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1
Lutter, Seth H., Ashley A. Dayer, Amanda D. Rodewald, Darin J. McNeil, and Jeffery L. Larkin. "Early Successional Forest Management on Private Lands as a Coupled Human and Natural System." Forests 10, no. 6 (June 11, 2019): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10060499.
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Facilitating voluntary conservation on private lands is a crucial element of policies that seek to mitigate forest habitat loss and fragmentation around the world. Previous research emphasizes the role of social factors (e.g., landowner characteristics, economics) in forest management, but environmental outcomes of past management can also affect landowner decisions. Our objective was to evaluate how positive outcomes for wildlife and habitat might reinforce or amplify landowner efforts to manage forest habitats. We applied the lens of coupled human and natural systems to investigate private lands management for early successional forests, which are declining along with associated wildlife in rural areas of the eastern U.S. Efforts to restore early successional forest in this region involve active forest management to create patches of successional forest in native, mature mixed hardwood stands. By integrating field-based monitoring of wildlife with surveys of landowner perceptions, we examined how landowners observed, interpreted, and responded to property-scale ecological outcomes of forest management. We recorded presence of Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera) and American Woodcock (Scolopax minor) and estimated bird species richness in spring 2015 and/or 2016 on private properties located in the Appalachians (Maryland, New Jersey, Pennsylvania) and Upper Great Lakes (Minnesota, Wisconsin). These properties were enrolled in early successional forest management programs administered through the Natural Resources Conservation Service. Bird surveys were paired with landowner responses to a telephone survey conducted from January to May 2017 (n = 102). Most (71.6–81.6%) landowners’ perceptions of avian presence on their properties matched monitoring results. These perceptions were informed by personal observations and by outreach from agency partners and field technicians. Landowners who already completed their conservation program contracts (n = 85) continued managing early successional forests. Continued management for early successional habitat was positively associated with perceived benefits to birds, forest health, and scenery. Our findings give insight into how private landowners respond to environmental effects of forest management. We conclude that positive environmental outcomes of these conservation programs are related to continued early successional forest conservation by private landowners.
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Potter-Witter, Karen. "A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Michigan Nonindustrial Private Forest Landowners." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 22, no. 2 (June 1, 2005): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/22.2.132.
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Abstract Incentive and assistance programs for nonindustrial private landowners in Michigan were evaluated for their effectiveness in encouraging forest management activities. This article reports on selected results of a comparative analysis of program enrollment, landowner characteristics, and management accomplishments. The analysis was based on data from a survey of 2,230 nonindustrial private forestland (NIPF) owners who were members of the Michigan Forest Association (MFA) or were enrolled in the Commercial Forest Program (CF), the Forest Stewardship Program (FSP), or the Two-Hearted River Watershed (TRW) landowner program in 2000. With a 55% overall response rate, landowners reported on present and past management activities and program enrollment. To address the question of the effectiveness of incentive programs, this comparative analysis tested the hypotheses that forest management activity reported by Michigan NIPF landowners who were enrolled in several types of incentive programs did not differ significantly by program and that management activity was not significantly explained by landowner demographics and parcel characteristics. Landowner program enrollment was compared with respect to tree-planting, timber harvesting, timber stand improvement, wildlife habitat improvement, and soil and water protection. To examine the differences, if any, between landowners who practice forest management and those who do not, explanatory demographic and parcel characteristic variables also were tested for their effect on management activity levels.North. J. Appl. For. 22(2):132–138.
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Hyberg, Bengt T., and Duncan M. Holthausen. "The behavior of nonindustrial private forest landowners." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 19, no. 8 (August 1, 1989): 1014–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x89-155.
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Recent models of nonindustrial private forest landowner behavior have suggested that landowners seek nonmonetary as well as monetary returns from their forest investments. In this paper, landowners are modeled as maximizing utility, which is a function of income and nonpecuniary benefits. We explore the implications of this model for both harvesting and reforestation decisions, present empirical evidence that supports the model, and discuss some policy implications of the model.
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Roberts, Scott D., and George R. Parker. "Ecosystem Management: Opportunities for Private Landowners in the Central Hardwood Region." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 15, no. 1 (March 1, 1998): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/15.1.43.
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Abstract Ecosystem-based forest management approaches are being considered by forest managers and landowners throughout the United States. Being dominated by nonindustrial private forestland, the Central Hardwood Region poses some unique challenges to implementation of ecosystem management approaches. Patterns of ownership and land use make it difficult to incorporate many of the landscape-scale features of ecosystem management. In addition, the lack of institutional leadership among private landowners may hamper adoption of ecosystem-based management over any substantial portion of the region. Despite these challenges, there are factors favoring the use of ecosystem management in the region. Foremost among them is that private landowner objectives are often compatible with the goals of ecosystem management. The forests of the region are naturally quite diverse and possess the ability to recover from past management to provide many of the benefits of undisturbed forests. As more technical information becomes available concerning how to make ecosystem management approaches work, the prospect for adoption by some portion of private landowner community is encouraging. North. J. Appl. For. 15(1):43-48.
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Rom, Ellen A., James C. Finley, and James R. Grace. "Using Direct Mail in Extension Programming for Nonindustrial Private Forest Landowners." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 7, no. 4 (December 1, 1990): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/7.4.171.
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Abstract Four pilot direct mail programs for nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) landowners were conducted in northwestern Pennsylvania. The programs varied in method of contact (targeting versus self-selection) and in type of information (economic versus multiple-use). The programs established contact with many landowners who had not been reached by past extension efforts. Type of information was not related to audience size, audience makeup, or program impact. Targeting reached more landowners than did the self-selection method, but self-selection maintained a greater percentage of these contacts. More of the landowners who selected themselves into the program than those who did not, and more of those who did not "drop out" of the targeted program than those who did, had past educational opportunities in woodland management. Direct mail was effective in increasing landowner knowledge of woodland management but less effective in developing landowner intent to manage woodland. North. J. Appl. For. 7:171-174, December 1990.
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Metcalf, Alexander L., James C. Finley, A. E. Luloff, Richard C. Stedman, and Durland Shumway. "Progress in Private Forest Landowner Estimation." Journal of Forestry 112, no. 3 (May 1, 2014): 312–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5849/jof.14-037.
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Creighton, Janean H., and David M. Baumgartner. "Washington State's Forest Regulations: Family Forest Owners' Understanding and Opinions." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 20, no. 3 (July 1, 2005): 192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/20.3.192.
