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Journal articles on the topic 'Private Nature Reserves'
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1
Parker, Ken. "Private National Nature Reserves?" Land Use Policy 5, no. 4 (October 1988): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8377(88)90070-1.
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Guerrero-Casado, José, José Manuel Seoane, Nikolay Aguirre, and Jeronimo Torres-Porras. "Success in conserving the bird diversity in tropical forests through private protected areas in Western Ecuador." Neotropical Biology and Conservation 16, no. 2 (May 27, 2021): 351–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.16.e63414.
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Private protected areas have recently attained more importance at a worldwide level as regards nature conservation. Particularly, the specific region of Western Ecuador receives hardly any protection from the State, and private reserves could, therefore, be a suitable tool to ensure the preservation of its forests and their associated wildlife biodiversity. In this work, we compare the bird species richness between private reserves and public protected areas (managed by the State) located in this region. We also show a checklist of bird species found in the Buenaventura Reserve, a private reserve located in south-western Ecuador. Our comparison shows that smaller private reserves may harbour a similar number of bird species than larger protected areas managed by the state, and they have a higher number of bird species per area. In particular, a total of 233 different bird species were registered in Buenaventura, which were distributed in 16 orders and 42 families. Three species were classified as endangered at an international level: El Oro Parakeet (Pyrrhura orcesi), El Oro Tapaculo (Scytalopus robbinsi), and the Grey-backed Hawk (Pseudastur occidentalis), and another three at a national level: the Long-wattled Umbrellabird (Cephalopterus penduliger), the Slaty-winged Foliage-gleaner (Philydor fuscipenne), and the White-vented Plumeleteer (Chalybura buffonii). Therefore, private reserves can be appreciated as a suitable conservation tool for bird conservation, and they should not be undervalued because of their smaller size. Buenaventura Reserve is a good example of how private reserves are extremely important in fragmented landscapes, as is the case with tropical forests in Western Ecuador.
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Makhinko, R. "Ways of attracting investment in the territory and objects of the nature reserve fund of Ukraine." Balanced nature using, no. 4 (August 18, 2020): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2310-4678.4.2020.228360.
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The article, based on the analysis of scientific literature and the current legal framework, reveals the main ways and directions of attracting investment in the territory and objects of nature reserves of Ukraine in today’s conditions, a detailed description of the main investment entities in this area. The only acceptable tools for investing in nature reserves are public-private partnership mechanisms. The use of tools of private-public partnership and involvement of business in the management of nature reserves can increase the level of integration of natural resources into economic circulation through the construction of chains, schemes, value added production networks on the basis of both individual and especially — corporate governance within the business ecosystem of the territorial entity to which these resources and assets should be involved. It should be noted that at different stages of the implementation of the European integration algorithm for the development of public-private partnership will prevail different tools of this mechanism. Thus, in the first, deconcentration stage — budget decentralization, unification of communities and delegation of powers in the management of natural resources, including nature reserve facilities, united territorial communities from state to local authorities, deconcentration of resources will prevail. In the second stage, devolution with the end of delimitation and delegation of extended powers to the territories with the simultaneous introduction of a project approach to the management of natural assets and the beginning of the creation of territorial corporations for the management of nature reserves. At the third, divestiture stage, the formation of profitable territorial corporate entities of the cluster type, operating in the use of natural assets, ie individual territorial corporations of sustainable development with a diversified financial and investment component. The article also reveals in detail the role of institutional support for the process of investing in domestic nature reserves, and on this basis identifies a key range of existing issues.
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Metzger, Jean Paul. "Effects of deforestation pattern and private nature reserves on the forest conservation in settlement areas of the Brazilian Amazon." Biota Neotropica 1, no. 1-2 (2001): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032001000100003.
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The effects of deforestation patterns, private nature-reserve extents and agricultural fallow periods on forest conservation were simulated for settlement projects in the Brazilian Amazon that produce a fish-bone pattern of occupation and where slash-and-burn agriculture is predominantly used. Data for simulation was obtained from previous work at the Bragantina region, the oldest agricultural frontier in the Brazilian Amazon. Forest conservation was evaluated using the size of remnant forest fragments, the amount of interior habitat, the connectivity among fragments and the extent of fragmentation. Results showed that the best scenario for forest conservation is the maintenance of 80% of the lot as privatereserve using deforestation pattern that allow to group the reserves from different farmers at the end of the lot. When private-reserve coverage is bellow 80% of the landscape, forest conservation status will be influenced by the deforestation pattern. Some patterns (e.g. random location of deforestation plots) will then be particularly deleterious, producing a highly fragmented landscape, while other patterns (e.g., progressive deforestation from one edge) can allow the maintenance of large forest fragments. To get forest conservation in these cases, private-reserve extent and deforestation pattern should be considered together. Considering both forest conservation and agricultural use, progressive patterns of deforestation (or land use) in a lot of 2,000m by 500m, with private nature-reserves covering 50% of the landscape seems to be the best compromise. To guarantee the private forest preservation, these forests should be pre-established when settlements are planned and grouped at the end of the lots.
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Pasquini, Lorena, James A. Fitzsimons, Stuart Cowell, Katrina Brandon, and Geoff Wescott. "The establishment of large private nature reserves by conservation NGOs: key factors for successful implementation." Oryx 45, no. 3 (June 7, 2011): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605310000876.
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AbstractPrivate nature reserves created by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are increasing, and their growing number and extent means that they can potentially contribute to biodiversity goals at a global scale. However, the success of these reserves depends on the legal, economic and institutional conditions framing their creation and management. We explored these conditions, and the opportunities and challenges facing conservation organizations in managing private nature reserves, across several countries, with an emphasis on Australia. Results from 17 semi-structured interviews with representatives of private conservation organizations indicated that while private reserves may enhance the conservation estate, challenges remain. Legal frameworks, especially tenure and economic laws, vary across and within countries, presenting conservation organizations with significant opportunities or constraints to owning and/or managing private nature reserves. Many acquired land without strategic acquisition procedures and secured funding for property acquisition but not management, affecting the long-term maintenance of properties. Other typical problems were tied to the institutional capacity of the organizations. Greater planning within organizations, especially financial planning, is required and NGOs must understand opportunities and constraints present in legislative frameworks at the outset. Organizations must establish their expertise gaps and address them. To this end, partnerships between organizations and/or with government can prove critical.
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Ramutsindela, Maano. "Extractive philanthropy: securing labour and land claim settlements in private nature reserves." Third World Quarterly 36, no. 12 (December 2, 2015): 2259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2015.1068112.
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Kreuter, Urs, Mike Peel, and Edward Warner. "Wildlife Conservation and Community-Based Natural Resource Management in Southern Africa's Private Nature Reserves." Society & Natural Resources 23, no. 6 (April 20, 2010): 507–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920903204299.
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J. S. Debus, S., H. A. Ford, and D. Page. "Bird communities in remnant woodland on the New England Tablelands, New South Wales." Pacific Conservation Biology 12, no. 1 (2006): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc060050.
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We provide a geographic and landscape context for ongoing studies on bird communities in eucalypt woodland remnants on the New England Tablelands, New South Wales. We draw together several surveys that have not been published in the scientific literature, and integrate them with previously published material. A total of 142 woodland bird species, including 12 threatened species, was recorded in remnant woodland in the area above 900 m elevation from 50 km SSE to 100 km NNW of Armidals. There was a positive relationship between remnant size and bird species richness. Woodland reserves >300 ha supported significantly more species than remnants <100 ha on private land. Intensively surveyed reserves also had more species than remnants surveyed more casually. Threatened and other declining species occurred mainly in medium-sized (100-300 ha) and large reserves; foraging guilds of small to medium-sized, ground and above-ground insectivores were impoverished in degraded medium-sized and small remnants on private land. Almost the full range of woodland bird species was found at one or more sites, indicating their conservation value. However, some species were found in few sites or were only vagrants at a site. Active management will be needed to retain the current diversity of bird species in such heavily cleared landscapes.
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Schiavetti, Alexandre, Haydee Torres de Oliveira, Alene da Silva Lins, and Pablo Santana Santos. "Analysis of private natural heritage reserves as a conservation strategy for the biodiversity of the cocoa region of the southern State of Bahia, Brazil." Revista Árvore 34, no. 4 (August 2010): 699–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-67622010000400015.
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Brazil was the first country in Latin America to establish and regulate this type of reserve, and there are currently more than 700 Private Nature Heritage Reserves (RPPN in Portuguese) officially recognized by either federal or state environmental agencies. Together, these RPPN protect more than a half million hectares of land in the country. The coastal forests in the southern part of Bahia State extend 100 to 200 km inland, gradually changing in physiognomy as they occupy the dryer inland areas. The coastal forest has been subjected to intense deforestation, and currently occupies less than 10% of its original area. For this work the creation processes of the RPPN were consulted to obtain the data creation time, size of property, the condition of the remaining forest, succession chain and the last paid tax. After that, interviews with the owners were made to confirm this data. Sixteen RPPN have been established in this region until 2005. Their sizes vary from 4.7 to 800 ha. Ten of these RPPN are located within state or federal conservation areas or their buffer zones. In spite of the numerous national and international conservation strategies and environmental policies focused on the region, the present situation of the cocoa zone is threatening the conservation of the region's natural resources. The establishment of private reserves in the cocoa region could conceivably improve these conservation efforts. This type of reserve can be established under a uniform system supported by federal legislation, and could count on private organizations.
