Academic literature on the topic 'Private Nature Reserves'
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Journal articles on the topic "Private Nature Reserves"
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Parker, Ken. "Private National Nature Reserves?" Land Use Policy 5, no. 4 (October 1988): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8377(88)90070-1.
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Guerrero-Casado, José, José Manuel Seoane, Nikolay Aguirre, and Jeronimo Torres-Porras. "Success in conserving the bird diversity in tropical forests through private protected areas in Western Ecuador." Neotropical Biology and Conservation 16, no. 2 (May 27, 2021): 351–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.16.e63414.
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Private protected areas have recently attained more importance at a worldwide level as regards nature conservation. Particularly, the specific region of Western Ecuador receives hardly any protection from the State, and private reserves could, therefore, be a suitable tool to ensure the preservation of its forests and their associated wildlife biodiversity. In this work, we compare the bird species richness between private reserves and public protected areas (managed by the State) located in this region. We also show a checklist of bird species found in the Buenaventura Reserve, a private reserve located in south-western Ecuador. Our comparison shows that smaller private reserves may harbour a similar number of bird species than larger protected areas managed by the state, and they have a higher number of bird species per area. In particular, a total of 233 different bird species were registered in Buenaventura, which were distributed in 16 orders and 42 families. Three species were classified as endangered at an international level: El Oro Parakeet (Pyrrhura orcesi), El Oro Tapaculo (Scytalopus robbinsi), and the Grey-backed Hawk (Pseudastur occidentalis), and another three at a national level: the Long-wattled Umbrellabird (Cephalopterus penduliger), the Slaty-winged Foliage-gleaner (Philydor fuscipenne), and the White-vented Plumeleteer (Chalybura buffonii). Therefore, private reserves can be appreciated as a suitable conservation tool for bird conservation, and they should not be undervalued because of their smaller size. Buenaventura Reserve is a good example of how private reserves are extremely important in fragmented landscapes, as is the case with tropical forests in Western Ecuador.
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Makhinko, R. "Ways of attracting investment in the territory and objects of the nature reserve fund of Ukraine." Balanced nature using, no. 4 (August 18, 2020): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2310-4678.4.2020.228360.
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The article, based on the analysis of scientific literature and the current legal framework, reveals the main ways and directions of attracting investment in the territory and objects of nature reserves of Ukraine in today’s conditions, a detailed description of the main investment entities in this area. The only acceptable tools for investing in nature reserves are public-private partnership mechanisms. The use of tools of private-public partnership and involvement of business in the management of nature reserves can increase the level of integration of natural resources into economic circulation through the construction of chains, schemes, value added production networks on the basis of both individual and especially — corporate governance within the business ecosystem of the territorial entity to which these resources and assets should be involved. It should be noted that at different stages of the implementation of the European integration algorithm for the development of public-private partnership will prevail different tools of this mechanism. Thus, in the first, deconcentration stage — budget decentralization, unification of communities and delegation of powers in the management of natural resources, including nature reserve facilities, united territorial communities from state to local authorities, deconcentration of resources will prevail. In the second stage, devolution with the end of delimitation and delegation of extended powers to the territories with the simultaneous introduction of a project approach to the management of natural assets and the beginning of the creation of territorial corporations for the management of nature reserves. At the third, divestiture stage, the formation of profitable territorial corporate entities of the cluster type, operating in the use of natural assets, ie individual territorial corporations of sustainable development with a diversified financial and investment component. The article also reveals in detail the role of institutional support for the process of investing in domestic nature reserves, and on this basis identifies a key range of existing issues.
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Metzger, Jean Paul. "Effects of deforestation pattern and private nature reserves on the forest conservation in settlement areas of the Brazilian Amazon." Biota Neotropica 1, no. 1-2 (2001): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032001000100003.
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The effects of deforestation patterns, private nature-reserve extents and agricultural fallow periods on forest conservation were simulated for settlement projects in the Brazilian Amazon that produce a fish-bone pattern of occupation and where slash-and-burn agriculture is predominantly used. Data for simulation was obtained from previous work at the Bragantina region, the oldest agricultural frontier in the Brazilian Amazon. Forest conservation was evaluated using the size of remnant forest fragments, the amount of interior habitat, the connectivity among fragments and the extent of fragmentation. Results showed that the best scenario for forest conservation is the maintenance of 80% of the lot as privatereserve using deforestation pattern that allow to group the reserves from different farmers at the end of the lot. When private-reserve coverage is bellow 80% of the landscape, forest conservation status will be influenced by the deforestation pattern. Some patterns (e.g. random location of deforestation plots) will then be particularly deleterious, producing a highly fragmented landscape, while other patterns (e.g., progressive deforestation from one edge) can allow the maintenance of large forest fragments. To get forest conservation in these cases, private-reserve extent and deforestation pattern should be considered together. Considering both forest conservation and agricultural use, progressive patterns of deforestation (or land use) in a lot of 2,000m by 500m, with private nature-reserves covering 50% of the landscape seems to be the best compromise. To guarantee the private forest preservation, these forests should be pre-established when settlements are planned and grouped at the end of the lots.
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Pasquini, Lorena, James A. Fitzsimons, Stuart Cowell, Katrina Brandon, and Geoff Wescott. "The establishment of large private nature reserves by conservation NGOs: key factors for successful implementation." Oryx 45, no. 3 (June 7, 2011): 373–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605310000876.
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AbstractPrivate nature reserves created by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are increasing, and their growing number and extent means that they can potentially contribute to biodiversity goals at a global scale. However, the success of these reserves depends on the legal, economic and institutional conditions framing their creation and management. We explored these conditions, and the opportunities and challenges facing conservation organizations in managing private nature reserves, across several countries, with an emphasis on Australia. Results from 17 semi-structured interviews with representatives of private conservation organizations indicated that while private reserves may enhance the conservation estate, challenges remain. Legal frameworks, especially tenure and economic laws, vary across and within countries, presenting conservation organizations with significant opportunities or constraints to owning and/or managing private nature reserves. Many acquired land without strategic acquisition procedures and secured funding for property acquisition but not management, affecting the long-term maintenance of properties. Other typical problems were tied to the institutional capacity of the organizations. Greater planning within organizations, especially financial planning, is required and NGOs must understand opportunities and constraints present in legislative frameworks at the outset. Organizations must establish their expertise gaps and address them. To this end, partnerships between organizations and/or with government can prove critical.
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Ramutsindela, Maano. "Extractive philanthropy: securing labour and land claim settlements in private nature reserves." Third World Quarterly 36, no. 12 (December 2, 2015): 2259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2015.1068112.
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Kreuter, Urs, Mike Peel, and Edward Warner. "Wildlife Conservation and Community-Based Natural Resource Management in Southern Africa's Private Nature Reserves." Society & Natural Resources 23, no. 6 (April 20, 2010): 507–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941920903204299.
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J. S. Debus, S., H. A. Ford, and D. Page. "Bird communities in remnant woodland on the New England Tablelands, New South Wales." Pacific Conservation Biology 12, no. 1 (2006): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc060050.
