Journal articles on the topic 'Prisons'
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1
Rampersaud, Marsha. "Process and Becoming: Spatiality and Carceral Identities." TOPIA: Canadian Journal of Cultural Studies 43 (September 1, 2021): 100–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/topia-43-008.
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This paper theorizes that a process of identity transformation occurs when individuals enter prisons, whereby individuals become prisoners. I investigate how this identity transformation occurs through interaction with the prison’s architectural design. Prisons are posited as locations of purposeful spatial organization whose design evokes particular performances from those within and outside, and which actively contributes to the creation of the prisoner identity. This investigation reveals a carceral power at work which renders prisons sites of articulated and detailed control that exist within a broader set of institutional practices and relations of power aimed at the transformation of individuals. This discussion critically engages with the broader purpose of the prison: while prisons are meant to rehabilitate and reform prisoners, the structured architecture of the prison conflicts with this objective.
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Lecomte-Tilouine, Marie, and Mohan Singh Rana. "Understanding prisons’ inner organisation." Contributions to Indian Sociology 51, no. 2 (April 26, 2017): 194–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0069966717697415.
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The fact that voices of the prisoners are absent in the few studies devoted to prison life in Nepal is no doubt related to the difficulty of conducting inquiries in such a context, which strongly limits our understanding of prisons. This article seeks to portray the functioning of prisons in Nepal from the inside, through the inmates’ narratives. It addresses the prison’s inner organisation and the role of ‘convict officers’. It is based on a study conducted in 2012 and 2013 with convicted male and female inmates belonging to different castes as well as the discussions with the staff of the prison administration, the prison directors and the police.
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NJOROGE, PAULINE. "THE EFFECTS OF PRISON REFORMS ON REFORMATION OF INMATES IN NYANDARUA COUNTY,KENYA." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 7 (August 1, 2020): 630–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.77.8652.
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This paper uses data collected for an MA Thesis on effects of prison reforms on reformation of inmates in Nyandarua County prisons, Kenya. This study has been necessitated by the need to make the penal system fair and effective. As has been revealed by this study, despite undertaking prison reforms, the attempt to improve the harsh prison conditions has created other problems that negate the reformation and rehabilitation of offenders.
The study sought to investigate the effects of prison reforms on reformation of inmates in prisons with a focus on examining the existing prison reforms that have been undertaken in prisons since 2001, the effects of prison reforms on the reformation of prisoners, how Prison reforms have negated the reformation of prisoners, and mechanisms that were in place in prisons to control the negative effects of prison reforms.
Major research findings obtained revealed that, though reforms have been implemented, a good portion of the reforms remained un-implemented. This may be explained by the fact that the prison authorities themselves did not put in place deliberate measures to rehabilitate inmates. Besides, there were gaps in the marketability of the skills that the prisoners acquired while in prison.
The study noted the upsurge of prison crimes such as substances and drug abuse, rape and sodomy, and prisoner violence/assaults against other prisoners. The study recommends promotion of prison staff because they are the first line of defense in terms of government reformation efforts. Their stronger good will counts in any prisons reformation agenda.
The study recommends constant review of prison education and training programmes to conform them to current job market skills for smooth re-integration of prisoners back into the society.
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Sexton, Lori, and Valerie Jenness. "“We’re like community”: Collective identity and collective efficacy among transgender women in prisons for men." Punishment & Society 18, no. 5 (August 1, 2016): 544–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1462474516642859.
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Recognizing that prisons house diverse populations in equally diverse types of environments, we utilize a unique data set and employ two well-known sociological concepts—collective identity and collective efficacy—to examine overlapping communities in which transgender women in prisons for men are situated and experience prison life. Findings from our mixed-methods analysis reveal that despite their considerable diversity, transgender prisoners embrace a collective identity and perceive collective efficacy as transgender prisoners more so than as prisoners per se; their collective identity and perceptions of collective efficacy are predicated on social-interactional factors rather than demographic characteristics and physical features of the carceral environment; and the more time a transgender inmate spends in prison, the more likely she is to identify with a community of transgender prisoners, but the less likely she is to feel an affective commitment to the transgender prisoner community or to expect other transgender prisoners to act on her behalf in prison. This novel application of dynamics generally understood to operate in social movements and residential neighborhoods—collective identity and collective efficacy, respectively—to the transgender community in California’s prisons sheds insight into the ways in which transgender women in prisons for men experience prison life, the loyalties around which prison life is organized, and the complexities around which communities in prison are structured.
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Johnsen, Berit, Per Kristian Granheim, and Janne Helgesen. "Exceptional prison conditions and the quality of prison life: Prison size and prison culture in Norwegian closed prisons." European Journal of Criminology 8, no. 6 (November 2011): 515–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370811413819.
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This paper discusses the quality of prison life and prison size in relation to the notion of ‘Scandinavian exceptionalism’. Using the questionnaires ‘Measuring the Quality of Prison Life’ (MQPL) for prisoners and ‘Staff Measuring the Quality of Prison Life’ (SQL) for staff, data were collected from all 32 closed prisons in Norway. Based on the assumption that prison officers’ working lives, their perspectives and their values influence prisoners’ quality of life, the main focus in the paper is on the officers. Small prisons (fewer than 50 prisoners) obtain more positive results than medium-sized (50–100) and large (more than 100) prisons, on several dimensions measured. The relationship between officers and prisoners seems to be of better quality in small prisons than in medium-sized and large prisons. Officers in small prisons also report more positive relationships with senior management than their colleagues in medium-sized and large prisons. The results are discussed in light of previous studies on officers and prison working life dynamics.
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Treacy, Samantha, Anna Haggith, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, and Tine Van Bortel. "Dementia-friendly prisons: a mixed-methods evaluation of the application of dementia-friendly community principles to two prisons in England." BMJ Open 9, no. 8 (August 2019): e030087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030087.
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ObjectivesTo apply and evaluate dementia-friendly community (DFC) principles in prisons.DesignA pilot study and process evaluation using mixed methods, with a 1-year follow-up evaluation period.SettingTwo male prisons: a category C sex offender prison (prison A) and a local prison (prison B).Participants68 participants—50 prisoners, 18 staff.InterventionThe delivery of dementia information sessions, and the formulation and implementation of dementia-friendly prison action plans.MeasuresStudy-specific questionnaires; Alzheimer’s Society DFC criteria; semi-structured interview and focus group schedules.ResultsBoth prisons hosted dementia information sessions which resulted in statistically significant (p>0.05) increases in attendees’ dementia knowledge, sustained across the follow-up period. Only prison A formulated and implemented a dementia action plan, although a prison B prisoner dedicated the prisoner magazine to dementia, post-information session. Prison A participants reported some progress on awareness raising, environmental change and support to prisoners with dementia in maintaining independence. The meeting of other dementia-friendly aims was less apparent. Numbers of older prisoners, and those diagnosed with dementia, appeared to have the greatest impact on engagement with DFC principles, as did the existence of specialist wings for older prisoners or those with additional care needs. Other barriers and facilitators included aspects of the prison institution and environment, staff teams, prisoners, prison culture and external factors.ConclusionsDFC principles appear to be acceptable to prisons with some promising progress and results found. However, a lack of government funding and strategy to focus action around the escalating numbers of older prisoners and those living with dementia appears to contribute to a context where interventions targeted at this highly vulnerable group can be deprioritised. A more robust evaluation of this intervention on a larger scale over a longer period of time would be useful to assess its utility further.
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Brown, Ashley, Helen Sweeting, Greig Logan, Evangelia Demou, and Kate Hunt. "Prison Staff and Prisoner Views on a Prison Smoking Ban: Evidence From the Tobacco in Prisons Study." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 21, no. 8 (May 26, 2018): 1027–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nty092.