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Powell, L. A. "Common–interest community agreements on private lands provide opportunity and scale for wildlife management." Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 35, no. 2 (December 2012): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.32800/abc.2012.35.0295.
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Private lands are critical to conservation planning for wildlife, worldwide. Agriculture subsidies, tax incentives, and conservation easements have been successfully used as tools to convert cropland to native vegetation. However, uncertain economies threaten the sustainability of these incentives. The wildlife management profession is in need of innovative models that support effective management of populations. I argue that biologists should consider the option of facilitating the development of private reserves to reduce the dependence of conservation on public investment. Private reserves can be enhanced by creating common–interest communities, which reduce the problem posed by limited size of individual properties. Cross–property agreements between landowners can provide economic incentives through forms of ecotourism, energy production, and/or enhanced agricultural production. I share two case studies that demonstrate how cross–property agreements may be beneficial to landowner’s finances and conservation of diverse wildlife communities, as well as providing an efficient structure for NGOs and management agencies to engage and support landowners.
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Langholz, Jeff. "Economics, Objectives, and Success of Private Nature Reserves in Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America." Conservation Biology 10, no. 1 (February 1996): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10010271.x.
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Byelyayeva, Svitlana, Nataliya Kornilova, Olena Starynets, and Dmytro Harashchenko. "Organizational and ecological aspects of the strategy of nature reserve fund recreational territories’ development in Cherkasy region." Socio-Economic Problems of the Modern Period of Ukraine, no. 3(143) (2020): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/2071-4653-2020-3-3.
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Theoretical and methodological approaches to the basic mechanisms of the Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine recreational territories management under modern economic conditions are formed. The main markers of influence on the development of nature reserve areas are identified. Problematic issues requiring operational, tactical and strategic solutions at the state level and at the level of a particular region are defined. Cherkasy region case study offers strategic directions to promote the protection, preservation, restoration and development of Cherkasy region nature reserve territories related to their scientifically proven expansion, in particular, to identify potential economic loss from preserving nature reserve areas and ensuring their efficient functioning, and increase the percentage of territories of the Ukrainian NRF to achieve EU countries indicators. The necessity to activate a public-private partnership, which concerns both the promotion of tourist attractions in protected nature reserve areas, and the need to comply with the requirements of environmental legislation, is justified. The current state of the Cherkasy region natural reserve and its development priorities is analyzed, administrative and territorial changes in particular. Attention is focused on the relevance of scientific research regarding the feasibility of creating new nature reserves and objects of Cherkasy region Natural Reserve Fund. Under modern conditions of management in the tourism industry as an important segment of recreational activities, the cumulative effect of coordinating intentions and actions impacts the environment significantly, both positively and negatively, which should be taken into account not only in scientific and theoretical-methodological research, but also in practice both locally and at the Government level in general.
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d'Albertas, Francisco, Adrian González-Chaves, Clarice Borges-Matos, Vitor Zago de Almeida Paciello, Martine Maron, and Jean Paul Metzger. "Private reserves suffer from the same location biases of public protected areas." Biological Conservation 261 (September 2021): 109283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109283.
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PARSONS, TIMOTHY. "BEING KIKUYU IN MERU: CHALLENGING THE TRIBAL GEOGRAPHY OF COLONIAL KENYA." Journal of African History 53, no. 1 (March 2012): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853712000023.
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ABSTRACTFaced with a confusing range of fluid ethnicities when they conquered Kenya, colonial officials sought to shift conquered populations into manageable administrative units. In linking physical space to ethnic identity, the Kenyan reserve system assumed that each of these ‘tribes’ had a specific homeland. Yet the reserves in the central Kenyan highlands soon became overcrowded and socially restive because they could not accommodate population growth and private claims to land for commercial agriculture. Although colonial officials proclaimed themselves the guardians of backward tribal peoples, they tried to address this problem by creating mechanisms whereby surplus populations would be ‘adopted’ into tribes living in less crowded reserves. This article provides new insights into the nature of identity in colonial Kenya by telling the stories of two types of Kikuyu migrants who settled in the Meru Reserve. The first much larger group did so legally by agreeing to become Meru. The second openly challenged the colonial state and their Meru hosts by defiantly proclaiming themselves to be Kikuyu. These diverse ways of being Kikuyu in the Meru Reserve fit neither strict primordial nor constructivist conceptions of African identity formation. The peoples of colonial Kenya had options in deciding how to identify themselves and could assume different political and social roles by invoking one or more of them at a time and in specific circumstances.
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Zhestkov, I. A., and E. G. Glanskaya. "Problems of the Financialand Legal Nature of Funds of Organizations." Russian Journal of Legal Studies 5, no. 4 (December 15, 2018): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rjls18449.
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The object of science of the financial right is understood as the public relations arising in the course of activities for systematic education (formation), distribution and use of the public, municipal and other public foundations for realization of problems of public character. At the same time the problem of publicity or not publicity of the legal nature of some funds remains not resolved neither in science of the financial right, nor in the legislation of the Russian Federation that does nоt give the chance precisely to define limits of an object of science of the financial right. The obligation of formation and also the sizes which purposes and an order of use are provided by imperatively federal normative legal acts is about funds of funds of the private organizations. In particular, it is possible to carry indemnification funds of self-regulatory organizations, obligatory reserves of credit institutions, reserve funds of joint-stock companies, reserve fund of Association of Tour Operators to such funds in the sphere of outbound tourism, an indemnification fund of professional association of insurers on obligatory insurance by the citizen of responsibility of carrier for infliction of harm of life, etc. In article questions of the legal nature of separate funds of the organizations, including specifics and financial and legal features of their formation and use, relevant for financial and legal science, are considered. Provisions of the legislation of the Russian Federation and also a position of the leading erudite jurists of rather public or non-public legal nature of funds are analyzed. The attention is especially focused that funds have special-purpose character, are formed and used in public interests by the organizations equipped with public functions.
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Weetman, G. F. "Seven Important Determinants of Canadian Silviculture." Forestry Chronicle 63, no. 6 (December 1, 1987): 457–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc63457-6.
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An attempt is made to identify the seven most important features of Canadian forestry that determine the nature and level of silviculture practice. They are considered to be: the dominance of extensive reserves of old-growth timber often at risk; the unbalanced age class structure of many licencee areas and management units; the dominance of provincial Crown ownership of timber and the evolution of Forest Management Agreements and Tree Farm Licences; the intractable nature of the problem of silviculture on small private ownerships; the recognition of the social role of silviculture in alleviating unemployment; the lack of silviculture decision models; and the systematic tightening of silviculture performance standards on Crown lands.
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Taber, Andrew B. "The status and conservation of the Chacoan peccary in Paraguay." Oryx 25, no. 3 (July 1991): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300034177.
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The Chacoan peccary Catagonus wagneri is endemic to the dry thorn forest of the Gran Chaco of Paraguay, Argentina and Bolivia. Since its discovery by scientists in the 1970s its population has declined due to overhunting, habitat destruction, and possibly disease. As of 1989 about 5000 individuals are estimated to survive in the Paraguayan Chaco. Small dispersed populations still exist in Argentina and Bolivia, but more information is needed on the status of this species in those two countries. In Paraguay, Chacoan peccaries have almost disappeared from the two national parks within their range and the only significant population exists in an area where there are no reserves. The survival of this species depends on enforcing regulations against hunting both within and outside the national parks, translocating animals to the parks, establishing a system of reserves on private land in critical areas, training of Paraguayan wildlife professionals, and environmental education.
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CROUZEILLES, RENATO, MARIANA M. VALE, RUI CERQUEIRA, and CARLOS E. V. GRELLE. "Increasing strict protection through protected areas on Brazilian private lands." Environmental Conservation 40, no. 3 (November 29, 2012): 209–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892912000367.
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SUMMARYA key strategy to reduce habitat loss and fragmentation involves the establishment of protected areas (PAs). Worldwide, c. 13% of land lies within PAs, but only 6% is subject to the more restrictive International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) categories I-IV. Private PAs may contribute to this figure, but require general guidance principles for their management. The Brazilian ‘Private Natural Heritage Reserves’ (RPPNs) constitute an example of good PA management, employing seven principles that should guide the creation of all private PAs. RPPNs have legal status and long-term security, allow only for indirect human uses, and provide a strategic conservation role in highly fragmented landscapes by improving connectivity. However, RPPNs are virtually absent from the World Database on Protected Areas, and given Brazil's continental size, and the considerable and increasing number of RPPNs in Brazil, this omission has the potential to skew accurate quantification of the area of land subject to strict protection. The RPPN model can make an important contribution to the discussion of the role of private PAs in conservation, especially in the tropics.
