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1
Guimond, David. "Prisons of industry, the recent history of american private prisons, 1978-1985." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0032/MQ38753.pdf.
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Osborne, Taryn Frances. "Masculinity and Vulnerability in United States Jails and Prisons." Ohio University Art and Sciences Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouashonors1544710898014658.
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Bangert, Elizabeth C. "The Press and the Prisons: Union and Confederate Newspaper Coverage of Civil War Prisons." W&M ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626316.
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Fischer, Ronald W. "A comparative study of two Civil War prisons : Old Capitol prison and Castle Thunder prison /." Thesis, This resource online This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02092007-102017/.
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Thirumalai, Dhanalakshmi. "Religion and Crime: A Study of Inmates in State and Federal Prisons in the United States." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2004. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-1223103-235401/unrestricted/ThirumalaiD020403f.pdf.
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Thalmann, Vanessa. "Prison labour for private corporations : the impact of human rights." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82672.
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In the past two decades, the prison population has increased considerably in many industrialized countries. In the United States, for example, the prison population has more than quadrupled since 1980. As a response to the considerable incarceration costs, the number of private prisons and the number of prisoners working for private corporations have increased significantly. Proponents of private sector involvement in prison industries argue that inmate labour can reduce the incarceration costs and contribute to rehabilitation of prisoners.The question of private sector involvement in prison facilities raises significant concerns as regards to international labour standards. Opponents of private sector involvement argue that private hiring of prison labour can involve exploitation. They also argue that the authority for punishment is a core governmental function that cannot be delegated to the private sector. Furthermore, in most cases, labour and social security laws are not applied to inmates. Therefore, prison labour can constitute unfair competition with free labour or even go as far as to replace free labour.
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Zombek, Angela Marie. "CAMP CHASE AND LIBBY PRISONS: AN EXAMINATION OF POWER AND RESISTANCE ON THE NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN HOME FRONTS 1863-1864." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1152808040.
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Favero, Melissa. "The low-down on America's lock-down: a critical look at the political economy of prisons." Thesis, Boston University, 2001. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27645.
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Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
2031-01-02
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Holley, William T. "Assessing the impact of prison siting on rural economic development." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3351.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2008.Vita: p. 161. Thesis director: Stephen S. Fuller. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Public Policy. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Jan. 11, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 156-160). Also issued in print.
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WELLER, Pauline Margarete Sophie. "The accommodation of religious minority beliefs in prisons in Germany and the United States : a transatlantic comparison." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/67090.
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Defence date: 20 May 2020 (Online)Examining Board: Professor Gàbor Halmai (EUI, Supervisor); Professor Mathias Siems (EUI); Professor Christoph Möllers (Humboldt University of Berlin); Professor Susanna Mancini (University of Bologna)
This thesis critically compares the accommodation of religious minority beliefs in prisons in Germany and the United States. Following the approach of critical secularism scholarship, it investigates if there is a Christian bias in the recognition of the religious needs and practices of inmates in both countries. The first part of the thesis examines and compares the relevant frameworks. The first chapter explains the relevant actors and the key figures of the prison system of Germany and the U.S. The second chapter sheds light on the history of religion in the prison domain and clarifies the theoretical strands of deterrence, retribution, and rehabilitation. It analyzes the prison reforms during the 1970s and 1980s in both countries and shows that the motivations and circumstances of these reforms have impact on the accommodation of religion in the prison domains today. The third chapter discusses religious diversity in numerical as well as textual terms. Against the background of the immigration history of each country, the third chapter shows how religious diversity has developed differently in Germany and the U.S. and how this has shaped different notions of religious equality and fairness in each country’s constitutionalism. The fourth chapter compares the relevant constitutional framework in light of the state-religion model, the constitutional religious freedom and equality doctrine, and the fundamental rights status of inmates in each country. The second part of this thesis starts with a theoretical and normative investigation of the concept of religious accommodation. Based on multiculturalism research, it is argued that unequal treatment of religious minorities is normatively relevant as their alienation likely undermines their equal standing in society. Subsequently, the empirically most essential needs and practices of inmates are doctrinally analyzed and compared: that to participate in chaplaincy programs, to follow religious dietary guidelines, and to use and possess religious objects and literature. The comparison shows that while the discrimination of non-Christian beliefs is a common element in both jurisdictions, the generally better treatment of inmates in Germany has to be confronted with a higher relevance of religious claims in the U.S. federal prison system.
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Seim, Joshua David. "Erosion and Adjustment: A Bourdieuian-Inspired Analysis of Imprisonment and Release." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/295.