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Abstract Washington State has one of the most restrictive sets of Forest Practice Rules (FPR) in the United States. In 1974, the Washington State legislature passed the Forest Practice Act, with the intent of improving environmental conditions by regulating forest practices such as road building, harvesting methods, and the use of chemicals. We found that a knowledge gap exists within the private forest landowner community in Washington State with regards to some state and federal environmental regulations. The larger-acreage landowners with longer ownership tenures were more familiar with forest regulations than were the newer smaller-acreage landowners, based on a survey conducted in 2002. Regardless of regulation familiarity, a substantial number of respondents expressed concern over the limits placed on their ability to manage their lands as they see fit. This sentiment does not seem to arise purely from the potential for economic loss, because timber does not appear to be an important component of respondent incomes. Rather, the loss of management control and government restrictions placed on private property rights may be more significant. Agencies responsible for enforcing these regulations need to recognize that changes are taking place in the greater forest landowner community, and that the approaches of the past may no longer be appropriate for the future. West. J. Appl. For. 20(3):192–198.
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Melfi, Frances M., Thomas J. Straka, Allan P. Marsinko, and Jeffrey L. Baumann. "Landowner Attitudes Toward South Carolina's Forest Stewardship Program." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 21, no. 4 (November 1, 1997): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/21.4.158.
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Abstract This study reports on a survey of 78 South Carolina nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) landowners who participated in the Forest Stewardship Program and an additional analysis of all South Carolina participants (n = 1,018) in 1994-1995. Timber production was the most common primary management objective; wildlife management ranked second. Participants were satisfied with the multiple-use emphasis of the program. Once a landowner evaluated the written management plan, timber production tended to increase in importance. The type of natural resource professional that developed the management plan appeared to affect the stated objectives of the NIPF landowner. Consultants and industry foresters tended to work with landowners who had larger acreages, timber management objectives, and previous forest management plans. Ninety-three percent of landowners said their management plan was useful. Another 87% support the concept of multiple-use. South. J. Appl. For. 21(4):158-163.
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Nodine, Stephen K. "Reforestation delay tolerance under the Forestry Incentives Program." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): 414–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-059.
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The USDA Forest Service Forestry Incentives Program provides private forest landowners with cost-share assistance to encourage reforestation. With an excess of applications over available program funds, many participating landowners have to delay reforestation until funds are available. During delays, costs accrue to landowners and future harvest revenues are postponed. Sixty-three percent of the applicants sampled in South Carolina encountered delays, although the average delay was only 1 year and less than 9% waited more than 2 years. Delays became more common and longer as site preparation costs increased. To assess a landowner's tolerance of these delays, an investment model was developed. This model compared a base situation, in which a landowner chose not to wait for assistance, with decisions to delay reforestation in order to receive assistance. Delay tolerance ranged from 1 year to more than 10 years, depending on site quality, reforestation cost, and discount rate. None of the sampled applicants were found to have incurred a net loss due to delays, based on actual site conditions and delays. Similar results can be expected in other regions and with other forms of landowner assistance that reduce the initial costs of stand establishment.
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Holley, A. Gordon, Eric L. Taylor, and William G. Ross. "Native American Nonindustrial Private Forest Landowners in Southeastern Oklahoma." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 32, no. 4 (November 1, 2008): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/32.4.149.
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Abstract This study attempts to characterize the Native American forest landowners in a three-county area of southeastern Oklahoma through a mail-out landowner survey. The total forestland owned by the survey respondents totaled to 12,211 ac with a mean of 140 ac. However, 56% of the respondents own less than 80 ac. More than one-half of the Native American respondents live on or adjacent to their forestland and only 17% are absentee landowners. Almost 60% of the landowners indicated personal reasons as their primary reason for owning their forestland followed by 19% for economic uses and 17% for recreational uses. Over one-half of these landowners indicated they have harvested their forest sometime in the past. Of the 45% that have not harvested their forest in the past, 31% indicated that either stumpage prices were too low or that their trees were not mature yet. Although most Native American forest landowners are involved in managing their forestland, lack of knowledge on forest management and harvesting strategies is an impediment to more effective, active management.
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Molnar, Joseph J., John Schelhas, and Holeski Carrie. "Nonindustrial Private Forest Landowners and the Southern Pine Beetle: Factors Affecting Monitoring, Preventing, and Controlling Infestations." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 31, no. 2 (May 1, 2007): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/31.2.93.
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Abstract The southern pine beetle (SPB;Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann) has been a major source of timber and income loss to nonindustrial private forest landowners in the southern region of United States. Efforts to promote forest health through prevention and control must identify new ways to reach the sociologically diverse and spatially dispersed nonindustrial private landowners in this region. This study examined the knowledge levels, perceptions, and forest management practices among a sample of 205 southern forest landowners contacted in a mail survey. Results show that respondents with personal value commitments to conservation and wise use of forestland took more monitoring, prevention, and control actions. Membership in forest landowner associations, familiarity with public assistance programs, and use of more sources of forest management advice defined a context for increased awareness, interest, and desire to manage the SPB. Furthermore, two aspects of the landowner situation seemed to enhance the propensity to take SPB prevention and control actions. Recent SPB-caused timber losses in the county and the presence of a written management plan were associated with greater prevention efforts. An established consideration of what treatments and purposes a piece of property was to receive seemed to lead to better responsiveness to forest health risks such as the SPB. Although plans to harvest timber seemed to enhance vigilance about the SPB, involving forest holders in a broader community of landowners seems to be a central means for stimulating the vigilance and commitment necessary to intervene early in the development of forest health problems before larger losses ensue.
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Perera, Priyan, Richard P. Vlosky, Glenn Hughes, and Michael A. Dunn. "What do Louisiana and Mississippi Nonindustrial Private Forest Landowners Think about Forest Certification?" Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 31, no. 4 (November 1, 2007): 170–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/31.4.170.
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Abstract Nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) landowners own the majority of timberlands in the southern United States. As forest certification becomes more prevalent, it is important to understand the implications for NIPF landowners. This study, conducted in 2005–2006, reveals how well NIPF landowners in Louisiana and Mississippi understand forest certification, willingness to pay to become certified, and general perceptions about the certification process and implementation requirements. We surveyed 1,200 randomly selected NIPF landowners from each state that owned 10 ac or more of timberland in 2005. A total of 591 usable surveys resulted in an overall adjusted response rate of 30%. Forty percent of respondents believe certification is necessary on public lands. However, their lowest level of agreement is with the need for certification on private forestlands. Respondents believe certification in the United States is driven by environmental nongovernmental organizations rather than by demand in the marketplace. Private landowner organizations and approved professional foresters are the most trusted entities to administer and monitor certification. Results also suggest that respondents are generally not averse to having certifiers monitor their forest management activities; however, a majority are unwilling to bear the cost of certification.
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Salkie, Fiona J., Martin K. Luckert, and William E. Phillips. "An economic analysis of landowner propensity for woodlot management and harvesting in northwestern Saskatchewan." Forestry Chronicle 71, no. 4 (August 1, 1995): 451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc71451-4.