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G. Brooker, M., and C. R. Margules. "The relative conservation value of remnant patches of native vegetation in the wheatbelt of Western Australia: I. Plant diversity." Pacific Conservation Biology 2, no. 3 (1995): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc960268.
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Accurate assessment of the relative conservation value of remaining areas of native vegetation is of primary importance to both land planners and land managers wishing to conserve the biodiversity of an area. Selection procedures aimed at identifying sets of patches for nature reserve networks stress the importance of retaining beta diversity (or diversity of habitats). This paper describes a new procedure that incorporates a measure of relative alpha diversity (or within habitat diversity) of plant species, as well as beta diversity, using the Kellerberrin area of the Western Australian wheatbelt as an example. The inclusion of such an algorithm in selection procedures is justified since beta and alpha diversity, together with genetic diversity, determine the overall biotic heterogeneity of an area. A five-step ranking method is used to prioritize remnant patches of native vegetation with respect to plant diversity, both at regional and local scales. Ranking at a regional scale is important for state authorities able to deal with only a limited number of widely dispersed sites such as nature reserves; whereas ranking at the local scale provides a guideline for the conservation of biodiversity at a level where many land use and management decisions are made by local government and private citizens.
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Adams, William M. "Geographies of conservation III: Nature’s spaces." Progress in Human Geography 44, no. 4 (March 20, 2019): 789–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309132519837779.
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There is a rich literature by geographers on the spatial imagination and ambition of conservation, and particularly the long-established strategy of creating protected areas such as national parks. This report highlights five ways in which the spatial ambitions, imaginations and practices of conservation are changing. First, appetite for the expansion of protected areas continues to grow, with proposals for marine reserves and up to half of the earth under protection. Second, substantial intensification of agriculture is proposed to free up land for such expansion, a policy of land sparing. Third, areas being protected are increasingly privately owned, and conservation is serving as a powerful form of legitimization of large-scale private landholding. Fourth, in many countries conservation management is being extended beyond formal protected areas in mosaics of public, private and community land. Fifth, the political and material technologies used to secure conservation territories, like the extension of these territories themselves, raise urgent political ecological questions. Conservation governance physically marks spaces for nature, but also constructs and polices ideas about both nature and society in profound ways, which often go unremarked by conservationists themselves.
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Vorotnikov, A. M., and N. S. Doronin. "Public-private partnership as a mechanism for the development of ecological tourism in specially protected areas of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation." Management and Business Administration, no. 4 (November 2019): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33983/2075-1826-2019-4-87-96.
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The vulnerability of Arctic ecosystems predetermines the development of ecotourism, which implies minimal anthropogenic impact on the places of residence and contributes to the preservation of natural objects. The key areas for ecotourism should be protected areas such as nature reserves and national parks, where, for example, ecological trails can run, tourist centers can be formed and awareness-raising activities can be carried out. Since protected areas are state-owned, and their status is not subject to change, the main model for the implementation of PPP projects in the field of tourism should be a concession agreement.
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PFUELLER, SHARRON L. "Role of bioregionalism in Bookmark Biosphere Reserve, Australia." Environmental Conservation 35, no. 2 (June 2008): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892908004839.
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SUMMARYBioregionalism claims that interaction between the biophysical and human components of a region generates place-based environmental and social understanding and concern, which lead to locally shared power and responsibility in cooperative land management and governance. The Man and the Biosphere Programme's Seville Strategy calls for local community participation in a multi-stakeholder ecosystem-based approach to conservation, but it is unclear if tenets of bioregionalism play a role in its implementation. Bookmark Biosphere Reserve (BBR) in Australia has substantially succeeded in scientific research and monitoring, conservation, environmental education and sustainable land-use initiatives. Aspects of bioregionalism (for example recognition of the region's unique identity, local community sense of responsibility, integration of local knowledge, presence of motivated local leaders and cooperative community-based management through a network of groups) have contributed to success. Other crucial factors were funding, technical and scientific information and support from government agencies, leadership from members of state and federal government and from private philanthropic foundations, community capacity-building for sustainable land management and availability of volunteers from outside the region. Nevertheless, conflict arose in relation to governance, originating from the recognized difficulties of reconciling a diversity of allegiances, motivations, management styles and personalities, and resulted in division of BBR into two, one section being managed largely through the private sector and community volunteers, the other (renamed Riverland Biosphere Reserve) coordinated by a committee with more diverse affiliations. Bioregionalism can play a role in biosphere reserves but motivations and resources of external public and private organizations are also vital. Avoiding weaknesses of bioregional approaches requires greater attention to social aspects of environmental management. Governance structures and processes need to be inclusive, flexible and equitable in decision making and access to funds. They should support both agency and community-initiated activities and include conflict resolution mechanisms.
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Wells, Michael P. "The social role of protected areas in the new South Africa." Environmental Conservation 23, no. 4 (December 1996): 322–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900039187.
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SummarySouth Africa contains an extensive, well-managed protected area network which generates considerable economic benefits from tourism, but the extensive land and financial resources required by the parks and reserves are difficult to reconcile with the acute social and economic development needs of poor rural people with very limited access to any kind of resources. Local communities have incurred substantial costs from the establishment of these parks while receiving few benefits in return. National and provincial governments, as well as the conservation authorities, have now recognized that the long-term future of parks and reserves depends on taking effective steps to redress the local imbalance of benefits and costs. Integrated conservation-development projects (ICDPs) are beginning to test a range of specific measures to increase local community participation in the benefits from protected areas. Parks have considerable resources and expertise which they can use to support local development through ICDPs, although it would be unrealistic to expect parks to solve widespread rural poverty amongst their neighbours. Instead, park authorities should take the lead in forming partnerships to mobilize the combined resources and expertise of other national and provincial government agencies, NGOs and the private sector, as well as the local communities themselves. Community participation in wildlife tourism may best be achievable through joint ventures with the private sector or park management authorities.
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Guido, Jorgelina M., Pablo AE Alarcón, José A. Donázar, Fernando Hiraldo, and Sergio A. Lambertucci. "The use of biosphere reserves by a wide-ranging avian scavenger indicates its significant potential for conservation." Environmental Conservation 47, no. 1 (September 13, 2019): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892919000304.
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SummaryThe framing of environmental conservation has been changing, mainly towards a reconciliation between human needs and nature conservation. A major challenge of biosphere reserves (BRs) is the integration of biodiversity conservation and the sustainable development of local communities. Although these areas are large, they are often not large enough to contain the movements of wide-ranging species. We studied immature Andean condor (Vultur gryphus) movements to evaluate their habitat use in relation to protected areas (PAs). We particularly aimed to determine whether BRs significantly increase the protection of this wide-ranging species. We analysed the movement overlap of 26 GPS-tagged birds with the PAs of Patagonia, and we evaluated preferences for particular landscape categories with a use–availability design. Condors were mainly located in unprotected areas (56.4%), whereas 26.4% of locations were within International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) PAs and 17.2% of locations were in BRs (not including IUCN PAs). When compared to availability, birds preferred BRs over other areas, highlighting the importance of BRs in protecting species that forage in humanized areas. However, the lack of controls and management policies expose condors to several threats, such as poisoning and persecution, in both private lands and BRs. Implementing strict management practices for BRs will help to conserve wide-ranging scavengers that feed in humanized areas.
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Negrões, Nuno, Eloy Revilla, Carlos Fonseca, Amadeu M. V. M. Soares, Anah T. A. Jácomo, and Leandro Silveira. "Private forest reserves can aid in preserving the community of medium and large-sized vertebrates in the Amazon arc of deforestation." Biodiversity and Conservation 20, no. 3 (December 24, 2010): 505–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-010-9961-3.
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Rivera, Luis, Natalia Politi, and Enrique H. Bucher. "Decline of the Tucumán parrot Amazona tucumana in Argentina: present status and conservation needs." Oryx 41, no. 1 (January 2007): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605306001384.
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The Tucumán parrot Amazona tucumana is a rare, Near Threatened species on CITES Appendix I with a restricted range in the tropical and subtropical montane forests of Argentina and Bolivia. We assessed the conservation status of the species in Argentina based on a detailed review of available information and an extensive survey throughout its range. A total of 6,015 individuals were detected in 14 sites, eight of which are new localities. The total number recorded in this study represents less than a third of the number exported from Argentina between 1985 and 1989 (18,641), indicating a significant reduction in population size. Research needs to be extended to additional sites, especially in Bolivia, to assess further the global status of the species, and high priority given to the creation of state and private reserves for the species.