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Sociologists of punishment generally agree that the American prison exacerbates social inequality, but the mechanisms by which it does so remain somewhat fuzzy. This thesis pulls from the tradition of Pierre Bourdieu (1930-2002), a canonical theorist of power and inequality, and specifically his three "thinking tools" of field, capital, and habitus, to unveil these mechanisms. Empirically, I turn to ethnographic data I collected in a minimum-security men's prison that is generally reserved for convicts who will be released to one of the three most populated counties in Oregon. I explore how soon-to-be-released prisoners (i.e., prisoners who will be released within six months) understand and prepare for their exit. Data suggest most prisoners approaching release want to adopt an honest working class style of living, and that many take proactive steps they perceive as likely to increase their chances of accessing this lifestyle (sometimes called the "straight life"). However, I argue that any (re)integrative potential emerging from these conscious and interest-oriented strategies are at risk of being trumped by two processes I title "capital erosion" and "habitus adjustment." I frame these as unintended, but nevertheless strong, consequences of imprisonment. Ultimately, I suggest imprisonment worsens existing patterns of inequality by means of draining power from the nearly powerless and disintegrating the poorly integrated.
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Penley, Victoria Lynn. "The re-emergence of public support for rehabilitative treatment in prisons." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1991. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/851.
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Evans, Rosa Mae McClellan. "Judicial Prosecution of Prisoners For LDS Plural Marriage: Prison Sentences, 1884-1895." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 1986. http://patriot.lib.byu.edu/u?/MTAF,34213.
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Byrne, Karen Lynn. "Danville's Civil War prisons, 1863-1865." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02092007-102016/.
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Grefe, Christiana Morgan. "Museums of order : 'truth', politics, and the interpretation of America's historic prisons /." View online version; access limited to Brown University users, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3174613.
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Bath, Joshua. "The Effects of Private-Prison Management on Observed Rates of Recidivism: A Meta-Analysis of Existing Research." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31857.
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This thesis examines evolving trends within public administration which have spurred the rise of privatized services in areas of governance traditionally provided by governments. One such area of governance in the United States has been the nation’s criminal justice system, specifically, the privatization of correctional facilities. Given what many would argue is an axiomatically different, profit-maximizing, goal-orientation among private sector actors from their public counterparts, many are questioning what impacts this could have on the dispersal of services within prisons, and specifically, the observed rates of recidivism once inmates are brought back into life outside of the institution. In assessing this development, the fields of New Public Management, Alternative Service Delivery, and Public-Private Partnerships are considered. The paper then conducts an historical review on the use, and prevalence, of privatized correctional facilities in the United States, including considerations of economic and academic debates. In assessing the academic debates, it is found that research on the use of private prisons and their relationship to recidivism rates have provided mixed results. It is also illustrated that the studies employ a variety of methodological differences. This paper seeks to understand whether the methodological differences between the studies have impacted the outcomes of the studies’ results. This is realized through a meta-analysis of existing studies in the field using statistical tools. In concluding, measurement and methodological considerations are found to have impacts on the results of the researchers’ studies.
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Crager, Kelly Eugene. "Lone Star under the Rising Sun: Texas's "Lost Battalion," 2nd Battalion, 131st Field Artillery Regiment, During World War II." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4737/.
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In March 1942, the 2nd Battalion, 131st Field Artillery Regiment, 36th Division, surrendered to the Japanese Imperial Army on Java in the Dutch East Indies. Shortly after the surrender, the men of the 2nd Battalion were joined as prisoners-of-war by the sailors and Marines who survived the sinking of the heavy cruiser USS Houston. From March 1942 until the end of World War II, these men lived in various Japanese prison camps throughout the Dutch East Indies, Southeast Asia, and in the Japanese home islands. Forced to labor for their captors for the duration of the conflict, they performed extremely difficult tasks, including working in industrial plants and mining coal in Japan, and most notably, constructing the infamous Burma-Thailand Death Railway. During their three-and-one-half years of captivity, these prisoners experienced brutality at the hands of the Japanese. Enduring prolonged malnutrition and extreme overwork, they suffered from numerous tropical and dietary diseases while receiving almost no medical care. Each day, these men lived in fear of being beaten and tortured, and for months at a time they witnessed the agonizing deaths of their friends and countrymen. In spite of the conditions they faced, most survived to return to the United States at war's end. This study examines the experiences of these former prisoners from 1940 to 1945 and attempts to explain how they survived.
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Vourkoutiotis, Vasilis. "The German Armed Forces Supreme Command and British and American prisoners-of-war, 1939-1945 : policy and practice." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ64687.pdf.
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Lux, Erin. "From Rehabilitation to Punishment: American Corrections after 1945." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23504.
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The incarceration rate in the United States has increased dramatically in the period since 1945. How did the United States move from having stable incarceration rates in line with global norms to the largest system of incarceration in the world? This study examines the political and intellectual aspects of incarceration and theories of criminal justice by looking at the contributions of journalists, intellectuals and policy makers to the debate on whether the purpose of the justice system is rehabilitation, vengeance, deterrence or incapacitation. This thesis finds that justice and the institution of the prison itself are not immutable facts of modern civilization, but are human institutions vulnerable to the influence of politics, culture and current events.
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Garrett, Dave L. "The Power of One: Bonnie Singleton and American Prisoners of War in Vietnam." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279240/.