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The recent development of new processing facilities in Meadow Lake, Saskatchewan has created a long-term market for timber in the region. Although these processing facilities are currently supplied by crown timber reserves, increasing pressure on public forest resources from multiple users has caused processors to consider private woodlots as a supplemental source of fibre. A survey was undertaken to investigate conditions under which landowners may respond to the emerging demand by managing their timber resources for harvest and sale.Survey results indicate that, although virtually no management or harvesting has occurred in the past, approximately half of those interviewed would consider timber management and harvesting in the future. Logit analysis identified landowner characteristics that were related to landowners' willingness to consider forest management and harvest in the future and the likelihood that they would consider a timber contract. Significant characteristics of landowners in influencing the propensity to manage and harvest their woodlots included: the diversity of farm operations, the length of family tenure of the land, the number of ways respondents use their forest land, and area of forest owned. A preferred timber contract was identified as having: a duration of 1 to 5 years, young growth established at the end of the contract term, and payments for harvesting and management services made through a crop share arrangement. Key words: private forestry, forest economics, timber contracts, landowner characteristics, woodlot management
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Shrestha, Anusha, Robert K. Grala, Stephen C. Grado, Scott D. Roberts, and Jason S. Gordon. "Landowner Concern about Wildfires and Implementation of Fuel Reduction Treatments." Journal of Forestry 119, no. 3 (January 27, 2021): 251–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jofore/fvaa060.
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Abstract Fuel reduction treatments implemented by nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) landowners affect wildfire hazard potential on both their tracts and surrounding lands. However, it is not clear how concerned they are about wildfire damages and what actions they are willing to take to lower wildfire hazard. This study determined the landowner concern level about wildfire damages and identified factors affecting their concern and fuel treatment implementation using seemingly unrelated and binary probit models, respectively. Approximately, 68% of landowners were concerned about property damage due to wildfires, and 45% implemented some fuel reduction treatments. The most common and least costly fuel treatment was prescribed burning ($18/acre) followed by chemical ($59/acre) and mechanical ($127/acre) treatments. Raising awareness about potential monetary losses due to wildfires, assisting landowners in preparing written forest management plans, and prioritizing areas with predominant pine cover will encourage landowner participation in hazardous fuel reduction programs and facilitate more effective wildfire mitigation.
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Hynard, P. P. "Integrating Forestry and Wildlife Management: The View of the Private Land Timber Resource User." Forestry Chronicle 61, no. 2 (April 1, 1985): 156–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc61156-2.
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The users of the private land timber resource include the landowner (who uses it for property income), the logger, and the mills dependent on local timber supply.The objectives of landowners vary considerably, as do their dependence on timber sales for income and their use of the property for personal recreation. Loggers tend to view forestry-wildlife integration unfavourably wherever this results in increased logging costs. The forestry interests of the local mills are similarly those of timber availability, wood procurement costs and freedom from disruption of supply. Key words: Forest management, private forest lands, integrated land management, wildlife management.
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Becker, Dennis R., Grant L. Wilson, and Stephanie A. Snyder. "Private Forest Landowner Attitudes toward Off-Highway Vehicle Access: A Minnesota Case Study." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 27, no. 2 (June 1, 2010): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/27.2.62.
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Abstract Off-highway vehicle (OHV) riding has increased dramatically in the past decade, creating challenges for finding suitable places to ride, particularly where access to public lands is limited. This research examines the attitudes and willingness of private forest and seasonal recreationlandowners to provide OHV access. A series of focus groups was conducted to inform a survey questionnaire mailed to a random sample of landowners in north central Minnesota. Results indicate low willingness among landowners to provide public OHV riding opportunities. Approximately 3% of respondentscurrently allow public access, but that increases significantly if OHV riding behaviors are to reflect lowered noise levels, increased age of riders, low speeds, and small group sizes. Results also indicate that landowner attitudes regarding OHV effects and rider behaviors differ when ridersare family and friends versus the public.
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Karppinen, Heimo, and Harri Hänninen. "Monitoring Finnish family forestry." Forestry Chronicle 82, no. 5 (September 1, 2006): 657–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc82657-5.
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Non-industrial private forestry is important in many European countries as well as in the United States and eastern provinces of Canada. Private forests are especially important in Finland because the forest industries are highly dependent on private timber supply. In this article, we present the Finnish monitoring system for private forestry. Forest owners receive mailed inquiries regarding demographics, holding characteristics, ownership objectives, areas of silvicultural treatments, and timber sales, as well as connections with extension organizations. Studies based on such data have been useful in planning and implementation of national forestry programs and policies. Key words: non-industrial private forest owners, small-scale forestry, landowner characteristics, ownership objectives, forest management behaviour, timber supply, Finland
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Henly, Rusell K., Paul V. Ellefson, and Melvin J. Baughman. "Minnesota's Private Forest Management Assistance Program: An Evaluation of Aspen Timber Sale Assistance." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 7, no. 1 (March 1, 1990): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/7.1.31.
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Abstract State and federal expenditures for Minnesota's private forest management (PFM) program approached $1.9 million in 1987. Nearly 15,000 landowners received PFM assistance in 1986. Seven paired harvests were studied to determine the cost-effectiveness of PFM forester assistance on aspen harvests. PFM forester assistance was found to have little effect on physical harvest conditions (e.g., regeneration and soil impacts) but did result in significantly higher stumpage prices received by landowners. On average, assistance costs exceeded incremental tax returns by $19.70/ac; assisted landowners received a net incremental return of $16.25/ac. Thus, public costs exceeded private landowner returns by $3 45/ac. Increasing the advisory role of PFM foresters while reducing their provision of on-site technical assistance could reduce program costs, as could imposition of larger assistance fees. Cost-effectiveness could be different for other assistance and timber types. North. J. Appl. For. 7(1):31-34, March 1990.
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Brubaker, Roy D., James C. Finley, and Marc E. McDill. "The Effect of Timber Value Information on Pennsylvania's Private Forest Landowner: A Case Study." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 23, no. 4 (December 1, 2006): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/23.4.234.
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Abstract Six case studies involving private forest landowners in two central Pennsylvania counties explore whether or not participants accurately estimate the present and future value of their timber and the impact improved growth and value data had on their perception of forest value. Methods included testing initial participant estimates, attitudes, and objectives against cruise data collected on each tract and discussing discrepancies between the two information sets (predicted and measured). Participants were relatively accurate at predicting approximate present values, but less adept at predicting probable future values and apportioning appropriate values to contributing factors of future value growth. The relative value of these and other findings from the case studies to education and outreach efforts on the part of resource professions—particularly in regards to generating forest landowner interest in forest management—is discussed. North. J. Appl. For. 23(4):234 –240.
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Fischer, A. Paige, Jeffrey D. Kline, Alan A. Ager, Susan Charnley, and Keith A. Olsen. "Objective and perceived wildfire risk and its influence on private forest landowners’ fuel reduction activities in Oregon’s (USA) ponderosa pine ecoregion." International Journal of Wildland Fire 23, no. 1 (2014): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf12164.