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Tadese, Semegnew, Teshome Soromessa, Tesefaye Bekele, and Getaneh Gebeyehu. "Woody Species Composition, Vegetation Structure, and Regeneration Status of Majang Forest Biosphere Reserves in Southwestern Ethiopia." International Journal of Forestry Research 2021 (June 3, 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5534930.
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The aim of this study was to analyse the species composition, structures, and regeneration of woody plant species and the impacts of site factors on the natural regeneration of tree species in four study sites of MFBR. The vegetation data were collected systematically in 140 plots with the size of 400 m2 for trees; 25 m2 for seedlings, saplings, shrubs, and lianas; and 1 m2 for herbs. Individual tree and shrub DBH ≥ 5 cm were measured and counted. The diameter at breast height (DBH), frequency, basal area, importance value index (IVI), and density were used for vegetation structure description and regeneration. A total of 158 plant species belonging to 115 genera, 56 families, and 80 species (51%) trees, 26 (16%) shrubs, 19 (12%) herbs, and 33 (21%) lianas were identified and recorded. The most dominant families were Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae, and Moraceae, each represented by 13 species (7.4%), 12 species (6.8%), and 10 species (5.7%), respectively. The tree densities varied from 1232 to 1478 stem ha−1, sapling density 176.8 to 708.7 stem ha−1, and seedling density 534.7 to 1657.5 stem ha−1, with an average basal area of 63.6 m2 in the study sites. Dracaena afromontana was the most frequent woody species in the MFBR occurring in 90% followed by Celtis zenkeri (65%) and Pouteria altissima (62.5%). The regeneration status of all the woody plant species was categorised as “not regenerate” (9.6%), “poor” (30.7%), “fair” (59.5%), and “good” (10.8%) in all sites. The correlation result between natural regeneration and site factors revealed both positive and negative relationships. However, the main threat to the biosphere reserve is illegal logging for different purposes. Therefore, awareness creation on sustainable forest management, utilisation, conservation of priority species, and livelihood diversification to the local community and encouraging community and private woodlot plantation in the transitional zone of biosphere reserves are recommended.
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Lixinski, Lucas. "Case of the Kaliña and Lokono Peoples v. Suriname." American Journal of International Law 111, no. 1 (January 2017): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ajil.2017.5.
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On November 25, 2015, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (Court) held that the state of Suriname had violated the rights of two indigenous groups by denying recognition of their juridical personality and their entitlement to collective property and judicial protection. In Kaliña and Lokono Peoples v. Suriname, the Court also considered the impact of nature reserves on indigenous land rights, as well as the legitimacy of private titling of property that encroaches on land for which collective title has not been attained. The decision pushes the Court's previous jurisprudence significantly—and somewhat controversially—by asserting that under the American Convention on Human Rights, indigenous peoples are entitled, as collective entities, to recognition of their legal personality. In so doing, the Court challenged ordinary assumptions about the individualized character of most adjudication regarding international human rights and made the possibility of enforcing collective rights more palpable.
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Daniels, R. J. Ranjit, M. D. Subash Chandran, and Madhav Gadgil. "A Strategy for Conserving the Biodiversity of the Uttara Kannada District in South India." Environmental Conservation 20, no. 2 (1993): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900037620.
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Taking the various values ascribed to biodiversity as its point of departure rather many years ago, the present study aims at deriving a conservation strategy for Uttara Kannada. This hilly district, with the highest proportion of its area under forests in South India, is divided into five ecological zones: coastal, northern evergreen, southern evergreen, moist deciduous, and dry deciduous. The heavily-populated coastal zone includes mangrove forests and estuarine wetlands. The evergreen forests are particularly rich in the diversity of plant species which they support — including wild relatives of a number of cultivated plants. They also serve a vital function in watershed conservation. The moist deciduous forests are rich in bird species; both moist and dry deciduous forests include a number of freshwater ponds and lakes that support a high diversity of aquatic birds.Reviewing the overall distribution of biodiversity, we identify specific localities — including estuaries, evergreen forests, and moist deciduous forests — which should be set aside as Nature reserves. These larger reserves must be complemented by a network of traditionally-protected sacred groves and sacred trees that are distributed throughout the district and that protect today, for instance, the finest surviving stand of dipterocarp trees.We also spell out the necessary policy-changes in overall development strategy that should stem the ongoing decimation of biodiversity. These include (1) revitalizing community-based systems of sustainable management of village forests and protection of sacred groves and trees; (2) reorienting the usage-pattern of reserve forests from production of a limited variety of timber and softwood species for industrial consumers, to production of a larger diversity of non-wood forest produce of commercial value to support the rural economy; (3) utilizing marginal lands under private ownership for generating industrial wood supplies; and (4) provision of incentives for in situ maintenance of land-races of cultivated plants — especially evergreen, fruit-yielding trees — by the local people.It is proposed that this broad framework be now taken to the local communities, and that an action-plan be developed on the basis of inputs provided — and initiatives taken — by them.
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Slavíková, Lenka, Zdenka Smutná, Marta Žambochová, and Vladislav Valentinov. "Public and community conservation of biodiversity—rivalry or cooperation?" GeoScape 14, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/geosc-2020-0004.
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AbstractAlthough private or community initiatives for biodiversity conservation (such as land trusts) have a strong tradition in many countries, rigorous evidence of recently evolved movements in post-socialist countries is missing. This study describes the evolution of Czech land trust movement and analyses their representatives’ motivation for engagement in biodiversity conservation. It also investigates the intensity of interaction among public and land trust conservation efforts. For this purpose, we identified localities in which the territory managed by Czech land trusts overlaps with small-scale public nature reserves managed by regional governments. We conducted semi-structured face-to-face interviews with representatives of all NGOs and regional officials in-charge. Our qualitative analysis revealed that some regional biodiversity conservation officials see land trusts as partners, but others are rather indifferent to, or uninformed about, their activities. Additionally, land trust representatives see themselves as complementing the public effort: their main motivation for engagement is to facilitate biodiversity conservation in addition to the public provision.
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Simoneau, Alexandre, Martin Aubé, and Andrea Bertolo. "Multispectral analysis of the night sky brightness and its origin for the Asiago Observatory, Italy." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 491, no. 3 (December 4, 2019): 4398–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3406.
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ABSTRACT Night protection has been a major concern for astronomers since the electrification of cities and is beginning to be recognized as a major environmental problem. In recent years, regulations have been put in place through the establishment of Dark Sky Reserves that impose stringent constraints on lighting practices for cities in protected areas. Astronomers from the Asiago Observatory, located in the Veneto region of Italy, would like to create an area of this nature around their facilities to improve and protect the quality of their astronomical observations. This study assesses the current state of the sky in the region through numerical modelling using the latest improvements to the ILLUMINA model and aims to identify the main contributing sources of artificial light. The explicit calculation of the contribution of private residential lighting helps to discern the origin of the light. We also present a new approach for extracting an estimate of the distribution of lamp technology in a region from images taken from the International Space Station.
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Mwakalobo, Adam, Abiud Kaswamila, Alex Kira, Onesmo Chawala, and Timothy Tear. "Tourism Regional Multiplier Effects in Tanzania: Analysis of Singita Grumeti Reserves Tourism in the Mara Region." Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 4 (July 30, 2016): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n4p44.
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<p>The main focus of this study was to establish the economic impacts of a single tourism business operated in a rural area on a regional economy in Africa. This paper presents a case study of the regional multiplier effects of Singita Grumeti Reserves’ (SGR) tourism investment in the Mara region, Tanzania. The recursive Keynesian multiplier approach was used to identify significant economic multiplier effects larger than any other multiplier effects we could find published for relevant, comparable studies (Type 1 average 1.57 from 2008-2013, range 1.24 – 1.81). This result was contrary to economic theory that predicts the multiplier effect in this case should be low given the small area of investment in comparison to the much larger regional economy. In addition, these results represent underestimates, as the multiplier effects established in this study did not factor in substantial positive environmental and socio economic impacts accrued from SGR’s non-profit partner organization, the Grumeti Fund. Consequently, our study findings present compelling evidence that SGR tourism investments, when combined with the Grumeti Fund’s conservation and community development activities, demonstrate a pro-poor economic approach of substantial benefit to the Tanzanian economy. This was possible because the investment made by one private company is relatively substantial in comparison to the limited government services provided to the Mara Region, where nearly half of the 1.7 million people in this region remain in the poverty trap. These results provide compelling evidence that this type of high-value low-volume tourism investment can also contribute to sustainable and equitable socioeconomic development when paired with conservation and community development efforts. This assessment also demonstrates the value of ecosystem services derived from conserving Tanzania’s rich and globally significant natural heritage for the benefit of both people and nature. As there is more tourism potential in Tanzania, Tanzanian government authorities at all levels should consider encouraging and supporting similar tourism investments (i.e., high-value low-volume tourism model). This support could be tailored to providing incentives such as tax rate reduction or exemptions to encourage this specific type of tourism investment. Private investment is particularly important in rural and underserved regions in Tanzania– like the Mara Region – where there have been limited economic investments despite substantial opportunities for economic growth. </p>
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Gantner, Urs. "Verdichten mit «Greening», oder was wir von Singapur lernen können (Essay)." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 166, no. 4 (April 1, 2015): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2015.0219.
