Relevant bibliographies by topics / Prisons Victoria

Academic literature on the topic 'Prisons Victoria'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Prisons Victoria"

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O’Neill, Deirdre, Valarie Sands, and Graeme Hodge. "P3s and Social Infrastructure: Three Decades of Prison Reform in Victoria, Australia." Public Works Management & Policy 25, no. 3 (January 15, 2020): 214–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087724x19899103.

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Once regarded as core public sector business, Australia’s prisons were reformed during the 1990s and Australia now has the highest proportion of prisoners in privately managed prisons in the world. How could this have happened? This article presents a case study of the State of Victoria and explains how public–private partnerships (P3s) were used to create a mixed public–private prison system. Despite the difficulty of determining clear and rigorous evaluation results, we argue that lessons from the Victorian experience are possible. First, neither the extreme fears of policy critics nor the grandiose policy and technical promises of reformers were fully met. Second, short-term success was achieved in political and policy terms by the delivery of badly needed new prisons. Third, the exact degree to which the state has achieved cheaper, better, and more accountable prison services remains contested. As a consequence, there is a need to continue experimentation but with greater transparency.
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Sands, Valarie. "Prisons in Victoria." Alternative Law Journal 29, no. 1 (February 2004): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x0402900103.

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Biles, David, and Vicki Dalton. "Deaths in Private and Public Prisons in Australia: A Comparative Analysis." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 34, no. 3 (December 2001): 293–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486580103400306.

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Public opinion in Australia has been divided on the question of whether private prisons are welcome and one of the issues in dispute has been the question of whether or not private prisons are associated with proportionately more or fewer deaths of prisoners, particularly suicides, than public prisons. The available evidence is examined, and when the number of deaths, or suicides, per 1000 prisoner years served for all private and public prisons are calculated it is found that the rate for all deaths is significantly lower in private prisons at the 0.05 level of confidence. However, the difference in the suicide rates is not statistically significant.The lower overall death rate is particularly surprising as private prisons in Australia hold proportionately more unconvicted remandees,who are at higher risk, than public prisons. A close examination of the data for three relatively new remand and reception prisons, two private and one public, shows that all have much higher rates for both all deaths and for suicides than the national averages. This is an updated and expanded version of a paper by the same authors published by the Australian Institute of Criminology in June 1999. That paper was admitted into evidence at a coronial inquiry that was held into five deaths that occurred in the Port Phillip Prison in Victoria. Address for correspondence: D. Biles, 25 Kidston Cres, Curtin ACT 2605, Australia.
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Moyo, Nompilo, Ee Tay, and Justin Denholm. "‘Know Your Epidemic’: Are Prisons a Potential Barrier to TB Elimination in an Australian Context?" Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 3, no. 3 (August 31, 2018): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed3030093.

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Globally, rates of tuberculosis (TB) cases in prisons are substantially higher than in the general population. The goal of this study was to review TB notifications in Victorian correctional facilities, and consider whether additional interventions towards TB elimination may be useful in this setting. All patients who were notified with or treated for TB in the Australian state of Victoria from 1 January 2003 to 1 December 2017 were included in this study. Descriptive analysis was performed. Demographic and treatment outcome data for individuals with and without a history of incarceration were reviewed and compared. Of the 5645 TB cases notified during the study period, 26 (0.5%) had a history of being incarcerated in correctional facilities while receiving treatment for TB. There were 73,238 inmates in Victorian correctional facilities over the same study period, meaning that approximately 0.04% of inmates were diagnosed or treated with TB disease in correctional facilities. Incarcerated individuals were more likely to have positive sputum smears and cavitation compared with nonincarcerated people with TB. There was no significant difference in treatment outcomes between the general TB population and those who had a history of incarceration during their treatment. There is a low apparent rate of TB in Victorian prisoners, and prisons do not contribute significantly to TB incidence in Victoria. Overall, TB outcomes do not differ between prisoners and nonprisoners. Ongoing efforts to sustain these lower rates and comparable outcomes in this vulnerable cohort are important for continued progress towards TB elimination.
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Bartlett, Tess S., and Christopher J. Trotter. "Did We Forget Something? Fathering Supports and Programs in Prisons in Victoria, Australia." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 63, no. 8 (February 6, 2019): 1465–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x19828575.