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Policymakers seek ways to encourage fuel reduction among private forest landowners to augment similar efforts on federal and state lands. Motivating landowners to contribute to landscape-level wildfire protection requires an understanding of factors that underlie landowner behaviour regarding wildfire. We developed a conceptual framework describing landowners’ propensity to conduct fuel reduction as a function of objective and subjective factors relating to wildfire risk. We tested our conceptual framework using probit analysis of empirical data from a survey of non-industrial private forest landowners in the ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) region of eastern Oregon (USA). Our empirical results confirm the conceptual framework and suggest that landowners’ perceptions of wildfire risk and propensity to conduct fuel treatments are correlated with hazardous fuel conditions on or near their parcels, whether they have housing or timber assets at risk, and their past experience with wildfire, financial capacity for conducting treatments and membership in forestry and fire protection organisations. Our results suggest that policies that increase awareness of hazardous fuel conditions on their property and potential for losses in residential and timber assets, and that enhance social networks through which awareness and risk perception are formed, could help to encourage fuel reduction among private forest landowners.
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English, Burton C., Caroline D. Bell, Garland R. Wells, and Roland K. Roberts. "Stewardship Incentives in Forestry: Participation Factors in Tennessee." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 21, no. 1 (February 1, 1997): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/21.1.5.
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Abstract The likely effect of cost-share incentives on participation in Tennessee's Forest Stewardship Program was estimated and contributing factors were identified. Surveys were mailed to 4,000 nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) landowners, and a logit model was developed to examine economic, physical, and behavioral factors which affect the landowner participation decision. Data collected indicates the majority of landowners are concerned with water quality and wildlife habitat in addition to timber enhancements. Model results indicate that attitudes, experience, and knowledge of forestry programs may outweigh monetary incentives (50, 65 and 75% cost share) in the participation decision. South. J. Appl. For. 21(1):5-10.
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Finley, Andrew O., and David B. Kittredge. "Thoreau, Muir, and Jane Doe: Different Types of Private Forest Owners Need Different Kinds of Forest Management." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 23, no. 1 (March 1, 2006): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/23.1.27.
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Abstract We present a three-phase segmentation analysis designed to highlight the heterogeneity of forest ownership values and attitudes toward government control, privacy, and environmental protection held by a sample of Massachusetts private forest owners. This case study explores private forest owner characteristics that are associated with enrollment into Massachusetts' Chapter 61 current-use forest property tax program, which requires a professionally prepared 10-year forest management plan. We suggest the key to increasing landowner participation in forest management programs is to (1) recognize this heterogeneity of the target population, and (2) tailor the program to meet segment specific needs and desires.
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Jennings, Brian M., and David W. McGill. "Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Forest Stewardship Program in West Virginia: Ten-Year Assessment." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 22, no. 4 (December 1, 2005): 236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/22.4.236.
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Abstract Sixty-three percent of the 2,656 West Virginia Forest Stewardship Program (FSP) participants sampled in this study responded to a survey aimed at assessing the implementation rates of the forest management practices recommended in their forest stewardship plans. Logistic regression models were used to determine factors related to the implementation of 10 different forestry practices. Thirty-nine factors were evaluated for these 10 different binary (implemented, not implemented) response variables including landowner demographics, participation in other private landowner assistance programs, motivation behind enrollment in the FSP, and whether a specific practice was recommended in a plan. Implementation of these 10 practices statistically was associated to 23 of the 39 factors. Participation in other private landowner assistance programs and practice recommendation were two commonly occurring factors related to implementation of forestry practices.North. J. Appl. For. 22(4):236–242.
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Klemperer, W. David. "Adjusting Timberland Lease Payments for Stumpage Price-Changes." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 3, no. 1 (March 1, 1986): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/3.1.22.
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Abstract Many past industrial leases of private timberlands have proven unsatisfactory for landowners, because lease payments were constant during periods of rapidly increasing timber prices. Although many contracts now index lease payments to the inflation rate, few incorporate real increases in stumpage prices above the inflation rate. This paper examines variations of two basic methods for incorporating real stumpage price-increases into formulas for determining acceptable lease payments from views of both landowner and firm. These approaches offer more satisfactory means for nonindustrial private forest landowners to receive annual income before harvest and for firms to obtain wood supplies without the high cost of land purchase. North. J. Appl. For. 3:22-25, Mar. 1986.
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Rosen, Barry N. "A Longitudinal Analysis of Attitudes and Marketing Practices of Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowners." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 12, no. 4 (December 1, 1995): 174–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/12.4.174.
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Abstract This paper reports a survey that examined shifts in NIPF owner attitudes and behavior regarding timber marketing over a 9 yr period in a sample of New York NIPF owners. The study found significant deterioration in owners' attitudes toward harvesting over time. Besides pointing out the need for better outreach to owners by foresters and industry, the results suggest caution to those building supply plans which assume substantial increases in NIPF timber harvesting. One of the key deficits in the literature on non-industrial private forest landowners is the absence of longitudinal studies. Such studies are critical in order to properly assess trends and to develop appropriate public policy. The need for these studies is especially great where the economic and social environment for forestry are influx, as at present. This report presents the results of a project designed to examine shifts in Non-industrial private forest landowner (NIPF) management and marketing behavior over time via a longitudinal analysis of data collected on New York owner attitudes before and after a 9 yr period. The report focuses on how landowner decisions have changed regarding how timber is harvested, particularly regarding use of various sources of market information. North. J. Appl. For. 12(4):174-179.
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Favada, Ibrahim M., Jari Kuuluvainen, and Jussi Uusivuori. "Consistent estimation of long-run nonindustrial private forest owner timber supply using micro data." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, no. 8 (August 2007): 1485–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-009.
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In this paper, the effects of stumpage prices and forest and landowner characteristics on nonindustrial private forest owners’ long-run timber supply are examined using cross-sectional variation in a data set of 1860 landowners in Finland during 1994–1998. We estimate an inverse hyperbolic sine Tobit model allowing for heteroscedasticity and non-normality of errors. The hypotheses of the rotation model can be examined by decomposing the effects of the exogenous variables into the effects on the conditional mean of nonzero harvests and the effects on the probability of nonzero harvest. The results of the study are consistent with the Faustmann rotation model when the forest owner simultaneously decides both the optimal rotation age of an even-aged stand and the optimal life-cycle consumption of goods and services with in situ valuation of standing timber.
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Uusivuori, Jussi, and Jani Laturi. "Carbon rentals and silvicultural subsidies for private forests as climate policy instruments." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, no. 12 (December 2007): 2541–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x07-071.
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A forest model with an endogenous growth description and age-class structure is applied to study the impacts of potential climate policy instruments on the carbon services of privately owned and managed forests. The model describes the behaviour of a utility-maximizing private nonindustrial landowner who optimizes consumption flow, harvest timing, and the intertemporal allocation of silvicultural investments. Two policy options, one in which the landowner is granted periodic carbon rental payments and one in which the government subsidizes the costs of silvicultural investments, are studied. The rules for when the policy measures have both intended and unintended effects are derived. Using numerical examples, we demonstrate that the effectiveness of both policy options depends on the age-class structure of forests when future carbon benefits are discounted. In that case, carbon rental payments are more effective for forests with old age-class structures, while silvicultural subsidies are more effective for forests with young age-class structures.