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Abstract Introduction In jurisdictions permitting prisoner smoking, rates are high (c75%), with smoking embedded in prison culture, leading to secondhand smoke exposures among staff and prisoners and challenges for smoking cessation. Momentum is building to ban smoking in prisons, but research on staff and prisoner views is lacking. We address this gap, providing evidence on staff and prisoner views throughout all Scottish prisons. Methods Data were collected prior to the announcement of a (November 2018) prison smoking ban throughout Scotland. Mixed methods were used: surveys of staff (online, N = 1271, ~27%) and prisoners (questionnaire, N = 2512, ~34%); 17 focus groups and two paired interviews with staff in 14 prisons. Results Staff were more positive than prisoners about bans and increased smoking restrictions, although prisoner views were more favorable should e-cigarettes be permitted. Nonsmokers were more positive than smokers. Whilst 74% staff and 22% prisoners agreed bans were a good idea, both groups acknowledged implementation and enforcement challenges. Staff views were influenced by beliefs about: acceptability of the policy in principle and whether/how bans could be achieved. Although some voiced doubts about smoke-free policies, staff likened a ban to other operational challenges. Staff raised concerns around needs for appropriate measures, resources and support, adequate lead-in time, and effective communication prior to a ban. Conclusion We recommend that regular and open opportunities for dialogue within and between different stakeholder groups are created when preparing for prison smoking bans and that specific measures to address staff and prisoner concerns are incorporated into plans to create and maintain smoke-free environments. Implications To our knowledge, this study is the first to research staff and prisoner views across a whole prison system prior to implementation of smoke-free policies. The results highlight potential challenges and suggest measures, which might help to maximize the success of bans. Our results are relevant for prison service managers responsible for the forthcoming introduction of a ban in Scottish prisons (November 2018) and for other prison systems and comparable institutions planning smoke-free initiatives. Given that prison smoking bans may be contentious, we recommend creating regular and open opportunities for dialogue between stakeholders when preparing for and maintaining smoke-free environments.
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Peirce, Jennifer, and Gustavo Fondevila. "Concentrated Violence: The Influence of Criminal Activity and Governance on Prison Violence in Latin America." International Criminal Justice Review 30, no. 1 (June 6, 2019): 99–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1057567719850235.
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In this article, we explore patterns of prison violence in five Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, El Salvador, and Peru. Drawing on data from prisoner surveys conducted in 49 facilities with over 4,400 prisoners, we analyze the association between facility-level and individual-level rates of experiences of violence and the extent of perceived criminal activity committed in or ordered from inside prisons. Contrary to classical theory, neither poor prison conditions nor prior delinquent experience is directly associated with increased violence. Rather, we demonstrate that prison facilities with more widespread criminal activity inside have higher rates of prison violence. Further, within a given facility, prisoners with closer ties to criminal activity have more pre-incarceration criminal exposure and are also more likely to experience violence inside prison; this reflects research on victim–offender overlap. At a general level, our study shows that involvement in the sub-rosa economy of the prison increases one’s risk of violence in prison. We consider how common features of Latin American prisons—scarce state-provided resources, permeability to people on the outside, and more prisoner-led governance—explain these dynamics of violence inside prisons. Where prisoner-led governance is more consolidated—such as in Brazil and El Salvador—violence appears to be less common, even if criminal activity is prevalent, compared to countries where prison governance is combined or contested between authorities and prisoners. These findings suggest that prison violence reduction policies should respond to the real needs and strategies of incarcerated people rather than simply impose more control.
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Forrester, Andrew, Christopher Henderson, Simon Wilson, Ian Cumming, Miriam Spyrou, and Janet Parrott. "A suitable waiting room? Hospital transfer outcomes and delays from two London prisons." Psychiatric Bulletin 33, no. 11 (November 2009): 409–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.108.022780.
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Aims and MethodTo describe a group of prisoners who required transfer to mental health units from two London prisons. Data were collected from prison clinical records.ResultsOverall, 149 patient-prisoners were transferred over a 17-month period. Around a quarter were not previously known to services. the aggregate wait was 36.5 years (averaging between 93 and 102 days per prisoner) and the total saving to the National Health Service (NHS) has been estimated at £6.759 million.Clinical ImplicationsBoth prisons manage a large number of prisoners with untreated psychosis. While in prison, they save the NHS considerable sums of money, but transfer delays prevent timely treatment and could now be legally challenged.
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Brown, Ashley, Helen Sweeting, Sean Semple, Linda Bauld, Evangelia Demou, Greig Logan, and Kate Hunt. "Views of prison staff in Scotland on the potential benefits and risks of e-cigarettes in smoke-free prisons: a qualitative focus group study." BMJ Open 9, no. 6 (June 2019): e027799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027799.
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ObjectiveElectronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) were introduced into all Scottish prisons in February 2018, some months after prisons began preparing in 2017 for a smoking ban implemented in November 2018. In 2016/2017, prison staff views on the potential benefits and risks of e-cigarettes were explored in advance of the introduction of: (1) a smoking ban and (2) e-cigarettes.SettingFourteen prisons in Scotland.ParticipantsSeventeen focus groups and two paired interviews were conducted with 132 staff in 14 Scottish prisons 4–9 months before plans for a smoking ban were announced in July 2017. Both smoking and non-smoking staff were invited to participate.ResultsPrison staff highlighted three potential risks of e-cigarettes in smoke-free prisons: staff health risks from e-cigarette vapour; prisoner health risks from vaping; and risks to both groups from e-cigarette misuse, defects or accidents. Conversely, potential benefits of e-cigarettes in smoke-free prisons centred on: reducing smoking-related health harms to staff and prisoners; helping prisoners to manage without tobacco; and supporting staff to maintain safety and discipline in prison. Staff who participated in focus groups had limited experience of vaping and expressed some uncertainty and misunderstandings about e-cigarettes.ConclusionOur findings highlight that scientific uncertainty, misunderstanding about vaping, the complexity of prisons as workplaces and prison tobacco control policy all have implications for staff perceptions of the potential place of e-cigarettes in smoke-free prisons. To alleviate staff concerns, there is a need for reliable information on e-cigarettes. Staff may also require reassurances on whether products are ‘tamper proof’, and rules about vaping indoors.
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Robinson, Amy, Helen Sweeting, and Kate Hunt. "UK news media representations of smoking, smoking policies and tobacco bans in prisons." Tobacco Control 27, no. 6 (February 19, 2018): 622–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-053868.
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BackgroundPrisoner smoking rates remain high, resulting in secondhand smoke exposures for prison staff and non-smoker prisoners. Several jurisdictions have introduced prison smoking bans with little evidence of resulting disorder. Successful implementation of such bans requires staff support. As news media representations of health and other issues shape public views and as prison smoking bans are being introduced in the UK, we conducted content analysis of UK news media to explore representations of smoking in prisons and smoke-free prisons.MethodsWe searched 64 national and local newspapers and 5 broadcast media published over 17 months during 2015–2016, and conducted thematic analysis of relevant coverage in 106 articles/broadcasts.ResultsCoverage was relatively infrequent and lacked in-depth engagement with the issues. It tended to reinforce a negative view of prisoners, avoid explicit concern for prisoner or prison staff health and largely ignore the health gains of smoke-free policies. Most coverage failed to discuss appropriate responses or support for cessation in the prison context, or factors associated with high prisoner smoking rates. Half the articles/broadcasts included coverage suggesting smoke-free prisons might lead to unrest or instability.ConclusionsNegative news media representations of prisoners and prison smoking bans may impact key stakeholders’ views (eg, prison staff, policy-makers) on the introduction of smoke-free prison policies. Policy-makers’ communications when engaging in discussion around smoke-free prison policies should draw on the generally smooth transitions to smoke-free prisons to date, and on evidence on health benefits of smoke-free environments and smoking cessation.
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Bradley, Alexandria, and Bill Davies. "Devastation and innovation: examining prison education during a national pandemic." Journal of Criminal Psychology 11, no. 3 (July 12, 2021): 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcp-12-2020-0051.
