K9 units in North America and elsewhere. The authors draw attention to the possibility of perceived and actual corruption when private, corporate monies become the main channel through which K9 and other police units are funded.

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Scassa, Teresa. "Police Service Crime Mapping as Civic Technology." International Journal of E-Planning Research 5, no. 3 (July 2016): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.2016070102.

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It is increasingly common for municipal police services in North America to make online crime maps available to the public. This form of civic technology is now so widely used that there is a competitive private sector market for crime mapping platforms. This paper considers the crime maps made available by three Canadian police forces using platforms developed by U.S.-based private sector corporations. The paper considers how these crime maps present particular narratives of crime in the city, evaluates the quality of the mapped data, and explores how laws shape and constrain the use and reuse of crime data. It considers as well the problems that may arise in using off-the-shelf solutions – particularly ones developed in another country. It asks whether this model of crime mapping advances or limits goals of transparency and accountability, and what lessons it offers about the use of private sector civic technologies to serve public sector purposes.

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Quintella, José Pedro Guedes, and José Luis Felicio Carvalho. "Segurança Pública, Violência Urbana e Expansão do Setor de Segurança Privada no Município do Rio de Janeiro." Revista Produção e Desenvolvimento 3, no. 2 (August 1, 2017): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32358/rpd.2017.v3.223.

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The research was guided by the purpose of identifying how, in the city of Rio de Janeiro, the lack of public security policies affect the private security sector. The referential theoretical framework embraced the themes of social and economic contextualization of private security, the institutionalization of private security and the problem of public security in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The empirical stage of the study included semi-structured interviews with key informants, three of whom were directors of different medium-sized companies in the private security sector located in the municipality, a high-ranking officer of the Military Police of Rio de Janeiro, and the president of a private organization which provides training services to civilians, military and police forces. The results confirms contradictory aspects of integration and imbalance between the private security sector and the public power, as well as raises unique issues, such as the causal relation between the media role in violence and the growth of the sector, and the antinomy between the amplification of the ostensible presence of the police force on the streets and the increase of the sense of insecurity that causes the growth of the demand for private security.

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Moore, Josh. "Out from the Curtains of Secrecy: Private University Police and State Open Records Laws." Journal of Civic Information 2, no. 2 (October 31, 2020): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/joci.v2i2.126522.

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The role of police officers on college campuses has grown in the past 40 years from that of “glorified custodians” to full-fledged police officers, often with powers to search, detain, arrest, and even to use deadly force. Yet most state open records laws have not kept up, failing to require disclosure of records about crimes reported to or arrests made by sworn police officers at private universities. This article provides a full national picture by identifying the statutes and analyzing the cases to address whether state open records laws apply to private university police. It then suggests that the “functional equivalency test” provides courts a method to require transparency at these police departments.

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Nalla, Mahesh K., Sheila R. Maxwell, and Chae M. Mamayek. "Legitimacy of Private Police in Developed, Emerging, and Transitional Economies." European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice 25, no. 1 (January 12, 2017): 76–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718174-25012107.

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Research suggests that states that fail to provide political goods, such as security, have low citizens’ confidence in state apparatuses, resulting in greater demand for services by non-state actors like private security. The present study seeks to compare citizen trust and confidence in private security guards, in 6 developed, emerging, and transitional economies in the Americas (the United States), Asia (India, Singapore, South Korea), and Europe (The Netherlands, Slovenia). This study seeks to assess whether democracy levels across the countries and/or contextual factors such as contact, perceived professionalism, nature of work, and civility of security guards affect citizens’ trust across various levels of democracy. The findings show that citizens in countries with full-democracy rankings have less trust in private police compared to citizens in lower democracy levels. Findings also suggest that across all democracies, perceived civility and professionalism of private security officers significantly influence citizens’ trust of private police.

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Gottschalk, Petter. "Private police legitimacy: the case of internal investigations by fraud examiners." Policing: An International Journal 40, no. 3 (August 21, 2017): 628–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-04-2016-0053.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the legitimacy of private policing of financial crime by fraud examiners. Design/methodology/approach The literature on fraud examiners is interpreted in the legitimacy context. Findings A number of critical issues based on the institutional theory and social psychology issues are discussed that question the legitimacy of private policing of financial crime. Research limitations/implications There is a need for regulation of the private fraud examination industry. Practical implications A number of legitimacy issues should be addressed by financial crime specialists. Social implications Victims of private investigations require regulation of the investigation industry. Originality/value Criteria for police legitimacy are applied to the private sector.

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Davis, Melissa G., Richard J. Lundman, and Ramiro Martinez, Jr. "Private Corporate Justice: Store Police, Shoplifters, and Civil Recovery." Social Problems 38, no. 3 (August 1991): 395–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sp.1991.38.3.03a00060.

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Davis, Melissa G., Richard J. Lundman, and Ramiro Martinez,. "Private Corporate Justice: Store Police, Shoplifters, and Civil Recovery." Social Problems 38, no. 3 (August 1991): 395–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/800606.

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Manzo, John. "How private security officers perceive themselves relative to police." Security Journal 23, no. 3 (January 12, 2009): 192–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/sj.2008.16.

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Joiner, Holly J. "Private Police: Defending the Power of Professional Bail Bondsmen." Indiana Law Review 32, no. 4 (January 4, 1999): 1413–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/3385.

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Nalla, Mahesh K., and Anna Gurinskaya. "Private Police and Security Governance: Mapping Emerging Trends and Future Directions." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 36, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986219890208.

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In this article, we outline a brief overview of the growth and trends in scholarly literature devoted to the study of private policing and the private security industry in crime and security governance over the past five decades. More specifically, we draw attention to the scholarship addressing private policing and the shifts in the discourse of the subject of security governance during this time both from theoretical and thematic foci. In doing so, we identify potential future directions in which this field of private policing studies is moving.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Private police'

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