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We provide a geographic and landscape context for ongoing studies on bird communities in eucalypt woodland remnants on the New England Tablelands, New South Wales. We draw together several surveys that have not been published in the scientific literature, and integrate them with previously published material. A total of 142 woodland bird species, including 12 threatened species, was recorded in remnant woodland in the area above 900 m elevation from 50 km SSE to 100 km NNW of Armidals. There was a positive relationship between remnant size and bird species richness. Woodland reserves >300 ha supported significantly more species than remnants <100 ha on private land. Intensively surveyed reserves also had more species than remnants surveyed more casually. Threatened and other declining species occurred mainly in medium-sized (100-300 ha) and large reserves; foraging guilds of small to medium-sized, ground and above-ground insectivores were impoverished in degraded medium-sized and small remnants on private land. Almost the full range of woodland bird species was found at one or more sites, indicating their conservation value. However, some species were found in few sites or were only vagrants at a site. Active management will be needed to retain the current diversity of bird species in such heavily cleared landscapes.
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Schiavetti, Alexandre, Haydee Torres de Oliveira, Alene da Silva Lins, and Pablo Santana Santos. "Analysis of private natural heritage reserves as a conservation strategy for the biodiversity of the cocoa region of the southern State of Bahia, Brazil." Revista Árvore 34, no. 4 (August 2010): 699–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-67622010000400015.
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Brazil was the first country in Latin America to establish and regulate this type of reserve, and there are currently more than 700 Private Nature Heritage Reserves (RPPN in Portuguese) officially recognized by either federal or state environmental agencies. Together, these RPPN protect more than a half million hectares of land in the country. The coastal forests in the southern part of Bahia State extend 100 to 200 km inland, gradually changing in physiognomy as they occupy the dryer inland areas. The coastal forest has been subjected to intense deforestation, and currently occupies less than 10% of its original area. For this work the creation processes of the RPPN were consulted to obtain the data creation time, size of property, the condition of the remaining forest, succession chain and the last paid tax. After that, interviews with the owners were made to confirm this data. Sixteen RPPN have been established in this region until 2005. Their sizes vary from 4.7 to 800 ha. Ten of these RPPN are located within state or federal conservation areas or their buffer zones. In spite of the numerous national and international conservation strategies and environmental policies focused on the region, the present situation of the cocoa zone is threatening the conservation of the region's natural resources. The establishment of private reserves in the cocoa region could conceivably improve these conservation efforts. This type of reserve can be established under a uniform system supported by federal legislation, and could count on private organizations.
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Powell, L. A. "Common–interest community agreements on private lands provide opportunity and scale for wildlife management." Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 35, no. 2 (December 2012): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.32800/abc.2012.35.0295.
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Private lands are critical to conservation planning for wildlife, worldwide. Agriculture subsidies, tax incentives, and conservation easements have been successfully used as tools to convert cropland to native vegetation. However, uncertain economies threaten the sustainability of these incentives. The wildlife management profession is in need of innovative models that support effective management of populations. I argue that biologists should consider the option of facilitating the development of private reserves to reduce the dependence of conservation on public investment. Private reserves can be enhanced by creating common–interest communities, which reduce the problem posed by limited size of individual properties. Cross–property agreements between landowners can provide economic incentives through forms of ecotourism, energy production, and/or enhanced agricultural production. I share two case studies that demonstrate how cross–property agreements may be beneficial to landowner’s finances and conservation of diverse wildlife communities, as well as providing an efficient structure for NGOs and management agencies to engage and support landowners.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Private Nature Reserves"
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Ghedi, Alasow Khadra. "Capitalism and private nature reserves: the taming of Mala Mala land claim." Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32641.
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Capitalism has evolved globally by disciplining its key features to suit new markets and changing socio- economic environments. These features include private property, labour and neoliberalism. Whilst capitalism has managed to become a well-established system, occasionally it is confronted with challenges which expose its callous nature. In South Africa, land restitution calls into question capitalism's operation as it disrupts the conventional process of profit accumulation. This is evident when looking at the manner in which land claims are settled in private nature reserves that are under a land claim. Private nature reserves have been structured to bring together capitalism's key features of property, labour and neoliberalism and therefore become interesting sites on which to study how they react to land restitution. This study uses Mala Mala Game Reserve to investigate how capitalism unfolds in the game reserve. It specifically looks at the conservation business, labour conditions, and the settlement of the land claim in the reserve. It begins by analysing the structuring of the conservation business to fit capitalism's objective of profit accumulation. The emphasis here is on the relationship between capitalism and nature, and how the conservation business is built on the commodification of nature. It traces the business foundation of Mala Mala over time to understand how the reserve became a luxurious safari destination that target a small, select group of wealthy, mainly international tourists. The reserve promises quality wildlife viewing and luxury accommodation for its guests, which it is able to offer through the commercialisation of nature in a manner that is often viewed as ethical to the greater public, yet a closer look at the operation of the reserve shows the unaccounted cost of exclusion, dispossession and exploitation. These impacts are further contextualised in the second part of the study, which documents the structuring of labour as a condition for building the reserve's economic success. Labour is an important necessity for capitalism's operations and its conditions show us the fierce manner in which surplus value is extracted. The creation of the cheap labour system in South Africa played an important role in building conservation areas. The success of conservation business in private nature reserves routinely depends on conservation labour. The study finds that cheap labour in Mala Mala is secured through the adoption of a migrant labour system. Such a system highlights the social ‘cost' (labour) of capital accumulation that takes place in the reserve. While the first two parts of the study explain how capitalism has shaped the conservation business in Mala Mala, the last section investigates what happens when this almost perfectly structured system is challenged through land claims. The study finds that the clash between conservation business and land restitution produce a model of land reform that chime with neoliberalism. Backed by government and landowners, the model separates business ownership from landownership in order to guarantee capital accumulation. This study contributes to our understanding of land restitution in private nature reserves in South Africa and the land restitution model it produces.
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Turner, Jason. "The impact of lion predation on the large ungulates of the Associated Private Nature Reserves, South Africa." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07032007-141407.
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Mnyani, Siphokazi. "Optimising benefits for rural communities in and around Protected Areas through ecotourism Public Private Partnerships (PPPs): the case of De Hoop Nature Reserve." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7416.
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Magister Artium - MARecent years have seen an upsurge of interest from governments and development organisations in adopting the Public Private Partnership (PPP) approach when developing and operating ecotourism projects. A PPP is a contract between a public sector institution and a private party, in which the private party assumes substantial financial, technical and operational risk in the design, financing, building and operation of a project (South African National Treasury 2004). Countries such as India, China and Kenya have developed numerous projects through PPPs. Protected Areas have followed suit in adopting the PPP approach, to be able to focus on their core business, namely conservation. To date, relevant research on PPP ecotourism projects, specifically pro-poor tourism approach is fragmented, limited in scope, and lacks examples that can assist practitioners in embedding pro-poor tourism principles in the PPP methodology. Academically, studies are largely evaluations that compare progress against projects’ defined objectives or broad based sustainable tourism goals. However, this study is an assessment of a tourism development from a pro-poor tourism perspective. Thus, this study interrogated the extent to which ecotourism PPP at De Hoop is pro-poor. Furthermore, the study sought to establish if rural local communities living in and near De Hoop PPP benefit and how their benefits can be enhanced. Pro-poor tourism indicators are used in this study as a theoretical base to evaluate De Hoop PPP.