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Purpose This paper aims to highlight the impact that Covid-19 has had on the quality of education in prisons. This study considers the restrictive approaches taken by Her Majesty’s Prison Service during this challenging time, to argue that prisoner education is not being adequately prioritised. This study highlight issues relating to the digital divide in prisons and the lack of technological advancement, which could improve educational continuity and in-cell learning. Design/methodology/approach This study provides an examination of the broad impact the national pandemic has had on prisons and punishment, Covid-19 National Frameworks and policies relating to prison restrictions, the movements within prisoner education policy, scholarship and reflections from delivering Learning Together in HMP Full Sutton, to argue that prisoners are at the bottom of the educational hierarchy in terms of delivery, innovation and prioritisation of learner needs. However, this study proposes that some of the technologically enhanced learning is a potential solution, to transform educational equity and to reduce the digital divide. Findings This study highlights that education in prisons has taken a sudden and substantial deterioration. Findings suggest that there are few signs of this improving in the immediate future due to ongoing national restrictions. The Covid-19 prison restrictions further demonstrate the neglect of prisoners' educational needs. In addition, the national pandemic has highlighted the lack of use of technology within educational delivery in prisoners. However, findings suggest that through engaging digital learning platforms and the greater inclusions of technology in prisons, they can enhance educational opportunities and inclusive experiences for isolated learners. Research limitations/implications This is a study piece with support from a review of policy and scholarship. This is not based on data collected with serving prisoners during the national pandemic. Originality/value This study provides an overview of the current restrictions and lockdowns in prison associated with the national pandemic. Contemporary consideration to this underexplored area is essential to highlight the severe deprivations of prisoners and the fundamental impact this has had on educational delivery and much anticipated progression. Nuanced approaches to increase the use of technology within prison education are considered, in light of the challenges the pandemic has spotlighted.
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Darke, Sacha. "Managing without guards in a Brazilian police lockup." Focaal 2014, no. 68 (March 1, 2014): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2014.680104.
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Brazilian prisons are typically crowded and poorly resourced, yet at the same time may be active places. Of particular interest to the sociology of prisons is institutional reliance on inmate collaboration and self-ordering, not only to maintain prison routines, but, in the most low-staffed prisons, security and prisoner conduct as well. This article explores the roles played by inmates in running one such penal institution, a men's police lockup in Rio de Janeiro. At the time of research the lockup had over 450 prisoners, but just five officers. Both on and off the wings inmates performed janitorial, clerical, and guard-like duties, mostly under the supervision not of officers but other prisoners. The lockup appeared to be operating under a relatively stable, if de facto and provisional order, premised on common needs and shared beliefs, and maintained by a hierarchy of prisoner as well as officer authority.
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Crewe, Ben, Alison Liebling, and Susie Hulley. "Staff‐Prisoner Relationships, Staff Professionalism, and the Use of Authority in Public‐ and Private‐Sector Prisons." Law & Social Inquiry 40, no. 02 (2015): 309–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lsi.12093.
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Prison privatization has generally been associated with developments in neoliberal punishment. However, relatively little is known about the specific impact of privatization on the daily life of prisoners, including areas that are particularly salient not just to debates about neoliberal penality, but the wider reconfiguration of public service provision and frontline work. Drawing on a study of values, practices, and quality of life in five private‐sector and two public‐sector prisons in England and Wales, this article seeks to compare and explain three key domains of prison culture and quality: relationships between frontline staff and prisoners, levels of staff professionalism (or jailcraft), and prisoners' experience of state authority. The study identifies some of the characteristic strengths and weaknesses of the public and private prison sectors, particularly in relation to staff professionalism and its impact on the prisoner experience. These findings have relevance beyond the sphere of prisons and punishment.
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Minke, Linda Kjær. "Hjørnestenene i den danske kriminalforsorg:." Nordisk Tidsskrift for Kriminalvidenskab 108, no. 1 (March 27, 2021): 99–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ntfk.v108i1.125566.
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AbstractThe principles of normalisation and openness are cornerstones of modern prison philosophy. Normalisation involves making prison life as similar as possible to normal outside life and openness counteracts the negative effects of the total institution (Rentzmann, 1996). Both normalisation and openness imply that it should be the norm to place a person in an open prison. He or she should only be placed in a closed prison if there is a concrete, real risk of escape or if the prisoner is considered dangerous. The question is: does the Danish prison system in the era of the millennium still pay tribute to these two cornerstones when it comes to prisoner placement and furloughs? Since sentence length and disciplinary offences can determine both prisoner placement and prison furloughs, the article also explores developments in determinate sentencing and disciplinary punishment. Based on statistics and legislation, the analysis reveals that the severity of penalties increased during the period 2002-2019, e.g., average sentence length increased, more prisoners were placed in closed prisons, fewer prison furloughs were permitted, and more prisoners were exposed to disciplinary punishment. These developments can be explained by laws and rules implemented to deal with gang-related crime andgang-connected prisoners, who make up about 10 percent of the total prison population. While these strict laws and rules are designed to discipline the few, they have influenced the many and undermined the basic principles of normalisation and openness in Danish prisons.
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Μπαμπάσικας, Κωνσταντίνος. "Η επίδραση του τύπου φυλακής στην επιθετικότητα και την ψυχική υγεία των κρατουμένων στις ελληνικές φυλακές." Psychology: the Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society 22, no. 1 (October 15, 2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/psy_hps.23249.
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Prisons differ in the degree of autonomy they provide to inmates. The objective of this study is to measure the impact of the prison environment, as reflected in the prison types, on prisoners’ self-reported aggression and mental health. This question becomes even more relevant since the recent bill opposing the set-up of a Type-C maximum security prison in Greece. The hypothesis is that the greater the degree of "security" (i.e., closed and judicial prisons being of a higher level of security compared with rural), the more likely the prisoners will be to exhibit aggression or poorer mental health. To test this hypothesis, a Multivariate Analysis of Covariance was used with prisoners’ age and imprisonment years as covariates. Prison type had a statistically significant effect on hostility and verbal aggression (with the highest levels recorded in the judicial prisons) and on depression (with lower levels in the rural prisons). In contrast, the effect of prison type on anger-physical aggression and anxiety was not significant. The results underline the importance of the prison environment and the needfor further strengthening of the rural prisons that will help minimize the physical and psychological risks for the inmates.
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Zawiślak, Michał. "THE LIMITATIONS OF RELIGIOUS PRACTICES IN POLISH PRISONS." Review of European and Comparative Law 30, no. 3 (September 15, 2017): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/recl.4263.
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The subject of this article is the issue of religious fredom of prisoner in the light of limitations of religious practices. The article presents legal and sociological status of religious assistance in contemporary Polish prisons. The aim of the paper is to analyze the prisoner’s situation based on selected case law. Religious practices seem to be important part of long process of resocialization of the prisoners, but still prison staff is not prepared to ensure the perform religious practices in right manner. It needs to be stressed that religious practices are subject to limitations in prisons. The article focus on typical problems arising from lack of detailed internal prison policy regulations.
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Gilmer, Brittany V. "Somali piracy prisoners and biopolitical penal aid in East Africa." Punishment & Society 19, no. 1 (August 1, 2016): 115–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1462474516654730.
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Piracy off the coast of Somalia has elicited a growing body of interdisciplinary research. Much of this research focuses on identifying the root causes of piracy, analyzing onshore and offshore responses, or evaluating various rule-of-law approaches; no study has yet to examine how Somali piracy has impacted prisons. Drawing upon ethnographic research, this article explores how UNODC counter piracy funding is reshaping the carceral spaces of East Africa. I examine how the need to secure and develop Somali piracy prisoners in regional prisons has created a bodies-for-aid penal market in East Africa. Large aid packages are awarded to prisons that agree to accept suspected Somali pirates and ensure the support, maintenance, and enhancement of the lives of Somali piracy prisoners. I theorize a new form of penal aid— biopolitical penal aid—linking prison development funding to the containment of specific prisoner populations. Using the Montagne Posée Prison in the Seychelles as a case study, I explore how biopolitical penal aid is reshaping prison spaces and practices to tease out underlying tensions between international and regional security projects, how these projects are negotiated and appropriated at different scales, and how they are being experienced by staff and Somali piracy prisoners.