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This article draws from data gathered for an Australian Research Council–funded study conducted in Victoria and New South Wales between 2011 and 2015, which examined how dependent children are responded to when their primary carer is imprisoned. In particular, this article specifically addresses a gap in knowledge by examining the current state of fathering programs in prison in Victoria. To do so, the views of 39 primary carer fathers incarcerated in Victoria are analysed. We argue that there is a distinct lack of support for fathers in prison, acting as a barrier towards maintaining father–child relationships. Findings indicate that 79% of the fathers in this study were never offered any parenting support services or programs. By clearly highlighting the state of fathering programs in prisons in Victoria, this article offers suggestions as to how best to facilitate the connection between incarcerated fathers and their children.
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Young, Jesse T., Cheneal Puljević, Alexander D. Love, Emilia K. Janca, Catherine J. Segan, Donita Baird, Rachel Whiffen, Stan Pappos, Emma Bell, and Stuart A. Kinner. "Staying Quit After Release (SQuARe) trial protocol: a randomised controlled trial of a multicomponent intervention to maintain smoking abstinence after release from smoke-free prisons in Victoria, Australia." BMJ Open 9, no. 6 (June 2019): e027307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027307.

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IntroductionSmoke-free policies have been introduced in prisons internationally. However, high rates of relapse to smoking after release from prison indicate that these policies typically result in short-term smoking cessation only. These high rates of relapse, combined with a lack of investment in relapse prevention, highlight a missed opportunity to improve the health of a population who smoke tobacco at two to six times the rate of the general population. This paper describes the rationale and design of a randomised controlled trial, testing the effectiveness of a caseworker-delivered intervention promoting smoking cessation among former smokers released from smoke-free prisons in Victoria, Australia.Methods and analysisThe multicomponent, brief intervention consists of behavioural counselling, provision of nicotine spray and referral to Quitline and primary care to promote use of government-subsidised smoking cessation pharmacotherapy. The intervention is embedded in routine service delivery and is administered at three time points: one prerelease and two postrelease from prison. Control group participants will receive usual care. Smoking abstinence will be assessed at 1 and 3 months postrelease, and confirmed with carbon monoxide breath testing. Linkage of participant records to survey and routinely collected administrative data will provide further information on postrelease use of health services and prescribed medication.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the Corrections Victoria Research Committee, the Victorian Department of Justice Human Research Ethics Committee, the Department of Human Services External Request Evaluation Committee and the University of Melbourne Human Research Ethics Committee. Results will be submitted to major international health-focused journals. In case of success, findings will assist policymakers to implement urgently needed interventions promoting the maintenance of prison-initiated smoking abstinence after release, to reduce the health disparities experienced by this marginalised population.Trial registration numberACTRN12618000072213; Pre-results.
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Farrell, Ann. "Policies for Incarcerated Mothers and their Families in Australian Corrections." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 31, no. 2 (August 1998): 101–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486589803100201.

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The incarceration of a mother usually brings considerable dislocation to the offending woman's children and family. This paper examines current policies for the inmate mother, for her children and for the caregiver(s) of her children on the outside and argues for reform with respect to these policies. To this end, it reports on the Australian component of a comparative policy study, Incarcerated Mothers and Children: Impact of Prison Environments (IMCIPE), which investigated the impact of the prison environment on incarcerated mothers and their young children (including both mothers whose children live with them in custody and mothers who are separated from their children), in Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and England. The paper draws on data from policy analyses; interviews with policy-makers, with inmate mothers, and with custodial and non-custodial staff; and observations within six women's prisons and their respective correctional authorities in the three Australian states. The study found that while inmate mothers need support from “significant others” within and outside the prison to cope with the dual roles of prisoner and mother, the custodial environment with its philosophy of incarceration, its mode of containment and the prison rules and regulations runs counter to such needs.
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Graham, Annette. "Post-prison Mortality: Unnatural Death Among People Released from Victorian Prisons Between January 1990 and December 1999." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 36, no. 1 (April 2003): 94–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/acri.36.1.94.