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Hendry, James Ridley Angus. "Nature conservation in changing socio-political conditions at Londolozi Private Game Reserve." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10707.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 89-98).Worldwide, nature conservation paradigms have changed markedly since the turn of the 19th century. These changes have affected the way that conservation has been practiced in the eastern lowveld of South Africa. At the same time sociopolitical conditions in South Africa have also undergone enormous shifts which have affected the distribution of rural people and land use practices in the rural lowveld. This study examines private nature conservation and its relationship to local rural people in the lowveld using Londolozi Private Game Reserve as a case study. Various methods of data collection were used. These included focus group interviews with local rural people, a survey questionnaire with lodge staff, informal interviews with land owners, and visits to rural homes and schools. In addition the author drew on eight years of work and research experience on private game reserves in and around the study area. The application of fortress conservation in the lowveld resulted in the removal of black people from Crown and privately owned land, land that they were living on. They were removed to the western borders of the current Sabi Sand Wildtuin (SSW). This complete exclusion of local people from the conservation land in the Kruger National Park (KNP) and SSW remained the status quo until Londolozi, in 1976 and almost at least a decade before the rest of the conservation world began to engage with local black people on its borders. Londolozi paid particular attention to the rural staff working at the lodge. In the 1990's fortress conservation was replaced with community conservation approaches which sought to use market-based strategies to demonstrate the value of conservation to rural people bordering conservation areas. Londolozi retracted from its essentially bottom-up approach and implemented a number of infrastructural, management devised, top-down community projects in the local areas. It did this through the Conservation Corporation Africa (CC Africa) Rural Investment Fund. These projects, although more obvious to the wider community outside the reserve, were inefficient and wasted money in some cases. In 2007, Londolozi returned to focussing on individual rural staff members rather than on infrastructural community development projects. The effect has been very positive for the 200 or so rural staff at Londolozi, but the wider community outside the fences sees little benefit or point to this approach. The community lodged a number of land claims on the SSW and Londolozi. The merits of the only gazetted claim on Londolozi would seem to be tenuous at best.
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Dyer, Siobhan Margaret. "Population size, demography and spatial ecology of cheetahs in the Timbavati Private Nature Reserve, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002058.
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The cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) has experienced a drastic decline in numbers over the last 20 years globally and is currently listed as vulnerable by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). In South Africa, there are only an estimated 763 free-ranging cheetahs and conflict with humans is arguably the most significant reason for this low number. The aim of my study was to determine the population size and demographic characteristics of the cheetah population within the Timbavati Private Nature Reserve (TPNR), South Africa, and to contribute to a better understanding of cheetah space use and habitat selection. The research was conducted on TPNR between November 2009 and June 2011 and I used a photographic survey to assess cheetah population size and demographic characteristics. Location data was obtained by collaring two adult male cheetahs with GPS/GSM collars and ad hoc sightings data from across the reserve for an adult female with cubs and three adolescent females. A relatively high minimum population density of 4.46 cheetahs/100km² was estimated, signifying a relatively healthy cheetah population. The sex ratio data indicated a higher male to female ratio and an average litter size of three cubs. The relatively high cub survival rate and density is promising in terms of the status of species within the area, as the data denote the success and potential persistence of the species. Cheetah home ranges varied between 20.97km² for the female with cubs and 659.65km² for the younger collared male. Season did not appear to be a determining factor in terms of home range sizes for the three social groups within the TPNR. However, the males did show a slight increase in their home range sizes during the dry season when resources where presumably more widespread. My results indicate that the cheetah is an adaptable species, flexible in behaviour and able to tolerate a variety of habitat types. Such knowledge is fundamental for planning and implementing the effective management and conservation of cheetahs in South Africa.
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Schiavetti, Alexandre. "Aspectos da estrutura, funcionamento e manejo da reserva particular do patrimônio natural "Ecoparque de Una": região cacaueira do Sul da Bahia, Brasil." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2002. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1751.
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The cocoa production region of southern Bahia harbors the largest fragments of Atlantic Forest in the State of Bahia, possessing a high frequency of endemics and species richness, and being presently considered a priority area for biodiversity conservation. Nevertheless, the process of implementing Conservation Units in the region is not keeping up with the rate of change in local land use. Among the strategies of non-governmental organizations to help in the conservation of the Una Biological Reserve (the largest forest fragment in the cocoa production region) is the creation of Private Nature Reserves. In the present work, the process of implementation of the Ecoparque do Una Private Nature Reserve was assessed. The Ecoparque do Una is a 383 ha area contiguous to the Una Biological Reserve (UBR), and is intended to be a model for sustainable development and natural resource utilization. The analysis of the social and economic relations between the Ecoparque and its neighboring properties indicated that both areas lack economic integration. However, employees at the Ecoparque are all native to the region, a situation that contributes for the Ecoparque to be more easily accepted by the local community. The number of visitors to the area is increasing monthly from 1998 to present, but the public is constituted typically by people coming from other regions. This limits the process of comprehension, by people from the cocoa production region, of the importance of the Ecoparque for conservation of natural resources. The cost of the entry ticket to the Ecoparque was pointed by tourism operators as the greatest barrier for marketing the Ecoparque as a product, restricting the aggregate value of tourism in the region. In spite not being yet an economically sustainable touristic product, because its expenditures are higher than the direct incomes from public visitation, this model of development is in process of becoming sustainable. All the environmental factors considered, the Ecoparque is meeting the requisites of a sustainable enterprise with social responsibility, environmental conservation and economic development.
A região cacaueira do Sul da Bahia abriga hoje os maiores fragmentos de Floresta Atlântica no Estado, com elevado endemismo e grande riqueza de espécies, sendo considerada atualmente como uma das áreas prioritárias para a conservação da biodiversidade. Entretanto a implantação de Unidades de Conservação na região não está acompanhando as mudanças atuais na dinâmica do uso da terra. Uma das estratégias utilizadas por organizações não-governamentais para auxiliar a conservação da Reserva Biológica de Una (maior fragmento florestal da região cacaueira) está sendo a criação de reservas privadas em seu entorno. Este trabalho avaliou a dinâmica da implantação de uma Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural, o Ecoparque de Una, área com 383 ha, contígua à Reserva Biológica de Una e que tem por objetivo servir como modelo de desenvolvimento sustentável para a utilização dos recursos naturais. As relações sociais e econômicas entre a Reserva e as propriedades lindeiras foram analisadas, mostrando que ainda não há integração econômica entre estas; porém, todos os funcionários são nativos da região, o que colabora para a aceitação da Reserva pela comunidade local. A visitação pública na área está aumentando em todos os meses, desde 1998 até o momento, porém, ainda com público caracterizado por visitantes de outras regiões, o que limita o processo de compreensão, pelos habitantes da região cacaueira, da importância da conservação de seus recursos naturais. O valor cobrado para ingressar na área da Reserva foi apontado pelas operadoras de turismo como o grande obstáculo para a comercialização do produto Ecoparque , o que restringe a agregação de valor ao turismo da região. Apesar de ainda não ser um produto turístico economicamente sustentável, pois suas despesas não são cobertas pela receita direta da visitação pública, pode-se afirmar que este modelo de desenvolvimento está caminhando para sua sustentabilidade econômica. Considerando-se todos os fatores ambientais analisados, a Reserva está cumprindo as premissas de uma atividade sustentável, com responsabilidade social, conservação ambiental e desenvolvimento econômico.