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Badri, Mhd, Sumaidi Sumaidi, and Reza Iswanto. "Penegakan Hukum Tindak Pidana Penganiayaan Yang Dilakukan Narapidana Di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Perempuan Kelas II B Jambi." Wajah Hukum 7, no. 2 (November 1, 2023): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/wjh.v7i2.1301.
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Prisons are a place to develop prisoners so that when they leave the prison the prisoner will no longer commit a crime. However, in reality, in prisons there have also been criminal acts committed by the prisoners themselves, namely criminal acts of abuse between prisoners. The research method used in this research is using a legal sociology approach with an activity plan for 6 months and the scope of this research is criminal acts committed by prisoners in prison. The materials used in this research are primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. The place used in this research is the Class II B Jambi Correctional Institution. The data collection technique is in the form of interviews and the analysis technique is qualitative analysis. The results of the discussion of this research are that severe disciplinary penalties have not been strictly enforced against inmates who commit criminal acts of abuse and the obstacles are the small number of prison security officers, the lack of interest of prisoners in participating in coaching programs and the facilities and infrastructure which are still limited.
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Nabi, Mukhtyar, Saddam Hussain, and Muhammad Kamran. "OVERCROWDED PRISONS IN PAKISTAN: UNDERSTANDING THE CRITICAL ROLE OF PROBATION, PAROLE OFFICERS AND COURTS." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 03, no. 01 (March 31, 2021): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v3i01.185.
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Prison is a place for rehabilitation of offenders in every country of the world. The present study has tried to explore the present-day situation of the prison system of Pakistan and discuss its overcrowding condition in all four provinces. There are total 120 prisons in the country which hold authorized space for not more than 57,712 prisoners, but the number of inmates is 77,275, which is far away from the authorized space. This congested prison system not only creates hurdles in rehabilitation of prisoners but makes them more criminal by mixing of low and high frequency offenders. It also leads to various health and behavioral problems. Rehabilitation is only possible if there is balance in authorized and available prisoners in the prisons. The present article has come up with some viable suggestion for concerned authorities that can better perform their duty in eradication of this problem. The authors discussed the role of parole and probation officers in the elimination of these numbers in prison. The majority of the prisoners in our prisons are under-trail, thus the role of the judiciary has also been explored in balancing the incarceration ratio in prisons. Keywords: Prison System, Overcrowded Prisons, Parole and Probation, Judiciary, Courts, Pakistan
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Krystian Bedyński. "Prison governors of Rawicz and Wronki prisons." Archives of Criminology, no. XXXI (January 1, 2009): 345–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7420/ak2009m.
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The prison system being organised since August 1944, became a part of the Ministry of Public Security. Such a solution, dictated by political considerations, copied the Soviet model, which treated the prison guard as a part of the armed organ of the government. Identification of prison staff with the Ministry of Safety was expressed in the wording of official vows made by the guards which started: "I, a public safety officer". This unity was stressed for decades in prison staff politics, in employee certificates, and in the assessment of the implementation of tasks assigned to prison guards. The primary task put in words on the 4th of October 1944 by Boleslaw Bierut was "to render harmless those who oppose the program of PKWN [the communist Committee of National Liberation]." This directive and the subsequent resolutions and decisions of the party (PPR, PZPR) and ministries (MBP, MSW) requiring repressive treatment of political prisoners was noted in the subordinate units as a political and official license for brutality and sadism towards such prisoners. Since the beginning of the postwar system of prison system detention centres, prison and labor camps were places of repression and extermination of the citizens who were considered political opponents. Apart from the repressive measures the prison system also performed an oppressive function towards society, which was to serve the pacification pro-independence feelings. Since November 1944, the prisoners started to be classified into one of the following groups: common criminals, Volksdeutsches, persons cooperating with Germans, anti-state. Since February 1945, the term "anti-state prisoner" started to define an accused (convicted) associated with the AK and NSZ [anti-communist military organizations], war criminals and collaborators. Putting the former soldiers of the AK, NSZ, and BCH with the rest of prisoners stigmatised them, and was a part of an affliction and persecution. In practice, their status was lower (worse) than the status of other prisoners, particularly Germans. In the fifties, the rules for classification of the convicted changed twice, each time worsening the situation of political prisoners. Based on the principle of so-called unity of jurisdiction and performance required tougher sentences along with accordingly tougher prison treatment. Types of prisons corresponded to prisoners’ classification. In April 1945, eight major prisons were singled out, where the political prisoners were consigned after judgment. In January 1946, two large prison units were given the status of the central prisons, namely the facilities in Rawicz and Wronki. They retained the status of objects for political prisoners until 1956. The essential precondition for the problem and repressive and exterminative nature of these prisons was appointment of the positions of a chief, his deputy, and heads of special (operational) and political-educational departments.
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Rowe, Christopher L., Alan Hubbard, and Jennifer Ahern. "California’s Public Safety Realignment Act and prisoner mortality." PLOS ONE 18, no. 4 (April 28, 2023): e0284609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284609.
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In 2011, a historic Supreme Court decision mandated that the state of California substantially reduce its prison population to alleviate overcrowding, which was deemed so severe as to preclude the provision of adequate healthcare. To comply, California passed the Public Safety Realignment Act (Assembly Bill [AB] 109), representing the largest ever court-ordered reduction of a prison population in U.S. history. AB109 was successful in reducing the state prison population; however, although the policy was precipitated by inadequate healthcare in state prisons, no studies have examined its effects on prisoner health. As other states grapple with overcrowded prisons and look to California’s experience with this landmark policy, understanding how it may have impacted prisoner health is critical. We sought to evaluate the effects of AB109 on prison mortality and assess the extent to which policy-induced changes in the age distribution of prisoners may have contributed to these effects. To do so, we used prison mortality data from the Bureau of Justice Statistics and the California Deaths in Custody reporting program and prison population data from the National Corrections Reporting Program to examine changes in overall prison mortality, the age distribution of prisoners, and age-adjusted prison mortality in California relative to other states before and after the implementation of AB109. Following AB109, California prisons experienced an increase in overall mortality relative to other states that attenuated within three years. Over the same period, California experienced a greater upward shift in the age distribution of its prisoners relative to other states, suggesting that the state’s increase in overall mortality may have been driven by this change in age distribution. Indeed, when accounting for this differential change in age distribution, mortality among California prisoners exhibited a greater reduction relative to other states in the third year after implementation. As other states seek to reduce their prison populations to address overcrowding, assessments of California’s experience with AB109 should consider this potential improvement in age-adjusted mortality.
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Moloko, Hastings B., Davis H. Ng’ong’ola, and Henry Kamkwamba. "The Effect of Smaller Prisoner Numbers at a Prison on The Prisoners’ Access to Food: a Case of Malawi’s Prisons." Journal of Agricultural Studies 5, no. 4 (May 7, 2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v6i2.13098.
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While Malawi’s per capita cereal production may be higher than her per capita cereal consumption, Malawi is a net cereal importer and thus food insecure. The food situation is much worse in Malawi’s prisons because inmates generally eat one meal per day.The general objective of this study was to determine the effect of smaller prisoner numbers at a prison on the inmates’ access to food. This was done by comparing food insecurity in small prisons with that in big institutions. An institution housing less than 400 inmates was considered a small prison while one housing more than 400 prisoners was considered a big institution. Using structured questionnaires in face to face interviews, the study collected data from 1000 inmates and 30 officers-in-charge from all prisons in the country. The data was analysed using Stata 12 and employed the probit and the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) models as analytical tools.Results from the analysis showed that practically all inmates in Malawi’s prisons were food insecure. There was, however, a higher perception of food insecurity in big prisons than there was in small ones. Conditions of severe food insecurity were experienced more in big institutions than in small ones, and more inmates in big prisons depended on food brought to them from their homes. Food insecurity was more prevalent in big prisons than in small ones.