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The extent and nature of unnatural death among people who were released from Victorian prisons between January 1990 and December 1999 were examined. A total of 820 men and women released during that period were identified as having died unnatural deaths while not imprisoned prior to July 2000. The rate of unnatural deaths among Victorian ex-prisoners was double the 1996/1997 Victorian rate of deaths in prison custody.The unnatural death rate of ex-prisoners was 10 times that found in the general Victorian population. Risk of unnatural death was greatest during the weeks immediately following release and greater among those who had previous imprisonments. Over half of the unnatural deaths were heroin-related deaths. Ex-prisoner heroin-related deaths accounted for at least 25% of all the Victorian heroin-related deaths.
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Carlton, Bree. "Penal reform, anti-carceral feminist campaigns and the politics of change in women’s prisons, Victoria, Australia." Punishment & Society 20, no. 3 (November 24, 2016): 283–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1462474516680205.

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This paper emphasises the importance of locating contemporary abolitionist social movements within a continuum of broader struggles against structural injustice. Previous decades have seen the re-emergence of women’s penal reform programmes framed as progressive solutions for alleviating the structural disadvantages and harms associated with imprisonment. Abolitionists have provided fierce critiques of the risks these pose in reinforcing the legitimacy and scale of imprisonment. However, we have yet to articulate a clear vision regarding the utility of reform in relation to decarceration strategies. In presenting a critical exploration of anti-carceral feminist campaign work in Victoria, Australia, this paper advocates the need to move beyond the simplistically conceived dualism of reform and abolition. The analysis explores how anti-carceral feminists have used reform as a resistance strategy within Victorian anti-discrimination campaigns in the 1980s and 1990s. Placed in historical context, these campaigns demonstrate the transformative possibilities and risks associated with the necessary navigation and pursuit of reformist strategies that is fundamental to a politics and practice of abolition.
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Walker, Shelley, Peter Higgs, Mark Stoové, and Mandy Wilson. "Narratives of Young Men With Injecting Drug Use Histories Leaving Adult Prison." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 12 (December 28, 2017): 3681–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x17747829.

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This research focuses on an under-examined aspect of the post-release prison trajectory for a seldom-researched cohort. Narratives of the immediate days/weeks surrounding release were gathered from young men with histories of injecting drug use (IDU). Twenty-eight participants (aged 19-24) released from adult prisons in Victoria, Australia, participated in face-to-face in-depth qualitative interviews after release. Analysis of findings through the lens of a “risk environment” framework reveals how their experiences were compromised by risk factors embedded in the physical spaces and social situations they inhabited, as well as the multi-sectoral policy environments under which they were governed. A complex interplay between these factors, young men’s drug use and broader issues of structural vulnerability, including institutionalization and social disadvantage, combined to limit young men’s chances of “success”1 on the outside. Narratives provide evidence for interventions that transform risk environments into enabling environments, thereby promoting a more successful transition from prison to community for young men with IDU histories.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Prisons Victoria"

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Luff, Jennifer D. "A Parlor in the Penitentiary: Prisons and Reading in Victorian America." W&M ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626024.

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Homberger, Margaret Alissa. "Wrongful confinement and Victorian psychiatry, 1840-1880." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2001. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/28851.

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Victorian society witnessed a transformation in the understanding and treatment of psychological disorders. The expansion of nosologies or classifications of lunacy was one measure hailed by psychological physicians as indicative of their mastery over madness. Yet between the 1840s and the 1870s the introduction of moral insanity and monomania to established classificatory systems undercut the medical authority of physicians and challenged their desired cultural stature as benevolent and authoritative agents of cure. Far from consolidating medical authority, these `partial' forms of lunacy (which were detected in the emotions rather than the intellect) paradoxically heightened anxiety about the ease with which eccentric or sane individuals could be wrongfully incarcerated in lunatic asylums. This dissertation examines the themes, motifs and defining issues of wrongful incarceration as they were discussed in Parliament, national and regional newspapers, medical and literary journals, and novels and short stories. Discussing in detail several infamous `cases' of wrongful confinement, it traces the ways in which anxieties were formulated, expressed and negotiated. The public outcry over cultural representations of wrongful confinement generated heated reactions from physicians and lunacy law reformers. The most contentious discussions centred on the manner in which notions of humanity and benevolence, and tyranny and liberty, were marshalled to influence public opinion. These debates represented not solely a legal conflict centring the claim to treatment and authority over the alleged lunatic, but more dramatically a battle for the public's good opinion. As important as medico-legal trials and their consequent rulings was the contested appropriateness of sentiment; this was manifested in words and images utilised to exacerbate or contain anxiety. The wrongful confinement controversy constitutes an important (though largely overlooked) episode in the history of English nineteenth-century psychiatry; formatively altering perceptions of the profession of mental science in the Victorian period.
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Chan, Kit-yi Kitty, and 陳潔儀. "Transformation of Central Police Station, Victoria Prison and former Central Magistracy Complex." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31985634.