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Mashale, Modise Christopher. "Evaluation of the public-private partnership in the Lekgalameetse Nature Reserve : Maruleng Municipality in the Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1832.
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Thesis (M. Dev.) -- University of Limpopo, 2014The aim of the study was to examine the public private partnership in Lekgalammetse Nature Reserve, which was championed by the Limpopo Tourism Agency under the banner of Limpopo Economic Development Environment and Tourism Department after the protected land was placed under restitution process. The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether the partnership which was created has the capacity to enhance the socio-economic development of the claimants and the adjacent communities in the area where the nature reserve is situated. Land restitution process in case of an area declared protected area by law; says that there will not be physical occupation by the claimants in terms of section 42 of the Land Restitution Act. Therefore the only way that the claimants can benefit from the land, is to become land owners and partner in terms of activities that take place in the protected area for social and economic benefits. A public private partnership was recognised as a potential vehicle for social, economical and environmental well being of both parties. However the developmental prospects of the partnership were unknown and overestimated. Views from the study as well as the literature review support the assertions that in this type of land claim, a public private partnership is the best way to go about developing the claimants and the adjacent communities. The review also highlighted the importance of a partnership in a protected area and its benefits, especially in developing the adjacent communities. Thus the role of the community in participating in their development and of the protected area was the main focus of this study. The study collected both qualitative and quantitative data using interviews and a questionnaire. The study concluded by providing recommendations to stakeholders of Lekgalameetse Nature Reserve on how to improve their partnership relations. Some of the recommendations proposed are to involve a private partner to enhance development in the area; there should be provided with a coordinated and proper management, develop a capacity building tool to improve the co-management function and create an environment where all partners are equal in the partnership. The correct implementation of the Performance Management System will serve as a means to enhance organizational efficiency, effectiveness and accountability in the use of resources in accelerating access to good quality services and a better life for all. A well balanced partnership has a potential to increase community benefits and maximize the conservation of the biodiversity of the area.
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Schacht, Gustavo Luís. "Reservas particulares do patrimônio natural no Estado do Paraná (Brasil) e as áreas protegidas privadas na Catalunha (Espanha): situação atual, políticas públicas e gestão ambiental." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-26062017-090213/.
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As unidades de conservação da natureza são a forma mais efetiva de proteção da biodiversidade que se conhece. Legalmente as unidades de conservação podem ser divididas em dois grandes grupos: aquelas de uso sustentável e as de proteção integral ou uso indireto. Segundo o Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação (SNUC) instituído pela Lei 9.985 de 18 de julho de 2000, as Reservas Particulares do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) são consideradas unidades de conservação privadas de uso sustentável. Na Espanha, a conservação em terras privadas é denominado de Custodia del territorio e se dá por meio de parceria privada entre entidades de custódia e o proprietário, diferentemente do Brasil onde ocorre participação pública. Atualmente na Espanha, o processo de criação destas áreas é previsto pela Ley 42 de 13 de dezembro de 2007, que trata do Patrimonio Natural y de la Biodiversidad do país. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal elaborar um panorama atual da conservação em terras privadas no estado do Paraná, Brasil, comparando parcialmente com a conservação privada na Catalunha, Espanha, avaliando a efetividade da gestão destas áreas protegidas no Paraná, para que seja possível apontar possíveis melhorias nos meios de desenvolvimento e gerenciamento das RPPN, tendo em conta a atual demanda ambiental existente. Busca-se ainda entender a dinâmica da relação dessas propriedades privadas de proteção da natureza, com os diferentes órgãos de governo e assim apontar melhorias para a legislação e relação já existentes. Para atingir tal objetivo foram aplicados questionários em 132 RPPN distribuídas pelo Paraná e nove áreas protegidas privadas da Catalunha, e ainda, avaliada a efetividade do manejo aplicado às áreas paranaenses com base na adaptação de uma metodologia já existente. Desta relação atual fica clara a ausência de contato entre proprietário privado e órgãos públicos, bem com a insatisfação de parte dos proprietários de RPPN do Paraná, que criaram estas reservas privadas com expectativas diferentes do que na realidade ocorre, mostrando possivelmente a existência de falha no processo de criação das áreas. Para o caso catalão é possível perceber maior proximidade entre entidades de custódia e proprietário o que reflete em uma gestão mais efetiva destas áreas, além disso, é perceptível a maior utilização destas áreas pela população de seu entorno para atividades de lazer. Também se destaca em algumas áreas visitadas a aplicação de programas de pagamentos por serviços ambientais. Avaliando a efetividade de manejo das reservas paranaenses é possível constatar que 78% das áreas estão incluídas em um manejo insatisfatório e pouco satisfatório, somando no máximo 50% da nota a ser atingida nesta análise, confirmando a ideia da dificuldade na gestão de áreas protegidas por seus proprietários.Nature conservation units are the most effective form of biodiversity protection that is known. Legally conservation units can be divided into two large groups: those of sustainable use and those of integral protection or indirect use. According to the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC) established by Law 9.985 of July 18, 2000, Private Reserves of the Natural Patrimony (RPPN) are considered private conservation units for sustainable use. In Spain, conservation in private lands is called the Custody of the Territory and occurs through a private partnership between custodians and the owner, unlike Brazil where there is public participation. Currently in Spain, the process of creating these areas is provided for by Law 42 of December 13, 2007, which deals with the country\'s Natural Heritage and Biodiversity. This research has as main objective to elaborate a current panorama of the conservation in private lands in the state of Paraná, Brazil, comparing partially with the private conservation in Catalonia, Spain, evaluating the effectiveness of the management of these protected areas in Paraná, so that it is possible to point out possible Improvements in the means of development and management of RPPN, taking into account the existing environmental demand. It also seeks to understand the dynamics of the relationship of these private nature protection properties with the different governing bodies and thus point out improvements to the already existing legislation and relationship. To achieve this objective, questionnaires were applied in 132 RPPN distributed by Paraná and nine private protected areas of Catalonia, and also evaluated the effectiveness of the management applied to the areas of Paraná based on the adaptation of an existing methodology. From this current relationship it is clear the absence of contact between private owner and public agencies, as well as the dissatisfaction of the owners of RPPN of Paraná, who created these private reserves with different expectations of what actually occurs, possibly showing the existence of a failure in the process of creating areas. For the Catalan case, it is possible to perceive a greater proximity between custodial entities and owner, which reflects in a more effective management of these areas, in addition, it is noticeable the greater use of these areas by the population of its surroundings for leisure activities. Also highlighted in some areas visited is the application of payment programs for environmental services. Evaluating the management effectiveness of the Paraná, it is possible to verify that 78% of the areas are included in an unsatisfactory and little quality management, adding a maximum of 50% of the note to be reached in this analysis, confirming the idea of the difficulty in the management of protected areas by their owners.