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Densification by greening, or what we can learn from Singapore (essay) Singapore, a city-state with a high population density, wants to give its population, its tourists and its economy a living and livable city and has developed the concept of the Garden City. Parks, nature reserves, forest, green corridors, trees, botanical gardens, horizontal and vertical greening of buildings, as well as popular participation, are all important for this vision of the city. Singapore is counting on dense construction alongside “greening” and biodiversity. Let us be prepared to learn from Singapore's example! Our land is also a non-renewable resource. To protect our ever more limited agricultural land, we should renounce any extension of building land, and free ourselves from the expanding carpets of suburban development. Let us build multiple urban neighbourhoods with mixed use and more biodiversity. Let us develop new types of communal gardens. Urban gardens in the widest sense – from private gardens to garden cooperatives, to parks and botanical gardens – are a part of our living space. The city should be our garden.
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Troy, Jeff R., Nick D. Holmes, Joseph A. Veech, André F. Raine, and M. Clay Green. "Habitat Suitability Modeling for the Newell's Shearwater on Kauai." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 5, no. 2 (September 1, 2014): 315–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/112013-jfwm-074.
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Abstract The Newell's shearwater, or ‘A’o Puffinus newelli, is endemic to the main islands of the Hawaiian Archipelago and is listed as endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List and as threatened under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Using abiotic and biotic environmental variables, we developed a terrestrial habitat suitability model for this species on Kauai to predict habitat that could be suitable in the absence of anthropogenic threats. In addition, we developed a habitat/threat-isolation index incorporating information from our suitability model to identify regions of structurally suitable habitat with less exposure to certain anthropogenic threats (relative to other portions of the island). The habitat suitability model suggests that slope, density of rock fragments within the soil, and native vegetation cover are important factors associated with the current known distribution of the Newell's shearwater on Kauai, and that a moderate portion of the sloped interior terrain of Kauai could potentially be suitable nesting habitat for this species. The habitat/threat-isolation index identified the mountains on the north-central portion of the island as structurally suitable habitat most isolated from a combination of major anthropogenic disturbances (relative to other portions of the island). Much of this region, however, is privately owned and not designated as an official reserve, which could indicate a need for increased conservation action in this region in the future. This information is important for conservation biologists and private landowners because expanding efforts to control nonnative predators, as well as management of additional lands as reserves, may be necessary for the protection and preservation of the Newell's shearwater.
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Hoogesteijn, Rafael, and Colin A. Chapman. "Large ranches as conservation tools in the Venezuelan llanos." Oryx 31, no. 4 (October 1997): 274–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.1997.d01-16.x.
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Traditionally, wildlife conservation efforts have concentrated on the establishment of national parks and reserves. Additional strategies are needed if we are to conserve more than a small proportion of the world's natural habitats and their wildlife. One such strategy is the application of wildlife conservation regulations by private land owners on their properties. This paper uses examples of ranches in the seasonally flooded llanos of Venezuela to evaluate if effective wildlife conservation can coexist with sustainable wildlife use and cattle production. Income estimates derived from cattle production data varied among ranches from $US7.1 to $US26.4 per ha, while estimates of potential additional income through regulated capybara Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris and caiman Caiman crocodilus exploitation ranged up to $US7.7 per ha. The economic benefits of capybara and caiman harvests can be realized only by protecting wildlife habitat. Thus, it is suggested that large ranches in the llanos can play a major role in wildlife conservation as well as provide economic gains for those involved. Common denominators for success are: personal involvement of owners, effective patrolling systems, co-operation of neighbouring ranchers in patrolling activities, and ranches being located far from densely populated areas. For the programmes to succeed in the long term, government and conservation agencies will need to give more support to landowners.
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Ramírez, Anapaula. "Un relato etnográfico de la conciencia ecológica: historias y prácticas cotidianas de transformación y resistencia/ An ethnographic account of ecological consciousness: stories and daily practices of transformation and resistance." Letras Verdes. Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Socioambientales, no. 24 (September 21, 2018): 181–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.17141/letrasverdes.24.2018.3245.
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En este artículo se explora la relación entre la humanidad y la naturaleza, con el propósito de indagar en cómo se construye una conciencia ecológica. A través de un estudio etnográfico se mantuvo conversaciones profundas con tres personas que viven en reservas naturales en diferentes partes de Ecuador, con el objetivo de explorar sus historias de vida en relación con el territorio que habitan. El análisis de estas historias se enmarca en la teoría de la ética ambiental, la antropología ecológica, y la teoría de la práctica. Asimismo, se define lo que se entiende por conciencia ecológica y se identifican las áreas prioritarias de conservación a nivel mundial y en Ecuador, para resaltar la importancia de la conservación privada. A través del uso de herramientas metodológicas como las historias de vida, la observación participante y el diario de campo, se profundiza en la vida de tres practicantes de la conservación para analizar motivaciones y prácticas que dan cuenta de una conciencia ecológica.
Abstract
This article explores the relationship between humanity and nature, with the purpose of deepening our knowledge on how an ecological conscience is built. In this ethnographic study, conversations were held with three different persons who live in natural reserves in Ecuador, with the objective of exploring their life story and relating it to the territory they inhabit. These stories are framed in the theory of environmental ethics, the theory of the social actor, and the theory of practice, through which we analyze the motivations and transformations towards an ecological consciousness. The history of conservation in Ecuador is also described, making visible the various tools for conservation and their level of incidence in this country. Likewise, hotspots were identified worldwide and in Ecuador, to highlight the importance of private conservation, and finally define what is meant by ecological awareness. Through a qualitative-interpretative paradigm, and the use of methodological tools such as life stories, participant observation, and a field diary, the life of three conservation practitioners is analyzed in depth to identify motivations and practices that give account of an ecological consciousness.
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Superina, Mariella, Alexandra Cortés Duarte, and Fernando Trujillo. "Connecting research, management, education and policy for the conservation of armadillos in the Orinoco Llanos of Colombia." Oryx 53, no. 1 (November 12, 2018): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605318000790.
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AbstractSuccessful conservation actions require strategies that combine research, policy formulation and enforcement, practical interventions and education. Here we review the Armadillo Conservation Programme, which was initiated in 2012 as a pioneering multidisciplinary programme for the conservation and management of five armadillo species in the Orinoco Llanos of Colombia. It is led by a multi-institutional alliance that ensures active participation of stakeholders during all stages of the programme. Six main threats affecting armadillo populations in the Llanos were identified, and these were addressed in the first joint action plan of two Colombian environmental authorities. Scientific research facilitated an increase in the knowledge available about the armadillos of the Llanos, and the recategorization of the northern long-nosed armadilloDasypus sabanicolaon the IUCN Red List. Threat evaluation and mitigation included the assessment of illegal bushmeat trade and consumption in local restaurants and the establishment of a certification label for restaurants that do not sell wild meat. Multiple strategies were used to raise awareness about armadillos and position them as flagship species for the Llanos, including education programmes in schools, travelling exhibitions, talks at universities, and the publication of several books. The local communities were actively involved through a network of private reserves committed to the conservation of armadillos, in which armadillos are protected from poaching and monitored by farmers. Breeding and rehabilitation facilities were established that can host confiscated armadillos and raise awareness among the local communities. This case study shows that conservation programmes targeted at inconspicuous and poorly known species can be successful.
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Gribincea, Corina. "The Role of the Decision System from the Perspective of the Moldovan Rural Tourism." Історико-політичні проблеми сучасного світу, no. 37-38 (December 12, 2018): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/mhpi2018.37-38.158-165.
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In the last few decades, tourism activity at both international and national level is confronted with multiple problems that require innovative and optimal solutions for the revival of tourism. The enterprise occupies a decisive place on the national rural tourism market through a certain range of services, a certain group of partner travel agencies, a certain group of loyal consumers and a certain promotion policy. This article draws on ainvestigation regarding the management's characteristic by analyzing and developing an optimal tourism portfolio for an enterprise, operating in a concrete informational and economic framework. In the center of the investigation are the individual enterprises, specialized in the rural tourism activities in the OrheiulVechi Archaeological Landscape.