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Bonnie Singleton, wife of United States Air Force helicopter rescue pilot Jerry Singleton, saw her world turned upside down when her husband was shot down while making a rescue in North Vietnam in 1965. At first, the United States government advised her to say very little publicly concerning her husband, and she complied. After the capture of the American spy ship, the U.S.S. Pueblo by North Korea, and the apparent success in freeing the naval prisoners when Mrs. Rose Bucher, the ship captain's wife, spoke out, Mrs. Singleton changed her opinion and embarked upon a campaign to raise public awareness about American prisoners of war held by the Communist forces in Southeast Asia. Mrs. Singleton, along with other Dallas-area family members, formed local grass-roots organizations to notify people around the world about the plight of American POWs. They enlisted the aid of influential congressmen, such as Olin "Tiger" Teague of College Station, Texas; President Richard M. Nixon and his administration; millionaire Dallas businessman Ross Perot; WFAA television in Dallas; and other news media outlets worldwide. In time, Bonnie Singleton, other family members, and the focus groups they helped start encouraged North Vietnam to release the names of prisoners, allow mail and packages to be sent to the POWs, and afford better treatment for prisoners of war.
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O'connor, Rachel. "The United States Prison System: A Comparative Analysis." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5086.
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Throughout history the penal system has been viewed as the paramount means of dealing with criminals, though its function has transformed throughout time. It has served as a pit for detaining suspected criminals, a home for the vagrant, an institution for the insane, a dreaded place of repute, quarters for cleansing and renewal, and an establishment of cataloged charges. The trials and transformations of history have developed and shaped the institution that we recognize today. Presently, the United States prison population far exceeds that of any other country in the world. The political climate, tough on crime policies, determinate sentencing, and increasing cost of prisons have significantly increased numbers of various offenders in prisons and generated lengthy prison sentences; creating a proliferating annual prison population and a depletion of resources. As a result, this practice of essentially cataloging mass amounts of inmates appears to have resulted in a system whose practices, financial situation, depleting amount of resources and ultimately the inability achieve rehabilitation has resulted in a system accomplishing only incapacitation. However, other nations have created prison models that appear more successful, managing to lower prison populations while simultaneously lower crime rates. Comparing the United States to the Netherlands and Germany, countries that have been successful in these to lower prison populations while simultaneously lower crime rates, provides an opportunity for uncovering potential advantageous practices.
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Kelsey, Jonathan Melvin. "The Writing of JI: From These Walls." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1247708978.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Akron, School of Dance, Theatre, and Arts Administration-Theatre Arts, 2009."August, 2009." Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed 10/21/2009) Advisor, James Slowiak; Faculty readers, Durand Pope, David Bush; School Director, Neil Sapienza; Dean of the College, Dudley Turner; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.
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Sasser, Jackson Norman. "Escaping into the Prison Civil War Round Table." W&M ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626550.
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Fowles, A. J. "Prisoners' rights in England and the United States : a comparative study." Thesis, University of York, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356832.
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Ryan, Laura M. "Return with honor : Code of Conduct training in the National Military Strategy security environment /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Sep%5FRyan.pdf.
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Getek, Kathryn Ann. "Just Punishment? A Virtue Ethics Approach to Prison Reform in the United States." Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3761.
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Thesis advisor: James F. KeenanThe United States penal system, fragmented by contradictory impulses toward retribution and incapacitation, is in need of coherent objectives for its prisons and jails. This dissertation draws upon the resources of virtue ethics to suggest a new model of justice, one which claims that a Christian theological framework can offer insight for public correctional institutions. In developing a model of justice as virtue, I incorporate rehabilitative goals and contributions from restorative justice. Advancing beyond these foundations, I draw upon two key sources. First, from a study of virtue and justice in the work of Thomas Aquinas, I argue that the virtue of legal justice - an orientation toward the common good - is the fundamental lens for understanding punishment. The prison can only cultivate justice to the extent that it empowers moral agency and (re-)orients offenders toward right relationship with the community. Second, an inclusive, restorative account of biblical justice - developed particularly from Isaiah, the Psalms, and the New Testament - establishes justice as a saving intervention. Thus, punishment can be a legitimate means but is not constitutive of justice itself. Despite its necessary limitations, the prison must empower the moral agency of inmates through just action, reformulate the role and practices of correctional staff, and facilitate just relationships between offenders and their communities and families. Furthermore, prisons themselves can be understood as moral agents that bear responsibility for cultivating justice in society. For the United States prison, a model of justice as virtue mandates unremitting efforts to transform offenders and the larger community into just moral agents
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2010
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Theology
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Wasson, Donald L. Holsinger M. Paul. "Mr. Chips goes to jail teaching the U.S. Constitution in the correctional setting /." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1992. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9227177.
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Thesis (D.A.)--Illinois State University, 1992.Title from title page screen, viewed January 19, 2006. Dissertation Committee: M. Paul Holsinger (chair), Lawrence W. McBride, Edward Schapsmeier, L. Moody Simms, Frederick D. Drake, David Falcone. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 214-221) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Diaz, Jose Oscar. "“To Make the Best of Our Hard Lot”: Prisoners, Captivity, and the Civil War." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1233764501.
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Donaho, Marlea S. "Belle Isle, Point Lookout, the Press and the Government: The Press and Reality of Civil War Prison Camps." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4736.