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Rzeźniczak, Angelika. "Suicides in Penitentiaries and Detention Centres." Teisė 116 (October 6, 2020): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/teise.2020.116.11.
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This article deals with the problem of suicides and self-inflicted injuries in prisons and detention centres. The main aim of the article is an attempt to determine the characteristics of a prisoner who performs self-destructive behavior. The second aim is to get to know better the problems of inmates committing suicides. Knowing these problems will help to find preventive solutions. The article describes the information collected during interviews with 18 people, including: prisoners (women and men), prison chaplains, directors of prisons, officers and employees of penitentiary units.
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Jatoi, Shabana kouser, and Muhammad Nouman Jatoi. "Critical Analysis of Prison Rules and Laws about Women Prisoners a Case Study of Hyderabad Women Prison." Global Legal Studies Review VI, no. III (September 30, 2021): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glsr.2021(vi-iii).05.
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The prisons are the part of criminal justice system, prisons are created to correct the offender and to prevent the crime. Time to time concept of prison had changed his faces. The prisons created to confine the offender and prevent crime in the society from the concept of deterrence to rehabilitation. The researcher tried to analyze the situation existing in prison system of Pakistan specifically focusing on the treatment with the women offenders and the existing laws dealing with women prisone and their implementation in the prisons. As the current report on legislation by Sindh province shows that the Sindh assembly had passed almost unprecedented number of bills especially “The Sindh Prison And Correction Service Act 2019” and Rules under it while changing the prison to the correctional institutions in Sindh The study focuses on the implementation of these new laws existing laws and the current scenario of women prisons.
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Mathiassen, Charlotte. "KVINDEFÆNGSEL – ET RELEVANT ALTERNATIV? EN DESKRIPTIVT BASERET FREMSTILLING." Psyke & Logos 36, no. 1 (December 22, 2015): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/pl.v36i1.22825.
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Compared to male prisoners, imprisoned women are a minority. 4-6 % of the entire prison population are women. Women primarily serve their sentences in four prisons together with men. Thereby, men and women in these prisons do not serve segregated. As no research based knowledge existed of female prisoners and their experiences ingender mixed facilities, the Danish correctional service ordered a scientific report on women prisoners’ everyday life in Danish prisons. None of the participating women had ever served time in a women’s prison and several of them were reluctant about the idea. The article analyses the different reasons for their reservations.
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Mathiassen, Charlotte. "KVINDER, KØN OG TILBLIVELSE – I FÆNGSLER." Psyke & Logos 36, no. 1 (December 22, 2015): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/pl.v36i1.22826.
Full textAbstract:
Compared to male prisoners, imprisoned women are a minority. 4-6 % of the entire prison population are women. Women primarily serve their sentences in four prisons together with men. Thereby, men and women in these prisons do not serve segregated. As no research based knowledge existed of female prisoners and their experiences ingender mixed facilities, the Danish correctional service ordered a scientific report on women prisoners’ everyday life in Danish prisons. None of the participating women had ever served time in a women’s prison and several of them were reluctant about the idea. The article analyses the different reasons for their reservations.
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Crittenden, Courtney A., Barbara A. Koons-Witt, and Robert J. Kaminski. "Being Assigned Work in Prison: Do Gender and Race Matter?" Feminist Criminology 13, no. 4 (September 14, 2016): 359–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557085116668990.
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With a majority of inmates being assigned some type of work while incarcerated, work assignments are a staple of U.S. prisons. These work assignments are likely to impact not only prisoner behavior while in prison, but also may impact their ability to obtain gainful employment after prison. Historically, it has been noted that work in prison has been influenced by gender and racial norms and stereotypes. These stereotypical assignments may not be beneficial for inmates, especially in a time when work assignments are increasingly providing the only work skills inmates may receive while incarcerated. Using a nationwide data set of prisoners incarcerated facilities, the current study uses multilevel modeling to examine the nature of work assignments for male and female state prisoners and whether these assignments are based on gender and/or racial stereotypes. Results indicate that there are indeed lingering stereotypes influencing work assignments for men and women in U.S. prisons.
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COBB, ALONZO. "Home Truths about Prison Overcrowding." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 478, no. 1 (March 1985): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716285478001007.
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The majority of prisoners the author has spoken with are not very concerned about prison overcrowding; they are concerned only with benefiting their own immediate conditions. They only talk about overcrowding and leave a minority of inmates to file the petitions and writs to get rid of overcrowded conditions. In this article, the physical conditions of overcrowded prisons are detailed and strategies are outlined whereby litigious prisoners may protect their own possessions vis-à-vis the prison authorities. For their part, some prison administrators prefer the status quo and are not too keen about inmates meddling in internal affairs. The federal courts in Georgia have mandated that overcrowded prisons come up to minimum standards. Such court action motivates prisoners to work for more humane prisons.
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Jain, K. S. Rekh Raj. "Effective and Humane Restoration of Prisoners With Special Reference to India." Journal of Victimology and Victim Justice 3, no. 1 (April 2020): 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2516606920904296.
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The tail-end of the criminal justice system is the prison. In the era of mass incarceration a question arises how can a prisoner be restored to live a successful life after incarceration? The architecture of restoration of prisoners to begin the movement the prisoner placed under the authority of prison officials. Restoration is not a soft option, as many prisoners find it extremely difficult to face up to the impact of their crimes. The entire prison environment and the stakeholders of the prison department shall be involved in the restorative process. Restoration is the shift from retribution and vengeance to a more human approach. Hence restorative processes shall focus on physical, behavioral, emotional and restoration of dignity. The transition from prison to re-integration into the society after being incarcerated for number of years is the most difficult task for the prisoner. Therefore perseverance of restoration in prisons shall be a continuous process which would be a great investment to everyone. Research and studies across the world reveals that the scale of victimization among the prisons is very high and at time most devasting and India is not an exception. Adoption of restorative restoration approaches and practices in prison setting will not only successfully navigate reentry both into the family and society but also a realistic future and an effectiveness and positive impact outside the prison world. If prison officials want to reduce recidivism it is vital that they ensure effective and humane restoration of prisoners. This paper takes the stock of the current context and aims to bring greater clarity pertinent to the thematic area of concerns regarding effective and humane restoration of prisoners with special reference to India.
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Blair, Alexandra, Abtin Parnia, and Arjumand Siddiqi. "A time-series analysis of testing and COVID-19 outbreaks in Canadian federal prisons to inform prevention and surveillance efforts." Canada Communicable Disease Report 47, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v47i01a10.
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Background: Approximately 14,000 adults are currently incarcerated in federal prisons in Canada. These facilities are vulnerable to disease outbreaks and an assessment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) testing and outcomes is needed. The objective of this study was to examine outcomes of COVID-19 testing, prevalence, case recovery and death within federal prisons and to contrast these data with those of the general population. Methods: Public time-series outcome data for prisoners and the general population were obtained on-line from the Correctional Service of Canada and the Public Health Agency of Canada, respectively, from March 30 to May 27, 2020. Prison, province and sex-specific frequency statistics for each outcome were calculated. A total of 50 facilities were included in this study. Results: Of these 50 facilities, 64% reported fewer individuals tested per 1,000 population than observed in the general population and 12% reported zero tests in the study period. Testing tended to be reactive, increasing only once prisons had recorded positive tests. Six prisons reported viral outbreaks, with three recording over 20% cumulative COVID-19 prevalence among prisoners. Cumulatively, in prisons, 29% of individuals tested received a positive result, compared to 6% in the general population. Two of the 360 cases died (0.6% fatality). Four outbreaks appeared to be under control (more than 80% of cases recovered); however, sizeable susceptible populations remain at risk of infection. Female prisoners (5% of the total prisoner population) were over-represented among cases (17% of cases overall). Conclusion: Findings suggest that prison environments are vulnerable to widespread severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission. Gaps in testing merit public health attention. Symptom-based testing alone may not be optimal in prisons, given observations of widespread transmission. Increased sentinel or universal testing may be appropriate. Increased testing, along with rigorous infection prevention practices and the potential release of prisoners, will be needed to curb future outbreaks.