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Snyder, Stephanie A., Michael A. Kilgore, Steven J. Taff, and Joseph M. Schertz. "Estimating a Family Forest Landowner's Likelihood of Posting against Trespass." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 25, no. 4 (December 1, 2008): 180–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/25.4.180.
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Abstract Hunters and other recreators face challenges to gain access to private forestland in the United States because of an increasing number of landowners posting their land. A landowners' decision to post their land is influenced by a variety of factors, including landowner characteristics, hunter behavior, and parcel attributes. We used a logit model to help understand why family forest landowners in Minnesota post their land against public trespass. Factors that increased the likelihood of posting included younger owners, a perception that allowing access would interfere with one's own hunting, a perception that allowing access would result in damage to one's property, hunting as the primary reason for forestland ownership, larger parcel size, having a management plan, higher property values, and a high percentage of surrounding area open to public hunting. Implications of increased posting by family forest owners on hunting access and wildlife management are discussed.
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DENG, YILING, IAN A. MUNN, KEITH COBLE, and HAIBO YAO. "WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR POTENTIAL STANDING TIMBER INSURANCE." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 47, no. 4 (November 2015): 510–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aae.2015.23.
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AbstractLandowners rarely insure standing timber, suggesting the limited products available do not appeal to potential clientele. We estimated landowner willingness to pay (WTP) for standing timber insurance. Data were generated through a contingent valuation survey. Questionnaires were mailed to a random sample of Mississippi private forest landowners with 100+ acres of forestland. WTP for standing timber insurance was derived using an interval-censored survival model and a Kaplan-Meier Turnbull nonparametric model. The estimated WTP premium rate was approximately $3.20 per $1,000 of standing timber value, well below existing premium rates. This partially explains the underinsurance of standing timber among landowners.
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Jones, Walter Daryl. "Natural Resource Enterprises: Payments to Landowners for Ecosystem Services from Forests and their Management in the United States of America (U.S.)." Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica 12, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aslh-2016-0005.
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Abstract Mississippi landowners were found to diversify incomes from forests through fee-access outdoor recreation, including hunting, angling, wildlife watching, and other nature-based activities (Jones et al. 2005). The Natural Resource Enterprises (NRE) Program at Mississippi State University educates private landowners, resource agencies, and local communities about recreational enterprises, conservation, and integration of these activities with sustainable forestry through educational workshops. Since 2005, the NRE Program has organized and conducted over 75 landowner workshops in 11 U.S. states and Sweden and trained in excess of 4,000 participants in outdoor recreational business development and associated conservation practices. Survey results revealed that our programming has initiated over 1,000 new outdoor recreational businesses on an estimated 1.2 million hectares of forest and agricultural lands, generating over $14 million in incomes while fostering natural resource conservation on family farms in the U.S. NRE development on rural lands benefits landowners and local communities through promoting payments for ecosystem services supported by sustainable forests.
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Measells, Marcus K., Stephen C. Grado, H. Glenn Hughes, Michael A. Dunn, Joshua Idassi, and Bob Zielinske. "Nonindustrial Private Forest Landowner Characteristics and Use of Forestry Services in Four Southern States: Results from a 2002–2003 Mail Survey." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 29, no. 4 (November 1, 2005): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/29.4.194.
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Abstract Forest resources are important economic assets to the southern United States; however, many landowners do not realize the full benefit of their forestland. It was believed that few landowners were being served by forestry-related educational programs or other relevant activities. Therefore, forest landowners in Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Tennessee were engaged in focus groups and surveyed to determine barriers to participation. Six thousand surveys were mailed to landowners owning 10 or more acres of forestland. A total of 1,689 surveys were returned for an adjusted rate of return of 30.7%. From a sociodemographic standpoint, significant differences (α = 0.05) between states existed for ethnic background (P = 0.000) and educational attainment (P = 0.000) only. Landowners' served status was determined by their responses concerning use of a professional forester (37%), information previously received pertaining to forestry (40%), membership in a forestry-related organization (11%), and attendance at forestry-related educational programs (14%). Based on an index compiled from these responses, 75% of forest landowners were deemed underserved. Landowners stated the main reason they had not taken advantage of these programs or services was because they were unaware of them. This indicated a need for more comprehensive outreach efforts targeting landowners. The results revealed that forestry professionals can potentially increase landowner awareness of educational programs by mailing newsletters, pamphlets/brochures, and/or letters to all forest landowners within a reasonable distance of the program. Overall, respondents reported wildlife management, insects/diseases, and marketing timber as topics of paramount interest for future educational programs. South. J. Appl. For. 29(4):194–199.
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Ross-Davis, Amy, and Shorna Broussard. "A Typology of Family Forest Owners in North Central Indiana." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 24, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/24.4.282.
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Abstract Patterns of forest cover across the United States partly reflect the diverse and dynamic ownership motivations and management behaviors of family forest owners. The objectives of this study were to (i) identify distinct types of landowners with regard to ownership motivations and other ownership characteristics and (ii) compare these types of landowners in terms of (a) use of specific forest management practices, (b) information seeking, (c) familiarity with and participation in private forest conservation programs, and (d) ownership and sociodemographic characteristics. A two-step cluster analysis of responses to a mail questionnaire distributed to family forest owners in north central Indiana revealed three distinct types of landowners. Forest managers attributed importance to diverse values with regard to owning their forest. New forest owners owned their properties for the least amount of time and attributed importance to all ownership motivations with the exception of producing timber. Passive forest owners owned the smallest forested acreages and attributed importance to none of the ownership motivations operationalized in this research with the exception of enjoying scenery. Results are discussed in terms of typologies previously described in the literature and the implications of the relationships among landowner types with regard to management.
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Lindsay, John J., and Alphonse H. Gilbert. "The Availability of Fuelwood from Vermont's Nonindustrial Private Forest Lands (NIPF)." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 8, no. 2 (June 1, 1991): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/8.2.57.
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Abstract Vermont's nonindustrial, private forest lands (NIPF) have the potential of supplying 3.3 million cords of fuelwood annually to the Northeast energy market. Annual commercial production levels during the energy crisis of the early 1980s, however, only reached 660,000 cords; 342,000 cords came from NIPF. An additional 340,000 cords were cut and consumed by NIPF owners. Low stumpage prices, landowner self-consumption, adverse esthetic impacts, and low stumpage volumes restricted the actual amount of NIPF wood sold to the region's commercial energy market. Fuelwood harvest in Vermont was associated with large parcel sizes (>100 ac), the landowner's personal use of fuelwood, and the existence of a forest management plan. Even under these conditions, the percentage of NIPF owners willing to sell to the commercial market remained small (25%). If fuelwood is to establish itself as a reliable energy resource in the Northeast, large ownerships must be protected from subdivision and fuelwood stumpage prices must increase dramatically. North J. Appl. For 8(2):57-59
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Godar Chhetri, Sagar, Jason Gordon, Ian Munn, and James Henderson. "Comparison of the Timber Management Expenses of Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowners in Mississippi, United States: Results from 1995–1997 and 2015." Environments 6, no. 9 (September 19, 2019): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments6090107.