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The study of Civil War prisons is relatively new within the broader study of the Civil War. What little study there is tends to focus on bigger prison camps. It has been established in the historiography that prisoners suffered across the divided nation, but it has not been ascertained how the decisions and policies of the government, as well as the role of the press in those decisions, effected the daily lives of Civil War prisoners. Belle Isle, a Confederate Prison, and Point Lookout, a Union prison, will be analyzed for key differences to provide a fuller picture of life inside a Civil War prison camp, as well as how the press and government affected that daily life. It was discovered that the role of the government and the press was heavily influential in the lives of Civil War prisoners, leading to much suffering.
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Kim, Jeanie Jinwee. "Nutrition education for English learning in the prison context." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2374.
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This project addresses the need for English as a second language nutrition instruction for patients in a forensic mental institution. It incorporates concepts of motivation, situated learning, prison education, English for specific purposes, and content-based instruction into a model which guides the design of a nutrition curriculum, consisting of five lesson plans about the Food Guide Pyramid.
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Collins, Robert M. "Within the walls an analysis of sexual harassment and sexual coercion at Naval Consolidated Brig Miramar /." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://stinet.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA456966&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, Calif."September 2006." Title taken from title screen (viewed February 13, 2007). Includes bibliographical references (p. 167-171) and appendices.
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Collins, Robert M. Johnson Suzanne M. "Within the walls an analysis of sexual harassment and sexual coercion at Naval Consolidated Brig Miramar /." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA456966.
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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2006, Robert M. Collins. Thesis (M.B.A.)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2006, Suzanne M. Johnson.Thesis Advisor(s): Crawford, Alice M. ; Hocevar, Susan P. "September 2006." Description based on title screen as viewed on (July 30, 2009). DTIC Descriptors: Naval Personnel, Sexual Harassment, Prisoners, Facilities, Theses, Prisons, Surveys, Fear, Coercive Force, Low Rates. Author(s) subject terms: Harassment, Sexual Harassment, Sexual Coercion, Brig, Prison, Prisoners, Reprisal. Includes bibliographical references (p. 167-171). Also available in print.
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Williams, J. Barrie. "Re-Education of German Prisoners of War in the United States during World War II." W&M ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625841.
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West, Paul Lee. "The effects of incarceration on behavior patterns of DUI second offenders using TFA Systems (tm)." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40179.
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Backstrand, John Allen. "Who's in Jail?: An Examination of Irwin's Rabble Hypothesis." PDXScholar, 1991. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1263.
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The research reported in this dissertation centers around John Irwin's recent book, The Jail: Managing the Underclass in American Society (1985)', and provides a data informed critique of his study. It examined the records of people booked and incarcerated in jails varying in size and other characteristics in order to evaluate Irwin's conclusions that were made from his study of inmates at one jail in San Francisco County, California. The research portion of this dissertation was a comparative study of six Northwest jails in Multnomah County, Oregon and Skamania County, Washington and the varying characteristics of 1,306 jail prisoners incarcerated in them. Drawing upon inmate records, it was possible to obtain a charge distribution of the population selected for study as well as pertinent findings on other variables of age, gender, race, location, time incarcerated in the six detention locations, and disposition of charges. Most important to this study was the issue of crime severity for which a Statutory Seriousness Scale (SSS) was designed. The scale was based on the revised codes (criminal laws) of Oregon and Washington. Irwin put forth the argument that jails are occupied predominantly by a rabble class of inmates who have committed mostly petty crimes or no crimes at all. He defined the rabble class as those who are detached and disreputable persons who do not fit into conventional society and are irksome and offensive lower class members. It is not so much Irwin's definition of rabble that is at issue, rather, it is his contention that the nation's jails are populated predominantly by persons whose "crime" is that they are "offensive," rather than lawbreakers involved in serious criminal acts. According to Irwin, the primary function of the police is to manage, by various means, this disreputable underclass. The data gathering procedures used by Irwin were not entirely satisfactory, casting doubt on the accuracy of his claims. Accordingly, additional inquiry into jail populations is in order. The data uncovered in the present study suggests that, contrary to Irwin's thesis, many people arrested, booked, and jailed as a result of committing fairly serious crimes. This conclusion was true for the six jails and the 1,306 persons whose records were studied. The research suggests that Irwin's argument is not true for jails everywhere and that jails here do not seem to be filled mainly with persons whose primary problem is their offensive behavior. Instead, jails house a majority who have committed fairly serious acts of lawbreaking.
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Robinson, Marquice. "A Case Study of Overcrowding in a County Jail in the Southeast United States." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5412.
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For the past several decades, the county jail in a large metropolitan city in the southeast United States has been overcrowded, which has resulted in violence within the jail, excessive costs to the Sheriff's Office, and a requirement of Federal oversight of the jail from 2005 to 2015. In spite of these events, little is understood about why jail overcrowding is prevalent in the county and what impacts overcrowding may have on the communities around the jail. Using Shaw and McKay's social disorganization theory as the foundation, the purpose of this case study was to understand the unique circumstances around in the geographic region that may contribute to overcrowding in order to avoid the risk of future federal government intervention. Data were collected through interviews with jail administrators and staff, commissioners, and judges. Additionally, publicly available data related to the operations of the jail were collected. These data were inductively coded and then subjected to a thematic analysis procedure. Key findings identified the primary causes of overcrowding to include increases in the number of correctional clients with mental health problems, increases in the number of youthful offenders, and deficiencies in capacity at the primary jail facility that has not kept pace with population changes in the county. Positive social change implications include recommendations to jail administrators and lawmakers to use statutory authority to alleviate some of the problems in and around the jail facility. These recommendations may reduce the financial and legal risk for the county and promote public safety both within and outside the jail.