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Simpson, Paul Leslie, Jill Guthrie, and Tony Butler. "Prison health service directors’ views on research priorities and organizational issues in conducting research in prison: outcomes of a national deliberative roundtable." International Journal of Prisoner Health 13, no. 2 (June 12, 2017): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-12-2016-0070.
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Purpose Given that prisoners have significant health needs across most areas, the paucity of prisoner health research, and the difficulties involved in the conduct of research in this setting, there is a need to develop research priorities that align with key stakeholder groups. One such group are those responsible for health service provision in prisons – prison health service directors. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Prison health service directors in each Australian state and territory were invited to participate in a national (deliberative) roundtable where the consensus building nominal group technique was utilized. This involved the identification of research priorities and organizational issues in conducting research with prisoners, and ranking research priorities. A thematic analysis was conducted on organizational issues. Findings In total, 13 participants attended the roundtable. Participants identified 28 research priorities and 12 organizational issues. Top ranked research priorities were mental health, cognitive and intellectual disability, post-release health maintenance, ageing prisoners, chronic health conditions and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health. Themes identified from the organizational issues included prisoner access to research participation, health and research literacy of custodial staff, and institutional protectionism in response to research that may discover negative information about the custodial setting. Research limitations/implications These findings should inform future efforts to improve research infrastructures to undertake research to improve the health of people in Australian prisons, and help to align researchers’ efforts with those of a key organizational stakeholder. Originality/value This is the first paper to determine the research priorities and organizational issues in conducting research in prisons of prison health service directors.
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Lewis, Alexandra, Robert Pritchett, Clare Hughes, and Kim Turner. "Development and implementation of autism standards for prisons." Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour 6, no. 2 (June 9, 2015): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jidob-05-2015-0013.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the experience of a southern English young offenders institution in developing and implementing standards to improve awareness and care of prisoners with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD). Design/methodology/approach – Some contextual factors driving the project are discussed, the multi-agency process involved in the development and implementation of the standards is described and recommendations are made regarding implementation of the standards in other settings. Findings – It is expected that successful implementation of the standards will reduce the level of distress and difficulty experienced by people with ASD who find themselves in custody, it will also improve the prison’s ability to meet the needs of prisoners with ASD and thereby improve rehabilitation and reduce any adverse impact on everyday operational processes. Demonstrating success in meeting the standards will enable the prison to achieve accreditation by the National Autistic Society. In March 2015 the prisons minister encouraged all prisons to follow this approach and this will have practice and resource implications. Originality/value – This paper describes a clear framework which prisons can use to work systematically towards achieving good practice in addressing the needs of prisoners with ASD. It will enable prisons to meet the duties imposed on them by the Autism Act, 2009 and the Equalities Act, 2010.
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Cheruto, Ngeiywa Eddah, Edward Masinde Neyole, and Ruth Simiyu. "Impact of Fire Disaster Risk Preparedness in Prisons Departments in Central Kenya." European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (January 21, 2022): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejsocial.2022.2.1.186.
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Across the world, prisons have suffered severe damage as a result of natural and man-made disasters including fires and deaths of inmates inside the prisons. The worst and most threatening disasters in prisons are the fire that may eventually lead to either deaths or prisoners escaping. Following the prevailing circumstances in the Kenyan prisons over a period of between 2010-2015, the current study sought to evaluate the impact fire disaster preparedness in prisons in Central Kenya. Specifically, the study examine magnitude of fire disaster risks in prisons in Central Kenya. The study employed a descriptive research design. Simple random sampling was used in the selection of prisons officers since the population was largely heterogeneous. Simple random sampling was then used to select prisons officers at the management level. The study targeted a population of 234 respondents who at the management level. Prison officer in charge, National Disaster Operation centre representative and inmate leaders were used as key informants. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and interview guides. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics while qualitative data were analysed using content analysis and thematic analysis. The research findings were presented in tables and figures. The study result show that Kenyan Prisons face significant fire disaster risks as noted by 90% of the respondents. Infrastructure to prevent fire incidents was only at 32%; only 21% felt that there were escape routes in prisons, which made it difficult for prisoners to escape during fire disasters. High walls were a deterrence for prisoners to escape as well (56%). The study concluded that the prisons lacked fire safety management protocols; the infrastructure from the surveyed prisons were not fire safety compliant. It is recommended that the Kenya Prison Service should endeavour to enhance prison fire safety by investing in installing and designing effective infrastructure.
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Hidayati, Nur Oktavia, Suryani Suryani, Laili Rahayuwati, and Nur Setiawati Dewi. "Scoping Review of Mental Health Problems among Female Prisoners." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, T6 (November 15, 2021): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.7322.
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BACKGROUND: Detention can cause problems and stressors for prisoners, one of which is mental health problems. Female prisoners have a high rate of mental health needs in prisons. Awareness and the ability to recognize prisoners’ health problems are important. Therefore, the mental welfare of female prisoners is the responsibility of each prison. AIM: This review aimed to identify mental health problems among female prisoners. METHODS: The method used was a scoping review. A systematic searched of the literature between 2000 and August 2021 on several databases and search engines, namely, PubMed, CINAHL, SAGE Journals, and Google Scholar using keywords in English, namely, mental health, female prisoners, and prison. RESULTS: Of the 112 articles found, nine were eligible for inclusion. It was found that the mental health problems of female prisoners were anxiety, depression, substance abuse, stress, loss and grief, trauma, and suicide attempts that put them at risk of psychological distress. There was still limited study on female prisoners, especially to explore mental health problems in prison, and there were few studies discussing adjustment to female prisoners in prison, as well as mental health services which are still rarely carried out in prisons. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings, it is recommended for future research to focus more on how female prisoners can access mental health services in prisons to overcome their mental health problems, conduct a deeper exploration of the extent to which mental health services in prisons have been carried out so far.
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Hearty, Philippa, Emma Wincup, and Nat M. J. Wright. "The potential of prisons to support drug recovery." Drugs and Alcohol Today 16, no. 1 (March 7, 2016): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dat-08-2015-0041.
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Purpose – Recovery is the predominant discourse within current UK drug policy, promoted as freedom from dependence. In support of such a policy driver, prison drug recovery wings have been piloted in ten prisons in England and Wales to address high drug prevalence rates in prisoner populations. The purpose of this paper is to explore the development of these specialist wings within the context of wider developments to tackle reoffending among drug-using prisoners. Design/methodology/approach – The first part of the paper offers an analysis of the emergence of the recovery paradigm in the prison context through analysis of official policy documents. The second draws predominantly upon two process evaluations of the drug recovery wings, alongside literature on prison drug treatment. Findings – There is limited empirical evidence to inform the debate about whether prisons can provide settings to facilitate recovery from the effects of illicit drug use. What is available suggests that effective therapeutic environments for recovering drug users could be established within prisons. Key components for these appear to be sufficient numbers of staff who are competent and confident in providing a dual role of support and discipline, and a common purpose of all prisoners committing to recovery from illicit drugs and supporting each other. Further research regarding the impact of drug recovery wings upon health, crime and wider social outcomes is needed. Originality/value – This paper provides an updated perspective on the development of drug treatment in prisons, with a particular focus on the implications of the new recovery paradigm.