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Forest landowner activities change over the lifespan of the forest and ownership cycle. Patterns of change emerge which suggest the evolving nature of forest landownership and Non-industrial Private Forest (NIPF) landowners’ interest in their land. The objective of this study was to examine trends in NIPF landowners’ distribution of forestry expenses in their management activities over time. First, 2010 Mississippi NIPF landowners were randomly selected from a property tax roll list. Our analysis compared study results of Arano et al. (2002) with a 2016 survey that was conducted by the authors of this paper. Both studies drew on assessments of timber management expenditures that were conducted on behalf of a state government department of revenue to determine ad valorem taxes for forest land. As such, both studies contained similar survey questions with 12 forestry-related activities grouped into four major categories: (1) Fees for Professional Services (e.g., consulting foresters, surveyors), (2) Timber Management Expenditures (e.g., site preparation, planting), (3) Other Management Expenditures (e.g., road construction), and (4) Property Taxes. Like the 2002 article, results here are presented as descriptive statistics. In both survey cycles, Timber Management Expenditures represented the largest component of annual expenditures in both the 1990s and 2015. The largest decrease in reported expenditures occurred for Other Management Expenditures. By broadly describing differences in expenditures over time, this study provides insights into the involvement of NIPF landowners in management activities on forest land such as reforestation after final harvest, thinning, and timber stand improvement, which can impact forest products’ supply over time.
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Tian, Nana, and Matthew Pelkki. "Nonindustrial private forest landowner perspectives on forest certification: A look at awareness and barriers." Forest Policy and Economics 131 (October 2021): 102552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2021.102552.
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Baranovskis, Ģirts. "CONTRIBUTION OF PRIVATE LANDS TO BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION OF LATVIA. CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES." SOCIETY. TECHNOLOGY. SOLUTIONS. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 2 (April 8, 2022): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.35363/via.sts.2022.80.
Full textAbstract:
INTRODUCTION
A significant amount of biodiversity occurs on private lands of Latvia. About 88% of grassland habitats and 19% of forest habitats of EU importance are located on private properties. Most of the biodiversity values are located outside the Natura 2000 network and other types of protected areas. In order to reach biodiversity conservation goals of the European Union and Latvia, it is important to integrate private lands into nature conservation strategies as well. There are different mechanisms in Latvia available for biodiversity conservation on private land: protected nature territories; micro-reserves; general legal requirements of nature protection; support payments under the Rural Development Programme; tax exemptions for landowners in protected areas, and others. Economic restrictions related to biodiversity conservation measures also tend to create tension in society and cause socio-economic conflicts that might influence the success of reaching biodiversity goals.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In order to explore private landowners’ attitudes towards biodiversity conservation measures on their land, a literature review was carried out including the analysis of research articles, reports of projects, reports of landowner surveys, and others. Only studies from Baltic Sea region countries were reviewed, selecting 18 articles and reports analysing factors influencing landowners’ attitudes towards biodiversity conservation on private lands. Identified factors and conservation approaches in other countries were analysed in the context of nature conservation system of Latvia, discussing the possible improvements of existing conservation strategies.
RESULTS
Private landowners are a very heterogeneous community, with various attitudes towards biodiversity conservation measures. There are many factors influencing landowners’ attitudes regarding biodiversity conservation on private lands, e.g., property size, field of education and education level, general conservation values of the landowner, income proportion from land management, and others. In general, landowners of Latvia support biodiversity conservation measures on private land; however, they are concerned about possible related restrictions on economic activity and the respecting of their rights to own property. Landowners highlight the importance of effective compensation mechanisms, respectful communication with environmental institutions, and landowners’ participation in conservation related decision-making.
DISCUSSION
In the process of searching for improvements of biodiversity conservation strategies, it is important to take into account the needs and concerns of private landowners. According to analysis, there is a potential and demand for voluntary biodiversity conservation mechanisms in Latvia, which could complement the existing (regulatory) biodiversity conservation strategies. Significant proportion of landowners would be ready to take an active part in the biodiversity conservation process if an effective support system (consultative and financial) were provided.
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Baranovskis, Ģirts. "CONTRIBUTION OF PRIVATE LANDS TO BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION OF LATVIA. CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES." SOCIETY. TECHNOLOGY. SOLUTIONS. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 2 (April 8, 2022): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.35363/via.sts.2022.80.
Full textAbstract:
INTRODUCTION
A significant amount of biodiversity occurs on private lands of Latvia. About 88% of grassland habitats and 19% of forest habitats of EU importance are located on private properties. Most of the biodiversity values are located outside the Natura 2000 network and other types of protected areas. In order to reach biodiversity conservation goals of the European Union and Latvia, it is important to integrate private lands into nature conservation strategies as well. There are different mechanisms in Latvia available for biodiversity conservation on private land: protected nature territories; micro-reserves; general legal requirements of nature protection; support payments under the Rural Development Programme; tax exemptions for landowners in protected areas, and others. Economic restrictions related to biodiversity conservation measures also tend to create tension in society and cause socio-economic conflicts that might influence the success of reaching biodiversity goals.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In order to explore private landowners’ attitudes towards biodiversity conservation measures on their land, a literature review was carried out including the analysis of research articles, reports of projects, reports of landowner surveys, and others. Only studies from Baltic Sea region countries were reviewed, selecting 18 articles and reports analysing factors influencing landowners’ attitudes towards biodiversity conservation on private lands. Identified factors and conservation approaches in other countries were analysed in the context of nature conservation system of Latvia, discussing the possible improvements of existing conservation strategies.
RESULTS
Private landowners are a very heterogeneous community, with various attitudes towards biodiversity conservation measures. There are many factors influencing landowners’ attitudes regarding biodiversity conservation on private lands, e.g., property size, field of education and education level, general conservation values of the landowner, income proportion from land management, and others. In general, landowners of Latvia support biodiversity conservation measures on private land; however, they are concerned about possible related restrictions on economic activity and the respecting of their rights to own property. Landowners highlight the importance of effective compensation mechanisms, respectful communication with environmental institutions, and landowners’ participation in conservation related decision-making.
DISCUSSION
In the process of searching for improvements of biodiversity conservation strategies, it is important to take into account the needs and concerns of private landowners. According to analysis, there is a potential and demand for voluntary biodiversity conservation mechanisms in Latvia, which could complement the existing (regulatory) biodiversity conservation strategies. Significant proportion of landowners would be ready to take an active part in the biodiversity conservation process if an effective support system (consultative and financial) were provided.
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Grove, Patrick M., Joseph L. Conrad, Thomas G. Harris, and Joseph Dahlen. "Consulting Forester Timber Sale Practices in the US South." Forest Science 66, no. 2 (October 28, 2019): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxz068.