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Conrad, Sarah M. "A Restorative Environmental Justice for the Prison Industrial Complex: a Transformative Feminist Theory of Justice." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc801925/.
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This dissertation provides a feminist restorative model of environmental justice that addresses the injustices found within UNICOR’s e-waste recycling operations. A feminist restorative environmental justice challenges the presupposition that grassroots efforts, law and policy, medical and scientific research, and theoretical pursuits (alone or in conjunction) are sufficient to address the emotional and relational harm of environmental injustices. To eliminate environmental harms, this model uses collaborative dialogue for interested parties to prevent environmental harm. To encourage participation, a feminist restorative model accepts many forms of knowledge and truth as ‘legitimate’ and offers an opportunity for women to share how their personal experiences of love, violence, and caring differ from men and other women and connect to larger social practices. This method of environmental justice offers opportunities for repair, reparation and reintegration that can transform perspectives on criminality, dangerous practices and structures in the PIC, and all persons who share in a restorative encounter.
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Kuester, L. B. "Why swallow razor blades? : an ethnographic study on violence, agency, and negotiated health in the United States prison setting." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2016. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/2572612/.
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Background: Inmates and ex-inmates might represent a ‘biologically damaged’ population, having a disproportionately high burden of disease when compared to the general community. Moreover, people living with HIV might be considered a ‘special population’ within the carceral setting, having increased access to medical, social, and fiscal resources when compared to the general inmate population. This research investigates the role of medical, welfare, and penal systems as they frame the ‘lived experience’ of HIV-positive inmates. More generally, this research explores the social relationships between inmates and various security and medical personnel as they negotiate for individual health and agency. Methods: Ethnographic research explored the ‘lived experience’ of 34 HIV-positive male and female inmates as they moved through a state jail / prison system and back to the public community. For about 12 months during 2011- 2012, 77 semi-structured interviews and participant observations were conducted across seven penal facilities and community-based organizations in New England, United States. Participants (N=72): short- and long-term inmates in jail / prison (n=26); prison healthcare providers (n=14); correctional officers and administrators (n=17); ex-inmates and family of inmates (n=9), and physicians and social workers (n=6). Analysis and interpretation of data involved interview transcription and thematic content analysis through coding with Nvivo 9 software. Results: Inmates’ social relationships with staff were often centred on the coproduction of a particular form of ‘violence’, which I conceptualise as ‘degradation.’ Inmate recidivism and engagement in self-inflicted degradation (e.g. swallowing razor blades, urinating in one’s cell, faking medical symptoms) may be considered a behavioural and social tactic used to gain agency within prison, as well as access to community-based welfare and medical institutions upon re-entry into the public community. In prison, practices of degradation might be most visible through a common social interaction of ‘prison games.’ I interpret prison games to involve inmates’ deployment of ‘abjectionable’ and anti-social behaviour for social and capital gains while prison staff attempt to manage this behaviour. Collectively, the practice of degradation might provide insight into a ‘degraded citizenship’ experienced by millions of people who pass through a U.S. jail or prison each year.
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Kahan, Paul. "Seminary of Virtue: The Ideology and Practice of Inmate Reform at Eastern State Penitentiary, 1829-1971." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2009. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/50421.
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HistoryPh.D.
This study is an analysis of the role educational programming has played in reforming inmates in American correctional institutions between the Jacksonian era and the 1970s. A case study, "Seminary of Virtue" focuses on the educational curriculum at Philadelphia's famed Eastern State Penitentiary, a cutting-edge institution that originated the Pennsylvania System of penal discipline. "Seminary of Virtue" argues that Eastern State Penitentiary's extensive and aggressive educational program reflected a general American belief that correctional institutions should educate inmates as a way of reducing recidivism and thereby "reforming" them. While Americans remained committed to educating inmates, Eastern State's curriculum evolved during its century and a half institutional life. As its emphasis shifted from the religiously oriented "reform" of prisoners in the early nineteenth-century to a medical model of "rehabilitation" a half century later, Eastern State's educational program evolved, shifting from a curriculum of rudimentary literacy skills, religious instruction and an apprenticeship of sorts to industrial education in the mid-nineteenth century and then finally to a traditional academic curriculum in the first third of the twentieth century.
Temple University--Theses
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Tsukayama, John K. "By any means necessary : an interpretive phenomenological analysis study of post 9/11 American abusive violence in Iraq." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/4510.