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Muzavazi, Christopher. "Violence at work in prison establishments: a preliminary study." Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 2, no. 4 (December 5, 2016): 250–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-10-2015-0050.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a preliminary study exploring the perception of prison officers in England and Wales regarding violence in their workplace. Design/methodology/approach Data were gathered through questionnaires administered to 152 of Her Majesty’s Prison establishments throughout England and Wales, ranging from high secure to open prisons where officers are affiliated to the Prison Officers Association. In total, 45 officers responded, seven from women’s prisons and the remainder from male adult and youth prisons. In addition, descriptive data from the Ministry of Justice statistical data set on incidents of violence are incorporated where possible. Findings Results indicated that violence, both prisoner on staff and prisoner-to-prisoner, is a major concern among prison officers, across all prison categories. The prison officers who took part considered there to be an absence of what they perceived to be serious measures to prevent and manage violence. Officers view the prison disciplinary system as ineffective, with reluctance for external charges to be considered against prisoners committing acts of violence within the prison. Research limitations/implications The research is limited by a lack of external measures being obtained (e.g. observation of aggressive incidents) and the fact that the participants were self-selecting, with only a small proportion of respondents. However, it suggests a need for more detailed research into prison violence, one that integrates the views of prison staff as well as prisoners, with the former lacking in the research base to date. It also indicates a need for more focussed action from management, staff representatives and reform lobbies to explore collectively how to prevent violence in prison. Only by adopting a multidisciplinary and multifaceted approach can a comprehensive attempt at management be achieved. Practical implications Prison violence has a negative impact on correctional settings and their mission to provide a safe working environment for staff and safe environment for prisoners. Consequently, a focussed management approach on the problem is required, one that captures the view of a range of staff and prisoners. Prisoner’s violent conduct, whether assault on staff or peers, constitutes further criminal conduct. This has to be addressed through formal processes such as prison reports, police charges and potential prosecution. The latter has been under-applied. Determining the barriers to pursuing police charges and possible prosecution would be valuable to pursue. Violence against staff needs to be more thoroughly understood and not considered solely as an occupational hazard, but as a means of safe-guarding both staff and prisoners. Originality/value This study is the first that has sought to incorporate prison workforce perception on the problem of escalating levels of prison violence, using a sample from a wide set of prison environments.
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Earle, Rod, and Coretta Phillips. "Digesting men? Ethnicity, gender and food: Perspectives from a ‘prison ethnography’." Theoretical Criminology 16, no. 2 (May 2012): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362480612441121.
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Drawing from an ethnographic study of men’s social relations in an English prison, this article explores the potential of attending closely to men’s practice for the light it may shed on the boundaries of punishment. Interviews with prisoners and fieldwork experiences reveal something of the way prison acts on an ethnically diverse group of men. Focusing on the way men use cooking facilities on the prison’s wings, the article explores the way men make food for themselves and each other and thereby occupy prison space with unconventional (and conventional) gender practice. Using intersectional perspectives the article shows how practices of racialization, racism, conviviality and coercion are woven into the fabric of prison life. These quotidian experiences are juxtaposed against the question of how prisons and prisoner populations represent a spectrum of violence in which gender dynamics remain under-examined. By providing glimpses of men’s lives in an English prison to reveal aspects of the ways masculinities and ethnicities interact to shape a penal regime the authors offer some resources for, and perspective on, the theorization of punishment’s boundaries.
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Biles, David, and Vicki Dalton. "Deaths in Private and Public Prisons in Australia: A Comparative Analysis." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 34, no. 3 (December 2001): 293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486580103400306.
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Public opinion in Australia has been divided on the question of whether private prisons are welcome and one of the issues in dispute has been the question of whether or not private prisons are associated with proportionately more or fewer deaths of prisoners, particularly suicides, than public prisons. The available evidence is examined, and when the number of deaths, or suicides, per 1000 prisoner years served for all private and public prisons are calculated it is found that the rate for all deaths is significantly lower in private prisons at the 0.05 level of confidence. However, the difference in the suicide rates is not statistically significant.The lower overall death rate is particularly surprising as private prisons in Australia hold proportionately more unconvicted remandees,who are at higher risk, than public prisons. A close examination of the data for three relatively new remand and reception prisons, two private and one public, shows that all have much higher rates for both all deaths and for suicides than the national averages. This is an updated and expanded version of a paper by the same authors published by the Australian Institute of Criminology in June 1999. That paper was admitted into evidence at a coronial inquiry that was held into five deaths that occurred in the Port Phillip Prison in Victoria. Address for correspondence: D. Biles, 25 Kidston Cres, Curtin ACT 2605, Australia.
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Hacin, Rok, and Gorazd Meško. "Prisoners’ Perception of Legitimacy of the Prison Staff: A Qualitative Study in Slovene Prisons." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 13 (February 24, 2018): 4332–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x18758896.
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The purpose of this article is to explore prisoners’ perception of legitimacy of prison staff and examine the compliance of prisoners with the authority of prison staff to highlight the differences between instrumental and normative compliance of prisoners. This study draws on data collected from a random sample of 193 prisoners in all Slovene prisons. Using a qualitative approach based on structured interviews, our findings suggest that distributive justice, procedural justice, the quality of relations with prison staff, and the effectiveness of prison staff influence prisoners’ perception of legitimacy in a prison environment. Several prisoners comply with prison rules because they fear sanctions, which indicates their instrumental compliance, while normative compliance was reported by prisoners who perceived the legitimacy of prison staff in a more positive manner. Overall findings indicate that both instrumental and normative compliance of prisoners can be observed in Slovene prisons.
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Sim, Joe. "Aching desolation: Liverpool prison and the regressive limits of penal reform in England and Wales." Critical and Radical Social Work 7, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/204986019x15491042559709.
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This article explores the current penal crisis through a case study of Liverpool prison, and the appalling nature of the prison's regime, as documented in January 2018 by HM Inspectorate of Prisons. The dehumanising nature of the regime was not unique as a number of other prisons inspected during 2018 were also shown to be seriously detrimental to the health and safety of prisoners. The article also explores the problematic nature of the state's response to the crisis and the limitations of that response. This raises a number of theoretical and political questions about the abject failure over two centuries of liberal reform. In turn, this failure raises questions about the future, beginning with recognising that the prison should be understood as an institution of the neoliberal state, which is oriented towards criminalising and controlling those on the economic and political margins of a deeply divided, fractured social order.
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Kuznetsova, Yulia Vladimirovna. "General-criminal prisons of the Russian Empire in the XIX century (on the example of the Orenburg province)." Samara Journal of Science 8, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201981206.
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The paper attempts to provide, on the basis of archival and published materials, a brief description of the state of general prisons in the Russian Empire in the 19th century on the example of the Orenburg province. In the first half of the XIX century, many prison buildings were in a dilapidated state, most of them were wooden. The prisoners suffered from overcrowding, they were not separated by sex and age, the sick were kept together with the healthy ones, they were hungry, they lived in begging. Very often the premises for prisons were private rental houses. There were no medical personnel in prisons, there were epidemics that led to a huge increase in mortality. As for the work, in the first half of the XIX century in prison locks and guards it was introduced in the rarest cases, since there were no special rooms for this. In the post-reform period, many prison premises were repaired, premises began to be rented for hospitals, the prisoners diet improved in the 1980s. The payment for arrest labor was introduced, the educational activity in prisons improved. Despite the measures taken by the government, the state of ordinary prisons in the southern Urals throughout the XIX century was still deplorable due to the fact that there was not enough money, or the local administration was not interested in improving the situation of the prisoners and the state of the prisons themselves.
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Phillips, Coretta. "‘It ain’t nothing like America with the Bloods and the Crips’: Gang narratives inside two English prisons." Punishment & Society 14, no. 1 (January 2012): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1462474511424683.
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This article explores recent concerns about the emergence of gangs in prisons in England and Wales. Using narrative interviews with male prisoners as part of an ethnographic study of ethnicity and social relations, the social meaning of ‘the gang’ inside prison is interrogated. A formally organized gang presence was categorically denied by prisoners. However, the term ‘gang’ was sometimes elided with loose collectives of prisoners who find mutual support in prison based on a neighbourhood territorial identification. Gangs were also discussed as racialized groups, most often symbolized in the motif of the ‘Muslim gang’. This racializing discourse hinted at an envy of prisoner solidarity and cohesion which upsets the idea of a universal prisoner identity. The broader conceptual, empirical and political implications of these findings are considered.
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Tadesse, Edosa, Emiru Merdassa, Eba Abdisa, and Tadesse Tolossa. "Magnitude and associated factors of depression among prisoners in Wollega zones, Oromia region, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (March 31, 2022): e0260920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260920.