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Chan, Kit-yi Kitty. "Transformation of Central Police Station, Victoria Prison and former Central Magistracy Complex." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25949470.

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Thesis (M. Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001.
Includes special report study entitled: Development of Central Police station Prison & Central Magistracy Complex. Includes bibliographical references.
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Boasso, Lauren. "Viewing Victorian Prisoners: Representations in the Illustrated Press, Painting, and Photography." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4087.

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Victorian prisoners were increasingly out of sight due to the ending of public displays of punishment. Although punishment was hidden in the prison, prison life was a frequent subject for representation. In this dissertation, I examine the ways Victorian illustrated newspapers, paintings, and photographs mediated an encounter with prisoners during a time when the prison was closed to outsiders. Reports and images became a significant means by which many people learned about, and defined themselves in relation to, prisoners. Previous scholarship has focused on stereotypes of prisoners that defined them as the “criminal type,” but I argue prisoners were also depicted in more ambiguous ways that aligned them with “respectable” members of society. I focus on images that compare the worlds inside and outside the prison, which reveal instabilities in representations of “the prisoner” and the ways this figure was defined against a societal norm. Such images draw attention to the act of looking at prisoners and often challenge a notion of the prison as a space of one-sided surveillance.
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Peters, Laura Lynn. "'Shades of the prison-house' : the disciplining of the Victorian literary orphan." Thesis, University of Kent, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240674.

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Guajardo, William Henry. "Rain of Gold's Prison Play: Identity Making and Maneuvering." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6787.

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Critics mostly dismiss Victor Villasenor's 1991 Rain of Gold—the supposed biography of the author's father who enters the United States during the Prohibition era. Nevertheless, upon closer examination this narrative explores and erodes corroded human categories and racial reductions present in the Southwestern penal system. According to scholars in critical prison studies and critical race theory, the prison functions as a state-sanctioned method for prosecuting criminals and persecuting minority Americans. Juxtaposing Rain of Gold with these two areas of academic research, however, reveals that penitentiaries produce faulty and fallible notions of personhood that are, in part, responsible for the racialization and decimation that occur with incarceration. In resistance, Rain of Gold's protagonist challenges the carceral's ability to overdetermine identity by outmaneuvering criminal labels, redefining oppressive narratives and refusing to accept a dehumanized existence. As a thirteen-year-old in the Tombstone penitentiary, Juan Salvador Villasenor preserves his dream of a better future. While criminals, especially Mexican American criminals, have little room for redemption or rehabilitation under state law, Juan carefully contradicts social normalization by learning to read The Count of Monte Cristo, escaping several cells and trumped-up criminal charges, and practicing the techniques of a successful bootlegger. Juan, then, changes the material condition of his life, and the lives of his family members, as he turns prison's identity play inside out.
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Norrie, Philip Anthony. "An Analysis of the Causes of Death in Darlinghurst Gaol 1867-1914 and the Fate of the Homeless in Nineteenth Century Sydney." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1862.

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Master of Arts (Research)
This thesis examines a ledger which listed all the causes of death in Darlinghurst Gaol, Sydney’s main gaol, from 1867 to 1914 when the gaol was closed and all the prisoners were transferred to the new Long Bay Gaol at Maroubra. The ledger lists the name of the deceased prisoner, the date of their death, the age of the prisoner at the time of their death and the cause of death along with any special comments relevant to the death where necessary. This ledger was analysed in depth and the death rates and diseases causing the deaths were compared to the general population in New South Wales and Australia as well as to another similar institution namely Auburn Prison, the oldest existing prison in New York State and the general population of the United States of America (where possible). Auburn Prison was chosen because it was the only other prison in the English speaking world (British Empire and United States of America) that had a similar complete list of deaths of prisoners in the same time frame – in this case beginning in 1888. The comparison showed that the highest death rates were in the general population of the United States of America (statistics on New York State alone could not be found) followed by Auburn Prison followed by the general population of Australia then the general population of New South Wales (the latter two were very similar) and the lowest death rates were in Darlinghurst Gaol. The analysis showed that individuals were less likely to die in the main prison, compared to the relevant general population in New South Wales and New York State despite the fact that 8 – 9% of these prison deaths were due to executions, a cause of death not encountered in the general population. This thesis explores the reasons why mortality rates were lower in prison despite the popular perception was that Victorian era gaols were places of harshness, cruelty and death (think of the writings of Charles Dickens, the great moralist writer who was the conscience of the era) compared to the general free population.
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Falgas-Ravry, Cécilia. "Representations of convicts in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century French culture." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/245144.