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Neves, Cristina Cuiabália Rodrigues Pimentel. "Vulnerabilidade da paisagem pantaneira: estudo de caso da Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Sesc Pantanal e entorno." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/106/106132/tde-12022016-101109/.
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Os impactos negativos das atividades humanas no ambiente vêm historicamente acelerando a transformação e a degradação das paisagens no mundo. Atualmente, a questão socioambiental vem sendo colocada em pauta diante deste cenário, fazendo com que a implantação de reservas naturais protegidas ganhe importância, pois constituem um dos pilares da proteção da biodiversidade, contribuindo sobremaneira na manutenção dos serviços ecossistêmicos gerados pelos processos naturais. Mesmo com os avanços e benefícios desta estratégia de conservação in situ, há desafios a serem superados. Em linhas gerais, as ameaças às áreas naturais protegidas variam amplamente conforme o contexto, porém, as consequências geralmente conduzem à fragmentação, degradação e perda de hábitat em seu entorno ou podem ainda atingir diretamente as reservas. Nesta direção, a presente pesquisa tem como área de estudo a Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) Sesc Pantanal e seu entorno, sendo esta a mais extensa unidade de conservação do Brasil nesta categoria, localizada no município de Barão de Melgaço, Mato Grosso. O objetivo geral deste estudo visa compreender os elementos da paisagem pantaneira no âmbito da RPPN e seu entorno, para verificar as causas e os efeitos das principais pressões e ameaças à sua conservação, visando identificar áreas vulneráveis e propor mecanismos de monitoramento. Portanto, esta pesquisa, de caráter aplicado, poderá auxiliar no processo de gestão da RPPN contribuindo para o planejamento e conservação da paisagem. Sendo uma pesquisa essencialmente interdisciplinar, os métodos e procedimentos operacionais foram definidos a partir da articulação entre abordagens quantitativas e qualitativas. Com relação à natureza das fontes de informações, foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica para o levantamento de dados secundários e os dados primários foram obtidos através de pesquisa documental e pesquisa de campo com os sujeitos envolvidos por meio de diferentes técnicas, tais como: observação direta, análise documental, entrevistas não dirigidas e semi-estruturadas e oficinas de planejamento. A análise dos dados teve como apoio os recursos da cartografia digital, da multirreferencialidade, ou triangulação, das observações, escutas (entrevistas) e fala (oficina de planejamento). Como principal base conceitual, esta pesquisa faz uso da noção da paisagem cultural para compreender as dimensões nas quais as áreas naturais protegidas se inserem, incorporando aspectos sociais, ambientais e econômicos. No contexto amplo brasileiro, foram identificados 18 tipos de pressões e ameaças relacionadas às unidades de conservação e seu entorno, dos quais 07 estão presentes na área de estudo, quais sejam: desmatamento; remoção de fauna; pesca predatória; turismo e recreação; deposição de resíduos; incêndios de origem antrópica e narcotráfico. Quanto ao grau de importância de cada aspecto, os levantamentos indicaram a pesca predatória e o narcotráfico como as mais relevantes ameaças à proteção da paisagem em estudo. Portanto, os resultados demonstraram um campo heterogêneo quanto aos pontos de vistas relacionados à conservação da paisagem, possibilitando desvelar aspectos significativos, porém até então obscuros da vulnerabilidade, para a definição das estratégias de conservação efetiva na Reserva, indo além de suas fronteiras espaciais e do alcance de sua capacidade de gestão.Anthropogenic negative impacts on the environment have catalyzed landscape transformation and degradation over time. In the present time, social-environmental issues have been more and more addressed facing this scenario. Thus the implementation of nature reserves have become more relevant, once it constitutes one of the main pillars of biodiversity protection, and so highly contributing to the maintenance of ecosystem services. Despite all benefits coming from this in situ conservation strategy, there is a range of challenges to be overcome. In general, threats towards nature reserves vary according to the context in which they are inserted. However their consequences usually lead to fragmentation, degradation and habitat loss in its surroundings and within the nature reserve itself. The present work\'s study site was the Sesc Pantanal Private Reserve of Natural Heritage (PRNH, or RPPN - Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural), the largest in Brazil in its category, located in the municipality of Barão de Melgaço, state of Mato Grosso. This work aimed the understanding of landscape elements within the PRNH and its surroundings through the verification of cause-effect mechanisms amongst the main pressures and threats to its conservation, and so identifying vulnerable areas and proposing monitoring strategy suggestions. Therefore, this applied research might assist in the management of the Sesc Pantanal PRNH, specifically concearning planning and landscape conservation. The interdisciplinary character of this work demanded both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Secondary data were accessible through literature consultation. Primary data were acquired through a documentation survey and the field surveys with different stakeholders (e.g., direct observation, unguided interviews, semi structured interviews, and planning workshops). Data analysis has been supported by digital cartography and triangulation of field-acquired data. The adopted conceptual framework is based on the idea of cultural landscape, allowing the comprehension of social, environmental and economic aspects related to the nature reserve. The study has found 18 types of pressures and threats to conservation units in Brazil, from which 07 of them influence the study site: deforestation; fauna suppression; predatory fishing; tourism and recreation; waste disposal; anthropic-related fires; and illegal drug trade. The most relevant impacts in the area were predatory fishing and illegal drug trade. According to the present study, the conservation of this particular landscape relies on heterogeneous elements, what unveils its vulnerability and enables the development of more effective conservation strategies that pervade the PRNH itself and its management capacity.
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Pimentel, André Luiz Duarte. "Reservas particulares do patrimônio natural e a conservação ambiental voluntária em terras privadas: desafios para a sustentabilidade frente à expansão sucroalcooleira." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/9072.
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The volitional institution of private protected areas is recognized as an important tool for the conservation of biodiversity, complementing the public efforts of environmental protection. In Brazil, such areas are called Private Reserves of Natural Patrimony (RPPNs), which are perpetually created areas, at the initiative of their owners, and are recognized and audited by the Government. The management of the reserve, however, remains the owner of the property. In the State of Goias, there are currently 63 (sixty-three) RPPNs created, and in some parts of the State, as in the South Goiano, there are no such environmental reserves. It can be seen that in the microregions where agribusiness and the sugar and alcohol industry prevails, there is no RPPN. Thus, the dissertation problematizes the imperative necessity of the voluntary institution, by the owners of rural properties, of the Private Reservation of Natural Patrimony on their agrarian properties, especially those located in the South of the State of Goiás. It is highlighted the unique importance of volitional creation of these reserves as a mechanism for the fulfillment and effectiveness of the socio-environmental function of the land and also for the preservation of the Cerrado biome. It is analyzed the growing process of unsustainable expansion of the sugar and alcohol sector, a phenomenon that represents a new cycle of the agricultural frontier, and its social and environmental impacts. In spite of Decree No. 6.961, of September 17, 2009, creating the agroecological zoning of sugarcane, with the general objective of providing technical subsidies for the formulation of public policies aimed at the expansion and sustainable production of sugarcane in Brazilian territory, this does not happen in practice. Several social and environmental implications are already felt on account of this fact. Thus, public environmental policies should be implemented by the Public Power in order to encourage rural landowners to create, register in the competent body and sustainably manage the RPPNs, so that the rural scenarios and the memories of the rural man do not be completely eradicated by the indiscriminate advance of the sugar industry.