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This study examines the phenomenon of abusive violence (AV) in the context of the American Post-9/11 Counter-terrorism and Counter-insurgency campaigns. Previous research into atrocities by states and their agents has largely come from examinations of totalitarian regimes with well-developed torture and assassination institutions. The mechanisms influencing willingness to do harm have been examined in experimental studies of obedience to authority and the influences of deindividuation, dehumanization, context and system. This study used Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to examine the lived experience of AV reported by fourteen American military and intelligence veterans. Participants were AV observers, objectors, or abusers. Subjects described why AV appeared sensible at the time, how methods of violence were selected, and what sense they made of their experiences after the fact. Accounts revealed the roles that frustration, fear, anger and mission pressure played to prompt acts of AV that ranged from the petty to heinous. Much of the AV was tied to a shift in mission view from macro strategic aims of CT and COIN to individual and small group survival. Routine hazing punishment soldiers received involving forced exercise and stress positions made similar acts inflicted on detainees unrecognizable as abusive. Overt and implied permissiveness from military superiors enabled AV extending to torture, and extra-judicial killings. Attempting to overcome feelings of vulnerability, powerlessness and rage, subjects enacted communal punishment through indiscriminate beatings and shooting. Participants committed AV to amuse themselves and humiliate their enemies; some killed detainees to force confessions from others, conceal misdeeds, and avoid routine paperwork. Participants realized that AV practices were unnecessary, counter-productive, and self-damaging. Several reduced or halted their AV as a result. The lived experience of AV left most respondents feeling guilt, shame, and inadequacy, whether they committed abuse or failed to stop it.
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Houston, James G. "The Impact of Physical Environment on the Social Climate of Two Jails." PDXScholar, 1987. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1139.
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In recent years there has been a strong movement to replace outdated and inadequate jails throughout the United States. According to the National Sheriff's Association 15.9% of all jails have been under a court order to improve services or conditions at one time or another. In addition, 960 jails of the 3,493 existing jails in the United States were built prior to 1950. This need for new construction or renovation has given birth to a new area of expertise among architects and contractors--jail design and construction. While design and construction techniques have improved, little is known of the effects of physical environment on the social climate of a jail. This research seized upon a natural experiment in which an old, antiquated jail (Rocky Butte Jail) was replaced by a new, ultra-modern 470 bed high-rise jail (Multnomah County Detention Center). The question of what kind of physical environment change affects the social climate of a jail has broad implications with regard to design and construction of jails and other secure facilities. If the answer to this question can be determined, then it may be possible to provide improved service delivery in local jails, increase staff satisfaction with the work environment of jails, and improve mental and emotional health of jail staff and inmates; all of which can be translated into savings to the taxpayer. This study is a pre- and post-event research investigation that used the Rocky Butte Jail and the Multnomah County Detention Center as the setting for this inquiry. The Sonoma County (California) and Salt Lake County (Utah) jails served as control jails. The Correctional Institution Environmental Scale was administered to 877 inmates and staff in the four jails in 1983 and 1984. While the evidence is somewhat inconclusive, the Analysis of Covariance suggests that the inmates and staff as a group believe that there is a positive social climate in the Multnomah County Detention Center. This is expressed in terms of perceived support from fellow inmates and fellow officers and that the jail is orderly and well managed. In addition, inmates and staff as separate groups and in toto have a clear perception of what is expected of them. More important, perhaps, is the indication that well written and clear Policies and Procedures contribute greatly to the orderly management of an institution of this size. Finally, the data leads one to the conclusion that it may never be possible to gain a complete grasp of social climate in an institution of this nature. In general, this research provides a contribution to the literature and to future discussions of jail construction and design.
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Derickson, Judith Anne 1948. "USE OF DISCIPLINE-BASED ART CURRICULUM IN CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275303.
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Pemberton, Sarah. "Indiscipline, punishment, gender and race : examining Discipline and Punish in the context of the prison systems of the United States, and England and Wales." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/33195.
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This dissertation explores how the changing philosophy and practices of criminal punishment in the United States, England and Wales reflect broader techniques and relations of power in these societies. Two questions motivate this research: firstly, the extent to which Michel Foucault’s account of power and the prison is applicable now; and secondly, whether Foucault's later work provides an adequate conceptual framework for theorizing the aspects of power that he either overlooks or inadequately addresses in Discipline and Punish. I identify three trends in criminal justice over recent decades that challenge Foucault's account of penality: sharply rising incarceration rates, prison privatization, and the racialized and gendered nature of prison populations. I argue that although Foucault's concept of disciplinary power remains applicable, a fuller understanding of contemporary penality requires an analysis of how race and gender are constituted through biopower, and of how neoliberalism has shaped penal policy and contributed to greater socioeconomic inequality.
Although I conclude that Foucault's theorization of power and the prison in Discipline and Punish is inadequate in light of the racialized and gendered nature of power relations in both historical and contemporary criminal justice systems, I draw on his later work to re-theorize power and inequality. I argue that Foucault's analysis of sex, sexuality, and race provides a valuable conceptual framework that generates important insights, particularly through the concepts of biopower and state racism. However, I critique aspects of Foucault's later work, arguing that his analysis of race is inattentive to the inter-relation of race, class and capitalism; that his analysis of sex and sexuality overlooks the question of gender; and that his account of neoliberalism is more descriptive than analytical. I therefore combine the conceptual framework provided by Foucault with insights from feminist theory, queer theory and critical race theory to show how racialized, gendered and sexed identities become constituted within institutions such as the prison. My conclusion is that criminal justice and prison systems serve to construct and reinforce racialized and gendered identities, and thereby contribute to racialized and gendered inequalities that extend far beyond the prison system.