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From the 1820s, forçats were widely portrayed in French culture across a variety of fictional and non-fictional genres. This thesis analyses this ‘convict tradition’, and relates it to the emergence of industrial literature in France, with its resolutely reader-centred approach. It argues that convicts acquired a central cultural importance in the nineteenth century because they embodied a form of transgressive individualism which fascinated bourgeois readers. Convicts functioned as screens onto which readers could project their own forbidden desires. The study analyses canonical novels by Sand, Balzac, Hugo and Zola alongside a large corpus of non-fiction, including biographies, penological or philanthropic texts, physiologies and travel literature. The circulation of stereotypes and stylistic tropes between these different genres shows the constant interaction between mainstream and elite writing, and the influence of literary representations on the perception of criminals, which shaped political decisions and penal policy. The first chapter of the study suggests that convicts gave a face to nineteenth-century concerns about the proliferation of the criminal classes, thereby allowing readers to explore these fears. At the same time, descriptions of crime were a source of scopophilic pleasure, allowing readers to indulge repressed transgressive desires, while partaking in a potentially subversive celebration of carnivalesque disorder. Chapter 2 shows how these dynamics inform Balzac’s writing in his ‘Vautrin cycle’, drawing readers into a game of open secrets and deferred recognition, which mirrors contemporary concerns about urban illegibility and illegitimate social promotion. Chapter 3 explores a competing tradition which portrayed convicts as sublime, betraying the ambiguity of nineteenth-century attitudes to imprisonment, which could be a sign of infamy or of martyrdom. Sublime convicts reassured readers about the human ability to overcome trials, and to attain salvation through spiritual means (ataraxia) or physical resistance (escape). These differing traditions show that narratives tended to be centred upon their readers’ concerns, which may explain why criminals themselves were discouraged from writing. Chapter 4 presents the obstacles to convict self-expression as well as various attempts by inmates to ‘write back’, culminating with Genet’s and Charrière’s subversive reappropriation of literary discourse. Chapter 5 examines the ways in which the interplay between political events, commercial imperatives, literary evolutions (the rise of the detective novel) and new cultural practices like the cinema changed twentieth-century representations of convicts. This thesis analyses a large corpus of understudied material and fills a gap in existing scholarship, but more importantly it uses convicts to explore nineteenth-century reading practices, and to probe cultural fault lines in post-revolutionary French society. Convicts exemplify the ambiguity of nineteenth-century attitudes to social marginality, and highlight the conflicted nature of bourgeois identity. Their portrayal also draws attention to the important structural changes undergone by the literary field from the 1830s onwards, which paved the way for the advent of mass culture in the twentieth century.
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Izarra, Salomon de. "L'écriture de l'enfermement : de la narration de de l'incarcération aux perspectives et illusions d'évasion et de métamorphose." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR2020/document.

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Cette thèse a pour but d’analyser les caractéristiques d’une métamorphose dans la littérature carcérale, à travers l’analyse d’oeuvres de Jean Genet, de Victor Hugo, de Jack London et d’Oscar Wilde. Elle consiste donc à mettre en valeur les différentes étapes de ce processus, d’en comprendre les causes et les conséquences. Nous nous intéressons donc à l’histoire des systèmes carcéraux en Californie, en Angleterre et en France, puis aux clichés qui sont légion dans la littérature carcérale. Nous nous attardons ensuite sur les causes de la métamorphose à travers les méfaits de la prison et la réponse en conséquence des détenus. Enfin, notre dernière partie concerne les aspects plus inattendus de la carcéralité et le difficile retour à la vie civile
The goal of this thesis is to analyze caracteristics of a metamorphosis in the prison literature, by the analysis of works by Jean Genet, Victor Hugo, Jack London and Oscar Wilde. Therefore, it consists in highlighting the different stages of this processus, of understanding its causes and consequences. We focus on the history of prison systems in California, England and France, then to the clichés, which are numerous into the prison literature. Then we look at the causes of the metamorphosis through the mischiefs of prison and the answer accordingly of the detainees. Finally, our last part concerns the unexpected aspects of the imprisonment, and the difficult return to civil life
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Books on the topic "Prisons Victoria"