A instituição volitiva de áreas protegidas privadas é reconhecida como uma importante ferramenta para a conservação da biodiversidade, complementando os esforços públicos de proteção ambiental. No Brasil, tais áreas são chamadas de Reservas Particulares do Patrimônio Natural (RPPNs), que são áreas instituídas em caráter perpétuo, por iniciativa de seus proprietários, sendo reconhecidas e fiscalizadas pelo Poder Público. A gestão da reserva, entretanto, continua sendo do dono do imóvel. No Estado de Goiás existem, atualmente, 63 (sessenta e três) RPPNs criadas, sendo que, em algumas partes do Estado, como no Sul Goiano, inexistem tais reservas ambientais. Pôde-se perceber que nas microrregiões onde impera o agronegócio e a indústria sucroalcooleira, não existe RPPN. Assim sendo, a dissertação problematiza a imperiosa necessidade da instituição voluntária, por parte dos proprietários de imóveis rurais, da Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural nas suas propriedades agrárias, especialmente naquelas situadas no Sul do Estado de Goiás. É destacada a importância ímpar da criação volitiva dessas reservas como mecanismo para o cumprimento e efetividade da função socioambiental da terra e também para a preservação do bioma Cerrado. É analisado o crescente processo de expansão não sustentável do setor sucroalcooleiro, fenômeno este que representa um novo ciclo da fronteira agrícola, e seus impactos socioambientais. Apesar do Decreto n.° 6.961, de 17 de setembro de 2009, criar o zoneamento agroecológico da cana-de-açúcar, com o objetivo geral de fornecer subsídios técnicos para a formulação de políticas públicas visando a expansão e produção sustentável de cana-de-açúcar no território brasileiro, isto, na prática, não ocorre. Várias implicações socioambientais já são sentidas por conta de tal fato. Destarte, políticas públicas ambientais deverão ser implementadas pelo Poder Público no sentido de estimular os proprietários de imóveis rurais a criar, registrar no órgão competente e manejar, de forma sustentável, as RPPNs, para que os cenários rurais e as memórias do homem do campo não sejam completamente deletados por conta do indiscriminado avanço da indústria canavieira.
Books on the topic "Private Nature Reserves"
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Pooley, Tony. KwaZulu/Natal wildlife destinations: A guide to the game reserves, resorts, private nature reserves, ranches, and wildlife areas of KwaZulu/Natal. Halfway House: Southern Book Publishers, 1995.
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Braga, Alice Serpa. Parques nacionais: Participação privada na viabilização do uso público. Curitiba, Brasil: Editora CRV, 2013.
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Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: Emission sources regulated by multiple Clean Air Act provisions : report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Clean Air, Wetlands, Private Property, and Nuclear Safety, Commmittee on Environment and Public Works, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): U.S. General Accounting Office, 2000.
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1956-, Charters Tony, Gabriel Michael 1960-, and Prasser Scott 1954-, eds. National parks: Private sector's role. Toowoomba, Qld., Australia: USQ Press, 1996.
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Kwazulu/Natal Wildlife Destinations: A Guide to the Game Reserves, Resorts, Private Nature Reserves, Ranches Andwildlife Areas of Kwazulu/Natal (South African Travel & Field Guides). New Holland Publishers, Ltd., 1999.
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Watson, John Scott. Genesis of an Idea. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039867.003.0002.
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This chapter examines the intellectual seeds that led to the idea of the Prairie Crossing. It first describes the nature of the Prairie Crossing land before it was transformed by the industrial and agricultural revolutions before turning to two men who offered the inspiration that five decades later would lead George and Vicky Ranney to create Prairie Crossing: George Ranney Sr., George's father, and his uncle, Gaylord Donnelley. The chapter then considers Frederick Law Olmsted's influence on Vicky Ranney's conceptual worldview as well as the impact of both the Riverside, Illinois, and Seaside, Florida, communities on her thought process. It also discusses the Heartland Development and how it served as the catalyst for the Prairie Crossing project; the Liberty Prairie Reserve as an example of voluntary, comprehensive regional planning involving a viable public and private partnership; Prairie Crossing's guiding principles; the Liberty Prairie Foundation; and the Prairie Crossing Farm. Finally, the chapter explains how the Prairie Crossing concept was developed.
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Office, General Accounting. Air pollution: Status of implementation and issues of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Clean Air, Wetlands, Private Property, and Nuclear Safety, Committee on Environment and Public Works, U.S. Senate. [Washington, D.C: The Office, 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Private Nature Reserves"
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Warner, Barbara, and Christian Damm. "Relocation of Dikes: Governance Challenges in the Biosphere Reserve “River Landscape Elbe-Brandenburg”." In Nature-Based Flood Risk Management on Private Land, 171–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23842-1_18.
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Grimm, Isabel Jurema, João Henrique Tomaselli Piva, and Carlos Alberto Cioce Sampaio. "Municipal Private Natural Heritage Reserves: Uses and Attributions of Natural Protected Areas in the City of Curitiba (PR)." In Ecological Economic and Socio Ecological Strategies for Forest Conservation, 227–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35379-7_12.
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Ramutsindela, Maano. "Extractive philanthropy: securing labour and land claim settlements in private nature reserves." In The Green Economy in the Global South, 63–76. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315227924-5.
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Rantšo, Tšepiso Augustinus, and Khotso Ketsi. "The State and Community-Based Projects of Environmental Conservation in Promoting Mountain Ecotourism in Lesotho." In Advances in Hospitality, Tourism, and the Services Industry, 245–62. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1302-6.ch014.
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Lesotho is divided into four ecological zones, the Highlands, the Foot Hills, the Senqu River Valley, and the Lowlands. Many people in these geographic areas are faced with poverty, unemployment, and other social problems. As a result, they exploit the natural environment for making a living. To conserve the endangered natural species and promote mountain ecotourism, the Lesotho Government established national parks and nature reserves. These state-owned national parks followed a top-down approach where the locals were not involved in the decision-making. Thus, these were subjected to vandalism from communities in the adjacent areas. Some locals have established botanical gardens to conserve environmental resources, thus promoting mountain ecotourism. The state, NGOs, and private entrepreneurs support community-based projects of environmental conservation and mountain ecotourism. While some of the destinations have resulted in establishment of communication networks, many places in the Highlands remain inaccessible and thus negatively impact mountain ecotourism.
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Brandon, Katrina. "Policy and Practical Considerations in Land-Use Strategies for Biodiversity Conservation." In Last Stand. Oxford University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195095548.003.0009.