According to the Law no. 251 of 04.12.2008 of the Republic of Moldova for the protection, preservation and salvation of the present and future generations of the cultural landscape "Orheiul Vechi" - an ensemble of historical-cultural and natural-landscape monuments in the river Raut river, the micro zone of the Trebujeni, Butuceni and Moroia from Orhei district, of exceptional value for the national and international civilization, as well as historically and scientifically. The reservation includes the following cultural-historical and natural components, with an analytically determined area, using geo-referenced vectors in a stereographic national projection system: a) The Orheiul Vechi Museum Complex, which occupies the central area of the reservation and has historical reservation status -archaeological, constituted in accordance with the Decision no.77 of the Soviet Ministers of the Moldovan SSR of 15 March 1968; b) "Trebujeni" Landscape Reserve, which occupies the western sector of the cultural landscape and is an integral part of the natural protected areas fund under the Law no.1538-XIII of 25 February 1998 on the state of nature reserves protected by the state; c) forest massifs managed by the "Moldsilva" Forestry Agency; d) the villages of Trebujeni, Butuceni and Morovaia; e) agricultural and grazing lands, roads owned by Trebujeni commune; f) adjacent sectors with agricultural and grazing lands, roads owned by Ivancea, Susleni (Orhei district), Holercani (Dubasari district) and Maşcăuţi (Criuleni district); g). private agricultural land; h) agrotourism boarding houses and private holiday homes.
As result of research has been obtained comparative data on rural tourism in the central area of the Republic of Moldova on several indicators, as well as the dimensions of the decisions risks implementation regarding the renewal of the tourist product.
Keywords: decisional system, valorification, rural tourism, Republic of Moldova, tourism management
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Lewis, Tom, Peter J. Clarke, Ralph D. B. Whalley, and Nick Reid. "What drives plant biodiversity in the clay floodplain grasslands of NSW?" Rangeland Journal 31, no. 3 (2009): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj08056.
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An assessment of the relative influences of management and environment on the composition of floodplain grasslands of north-western New South Wales was made using a regional vegetation survey sampling a range of land tenures (e.g. private property, travelling stock routes and nature reserves). A total of 364 taxa belonging to 55 different plant families was recorded. Partitioning of variance with redundancy analysis determined that environmental variables accounted for a greater proportion (61.3%) of the explained variance in species composition than disturbance-related variables (37.6%). Soil type (and fertility), sampling time and rainfall had a strong influence on species composition and there were also east–west variations in composition across the region. Of the disturbance-related variables, cultivation, stocking rate and flooding frequency were all influential. Total, native, forb, shrub and subshrub richness were positively correlated with increasing time since cultivation. Flood frequency was positively correlated with graminoid species richness and was negatively correlated with total and forb species richness. Site species richness was also influenced by environmental variables (e.g. soil type and rainfall). Despite the resilience of these grasslands, some forms of severe disturbance (e.g. several years of cultivation) can result in removal of some dominant perennial grasses (e.g. Astrebla spp.) and an increase in disturbance specialists. A simple heuristic transitional model is proposed that has conceptual thresholds for plant biodiversity status. This knowledge representation may be used to assist in the management of these grasslands by defining four broad levels of community richness and the drivers that change this status.
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Soshenskyi, Oleksandr, Sergiy Zibtsev, Vasyl Gumeniuk, Johann Georg Goldammer, Roman Vasylyshyn, and Volodymyr Blyshchyk. "The current landscape fire management in Ukraine and strategy for its improvement." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/environ-2021-0009.
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Abstract Recurrent wildfires in Ukraine exert severe impacts on the environment, human health and security as well as damage to private and public assets. From 2007 to 2020, the frequency of large wildfires has increased and reached a level that has not occurred previously. The period during April-October 2020 was the worst in modern Ukrainian history for the occurrence of catastrophic fires, e.g. in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (67 000 ha), Zhytomyr oblast (43 000 ha), Lugansk oblast (35 000 ha) and Kharkiv oblast (8 000 ha). In Ukraine there is the additional problem of open burning, mainly burning agriculture residues, which covers two million hectares (ha) annually. State forestry enterprises who are responsible for the management of 71% of the Ukrainian forests (7.6 million ha)and agricultural holdings are also responsible for the management of 41.3 million ha of croplands. The remaining forest users manage forest areas of 3.1 million ha within reserves and national nature parks. This article presents a brief overview of the problem of forest fires as well as of fires in other landscapes in Ukraine, and includes a critical reviews of the current wildfire management system and a description of the main features of the national wildfire management strategy. It also highlights the results of a survey of numerous stakeholders conducted on landscape fires in Ukraine. Based on the review of global and regional experiences, as well as existing fire risks in Ukraine, recommendations were developed for implementing an integrated landscape level national fire management approach.
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Khrenova-Shymkina, R. "PROJECT ACTIVITIES OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES AS OBJECTS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH." Series: Economic scienceue/view/124 2, no. 155 (April 3, 2020): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-2-155-48-57.
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The article deals with the nature and content of project activity as an object of scientific research. It is determined that the project management toolkit provides opportunities for ensuring the efficiency of public administration and the need for its decentralization, facilitating business development by improving the provision of public services, while reducing their cost and complexity. The essence of the concept of project management has been investigated and the relationship of projects with the activities of public authorities, the government, which can be traced through the implementation of programs at the state level or measures to fulfill the commitments undertaken by local authorities, has been identified. Attention is drawn to the fact that the project activity of public authorities has a number of features, among which the key are its regulation (time constraint), compliance with community requests, focus on territorial unit development and openness. The author also suggested a scheme of project activity and considered all components of this process. Particular attention is paid to the factors that improve the effectiveness of project implementation: the knowledge component - human capital, process monitoring, sources of funding and communications. The article also presents the author's classification of the project activity of public authorities, depending on the goals, the main types of project activity were separated: social orientation (solving problems of overcoming poverty, preserving the health of the population, observing human rights, ensuring the well-being and safety of children, etc.); infrastructural character (development of public transport network, improvement of public services, improvement of logistics on roads, location and number of pre-school educational institutions, etc.); environmental orientation (environmental protection, conservation of reserves, construction of treatment plants and introduction of the best treatment technologies, development of secondary production, etc.); investment nature (development of recreation and tourism areas, the spread of digital technologies in public services (SMART technologies), implementation of joint projects with business companies within the framework of corporate social responsibility programs and public-private partnerships, etc.). Keywords: project activity, public authorities, human capital, communications, monitoring.
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Shirokov, K. M. "Features of the Legal Regime of the Land Plots within the Boundaries of Protected Areas of Specially Protected Natural Territories." Pravosudie / Justice 2, no. 2 (June 11, 2020): 195–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.37399/issn2686-9241.2020.2.195-213.
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Introduction. This article is devoted to the analysis of the peculiarities of the legal regime of land plots within the boundaries of protected zones of specially protected natural territories. Due to their special significance and uniqueness, specially protected natural territories form the nature reserve fund of the Russian Federation with a special mechanism for protection and protection from negative anthropogenic impact. Protected areas are one of the measures to protect such specially protected natural areas as state nature reserves, national parks, natural parks and natural monuments, as well as one of the most important elements of the legal regime of lands of specially protected natural areas. The creation of data on specially protected natural areas, as a rule, is followed by the subsequent approval of the regulations on their protected zones. Since the legislation does not have peremptory norms on the mandatory creation of protection zones, such zones are not widespread at the federal and regional levels. Theoretical Basis. Methods. An important role in the process of studying the peculiarities of the legal regime of land plots within the boundaries of specially protected natural territories was played by systematic, comparative, formal-legal methods. Results. The features of the establishment, modification and termination of the protection zones of specially protected natural areas, as well as the features of coordination of their borders and the entry of information into cadasters and registers are considered. Based on a comprehensive analysis of judicial practice, conclusions are drawn about the need to improve the mechanism for determining the feasibility of economic activity on land in protected areas. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of the legislation of the Russian Federation and the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on protected areas of specially protected natural territories of federal and regional significance and the legal regime of land plots within their borders. Discussion and Conclusion. This study showed that the establishment of protected areas of specially protected natural areas significantly affects the legal regime of land within their borders. Despite the fact that the turnover of these land plots is not limited, they are not withdrawn or redeemed from private property, individually defined characteristics are not significantly changed, but at the same time restrictions are set on the possibility of carrying out economic and other activities, the need for additional coordination with state bodies authorities order to carry out such activities on land. Changes associated with the establishment of protective zones entail a change in the cadastral and market value of land, and as a result, the right of land owners to demand compensation from state authorities for civil and land laws.
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Shirokov, K. M. "Features of the Legal Regime of the Land Plots within the Boundaries of Protected Areas of Specially Protected Natural Territories." Pravosudie / Justice 2, no. 2 (June 11, 2020): 195–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.37399/issn2686-9241.2020.2.195-213.