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Peter, Lynn. From Pentonville to Pentridge: A history of prisons in Victoria. Melbourne: State Library of Victoria, 1996.

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Guzmán, Eduardo de. El año de la victoria. Madrid: Vosa, 2001.

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Auditor-General, Victoria Office of the. Victoria's prison system: Community protection and prisoner welfare. [Melbourne]: Auditor-General of Victoria, 1999.

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Victorian prison lives: English prison biography, 1830-1914. London: Methuen, 1985.

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Lynn, Peter. Inquiry into the Victorian prison system: An inquiry instituted by the Government of Victoria to inquire into and report on allegations of maladministration, corruption, and drug trafficking within the Victorian Prison system : a report to the Hon. Patrick McNamara, MP, Deputy Premier and Minister for Corrections. Melbourne: L.V. North, Govt. Printer, 1993.

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Toulouse-Lautrec, Béatrix de. J'ai eu vingt ans à Ravensbrück: La victoire en pleurant. Paris: Perrin, 1991.

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Force, Victoria Victorian Correctional Services Task. Review of suicides and self harm in Victorian prisons. [Melbourne, Vic.]: Victorian Correctional Services Task Force, 1999.

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Cochet, F. Les Exclus de la victoire: Histoire des prisonniers de guerre, déportés et S.T.O. (1945-1985). Paris: S.P.M., 1992.

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Office, Victoria Audit. Addressing the needs of Victorian prisoners. Melbourne: Govt. Printer, 2003.

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Murray, B. L. Report on the behaviour of the Office of Corrections. Melbourne: L.V. North, Govt. Printer, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Prisons Victoria"

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de la L. Oulton, Carolyn W. "Pet Prisoners and Honest Paupers: Philanthropic Dealings with Poverty and Criminality." In Literature and Religion in Mid-Victorian England, 161–93. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230504646_5.

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Sales, Roger. "A Government Prison where Harmless People are Trapped: Regency Poets and Victorian Asylums." In John Clare, 130–63. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403990280_5.

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Hughes-Edwards, Mari. "‘Better a prison … than a madhouse!’: Incarceration and the Neo-Victorian Fictions of Sarah Waters." In Sarah Waters and Contemporary Feminisms, 133–51. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-50608-5_8.

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Lee, Hyun Kyung. "Seodaemun Prison: From Symbol of Fear and Violence to Symbol of Freedom and Victory." In 'Difficult Heritage' in Nation Building, 105–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66338-8_3.

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Stafford, Craig. "Using Local Prison Registers to Explore the Relationship Between Female Drunkenness, Age and Marital Status in Mid-Victorian Salford." In Alcohol, Age, Generation and the Life Course, 203–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04017-7_9.

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Crone, Rosalind. "Education and the Changing Penal Regime." In Illiterate Inmates, 206–44. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833833.003.0007.

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Chapter 6 continues to explore the consequences of penal reform for the provision of education in prisons in the mid-Victorian period. It focuses, in particular, on the delivery of education in prisons. Although the use of separation for reformatory purposes was largely discredited after 1850, a new generation of penal reformers was attracted to its painful properties. In order to limit association in prisons even further, penal reformers insisted on the implementation of cellular instruction: one-to-one tuition delivered by teachers to prisoners in their cells. This transformed the experience of learning and heralded another significant divergence from mainstream elementary education. It also had a dramatic impact on the time that prisoners spent ‘at school’. Renewed emphasis on the performance of hard labour gave rise to new pressures to schedule instruction in the evening. The new network of convict prisons established to facilitate sentences of penal servitude encouraged the professionalisation of teachers in that sector. In local prisons, the persistent use of prison warders as teachers prevented the achievement of better working conditions and professionalisation for prison schoolmasters and schoolmistresses.
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Crone, Rosalind. "The Attempt to Achieve a National System." In Illiterate Inmates, 247–75. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833833.003.0008.