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Abstract Private timber sale transactions are vital to the forest products industry in the US South. Consulting foresters often assist private landowners in administering timber sales, and their decisions and practices have a major impact on landowner compensation, satisfaction, and market efficiency. This study used a mixed-mode survey of consulting foresters in 11 southern states to examine contract terms, timber sale practices, and market conditions on private sales. Responses were received from 430 consultants, resulting in a 37 percent response rate. Final harvests are primarily offered to bidders, whereas thinnings are more likely to have timber prices negotiated. Pay-as-cut payment terms are typical for thinnings, but less common in the Mountains where lump sum is relatively more common. Well under 50 percent of firms from the Coastal Plain and Piedmont conduct presale inventories on thinnings, whereas nearly two-thirds of firms in the Mountains use inventories on these types of harvests. Fewer than 25 percent of responding foresters suggested that restrictive quotas reduced landowner revenue on pay-as-cut timber sales. Consulting firms reporting that sawtimber quotas were never a problem in their area reported at least two more sawtimber outlets than those concerned about restrictive mill quotas.
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Viani, Ricardo A. G., Henrique Bracale, and Denise Taffarello. "Lessons Learned from the Water Producer Project in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil." Forests 10, no. 11 (November 15, 2019): 1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10111031.
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Forest and landscape restoration (FLR) is a powerful strategy for large-scale tropical forest recovery, and payment for ecosystem services (PES) is used to support FLR programs and projects on privately-owned land. In this article, we discuss the lessons learned from the Water Producer Project, a pioneer, multiple-stakeholder, and PES-supported FLR project in the Atlantic Forest, south-eastern Brazil. The project was implemented in four landscapes located in two municipalities. Altogether, 41 PES contracts with landowners were signed, resulting in various FLR practices being implemented in a total of 342.4 ha (64.2 ha for riparian forest restoration, 90.8 ha for soil conservation, and 187.4 for forest conservation) of land, which represents 39% of the project goal. As of the end of the project, only 50% (USD 49,250) of the available PES funds had been spent. However, funds spent on project planning, implementation, communication, and monitoring were 12 times greater than those spent on PES. Several challenges restricted the progress and monitoring of the project. The main issue was landowner participation and/or engagement. In terms of lessons learned, we highlight that PES schemes are more complex than initially thought, and that sufficient funding does not guarantee the success of FLR projects. It is essential to promote landowner participation and engagement by considering them key players in FLR projects. Finally, acceptance from landowners was higher and implementation was easier for forest conservation practices that required no land-use changes. Thus, we suggest that similar future projects should focus on targeting private properties in marginal agricultural lands with a high probability of natural regeneration. Alternatively, future projects could focus on lands with remnant forest cover of high conservation value.
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Doolittle, Larry, and Thomas J. Straka. "Regeneration Following Harvest on Nonindusrial Private Pine Sites in the South: A Diffusion of Innovations Perspective." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 11, no. 1 (February 1, 1987): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/11.1.37.
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Abstract The "diffusion of innovations" model is used to explain differences between nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) landowners who regenerated their pine stands following harvest and those who did not. It describes how new technologies and practices (regeneration in this case) are adopted by members of a social system. Differences between regenerators and nonregenerators are explained in terms of socioeconomic characteristics, personality variables, and communication behavior. The mass media are the most efficient means to reach NIPF owners, but foresters may have to employ personal contacts or individual mailings to affect NIPF regeneration decisions. Noneconomic models of NIPF landowner behavior can expand our understanding of the forces that shape NIPF timberland management practices. South. J. Appl. For. 11(1):37-41.
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Susaeta, Andres, Pankaj Lal, Douglas R. Carter, and Janaki Alavalapati. "Modeling nonindustrial private forest landowner behavior in face of woody bioenergy markets." Biomass and Bioenergy 46 (November 2012): 419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.07.018.
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Kauneckis, Derek, and Abigail M. York. "An Empirical Evaluation of Private Landowner Participation in Voluntary Forest Conservation Programs." Environmental Management 44, no. 3 (July 23, 2009): 468–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-009-9327-3.
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Díaz Balteiro, Luis. "Influencia de políticas ambientales en la captura de carbono por parte de las masas forestales." Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales 2, no. 1 (October 23, 2011): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.7201/earn.2002.01.08.
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Since recently forest ecosystems has been included as possible sinks of the atmospheric CO2, the establishment of new forest plantations is mentioned as a measure to mitigate the concentrations of this gas. This capacity would take to assess environmental objectives into afforestations programs. Under the optics of a private landowner or a possible investor in this kind of assets, these circumstances turn decision-making process into a joint production case, different to the traditional management of these forestations. On the other hand, from a social point of view the capture of carbon would be at his maximum. Two possible cases of afforestations have been discussed, and the results show that the current system of European grants cannot constitute an optimal solution, since to add new grants to those existent it won't cause bigger carbon storage, but only an increase in the landowners’ revenues.
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Sarkissian, Arbi J., Robert M. Brook, Salma N. Talhouk, and Neal J. Hockley. "Asset-building payments for ecosystem services: assessing landowner perceptions of reforestation incentives in Lebanon." Forest Systems 26, no. 2 (September 8, 2017): e012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/fs/2017262-10325.
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Aim of study: Incentivising landowners to supply ecosystem services remains challenging, especially when this requires long-term investments such as reforestation. We investigated how landowners perceive, and would respond to, distinct types of incentives for planting diverse native trees on private lands in Lebanon. Our aim was to understand landowners’ attitudes towards hypothetical Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) contracts options; their likely participation; and the potential additionality they would provide. Area of study: Highland villages situated within eight of Lebanon’s 20 Important Plant Areas Materials and methods: Mixed-methods surveys were conducted with 34 landowners to determine past, present and future land-use strategies. Study participants were presented with three differently structured reforestation contract options (or schemes). The three schemes (results-based loan, action-based grant, and results-based payments) differed in their expected risks and benefits to landowners. Qualitative debriefing questions followed each of the schemes presented. Main results: Although the results-based loan did deter uptake relative to the lower risk action-based grant, results-based payments did not significantly increase uptake or planting area, suggesting asymmetric attitudes to risk. Qualitative probing revealed economic, social (e.g. trust) and institutional factors (e.g. legal implications of planting forest trees on private land) that limited willingness to participate in the results-based contract option. Research highlights: This study demonstrates the importance of combining qualitative and quantitative methods to better understand landowner perceptions of incentives and risks, particularly in challenging socio-political contexts.
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McGill, David W., Chad D. Pierskalla, Brian M. Jennings, Shawn T. Grushecky, and David Lilly. "Landowner Satisfaction with Timber Harvesting on West Virginia Forest Stewardship Program Properties." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 23, no. 1 (March 1, 2006): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/23.1.6.