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Much attention has been given to the issues of sustainable use, sustainable development, and biodiversity conservation, as well as to the relationships among them. Some observers express a sense of optimism that implementing sustainable activities worldwide will lead to the conservation of biodiversity. In the popular media, there are examples almost daily of conservation success stories. But publicity for conservation and attention on biodiversity are being mistaken for solutions. What is perhaps more sobering than equating publicity with actions, or actions with solutions, is that the entire rubric of sustainability, in the rural context, has a set of questionable assumptions that underlies the portfolio of activities being implemented to conserve biodiversity. These assumptions have had a major impact in shaping the range of activities that have been developed to address the conservation of biodiversity— from policies (such as the Biodiversity Convention adopted at the 1992 Earth Summit) to projects implemented by conservation and development organizations worldwide (such as the Global Environmental Facility). The questionable assumptions fit into the following seven broad categories: • Method. Biodiversity conservation can best be accomplished through field-based activities, such as establishing parks and reserves. • Use. Sustainable use is possible under a variety of management regimes ranging from private to communal. Dependence on wildlands resources is most likely to ensure their long-term conservation. • Incentives. Appropriate sets of incentives can be readily defined and will influence people to conserve biodiversity. • Management. Management should be devolved to local control whenever possible. • Technology. Technical and organizational solutions exist to improve resource management and production activities in areas with great biodiversity. • Poverty Mitigation and Development. Rural poverty-mitigation and development strategies will lead to conservation and maintain biodiversity. • Social. Local people are cooperative and live in harmony with one another and with nature. These assumptions, and their implications, are increasingly being questioned as concern mounts that their implementation may lead to serious loss of biodiversity (see Ludwig et al., 1993; Robinson, 1993).
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Neale, Timothy. "Cosmopolitics on the Wenlock River." In Wild Articulations. University of Hawai'i Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21313/hawaii/9780824873110.003.0007.
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Chapter 6 focuses on the most controversial of the Wild Rivers Act declarations: the Wenlock River area. The Wenlock spans almost the entire breadth of the region and includes a diverse but discrete assembly of stakeholders: three Indigenous local government areas and three separate native title claimant groups; an Indigenous Protected Area, a national park, a privately managed nature refuge and a wildlife reserve dedicated to the late television conservationist Steve Irwin; a bauxite mining project; and, finally, an array of nonhuman actors such as estuarine crocodiles, spotted cuscuses, orchids, aquifers and water flows themselves. Adopting philosopher Isabelle Stengers’ ‘cosmopolitical proposal’, this chapter proposes that we might think of a ‘wild river’ not only as a legal object or waterway but also as a network that intimately links the specific worlds of diverse knowledges and practices accumulating around it. The Act forced the matter of how these worlds are rendered quantifiable and comparable today. How are we to adjudicate their relative existence? The future of these rivers is a matter of realizing the relations of allegiance and incompatibility between these worlds.
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"7 Von Fynbos bis Fußball – Verantwortung als Grundlage für einen nachhaltigen Tourismus am Beispiel des Grootbos Private Nature Reserve und der Grootbos Foundation in Südafrika." In Tourismus in Afrika, 166–85. De Gruyter Oldenbourg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110626032-007.
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Edmondson, Brad. "Going Rogue." In A Wild Idea, 84–116. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501759017.003.0006.
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This chapter focuses on Harold Jerry, a state official who was recruiting staff for a new state commission on the future of the Adirondack Park, and New York governor Nelson Rockefeller. The chapter details the governor's agenda to draft a long-term plan for the Adirondacks. The management of one state park might have seemed trivial to a man like Rockefeller, but the Adirondacks is not just any park. It is an internationally famous nature reserve that is as big as Vermont. The chapter also addresses the concerns of the full-time residents of the Adirondacks who did not think of their home as an occasional vacation spot. Most of the Park is private land, and it is an important source of timber, minerals, and water. Their problem was not overdevelopment, but a lack of economic opportunity. After Rockefeller saw another chance to build his presidential resume, or at least burnish his legacy, by “saving” the Adirondacks, the chapter discusses the recommendations made by Jerry and a group of commissioners that were so uncompromising that Rockefeller was reluctant to endorse. It highlights the commissioners' use of political brinksmanship at least twice, making threats that forced the powerful governor to capitulate. Ultimately, the chapter examines how the recommendations of Harold Jerry and his team led to the success of the Temporary Study Commission on the Future of the Adirondacks (TSC), giving the “forever wilders” power over the North Country.
Conference papers on the topic "Private Nature Reserves"
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Гетманьчик, Іванна, Ольга Рубан, and Наталія Грицишин. "ЕКОЛОГО-ЕКОНОМІЧНІ ОСНОВИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ЗЕМЛЕКОРИСТУВАННЯ ТЕРИТОРІЙ ПРИРОДНО- ЗАПОВІДНОГО ФОНДУ У СКЛАДІ ЕКОЛОГІЧНОЇ МЕРЕЖІ УКРАЇНИ." In Proceedings of the XXIII International Scientific and Practical Conference. RS Global Sp. z O.O., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_conf/25112020/7242.
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Economic and environmental measures related to the formation of nature reserves as key elements of the ecological network of Ukraine are considered. It is shown that in conditions of prevailing private ownership of land, a significant role is played by the forced alienation of land plots promising for conservation, as well as the establishment of environmental restrictions in land use. At the same time, the needs of the economy in land resources should be balanced with the requirements of environmental protection and biodiversity conservation. The additional benefits of creating conservation areas for the local population, which are associated with the creation of healthier living conditions and improving the quality of life, preventing the degradation of natural resources and reducing their pollution, are emphasized. The essence of spatial organization of the conditions of conservation of biological diversity in Ukraine through the formation of land-use areas of nature reserve fund is determined. An approach to improving the ecological and economic bases of the formation of land use areas of nature reserve fund, in particular, in the ecological network in Ukraine is given.
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Kudryavtseva, S. "ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT ON COASTAL WATER PROTECTION ZONE IN THE RIVER VALLEY OF AI-TODORKA OF THE VILLAGES OF TERNOVKA AND CHERNORECHYA OF THE CITY OF SEVASTOPOL." In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1690.978-5-317-06490-7/120-123.
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The possible consequences of drying up of the most water - bearing tributary of the Chernaya river in the area of the villages of Ternovka and Chernorechya-the Ai-Todorka river due to construction in the valley are considered. One of the main consequences is the depletion of fresh water reserves in the valley of the riverbeds, of which one has already been completely lost, and the second has been significantly changed. As a result, about 3,000 people may lose access to drinking water. The solution to this problem is complicated by the violation of the river's water protection regime - the Ai-Todorka river protection zone (100 meters) is located on a private territory, which does not correspond to the Federal law on the borders of the coastal water protection zone. This issue is currently under consideration by the Prosecutor's office and the Main Department of natural resources and ecology of the city of Sevastopol (Sevprirodnadzor).
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Luby, P., and M. R. Susta. "Power Generation Technological Determinants for Fuel Scenario Outlook." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-221.
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Concentration of power market revolutionary changes within the relatively narrow time frame of the last decade will continue for at least another decade. Too many dynamic factors have been seen in the research & development of new power generation technology as well as commercial realisation. Too many impulses have been also seen in the independent power market arena. New legislation framework, new financing tools, deregulation, privatisation and liberalisation trends have become typical with many emerging-economy countries but also with countries having highly developed infrastructure supported by stabilised legislation & political system. Under such circumstances natural gas (NG) has been preferred both by private developers as well as state developers. From the same reason also gas turbines (GT) based technologies have become highly competitive option in the new capacity demand saturation. GT technologies will retain their dominant position also in the future. However, this needn’t inevitably mean that also NG must retain the first choice for the whole period of next generation. NG market may become saturated in middle-range horizon, approximately about 2010–2015. Huge reserves of coal together with appropriate coal-based technologies like IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle) or PFBC (Pressurised Fluidised Bed Combustion) will cause subsequent decline from NG towards other fossil fuel commodities. Reasons for such scenario are given in our analysis.