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Introduction. This article is devoted to the analysis of the peculiarities of the legal regime of land plots within the boundaries of protected zones of specially protected natural territories. Due to their special significance and uniqueness, specially protected natural territories form the nature reserve fund of the Russian Federation with a special mechanism for protection and protection from negative anthropogenic impact. Protected areas are one of the measures to protect such specially protected natural areas as state nature reserves, national parks, natural parks and natural monuments, as well as one of the most important elements of the legal regime of lands of specially protected natural areas. The creation of data on specially protected natural areas, as a rule, is followed by the subsequent approval of the regulations on their protected zones. Since the legislation does not have peremptory norms on the mandatory creation of protection zones, such zones are not widespread at the federal and regional levels. Theoretical Basis. Methods. An important role in the process of studying the peculiarities of the legal regime of land plots within the boundaries of specially protected natural territories was played by systematic, comparative, formal-legal methods. Results. The features of the establishment, modification and termination of the protection zones of specially protected natural areas, as well as the features of coordination of their borders and the entry of information into cadasters and registers are considered. Based on a comprehensive analysis of judicial practice, conclusions are drawn about the need to improve the mechanism for determining the feasibility of economic activity on land in protected areas. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of the legislation of the Russian Federation and the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on protected areas of specially protected natural territories of federal and regional significance and the legal regime of land plots within their borders. Discussion and Conclusion. This study showed that the establishment of protected areas of specially protected natural areas significantly affects the legal regime of land within their borders. Despite the fact that the turnover of these land plots is not limited, they are not withdrawn or redeemed from private property, individually defined characteristics are not significantly changed, but at the same time restrictions are set on the possibility of carrying out economic and other activities, the need for additional coordination with state bodies authorities order to carry out such activities on land. Changes associated with the establishment of protective zones entail a change in the cadastral and market value of land, and as a result, the right of land owners to demand compensation from state authorities for civil and land laws.
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NIKOLAYCHUK, Tetyana. "VOUCHING ACTIVITIES IN THE FIELD OF NATURE RESERVE FUND: MAIN THEORETICAL ASPECTS." Economic innovations 22, no. 3(76) (September 20, 2020): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2020.22.3(76).87-97.
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Topicality. Vouching is an integral part of the economy in the whole world, but in Ukraine this form of business organization is staying at the initial stage of its development. There are many international companies that are interested in eco-vouching their services in Ukraine. The eco-start-up "vouching" serves as a corporate strategy of small and medium enterprises. Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is represented vouching, as public private partnership, which can attribute economic privileges to the results of innovation activities. Our research is devoted to the problems of the formation and use the vouching tool in the field of conservation work, advantages and disadvantages of implementing the mechanism of vouching contracts are considered both for the NRF institutions, and for representatives of the private sector of the economics. Research results. The vouching tool can also become a form environmentally oriented business activities, a development vector of cooperation of naturally reserved fund institutions and representatives of the private sector, who want to carry out their activities taking into account environmental imperatives and produce truly ecologically pure products, but first of all corresponding contractual mechanism must be formalized into a legal structure and an independent object of normative-legal regulation. Conclusion. The formation of vouching agreements as legal construct, an independent object of normative and legal regulations in Ukraine and forms of public-private partnership in the reserve area requires detailed and complex analysis not only from the point of view of theoretical and methodological aspects, but the development of effective instruments and mechanisms for implementing such agreements in a practical field as well. Investigation of the vouching, as economic and social method for regulating environmentally directed entrepreneurial activity in the field of conservation, will enable to develop the level and infrastructure of the paid services system, which may be provided by institutions of Naturally Reserved Fund of Ukraine.
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Versiani, Natalia F., Larissa L. Bailey, Nielson Pasqualotto, Thiago F. Rodrigues, Roberta M. Paolino, Vinicius Alberici, and Adriano G. Chiarello. "Protected areas and unpaved roads mediate habitat use of the giant anteater in anthropogenic landscapes." Journal of Mammalogy 102, no. 3 (February 18, 2021): 802–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyab004.
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Abstract The drastic reduction of the Brazilian Cerrado has transformed this savanna hotspot into vast swaths of commodity-based agriculture fields, mainly soybean, sugarcane, and beef-production pasturelands. The resulting habitat loss and fragmentation are the principal factors underlying population decline of native species inhabiting the Cerrado, particularly those with a high demand for space, low population density, and specialized diet, such as the endangered giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla). Although the species has been studied in protected areas, we know much less about its ability to endure in disturbed landscapes. Here, we analyzed camera-trapping data to estimate a proxy of habitat use (ψ^; occupancy) and detection probabilities of the giant anteater, identifying environmental covariates influencing these parameters in landscapes with intensive agriculture and commercial forestry. We found this species using about half of the study area (model average ψ^ = 0.51, CI = 0.40–0.62), with two predictors strongly influencing habitat use: protected areas and unpaved roads. In turn, detection probability correlates positively with area of open Cerrado and negatively with area of settlements. The species is more likely to use unpaved roads inside protected areas (ψ^ = 0.90, CI = 0.47–0.75), compared to off road sites in the surrounding areas (ψ^ = 0.19, CI = 0.10–0.34). Our findings indicate that giant anteaters are dependent on nature reserves and native vegetation areas existing on private properties, whose protection is regulated by the Brazilian Native Vegetation Protection Law. Given the relative paucity of state-owned protected areas in the Brazilian Cerrado, increasing the adherence of rural owners to this law is, therefore, key for the conservation of the giant anteater. The intense use of unpaved roads might reflect travelling and/or foraging optimization, a behavioral response that, nevertheless, may compound this species’ susceptibility to suffer mortality from roadkill.
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MIHAILUK, E. L. "MARKETING INSTRUMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL TOURISM." Economic innovations 20, no. 3(68) (September 20, 2018): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2018.20.3(68).145-154.
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Topicality. The article covers the issues of implementation of marketing tools for the development of the ecological direction of rural tourism. Tourism development can become a "catalyst" for economic growth in rural areas: tourism activity is attractive to small start-up investments, because for peasants who have very limited funds, this is a practically crucial moment; tourism is a profitable branch of economy with a high level of profitability, with a minimum payback period, which is very important for the quick income generation. Aim and tasks. The only way to solve systemic problems in the field of tourism is a strategically oriented state policy, the main task of which is to define tourism as one of the main priorities of the state, the introduction of economic and legal mechanisms for the successful conduct of tourism business, investment mechanisms for the development of tourism infrastructure, information and marketing activities with formation of tourist image of Ukraine. Research results. Results For the successful development of rural tourism and tourism in general in Ukraine, it is necessary to ensure the integrated development of territories, in particular the creation of favorable conditions for attracting investment in the development of tourism infrastructure by: monitoring investment proposals for the development of tourism infrastructure in the regions; preparation of a cathlass of investment projects in the field of tourism and resorts to represent potential domestic and foreign investors; the involvement of investment projects in the field of tourism and resorts in international fairs of investment projects. �wner village (guest) houses can not independently provide a wide range of leisure activities for their guests. Therefore, they need to cooperate with other structures that serve the guests of the village. Usually such partners are: � objects of community food (taverns, bars, roadside cafes); � owners of means of transport (traditional, retro options); � centers of folk crafts and crafts production; � artistic and ethno-folk groups; � municipal and private museums; � the administration of natural parks. Supporting the region in resource support: - cartographic and advertising-cartographic support, as a rule, is necessary at the level of the region (the only tourist area); - Information and advertising resources of the region (TV and other mass media, regional specialized sites, etc.); - training for tourism industry: effective coordination at the regional level; - Information and advisory support: effective organization at the regional level (including, with the involvement of external expertise, including international). Conclusions. In order to achieve the goals within the specified priority areas, it is necessary to ensure effective interaction of legal, organizational, economic and financial mechanisms of state regulation of tourism and resorts development. Prospects for rural tourism development in Ukraine appear to be potentially favorable given the presence of significant natural resources. �he flowering of rural recreation should take place under active cooperation with nature conservation institutions of a certain region (according to Article 9 of the Law of Ukraine "On the Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine", subject to compliance with the environmental protection regime established by this Law and other acts of Ukrainian legislation, provides use them for recreational and other recreational purposes). Ukraine has powerful natural and recreational opportunities, for example, five biosphere reserves, national natural parks: Carpathian, Hutsulshchyna, Vyzhnytsky, Yavorivsky.
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Souza Oliveira, Murilo de Alencar, and Paulo dos Santos Pires. "USO PÚBLICO NAS RESERVAS PARTICULARES DO PATRIMÔNIO NATURAL - CONVERGÊNCIA ENTRE TURISMO E CONSERVAÇÃO AMBIENTAL NO BRASIL DOI: 10.5773/rgsa.v5i3.307." Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 5, no. 3 (March 22, 2012): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v5i3.307.