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Henry, Willie Lee. "The effects of shiftwork upon the marriage relationship of guards of prisoners at the United States Army Confinement Facility in Mannheim, West Germany." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1989. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/AAIDP14674.
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DeLucca, Claire. "Both Sides of the Barbed Wire: Lives of German Prisoners of War and African Americans in Camp Claiborne, Louisiana, 1944-1946." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2018. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2454.
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Located outside of Alexandria, Louisiana, Camp Claiborne was temporarily home to more than 500,000 U.S. servicemen and women during its short existence. Thousands of German prisoners of war also were held for more than two years in a section of the camp. Racial problems stemming from the policies of Jim Crow South and the blatant inequality eventually led to an African American mutiny within the camp. The events from 1944 to 1946 at Camp Claiborne provide insight into the mindsets of white Southerners and the generation of African Americans who would influence the major civil rights victories in the following decades.
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Rock, Adam. "The American Way: The Influence of Race on the Treatment of Prisoners of War During World War Two." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2014. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6345.
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When examining the Second World War, it is impossible to overlook the influence race had in both creating the conflict and determining the intensity with which it was fought. While this factor existed in the European theater, it pales in comparison to how race influenced the fighting in the Pacific. John Dower produced a comprehensive study that examined the racial aspects of the Pacific theater in his book War Without Mercy. Dower concluded that Americans viewed themselves as racially superior to the Asian "other" and this influenced the ferocity of the Pacific war. While Dower's work focused on this relationship overseas, I examine the interaction domestically.
My study examines the influence of race on the treatment of Japanese Prisoners of War (POWs) held in the United States during the Second World War. Specifically, my thesis will assess the extent to which race and racism affected several aspects of the treatment of Japanese prisoners in American camps. While in theory the American policy toward POWs made no distinctions in the treatment of racially different populations, in reality discrepancies in the treatment of racially different populations of POWs (German, and Japanese) become clear in its application.
My work addresses this question by investigating the differences in treatment between Japanese and European POWs held in the United States during and after the war. Utilizing personal letters from both American policymakers and camp administrators, U.S. War Department POW camp inspection reports, documents outlining American policy, as well as newspaper and magazine articles, I attempt to demonstrate how treatment substantially differed depending on the race of the prisoner. The government's treatment of the Japanese POWs should illuminate the United States Government's racial views during and after the war.M.A.
Masters
History
Arts and Humanities
History
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Childers, Rex A. "The Rationality of Nonconformity: the United States decision to refuse ratification of Protocol I Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 1949." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1214247432.
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Kilian, Clive Linton. "The status of the Al Qaeda and Taliban detainees at Guantanamo bay." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/826.
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The United States of America has in its custody several hundred Taliban and Al Qaeda combatants who were captured after the September 11, 2001 attack and during the war in Afghanistan. These prisoners are incarcerated at the Guantanamo naval base in Cuba. The treatment given to these detainees has elicited widespread criticism, as well as unprecedented intellectual and legal debates regarding prisoners of war. In order to fully understand the position of the Guantanamo Bay detainees, one has to be aware of the origins of the prisoner-of-war phenomenon. From biblical times, through the countless conflicts that were waged across the globe through the ages, the concept of “prisoner of war” gradually evolved. Growing concern for the plight of prisoners of war was paralleled by the development of the laws of war, which sought to regulate the conduct of combatants during an armed conflict. The laws of war that have bearing on modern day States are those documented in the Geneva Conventions. The Geneva Conventions regulate armed conflicts and set out the requirements for prisoners of war, as well as their trial rights. The United States, in declaring the Guantanamo Bay detainees “unlawful combatants” or “illegal enemy combatants”, terms which are undefined in International Law, have sought to evade the prescripts of the Geneva Conventions. In direct contravention of the Geneva Conventions, the Guantanamo Bay detainees are denied the right to humane treatment, a fair trial and due process of the law. Prior to Hamdan vs Rumsfeld, the United States’ position was challenged with very little success. The Supreme Court, in Hamdan vs Rumsfeld, directed the president to accord the detainees the protections of the Third Geneva Convention. The relief brought by this decision was very short lived. In September 2006 the United States Congress passed the Military Commissions Act of 2006. This Bill gives the president of the United States unfettered power in dealing with anyone suspected of being a threat to the State, as well as the authorisation to interpret and apply the Geneva Conventions according to his sole discretion.
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Croley, Pamela. "American Reeducation of German POWs, 1943-1946." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2233.
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The United States held almost 500,000 enemy combatants within her borders during World War II. Out of those 500,000 men, 380,000 were from Nazi Germany. Nazi POWs were confined to camps built near small rural towns in almost every state. It was not something that was well known to the American public. Even less known was the American Military's effort, through reeducation, to introduce Hitler's soldiers to a new political ideology-democracy. This thesis will explore how the reeducation program was formed; examine the people, both German and American, who participated in it, and make a determination on whether or not it was successful. While Special Projects did not completely win over the majority of the German POWs, it was my finding that for the Americans to have done nothing when faced with such a situation would have been foolish.