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Background Mental health is for everybody, but the individuals in prisons require more focus. Depression is a contributor to the global burden of disease and affects people in prisons in particular. There were limited studies on depression among prisoners. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the magnitude of depression and factors associated with it among prisoners in Wollega Zones Prisons, western Ethiopia. Methods Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected 368 prisoners from June 1, 2019, up to August 1, 2019, in Wollega zones prisons. Data were collected by trained data collectors through interviewer-administered questionnaires. Data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Bivariable and Multivariable logistic regression model was computed to identify factors associated with depressive symptoms. In the final model, the strength of the association between independent variables and depression was measured using the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with the corresponding 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Then, in the final model, variables having a p-value of less than 0.05 were considered factors significantly associated with depression. Results Of the total study respondents, 166/368 (45.1%) had symptoms of depression. Lack of job opportunity in prison (AOR = 6.64, 95%CI: 3.65, 12.06), not attending religious place at all (AOR = 3.51, 95%CI: 1.30,10.00), and Unsentenced for suspected crime (AOR = 7.36, 95%CI: 2.08, 26.04) were associated with depression. Conclusion and recommendation This finding showed that the magnitude of depression in prisons was high. Prisoners in the young age group, attending religious places, being married, prisoners who were sentenced for suspected crime on timely and prisoners performing work in prison were less likely to have depression. The prison institution needs to facilitate income-generating activities in prison, promoting prisoners to attend their religious places and promoting timely sentencing.
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Balfour, Gillian. "Searching prison cells and prisoner bodies: Redacting carceral power and glimpsing gendered resistance in women’s prisons." Criminology & Criminal Justice 18, no. 2 (April 28, 2017): 139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895817706719.
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In this article, I explore the routinized practices of prisoner discipline: searching bodies and cells in four Canadian federal women’s prisons. Through an analysis of post-search reports as well as reported incidents of use of force, I discuss three key findings: searching and confiscation patterns across institutions are not dictated by size of the inmate population or security level of the institution; the redaction of information by prison authorities is an increasing and pervasive tactic of penal governance legitimated through an inter-legality of privacy and security; and that the searching of prisoner bodies and cells suggests a highly discretionary use of searching authority across women’s federal prisons that produces a gendered organizational logic. The text of the reports implies how women prisoners continue to be censured for their errant behaviour through the confiscation of personal items deemed to be unauthorized. These data also illustrate the ways in which women prisoners seek to achieve agency and self-determination within limited means.
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Bansal, Vikram, G. M. Sogi, K. L. Veeresha, Adarsh Kumar, and Shelly Bansal. "Dentition status and treatment needs of prisoners of Haryana state, India." International Journal of Prisoner Health 8, no. 1 (September 21, 2012): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17449201211268264.
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PurposeThis paper aims to explore prisoner dental health in Haryana, India.Design/methodology/approachThe authors assessed the prevalence of dental caries and the treatment needs of prisoners in all 19 prisons in Haryana. The results were compared with the prison populations of other countries and the general population of Haryana.FindingsThe mean age of 1,393 subjects examined was 35.26±12.29 years. A large number of the subjects reported to be in need of dental treatment. The number of decayed teeth was found to be similar to the general population of Haryana but the number of filled teeth was quite low. The number of teeth missing and the need for tooth extraction was high.Social implicationsLong‐standing prisoner dental problems indicated a need for dental treatment in prisons.Originality/valueThis is the first study of its kind covering all 19 prisons in Haryana, India. The results indicate that the government needs to further consider and address the oral health needs of prisoners.
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Peixoto, C., D. Rego, M. Cruz, B. Peixoto, M. Bicho, J. Coelho, and H. Medeiros. "Challenges of ageing in prisons and forensic psychiatric settings." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S606—S607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1554.
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Introduction There is a current trend towards an increase in the number of elderly prisoners due to the increase in life expectancy and the change in the attitude of society and the judicial system. The cut-off for “older offender” is defined from the age of 50, due to the lifestyle previous to prision and premature ageing. Objectives The authors intend to understand the challenges of aging in prison and forensic services, highlighting the psychiatric comorbidities of inmates and how these services can adapt to the needs of this population. Methods Non-systematic review of the literature. Results Studies of elderly in prisons and elderly forensic psychiatric patients are limited. Prisoners have increased physical and psychiatric morbidity and early mortality as they are more exposed to risk factors and more likely to have at least one health problem compared to older adults in the community. Compared to older people in the community, older prisoners are at higher risk for most psychiatric disorders including depression, psychosis, bipolar disorder, cognitive impairment, personality disorder and anxiety. Suicide rates are also higher among elderly prisoners. The inadequacy of the prison system to respond to the unique needs of elderly prisoners has a detrimental impact on their overall experience of incarceration. The development of specific services for elderly prisoners or the adaptation of mixed units for the elderly population is proposed. Conclusions The elderly population in prisons is growing and has higher risk of psychiatric pathology compared to community elders. Prison services with difficulties in identifying and meeting these needs. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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SUTTON, A. J., N. J. GAY, W. J. EDMUNDS, and O. N. GILL. "Modelling alternative strategies for delivering hepatitis B vaccine in prisons: the impact on the vaccination coverage of the injecting drug user population." Epidemiology and Infection 136, no. 12 (March 17, 2008): 1644–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268808000502.
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SUMMARYSince 2001 hepatitis B vaccination has been offered to prisoners on reception into prisons in England and Wales. However, short campaigns of vaccinating the entire population of individual prisons have achieved high vaccination coverage for limited periods, suggesting that short campaigns may be a preferable way of vaccinating prisoners. A model is used that describes the flow of prisoners through prisons stratified by injecting status to compare a range of vaccination scenarios that describe vaccination on prison reception or via regular short campaigns. Model results suggest that vaccinating on prison reception can capture a greater proportion of the injecting drug user (IDU) population than the comparable campaign scenarios (63% vs. 55·6% respectively). Vaccination on prison reception is also more efficient at capturing IDUs for vaccination than vaccination via a campaign, although vaccination via campaigns may have a role with some infections for overall control.
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Codd, Helen. "Prisons, Older People, and Age-Friendly Cities and Communities: Towards an Inclusive Approach." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (December 9, 2020): 9200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249200.
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This original and ground-breaking interdisciplinary article brings together perspectives from gerontology, criminology, penology, and social policy to explore critically the nature and consequences of the lack of visibility of prisons, prisoners, and ex-prisoners within global research, policy and practice on age-friendly cities and communities (AFCC), at a time when increasing numbers of people are ageing in prison settings in many countries. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to pose challenges in the contexts both of older peoples’ lives, wellbeing, and health, and also within prison settings, and thus it is timely to reflect on the links between older people, prisons, and cities, at a time of ongoing change. Just as there is an extensive body of ongoing research exploring age-friendly cities and communities, there is extensive published research on older people’s experiences of imprisonment, and a growing body of research on ageing in the prison setting. However, these two research and policy fields have evolved largely independently and separately, leading to a lack of visibility of prisons and prisoners within AFCC research and policy and, similarly, the omission of consideration of the relevance of AFCC research and policy to older prisoners and ex-prisoners. Existing checklists and tools for assessing and measuring the age-friendliness of cities and communities may be of limited relevance in the context of prisons and prisoners. This article identifies the potential for integration and for cross-disciplinary research in this context, concluding with recommendations for developing inclusive research, policies, and evaluation frameworks which recognise and include prisons and older prisoners, both during and after incarceration.
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Kondás, Katalin. "The Development of Personal Identification in Prisons." Hadmérnök 16, no. 4 (2021): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32567/hm.2021.4.1.
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I build my publication upon 12 years of experience that I have spent in the IT field at the prison service since 2007. During this period, I continuously analysed the possibility of identifying prisoners by their biometric characteristics and I am currently conducting research on the same subject. Summary documentation on prisoner identification is currently not available. My article provides a comprehensive picture of the identification systems used in Hungarian prisons and their development, and at the same time outlines the future of personal identification.