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Abstract We conducted a survey of 3,092 private forest owners enrolled in the West Virginia Forest Stewardship Program to assess program outcomes during its first decade. A component of this assessment was a set of questions designed to bring to light the outcomes of timber harvesting experiences that these landowners may have encountered. Among the 1,672 questionnaires (63% response rate after removing undeliverable addresses) that were returned for our assessment of recommended forestry practices implementation, 445 (27%) respondents indicated that they had conducted a timber sale on their stewardship properties. This article looks at satisfaction ratings among these 445 respondents with regard to the results of their timber transactions. Factors closely associated with satisfaction in the condition of respective forest properties following timber harvesting were satisfaction with the amount of revenue generated from the harvest, whether or not a discussion of best management practices (BMP) took place, and whether a contract was present. This latter variable was negatively related to landowner satisfaction level, but this may be more of a numerical artifact than a finding that would encourage a change in recommendations for contracts.
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Rossi, Frederick J., Douglas R. Carter, Janaki R. R. Alavalapati, and John T. Nowak. "Forest Landowner Participation in State-Administered Southern Pine Beetle Prevention Cost-Share Programs." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 34, no. 3 (August 1, 2010): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/34.3.110.
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Abstract Healthy pine trees in low-density stands offer the best defense against the southern pine beetle (SPB), helping to ensure that timber resources and other benefits of forests are protected against infestations. Through the SPB prevention cost-share program, landowners of nonindustrial private forestland are able to receive a financial incentive for improving forest health by proactively undertaking forest management practices. In this study, two surveys were used to analyze this program: (1) a survey of enrollees in the SPB prevention cost-share program, and (2) a survey of forest landowners who have not participated in a cost-share program. Data are used to examine similarities and differences in the two samples (e.g., background awareness of the SPB, sources of their information about the SPB). Information obtained from cost-share program enrollees is also presented to characterize their participation and to provide an overall evaluation of the program. Data indicate that the SPB prevention cost-share program is very successful in terms of the satisfaction of its customers (i.e., the actual program participants).
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Sharma, Sadikshya, and Melissa M. Kreye. "Public Attitudes towards Birds and Private Forest Land Conservation." Forests 12, no. 11 (November 6, 2021): 1525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12111525.
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The eastern United States is dominantd by private forest lands, which are important for supporting a significant proportion of global bird populations. Here, we examine public attitudes towards bird conservation, government involvement in private lands issues, and private forest management objectives with an aim to better understand how these perceptions may shape broader attitudes about bird conservation. Data were collected using psychometric scales and a statewide web survey of the general public in Pennsylvania, USA (n = 656). Findings reveal four unique perspectives about birds and important correlations with conservation support on private lands. Respondents with positive views about landowner assistance programs often had more complex attitudes towards birds and were associated with relational and ethical perspectives about birds. We conclude that future public education efforts might cultivate in learners a more robust understanding of bird conservation if they included private forest lands values and culture in their programs.
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Ver Planck, Neil R., Andrew O. Finley, and Emily S. Huff. "Hierarchical Bayesian models for small area estimation of county-level private forest landowner population." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 47, no. 12 (December 2017): 1577–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2017-0154.
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The National Woodland Owner Survey (NWOS), administered by the USDA Forest Service, provides estimates of private forest ownership characteristics and owners’ attitudes and behaviors at a national, regional, and state levels. Due to sample sizes prescribed for inference at the state level, there are insufficient data to support county-level estimates. However, county-level estimates of NWOS variables are desired because ownership programs and education initiatives often occur at the county level and such information could help tailor these efforts to better match county-specific needs and demographics. Here, we present and assess methods to estimate the number of private forest ownerships at the county level for two states, Montana and New Jersey. To assess model performance, true population parameters were derived from cadastral and remote sensing data. Two small area estimation (SAE) models, the Fay-Herriot (FH) and the FH with conditional autoregressive random effects (FHCAR), improved estimated county-level population mean squared error (MSE) over that achieved by direct estimates. The proposed SAE models use covariates to improve accuracy and precision of county-level estimates. Results show total forest area, and 2010 decennial census population density covariates explained a significant portion of variability in county-level population size. These and other results suggest that the proposed SAE methods yield a statistically robust approach to deliver reliable estimates of private ownership population size and could be extended to additional important NWOS variables at the county level.
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Hunt, Seth David, Rebecca Barlow, John Kush, Larry Teeter, and Conner Bailey. "Ownership Changes and Harvesting Patterns Associated with the Forest Products Industry in West-Central Alabama from 1984 to 2014." Journal of Sustainable Development 11, no. 4 (July 29, 2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v11n4p53.
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Since the beginning of the 1980s, vertically integrated forest products companies have divested their forestland with much of the new ownership being real estate investment trusts (REITs) and timberland investment management organizations (TIMOs). These new landowners and their associated behavior of intensive timber management and higher and better use conversion has given rise to issues such as land-use change, fragmentation, and conservation. To better gauge harvesting patterns and ownership changes associated with the divestment of forestland by forest industry and the arrival of TIMOs and REITs on the forested landscape, eleven Landsat scenes were used to detect harvest activity within the Alabama counties of Bibb, Hale, Pickens, and Tuscaloosa from 1984 to 2014. Detected harvesting activity was paired with county parcel data and then classified based on landowner type: REITs, TIMOs, forest product industry, government, and non-industrial private forest (NIPF) landowners. Overall harvest trends showed a decrease in harvest rates from 1984 to 2005 with a slight increase in harvest rates after 2005. Per scene interval, acres harvested were highly variable for NIPF and relatively stable for forest industry during this time. Government ownership maintained relatively low and stable harvesting behavior throughout the study period. Acres harvested by REITs was relatively low. TIMOs showed an ever increasing rate of harvest within the study area until the last scene interval (2011-2014).
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Shockley, Thomas, and A. J. Martin. "Estimating Management Plan Implementation in Northeast Wisconsin." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 17, no. 4 (December 1, 2000): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/17.4.135.
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Abstract Forest management plans were examined for a random population of nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) landowners in eight counties in northeast Wisconsin. Implementation rates of practices (i.e., percentages of practices within each management plan that were completed, in progress, or not done), were estimated for each NIPF landowner. Only NIPF landowners participating in forest management assistance programs (Wisconsin's state forest tax law programs, or the federal Stewardship Incentive Program) were considered for the study. A total of 464 forest management plans were examined to determine numbers and types of practices prescribed, rates of implementation, and cost-sharing utilization. The results indicated that 78% of practices mandated by law within the state's tax law programs were either completed or were in progress. Other findings show that 36% of recommended practices within the state's tax law programs were either completed or were in progress. The results of the Stewardship Incentive Program study indicated that 21% of practices prescribed in those plans were either completed or were in progress. Commercial timber harvests were the most widely prescribed mandatory practices while planting prescriptions occupied the majority of recommended practices. Cost-sharing was used on 22% of mandatory tax law practices, 6.5% of recommended tax law practices, and 7% of practices in the Stewardship Incentive Program. North. J. Appl. For. 17(4):135–140.