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Falcidieno, Maria Linda, and Maria Elisabetta Ruggiero. "The Castle of Paraggi and its “double life”: evolutions and metamorphosis of a “suspended” architecture." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11480.
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Eastern Liguria, a sometimes harsh and inhospitable place, encompasses some of the most beautiful landscape realities of the region, thanks to the presence of the sea and of an unexpected scenery. In some cases, land and water are connected, clearly showing the challenges that Man had to face in order to dominate Nature. In these cases, these forms of anthropization can turn their constraints into potentials. In this context, in a gulf such as the one between Rapallo and Portofino, outposts arose as observers to protect the neighboring territory, characterized by docks and, consequently, a suitable area for trade and for pirate incursions. For these reasons, military-style architectural structures arose, both defensive and of sighting, depending on the building site, then, in the sixteenth century coordinated and transformed into a real defensive system, by the will of the Republic of Genoa. Here, then, we can find the castle of Rapallo, the tower of Saint Michael of Pagana, the Castle of Santa Margherita, the Castle of Paraggi and finally that of Portofino, each one with its own identity and events, but connectable to the others, if only for the territorial belonging to an extremely particular site as for organicity and homogeneity. This is what the study of the Castle of Paraggi underlines, as it was built on the cliff overlooking the sea that has enjoyed a “double life” based on highlighting the latent diametrically opposed potential: born for the defense of the land from sea incursions, later on it was converted into a residence, conceptually transforming its position from a dominating into a reserved one, from an outpost on the sea clearly visible, to a place hidden on the land, from public to private. Over the centuries, the change in the function and life of the castle, has therefore been introducing changes to the facies and the composition of its appearance through the different stages of its evolution.
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Orozco Cera, Eusebio Jose, Maria Angelica Legarda Zuñiga, and Juan Diego Medina Rueda. "Diagnosis of the Concentration of the Colombian Upstream Market Sector and Proposals for Increased Competitiveness." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21227-ms.
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Abstract Given the importance of the O&G sector (exports, national budget, royalties, etc.) in the economy of countries that possess this natural resources and the increased exposure of the economy of these to the cyclical dynamics of the O&G industry, it becomes necessary unequivocally an analysis and comparison of the most used market concentration measures applicable to the upstream framework that affect the distribution of oil production and reserves to determine proposals for an increase in competitiveness, in this case analyzing the metrics in the range 2004-2016 in Colombia. The process starts from collecting the most reliable information from different associations, regulators and sources, calculating the most used market concentration measures, considering assumptions for the statistical analysis of the data as tests of normality (Shapiro-WilK Test) and then analysis and comparison of the HHI as measure of concentration of the E&P upstream market in Colombia obtained conclusions and recommendations. Ideal values were determined and recommended according to better HHI references that would imply a less concentrated upstream sector and competitive advantage to the country regionally to attract foreign direct investment (FDI). An alienation and division of National oil company- NOC from the Colombian state is proposed, divide upstream into 3 E&P companies plus 1 Midstream Transporting Company + 1 Downstream Refining Company, it is recommended given the opportunity of a possible development of unconventional resources in the country, and the economic uncertainty at the beginning of these developments, that the opportunities for pilots and initial projects be by law and in principle distributed among various private E&P operators or in associations of the state company with experienced operators, this would distribute the exploratory risk of the projects, improve the sector's competitiveness and avoid unnecessary investment exposure to the state in these ventures. The objectives, methods, processes and results obtained can be homologated to other countries with NOC, showing a direct roadmap to follow so that the economic associated with natural hydrocarbon resources allow us to further leverage the development of societies in general, but mainly developing countries rich in these resources in an environment of low prices and increasing competitiveness.
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Carvalho, Braulio Fernandes de, and Glauco Souza Gomes. "RELATO DE CASO: POTENCIAL ECONÔMICO SUSTENTÁVEL EM PROPRIEDADE PRIVADA EM ALTOS-PI, BRASIL." In I Congresso Nacional de Ciências Agrárias On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/rema/1598.
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Introdução: Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) é uma unidade de conservação (UC) oficial de proteção integral no Estado do Piauí, a única com caráter privado (Lei Ordinária Nº 5.977 de 24/02/2010). Tem o intuito de conservar a biodiversidade e recursos naturais, além de oferecer vantagens econômicas como isenção de imposto territorial rural, além de oportunidades com ecoturismo e pagamento por serviços ambientais (Lei Nº 14.119, 13/01/2021). Objetivos: Avaliou-se os potenciais econômicos e naturais de uma propriedade particular subutilizada de 56 hectares em Altos-PI. Material e Métodos: As visitas foram feitas ao fim da estação chuvosa, em maio de 2021, no local -5.160495, -42.560679, seguindo-se o formulário estabelecido pelo ICMBio no seu roteiro de criação de RPPNs. A identificação da flora foi feita através de consultas a guias de campo e speciesLink. Resultados: Ameaças identificadas: veredas abertas por caçadores e gado, compactação do solo, circulação de terceiros, corte ilegal de madeira, erosão, cercamento e georreferenciamento incompletos. Fitofisionomias identificadas: cerradão, carrasco, brejo, cerrado rupestre e babaçual. A altitude variou de 109m a 168m. Potencial econômico: ecoturismo, balneário, pesquisa científica e pagamentos por serviços ambientais. Exemplares botânicos encontrados: Acrocomia aculeata (Macaúba), Agonandra brasiliensis sp. (Pau-marfim), 1 Anacardiaceae, Anadenanthera colubrina (Angico Branco), Astronium fraxinifolium (Gonçalo Alves), Bactris setosa (Tucun), Bromelia sp. (Croatá), Cecropia sp. (Embaúba), Cedrela sp. (Cedro), Cenostigma Macrophyllum (Caneleiro), Combretum sp. (Mufumbo), Copaifera langsdorffii (Copaíba), Copernicia prunifera (Carnaúba), Dimorphandra mollis (Fava D’anta), Genipa americana (Jenipapo), 2 Hymenaea sp. (Jatobá), Jacaranda sp. (Banha-de-galinha), Lecythis pisonis sp. (Sapucaia), 1 Melastomataceae, Orbignya speciosa (Babaçu), Parkia platycephala (Faveira), Pleroma sp. (Quaresmeira do cerrado), Spondias mombin (Cajazeira), Sterculia striata (Chichá), Tabebuia chrysotricha (Ipê amarelo), 3 Pteridophyta, 1 Philodendron, e 2 Bryophyta (sensu lato). Conclusão: O terreno apresenta diferentes fitofisionomias de cerrado, influenciadas pelas condições de solo, umidade e altitude, o que proporciona uma variedade botânica e de ambientes ideal para conservação de biodiversidade, pesquisa e ecoturismo. Recomenda-se finalizar o georreferenciamento e cercamento da área, adotar medidas para diminuir a velocidade de escoamento da água pluvial, manejar os babaçus, e dar prosseguimento na criação da RPPN em órgão responsável.