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Hough, Gys. "The systemic analysis of the establishment of torture as foreign policy measure in modern democratic institutions with special reference to the use of torture during the “War on Terror”." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4284.
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Thesis (MPhil (Political Science))--University 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This dissertation’s primary focus is why torture is used when torture is not an effective means of gathering intelligence. To answer this question the argument for the use of torture, commonly known as the ticking time bomb argument, is discussed. Due to psychological and physiological processes during torture interrogation it was found that torture cannot be relied upon to deliver truthful information. Torture was also found to adversely affect the institutions that are needed for its establishment. After torture has been found to be of no utility in terms of the appropriation of information the question of why torture is still used is answered by means of discussing societal dynamics as well as the political process surrounding torture. On the societal front it was found that American public opinion towards torture is ambivalent. The reason for this includes a host of socio-psychological factors such as the in-group out-group bias as well the War on Terror as a political ideology in its own right. The notion that anybody is likely to torture is also explored by means of discussing the Milgram’s Obedience Experiment as well as the Stanford Prison Experiment. On the political front the notion that the abuses at Abu Ghraib and Guantanamo Bay were the work of a few bad apples is dispelled since it formed part of a deliberative political process that tried to make torture a legitimate foreign policy measure. The reason for the existence of this process is the failure of international and domestic checks and balances. On the international front U.S. unilateralism as foreign policy principle is cited as the reason for the ineffectiveness of international measures to stop torture. On the domestic front the permanent rally around the flag effect due to the permanent state of mobilization in the War on Terror is cited as the reason for the failure of domestic checks and balances. The lessons learnt from the research enables the creation of measures on how to stop torture even when it is found that the necessary political will is not present within the Obama administration. In the absence of political will it must be manufactured by means of the actions of civil society, the free press and the international community. It was found that the most effective means would be the creation of a committee of inquiry to create the political memory of the use of torture and how it was established. Additionally a memorial must be erected as well seeing that inquiries create political memories but they do not sustain it.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis se fokus is om na te vors waarom marteling gebruik word as dit nie ‘n effektiewe wyse is om inligting in te win nie. Om hierdie vraagstuk te beantwoord word die argument vir die gebruik van marteling naamlik die tikkende-tydbom-argument bespreek. Asgevolg van sielkundige en fisiologiese prosesse tydens ondervragings wat gebruik maak van marteling kan daar nie op marteling staatgemaak word om die waarheid op te lewer nie. Dit was ook bevind dat marteling die instansies, wat nodig is vir die gebruik daarvan, op ‘n negatiewe wyse beïnvloed. Nadat daar vasgestel is dat marteling geen nutswaarde aangaande die inwinning van informasie bied nie word die vraagstuk waarom marteling steeds gebruik word beantwoord. Op die samelewingsvlak kan daar gestel word dat die Amerikaanse samelewing onseker is oor of marteling gebruik moet word al dan nie. Verskeie redes vir hierdie opinie word aangevoer waarvan die in-group out-group bias en die Oorlog teen Terreur as politieke ideologie slegs twee daarvan uitmaak. Dat enige persoon in staat is tot marteling onder die regte stel omstandighede word ook bespreek na aanleiding van die Milgram’s Obedience Experiement en die Stanford Prison Experiment. Op die politiese vlak is daar vasgestel dat die menseregteskendings in Abu Ghraib en Guantanamo Bay nie die werk was van slegs `n paar indiwidue was nie, maar deel uitmaak van ‘n doelbewuste politiese proses wat marteling as ‘n legitieme buitelandse beleidskwessie wil afmaak. Die rede waarom die beleidsproses bestaan kan toegeskryf word aan die mislukking van inter- en intranasionale wigte en teenwigte. Op die internasionale vlak kan daar gestel word dat die Verenigde State se unilateralistiese modus operandi die rede is vir die mislukking van internasionale maatreëls teen marteling. Op die intranasionale front kan daar gestel word dat die Amerikaanse publiek verkeer in ‘n permanent rally around the flagtoestand asgevolg van die permanent mobilisasie in die Oorlog teen Terreur. Uit die lesse wat geleer is uit die navorsing kan daadwerklike stappe gedoen word om die gebruik van marteling stop te sit alhoewel die Obama-administrasie se politiese wil ontbreek. Met die tekort aan politiese wil moet die politiese wil geskep word deur die burgerlik samelewing, the vrye pers asook die internasionale gemeenskap. Daar was gevind dat die mees effektiewe wyse om marteling stop te sit sal deurmiddel van ‘n kommissie van ondersoek wees. Die kommissie se doel sal wees om te bepaal hoe marteling tot stand gekom het en ‘n politiese herinnering te skep. Daar moet ook ‘n bykomende maatreël wees, naamlik die oprigting van ‘n monument aangesien kommissies van ondersoek politiese herinneringe skep maar nie in stand hou nie.