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Between 1869 and 1895, the retributionist and deterrent ambitions of the mid-Victorian penal reformers were fully realised as convict prisons and then local prisons were turned into a ‘huge punishing machine’. Still, the provision of education in prisons persisted, and the period presented opportunities for radical change, including for an enlarged role for education within the penal regime. However, these opportunities were by and large missed. Chapter 7 examines the opportunity presented by the achievement of uniformity in prison discipline under the chairman of the Directors of Convict Prisons and the new Prison Commission, Sir Edmund Du Cane, which coincided with the advent of compulsory and universal elementary schooling for children in England. Between 1868 and 1883 a national system of prison education in England was created, as the content of instruction and modes of delivery became standardised across the penal sector. The process began in convict prisons with the adoption of the 1862 Revised Code and the introduction of examination books to ensure that learning was not interrupted by necessary transfers between prisons. The nationalisation of local prisons in 1878 led to the establishment of a departmental committee on prison education (the Fenwick Committee), who devised a new scheme to enable prisoners who behaved well and were imprisoned for four months or more to raise their literacy and numeracy skills to the limit of compulsory schooling outside prison. It also ended the employment of professional teachers in the local prison sector.
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8

Chase, Robert T. "War on the Prison Insurgent." In We Are Not Slaves, 340–88. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469653570.003.0011.

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Chapter 10 reinterprets how the prison responded to the Ruiz victory with a new regime of militarization dedicated to waging war on what it considered to be the new class of prisoner insurgent. In the militarized climate, the new development of prison gangs erupted from the challenges of prison-made civil rights and racial struggle to initiate a new era of political assassination within the prison that constituted a carceral version of 1980s outsourcing and violence. The formation of the neo-Nazi and KKK white gangs attempted prison assassinations for radical white supremacist ends as an effort to stem the victories of civil rights in both the courtroom and the prison courtyard. This chapter contends that the new prison violence was due to mass incarceration, overcrowding, an attempt to reassert white privilege through gang outsourcing, and the militarized prison where gangs functioned as prison insurgents and correctional officers became counterinsurgent forces. As such, the final chapter reconsiders the sociological “paradox of reform” and “authority as good social order” argument by demonstrating that the shift from prison mobilization for prisoners’ rights to racialized balkanization must be understood within the onset of mass incarceration.
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9

Cressy, David. "Island Prisoners of the English Republic." In England's Islands in a Sea of Troubles, 249–68. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856603.003.0014.

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This chapter shows how the victors in the civil wars emulated the royalist regime by isolating enemies in island prisons. Victims of the Commonwealth and Protectorate included cavalier conspirators sent to the Isle of Wight and the Channel Islands, religious radicals held on the Isle of Wight and Scilly, and dissident army officers exiled to Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man. Revolutionary England supported a chain of offshore prisons, where inmates often likened themselves to the godly prisoners of Scripture. Sufferers included the Leveller John Lilburne, the Fifth Monarchist John Rogers, the Unitarian John Biddle, and the republican Robert Overton. Some construed their prison island as Patmos, and Oliver Cromwell’s England at Babylon.
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10

Chase, Robert T. "Stuck between Justice and the Carceral State." In We Are Not Slaves, 311–39. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469653570.003.0010.

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Chapter 9 analyzes the Ruiz trial itself as drawing from prisoner-initiated narrative, but it situates even the most far-reaching courtroom victory within a political arrangement of carceral massive resistance, where southern Democrats resisted court orders and new southern Republicans consciously reinterpreted the court’s intent as part of mass incarceration’s broader political project. In the immediate aftermath of the 1980 Ruiz decision, the prisoners’ courtroom victory was stuck over a political struggle between the state and the federal system. Prisoners were at the mercy of a variation on “massive resistance,” where the TDC resisted federal court intervention at every turn. Making matters worse, as mass incarceration was now fully taking hold, the prisons were becoming more and more overcrowded and prone to violence. Trapped between the court and the state, prisoners had fewer external political allies as the 1980s dawned.
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