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RESUMO
O trabalho abordou o uso público nas Reservas Particulares do Patrimônio Natural/RPPNs como possibilidade de convergência entre atividades de turismo e conservação ambiental no país. Justifica-se as RPPNs como objeto de estudo por serem Unidades de Conversação/UCs ambiental, privadas, autorizadas à exploração econômica de seus recursos mediante uso público (turismo, educação ambiental e pesquisa), desde que voltadas para sustentabilidade própria e das comunidades do entorno. O estudo consistiu de análise exploratória quantitativa por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica sobre Turismo, UCs e RPPNs, e pesquisa documental, baseada em dados secundários da Confederação Nacional de RPPNs [CNRPPN] de 2010. Para tratamento dos dados utilizou-se Análise de Conteúdo e para configuração de tabelas e gráficos dos resultados empregou-se planilha eletrônica MS-Excel. Apresentou-se o estado atual e distribuição geográfica de 931 RPPNs. Identificou-se 37 RPPNs que possuem atividades de uso público, compatibilizam atividades de turismo e conservação ambiental, a partir do respeito aos ideais do desenvolvimento sustentável. Assim, podem obter recursos (taxas de acesso, hospedagem, passeios) para remunerar e capacitar funcionários, construir estruturas de apoio à pesquisa e regularizar e implementar seu funcionamento em prol da manutenção da biodiversidade. Conclui-se que as RPPNs podem realizar atividades de turismo aliadas a educação ambiental e melhoria de renda e condições de trabalho para as comunidades locais. Sugere-se estudo sobre os fatores determinantes para criação e sustentabilidade de RPPNs e verificação de seu papel na geração de oportunidades de empregos, renda e na mitigação dos efeitos deletérios do viver humano na natureza.
Palavras-chave: Ecoturismo; RPPNs; Uso Público; Sustentabilidade do Turismo.
ABSTRACT
This work addresses the public use of Private Natural Heritage Reserves (RPPNs) in Brazil, as a factor for combining tourism with environmental conservation. The RPPNs are justified as an object of study due to the fact that they are sustainably managed Conservation Units (CUs), and are in the private domain, therefore they can be exploited for economic gain through public use (tourism, environmental education and research) and sustainable management of their resources. The study consists of a quantitative exploratory analysis, by means of a bibliographic review of Tourism, CUs and RPPNs, and document research based on secondary data of the National Confederation of RPPNs. For the data analysis, an electronic MS-Excel spreadsheet was used, with analysis of content based on geopolitical, biophysical, legal and regulatory criteria in the scope of the National System of Conservation Units. The results present the current situation and geographical distribution of the 931 RPPNs, including 37 RPPNs that have activities of public use, combining tourism activities with environmental conservation. Thus, they are also qualified to obtain resources through the charging of admission fees, accommodation, and recreation activities, as well as specific financing to enable their operation, seeking to meet the essential management objectives. It is concluded that the RPPNs can receive tourism activities allied with environmental education, which also leads to better income and job opportunities for local communities. Finally, further studies are recommended that focus on the determining factors in the creation and sustainability of the RPPNs, including their role in generating opportunities for employment and income, and mitigating the harmful effects of human actions on nature.
Key words: Ecotourism; RPPNs; Public Use; Tourism
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Onyeanusi, Augustine E. "Measurements of Impact of Tourist Off-road Driving on Grasslands in Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya: A Simulation Approach." Environmental Conservation 13, no. 4 (1986): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900035372.
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A quantitative measurement of tourist off-road driving was conducted in Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya. Off-road driving was simulated in a grassland area of the Reserve that was heavily used by tourists. A mathematical model was employed to estimate the overall impact of tourist off-road driving on the Reserve's grassland communities.The results of off-road driving simulation experiments showed that damage increased with the number of vehicular passes. Off-road driving was more destructive to the vegetation at the loops than on the straight. The magnitude of the estimated loss due to extrapolation of the findings of the simulation experiments to the whole reserve was very small. The aesthetic quality of the reserve was, however, adversely affected by the off-road driving, as was, doubtless, the privacy of the animals.
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Zambatis, N. "Ferns and flowering plants of Klaserie Private Nature Reserve, eastern Transvaal: an annotated checklist." Bothalia 24, no. 1 (October 10, 1994): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v24i1.751.
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An annotated checklist of the plant taxa of the Klaserie Private Nature Reserve, eastern Transvaal Lowveld, is presented. Of the 618 infrageneric taxa recorded, six are pteridophytes and the remainder angiosperms. Of these, 161 are monocotyledons and 451 dicotyledons. Five of the latter are currently listed in the Red Data List of the Transvaal, two of which are first records for the Transvaal Lowveld. The vegetation of the reserve shows strong affinities with the Savanna Biome, and to a lesser degree, with the Grassland Biome.
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Mytsyk, L. P., V. M. Yakovenko, and O. I. Lisovets. "Historical aspect of environmental thinking and steppe forestry." Питання степового лісознавства та лісової рекультивації земель 48 (November 18, 2019): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/441901.
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Positive and negative actions of man in relation to the environment didn’t appear suddenly. They are based on historical or rather genetic conditioning. Therefore, in order to understand the causes of certain processes or specific actions and formulate the right strategy for the sustainable development of mankind, you need to look into the past, trace the evolution of its relationship with the environment, understand the motivation for the corresponding behavior at different stages of the formation of society. Speaking about Ukraine, we note that already at the time of the Zaporizhzhya Troops they began not only to command landscape units, but also to restore their natural state. There is authoritative evidence that «in the famous Zaporizhzhya Sich» «steppe afforestation» was already practiced, for which, by special order («special orders were issued»), seedlings of forest plants were even grown and there was already a definite system of plantations for «forest and fruit trees». After the liquidation of the Zaporizhzhya Sich, secret distribution of land to private individuals began. Further, the all-encompassing plowing of the steppe, the destruction of forests and shrubs (the latter under the common name «blackthorns» in places rose up to the watersheds). The consequences of managing with the almost complete destruction of the natural state of the land manifested itself very quickly: low groundwater began, and hence the depletion of springs, dried up steppes and rivers. The first attempts to resist the above changes in the landscapes of Stepnaya Ukraine were intuitive. I.A. Danilevsky in 1804 p. over Siversky Donets planted more than 1000 acres of pine. The invention of world significance was the idea of creating forest belts V.Ya. Lomikovsky: in 1809 p. he planted their fields with them (Mirgorod district) and had stable and high yields. Since 1831 p. in the Katerinoslav province, the sands began to be fastened with shrubs of the shelva (acutifoliate willow) along the Volcha river. In 1843 p. the first steppe state forestry in the Russian Empire was founded (the village of Velikoanadol), and near the village of Velikomikhaylovka (the modern Pokrovsky district of the Dnipropetrovsk region) in 1858 Dibrivskoye lesnichestvo was founded. Despite these and other positive phenomena, in the 19th century they continued to destroy forests and plow up still untouched pieces of steppe or meadows. The result was massive soil erosion, the extreme manifestations of which are the formation of ravines, black storms and a number of lean years. The worst crop failure in the 19th century happened in 1891, covering the entire steppe zone of the Russian Empire. Only after that, the government allocated money for scientific research that could solve existing problems. Created expedition led by V.V. Dokuchaev, visiting the steppe regions, proposed a number of appropriate measures. But even after this change for the better did not occur immediately. In 1933 p. A.L. Belgard founded the Department of Geobotany at Dnepropetrovsk State University (DSU). The main motive for its creation is the development of a theoretical base for forest growing in the steppe zone. Later, for the same purpose, he founded the comprehensive expedition of the Dagestan State University, which covered with its research the space from the north of the Dnipropetrovsk region to the Kherson region and from the Rostov region to Moldova. However, it should be noted that the expedition as V.V. Dokuchaev and A.L. Belgard, their efforts were directed not only to the woody, but also to the grassy component of the medium. The recommendations of the first of them mention, among other things, the need to «use grassy vegetation for snow retention and erosion control» of the soil. A.L. Belgarde, exploring the steppe forests from different angles, also paid constant attention to grassy groups, urging to save the steppe virgin lands from further plowing. Immunity is also necessary because, he stressed, some species have found their ecological niche in this way. By destroying it, such taxa can be lost. Untouched steppe or meadow plots with undisturbed turf are a natural standard and model for recreation. Therefore, environmental stabilization of the environment is not possible without the presence of steppe plant groups. If not ideal, then the best option for the country’s landscape design should include nature reserves (such as Khomutovskaya Steppe or Askania-Nova), located uniformly 1-2 or more in the administrative region, but united by a dense network of tree, shrub and grass systems which do not open wide and directly contact with other untouchable areas (national parks, state reserves, natural monuments, «mini-reserves» of local subordination, etc.). Given the continuous plowing of zonal open spaces, to create new reserves it is necessary to remove the territory from agricultural use, as is already done on the island of Khortytsya (Zaporizhzhia). At the same time, it is necessary to recreate the steppe vegetation, taking into account the methods and experience already tested and successfully applied in Ukraine in the Donetsk Botanical Garden, the Steppe Department of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden and in Askania Nova. Hence, considering historical achievements in the field of nature conservation in Ukraine, it can be argued that in the 21st century, society entered, despite the well-known collisions, sufficiently prepared for further progress in relation to the environment, probably not least because of the genetically inherited the specifics of perception of reality of the natural environment.